and_o sometime_o of_o be_v hang_v in_o the_o briar_n they_o be_v subject_a to_o a_o disease_n call_v the_o wood-evil_a which_o be_v a_o bladder_n of_o water_n gather_v in_o the_o head_n which_o make_v they_o turn_v round_o and_o so_o they_o will_v continue_v in_o the_o same_o place_n and_o in_o that_o giddy_a turn_a condition_n till_o they_o die_v when_o a_o sheep_n therefore_o be_v take_v with_o this_o distemper_n the_o butcher_n must_v cure_v he_o nevertheless_o young_a cattle_n thrive_v best_a in_o rough_a woody_a ground_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o covert_a and_o the_o large_a walk_n such_o place_n yield_v and_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o be_v defend_v from_o the_o fly_n and_o the_o breeze_n the_o grass_n likewise_o of_o such_o place_n though_o course_n and_o sour_a agree_v well_o enough_o with_o young_a cattle_n which_o will_v not_o pay_v for_o their_o keep_v be_v they_o to_o feed_v in_o rich_a pasture_n horse_n especial_o where_o we_o will_v have_v a_o good_a breed_n require_v likewise_o a_o large_a walk_n and_o woody_a such_o as_o those_o in_o park_n which_o be_v dry_a and_o hard_a at_o the_o bottom_n and_o withal_o stony_a yet_o cover_v with_o a_o sweet_a turf_n and_o abound_v with_o fresh_a spring_n thicket_n and_o some_o lawn_n or_o pasturage_n disperse_v in_o valley_n and_o fatten_v with_o little_a rivulet_n and_o upon_o this_o score_n it_o be_v that_o the_o northern_a part_n afford_v the_o best_a horse_n for_o the_o ground_n be_v poor_a they_o can_v afford_v they_o a_o large_a range_v which_o help_v their_o wind_n and_o teach_v they_o to_o use_v their_o leg_n and_o the_o stony_a ground_n make_v their_o heel_n tough_a and_o hard_a as_o for_o the_o dairy_n as_o also_o for_o the_o working-cattle_n and_o the_o like_a the_o better_a the_o pasturage_n the_o better_a the_o return_n if_o the_o ground_n be_v overgrow_v with_o couch_n or_o foggy_a grass_n the_o best_a way_n will_v be_v to_o eat_v it_o down_o in_o winter_n with_o hungry_a hardy_a cattle_n and_o in_o the_o spring_n when_o the_o young_a grass_n begin_v to_o peep_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n as_o certain_o it_o will_v and_o soon_o than_o in_o other_o pasturage_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o thick_a dead_a couch_n or_o grass_n which_o keep_v it_o warm_a and_o defend_v it_o from_o the_o wind_n and_o frost_n then_o be_v the_o time_n to_o turn_v in_o cattle_n and_o especial_o horse_n which_o taste_v of_o the_o young_a spring_a grass_n will_v pluck_v up_o the_o dead_a and_o wither_a together_o with_o it_o afterwhich_v let_v it_o be_v eat_v bare_a with_o sheep_n which_o as_o they_o feed_v will_v fatten_v the_o ground_n with_o their_o dung_n and_o by_o this_o mean_n will_v the_o ground_n be_v bring_v to_o a_o fine_a sweet_a turf_n pasture-ground_n be_v improve_v several_a way_n at_o first_o by_o sow_v of_o foreign_a seed_n such_o as_o clover_n st._n foin_n and_o the_o like_a all_o which_o seed_n must_v be_v sow_o along_o with_o the_o grain_n or_o a_o little_a after_o the_o ground_n be_v prepare_v or_o make_v very_o fine_a and_o by_o this_o mean_n when_o the_o grain_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v barley_n be_v above_o ground_n and_o grow_v to_o some_o strength_n the_o seed_n whether_o of_o clover_n or_o of_o st._n foin_n for_o the_o purpose_n will_v be_v spring_v up_o without_o prejudice_n to_o the_o crop_n and_o keep_v back_o and_o suppress_v weed_n which_o otherways_o will_v endanger_v the_o corn_n and_o poison_v the_o ground_n for_o some_o time_n after_o clover_n thrive_v almost_o in_o all_o sort_n of_o ground_n unless_o very_o stony_a or_o very_a wet_a land_n but_o it_o be_v most_o proper_a for_o a_o mix_v land_n such_o as_o partake_v of_o a_o sand_n and_o something_o a_o fat_a glebe_n the_o same_o manurement_n or_o dress_n which_o serve_v for_o barley_n will_v serve_v likewise_o for_o clover_n which_o will_v last_v good_a in_o the_o ground_n for_o three_o year_n by_o which_o mean_v that_o land_n which_o be_v not_o worth_a a_o noble_a a_o acre_n will_v be_v worth_a 30_o s._n a_o acre_n this_o sort_n of_o grass_n may_v be_v mow_v twice_o a_o year_n the_o first_o crop_n serve_v for_o hay_n the_o second_o they_o cut_v for_o seed_n about_o the_o middle_n of_o september_n when_o the_o blossom_n be_v full_o wither_v for_o it_o must_v lie_v wither_v on_o the_o ground_n for_o some_o time_n and_o be_v house_v very_o dry_a which_o be_v something_o difficult_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o long_a dew_n and_o the_o decline_a sun_n at_o this_o season_n of_o the_o year_n this_o sort_n of_o grass_n be_v very_o good_a for_o horse_n and_o to_o feed_v pig_n and_o fatten_v sheep_n but_o for_o cattle_n as_o cow_n or_o ox_n if_o they_o be_v turn_v in_o hungry_a they_o will_v be_v in_o danger_n of_o overfilling_a themselves_o and_o by_o this_o mean_n to_o swell_v and_o burst_v for_o this_o sort_n of_o food_n be_v exceed_o sweet_a and_o luscious_a the_o way_n than_o be_v to_o turn_v in_o cattle_n when_o they_o be_v full_a though_o at_o the_o best_a this_o sort_n of_o food_n be_v not_o so_o kind_a for_o they_o as_o grass_n when_o the_o clover_n be_v wear_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n as_o general_o it_o last_v not_o above_o three_o or_o four_o year_n at_o most_o the_o ground_n will_v quick_o come_v to_o a_o grassy_a turf_n so_o that_o i_o hold_v it_o absolute_o necessary_a for_o every_o one_o who_o lay_v down_o his_o ground_n sore_a pasturage_n to_o leave_v it_o with_o clover_n this_o sort_n of_o improvement_n be_v much_o practise_v in_o herefordshire_n worcestershire_n and_o some_o part_n of_o glocestershire_n and_o after_o some_o little_a interval_n of_o time_n it_o may_v be_v renew_v again_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n and_o so_o on_o the_o soil_n be_v first_o due_o dress_v and_o prepare_v for_o corn._n st._n foin_n where_o it_o like_v the_o ground_n be_v much_o more_o profitable_a than_o clover_n because_o of_o long_a continuance_n it_o require_v a_o quite_o different_a soil_n from_o clover_n for_o it_o thrive_v best_a in_o a_o hilly_a stony_a cold_a and_o barren_a ground_n but_o dry_a such_o as_o that_o in_o the_o high_a part_n of_o glocestershire_n oxfordshire_n and_o other_o place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n this_o sort_n of_o grass_n may_v be_v mow_v from_o year_n to_o year_n for_o divers_a year_n together_o and_o when_o it_o die_v after_o a_o few_o year_n intermission_n the_o sow_v of_o it_o may_v be_v renew_v again_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n etc._n etc._n the_o fodder_n be_v exceed_o good_a for_o horse_n and_o not_o unkind_a for_o cattle_n so_o that_o by_o mean_n hereof_o the_o ground_n which_o before_o be_v not_o worth_a two_o shilling_n a_o acre_n shall_v be_v worth_a twenty_o shilling_n a_o acre_n and_o better_o the_o reason_n why_o st._n foin_n thrive_v so_o well_o in_o dry_a stony_a barren_a ground_n be_v this_o it_o be_v a_o plant_n which_o shoot_v its_o small_a fibrous_a root_n a_o great_a depth_n in_o the_o ground_n deep_a far_o than_o grain_n or_o common_a herb_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o stony_a surface_n can_v run_v low_a whereas_o st._n foin_n creep_v deep_a by_o its_o root_n betwixt_o the_o joint_n of_o the_o stone_n where_o the_o vegitative_a nutriment_n can_v be_v suck_v by_o such_o plant_n as_o feed_v upon_o the_o surface_n which_o general_o lie_v no_o deep_a than_o the_o blow_n and_o because_o st._n foin_n require_v a_o dry_a soil_n such_o barren_a dry_a ground_n be_v most_o sit_v for_o it_o the_o stony_a surface_n and_o the_o decline_a situation_n utter_o forbid_v any_o moisture_n to_o sink_v far_o into_o it_o clover_n likewise_o shoot_v down_o a_o good_a depth_n but_o not_o so_o deep_a as_o st._n foin_n and_o be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n supplant_v by_o other_o herb_n forasmuch_o as_o it_o prosper_v best_a in_o a_o thrive_a and_o loose_a soil_n and_o general_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o such_o herb_n as_o be_v perennial_a shoot_v deep_a root_v downward_o as_o hop_n dock_n ferne_n broom_n nettles_n and_o the_o like_a whereas_o they_o which_o be_v annual_a lie_v shallow_a on_o the_o surface_n ray_n or_o rye_n grain_n be_v a_o spiry_n benty_n sort_n of_o grass_n and_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o improvement_n much_o of_o the_o same_o continuance_n with_o clover_n and_o thrive_v best_a in_o cold_a wet_a and_o gauly_a ground_n it_o be_v not_o so_o much_o in_o vogue_n as_o clover_n or_o st._n foin_n another_o way_n of_o improve_n pasturage_n be_v by_o soil_n or_o dress_v of_o the_o ground_n such_o as_o dung_n which_o have_v be_v rot_v some_o year_n as_o likewise_o shoveling_n of_o fold_n and_o the_o mud_n of_o pool_n and_o ditch_n after_o two_o or_o three_o year_n mellow_n but_o i_o know_v not_o any_o thing_n which_o improve_v pasturage_n more_o than_o mault-dust_n so_o that_o every_o one_o who_o trade_n in_o sell_v of_o
nor_o indeed_o be_v ever_o so_o thrifty_a as_o before_o so_o that_o from_o that_o time_n to_o this_o we_o find_v all_o sort_n of_o timber_n grow_v scarce_a and_o dear_a and_o so_o it_o be_v likely_a still_o to_o continue_v it_o be_v well_o we_o be_v in_o good_a term_n with_o the_o northern_a crown_n but_o shall_v we_o once_o have_v a_o difference_n with_o they_o we_o may_v soon_o expect_v to_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o utmost_a extremity_n especial_o when_o the_o iron-work_n those_o great_a devourer_n of_o fuel_n shall_v multiply_v upon_o we_o to_o furnish_v the_o kingdom_n with_o such_o iron-provision_n and_o store_n as_o be_v now_o bring_v from_o thence_o and_o all_o but_o little_a enough_o to_o serve_v our_o occasion_n so_o that_o upon_o such_o a_o general_a slaughter_n or_o rather_o massacre_n of_o wood_n as_o will_v be_v make_v in_o such_o a_o conjuncture_n we_o can_v not_o but_o become_v a_o easy_a prey_n to_o a_o foreign_a invasion_n it_o behoove_v therefore_o our_o parliament_n more_o than_o ever_o to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o such_o practice_n as_o shall_v undue_o diminish_v the_o growth_n of_o such_o a_o necessary_a commodity_n as_o also_o to_o encourage_v the_o plant_n of_o it_o by_o some_o privilege_n and_o exemption_n and_o particular_o to_o encourage_v the_o plant_n of_o wood_n in_o such_o heath_n and_o barren_a ground_n as_o lie_v commodious_a to_o any_o navigable_a river_n or_o near_o such_o port_n and_o harbour_n to_o which_o our_o ship_n do_v most_o resort_n but_o of_o thing_n relate_v to_o this_o subject_n more_o at_o large_a when_o i_o shall_v hereafter_o discourse_v of_o the_o fuel_n of_o london_n chap._n viii_o of_o tree_n as_o they_o be_v useful_a in_o husbandry_n every_o husbandman_n or_o farmer_n though_o he_o be_v not_o master_n of_o a_o park_n or_o of_o fair_a wood_n aught_o to_o have_v his_o ground_n well_o store_v with_o such_o tree_n as_o may_v promote_v his_o husbandry_n such_o as_o elm_n oak_n and_o ash_n as_o likewise_o to_o be_v commodious_o furnish_v with_o aqualick_n or_o such_o as_o grow_v near_o the_o brook_n and_o water_n as_o sally_n withy_n and_o orles_n for_o these_o tree_n though_o of_o less_o bulk_n be_v very_o serviceable_a and_o first_o i_o begin_v with_o elm_n elm_n then_o as_o also_o poplar_n be_v cut_v at_o the_o butt_n do_v coppice_n or_o cast_v forth_o new_a shoot_v in_o great_a abundance_n so_o that_o so_o far_o as_o their_o root_n spread_v under_o ground_n they_o will_v sprout_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n like_o a_o little_a forest_n for_o there_o be_v no_o branch_n to_o draw_v the_o sap_n the_o root_n cast_v forth_o or_o discharge_v themselves_o of_o what_o may_v be_v spare_v from_o the_o main_a tree_n towards_o the_o raise_n a_o new_a offspring_n these_o young_a plant_n if_o preserve_v from_o the_o injury_n of_o cattle_n will_v grow_v considerable_o but_o not_o to_o substance_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a multitude_n the_o more_o therefore_o of_o these_o young_a sprouts_n be_v wed_v away_o the_o fair_a will_v be_v the_o remainder_n they_o be_v better_o therefore_o propagate_v this_o way_n than_o by_o transplantation_n though_o if_o transplant_v the_o best_a way_n be_v to_o mow_v grass_n or_o weed_n and_o lay_v they_o about_o the_o root_n which_o will_v keep_v the_o ground_n moist_a sweat_a and_o defend_v the_o root_n from_o the_o extremity_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a if_o some_o stone_n be_v mix_v with_o the_o grass_n it_o be_v not_o amiss_o for_o they_o will_v keep_v the_o grass_n hollow_a and_o preserve_v it_o from_o wither_v and_o bake_v together_o the_o like_a help_n may_v be_v use_v to_o preserve_v fruit-tree_n or_o any_o other_o tree_n whatsoever_o elm_n in_o husbandry_n be_v useful_a for_o stock_n and_o valley_n for_o wheel_n for_o ox-bow_n as_o also_o for_o harrow_n this_o wood_n likewise_o be_v good_a in_o rail_n and_o gate_n if_o saw_v thin_a not_o be_v apt_a to_o rove_v like_o oak_n and_o be_v light_n will_v shut_v and_o open_v with_o more_o ease_n board_n of_o elm_n be_v good_a likewise_o for_o floor_n and_o door_n of_o room_n but_o not_o so_o good_a as_o oak_n because_o subject_a to_o swell_v and_o shrink_v upon_o alteration_n of_o wether_n the_o season_n of_o cut_v they_o be_v from_o allhallontide_n to_o candlemas_n but_o if_o cut_v in_o the_o summer_n let_v they_o be_v cast_v into_o the_o water_n for_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o year_n and_o that_o will_v fetch_v out_o the_o sap_n and_o preserve_v they_o from_o the_o worm_n a_o old_a barr-oak_n be_v cut_v at_o the_o butt_n will_v never_o coppice_n more_o but_o sapling_n or_o young_a timber_n will_v shoot_v from_o the_o butt_n but_o not_o sprout_v forth_o of_o the_o ground_n round_o about_o like_o elm_n and_o poplar_n oak_n therefore_o be_v best_a raise_v of_o acorn_n especial_o in_o large_a field_n for_o if_o acorn_n be_v set_v in_o a_o small_a quantity_n they_o will_v be_v in_o danger_n of_o be_v destroy_v by_o mole_n or_o field-mice_n who_o be_v of_o a_o strange_a quick_a scent_n and_o will_v get_v they_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n though_o never_o so_o well_o cover_v and_o carry_v they_o to_o their_o little_a hold_n or_o storehouse_n oak_n though_o they_o be_v account_v the_o long_a liver_n among_o the_o tree_n of_o this_o island_n perish_v soon_o by_o cold_a and_o drought_n of_o any_o except_v poplar_n and_o asp_n as_o be_v observable_a in_o 84_o be_v the_o year_n follow_v that_o severe_a frost_n a_o vast_a number_n of_o oak_n especial_o the_o old_a one_o wither_a away_o the_o follow_a summer_n which_o prove_v exceed_v dry_a and_o of_o sound_a timber-tree_n many_o be_v split_v and_o cleave_v to_o the_o very_a heart_n so_o that_o a_o man_n may_v put_v his_o finger_n in_o the_o cleft_n or_o rend_v which_o close_v up_o again_o when_o the_o frost_n be_v over_o and_o although_o they_o seem_v to_o the_o eye_n to_o have_v receive_v no_o damage_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o they_o be_v silly_a or_o weep_v or_o shatter_v and_o in_o a_o manner_n unserviceable_a be_v saw_v for_o though_o the_o gap_n and_o cleft_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o frost_n heal_v up_o again_o leave_v sometime_o no_o seam_n nor_o scar_n in_o outward_a appearance_n nevertheless_o when_o such_o tree_n be_v cut_v the_o wound_n will_v soon_o appear_v so_o that_o the_o damage_n do_v that_o winter_n as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o will_v not_o be_v repair_v in_o many_o age_n and_o i_o look_v upon_o good_a timber_n to_o be_v a_o commodity_n which_o will_v every_o day_n grow_v more_o scarce_o than_o other_o and_o such_o true_o be_v the_o violence_n of_o that_o frost_n that_o as_o i_o very_o well_o remember_v it_o rend_v a_o stone-wall_n from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o bottom_n so_o wide_a that_o i_o can_v lay_v my_o finger_n in_o the_o cleft_n the_o crack_v run_v and_o turn_v with_o the_o joint_n of_o the_o stone_n which_o breach_n at_o spring_n close_v up_o again_o leave_v no_o mark_n of_o rupture_n behind_o the_o wall_n be_v build_v upon_o a_o rocky_a foundation_n in_o the_o water_n of_o all_o tree_n elm_n resist_v cold_a the_o best_a for_o i_o observe_v not_o one_o to_o perish_v by_o that_o rigid_a season_n oak_n serve_v for_o several_a use_v in_o husbandry_n as_o for_o plank_n and_o bed_n for_o wane_v for_o spoke_n in_o wheel_n for_o vessel-stave_n and_o for_o all_o the_o occasion_n of_o building_n it_o be_v the_o wood_n which_o be_v most_o durable_a and_o beautiful_a if_o you_o cast_v beech_n or_o quarter-wood_n into_o the_o water_n be_v saw_v green_a and_o let_v they_o lie_v therein_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o year_n and_o better_o it_o will_v fetch_v out_o the_o sap_n and_o make_v they_o fit_a for_o use_v quick_o likewise_o sapling_n be_v cast_v green_a into_o the_o water_n after_o they_o have_v lie_v there_o for_o some_o time_n become_v tough_a and_o hard_a and_o will_v not_o be_v subject_a to_o worm_n as_o appear_v by_o axletree_n so_o that_o a_o gate_n or_o rail_n make_v of_o young_a pole_n thus_o season_v shall_v last_v many_o year_n and_o never_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o worm_n nor_o to_o â—ove_v or_o warp_v by_o the_o sun_n in_o a_o word_n i_o hold_v it_o best_a to_o cast_v all_o sort_n of_o saw_v or_o cleave_v oak_n as_o board_n window-stuff_n spoke_n pipe-wood_n or_o stair_n pin-wood_n waine-bed_n etc._n etc._n into_o the_o water_n there_o to_o season_n for_o be_v dry_v in_o the_o sun_n they_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o warp_v or_o cast_v oak_n elm_n and_o general_o all_o tree_n whatsoever_o be_v crop_v or_o have_v the_o head_n cut_v off_o so_o that_o they_o can_v stretch_v themselves_o high_a grow_v more_o bulky_a and_o burry_n so_o that_o it_o be_v usual_a for_o a_o oak_n thus_o dwarf_v to_o contain_v six_o yard_n in_o compass_n for_o such_o tree_n rot_v and_o
the_o low-countries_n and_o likewise_o in_o lombardy_n where_o those_o rich_a meadow_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n water_v by_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o trench_n or_o channel_n all_o cut_v by_o hand_n and_o replenish_v with_o great_a variety_n of_o fish_n as_o for_o ditch_n fill_v with_o dead_a or_o stand_a water_n they_o be_v industrious_o to_o be_v avoid_v as_o afford_v in_o the_o summer-season_n most_o noisome_a smell_v and_o vapour_n breed_v great_a quantity_n of_o fly_n and_o infect_v as_o their_o water_n be_v most_o unwholesome_a and_o dangerous_a for_o cattle_n quickset-hedge_n consist_v general_o of_o holly_n hazle_n hip-briar_n bramble_n the_o black_a and_o white_a thorn_n etc._n etc._n holly_n be_v better_a raise_v by_o berry_n than_o by_o set_v though_o there_o be_v but_o few_o who_o design_o plant_v they_o but_o in_o the_o walk_n of_o garden_n and_o then_o i_o say_v they_o be_v raise_v by_o berry_n and_o be_v esteem_v for_o be_v ever_o green_a and_o for_o their_o red_a fruit_n or_o berry_n the_o holly_n which_o be_v edge_v or_o fringe_v with_o a_o silver_n kind_a of_o thread_n be_v account_v very_o ornamental_a in_o the_o choice_a garden_n holly_n have_v this_o advantage_n above_o all_o other_o quick_v for_o it_o will_v thrive_v best_a among_o great_a tree_n as_o oak_n '_o and_o elm_n especial_o elm_n when_o other_o quick_v will_v not_o grow_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o strong_a nourishment_n which_o such_o great_a tree_n draw_v to_o the_o consumption_n of_o what_o be_v plant_v near_o they_o hazle_n though_o a_o quick_a grower_n where_o it_o like_v the_o ground_n ought_v not_o design_o to_o be_v plant_v for_o the_o leave_n and_o skirt_n be_v extraordinary_a sweet_a and_o tender_a all_o sort_n of_o cattle_n prey_v most_o eager_o upon_o it_o to_o the_o ruin_n of_o a_o hedge_n hippolito_n and_o haws_n as_o well_o as_o hazle_n be_v best_a plant_v by_o bird_n and_o vermin_n for_o such_o â—_z make_v nut_n and_o berry_n to_o be_v their_o ordinary_a food_n fly_v with_o they_o or_o carry_v they_o from_o place_n to_o place_n and_o so_o drop_v they_o up_o and_o down_o the_o hedge_n or_o else_o hide_v they_o under_o ground_n at_o spring_n some_o will_v be_v sure_a to_o sprout_v bramble_n grow_v natural_o enough_o we_o may_v suppose_v though_o it_o be_v true_a too_o that_o the_o seed_n of_o blackberry_n scatter_v by_o bird_n or_o otherwise_o up_o and_o down_o the_o hedge_n beget_v a_o large_a increase_n and_o the_o shoot_v or_o string_n of_o they_o run_v along_o the_o ground_n quick_o take_v root_n as_o we_o see_v in_o strawberry_n and_o will_v overrun_v the_o ground_n if_o not_o timely_o subdue_v but_o the_o two_o common_a quickset_n by_o which_o husbandman_n raise_v their_o hedge_n be_v the_o black_a and_o white_a thorn_n call_v the_o haw-thorn_n as_o for_o the_o black_a thorn_n the_o quick_v or_o set_v be_v not_o very_o apt_a to_o grow_v but_o where_o they_o once_o take_v root_n they_o be_v never_o to_o be_v destroy_v and_o they_o make_v the_o best_a fence_n of_o any_o for_o it_o be_v hardy_a and_o stubborn_a and_o by_o be_v a_o prickly_a shrub_n cattle_n be_v not_o apt_a to_o bruise_v it_o one_o inconveniency_n it_o have_v that_o it_o be_v apt_a to_o spread_v wide_a than_o it_o shall_v do_v by_o send_v forth_o new_a shoot_v from_o the_o root_n at_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o hedge_n and_o if_o not_o careful_o look_v after_o will_v quick_o overrun_v a_o ground_n the_o white_a or_o haw-thorn_n be_v the_o most_o usual_a quick_n which_o the_o husbandman_n make_v use_v of_o for_o the_o raise_n of_o hedge_n for_o the_o set_v be_v good_a green_n and_o withal_o thorny_a and_o prickly_a but_o the_o leave_n or_o tender_a bud_n be_v sweet_a cattle_n and_o especial_o sheep_n will_v endanger_v they_o very_o much_o if_o not_o careful_o prevent_v either_o by_o wash_v they_o with_o lime_n or_o by_o make_v dead_a fence_n before_o they_o till_o they_o be_v grow_v out_o of_o danger_n the_o season_n for_o plant_v of_o quick_a hold_v good_a from_o the_o begin_n of_o december_n to_o the_o middle_n of_o february_n and_o sometime_o late_a if_o the_o spring_n be_v backward_o it_o be_v infinite_o better_a to_o plant_v quick_a on_o the_o ditch-side_n than_o on_o the_o field-side_n for_o on_o the_o field-side_n they_o will_v be_v sure_a to_o be_v nip_v with_o cattle_n but_o on_o the_o ditch-side_n the_o set_v be_v safe_a from_o the_o dry_a sun_n as_o also_o from_o cattle_n which_o graize_n on_o the_o field-side_n especial_o if_o some_o shrub_n bush_n of_o black_a thorn_n be_v prick_v in_o over_o they_o with_o the_o stake_n which_o make_v the_o dead_a hedge_n some_o in_o plant_v of_o hedge_n will_v set_v acorn_n ash-key_n crab-quicks_a and_o the_o like_a but_o i_o look_v not_o upon_o this_o method_n to_o be_v so_o profitable_a to_o the_o hedge_n for_o such_o tree_n when_o grow_v up_o to_o any_o bigness_n will_v rob_v the_o hedge_n wood_n of_o its_o due_a nourishment_n and_o leave_v gap_n near_o the_o body_n of_o such_o tree_n and_o will_v stand_v in_o need_n of_o continual_a repair_n and_o although_o the_o crop_n of_o such_o overgrow_a tree_n may_v serve_v for_o fuel_n yet_o i_o look_v upon_o it_o to_o be_v a_o much_o better_a hedge_n which_o shall_v never_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o repair_n as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o however_o it_o be_v every_o man_n may_v follow_v that_o which_o he_o find_v most_o profitable_a cut_v or_o plash_v of_o hedges_n be_v another_o thing_n which_o we_o be_v to_o have_v regard_n to_o which_o beside_o that_o it_o must_v be_v do_v in_o due_a season_n that_o be_v in_o the_o winter_n or_o very_o early_a in_o the_o spring_n great_a care_n be_v to_o be_v have_v furthermore_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o cut_v a_o fell_n or_o downright_a blow_n be_v too_o apt_a to_o make_v a_o cleave_v in_o the_o stub_n which_o will_v rot_v and_o deaden_a it_o be_v better_a therefore_o to_o cut_v upward_o if_o one_o can_v convenient_o come_v at_o it_o likewise_o we_o must_v be_v sure_a to_o leave_v good_a store_n of_o bushy_a thorn_n or_o broom_n on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o quick-hedge_n for_o these_o serve_v for_o a_o defence_n to_o keep_v off_o cattle_n from_o brouze_a upon_o the_o tender_a shoot_v of_o a_o newplashed_a hedge_n and_o after_o two_o year_n time_n such_o shoot_v will_v grow_v strong_a and_o be_v out_o of_o the_o reach_n of_o cattle_n and_o then_o we_o may_v safe_o cut_v away_o or_o trim_v off_o the_o under-growings_a or_o bushy_a fuel_n for_o our_o occasion_n whereas_o he_o who_o cut_v the_o top_n of_o a_o hedge_n and_o the_o under-wood_n or_o side_n spriggs_n all_o at_o once_o endanger_v the_o kill_n of_o his_o fence_n the_o cattle_n have_v free_a scope_n and_o liberty_n to_o nip_v off_o the_o tender_a bud_n in_o all_o place_n as_o fast_o as_o they_o shoot_v out_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n likewise_o i_o hold_v it_o not_o good_a husbandry_n to_o be_v overcurious_a in_o grub_v up_o of_o thorn_n or_o bush_n which_o grow_v near_o a_o quickhedge_n for_o these_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o outwork_n which_o preserve_v the_o main_a fence_n safe_a which_o be_v once_o cut_v away_o the_o principal_a fence_n lie_v open_a to_o the_o injury_n of_o cattle_n when_o a_o hedge_n be_v grow_v very_o old_a and_o stubby_a it_o be_v best_o to_o cut_v it_o up_o at_o the_o butt_n leave_v only_o here_o and_o there_o a_o layer_n or_o pleacher_n the_o mould_n be_v first_o cast_v up_o careful_o to_o the_o bank_n to_o cherish_v the_o root_n of_o such_o thorn_n or_o hedge-wood_n from_o whence_o the_o dead_a stuff_n be_v cut_v for_o the_o safety_n and_o defence_n whereof_o a_o dead_a hedge_n must_v be_v make_v at_o two_o yard_n distance_n the_o brush_n lie_v on_o the_o field-side_n to_o keep_v off_o cattle_n from_o do_v mischief_n whilst_o the_o new-laid_a hedge_n be_v a_o recover_v this_o art_n of_o husbandry_n or_o double_a hedging_n be_v not_o to_o be_v practise_v but_o where_o there_o be_v plenty_n of_o tynnel_n and_o there_o the_o charge_n or_o expense_n be_v no_o other_o but_o the_o hire_n of_o tyne_v which_o be_v inconsiderable_a and_o after_o three_o year_n time_n it_o may_v be_v take_v away_o ready_a cut_n and_o dry_v for_o the_o fire_n in_o all_o dead_a gap_n of_o hedge_n it_o be_v very_o expedient_a to_o make_v the_o stake_n of_o sally_n or_o withy_n for_o they_o will_v prove_v quick_a and_o grow_v and_o afford_v plentiful_a matter_n for_o the_o repair_n of_o hedge_n from_o time_n to_o time_n there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o dead_a hedging_n which_o be_v common_o practise_v with_o good_a advantage_n especial_o near_o lane_n and_o that_o be_v by_o prick_v or_o stick_v thorn_n slant_a or_o slope-way_n upon_o the_o bank_n and_o cover_v the_o bottom_n of_o they_o with_o
the_o public_a for_o by_o this_o mean_n man_n will_v venture_v upon_o projection_n it_o be_v very_o well_o observe_v by_o a_o most_o ingenious_a and_o learned_a gentleman_n in_o his_o remark_n upon_o one_o of_o the_o great_a most_o ancient_a and_o most_o polish_a government_n upon_o earth_n when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o agriculture_n be_v encourage_v by_o so_o many_o special_a privilege_n from_o the_o crown_n and_o the_o common_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n that_o whatever_o war_n happen_v the_o tiller_n of_o the_o ground_n be_v untouched_a as_o if_o they_o be_v sacred_a like_o the_o priest_n in_o other_o place_n so_o as_o no_o country_n in_o the_o world_n be_v ever_o know_v to_o be_v so_o well_o cultivate_v as_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o china_n whereas_o with_o we_o and_o other_o neighbour_a country_n it_o be_v the_o poor_a husbandman_n who_o must_v support_v in_o a_o manner_n the_o whole_a expense_n of_o a_o war_n and_o undergo_v great_a burden_n and_o drudgery_n than_o the_o beast_n which_o till_o the_o ground_n in_o fine_a what_o i_o have_v write_v upon_o this_o subject_a be_v not_o ground_v upon_o the_o report_n and_o method_n of_o other_o author_n but_o upon_o my_o own_o observation_n towards_o which_o i_o have_v have_v some_o small_a advantage_n by_o my_o long_a continuance_n in_o a_o private_a and_o country_n life_n which_o observation_n i_o shall_v adventure_v to_o deliver_v more_o particular_o in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n chap._n ii_o of_o tillage_n the_o art_n and_o practice_n then_o of_o husbandry_n be_v reducible_a to_o these_o three_o general_a head_n viz._n tillage_n pasturage_n and_o plantation_n on_o each_o of_o which_o i_o shall_v be_v brief_a in_o regard_n many_o write_v daily_o upon_o this_o subject_a more_o copious_o sometime_o than_o solid_o their_o volume_n general_o swell_v with_o trivial_a observation_n and_o large_a digression_n whereas_o the_o reason_n of_o thing_n be_v more_o easy_o comprehend_v when_o contract_v into_o a_o lesser_a room_n and_o free_v from_o tedious_a repetition_n and_o exemplification_n i_o shall_v begin_v first_o with_o tillage_n which_o be_v either_o in_o the_o open_a and_o common_a field_n or_o amid_o enclosure_n and_o although_o enclosure_n where_o every_o man_n property_n be_v secure_v by_o fence_n may_v seem_v much_o more_o eligible_a yet_o so_o it_o be_v that_o common_a field_n be_v hold_v general_o in_o great_a esteem_n and_o value_v and_o that_o for_o these_o reason_n as_o one_a in_o common_a field_n man_n be_v deliver_v from_o the_o continual_a vexation_n and_o expense_n of_o make_v and_o repair_v of_o hedge_n and_o consequent_o from_o the_o injury_n of_o cattle_n break_v in_o upon_o one_o another_o ground_n for_o such_o common_a field_n border_v upon_o pasturage_n or_o other_o enclosure_n it_o lie_v upon_o other_o to_o secure_v the_o mound_n beside_o there_o be_v hayward_n appoint_v on_o purpose_n to_o make_v their_o round_n and_o to_o see_v all_o thing_n safe_a two_o common_a field_n have_v a_o great_a advantage_n above_o enclosure_n from_o sheep_n for_o when_o they_o lie_v fallow_a by_o be_v wide_a the_o sheep_n be_v force_v to_o nip_v the_o young_a weed_n as_o fast_o as_o they_o peep_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o there_o leave_v their_o dung_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o convert_v what_o be_v most_o hurtful_a to_o what_o be_v most_o profitable_a for_o corn_n whereas_o in_o little_a enclosure_n they_o will_v be_v still_o brouse_v upon_o the_o hedge_n where_o likewise_o they_o will_v be_v continual_o nusle_v to_o avoid_v the_o sun_n and_o cold_a so_o that_o they_o destroy_v the_o fence_n and_o leave_v their_o dung_n in_o place_n which_o make_v no_o return_n whilst_o the_o fallow_a be_v poison_v with_o overgrow_a weed_n and_o trash_n and_o here_o indeed_o lie_v the_o true_a profit_n of_o sheep_n for_o where_o they_o be_v keep_v in_o lesser_a close_n the_o owner_n will_v be_v in_o perpetual_a danger_n of_o lose_v by_o they_o and_o the_o sheep_n themselves_o will_v be_v in_o danger_n of_o tear_v their_o fleece_n and_o of_o leave_v their_o wool_n among_o the_o thorn_n and_o bush_n three_o common_a field_n be_v more_o open_a to_o the_o sun_n and_o more_o free_a from_o bird_n likewise_o which_o lie_v in_o the_o tree_n and_o hedge_n will_v be_v continual_o prey_v upon_o the_o corn_n whereas_o in_o little_a enclosure_n corn_n never_o ripen_v so_o kind_o be_v under_o the_o shade_n and_o dropping_n of_o tree_n the_o root_n likewise_o of_o the_o tree_n spread_v to_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o hedge_n do_v rob_v the_o earth_n of_o what_o shall_v nourish_v the_o grain_n as_o the_o bird_n likewise_o will_v not_o be_v want_v to_o play_v their_o part_n from_o the_o neighbour_a hedge_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o corn_n begin_v to_o ripen_v in_o the_o ear._n enclosure_n nevertheless_o have_v this_o advantage_n which_o perhaps_o be_v peculiar_a to_o hereford_n worcester_z and_o some_o part_n of_o glocestershire_n that_o in_o the_o hedge_n fruit-tree_n may_v be_v plant_v the_o profit_n whereof_o in_o some_o year_n equal_v half_o the_o rent_n of_o the_o ground_n but_o this_o i_o say_v be_v local_a or_o a_o profit_n only_o in_o such_o country_n where_o fruit-tree_n be_v thrifty_a and_o flourish_a and_o as_o for_o other_o tree_n as_o oak_n elm_n ash_n and_o the_o like_a which_o grow_v common_o in_o hedge_n it_o be_v well_o if_o the_o lop_n and_o crop_n of_o they_o will_v serve_v for_o fuel_n and_o the_o old_a tree_n and_o other_o wood_n arise_v from_o thence_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o ditch_v and_o of_o repair_v the_o mound_n and_o hedge_n from_o time_n to_o time_n this_o advantage_n notwithstanding_o be_v hardly_o worth_a take_v notice_n of_o it_o be_v much_o more_o profitable_a to_o have_v such_o hedge_n as_o shall_v never_o need_v repair_n than_o to_o have_v tree_n grow_v in_o they_o which_o from_o time_n to_o time_n may_v supply_v the_o husbandman_n with_o fuel_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o great_a tree_n rob_v the_o quick_a of_o its_o nourishment_n and_o the_o trespass_n which_o the_o husbandman_n receive_v by_o the_o continual_a decay_n of_o such_o hedge_n near_o such_o tree_n and_o the_o expense_n he_o must_v be_v contival_o at_o in_o make_v they_o good_a make_v such_o fence_n very_o chargeable_a and_o expensive_a whereas_o a_o clean_a quickset_n hedge_n will_v never_o need_v repair_n there_o be_v far_a advantage_n likewise_o from_o enclosure_n in_o that_o a_o man_n receive_v no_o trespass_n or_o damage_n from_o a_o neighbour_n turn_v upon_o his_o ground_n for_o so_o it_o be_v that_o in_o common-field_n the_o first_o plougher_n always_o receive_v a_o considerable_a damage_n especial_o upon_o his_o head_n land_n which_o abutt_o upon_o another_o land_n for_o he_o that_o sow_v last_o turn_v his_o cattle_n backward_o and_o forward_o on_o it_o to_o the_o great_a damage_n and_o destruction_n of_o what_o be_v first_o sow_o beside_o the_o continual_a trespass_n of_o go_v over_o one_o another_o ground_n and_o corn_n both_o at_o sow_v and_o at_o harvest-time_n be_v very_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o crop_n nevertheless_o common_a field_n be_v much_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o enclosure_n for_o the_o reason_n beforementioned_a fallow_v of_o ground_n every_o three_o or_o every_o four_o year_n be_v excellent_a good_a husbandry_n for_o they_o who_o plough_n upon_o the_o brush_n as_o they_o call_v it_o in_o glocestershire_n that_o be_v to_o say_v every_o year_n till_v and_o sow_v the_o ground_n without_o intermission_n will_v certain_o be_v plague_v with_o weed_n enough_o for_o it_o be_v the_o fallow_a or_o turn_v up_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o sun_n which_o kill_v the_o weed_n at_o the_o root_n and_o make_v the_o earth_n more_o freeable_a and_o fine_a and_o give_v the_o dung_n or_o compost_n time_n to_o mix_v and_o incorporate_v with_o the_o soil_n whereas_o the_o other_o method_n beside_o the_o damage_n of_o weed_n rob_v the_o ground_n of_o all_o its_o virtue_n by_o continual_a crop_n nor_o can_v the_o dung_n have_v time_n to_o digest_v and_o mix_v with_o the_o earth_n before_o the_o grain_n be_v sow_o this_o piece_n of_o husbandry_n be_v much_o in_o use_n among_o the_o ancient_a roman_n as_o appear_v by_o virgil_n georg._n i._n illa_fw-la seges_fw-la demum_fw-la volis_fw-la respondet_fw-la avari_fw-la agricola_n bis_fw-la quae_fw-la solemn_a quae_fw-la frigora_fw-la sensit_fw-la in_o the_o interpretation_n of_o which_o place_v author_n be_v at_o some_o contest_v the_o explication_n of_o salmasius_n seem_v most_o rational_a which_o be_v this_o viz._n that_o ground_n be_v fit_a for_o a_o crop_n of_o breadcorn_n which_o have_v be_v four_o time_n plough_v of_o which_o the_o first_o plough_v must_v be_v in_o the_o winter_n the_o second_o in_o the_o spring_n the_o three_o in_o the_o summer_n and_o the_o last_o in_o autumn_n or_o immediate_o before_o the_o season_n of_o sow_v so_o that_o the_o first_o
many_o collect_v from_o virgil_n geor._n 1_o saepe_fw-la etiam_fw-la sterilis_fw-la incendere_fw-la proferet_fw-la agros_fw-la atque_fw-la levem_fw-la stipulem_fw-la crepitantibus_fw-la vtere_fw-la flammis_fw-la the_o benefit_n whereof_o our_o poet_n make_v to_o consist_v in_o the_o power_n and_o virtue_n which_o the_o fire_n have_v to_o purge_v out_o the_o crude_a humour_n of_o the_o earth_n when_o he_o tell_v we_o omne_fw-la per_fw-la ignem_fw-la excoquitur_fw-la vitium_fw-la atque_fw-la exsudat_fw-la inutilis_fw-la humour_n the_o same_o method_n likewise_o of_o burn_v the_o stubble_n upon_o the_o ground_n be_v much_o use_v at_o this_o day_n in_o the_o campaine_n of_o rome_n at_o which_o time_n the_o air_n be_v very_o scorch_a and_o unhealthy_a the_o heat_n of_o the_o climate_n be_v very_o much_o increase_v by_o such_o general_a burn_n attend_v with_o so_o much_o smoke_n in_o a_o word_n this_o way_n of_o burn_v be_v all_o the_o help_n they_o have_v in_o a_o manner_n in_o the_o hot_a country_n where_o the_o paucity_n of_o cattle_n will_v not_o afford_v soil_n to_o dress_v the_o ten_o part_n of_o their_o tillage_n so_o that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o climate_n with_o a_o little_a help_n from_o their_o stubble_n tree_n do_v do_v that_o which_o we_o of_o the_o cold_a region_n be_v force_v to_o purchase_v with_o four_o time_n more_o charge_n and_o trouble_v rag_n cut_v or_o chop_v to_o piece_n be_v use_v in_o many_o place_n as_o a_o great_a help_n to_o tillage_n and_o it_o be_v strange_a to_o see_v what_o a_o crop_n of_o corn_n some_o barren_a flinty_a ground_n shall_v yield_v after_o such_o a_o manurement_n in_o dress_v of_o ground_n with_o dung_n it_o be_v good_a to_o let_v it_o lie_v a_o little_a in_o the_o heap_n and_o digest_v the_o rawness_n of_o it_o in_o the_o sun_n for_o turn_v in_o fresh_a it_o be_v not_o so_o good_a and_o to_o let_v it_o lie_v too_o long_o the_o fat_a and_o oily_a part_n will_v be_v too_o much_o exhale_v many_o husbandman_n especial_o in_o open_a common_a field_n where_o they_o can_v follow_v their_o land_n unless_o all_o agree_v together_o sow_v vetch_n which_o serve_v their_o horse_n all_o the_o summer_n by_o hitch_v they_o on_o the_o land_n where_o they_o will_v be_v sure_a to_o eat_v it_o bear_v and_o leave_v good_a store_n of_o dung_n in_o the_o place_n this_o method_n be_v look_v upon_o to_o be_v as_o good_a almost_o as_o a_o fallow_a with_o dung_v and_o be_v perform_v with_o no_o charge_n nor_o trouble_n many_o likewise_o before_o they_o sow_v their_o grain_n especial_o wheat_n steep_v it_o in_o urine_n or_o brine_n that_o it_o may_v imbibe_n the_o salt_n and_o then_o they_o flower_v it_o with_o lime_n this_o they_o do_v not_o only_o to_o strengthen_v and_o cherish_v the_o corn_n against_o the_o cold_a and_o moistness_n of_o the_o winter_n season_n but_o also_o to_o prevent_v bird_n swine_n worm_n and_o the_o like_a from_o feed_v on_o it_o husbandman_n likewise_o observe_v to_o buy_v such_o seed_n as_o grow_v upon_o a_o poor_a ground_n than_o that_o on_o which_o they_o intend_v to_o sow_v it_o if_o the_o seed_n be_v fair_a and_o full_a it_o may_v do_v very_o well_o but_o not_o otherwise_o for_o it_o be_v with_o grain_n as_o it_o be_v with_o plant_n or_o tree_n the_o full_a and_o more_o thrive_a the_o better_a the_o season_n for_o sow_v every_o sort_n of_o grain_n after_o its_o kind_n must_v be_v leave_v to_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o prudent_a husbandman_n who_o must_v have_v regard_n to_o the_o temper_n of_o his_o land_n if_o it_o be_v subject_a to_o weed_n and_o in_o good_a heart_n and_o strength_n the_o late_a the_o ground_n be_v sow_o the_o better_a will_v be_v the_o crop_n for_o the_o purpose_n barley_n may_v be_v sow_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o may_n for_o be_v a_o quick_a grower_n the_o very_a dew_n will_v in_o a_o week_n time_n bring_v it_o forth_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o this_o mean_n it_o will_v get_v a_o head_n over_o the_o weed_n which_o require_v a_o long_a time_n to_o show_v themselves_o and_o will_v not_o be_v so_o apt_a to_o thrive_v in_o hot_a wether_n but_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v dry_a and_o sandy_a the_o soon_o any_o sort_n of_o corn_n be_v sow_o in_o it_o it_o be_v the_o better_a for_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n join_v to_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n or_o soil_v will_v endanger_v the_o crop_n and_o make_v it_o turn_v yellow_a and_o wither_v but_o if_o in_o case_n it_o prove_v a_o cool_a and_o wet_a summer_n it_o may_v do_v very_o well_o so_o that_o maugre_o all_o the_o care_n and_o foresight_n of_o the_o honest_a husbandman_n he_o must_v depend_v much_o upon_o the_o dispensation_n of_o heaven_n which_o neiâ—her_n himself_o nor_o the_o wise_a man_n upon_o earth_n can_v foresee_v and_o therefore_o both_o he_o and_o every_o man_n else_o how_o great_a and_o provident_a soever_o after_o he_o have_v cast_v his_o business_n into_o the_o best_a method_n his_o reason_n can_v propose_v must_v still_o depend_v upon_o providence_n as_o to_o the_o event_n there_o be_v so_o many_o accident_n which_o may_v traverse_v his_o design_n and_o such_o as_o can_v never_o be_v provide_v against_o nor_o foresee_v the_o same_o discretion_n be_v to_o be_v use_v in_o the_o sow_v of_o winter-grain_n for_o light_n sandy_a ground_n sow_o late_o will_v rare_o bring_v forth_o a_o crop_n unless_o well_o stercorate_v but_o be_v early_o sow_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n will_v cherish_v the_o seed_n without_o danger_n of_o weed_n whereas_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v more_o fat_a and_o rich_a be_v natural_o subject_a to_o breed_v weed_n and_o grass_n will_v quick_o push_v they_o forth_o and_o choke_v the_o good_a grain_n in_o the_o come_n forth_o but_o when_o such_o rich_a ground_n be_v late_o sow_o upon_o there_o be_v no_o danger_n for_o the_o weed_n will_v not_o stir_v towards_o winter_n and_o the_o grain_n be_v lodge_v in_o the_o earth_n will_v weather_v out_o the_o cold_a season_n well_o enough_o and_o spring_n too_o when_o grass_n and_o weed_n be_v pinch_v by_o the_o cold_a wether_n i_o doubt_v not_o of_o winter_n grain_n as_o wheat_n and_o rye_n sow_o in_o february_n if_o the_o season_n be_v dry_a and_o the_o earth_n crumble_a or_o mellow_a but_o that_o it_o will_v be_v as_o forward_o as_o that_o which_o be_v sow_o at_o michaelmas_n or_o allhallontide_n especial_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v well_o temper_v and_o clean_o from_o weed_n and_o covet-grass_n which_o two_o plowing_n will_v do_v one_o viz._n as_o soon_o as_o the_o crop_n be_v off_o the_o ground_n the_o other_o about_o christmas_n if_o the_o season_n will_v permit_v but_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o the_o wether_n will_v discourage_v the_o wary_a husbandman_n but_o in_o case_n i_o say_v the_o wether_n shall_v prove_v favourable_a and_o a_o man_n be_v otherways_o hinder_v from_o sow_v his_o land_n at_o the_o usual_a season_n and_o that_o the_o ground_n be_v due_o turn_v and_o in_o good_a heart_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n for_o despair_v of_o a_o crop_n but_o husbandman_n especial_o farmer_n like_o their_o horse_n and_o team_n love_v still_o to_o travel_v in_o a_o beat_a road_n for_o shall_v they_o once_o miscarry_v in_o a_o project_n beside_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o crop_n they_o will_v think_v they_o shall_v be_v laugh_v at_o by_o their_o neighbour_n and_o be_v point_v at_o in_o the_o market_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o rare_o meet_v with_o any_o new_a discovery_n or_o improvement_n of_o husbandry_n from_o a_o laborious_a farmer_n the_o straightness_n of_o who_o circumstance_n will_v not_o suffer_v they_o to_o venture_v a_o certain_a expense_n upon_o a_o uncertain_a return_n when_o the_o method_n be_v new_a and_o unusual_a though_o he_o risk_v the_o same_o thing_n daily_o as_o to_o the_o fruit_n of_o his_o labour_n which_o depend_v as_o i_o have_v say_v upon_o many_o contingence_n which_o lie_v beyond_o his_o care_n and_o foresight_n snow_n do_v much_o preserve_v corn_n from_o the_o injury_n of_o frost_n and_o wind_n but_o above_o all_o the_o husbandman_n ought_v to_o have_v regard_n to_o keep_v his_o furrow_n clean_o and_o to_o make_v furrow_n also_o slope_v across_o his_o land_n to_o drain_v the_o gaul_n and_o carry_v off_o the_o winter-water_n than_o which_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o injurious_a beside_o the_o kill_n of_o want_n or_o mole_n which_o every_o husbandman_n will_v be_v sufficient_o advertise_v of_o from_o his_o own_o daily_a damage_n more_o than_o ordinary_a care_n ought_v to_o be_v have_v to_o his_o furrow_n especial_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o land_n for_o though_o these_o pernicious_a animal_n do_v a_o vast_a deal_n of_o spoil_n by_o their_o hillock_n it_o be_v much_o great_a mischief_n which_o they_o do_v by_o stop_v up_o the_o end_n of_o the_o furrow_n for_o in_o such_o place_n it_o be_v
that_o the_o worm_n most_o resort_v and_o by_o consequence_n the_o want_v who_o feed_v upon_o they_o so_o that_o i_o have_v know_v the_o same_o place_n choke_v up_o three_o or_o four_o time_n afresh_o during_o the_o winter-season_n ground_n new_o break_v up_o may_v be_v sow_o with_o some_o sort_n of_o pease_n or_o oat_n pease_n be_v better_o and_o must_v be_v harrow_v in_o after_o the_o plough_v but_o general_o the_o crop_n be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o upon_o temper_a land_n forasmuch_o as_o it_o will_v be_v subject_a to_o grass_n and_o weed_n after_o pease_n the_o year_n follow_v we_o may_v sow_v barley_n for_o there_o will_v be_v time_n enough_o betwixt_o harvest_n and_o barley-sowing_a to_o give_v the_o ground_n its_o due_a plowing_n after_o the_o second_o crop_n it_o must_v be_v fallowed_a and_o dress_v before_o it_o will_v yield_v another_o unless_o it_o be_v sow_v with_o oat_n which_o will_v much_o impoverish_v the_o ground_n it_o be_v the_o best_a method_n therefore_o to_o let_v old_a land_n after_o it_o have_v be_v break_v up_o to_o lie_v fallow_a the_o first_o year_n and_o if_o in_o good_a proof_n it_o will_v with_o a_o little_a help_n yield_v three_o crop_n successive_o in_o lesser_a enclosure_n which_o be_v convert_v to_o tillage_n i_o hold_v it_o the_o best_a husbandry_n in_o the_o world_n instead_o of_o headland_n on_o which_o the_o cattle_n turn_v not_o to_o sow_v they_o but_o to_o let_v they_o lie_v plain_a for_o grass_n as_o also_o a_o large_a mere_a to_o be_v leave_v of_o ten_o or_o fourteen_o yard_n breadth_n under_o all_o the_o hedge_n which_o enclose_v the_o tillage_n for_o these_o border_n will_v never_o bear_v good_a corn_n especial_o if_o the_o hedge_n be_v quick_a and_o high_a and_o store_v with_o tree_n for_o the_o shade_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o hedge_n as_o also_o the_o dropping_n from_o the_o bough_n will_v destroy_v the_o crop_n as_o will_v also_o the_o bird_n which_o lie_v continual_o in_o the_o hedge_n the_o root_n likewise_o of_o the_o tree_n and_o quick_n will_v rob_v the_o corn_n of_o its_o due_a nourishment_n let_v the_o border_n round_o about_o therefore_o be_v keep_v for_o grass_n which_o as_o it_o be_v most_o delightful_a to_o the_o eye_n and_o most_o commodious_a for_o walk_v so_o be_v it_o most_o profitable_a for_o the_o wash_n or_o land-flood_n run_v off_o the_o furrow_n will_v fatten_v the_o border_a mere_a in_o a_o extraordinary_a manner_n and_o make_v it_o as_o rich_a as_o any_o meadow-ground_n as_o the_o shade_n likewise_o of_o the_o tree_n and_o hedge_n will_v as_o well_o help_v forward_a grass_n how_o injurious_a soever_o they_o may_v be_v to_o corn._n after_o the_o crop_n be_v in_o the_o barn_n be_v house_v dry_a the_o next_o thing_n the_o honest_a labourer_n or_o husbandman_n be_v to_o consider_v of_o be_v to_o turn_v it_o into_o money_n peradventure_o the_o safe_a way_n will_v be_v to_o thrash_v it_o out_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o season_n do_v require_v and_o to_o send_v it_o to_o the_o market_n for_o by_o long_o lie_v in_o the_o barn_n rat_n and_o mouse_n will_v quick_o draw_v their_o mine_n and_o make_v large_a inroad_n nor_o will_v the_o thief_n be_v want_v as_o occasion_n shall_v serve_v to_o give_v a_o cast_n of_o his_o skill_n to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v the_o encumbrance_n of_o the_o barn_n for_o the_o crop_n of_o a_o follow_a year_n to_o keep_v it_o thrash_v in_o the_o granary_n be_v altogether_o as_o bad_a for_o it_o will_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o assault_n of_o vermin_n and_o unless_o often_o turn_v it_o will_v grow_v musty_a beside_o it_o will_v contract_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o dust_n and_o filth_n and_o the_o grain_n of_o corn_n will_v shrink_v or_o shriule_v and_o lose_v their_o bright_a colour_n all_o which_o will_v be_v of_o much_o more_o detriment_n than_o what_o may_v be_v recompense_v from_o the_o advance_n of_o the_o market_n which_o common_o do_v lurch_v we_o by_o sink_v low_o but_o rare_o rise_v to_o that_o degree_n as_o to_o make_v amends_o for_o the_o inconvenience_n we_o meet_v with_o by_o keep_v in_o our_o corn._n but_o if_o it_o be_v judge_v expedient_a to_o keep_v grain_n the_o best_a way_n be_v in_o the_o straw_n by_o put_v it_o into_o a_o rick_n not_o raise_v upon_o post_n or_o pillar_n of_o wood_n or_o of_o much_o stone_n as_o be_v usual_a with_o ordinary_a husbandman_n but_o let_v the_o frame_n of_o wood_n which_o be_v to_o bear_v up_o the_o rick_n be_v lay_v upon_o five_o or_o nine_o pillar_n a_o full_a yard_n from_o the_o ground_n the_o pillar_n must_v be_v proportionable_a to_o the_o burden_n be_v make_v round_o and_o strong_a and_o fine_o plaster_v over_o and_o cover_v with_o flat_a square_a stone_n four_o foot_n in_o breadth_n each_o to_o prevent_v vermin_n from_o run_v up_o for_o if_o the_o pillar_n be_v square_a though_o never_o so_o polish_a rat_n and_o mouse_n will_v run_v up_o the_o corner_n but_o on_o a_o round_a one_o they_o have_v not_o the_o least_o hold_v for_o their_o claw_n the_o rick_n also_o must_v be_v well_o thatch_v to_o prevent_v damage_n from_o foul_a wether_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v grain_n may_v be_v preserve_v sweet_a and_o entire_a for_o many_o year_n there_o be_v this_o thing_n far_o which_o i_o will_v recommend_v to_o the_o consideration_n of_o every_o husbandman_n especial_o if_o he_o be_v a_o gentleman_n viz._n to_o avoid_v as_o much_o as_o possible_a the_o cover_v of_o his_o barn_n and_o outhouse_n with_o straw_n for_o beside_o that_o such_o thatch_a cover_n look_n mean_v and_o beggarly_a it_o be_v certain_a that_o they_o will_v prove_v far_o more_o expensive_a than_o tyl_v in_o a_o little_a process_n of_o time_n people_n be_v easy_o draw_v to_o follow_v the_o example_n of_o the_o country_n to_o avoid_v a_o little_o great_a charge_n for_o the_o present_a not_o consider_v that_o such_o thatch_a house_n will_v be_v a_o continual_a reparation_n and_o expense_n every_o violent_a gust_n or_o puff_n of_o wind_n tear_n they_o to_o piece_n and_o make_v vast_a breach_n unluckey_n bird_n be_v still_o pull_v they_o and_o the_o rain_n snow_n and_o wether_n will_v in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n rot_v such_o cover_n and_o considerable_a damage_n be_v sustain_v before_o stuff_n and_o thatcher_n can_v be_v bring_v in_o place_n whereas_o the_o tile_v roof_n though_o a_o little_a more_o chargeable_a at_o first_o will_v last_v a_o long_a while_n without_o repair_n and_o when_o repair_v it_o will_v be_v do_v at_o a_o quarter_n the_o charge_n of_o straw_n roof_n it_o be_v true_a thatch_a house_n be_v a_o better_a security_n for_o corn_n against_o rain_n and_o snow_n but_o then_o it_o be_v know_v too_o that_o they_o harbour_v bird_n rat_n mouse_n with_o other_o vermin_n and_o above_o all_o be_v most_o dangerous_a so_o that_o many_o house_n have_v be_v burn_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o whole_a family_n undo_v by_o fire_n catch_v in_o the_o thatch_n but_o in_o this_o and_o many_o other_o method_n country_n fellow_n will_v never_o quit_v the_o old_a road_n how_o ridiculous_a and_o inconvenient_a soever_o it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o irish_a can_v be_v wean_a from_o their_o old_a barbarous_a custom_n of_o tail_v their_o horse_n to_o one_o another_o and_o to_o draw_v with_o they_o in_o their_o team_n chap._n iii_o of_o pasturage_n pasturage_n be_v of_o several_a sort_n that_o wherein_o sheep_n thrive_v best_a be_v the_o lawn_n as_o also_o the_o wide_a and_o open_a down_n such_o as_o those_o in_o cotsall_n and_o in_o wiltshire_n for_o what_o be_v rich_a or_o rank_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a dew_n that_o lie_v upon_o they_o be_v apt_a to_o beget_v the_o rot_n also_o hilly_a ground_n in_o which_o be_v many_o spring_n and_o little_a lake_n be_v very_o unwholesome_a for_o where_o sheep_n bite_v close_a they_o thrive_v best_a unless_o they_o be_v design_v for_o the_o butcher_n and_o then_o they_o must_v have_v a_o full_a diet._n there_o be_v no_o small_a care_n to_o be_v take_v in_o order_v the_o pasture_n of_o such_o as_o be_v design_v for_o breed_n or_o store_n let_v they_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o summer_n as_o bare_a as_o possible_a for_o if_o they_o once_o come_v to_o abate_v their_o flesh_n as_o certain_o they_o will_v towards_o winter_n they_o will_v be_v a_o long_a time_n before_o they_o will_v come_v about_o but_o be_v hard_o keep_v in_o the_o summer_n and_o dispose_v into_o thrive_a pasture_n towards_o winter_n they_o will_v keep_v their_o fleece_n whole_a upon_o their_o back_n and_o be_v able_a to_o weather_n out_o the_o sharp_a of_o that_o season_n of_o the_o usefulness_n of_o fallow-field_n we_o have_v speak_v before_o wood_n and_o rough_a ground_n be_v very_o hazardous_a for_o sheep_n for_o beside_o the_o danger_n they_o be_v in_o of_o tear_v their_o fleece_n
malt_n may_v secure_o promise_v himself_o that_o the_o dust_n and_o winnowing_n of_o his_o malt_n after_o it_o have_v lie_v some_o time_n will_v prove_v a_o very_a considerable_a part_n of_o his_o gain_n the_o improvement_n of_o pasturage_n by_o water_v be_v next_o to_o be_v consider_v for_o if_o it_o be_v by_o a_o land-flood_n and_o convenient_o distribute_v by_o furrow_n it_o be_v of_o great_a advantage_n but_o if_o the_o water_n lie_v long_o upon_o it_o it_o chill_v the_o ground_n and_o make_v it_o bring_v forth_o rush_n and_o such_o like_a trash_n or_o a_o sort_n of_o thin_a withern_n starve_a grass_n but_o above_o all_o where_o a_o ground_n be_v well_o dress_v with_o rot_a dung_n or_o earth_n and_o a_o land-flood_n or_o other_o water_n can_v convenient_o be_v bring_v over_o it_o without_o much_o wash_n or_o stay_n it_o must_v needs_o make_v the_o ground_n very_o fruitful_a the_o season_n of_o dress_v pasture_n be_v in_o the_o frost_n for_o then_o the_o wheel_n will_v not_o cut_v into_o the_o earth_n and_o after_o the_o frost_n be_v over_o the_o compost_n or_o earth_n which_o be_v lay_v on_o will_v be_v crumble_o and_o moulder_v for_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o fine_a the_o earth_n or_o compost_n which_o be_v throw_v upon_o it_o be_v the_o more_o grass_n it_o will_v yield_v upon_o which_o account_n it_o be_v that_o pasture_n ground_n border_v upon_o great_a road_n be_v more_o fruitful_a in_o grass_n than_o other_o for_o the_o dust_n which_o be_v raise_v in_o they_o be_v carry_v by_o the_o wind_n and_o fall_v upon_o the_o tender_a herb_n the_o next_o shower_n carry_v it_o easy_o to_o the_o root_n so_o that_o all_o part_n of_o the_o ground_n be_v alike_o powder_a with_o this_o sort_n of_o dust_n which_o be_v general_o fat_a than_o common_a earth_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o dunging_n of_o cattle_n and_o trash_n which_o be_v common_o cast_v into_o the_o highway_n any_o ground_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o hang_n of_o a_o hill_n and_o have_v a_o pool_n or_o currant_n above_o it_o be_v high_o to_o be_v value_v for_o such_o ground_n may_v be_v water_v at_o any_o time_n and_o the_o water_n will_v be_v sure_a not_o to_o stand_v upon_o it_o which_o be_v a_o thing_n most_o pernicious_a to_o pasture_n and_o if_o such_o hang_a ground_n as_o i_o be_o speak_v of_o be_v light_o dress_v with_o earth_n before_o the_o water_n be_v turn_v over_o it_o it_o will_v bring_v forth_o grass_n in_o abundance_n i_o have_v know_v some_o who_o have_v the_o advantage_n of_o a_o pool_n at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o decline_a ground_n have_v throw_v into_o the_o water_n a_o great_a deal_n of_o soil_n or_o dung_n and_o all_o the_o time_n of_o water_v their_o ground_n have_v order_v a_o horse_n or_o two_o to_o be_v rid_v or_o walk_v up_o and_o down_o the_o pool_n during_o the_o run_n of_o the_o water_n so_o that_o four_o or_o five_o load_v of_o dung_n thus_o cast_v into_o it_o will_v help_v the_o ground_n better_o than_o five_o time_n as_o much_o clean_a dung_n cast_v or_o spread_v upon_o the_o ground_n for_o the_o muddy_a fat_a water_n will_v be_v sure_a to_o find_v the_o root_n of_o every_o herb_n whereas_o dung_n lay_v upon_o the_o ground_n though_o never_o so_o well_o spread_v will_v lie_v in_o little_a heap_n and_o a_o good_a part_n of_o it_o will_v dry_v or_o burn_v away_o without_o any_o benefit_n lime_n throw_v upon_o pasture_n if_o chill_a and_o cold_a will_v bring_v it_o to_o a_o fine_a thick_a mat_n of_o grass_n but_o whether_o the_o benefit_n will_v answer_v the_o cost_n and_o charge_n unless_o it_o be_v where_o lime_n be_v very_o cheap_a i_o leave_v to_o the_o husbandman_n pocket_n to_o consider_v to_o mix_v lime_n with_o earth_n first_o and_o so_o let_v they_o lie_v together_o in_o a_o heap_n bakeing_n be_v no_o good_a way_n for_o the_o lime_n when_o slack_v will_v make_v the_o earth_n as_o hard_o almost_o as_o a_o rock_n so_o that_o be_v to_o be_v spread_v upon_o the_o ground_n it_o will_v lie_v in_o great_a cake_n or_o flake_n and_o will_v not_o be_v turn_v to_o a_o powder_n till_o the_o strength_n and_o virtue_n of_o the_o lime_n be_v spend_v the_o best_a way_n therefore_o be_v to_o lay_v the_o lime_n in_o little_a heap_n as_o we_o do_v upon_o tillage_n and_o after_o it_o be_v slack_v and_o cast_v into_o the_o air_n the_o wind_n will_v scatter_v the_o powder_n of_o it_o fine_o upon_o the_o ground_n which_o the_o next_o shower_n of_o rain_n or_o the_o very_a dew_n of_o the_o night_n will_v convey_v gradual_o to_o the_o root_n of_o the_o grass_n the_o last_o way_n of_o improve_n pasture-ground_n be_v by_o free_v they_o from_o such_o thing_n as_o do_v annoy_n and_o hurt_v they_o such_o as_o aunt_n broom_n fern_n wood-wax_n or_o dyers-weed_n dock_n thistle_n nettle_n and_o the_o like_a as_o for_o aunt_n the_o time_n of_o destroy_v they_o be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o winter_n by_o dig_v up_o their_o hillock_n and_o sink_v their_o holes_n low_a than_o the_o level_n of_o the_o ground_n throw_v the_o core_n or_o earth_n which_o be_v dug_n out_o of_o the_o hole_n into_o a_o empty_a cart_n and_o cast_v it_o into_o a_o pool_n of_o water_n for_o by_o throw_v it_o upon_o the_o ground_n they_o will_v revive_v again_o in_o the_o spring_n and_o raise_v new_a heap_n after_o they_o have_v endure_v all_o the_o severity_n of_o the_o winter-season_n whether_o of_o rain_n or_o frost_n so_o that_o after_o two_o or_o three_o year_n for_o one_o hillock_n you_o shall_v have_v a_o dozen_o for_o i_o have_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o aunt_n which_o have_v be_v freeze_v up_o in_o clod_n of_o earth_n as_o hard_o as_o the_o stone_n will_v crawl_v about_o and_o work_v again_o in_o the_o spring_n they_o then_o who_o will_v practice_v this_o method_n of_o husbandry_n by_o dig_v out_o the_o core_n must_v quarâ—er_v the_o turf_n of_o the_o hillock_n first_o and_o after_o the_o core_n be_v take_v out_o turn_v the_o turf_n in_o outerly_a and_o so_o cover_v the_o hole_n leave_v it_o sink_v a_o little_a low_o than_o the_o ordinary_a surface_n of_o the_o ground_n as_o i_o say_v before_o that_o so_o the_o water_n may_v sink_v in_o and_o kill_v they_o for_o there_o be_v no_o destroy_v they_o but_o by_o water_n this_o method_n likewise_o must_v be_v practise_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o winter_n that_o there_o may_v be_v time_n enough_o for_o the_o water_n to_o soak_v they_o though_o after_o all_o the_o sure_a way_n to_o destroy_v these_o mischievous_a vermin_n be_v to_o plough_v up_o the_o ground_n and_o till_o it_o with_o corn_n for_o this_o will_v do_v the_o business_n effectual_o and_o for_o many_o year_n and_o true_o all_o pasture-ground_n whatsoever_o will_v call_v for_o this_o method_n of_o husbandry_n once_o in_o twenty_o year_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o grass_n will_v come_v up_o the_o sweet_a and_o better_a if_o the_o ground_n be_v lay_v down_o in_o good_a heart_n but_o if_o this_o method_n shall_v not_o prove_v successful_a the_o last_o and_o sure_a remedy_n the_o husbandman_n can_v have_v recourse_n to_o be_v to_o graze_v the_o ground_n so_o turn_v as_o i_o have_v before_o describe_v with_o sheep_n for_o the_o follow_a year_n for_o these_o cattle_n by_o nip_a the_o grass_n close_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o by_o often_o walk_v over_o it_o keep_v down_o the_o aunt_n for_o it_o be_v by_o the_o spring-grass_n they_o climb_v up_o and_o make_v their_o hillock_n in_o the_o summer_n where_o you_o may_v see_v they_o climb_v up_o a_o foot_n high_a up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o grass_n carry_v up_o earth_n and_o fasten_v it_o to_o the_o side_n therefore_o all_o which_o be_v final_o avoid_v i_o say_v by_o keep_v the_o grass_n down_o by_o the_o tooth_n and_o foot_n of_o such_o sheep_n broom_n be_v another_o enemy_n to_o pasturage_n and_o to_o destroy_v it_o the_o most_o effectual_a way_n be_v to_o let_v it_o grow_v for_o three_o or_o four_o year_n and_o when_o it_o be_v in_o blossom_n as_o it_o will_v be_v in_o may_n to_o cut_v it_o with_o a_o hook_n pretty_a close_a to_o the_o ground_n for_o than_o it_o be_v that_o all_o the_o sap_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o plant_n be_v up_o and_o be_v cut_v off_o i_o say_v the_o scorch_a heat_n of_o the_o summer_n will_v make_v the_o remain_a stub_n to_o wither_v and_o die_v and_o consequent_o the_o root_n there_o be_v nothing_o to_o draw_v it_o but_o they_o who_o practise_v this_o sort_n of_o husbandry_n must_v be_v sure_a to_o leave_v no_o young_a under-shoots_a of_o broom_n for_o such_o though_o they_o seem_v never_o so_o inconsiderable_a will_v quick_o draw_v the_o root_n and_o get_v to_o a_o head_n they_o who_o endeavour_n to_o kill_v broom_n by_o plough_v or_o stocking_n of_o it_o
up_o do_v throw_v away_o their_o money_n and_o time_n for_o it_o will_v come_v up_o ten_o time_n thick_a than_o before_o sow_v the_o ground_n with_o clover_n will_v go_v a_o great_a way_n in_o destroy_v of_o broom_n and_o sometime_o it_o will_v utter_o kill_v it_o by_o reason_n it_o draw_v a_o strong_a juice_n but_o above_o all_o the_o sow_v of_o st._n foin_n without_o all_o dispute_n will_v utter_o kill_v it_o forasmuch_o as_o it_o go_v much_o deep_a into_o the_o ground_n than_o the_o root_n of_o broom_n and_o engross_v or_o draw_v all_o the_o vegetative_a virtue_n of_o the_o earth_n unto_o itself_o the_o way_n to_o destroy_v fern_n be_v to_o whip_v off_o the_o young_a head_n of_o it_o with_o a_o switch_n as_o soon_o as_o it_o peep_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n for_o then_o it_o be_v very_o tender_a and_o will_v weep_v or_o bleed_v exceed_o this_o be_v do_v five_o or_o six_o time_n in_o a_o year_n for_o so_o often_o will_v it_o get_v head_n again_o and_o continue_v under_o this_o method_n for_o two_o year_n it_o will_v utter_o destroy_v it_o a_o boy_n in_o a_o hour_n time_n may_v whip_v off_o the_o head_n of_o so_o much_o fern_n as_o will_v poison_v a_o acre_n of_o ground_n so_o that_o ten_o or_o twelve_o hour_n labour_v bestow_v upon_o a_o piece_n of_o ground_n viz._n a_o hour_n at_o a_o time_n will_v purge_v a_o field_n from_o this_o devour_a weed_n for_o by_o often_o whip_v of_o it_o it_o bleed_v and_o be_v bruise_v and_o the_o scorch_a sun_n wither_v it_o in_o the_o same_o way_n as_o i_o have_v before_o describe_v in_o broom_n dyers-weed_n or_o wood-wax_n where_o it_o grow_v be_v a_o most_o pernicious_a weed_n it_o rob_v the_o ground_n exceed_o and_o its_o bitterness_n will_v not_o suffer_v any_o cattle_n to_o eat_v it_o nor_o will_v it_o be_v destroy_v by_o mow_v the_o only_a way_n i_o can_v ever_o find_v be_v to_o graze_v the_o ground_n which_o be_v pester_v with_o it_o by_o sheep_n and_o eat_v it_o bare_a for_o sheep_n bite_v close_o and_o love_v this_o sort_n of_o herb_n very_o well_o and_o it_o be_v say_v moreover_o to_o preserve_v they_o from_o the_o rot_n and_o the_o hay_n or_o father_n make_v thereof_o be_v good_a for_o they_o in_o the_o winter_n as_o for_o thistle_n they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v destroy_v as_o fern_n by_o cut_v breaking-up_a and_o sow_v the_o ground_n with_o clover_n be_v the_o best_a way_n to_o kill_v they_o and_o sometime_o they_o will_v die_v of_o themselves_o the_o like_a also_o may_v be_v say_v of_o dock_n nettle_n and_o suchlike_a trash_n which_o proceed_v common_o from_o the_o indigested_a rankness_n of_o the_o soil_n liming_n of_o the_o ground_n whether_o tillage_n or_o pasture_n do_v very_o much_o contribute_v to_o the_o suppression_n of_o these_o weed_n moss_n be_v a_o great_a impoverisher_n of_o ground_n and_o be_v the_o pure_a effect_n of_o old_a age_n or_o of_o wear_v out_o nature_n so_o that_o grow_v in_o a_o kind_n of_o thick_a mat_n or_o scurf_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o rob_v the_o herb_n of_o their_o due_a nourishment_n or_o more_o probable_o i_o say_v the_o earth_n be_v wear_v out_o of_o heart_n be_v able_a to_o put_v forth_o nothing_o but_o this_o dry_a kind_n of_o trash_n and_o although_o '_o dress_n the_o ground_n with_o rich_a earth_n or_o dung_n may_v encourage_v the_o earth_n to_o put_v forth_o anew_o yet_o it_o will_v never_o answer_v the_o charge_n and_o soon_o return_v to_o moss_n again_o like_o a_o old_a overworn_a man_n who_o though_o he_o may_v get_v a_o little_a strength_n and_o warmth_n by_o mean_n of_o a_o plentiful_a and_o nourish_a diet_n yet_o as_o soon_o as_o that_o be_v withdraw_v nature_n relapse_n to_o its_o former_a state_n of_o languor_n and_o imbecility_n there_o be_v no_o other_o way_n then_o to_o destroy_v moss_n but_o by_o breaking-up_a such_o pasture_n and_o till_v it_o with_o corn_n for_o this_o bring_v up_o the_o mould_n which_o for_o a_o long_a time_n lay_v under_o the_o turf_n which_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o sun_n and_o dews_n quick_o acquire_v a_o prolific_a or_o vegetative_a virtue_n the_o divide_v of_o pasture-ground_n into_o little_a close_n be_v not_o the_o most_o profitable_a for_o beside_o the_o vexation_n and_o expense_n one_o will_v be_v at_o perpetual_o in_o make_v and_o repair_v such_o fence_n as_o also_o the_o loss_n of_o ground_n by_o hedge_n and_o ditch_n certain_a it_o be_v that_o cattle_n thrive_v far_o better_o in_o a_o large_a walk_n for_o the_o grass_n which_o grow_v under_o the_o dropping_n of_o tree_n be_v sour_a and_o trashy_a and_o in_o the_o summer-season_n when_o cattle_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o breeze_n they_o will_v not_o be_v so_o apt_a to_o break_v out_o where_o they_o have_v the_o liberty_n to_o range_v likewise_o it_o be_v much_o more_o easy_a to_o have_v water_n in_o a_o large_a field_n of_o forty_o acre_n than_o to_o furnish_v the_o same_o with_o water_n when_o divide_v into_o six_o or_o seven_o little_a ground_n sore_o in_o so_o great_a a_o space_n as_o a_o field_n of_o forty_o acre_n it_o be_v ten_o to_o one_o but_o we_o may_v find_v some_o one_o place_n which_o may_v serve_v the_o necessity_n of_o cattle_n but_o to_o find_v the_o like_a convenience_n in_o divers_a part_n or_o quarter_n of_o the_o same_o ground_n be_v very_o rare_a and_o difficult_a so_o that_o i_o dare_v bold_o affirm_v that_o a_o piece_n of_o ground_n of_o ten_o acre_n will_v keep_v a_o stock_n of_o cattle_n long_o than_o sour_a close_n of_o three_o acre_n each_o though_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o goodness_n for_o in_o lesser_a ground_n cattle_n quick_o walk_v over_o they_o and_o be_v sully_v and_o stain_v with_o their_o foot_n they_o will_v not_o care_v to_o feed_v thereon_o whereas_o in_o large_a field_n they_o have_v room_n to_o range_v and_o feed_v till_o the_o stain_a place_n be_v refresh_v with_o rain_n or_o with_o the_o dew_n chap._n iu._n of_o fence_n mound_n and_o fence_n be_v matter_n of_o great_a moment_n in_o husbandry_n and_o they_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n be_v either_o dead_a or_o quick_a dead_a fence_n be_v bank_n or_o bulwark_n of_o earth_n stone_n wall_n pale_n ditch_n or_o current_n of_o water_n and_o the_o like_a for_o unless_o these_o thing_n be_v put_v in_o good_a order_n all_o our_o industry_n about_o our_o pasturage_n and_o tillage_n will_v signify_v but_o little_a whilst_o they_o lie_v expose_v to_o trespassing_n and_o be_v as_o for_o bank_n of_o earth_n they_o be_v most_o use_v near_o city_n where_o it_o be_v impossible_a almost_o to_o raise_v a_o quickhedge_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a number_n of_o poor_a who_o inhabit_v the_o out-skirt_n who_o upon_o all_o occasion_n and_o especial_o in_o cold_a wether_n will_v make_v plunder_n of_o whatsoever_o be_v combustible_a the_o great_a multitude_n likewise_o of_o citizen_n and_o of_o idle_a person_n walk_v for_o their_o pleasure_n as_o also_o of_o gentleman_n and_o country_n people_n resort_v continual_o to_o city_n upon_o the_o score_n of_o markete_v and_o other_o business_n all_o enclosure_n of_o this_o kind_n will_v unavoidable_o be_v lay_v waist_n especial_o in_o the_o winter-season_n and_o it_o will_v require_v some_o year_n for_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o quickset-hedge_n whereas_o bank_n of_o earth_n be_v easy_o mend_v and_o not_o easy_o assault_v by_o horseman_n nor_o liable_a to_o be_v spoil_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o fuel_n such_o kind_n of_o fence_n be_v very_o proper_a for_o corn_n there_o be_v no_o harbour_n for_o bird_n nor_o shade_n but_o for_o pasturage_n they_o be_v not_o so_o convenient_a as_o afford_v neither_o shelter_n against_o the_o sun_n or_o weather_n fence_n of_o pale_n be_v use_v general_o about_o park_n the_o ruggedness_n of_o the_o cleft_n be_v very_o proper_a to_o hinder_v deer_n from_o break_v out_o it_o be_v easy_a also_o to_o open_v or_o shut_v a_o breach_n by_o remove_v or_o pin_v two_o or_o three_o pole_n a_o thing_n very_o convenient_a for_o a_o enclosure_n of_o chase_n stone_n wall_n be_v too_o chargeable_a unless_o in_o such_o place_n where_o the_o ground_n be_v natural_o dry_a and_o stony_a as_o on_o cotsall_n hill_n for_o there_o the_o stone_n lie_v in_o all_o place_n ready_a to_o hand_n there_o be_v no_o more_o to_o be_v do_v but_o to_o lay_v they_o orderly_o upon_o one_o another_o and_o this_o kind_n of_o stonework_n lay_v dry_a and_o without_o mortar_n will_v continue_v for_o age_n as_o for_o canal_n or_o stream_n of_o running-water_n they_o be_v the_o best_a boundary_n of_o all_o for_o beside_o the_o advantage_n derivable_a to_o the_o ground_n by_o water_v they_o afford_v infinite_a pleasure_n and_o profit_n by_o fish_n and_o serve_v the_o occasion_n of_o cattle_n and_o sometime_o also_o by_o traffic_n as_o in_o
perish_v at_o the_o heart_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o wet_a which_o soak_v in_o perpetual_o at_o the_o head_n nature_n enlarge_v they_o and_o endeavour_n to_o measure_v out_o their_o just_a period_n of_o duration_n by_o widen_v their_o side_n so_o that_o what_o will_v have_v be_v spend_v otherwise_o in_o the_o nourishment_n of_o great_a limb_n and_o branch_n be_v expend_v whole_o upon_o the_o trunk_n and_o so_o desirous_a be_v tree_n of_o live_v i_o mean_v in_o respect_n of_o their_o natural_a inclination_n that_o they_o will_v still_o preserve_v themselves_o in_o their_o vegetative_a station_n till_o all_o the_o heart_n and_o timber_n within_o be_v rot_v there_o remain_v perhaps_o nothing_o of_o they_o almost_o but_o the_o very_a shell_n or_o outward_a bark_n although_o oak_n be_v esteem_v with_o we_o as_o tree_n of_o great_a bulk_n yet_o be_v they_o far_o short_a of_o the_o cedar_n or_o of_o the_o fir_n of_o which_o i_o remember_v to_o have_v see_v on_o the_o wharf_n where_o the_o rhosne_fw-fr and_o the_o soan_n meet_v at_o lion_n firr-tree_n square_v full_o thirty_o yard_n or_o pace_n in_o length_n be_v at_o the_o butt_n near_o upon_o three_o foot_n square_a and_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a near_o the_o small_a end_n nevertheless_o oak_n have_v the_o pre-eminence_n of_o these_o and_o all_o other_o tree_n whatsoever_o as_o be_v more_o durable_a after_o cut_v and_o more_o serviceable_a in_o all_o respect_n and_o even_o for_o ship_n mast_n only_o except_v they_o be_v know_v by_o daily_a experience_n to_o withstand_v the_o battery_n of_o great_a gun_n much_o better_o than_o any_o other_o wood_n whatsoever_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o splinter_v like_o fir_n though_o perhaps_o the_o fir_n as_o be_v a_o light_a wood_n may_v be_v better_o for_o sail_v but_o this_o must_v be_v understand_v then_o of_o ketche_n or_o lesser_a frigate_n such_o as_o corsair_n use_v and_o not_o of_o great_a ship_n fit_a for_o fight_v and_o more_o eminent_a service_n ash_n be_v best_a raise_v from_o key_n sow_o or_o plant_v in_o a_o nursery_n they_o be_v not_o liable_a to_o the_o danger_n of_o field-mice_n and_o one_o ash_n transplant_v from_o a_o nursery_n shall_v grow_v more_o in_o two_o year_n than_o another_o of_o the_o same_o bigness_n take_v from_o a_o hedge_n or_o coppice_n shall_v in_o ten_o because_o those_o in_o nursery_n be_v better_o root_v these_o key_n of_o ash_n will_v be_v in_o the_o ground_n full_a two_o spring_n before_o they_o will_v peep_v forth_o and_o must_v be_v wed_v a_o little_a the_o first_o year_n and_o dig_v a_o little_a too_o if_o it_o may_v be_v do_v without_o injury_n though_o it_o be_v with_o a_o how_o or_o the_o point_n of_o a_o trovel_v ash_n in_o husbandry_n serve_v for_o spital_n or_o spade-tree_n for_o drocks_n and_o spindle_n for_o plow_n for_o hoop_n for_o helve_n and_o staff_n for_o all_o tool_n of_o husbandry_n as_o be_v tough_a smooth_a and_o light_n ash_n grow_v in_o hedge_n ought_v often_o to_o be_v crop_v for_o it_o grow_v to_o a_o head_n soon_o than_o any_o tree_n and_o be_v the_o sweet_a fir-wood_n of_o any_o be_v fit_a to_o burn_v as_o soon_o as_o cleave_v or_o cut_v beside_o tall_a ash_n be_v shake_v by_o the_o wind_n cast_v the_o rain_n or_o dew_n which_o fall_v upon_o they_o a_o great_a way_n upon_o the_o ground_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n so_o mischievous_a to_o grass_n or_o corn_n as_o the_o drop_v of_o a_o ash_n beech_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o straitness_n and_o smoothness_n of_o the_o wood_n be_v serviceable_a in_o many_o respect_n particular_o to_o wheel-wrights_a turner_n and_n joiner_n and_o be_v useful_a enough_o for_o building_n in_o several_a respect_n but_o that_o which_o give_v it_o the_o great_a reputation_n be_v that_o it_o grow_v in_o the_o poor_a and_o most_o barren_a ground_n if_o it_o be_v stony_a and_o mountainous_a so_o that_o the_o ground_n common_o where_o they_o thrive_v best_a be_v on_o the_o side_n of_o a_o stony_a rocky_a hill_n which_o otherwise_o will_v not_o be_v worth_a half_a a_o crown_n a_o acre_n of_o all_o tree_n almost_o it_o be_v hold_v the_o most_o beautiful_a for_o the_o freshness_n of_o its_o green_n for_o the_o straitness_n of_o its_o trunk_n and_o where_o they_o grow_v they_o kill_v all_o tender_a shrub_n and_o bramble_n by_o draw_v all_o the_o nourishment_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o themselves_o and_o yield_v therefore_o a_o most_o delightful_a shade_n and_o most_o fit_a for_o walk_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o almost_o all_o monastery_n and_o private_a house_n in_o france_n plant_v little_a walk_n of_o they_o in_o their_o garden_n in_o lop_n of_o tree_n it_o be_v very_o ill_a husbandry_n to_o do_v like_o some_o lazy_a workman_n who_o when_o they_o be_v to_o repair_v a_o hedge_n cut_v one_o stake_n here_o and_o another_o there_o from_o a_o tree_n as_o it_o lie_v convenient_a for_o their_o work_n for_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o shot_n or_o stub_n be_v kill_v by_o the_o drop_n of_o the_o over-hanging_a bough_n and_o the_o tree_n decay_v and_o will_v in_o a_o short_a time_n die_v as_o we_o see_v in_o tree_n which_o be_v half_o lop_v which_o at_o the_o best_a send_v forth_o but_o poor_a starve_v shoot_v let_v the_o tree_n therefore_o be_v crop_v in_o the_o winter-season_n and_o all_o together_o and_o it_o will_v shoot_v with_o a_o very_a lusty_a head_n and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n yield_v a_o large_a crop_n the_o over-hanging_n likewise_o of_o a_o hedge_n or_o of_o any_o other_o tree_n be_v very_o fatal_a to_o one_o new_o crop_v by_o cast_v always_o stain_v water_n upon_o it_o which_o in_o a_o short_a time_n will_v poison_v the_o tender_a shoot_v and_o kill_v the_o trunk_n some_o in_o crop_v or_o lop_n of_o tree_n leave_v the_o stub_n long_o to_o preserve_v the_o timber_n from_o knot_n but_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o such_o stub_n after_o two_o or_o three_o year_n will_v wither_v and_o decay_v or_o if_o not_o they_o will_v hardly_o grow_v forth_o to_o yield_v a_o second_o crop_n but_o in_o this_o point_n let_v every_o man_n follow_v his_o own_o observation_n asp_n ought_v to_o be_v lop_v with_o great_a care_n and_o discretion_n for_o if_o the_o top_n be_v cut_v off_o it_o will_v die_v infallible_o there_o must_v some_o branch_n be_v leave_v and_o that_o too_o in_o a_o considerable_a quantity_n to_o preserve_v the_o trunk_n but_o in_o case_n it_o die_v we_o may_v be_v sure_a i_o say_v of_o a_o whole_a forest_n round_o about_o the_o wither_a trunk_n which_o in_o due_a season_n may_v be_v transplant_v though_o such_o young_a tree_n be_v something_o hazardous_a among_o aqualick_n or_o tree_n which_o delight_n to_o grow_v near_o the_o water_n sally_n be_v as_o profitable_a as_o any_o can_v be_v plant_v and_o it_o be_v raise_v of_o stake_n or_o set_v it_o thrive_v almost_o in_o all_o soil_n and_o be_v a_o very_a quick_a grower_n and_o be_v most_o useful_a to_o make_v buckle_n for_o thatch_n as_o also_o for_o eddering_n or_o lay_n to_o bind_v the_o head_n of_o stake_n in_o hedge_n they_o may_v be_v crop_v every_o three_o year_n and_o a_o indifferent_a tree_n every_o lop_n will_v yield_v half_o a_o dray_n full_a of_o wood_n of_o tynnel_n so_o that_o once_o in_o three_o year_n every_o such_o tree_n shall_v yield_v so_o much_o crop_n as_o shall_v be_v worth_a half_a a_o crown_n in_o such_o place_n where_o wood_n bear_v any_o tolerable_a price_n we_o may_v plant_v a_o hundred_o such_o tree_n upon_o a_o acre_n without_o any_o great_a injury_n to_o the_o ground_n so_o that_o in_o place_n unfurnish_a with_o wood_n a_o spot_n of_o ground_n thus_o plant_v will_v quick_o come_v to_o perfection_n and_o serve_v all_o the_o occasion_n of_o a_o considerable_a farm_n upon_o which_o account_n i_o have_v always_o think_v a_o plantation_n of_o sally_n to_o be_v far_o more_o profitable_a than_o that_o of_o any_o fruit-tree_n whatsoever_o consider_v the_o quick_a and_o certain_a growth_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o long_a and_o hazardous_a progress_n of_o the_o other_o before_o it_o come_v to_o profit_n withy_n be_v much_o more_o difficult_a to_o raise_v than_o sally_n and_o grow_v best_a near_o the_o water_n and_o in_o a_o fat_a soil_n and_o especial_o in_o meadow_n and_o on_o the_o bank_n of_o a_o brook_n it_o serve_v for_o the_o same_o use_v as_o sally_n the_o young_a twig_n also_o be_v very_o serviceable_a to_o basket-maker_n and_o for_o bind_v of_o tugg_n in_o thatch_n i_o have_v observe_v the_o settling_n of_o withy_n to_o thrive_v for_o a_o year_n or_o two_o and_o then_o common_o they_o die_v that_o side_n wither_v which_o be_v towards_o the_o south_n sun_n the_o reason_n whereof_o i_o be_o yet_o to_o learn_v unless_o it_o be_v from_o hence_o viz._n that_o the_o hole_n in_o which_o we_o plant_v a_o
in_o the_o wide_a and_o open_a field_n so_o that_o we_o may_v ride_v every_o where_n through_o plain_n of_o corn_n a_o mile_n or_o two_o every_o way_n plant_v in_o cross-walks_a and_o in_o double_a rank_n border_v upon_o the_o corn_n on_o each_o side_n with_o a_o fine_a carpet_n of_o grass_n like_o a_o alley_n of_o twenty_o yard_n breadth_n betwixt_o the_o rank_n such_o walk_n run_v many_o time_n in_o a_o straight_a line_n for_o a_o mile_n or_o more_o together_o which_o be_v wonderful_a delightful_a the_o reason_n why_o they_o be_v not_o in_o such_o danger_n of_o blast_n as_o we_o be_v here_o in_o england_n be_v from_o the_o clearness_n of_o the_o air_n the_o country_n be_v general_o sandy_a and_o the_o wind_n more_o cool_v as_o come_v from_o the_o continent_n or_o the_o britannic_a sea_n which_o lie_v north_n of_o they_o whereas_o with_o we_o the_o island_n we_o live_v in_o be_v more_o subject_n to_o inequality_n of_o wether_n and_o our_o western_a wind_n which_o reign_v almost_o half_a the_o year_n by_o interval_n be_v always_o hot_a as_o come_v from_o the_o main_a ocean_n in_o those_o part_n of_o england_n i_o mean_v which_o be_v in_o reputation_n for_o cider_n for_o the_o river_n severne_v run_v south-west_n and_o widen_v itself_o in_o a_o very_a great_a measure_n the_o near_a it_o draw_v to_o the_o sea_n the_o wind_n come_v up_o the_o river_n as_o it_o be_v convey_v by_o a_o channel_n be_v restrain_v or_o pen_v betwixt_o the_o forest_n and_o cotswold-hill_n for_o which_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o gloucester_n worcester_z and_o hereford-shire_n the_o three_o most_o celebrate_a county_n of_o england_n for_o fruit_n lie_v in_o a_o manner_n expose_v to_o the_o full_a stroke_n of_o these_o south-west_n wind_n which_o indeed_o be_v more_o furious_a and_o boisterous_a than_o any_o other_o wind_n with_o we_o as_o blow_v from_o the_o main_a ocean_n as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o tunnell_n without_o any_o eminence_n or_o tract_n of_o land_n to_o break_v its_o violence_n which_o be_v hot_a likewise_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o southern_a coast_n from_o whence_o they_o come_v than_o those_o of_o any_o other_o quarter_n and_o at_o such_o time_n as_o the_o air_n be_v thick_a and_o foggy_a as_o general_o it_o be_v in_o our_o northern_a island_n the_o heat_n meet_v with_o such_o a_o impure_a air_n beget_v a_o adust_a gloomy_a kind_n of_o vapour_n like_a to_o smoke_n which_o the_o peasant_n call_v a_o red_a wind_n and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o blast_n and_o destroy_v the_o tender_a fruit_n and_o blossom_n in_o a_o plantation_n or_o orchard_n likewise_o great_a regard_n be_v to_o be_v have_v to_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o tree_n in_o a_o large_a plantation_n for_o the_o purpose_n i_o will_v not_o have_v they_o to_o be_v set_v near_o than_o twenty_o pace_n to_o one_o another_o nor_o wide_a than_o thirty_o that_o so_o there_o may_v be_v space_n for_o the_o tree_n to_o spread_v and_o for_o the_o corn_n to_o grow_v likewise_o i_o will_v have_v the_o ground_n lay_v down_o plain_a and_o not_o in_o furrow_n or_o ridge_n because_o of_o set_v the_o rank_n straight_o and_o at_o a_o equal_a distance_n which_o those_o who_o plant_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o plowed_a land_n can_v do_v be_v oblige_v to_o follow_v the_o turn_n and_o wind_n of_o the_o ridge_n and_o after_o the_o stock_n be_v well_o root_v as_o in_o two_o or_o three_o year_n time_n they_o will_v be_v then_o plough_v up_o the_o ground_n for_o tillage_n be_v the_o best_a method_n imaginable_a to_o bring_v on_o a_o orchard_n for_o tree_n will_v thrive_v more_o in_o two_o year_n on_o plowed_a ground_n than_o in_o five_o year_n on_o pasture_n moreover_o in_o plant_v these_o rule_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v one_a to_o put_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o old_a black_a mould_n to_o the_o root_n of_o the_o stock_n and_o to_o work_v it_o in_o well_o with_o the_o hand_n betwixt_o the_o joint_n and_o string_n of_o the_o root_n who_o branch_n must_v be_v cut_v slant_v underneath_o so_o that_o the_o bark_n may_v cover_v they_o otherwise_o they_o will_v rot_v two_o the_o earth_n must_v be_v tread_v down_o very_o close_o for_o if_o it_o lie_v hollow_a the_o root_n in_o summer_n will_v be_v dry_v up_o and_o in_o winter_n it_o will_v retain_v water_n which_o when_o freeze_v will_v kill_v the_o root_n three_o let_v all_o stock_n be_v plant_v lean_v towards_o the_o south-west_n the_o wind_n of_o which_o quarter_n be_v long_o and_o more_o violent_a than_o any_o other_o wind_n whatsoever_o and_o will_v make_v a_o stock_n set_v upright_o to_o grow_v irregular_a and_o crooked_a whereas_o by_o this_o method_n the_o force_n of_o the_o wind_n will_v bring_v what_o be_v lean_v against_o it_o more_o and_o more_o towards_o a_o upright_a and_o enable_v the_o tree_n to_o stand_v firm_a against_o the_o fury_n of_o these_o western_a shock_n four_o in_o stake_n they_o great_a care_n must_v be_v take_v that_o the_o stake_n do_v not_o gall_n or_o bruise_v the_o tree_n as_o for_o briere_a or_o thorning_n they_o it_o be_v superfluous_a except_o in_o such_o place_n where_o cattle_n go_v and_o for_o such_o orchard_n they_o will_v come_v to_o little_a for_o do_v what_o we_o can_v the_o cattle_n will_v some_o time_n or_o other_o browse_v they_o and_o in_o ground_n not_o plow_v the_o stock_n will_v come_v on_o very_o poor_o they_o therefore_o who_o love_v good_a orchard_n must_v keep_v their_o ground_n in_o tillage_n always_o and_o by_o this_o mean_n turn_v in_o fresh_a mould_n to_o the_o root_n so_o that_o here_o be_v no_o need_n of_o thorn_n where_o cattle_n be_v not_o suppose_v to_o go_v it_o be_v not_o good_a for_o the_o first_o or_o second_o year_n after_o a_o stock_n be_v graft_v to_o prune_v off_o the_o sucker_n for_o the_o tender_a graft_n not_o be_v strong_a enough_o of_o themselves_o to_o draw_v up_o the_o sap_n the_o tree_n of_o necessity_n must_v wither_v and_o die_v this_o i_o have_v find_v by_o often_o experience_n so_o that_o many_o time_n the_o grafter_n be_v condemn_v when_o the_o fault_n lie_v in_o the_o superfluous_a curiosity_n of_o the_o husbandman_n but_o where_o the_o cyon_n or_o graft_n be_v grow_v big_a enough_o to_o draw_v up_o the_o sap_n in_o such_o a_o proportion_n as_o may_v keep_v the_o trunk_n of_o the_o stock_n green_a and_o flourish_a then_o off_o with_o the_o sucker_n likewise_o it_o be_v a_o very_a excellent_a way_n to_o nip_v the_o shoot_v of_o the_o first_o year_n for_o beside_o that_o crow_n will_v be_v apt_a to_o perch_v upon_o such_o tender_a shoot_v and_o break_v they_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o such_o high_a weak_a shoot_v be_v very_o liable_a to_o be_v shake_v by_o the_o wind_n and_o in_o the_o winter-season_n to_o be_v pinch_v by_o the_o cold_a and_o frost_n which_o will_v much_o endanger_v the_o graft_n especial_o if_o the_o wind_n in_o march_n be_v any_o thing_n severe_a for_o such_o branch_n will_v either_o wither_v or_o be_v canker_a as_o i_o have_v observe_v from_o the_o cold_a wind_n and_o frost_n in_o march_n 93_o 94_o and_o especial_o 96_o which_o be_v the_o most_o unkind_a season_n for_o fruit-tree_n which_o have_v happen_v in_o any_o age._n the_o midsummer-shoot_a for_o the_o same_o reason_n be_v much_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o that_o of_o the_o spring_n for_o they_o come_v forth_o short_a and_o bushy_a and_o by_o the_o next_o year_n will_v be_v strong_a enough_o to_o resist_v any_o ordinary_a shock_n of_o wind_n and_o wether_n and_o be_v out_o of_o all_o danger_n from_o the_o perch_a of_o crow_n good_a daub_v likewise_o be_v of_o great_a moment_n to_o a_o tree_n for_o if_o the_o cleft_n be_v not_o well_o secure_v from_o wet_a the_o tree_n will_v be_v in_o danger_n so_o that_o as_o often_o as_o the_o clay_n or_o mortar_n be_v wash_v or_o wear_v off_o it_o shall_v be_v renew_v again_o till_o the_o bark_n cover_v it_o likewise_o if_o a_o tree_n be_v graft_v with_o two_o cyon_n it_o be_v best_o to_o pare_v off_o one_o of_o they_o close_o to_o the_o head_n of_o the_o stock_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o graft_n come_v to_o any_o bigness_n for_o they_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o grow_v one_o within_o another_o and_o so_o be_v canker_a the_o reason_n therefore_o of_o put_v two_o graft_n into_o the_o incision_n be_v for_o the_o better_a security_n in_o case_n one_o shall_v fail_v as_o also_o to_o draw_v up_o the_o sap_n in_o great_a plenty_n though_o i_o hold_v it_o absolute_o safe_a to_o graft_v in_o the_o nursery_n with_o a_o single_a graft_n upon_o a_o young_a slender_a stock_n for_o such_o rare_o miscarry_v and_o the_o cleft_n be_v soon_o skin_v over_o the_o sap_n likewise_o be_v more_o easy_o draw_v up_o and_o the_o branch_n will_v shoot_v far_o enough_o asunder_o without_o danger_n of_o
twist_v one_o within_o another_o the_o malady_n to_o which_o fruit-tree_n be_v subject_a be_v first_o moss_n and_o this_o proceed_v either_o from_o old_a age_n and_o then_o it_o be_v incurable_a or_o from_o the_o bend_n of_o the_o bark_n the_o remedy_n whereof_o be_v lance_v or_o else_o dig_v about_o the_o root_n in_o winter_n but_o if_o moss_n proceed_v from_o the_o wetness_n of_o the_o soil_n i_o hold_v it_o likewise_o to_o be_v incurable_a scrape_v or_o burn_v of_o the_o moss_n with_o straw_n may_v serve_v for_o a_o time_n but_o it_o will_v return_v again_o as_o long_o as_o the_o cause_n remain_v the_o canker_n be_v another_o disease_n incident_a to_o tree_n if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o branch_n i_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o incurable_a for_o the_o canker_a branch_n be_v cut_v off_o the_o after-shoots_a will_n likewise_o be_v canker_a till_o you_o pare_v away_o all_o the_o branch_n esteem_v therefore_o such_o a_o tree_n to_o be_v fit_a for_o nothing_o but_o the_o fire_n this_o disease_n many_o time_n proceed_v from_o the_o wound_n which_o the_o tender_a shoot_v of_o a_o new-grafted_n tree_n receive_v from_o thorn_n grow_v or_o stick_v near_o about_o it_o but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o always_o for_o some_o tree_n will_v be_v canker_a do_v we_o what_o we_o can_v many_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o canker_n proceed_v from_o the_o rankness_n of_o the_o ground_n or_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o fruit_n so_o that_o graft_n cut_v from_o a_o canker_a tree_n will_v prove_v canker_a likewise_o this_o i_o can_v speak_v to_o by_o experience_n only_o that_o where_o a_o canker_n be_v in_o the_o body_n of_o a_o stock_n as_o it_o happen_v frequent_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o bruise_n or_o rasure_n from_o the_o blow_n harrow_n trace_n and_o the_o like_a the_o best_a way_n be_v with_o a_o sharp-pointed_a knife_n to_o cut_v round_o about_o it_o to_o the_o quick_a and_o it_o will_v stop_v from_o go_v far_o and_o yield_v a_o new_a rind_n or_o tender_a bark_n otherwise_o if_o the_o sap_n be_v stir_v the_o bark_n will_v peel_n and_o loosen_v much_o far_a than_o the_o bruise_v and_o wither_v away_o to_o the_o great_a danger_n of_o the_o stock_n therefore_o after_o the_o incision_n round_o about_o the_o bruise_v let_v the_o naked_a place_n be_v cover_v with_o earth_n and_o cowdung_n mix_v and_o bind_v about_o with_o a_o twist_n of_o hay_n daub_v with_o cowdung_n likewise_o and_o after_o a_o year_n or_o two_o the_o breach_n will_v be_v cure_v and_o sometime_o be_v entire_o skin_v over_o with_o a_o new_a rind_n i_o have_v observe_v the_o canker_n likewise_o to_o proceed_v from_o the_o extremity_n of_o wether_n or_o bitter_a wind_n about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o march_n at_o such_o time_n as_o the_o tree_n by_o the_o precedent_a season_n which_o have_v be_v very_o mild_a be_v in_o the_o fair_a way_n to_o make_v we_o hope_v for_o a_o blessing_n so_o that_o the_o sap_n be_v then_o stir_v upward_o and_o thus_o arrest_v by_o the_o unusual_a severity_n of_o the_o spring_n the_o tree_n themselves_o have_v be_v much_o mortify_v and_o especial_o such_o young_a one_o as_o have_v not_o be_v graft_v above_o three_o or_o four_o year_n all_o which_o i_o have_v find_v by_o woeful_a experience_n in_o the_o year_n 1694_o when_o of_o above_o a_o hundred_o young_a tree_n graft_v in_o my_o nursery_n and_o orchard_n i_o give_v above_o one_o half_a of_o they_o for_o irrecoverable_o lose_v which_o damage_n of_o be_v canker-eaten_a they_o receive_v the_o two_o precedent_a spring_n which_o be_v the_o most_o rigorous_a for_o cold_a wind_n that_o ever_o be_v know_v we_o may_v observe_v in_o tree_n that_o be_v canker_a in_o the_o branch_n that_o though_o you_o cut_v it_o off_o to_o the_o quick_a there_o will_v be_v a_o little_a eye_n or_o speck_n in_o the_o remain_a branch_n like_o the_o speck_n in_o the_o corn_n upon_o the_o ear_n which_o run_v deep_o and_o deep_o till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o body_n and_o then_o hold_v such_o a_o tree_n to_o be_v good_a for_o nothing_o but_o the_o fire_n but_o in_o case_n it_o have_v not_o enter_v too_o far_o possible_o the_o tree_n or_o stock_n may_v be_v save_v by_o regraft_v it_o with_o a_o winter_n quinnin_n a_o bodenam-crab_n or_o the_o apple_n we_o call_v a_o boon-apple_n as_o likewise_o the_o golden-pippin_n for_o these_o i_o observe_v never_o to_o canker_n i_o have_v thus_o regraft_v divers_a but_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o have_v time_n to_o see_v the_o effect_n have_v make_v the_o experiment_n but_o this_o year_n 97._o the_o apple_n we_o call_v a_o woodcock_n be_v no_o way_n apt_a to_o canker_n as_o i_o have_v find_v by_o experience_n and_o for_o this_o reason_n ought_v to_o be_v high_o esteem_v as_o well_o as_o for_o its_o excellent_a liquor_n be_v likewise_o a_o great_a and_o constant_a bearer_n and_o not_o subject_a to_o be_v blast_v these_o sort_n of_o fruit_n be_v very_o apt_a to_o canker_n viz._n the_o bromstraw-crab_n the_o white_a red_a and_o red-sided_n muss_n the_o sweet-pipin_n so_o that_o where_o any_o of_o these_o tree_n be_v infect_v with_o this_o disease_n let_v they_o be_v new_o graft_v if_o not_o too_o far_o go_v in_o which_o case_n let_v they_o be_v dug_n up_o the_o wind_n in_o winter_n be_v general_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v very_o helpful_a to_o tree_n in_o order_n to_o make_v they_o fruitful_a by_o loosen_v the_o earth_n about_o their_o root_n if_o tree_n be_v unthrifty_a as_o in_o orchard_n unplowed_a it_o often_o happen_v their_o root_n must_v be_v uncover_v about_o christmas_n till_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o february_n or_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n put_v in_o some_o old_a rot_a dung_n well_o temper_v with_o the_o earth_n and_o close-trod_a down_o or_o ash_n mix_v with_o earth_n and_o the_o like_a aunt_n be_v very_o pernicious_a to_o tree_n and_o be_v destroy_v by_o dig_v and_o put_v soot_n to_o the_o root_n lime_n be_v find_v to_o be_v a_o very_a great_a enemy_n to_o orchard_n there_o not_o be_v half_o the_o fruit_n as_o former_o since_o this_o way_n of_o help_a ground_n for_o corn_n have_v be_v practise_v so_o that_o even_o the_o tree_n themselves_o dwindle_v and_o decay_v nay_o i_o may_v confident_o affirm_v notwithstanding_o the_o humour_n of_o plant_v in_o this_o present_a age_n that_o there_o be_v not_o half_a the_o cider_n make_v as_o be_v about_o thirty_o year_n ago_o the_o foresay_a lime_v of_o land_n and_o the_o many_o severe_a spring_n we_o have_v have_v of_o late_a year_n be_v the_o true_a and_o natural_a cause_n of_o such_o decay_n i_o will_v advise_v all_o lover_n of_o fruit-tree_n to_o have_v a_o little_a plantation_n near_o there_o house_n and_o this_o to_o be_v close_o set_v with_o tree_n not_o above_o ten_o yard_n asunder_o so_o that_o in_o a_o acre_n of_o ground_n thus_o plant_v there_o will_v grow_v a_o hundred_o tree_n the_o reason_n of_o such_o a_o plantation_n be_v this_o that_o when_o the_o low_a plantation_n or_o orchard_n be_v blast_v this_o may_v supply_v that_o loss_n for_o tree_n grow_v close_o together_o be_v apt_a to_o save_v one_o another_o and_o to_o shelter_v themselves_o from_o the_o frost_n cold_a wind_n and_o blast_n beside_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o the_o dwellinghouse_n barn_n and_o other_o outhouse_n will_v afford_v security_n likewise_o it_o be_v true_a such_o little_a orchard_n can_v be_v plow_v where_o the_o tree_n stand_v so_o thick_a in_o this_o case_n therefore_o the_o ground_n must_v be_v dug_n which_o method_n though_o it_o be_v more_o expensive_a will_v turn_v to_o the_o great_a advantage_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o return_v a_o plentiful_a crop_n of_o bean_n or_o other_o garden-stuff_n and_o upon_o this_o account_v it_o be_v that_o tree_n grow_v in_o garden_n or_o near_o a_o house_n in_o such_o order_n as_o i_o have_v describe_v prosper_v very_o well_o when_o other_o be_v smite_v it_o be_v good_a likewise_o to_o have_v tree_n grow_v in_o hedge_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n for_o such_o hedge_n will_v shelter_v they_o from_o the_o bluster_a wind_n and_o from_o the_o nip_a frost_n and_o although_o such_o hedge-rowes_a do_v not_o yield_v so_o large_a a_o crop_n and_o be_v troublesome_a to_o be_v glean_v yet_o it_o be_v good_a to_o have_v some_o though_o in_o a_o lesser_a quantity_n when_o the_o large_a plantation_n shall_v miscarry_v i_o must_v confess_v that_o tree_n plant_v in_o hedge_n row_v be_v not_o very_o prosperous_a unless_o on_o a_o light_n sandy_n aâ—d_a decline_a bank_n where_o the_o water_n may_v run_v off_o quick_o out_o of_o the_o ditch_n or_o rather_o where_o there_o be_v no_o ditch_n at_o all_o for_o where_o there_o be_v ditch_n and_o on_o a_o level_n the_o water_n be_v apt_a to_o lie_v long_o in_o the_o winter_n time_n and_o stain_v the_o root_n for_o remedy_n
upward_o which_o in_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o year_n the_o common_a measure_n of_o a_o age_n may_v amount_v i_o say_v in_o the_o sum_n total_a to_o the_o number_n of_o four_o or_o five_o hundred_o thousand_o the_o number_n of_o house_n as_o they_o stand_v at_o present_a in_o the_o city_n and_o precinct_n of_o london_n westminster_n and_o southwark_n may_v be_v compute_v to_o a_o mount_n to_o forty_o thousand_o for_o as_o for_o the_o great_a building_n or_o house_n such_o as_o the_o palace_n royal_a the_o inn_n of_o court_n of_o chancery_n and_o some_o nobleman_n house_n they_o must_v not_o here_o be_v reckon_v as_o single_a foundation_n or_o house_n since_o some_o of_o they_o may_v contain_v the_o building_n of_o twenty_o forty_o or_o perhaps_o one_o hundred_o private_a house_n of_o the_o middle_a order_n such_o as_o those_o which_o belong_v to_o tradesman_n or_o shopkeeper_n let_v the_o common_a standard_n therefore_o or_o measure_v of_o a_o house_n be_v such_o a_o one_o as_o contain_v nine_o chimney_n for_o where_o there_o be_v one_o that_o have_v more_o there_o be_v five_o which_o have_v less_o so_o that_o the_o excess_n viz._n of_o the_o great_a house_n on_o the_o one_o hand_n weigh_v against_o the_o defect_n on_o the_o other_o viz._n the_o great_a number_n of_o small_a building_n in_o private_a ally_n and_o the_o out-skirt_n of_o the_o city_n most_o of_o which_o have_v not_o above_o five_o or_o six_o chimney_n to_o a_o house_n i_o say_v upon_o such_o a_o allowance_n as_o be_v here_o make_v we_o may_v reasonable_o pitch_v upon_o nine_o chimney_n to_o be_v the_o common_a proportion_n of_o every_o house_n one_o with_o another_o and_o than_o the_o sum_n total_a of_o the_o chimney_n may_v be_v about_o three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o thousand_o if_o we_o allow_v yearly_o therefore_o to_o every_o chimney_n one_o good_a load_n of_o wood_n or_o charcoal_n or_o something_o more_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o london_n will_v require_v about_o four_o hundred_o thousand_o load_v of_o wood_n yearly_a to_o supply_v its_o occasion_n and_o from_o this_o too_o we_o may_v make_v a_o considerable_a defalkment_n when_o we_o shall_v consider_v what_o a_o great_a number_n there_o be_v of_o brewer_n dyer_n hatter_n with_o such_o like_a smoky_a occupation_n all_o which_o require_v a_o strong_a and_o more_o constant_a heat_n such_o as_o that_o of_o sea-coal-fire_n which_o profession_n also_o be_v noisome_a in_o themselves_o and_o dangerous_a to_o their_o neighbour_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o many_o casualty_n of_o fire_n to_o which_o they_o be_v more_o obnoxious_a it_o will_v be_v very_o safe_a and_o convenient_a if_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o settle_v on_o the_o far_a side_n the_o water_n which_o will_v very_o much_o contribute_v to_o the_o health_n and_o security_n of_o the_o city_n so_o that_o upon_o a_o allowance_n of_o our_o furnace-gentleman_n to_o use_v sea-coal_n as_o also_o for_o the_o son_n of_o vulcan_n our_o little_a forge-man_n and_o smith_n which_o require_v to_o be_v disperse_v up_o and_o down_o the_o town_n to_o some_o necessary_a occasion_n we_o may_v reasonable_o believe_v that_o about_o three_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o thousand_o good_a load_v of_o wood_n of_o a_o tun_n to_o each_o load_n will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o answer_v the_o occasion_n of_o this_o city_n it_o be_v true_a a_o nobleman_n house_n and_o where_o there_o be_v much_o of_o the_o kitchen_n will_v require_v thirty_o or_o forty_o load_v of_o wood_n but_o then_o we_o must_v consider_v that_o for_o one_o nobleman_n house_n there_o be_v eight_o or_o ten_o small_a house_n of_o about_o four_o or_o five_o chimney_n which_o will_v be_v supply_v with_o four_o or_o five_o load_v commodious_o so_o that_o regard_n be_v have_v still_o to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o house_n the_o quantity_n of_o wood_n before_o mention_v will_v be_v sufficient_a and_o so_o much_o the_o rather_o because_o that_o in_o the_o summer_n time_n most_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n retire_v into_o the_o country_n our_o next_o enquiry_n then_o will_v be_v where_o to_o find_v such_o a_o quantity_n of_o wood_n as_o be_v here_o pitch_v upon_o to_o this_o end_n and_o purpose_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v in_o the_o first_o place_n what_o quantity_n of_o wood_n grow_v usual_o upon_o a_o acre_n of_o ground_n a_o acre_n then_o of_o coppice-wood_n of_o about_o twelve_o or_o thirteen_o year_n growth_n if_o moderate_o well_o store_v will_v yield_v about_o threescore_o cord_n or_o load_v of_o wood_n each_o cord_n or_o load_n be_v eight_o foot_n in_o length_n five_o foot_n six_o inch_n in_o height_n and_o three_o foot_n in_o thickness_n or_o length_n of_o the_o billet_n close_o lay_v together_o so_o that_o one_o acre_n of_o good_a wood-land_n will_v yield_v yearly_a about_o five_o load_v of_o wood_n more_o or_o less_o and_o then_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o about_o sixty_o thousand_o acre_n of_o land_n well_o plant_v with_o wood_n will_v afford_v we_o the_o quantity_n we_o be_v now_o seek_v these_o part_n of_o sussex_n and_o kent_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o tunbridge_n wells_n and_o rye_n which_o be_v about_o thirty_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o of_o a_o breadth_n proportionable_a be_v almost_o all_o wood_n great_a part_n of_o buckinghamshire_n of_o oxfordshire_n and_o berkshire_n abound_v with_o vast_a number_n of_o wood_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v also_o of_o other_o place_n border_v upon_o the_o road_n of_o london_n from_o all_o which_o place_n to_o london_n we_o have_v a_o most_o easy_a conveyance_n by_o water_n as_o well_o upward_o by_o the_o tide_n as_o downward_o by_o the_o stream_n for_o so_o it_o be_v that_o the_o part_n near_o border_v on_o the_o thames_n and_o medway_n be_v most_o productive_a of_o wood_n or_o if_o there_o be_v occasion_n for_o a_o land-carriage_n so_o hard_o so_o capacious_a and_o level_a be_v the_o road_n as_o be_v not_o where_o to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o england_n what_o quantity_n of_o wood_n this_o may_v amount_v to_o be_v hard_o to_o compute_v but_o without_o all_o dispute_n it_o far_o exceed_v the_o quantity_n require_v to_o serve_v the_o occasion_n of_o london_n especial_o if_o the_o iron-work_n those_o great_a devourer_n of_o wood_n be_v make_v to_o keep_v their_o due_a distance_n but_o in_o regard_n that_o london_n be_v not_o the_o only_a mouth_n which_o be_v to_o be_v feed_v with_o this_o fiery_a food_n there_o be_v some_o consideration_n to_o be_v have_v to_o the_o necessity_n and_o occasion_n of_o the_o neighbour_a place_n we_o must_v be_v allow_v more_o ground_n than_o what_o be_v at_o this_o day_n plant_v with_o wood_n and_o this_o we_o shall_v not_o be_v long_o a_o seek_n for_o if_o we_o consider_v of_o the_o great_a number_n of_o heath_n waste_v ground_n and_o commons_o which_o lie_v every_o way_n within_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o mile_n of_o london_n it_o may_v reasonable_o be_v compute_v to_o be_v fifteen_o or_o twenty_o thousand_o acre_n all_o which_o at_o present_a be_v not_o worth_a five_o shilling_n a_o acre_n be_v stock_v only_o with_o rascally_a sheep_n and_o goose_n let_v we_o suppose_v then_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o be_v raise_v in_o favour_n of_o this_o or_o some_o such_o like_a design_n for_o without_o the_o allmightiness_n of_o a_o parliament_n no_o great_a and_o public_a work_n can_v ever_o come_v to_o any_o maturity_n this_o project_n than_o must_v be_v build_v upon_o these_o ground_n and_o first_o in_o order_n to_o a_o enclosure_n let_v all_o the_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o commoner_n be_v bring_v in_o at_o such_o a_o rate_n or_o purchase_n as_o the_o supreme_a authority_n of_o the_o nation_n shall_v think_v fit_a for_o to_o deprive_v any_o one_o of_o his_o right_n and_o privilege_n without_o due_a compensation_n make_v be_v very_o unjust_a as_o doubtless_o it_o be_v most_o just_a so_o to_o do_v when_o it_o shall_v redound_v to_o the_o great_a benefit_n of_o the_o public_a without_o any_o detriment_n to_o 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