cudgel_n coal_n and_o spring_n to_o catch_v bird_n and_o it_o make_v one_o of_o the_o best_a coal_n once_o use_v for_o gunpowder_n be_v very_o fine_a and_o light_n till_o they_o find_v alder_a to_o be_v more_o fit_a there_o be_v no_o wood_n which_o purify_v wine_n soon_o than_o the_o chip_n of_o hasel_n also_o for_o vvith_n and_o band_n upon_o which_o i_o remember_v pliny_n think_v it_o a_o pretty_a speculation_n that_o a_o wood_n shall_v be_v strong_a to_o bind_v withal_o be_v bruise_v and_o divide_v then_o when_o whole_a and_o entire_a last_o for_o ride_v switch_n and_o divinatory_a rod_n for_o the_o detect_n and_o find_v out_o of_o mineral_n at_o least_o if_o that_o tradition_n be_v no_o imposture_n but_o the_o most_o signal_n honour_v it_o be_v ever_o employ_v in_o and_o which_o may_v deserve_o exalt_v this_o humble_a and_o common_a plant_n above_o all_o the_o tree_n of_o the_o wood_n be_v that_o of_o hurdle_n not_o for_o that_o it_o be_v general_o use_v for_o the_o fold_v of_o our_o innocent_a sheep_n a_o emblem_n of_o the_o church_n but_o for_o make_v the_o walk_n of_o one_o of_o the_o first_o christian_n oratory_n in_o the_o world_n and_o particular_o in_o this_o island_n that_o venerable_a and_o sacred_a fabric_n at_o glastenbury_n found_v by_o s._n joseph_n of_o arimathea_n which_o be_v story_v to_o have_v be_v first_o compose_v but_o of_o a_o few_o small_a hasel-rod_n interweave_v about_o certain_a stake_n drive_v into_o the_o ground_n and_o wall_n of_o this_o kind_n in_o stead_n of_o lath_n and_o punchion_n superinduce_v with_o a_o course_n mortar_n make_v of_o loam_n and_o straw_n do_v to_o this_o day_n enclose_v divers_a humble_a cottage_n sheads_n and_o outhouse_n in_o the_o country_n and_o it_o be_v strong_a and_o last_a for_o such_o purpose_n whole_a or_o cleave_v and_o i_o have_v see_v ample_a enclosure_n of_o court_n and_o garden_n so_o secure_v 6._o there_o be_v a_o compendious_a expedient_a for_o the_o thicken_a of_o copse_n which_o be_v too_o transparent_a by_o lay_v of_o a_o sampler_n or_o pole_n of_o a_o hazel_n ash_n poplar_n etc._n etc._n of_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o foot_n in_o length_n the_o head_n a_o little_a lop_v into_o the_o ground_n giving_z it_o a_o chap_v near_o the_o foot_n to_o make_v it_o succumb_v this_o fasten_v to_o the_o earth_n with_o a_o hook_n or_o two_o and_o cover_v with_o some_o fresh_a mould_n at_o a_o competent_a depth_n as_o gardener_n lay_v their_o carnation_n will_v produce_v a_o world_n of_o sucker_n thicken_v and_o furnish_v a_o copse_n speedy_o but_o i_o be_o now_o come_v to_o the_o waterside_n let_v we_o next_o consider_v the_o aquatic_a chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o poplar_n aspen_n and_o abele_n poplar_n 1._o populus_fw-la i_o begin_v this_o second_o class_n according_a to_o our_o former_a distribution_n with_o the_o poplar_n of_o which_o there_o be_v several_a kind_n white_a black_a etc._n etc._n which_o in_o candy_n it_o be_v report_v bear_v seed_n beside_o the_o aspen_n the_o white_a be_v the_o most_o ordinary_a with_o we_o to_o be_v raise_v in_o abundance_n by_o every_o set_a or_o slip_v fence_v the_o ground_n as_o far_o as_o any_o old_a poplar_n root_v extend_v they_o will_v furnish_v you_o with_o sucker_n innumerable_a to_o be_v slip_v from_o their_o mother_n and_o transplant_v the_o very_a first_o year_n you_o shall_v need_v no_o other_o nursery_n when_o they_o be_v young_a their_o leaf_n be_v somewhat_o broad_a and_o round_a than_o when_o they_o grow_v age_v in_o moist_a and_o boggy_a place_n they_o will_v flourish_v wonderful_o so_o the_o ground_n be_v not_o spew_v but_o especial_o near_o the_o margin_n and_o bank_n of_o river_n populus_fw-la in_o fluviis_fw-la and_o in_o low_a sweet_a and_o fertile_a ground_n also_o truncheon_n of_o seven_o or_o eight_o foot_n long_o thrust_v two_o foot_n into_o the_o earth_n a_o hole_n be_v make_v with_o a_o sharp_a hard_a stake_n fill_v with_o water_n and_o then_o with_o fine_a earth_n press_v in_o and_o close_a about_o they_o when_o once_o root_v may_v be_v cut_v at_o six_o inch_n above_o ground_n and_o thus_o place_v at_o a_o yard_n distant_a they_o will_v immediate_o furnish_v a_o kind_n of_o copse_n but_o in_o case_n you_o plant_v they_o of_o root_a tree_n or_o small_a set_n fix_v they_o not_o so_o deep_a for_o though_o we_o bury_v the_o truncheon_n thus_o profound_a yet_o be_v the_o root_n which_o they_o strike_v common_o but_o shallow_a they_o will_v make_v prodigious_a shoot_v in_o 15_o or_o 16_o year_n but_o then_o the_o head_n must_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v diminish_v but_o the_o low_a branch_n may_v yet_o not_o too_o far_o up_o the_o foot_n will_v also_o be_v cleanse_v every_o second_o year_n this_o for_o the_o white_a the_o black_a poplar_n be_v frequent_o pollare_v when_o as_o big_a as_o one_o arm_n eight_o or_o nine_o foot_n from_o the_o ground_n as_o they_o trim_v they_o in_o italy_n for_o their_o vine_n to_o serpent_n on_o and_o those_o they_o poll_v or_o head_n every_o second_o year_n spare_v the_o middle_n straight_a and_o thrivinge_a shoot_n and_o at_o the_o three_o year_n cut_v he_o also_o 2._o the_o shade_n of_o this_o tree_n be_v esteem_v very_o wholesome_a in_o summer_n and_o the_o leave_v good_a for_o cattle_n which_o must_v be_v strip_v from_o the_o cut_a bough_n before_o they_o be_v faggot_v this_o to_o be_v do_v in_o the_o decrease_n of_o october_n and_o reserve_v in_o bundle_n for_o the_o winter_n fodder_n the_o wood_n of_o white_a poplar_n be_v seek_v of_o the_o sculptor_n and_o they_o see_v both_o sort_n into_o board_n which_o where_o they_o lie_v dry_a continue_v a_o long_a time_n of_o this_o material_a they_o also_o make_v shield_n of_o defence_n in_o sword_n and_o buckler_n day_n dioscorides_n write_v that_o the_o bark_n chop_v small_a and_o sow_v in_o rill_n well_o and_o rich_o manure_v and_o water_v will_v produce_v a_o plentiful_a crop_n of_o mushrum_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o those_o fungi_fw-la which_o spring_n from_o the_o putrid_a stump_n of_o this_o tree_n be_v not_o venomous_a as_o of_o all_o or_o most_o other_o tree_n they_o be_v be_v gather_v after_o the_o first_o autumnal_a rain_n 3._o they_o have_v a_o poplar_n in_o virginia_n of_o a_o very_a peculiar_a shape_a leaf_n as_o if_o the_o point_n of_o it_o be_v cut_v off_o which_o grow_v very_o well_o with_o the_o curious_a among_o we_o to_o a_o considerable_a stature_n i_o conceive_v it_o be_v first_o bring_v over_o by_o john_n tradescant_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o tulip-tree_n but_o be_v not_o that_o i_o find_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o any_o of_o our_o herbal_n i_o wish_v we_o have_v more_o of_o they_o 4._o the_o aspen_n only_o which_o be_v that_o kind_n of_o libica_n or_o white_a poplar_n aspen_n bear_v a_o small_a and_o more_o tremulous_a leaf_n thrust_v down_o a_o more_o search_a foot_n and_o in_o this_o likewise_o differ_v that_o he_o take_v it_o ill_o to_o have_v his_o head_n cut_v off_o pliny_n will_v have_v short_a truncheon_n couch_v two_o foot_n in_o the_o ground_n but_o first_o two_o day_n dry_v at_o one_o foot_n and_o half_a distance_n and_o then_o mould_v over_o 5._o there_o be_v something_o a_o fine_a sort_n of_o white_a poplar_n abele_n which_o the_o dutch_a call_v abele_n and_o we_o have_v much_o transport_v out_o of_o holland_n these_o be_v also_o best_o propagate_v of_o slip_n from_o the_o root_n the_o least_o of_o which_o will_v take_v and_o may_v in_o march_n at_o three_o or_o four_o year_n growth_n be_v transplant_v 6._o in_o flanders_n not_o in_o france_n as_o a_o late_a author_n pretend_v they_o have_v large_a nursery_n of_o they_o which_o first_o they_o plant_v at_o one_o foot_n distance_n the_o mould_n light_n and_o moist_a by_o no_o mean_n clayie_a in_o which_o though_o they_o may_v shoot_v up_o tall_a yet_o for_o want_v of_o root_n they_o never_o spread_v for_o as_o i_o say_v they_o must_v be_v inter_v pretty_a deep_a not_o above_o three_o inch_n above_o ground_n and_o keep_v clean_o by_o prune_v they_o to_o the_o middle_a shoot_n for_o the_o first_o two_o year_n and_o so_o till_o the_o three_o or_o four_o when_o you_o transplant_v place_v they_o at_o eight_o ten_o or_o twelve_o foot_n interval_n they_o will_v likewise_o grow_v of_o layer_n and_o even_o of_o cut_n in_o very_o moist_a place_n in_o three_o year_n they_o will_v come_v to_o a_o incredible_a altitude_n in_o twelve_o be_v as_o big_a as_o your_o middle_n and_o in_o eighteen_o or_o twenty_o arrive_v to_o full_a perfection_n a_o specimen_fw-la of_o this_o advance_v we_o have_v have_v of_o a_o abele_n tree_n at_o zion_n which_o be_v lop_v in_o febr._n 1651_o do_v by_o the_o end_n of_o october_n 52_o produce_v branch_n as_o big_a as_o a_o man_n wrist_n and_o 17_o foot_n in_o length_n
treat_v of_o these_o sort_n of_o tree_n that_o i_o can_v not_o suffer_v it_o to_o pass_v over_o without_o a_o particular_a remark_n so_o as_o the_o noble_a poet_n with_o pardon_n for_o recede_v from_o so_o venerable_a authority_n may_v be_v mistake_v when_o he_o deliver_v this_o observation_n as_o universal_a to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o sow_v and_o raise_v wood_n from_o their_o rudiment_n tree_n which_o from_o scatter_a seed_n to_o spring_n be_v make_v come_v slow_o on_o for_o our_o grandchild_n shade_n nam_fw-la quae_fw-la seminibus_fw-la jactis_fw-la se_fw-la sustulit_fw-la arbos_fw-la tarda_fw-la venit_fw-la seris_fw-la factura_fw-la nepotibus_fw-la umbram_fw-la geor._n l._n 2._o and_o indeed_o i_o know_v divers_a be_v of_o this_o opinion_n and_o possible_o in_o some_o lucky_a soil_n and_o where_o extraordinary_a care_n be_v have_v in_o transplant_n and_o remove_v cumbrance_n etc._n etc._n there_o may_v be_v reason_n for_o it_o but_o i_o affirm_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n and_o find_v i_o have_v the_o suffrage_n of_o another_o no_o inelegant_a poet_n if_o not_o in_o a_o full_a assent_n to_o my_o assertion_n yet_o in_o the_o choice_n of_o my_o procedure_n for_o their_o perfection_n though_o sucker_n which_o the_o stock_n repair_v will_v with_o thâ—ck_a branch_n crowd_v the_o empty_a air_n or_o the_o ground-oak_n transplant_v bough_n may_v shoot_v yet_o no_o such_o grov'_v do_v with_o my_o fancy_n suit_n as_o what_o from_o acorn_n set_v on_o even_a row_n in_o open_a field_n at_o their_o due_a distance_n grow_v what_o though_o your_o ground_n long_a time_n must_v fallow_a lie_v and_o seâ—dling-oakes_n yield_v but_o a_o slow_a supply_n no_o walk_n else_o can_v be_v for_o like_a beauty_n praise_v for_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o plant_n from_o acorn_n raise_v as_o to_o the_o centre_n deep_a fiver_n spread_v so_o to_o the_o zenith_n more_o advance_v their_o head_n be_v it_o that_o plant_n for_o natural_a moisture_n pine_v and_o as_o expose_v at_o change_n of_o soil_n decline_v or_o that_o the_o acorn_n with_o its_o native_a mould_n do_v thrive_v and_o spread_v and_o firm_a alliance_n hold_v quamvis_fw-la ipsa_fw-la de_fw-la stirpe_fw-la parentis_fw-la pullulet_fw-la &_o tenues_fw-la tollat_fw-la se_fw-la quercus_fw-la in_o auras_fw-la aut_fw-la mutata_fw-la solo_fw-la ramis_fw-la exultet_fw-la opacis_fw-la forma_fw-la tamen_fw-la nemoris_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la mihi_fw-la gratior_fw-la ulla_fw-la quam_fw-la quod_fw-la per_fw-la campos_fw-la posito_fw-la de_fw-la semine_fw-la crevit_fw-la et_fw-la quamquam_fw-la sit_fw-la agro_fw-la praelongum_fw-la tempus_fw-la inerti_fw-la durcendum_fw-la ac_fw-la tardae_fw-la surgant_fw-la de_fw-la semine_fw-la quercus_fw-la his_fw-la tamen_fw-la his_o long_a veniunt_fw-la felicius_fw-la umbrae_fw-la nam_fw-la certum_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-fr glande_n satas_fw-la radicibus_fw-la imis_fw-la altius_fw-la in_o terram_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la descendere_fw-la plantas_fw-la majoresque_fw-la adeo_fw-la in_o coelum_fw-la profundere_fw-la ramos_fw-la seu_fw-la quod_fw-la dediscant_fw-la mutatam_fw-la semina_fw-la matrem_fw-la dgen_n remque_fw-la ferant_fw-la alieno_fw-la ex_fw-la ubere_fw-la prolem_fw-la sive_fw-la quod_fw-la ipsa_fw-la â—bi_fw-la cognatae_fw-la inolescere_fw-la terrae_fw-la glans_fw-la primo_fw-la melius_fw-la paulatim_fw-la assuevit_fw-la ab_fw-la ortu_fw-la rapinus_n hort._n l._n 2._o chap._n i._o of_o the_o soil_n and_o of_o seed_n soil_n 1._o here_o for_o method_n sake_n something_o it_o be_v expedient_a to_o premise_v concern_v the_o soil_n and_o indeed_o i_o do_v acknowledge_v to_o have_v observe_v so_o vast_a a_o difference_n in_o the_o improvement_n of_o wood_n by_o that_o of_o the_o ground_n that_o it_o be_v at_o no_o hand_n to_o be_v neglect_v but_o this_o be_v more_o than_o transitory_o touch_v in_o each_o chapter_n of_o the_o ensue_a discourse_n i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o assign_v it_o any_o apart_o when_o i_o have_v affirm_v in_o general_n that_o most_o timber-tree_n grow_v and_o prosper_v well_o in_o any_o tolerable_a land_n which_o will_v produce_v corn_n or_o rye_n and_o which_o be_v not_o in_o excess_n stony_n in_o which_o nevertheless_o there_o be_v some_o tree_n delight_n or_o altogether_o clay_n which_o few_o or_o none_o do_v natural_o affect_v and_o yet_o the_o oak_n be_v see_v to_o prosper_v in_o it_o for_o its_o toughness_n prefer_v before_o any_o other_o by_o many_o workman_n though_o of_o all_o soyl_v the_o cow-pasture_n do_v certain_o exceed_v be_v it_o for_o what_o purpose_n soever_o of_o plant_v wood._n rather_o therefore_o we_o shall_v take_v notice_n how_o many_o great_a wit_n and_o ingenious_a person_n who_o have_v leisure_n and_o faculty_n be_v in_o pain_n for_o improvement_n of_o their_o heath_n and_o barren_a hill_n cold_a and_o starve_a place_n which_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v neglect_v and_o despair_v of_o while_o they_o flatter_v their_o hope_n and_o vain_a expectation_n with_o fructify_a liquor_n chemical_a menstrue_n and_o such_o vast_a conception_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n that_o one_o may_v show_v they_o as_o heathy_a and_o hope-less_a ground_n and_o barren_a hill_n as_o any_o in_o england_n that_o do_v now_o bear_v or_o late_o have_v bear_v wood_n grove_n and_o copse_n which_o yield_v the_o owner_n more_o wealth_n than_o the_o rich_a and_o most_o opulent_a wheat-land_n and_o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o it_o be_v so_o long_a a_o day_n before_o these_o plantation_n can_v afford_v that_o gain_n the_o brabant_n nursery_n and_o divers_a home-plantations_a of_o industrious_a person_n be_v sufficient_a to_o convince_v the_o gain-say_a and_o when_o by_o this_o husbandry_n a_o few_o acorn_n shall_v have_v people_v the_o neighbour_a region_n with_o young_a stock_n and_o tree_n the_o residue_n will_v become_v grove_n and_o copse_n of_o infinite_a delight_n and_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o planter_n beside_o we_o daily_o see_v what_o course_n land_n will_v bear_v these_o stock_n suppose_v they_o oak_n wall-nutts_a chess-nutts_a pine_n fir_n ash_n wild-pear_n crab_n etc._n etc._n and_o some_o of_o they_o as_o for_o instance_n the_o pear_n and_o the_o fir_n or_o pine_n strike_v their_o root_n through_o the_o rough_a and_o most_o impenetrable_a rock_n and_o cleft_n of_o stone_n itself_o and_o other_o require_v not_o any_o rich_a or_o pingued_a but_o very_o moderate_a soil_n especial_o if_o commit_v to_o it_o in_o seed_n which_o ally_n they_o to_o their_o mother_n and_o nurse_n without_o renitency_n or_o regrett_n and_o then_o consider_v what_o assistance_n a_o little_a care_n in_o ease_v and_o stir_v of_o the_o ground_n about_o they_o for_o a_o few_o year_n do_v afford_v they_o what_o can_v a_o strong_a blow_n a_o winter_n mellow_n and_o summer_n heat_n incorporate_v with_o the_o pregnant_a turf_n or_o a_o slight_a assistance_n of_o lime_n perform_v even_o in_o the_o most_o unnatural_a and_o obstinate_a soil_n and_o in_o such_o place_n where_o ancient_o wood_n have_v grow_v but_o be_v now_o unkind_a to_o they_o the_o fault_n be_v to_o be_v reform_v by_o this_o care_n and_o chief_o by_o a_o sedulous_a extirpation_n of_o the_o old_a remainder_n of_o root_n and_o latent_fw-la stump_n which_o by_o their_o mustiness_n and_o other_o pernicious_a quality_n sour_a the_o ground_n and_o poison_v the_o conception_n and_o herewith_o let_v i_o put_v in_o this_o note_n that_o even_o the_o soil_n itself_o do_v frequent_o discover_v and_o point_v best_a to_o the_o particular_a species_n though_o some_o be_v for_o all_o place_n alike_o but_o i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o of_o these_o particular_n at_o this_o time_n because_o the_o rest_n be_v sprinkle_v over_o this_o whole_a work_n in_o their_o due_a place_n wherefore_o we_o hasten_v to_o the_o follow_a title_n namely_o the_o choice_n and_o order_n of_o the_o seed_n 2._o choose_v your_o seed_n of_o that_o which_o be_v perfect_o mature_a seed_n ponderous_a and_o sound_a common_o that_o which_o be_v easy_o shake_v from_o the_o bough_n or_o gather_v about_o november_n immediate_o upon_o its_o spontaneous_a fall_n or_o take_v from_o the_o top_n and_o summity_n of_o the_o fair_a and_o sound_a tree_n be_v best_a and_o do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n direct_v to_o the_o proper_a season_n of_o inter_v etc._n etc._n according_a to_o institution_n for_o nature_n herself_o who_o all_o create_v first_o invent_v sow_v and_o the_o wild_a plant_n nurse_v when_o mast_n and_o berry_n from_o the_o tree_n do_v drop_v succeed_v under_o by_o a_o numerous_a crop_n nam_fw-la specimen_fw-la sationis_fw-la &_o insitionis_fw-la origo_fw-la ipsa_fw-la fuit_fw-la rerum_fw-la primum_fw-la natura_fw-la creatrix_fw-la arboribus_fw-la quoniam_fw-la baccae_fw-la glandesque_fw-la caducae_fw-la tempestiva_fw-la dabant_fw-la pullorum_fw-la examina_fw-la subter_fw-la etc._n etc._n lucret._n l._n 5._o yet_o this_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o if_o the_o place_n you_o sow_v in_o be_v too_o cold_a for_o a_o autumnal_a semination_n your_o acorn_n mast_n and_o other_o seed_n may_v be_v prepare_v for_o the_o vernal_a by_o be_v barreled_a or_o potted_a up_o in_o moist_a sand_n or_o earth_n stratum_fw-la s.s._n during_o
distinguish_v by_o his_o fullness_n of_o leaf_n which_o tarnish_n and_o become_v yellow_a at_o the_o fall_n do_v common_o clothe_v it_o all_o the_o winter_n the_o root_n grow_v very_o deep_a and_o straggle_a the_o author_n of_o britannia_n baconica_n speak_v of_o a_o oak_n in_o lanhadron_n park_n in_o cornwall_n which_o bear_v constant_o leave_v speckle_v with_o white_a and_o of_o another_o call_v the_o painted-oak_n which_o i_o only_o mention_v here_o that_o the_o variety_n may_v be_v compare_v by_o some_o ingenious_a person_n thereabouts_o as_o well_o as_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o fatal_a prae-admonition_n of_o oak_n bear_v strange_a leaf_n 3._o it_o be_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o propagation_n of_o this_o large_a spread_a oak_n which_o be_v especial_o recommend_v for_o the_o excellency_n of_o the_o timber_n and_o that_o his_o majesty_n forest_n be_v well_o and_o plentiful_o store_v with_o they_o because_o they_o require_v room_n and_o space_n to_o amplify_v and_o expand_v themselves_o and_o will_v therefore_o be_v plant_v at_o more_o remote_a distance_n and_o free_a from_o all_o encumbrance_n and_o this_o upon_o consideration_n how_o slow_o a_o fullgrown_a oak_n mount_v upward_o and_o how_o speedy_o they_o spread_v and_o dilate_v themselves_o to_o all_o quarter_n by_o dress_v and_o due_a culture_n so_o as_o above_o forty_o year_n advance_v be_v to_o be_v gain_v by_o this_o only_a industry_n and_o if_o thus_o his_o majesty_n forest_n and_o chase_n be_v store_v viz._n with_o this_o spread_a tree_n at_o handsome_a interval_n by_o which_o graze_v may_v be_v improve_v for_o the_o feed_n of_o deer_n and_o cattle_n under_o they_o for_o such_o be_v the_o old_a saltus_n benign_o visit_v with_o the_o gleam_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o adorn_v with_o the_o distant_a landscape_n appear_v through_o the_o glade_n and_o frequent_a valley_n betwixt_o who_o row_n the_o azure_a sky_n be_v see_v immix_v with_o hillock_n vale_n and_o field_n as_o now_o we_o see_v distinguish_v in_o a_o sweet_a variety_n such_o place_n which_o wild_a appletree_n throughout_o adorni_n and_o happy_a shrub_n grow_v all_o about_o caerula_fw-la distingâ—ens_fw-la inter_fw-la plaga_fw-la currere_fw-la posset_n per_fw-la tumulos_fw-la &_o convalles_fw-la camposque_fw-la profusa_fw-la ut_fw-la nunc_fw-la esse_fw-la vides_fw-la vario_fw-la distincta_fw-la lepôre_fw-la omnia_fw-la quae_fw-la pomis_fw-la intersita_fw-la dulcibus_fw-la ornant_fw-la arbustisque_fw-la tenent_fw-la felicibus_fw-la obsita_fw-la circum_fw-la lucret._n l._n 5._o as_o the_o poet_n describe_v his_o olive-grove_n nothing_o can_v be_v more_o ravish_v for_o so_o we_o may_v also_o sprinkle_v fruit-tree_n among_o they_o of_o which_o hereafter_o for_o cider_n and_o many_o singular_a use_n and_o shall_v find_v such_o goodly_a plantation_n the_o boast_n of_o our_o ranger_n and_o forest_n infinite_o preferable_a to_o any_o thing_n we_o have_v yet_o behold_v rude_a and_o neglect_v as_o they_o be_v i_o say_v when_o his_o majesty_n shall_v proceed_v as_o he_o have_v design_v to_o animate_v this_o laudable_a pride_n into_o fashion_n forest_n and_o wood_n as_o well_o as_o field_n and_o enclosure_n will_v present_v we_o with_o another_o face_n than_o now_o they_o do_v and_o here_o i_o can_v but_o applaud_v the_o worthy_a industry_n of_o old_a sir_n harbotle_n grimstone_n who_o i_o be_o tell_v from_o a_o very_a small_a nursery_n of_o acorn_n which_o he_o sow_v in_o the_o neglect_a corner_n of_o his_o ground_n do_v draw_v forth_o such_o number_n of_o oak_n of_o competent_a growth_n as_o be_v plant_v about_o his_o field_n in_o even_o and_o uniform_a row_n about_o one_o hundred_o foot_n from_o the_o hedge_n bush_v and_o well_o water_v till_o they_o have_v sufficient_o fix_v themselves_o do_v wonderful_o improve_v both_o the_o beauty_n and_o the_o value_n of_o his_o demesne_n but_o i_o proceed_v 4._o both_o these_o kind_n will_v be_v take_v up_o very_o young_a and_o transplant_v about_o october_n some_o yet_o for_o these_o hardy_a and_o late_o spring_a tree_n defer_v it_o till_o the_o winter_n be_v well_o over_o but_o the_o earth_n have_v need_n be_v moist_a and_o though_o they_o will_v grow_v tolerable_o in_o most_o ground_n yet_o do_v they_o general_o affect_v the_o sound_n black_a deep_a and_o fast_o mould_n rather_o warm_a than_o over_o wet_a and_o cold_a and_o a_o little_a rise_n for_o this_o produce_v the_o firm_a timber_n though_o my_o l._n bacon_n prefer_v that_o which_o grow_v in_o the_o moist_a ground_n for_o ship_n timber_n as_o the_o most_o tough_a and_o less_o subject_a to_o rift_v but_o let_v we_o hear_v pliny_n this_o be_v a_o general_a rule_n say_v he_o what_o tree_n soever_o they_o be_v which_o grow_v tolerable_o either_o on_o hill_n or_o valley_n arise_v to_o great_a stature_n and_o spread_v more_o ample_o in_o the_o low_a ground_n but_o the_o timber_n be_v far_o better_a and_o of_o a_o fine_a grain_n which_o grow_v upon_o the_o mountain_n except_v only_a apple_n and_o pear_n tree_n and_o in_o the_o 39_o cap._n lib._n 16._o the_o timber_n of_o those_o tree_n which_o grow_v in_o moist_a and_o shady_a place_n be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o that_o which_o come_v from_o a_o more_o expose_v situation_n nor_o be_v it_o so_o close_o substantial_a and_o durable_a upon_o which_o he_o much_o prefer_v the_o timber_n grow_v in_o tuscany_n before_o that_o towards_o the_o venetian_a side_n and_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o gulf_n and_o that_o timber_n so_o grow_v be_v in_o great_a esteem_n long_o before_o pliny_n we_o have_v the_o spear_n of_o agamemnon_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o a_o tree_n so_o expose_v and_o dydimus_n give_v the_o reason_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d say_v he_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n for_o that_o be_v continual_o weather-beaten_a they_o become_v hardy_a and_o tough_a the_o result_n of_o all_o be_v that_o upon_o occasion_n of_o special_a timber_n there_o be_v a_o very_a great_a and_o considerable_a difference_n so_o as_o some_o oaken_a timber_n prove_v manifest_o weak_a more_o spongy_a and_o soon_o decay_v than_o other_o the_o like_a may_v be_v affirm_v of_o ash_n and_o other_o kind_n and_o general_o speak_v the_o close-grained_a be_v the_o stout_a and_o most_o permanent_a but_o of_o this_o let_v the_o industrious_a consult_v that_o whole_a ten_o chapter_n in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o vitruvius_n where_o he_o express_o treat_v of_o this_o argument_n de_fw-fr abiete_n supernate_a &_o infernate_a cum_fw-la apennini_n descriptione_n where_o we_o note_v concern_v oak_n that_o it_o neither_o prosper_v in_o very_o hot_a nor_o excessive_a cold_a country_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v little_a good_a of_o it_o to_o be_v find_v in_o africa_n or_o indeed_o the_o low_a and_o most_o southern_a part_n of_o italy_n for_o the_o venetian_n have_v excellent_a timber_n nor_o in_o denmark_n or_o norway_n comparable_a to_o we_o it_o chief_o affect_v a_o temperate_a climate_n and_o where_o they_o grow_v natural_o in_o abundance_n it_o be_v a_o promise_a mark_n of_o it_o if_o i_o be_v to_o make_v choice_n of_o the_o place_n or_o the_o tree_n it_o shall_v be_v such_o as_o grow_v in_o the_o best_a cow-pasture_n or_o upland_n meadow_n where_o the_o mould_n be_v rich_a and_o sweet_a suffolk_n afford_v a_o admirable_a instance_n and_o in_o such_o place_n you_o may_v also_o transplant_v large_a tree_n with_o extraordinary_a success_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o bore_v and_o search_v the_o ground_n where_o you_o intend_v to_o plant_v or_o sow_v before_o you_o fall_v to_o work_v since_o earth_n too_o shallow_a or_o rocky_a be_v not_o so_o proper_a for_o this_o timber_n the_o root_n fix_v not_o kind_o and_o though_o for_o a_o time_n they_o may_v seem_v to_o flourish_v yet_o they_o will_v dwindle_v 5._o but_o to_o discourage_v none_o oak_n prosper_v exceed_o even_o in_o gravel_n and_o moist_a clay_n which_o most_o other_o tree_n abhor_v yea_o even_o the_o cold_a clay_n ground_n that_o will_v hardly_o graze_v but_o these_o tree_n will_v frequent_o make_v stand_v as_o they_o encounter_v variety_n of_o footing_n and_o sometime_o proceed_v again_o vigorous_o as_o they_o either_o penetrate_v beyond_o or_o outgrow_a their_o obstruction_n and_o meet_v better_a earth_n which_o be_v of_o that_o consequence_n that_o i_o dare_v bold_o affirm_v more_o than_o a_o hundred_o year_n advance_v be_v clear_o gain_v by_o soil_n and_o husbandry_n i_o have_v yet_o read_v that_o there_o grow_v oak_n some_o of_o which_o have_v contain_v ten_o load_n apiece_o out_o of_o the_o very_a wall_n of_o silcester_n in_o hantshire_n which_o seem_v to_o strike_v root_n in_o the_o very_a stone_n and_o even_o in_o our_o renown_v forest_n of_o dean_n itself_o some_o goodly_a oak_n have_v be_v note_v to_o grow_v upon_o ground_n which_o have_v be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o rock_n of_o ancient_a cinder_n bury_v there_o many_o age_n since_o it_o be_v indeed_o observe_v that_o oak_n
which_o grow_v in_o rough_a stony_a ground_n and_o obstinate_a clay_n be_v long_o before_o they_o come_v to_o any_o considerable_a stature_n for_o such_o place_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o clay_n be_v hold_v but_o a_o stepmother_n to_o tree_n but_o in_o time_n they_o afford_v the_o most_o excellent_a timber_n have_v stand_v long_o and_o get_v good_a root_n the_o same_o may_v we_o affirm_v of_o the_o light_a sand_n which_o produce_v a_o smoother-grained_a timber_n of_o all_o other_o the_o most_o useful_a for_o the_o joiner_n but_o that_o which_o grow_v in_o gravel_n be_v subject_a to_o be_v frow_n as_o they_o term_v it_o and_o brittle_a what_o improvement_n the_o stir_v of_o the_o ground_n about_o the_o root_n of_o oak_n be_v to_o the_o tree_n i_o have_v already_o hint_v and_o yet_o in_o copse_n where_o they_o stand_v warm_a and_o so_o thicken_v with_o the_o under_o wood_n as_o this_o culture_n can_v be_v practise_v they_o prove_v in_o time_n to_o be_v goodly_a tree_n i_o have_v of_o late_o try_v the_o graft_n of_o oak_n but_o as_o yet_o with_o slender_a success_n ruellius_n indeed_o affirm_v it_o will_v take_v the_o pear_n and_o other_o fruit_n and_o if_o we_o may_v credit_v the_o poet_n the_o sturdy_a oak_n do_v golden_a apple_n bear_v aurea_fw-la durae_fw-la mala_fw-la feraut_v quercus_fw-la ecl._n 8._o and_o under_o elmes_n swine_n do_v the_o mast_n devour_v glandemque_fw-la sue_v fregere_fw-la sub_fw-la vlmo_fw-la geor._n which_o i_o conceive_v to_o be_v the_o more_o probable_a for_o that_o the_o sap_n of_o the_o oak_n be_v of_o a_o unkind_a tincture_n to_o most_o tree_n but_o for_o this_o improvement_n i_o will_v rather_o advise_v inoculation_n as_o the_o ordinary_a elm_n upon_o the_o witch-hasel_n for_o those_o large_a leaf_n we_o shall_v anon_o mention_v and_o which_o be_v so_o familiar_a in_o france_n 6._o that_o the_o transplant_n of_o young_a oak_n gain_v they_o ten_o year_n advance_v some_o happy_a person_n have_v affirm_v from_o this_o belief_n if_o in_o a_o former_a impression_n i_o have_v desire_v to_o be_v excuse_v and_o produce_v my_o reason_n for_o it_o i_o shall_v not_o persist_v against_o any_o sober_a man_n experience_n and_o therefore_o leave_v this_o article_n to_o their_o choice_n since_o as_o the_o butcher_n phrase_n be_v change_v of_o pasture_n make_v fat_a calf_n and_o so_o transplantation_n of_o these_o hard_a wood-tree_n when_o young_a may_v possible_o by_o a_o happy_a hand_n in_o fit_a season_n and_o other_o circumstance_n of_o soil_n sun_n and_o room_n for_o growth_n be_v a_o improvement_n but_o as_o for_o those_o who_o advise_v we_o to_o plant_v oak_n of_o too_o great_a a_o stature_n they_o hardly_o make_v any_o considerable_a progress_n in_o a_o age_n and_o therefore_o i_o can_v encourage_v it_o unless_o the_o ground_n be_v extraordinary_o qualify_v yet_o if_o any_o be_v desirous_a to_o make_v trial_n of_o it_o let_v their_o stem_n be_v of_o the_o smooth_a and_o tender_a bark_n for_o that_o be_v ever_o a_o indication_n of_o youth_n as_o well_o as_o the_o paucity_n of_o their_o circle_n which_o in_o disbranch_a and_o cut_v the_o head_n off_o at_o five_o or_o six_o foot_n height_n a_o thing_n by_o the_o way_n which_o the_o french_a usual_o spare_v when_o they_o transplant_v this_o tree_n may_v before_o you_o stir_v their_o root_n serve_v for_o the_o more_o certain_a guide_n and_o then_o plant_v they_o immediate_o with_o as_o much_o earth_n as_o will_v adhere_v to_o they_o in_o the_o place_n destine_v for_o their_o station_n abate_v only_o the_o tap_n root_n which_o be_v that_o down_o right_n and_o stubby_a part_n of_o the_o root_n which_o all_o tree_n raise_v of_o seed_n do_v universal_o produce_v and_o quicken_a some_o of_o the_o rest_n with_o a_o sharp_a knife_n but_o spare_v the_o fibrous_a which_o be_v the_o main_a sucker_n and_o mouth_n of_o all_o tree_n spread_v they_o in_o the_o foss_n or_o pit_n which_o have_v be_v prepare_v to_o receive_v they_o i_o say_v in_o the_o foss_n unless_o you_o will_v rather_o trench_v the_o whole_a field_n which_o be_v incomparable_o the_o best_a and_o infinite_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o narrow_a pit_n and_o hole_n as_o the_o manner_n be_v in_o case_n you_o plant_v any_o number_n considerable_a the_o earth_n be_v hereby_o make_v loose_a easy_a and_o penetrable_a for_o the_o root_n about_o which_o you_o be_v to_o cast_v that_o mould_n which_o in_o open_v of_o the_o trench_n you_o take_v from_o the_o surface_n and_o purposely_o lay_v apart_o because_o it_o be_v sweet_a mellow_a and_o better_o impregnate_v but_o in_o this_o work_n be_v circumspect_a never_o to_o inter_v your_o stem_n deep_o than_o you_o find_v it_o stand_v for_o profound_a bury_n very_o frequent_o destroy_v a_o tree_n though_o a_o error_n seldom_o observe_v if_o therefore_o the_o root_n be_v sufficient_o cover_v to_o keep_v the_o body_n steady_a and_o erect_a it_o be_v enough_o and_o the_o not_o mind_v of_o this_o trifle_a circumstance_n do_v very_o much_o deceive_v our_o ordinary_a woodman_n for_o most_o root_n covet_v the_o air_n though_o that_o of_o the_o quercus_fw-la urbana_fw-la least_o of_o any_o for_o like_o the_o aeschylus_n how_o much_o to_o heaven_n her_o tower_a head_n ascend_v so_o much_o towards_o hell_n her_o pierce_a root_n extend_v quòd_fw-la quantum_fw-la vertice_fw-la ad_fw-la auras_fw-la aethereas_fw-la tantum_fw-la radicem_fw-la tartara_fw-la tendit_fw-la geo._n 2._o and_o the_o perfection_n of_o that_o do_v almost_o as_o much_o concern_v the_o prosperity_n of_o a_o tree_n as_o of_o man_n himself_o since_o homo_fw-la be_v but_o arbour_n inversa_fw-la which_o prompt_v i_o to_o this_o curious_a but_o important_a advertisement_n that_o the_o position_n be_v likewise_o sedulous_o observe_v 7._o for_o the_o southern_a part_n be_v more_o dilate_v and_o the_o pore_n expose_v as_o evident_o appear_v in_o their_o horizontal_n section_n by_o the_o constant_a excentricity_n of_o their_o hyperbolical_a circle_n be_v now_o on_o the_o sudden_a and_o at_o such_o a_o season_n convert_v to_o the_o north_n do_v starve_v and_o destroy_v more_o tree_n how_o careful_a soever_o man_n have_v be_v in_o order_v the_o root_n and_o prepare_v the_o ground_n than_o any_o other_o accident_n whatsoever_o neglect_n of_o stake_n and_o defend_v from_o cattle_n except_v the_o importance_n whereof_o cause_v the_o best_a of_o poet_n and_o most_o experience_a in_o this_o argument_n give_v advice_n concern_v this_o article_n to_o add_v the_o card'nal_a point_n upon_o the_o bark_n they_o sign_n and_o as_o before_o it_o stand_v in_o the_o same_o line_n place_n to_o warm_a south_n or_o the_o obvert_v polo_fw-la such_o force_n have_v custom_n in_o each_o tender_a soul_n quinetiam_fw-la coeli_fw-la regionem_fw-la in_o cortice_fw-la signant_fw-la ut_fw-la quo_fw-la quaeque_fw-la modo_fw-la steterit_fw-la quâ_fw-la parte_fw-la calores_fw-la austrinos_n tulerit_fw-la quae_fw-la terga_fw-la obverterit_fw-la axi_fw-la restituant_fw-la adeo_fw-la in_o teneris_fw-la consuescero_fw-la multum_fw-la est_fw-la geor._n li._n 1._o which_o monition_n though_o pliny_n and_o some_o other_o think_v good_a to_o neglect_v or_o esteem_v indifferent_a i_o can_v confirm_v from_o frequent_a loss_n of_o my_o own_o and_o by_o particular_a trial_n have_v sometime_o transplant_v great_a tree_n at_o midsummer_n with_o success_n the_o earth_n adhere_v to_o the_o root_n and_o miscarry_v in_o other_o where_o this_o circumstance_n only_o be_v omit_v to_o observe_v therefore_o the_o coast_n and_o side_n of_o the_o stock_n especial_o of_o fruit-tree_n be_v not_o such_o a_o trifle_n as_o by_o some_o pretend_a for_o if_o the_o air_n be_v as_o much_o the_o mother_n or_o nurse_n as_o water_n and_o earth_n as_o more_o than_o probable_a it_o be_v such_o blossom_a plant_n as_o court_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o meridian_n sun_n do_v as_o it_o be_v evident_o point_n out_o the_o advantage_n they_o receive_v by_o their_o position_n by_o the_o clearness_n politure_n and_o comparative_a splendour_n of_o the_o south_n side_n and_o the_o frequent_a mossinesse_n of_o most_o tree_n on_o the_o opposite_a side_n do_v sufficient_o note_v the_o unkindness_n of_o that_o aspect_n and_o which_o be_v most_o evident_a in_o the_o bark_n of_o oak_n white_a and_o smooth_a the_o tree_n grow_v more_o kind_o on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o a_o hill_n than_o those_o which_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o north_n with_o a_o hard_a dark_a rough_a and_o more_o mossy_a integument_n as_o i_o can_v now_o demonstrate_v in_o a_o prodigious_a coat_n of_o it_o invest_v some_o pyracanth_n which_o i_o have_v remove_v to_o a_o northern_a drip_a shade_n i_o have_v see_v write_v a_o worthy_a friend_n to_o i_o on_o this_o occasion_n whole_a hedgerow_n of_o apple_n and_o pear_n that_o quite_o perish_v after_o that_o shelter_n be_v remove_v the_o good_a husband_n expect_v the_o contrary_a and_o that_o the_o fruit_n shall_v improve_v as_o free_v from_o the_o predation_n of_o the_o hedge_n
11._o some_o advice_n that_o in_o plant_v of_o oak_n etc._n etc._n four_o or_o five_o be_v suffer_v to_o stand_v very_o near_o to_o one_o another_o and_o then_o to_o leave_v the_o most_o prosperous_a when_o they_o find_v the_o rest_n to_o disturb_v his_o growth_n but_o i_o conceive_v it_o be_v better_a to_o plant_v they_o at_o such_o distance_n as_o they_o may_v least_o incommode_v one_o another_o for_o timber-tree_n i_o will_v have_v none_o near_o than_o forty_o foot_n where_o they_o stand_v close_a especial_o of_o the_o spread_a kind_n 12._o last_o tree_n of_o ordinary_a stature_n transplant_v be_v first_o well_o water_v must_v be_v sufficient_o stake_v and_o bush_v about_o with_o thorn_n or_o with_o some_o thing_n better_o to_o protect_v they_o from_o the_o concussion_n of_o the_o wind_n and_o from_o the_o casual_a rub_n and_o poisonous_a brut_a of_o cattle_n and_o sheep_n the_o oylinesse_n of_o who_o wool_n be_v also_o very_o noxious_a to_o they_o till_o be_v well_o grow_v and_o fix_v which_o by_o seven_o year_n will_v be_v to_o some_o competent_a degree_n they_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o withstand_v all_o accidental_a invasion_n but_o the_o axe_n for_o i_o be_o now_o come_v to_o their_o prune_v and_o cut_v in_o which_o work_n the_o season_n be_v of_o main_a importance_n 13._o therefore_o if_o you_o will_v propagate_v tree_n for_o timber_n cut_v not_o off_o their_o head_n at_o all_o nor_o be_v too_o busy_a with_o lop_n but_o if_o you_o desire_v shade_n and_o fuel_n or_o bear_v of_o mast_n alone_o lop_v off_o their_o top_n fear_v and_o unthrive_a branch_n only_o if_o you_o intend_v a_o outright_o fell_v expect_v till_o november_n for_o this_o praemature_n cut_v down_o of_o tree_n before_o the_o sap_n be_v perfect_o at_o rest_n will_v be_v to_o your_o exceed_a prejudice_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o worm_n which_o will_v certain_o breed_v in_o the_o timber_n which_o be_v fell_v before_o that_o period_n but_o in_o case_n you_o cut_v only_o for_o the_o chimney_n you_o need_v not_o be_v so_o punctual_a as_o to_o the_o time_n yet_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o what_o you_o let_v stand_v observe_v the_o moon_n increase_v the_o reason_n of_o these_o difference_n be_v because_o this_o be_v the_o best_a reason_n for_o the_o growth_n of_o the_o tree_n which_o you_o do_v not_o fell_a the_o other_o for_o the_o durableness_n of_o the_o timber_n which_o you_o do_v now_o that_o which_o be_v to_o be_v burn_v be_v not_o so_o material_a for_o last_v as_o the_o growth_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v considerable_a for_o the_o timber_n but_o of_o these_o particular_n more_o at_o large_a in_o cap._n 30._o 14._o the_o very_a stump_n of_o oak_n especial_o that_o part_n which_o be_v dry_a and_o above_o ground_n be_v well_o grub_v be_v many_o time_n worth_a the_o pain_n and_o charge_n for_o sundry_a rare_a and_o hard_a work_n and_o where_o timber_n be_v dear_a i_o can_v name_v some_o who_o abandon_v this_o to_o workman_n for_o their_o pain_n only_o when_o they_o perceive_v the_o great_a advantage_n repent_v of_o their_o bargain_n and_o undertake_v it_o themselves_o be_v gainer_n above_o half_a i_o wish_v only_o for_o the_o expedition_n of_o this_o knotty_a work_n some_o effectual_a engine_n be_v devise_v such_o as_o i_o have_v be_v tell_v a_o worthy_a person_n of_o this_o nation_n make_v use_v of_o by_o which_o he_o be_v able_a with_o one_o man_n to_o perform_v more_o than_o with_o twelve_o ox_n and_o sure_o there_o may_v be_v much_o do_v by_o fasten_v of_o iron_n hook_n and_o fang_n about_o one_o root_n to_o extract_v another_o the_o hoock_v chain_v to_o some_o portable_a screw_n or_o winch_n i_o say_v such_o a_o invention_n may_v effect_v wonder_n not_o only_o for_o the_o extirpation_n of_o root_n but_o the_o prostrate_v of_o huge_a tree_n that_o small_a engine_n which_o by_o some_o be_v call_v the_o german-devil_n reform_v after_o this_o manner_n and_o due_o apply_v may_v be_v very_o expedient_a for_o this_o purpose_n and_o therefore_o we_o have_v exhibit_v the_o follow_a figure_n and_o submit_v it_o to_o improvement_n a_o the_o hand_n that_o keep_v the_o rope_n b_o close_o upon_o the_o cylinder_n c_o which_o be_v move_v by_o a_o opinion_n of_o three_o or_o four_o tooth_n d_o which_o move_v a_o large_a iron_n wheel_n f._n e_o the_o handle_v put_v upon_o the_o spindle_n of_o the_o opinion_n to_o turn_v it_o withal_o the_o whole_a frame_n be_v let_v into_o a_o big_a piece_n of_o wood_n viz._n h_o be_v about_o four_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o one_o in_o breadth_n and_o the_o other_o end_n of_o the_o roller_n or_o cylinder_n be_v sustain_v by_o a_o lesser_a block_n of_o wood_n ay_o g_o the_o plate_n which_o hold_v the_o wheel_n and_o opinion_n in_o the_o large_a block_n note_v that_o the_o cylinder_n may_v be_v make_v of_o good_a tough_a iron_n about_o four_o inch_n in_o diameter_n and_o fourteen_o or_o sixteen_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o the_o tooth_a wheel_n f_o of_o the_o like_a stuff_n and_o of_o a_o thickness_n proportionable_a but_o this_o be_v to_o be_v practise_v only_o where_o you_o design_v a_o final_a extirpation_n for_o some_o have_v draw_v sucker_n even_o from_o a_o old_a stub_n root_n but_o they_o certain_o perish_v by_o the_o moss_n which_o invade_v they_o and_o be_v very_o subject_a to_o grow_v rot_v pliny_n speak_v of_o one_o root_n which_o take_v up_o a_o entire_a acre_n of_o ground_n and_o theophrastus_n describe_v the_o lycean_a platanus_n to_o have_v spread_v a_o hundred_o foot_n if_o so_o the_o argument_n may_v hold_v good_a for_o their_o growth_n after_o the_o tree_n be_v come_v to_o its_o period_n they_o make_v cup_n of_o the_o root_n of_o oak_n heretofore_o and_o such_o a_o curiosity_n athenaeus_n tell_v we_o be_v carve_v by_o thericleus_n himself_o and_o there_o be_v a_o way_n so_o to_o thing_fw-mi oak_n after_o long_o bury_v and_o soak_v in_o water_n which_o give_v it_o a_o wonderful_a politure_n as_o that_o it_o have_v frequent_o be_v take_v for_o a_o course_n ebony_n 15._o there_o be_v not_o in_o nature_n a_o thing_n more_o obnoxious_a to_o deceit_n than_o the_o buy_n of_o tree_n stand_v upon_o the_o reputation_n of_o their_o appearance_n to_o the_o eye_n unless_o the_o chapman_n be_v extraordinary_o judicious_a so_o various_a be_v their_o hide_a and_o conceal_v infirmity_n till_o they_o be_v fell_v and_o saw_v out_o so_o as_o if_o to_o any_o thing_n applicable_a certain_o there_o be_v nothing_o which_o do_v more_o perfect_o confirm_v it_o then_o the_o most_o flourish_a outside_n of_o tree_n fonti_fw-la nulla_fw-la fides_fw-la a_o timber-tree_n be_v a_o merchant_n adventurer_n you_o shall_v never_o know_v what_o he_o be_v worth_a till_o he_o be_v dead_a 16._o oak_n be_v in_o some_o place_n where_o the_o soil_n be_v special_o qualify_v ready_a to_o be_v cut_v for_o copse_n in_o fourteen_o year_n and_o soon_o i_o compute_v from_o the_o first_o semination_n though_o it_o be_v tell_v as_o a_o instance_n of_o high_a encouragement_n and_o as_o indeed_o it_o merit_v that_o a_o lady_n in_o northamptonshire_n sow_v acorn_n and_o live_v to_o cut_v the_o tree_n produce_v from_o they_o twice_o in_o two_o and_o twenty_o year_n and_o both_o as_o well_o grow_v as_o most_o be_v in_o sixteen_o or_o eighteen_o this_o yet_o be_v certain_a that_o acorn_n set_v in_o hedg-row_n have_v in_o thirty_o year_n bear_v a_o stem_n of_o a_o foot_n diametre_fw-la general_o copps-wood_n shall_v be_v cut_v close_o and_o at_o such_o interval_n as_o the_o growth_n require_v which_o be_v seldom_o constant_a depend_v much_o on_o the_o place_n and_o the_o kind_n the_o mould_n and_o the_o air_n and_o for_o which_o there_o be_v extant_a particular_a statute_n to_o direct_v we_o of_o all_o which_o more_o at_o large_a hereafter_o oak_n for_o tan-bark_n may_v be_v fell_v from_o april_n to_o the_o last_o of_o june_n by_o a_o statute_n in_o the_o 1_o jacobi_n 17._o to_o enumerate_v now_o the_o incomparable_a use_v of_o this_o wood_n be_v needless_a but_o so_o precious_a be_v the_o esteem_n of_o it_o that_o of_o old_a there_o be_v a_o express_a law_n among_o the_o twelve_o table_n concern_v the_o very_a gather_n of_o the_o acorn_n though_o they_o shall_v be_v find_v fallâ—n_n into_o another_o man_n ground_n the_o land_n and_o the_o sea_n do_v sufficient_o speak_v for_o the_o improvement_n of_o this_o excellent_a material_a house_n and_o ship_n city_n and_o navy_n be_v build_v with_o it_o and_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o it_o so_o tough_a and_o extreme_o compact_v that_o our_o sharp_a tool_n will_v hardly_o enter_v it_o and_o scarce_o the_o very_a fire_n itself_o in_o which_o it_o consume_v but_o slow_o as_o seem_v to_o partake_v of_o a_o ferruginous_a and_o mettallin_a shine_a nature_n proper_a for_o sundry_a robu_v uses_n it_o be_v doubtless_o
over_o they_o and_o water_v they_o when_o need_n require_v be_v rise_v a_o inch_n above_o ground_n refresh_v and_o preserve_v from_o the_o scrape_n of_o bird_n and_o poultry_n comfort_v the_o tender_a seedling_n by_o a_o second_o sieft_v of_o more_o sine_z earth_n to_o establish_v they_o thus_o keep_v they_o clean_o weed_v for_o the_o first_o two_o year_n or_o till_o be_v of_o fit_a stature_n to_o remove_v you_o may_v thin_a and_o transplant_v they_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o you_o be_v direct_v for_o young_a oak_n only_o they_o shall_v nâ—t_v need_n above_o one_o cut_v where_o they_o grow_v less_o regular_a and_o hopeful_a but_o because_o this_o be_v a_o experiment_n of_o some_o curiosity_n obnoxious_a to_o many_o casualty_n and_o that_o the_o produce_v they_o from_o the_o mother-root_n of_o great_a tree_n be_v very_o facile_a and_o expeditious_a beside_o the_o number_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o hedgerow_n and_o wood_n of_o all_o plantable_a size_n i_o rather_o advise_v our_o forester_n to_o furnish_v himself_o from_o those_o place_n 3._o the_o sucker_n which_o i_o speak_v of_o be_v produce_v in_o abundance_n from_o the_o root_n whence_o be_v dextrous_o separate_v after_o the_o earth_n have_v be_v well_o loosen_a and_o plant_v about_o the_o end_n of_o october_n they_o will_v grow_v very_o well_o nay_o the_o stub_n only_o which_o be_v leave_v in_o the_o ground_n after_o a_o fell_n be_v fence_v in_o as_o far_o as_o the_o root_n extend_v will_v furnish_v you_o with_o plenty_n which_o may_v be_v transplant_v from_o the_o first_o year_n or_o two_o successive_o by_o slip_v they_o from_o the_o root_n which_o will_v continual_o supply_v you_o for_o many_o year_n after_o that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o mother-tree_n have_v be_v cut_v down_o and_o from_o hence_o probable_o be_v spring_v that_o i_o fear_v mistake_v of_o salmasius_n and_o other_o where_o they_o write_v of_o the_o grow_a of_o their_o chip_n i_o suppose_v have_v some_o of_o the_o bark_n on_o scatter_v in_o hew_v of_o their_o timber_n the_o error_n proceed_v from_o this_o that_o after_o a_o elm-tree_n have_v be_v fell_v the_o numerous_a sucker_n which_o shoot_v from_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o latent_fw-la root_n seem_v to_o be_v produce_v from_o this_o dispersion_n of_o the_o chip_n let_v this_o yet_o be_v more_o accurate_o examine_v for_o i_o pronounce_v nothing_o magisterial_o since_o it_o be_v so_o confident_o report_v 4._o i_o have_v know_v stake_n sharpen_v at_o the_o end_n for_o other_o purpose_n take_v root_n familiar_o in_o moist_a ground_n and_o become_v tree_n and_o divers_a have_v essay_v with_o extraordinary_a success_n the_o truncheon_n of_o the_o bough_n and_o arm_n of_o elm_n cut_v to_o the_o scantling_n of_o a_o man_n arm_n about_o a_o ell_n in_o length_n these_o must_v be_v chop_v on_o each_o side_n opposite_a and_o lay_v into_o trench_n about_o half_a a_o foot_n deep_a cover_v about_o two_o or_o three_o finger_n deep_a with_o good_a mould_n the_o season_n for_o this_o work_n be_v towards_o the_o exit_z of_o january_n or_o early_o in_o february_n if_o the_o frost_n impede_fw-la not_o and_o after_o the_o first_o year_n you_o may_v cut_v or_o see_v the_o truncheon_n off_o in_o as_o many_o place_n as_o you_o find_v cause_n and_o as_o the_o shoot_v and_o root_a sprouts_n will_v direct_v you_o for_o transplantation_n another_o expedient_a for_o the_o propagation_n of_o elm_n be_v this_o let_v trench_n be_v sink_v at_o a_o good_a distance_n viz._n twenty_o or_o thirty_o yard_n from_o such_o tree_n as_o stand_v in_o hedgerow_n and_o in_o such_o order_n as_o you_o desire_v your_o elm_n shall_v grow_v where_o these_o gutter_n be_v many_o young_a elm_n will_v spring_v from_o the_o small_a root_n of_o the_o adjoin_a tree_n divide_v after_o one_o year_n the_o shoot_v from_o their_o mother-root_n which_o you_o may_v dextrous_o do_v with_o a_o sharp_a spade_n these_o transplant_v will_v prove_v good_a tree_n without_o any_o damage_n to_o their_o progenitor_n or_o do_v thus_o lop_v a_o young_a elm_n the_o lop_n be_v about_o three_o year_n growth_n do_v it_o in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o march_n when_o the_o sap_n begin_v to_o creep_v up_o into_o the_o bough_n and_o the_o bud_n ready_a to_o break_v out_o cut_v the_o bough_n into_o length_n of_o four_o foot_n slant_v leave_v the_o knot_n where_o the_o bud_n seem_v to_o put_v forth_o in_o the_o middle_n interr_fw-la these_o short_a piece_n in_o trench_n of_o three_o or_o four_o inch_n deep_a and_o in_o good_a mouâ—d_n well_o tread_v and_o they_o will_v infallible_o produce_v you_o a_o crop_n for_o even_o the_o small_a sucker_n of_o elm_n will_v grow_v be_v set_v when_o the_o sap_n be_v new_o stir_v in_o they_o there_o be_v yet_o a_o four_o way_n no_o less_o expeditious_a and_o frequent_o confirm_v with_o excellent_a success_n bear_v some_o of_o the_o master-root_n of_o a_o vigorous_a tree_n within_o a_o foot_n of_o the_o trunk_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o with_o your_o axe_n make_v several_a chap_n put_v a_o small_a stone_n into_o every_o cl_a to_o hinder_v their_o closure_n and_o give_v access_n to_o the_o wet_a then_o cover_v they_o with_o three_o or_o four_o inch_n thick_a of_o earth_n and_o thus_o they_o will_v send_v forth_o sucker_n in_o abundance_n i_o assure_v you_o one_o single_a elm_n thus_o well_o order_v be_v a_o fair_a nursery_n which_o after_o two_o or_o three_o year_n you_o may_v separate_v and_o plant_v in_o the_o vlmarium_n or_o place_n design_v for_o they_o and_o which_o if_o it_o be_v in_o plump_n as_o they_o call_v they_o within_o ten_o or_o twelve_o foot_n of_o each_o other_o or_o in_o hedgerow_n it_o will_v be_v the_o better_a for_o the_o elm_n be_v a_o tree_n of_o consort_n sociable_a and_o so_o affect_v to_o grow_v in_o company_n that_o the_o very_o best_o which_o i_o have_v ever_o see_v do_v almost_o touch_v one_o another_o this_o also_o protect_v they_o from_o the_o wind_n and_o cause_v they_o to_o shoot_v of_o a_o extraordinary_a height_n so_o as_o in_o little_a more_o than_o forty_o year_n they_o even_o arrive_v to_o a_o load_n of_o timber_n provide_v they_o be_v sedulous_o and_o careful_o cultivate_v and_o the_o soil_v propitious_a for_o a_o elm_n do_v not_o thrive_v so_o well_o in_o the_o forest_n as_o where_o it_o may_v enjoy_v scope_n for_o the_o root_n to_o dilate_v and_o spread_v at_o the_o side_n as_o in_o hedgerow_n and_o avenue_n where_o they_o have_v the_o air_n likewise_o free_a 5._o there_o be_v beside_o these_o sort_n we_o have_v name_v one_o of_o a_o more_o scabrous_a harsh_a leaf_n but_o very_o large_a which_o become_v a_o huge_a tree_n and_o be_v distinguish_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o witch-hazel_n in_o our_o statute_n book_n as_o serve_v former_o to_o make_v long_a bow_n of_o but_o the_o timber_n be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o the_o first_o more_o vulgar_a but_o the_o bark_n at_o time_n of_o year_n will_v serve_v to_o make_v a_o course_n bast-rope_n with_o 6._o of_o all_o the_o tree_n which_o grow_v in_o our_o wood_n there_o be_v none_o which_o do_v better_o suffer_v the_o transplantation_n than_o the_o elm_n for_o you_o may_v remove_v a_o tree_n of_o twenty_o year_n growth_n with_o undoubted_a success_n it_o be_v a_o experiment_n i_o have_v make_v in_o a_o tree_n almost_o as_o big_a more_o as_o my_o waste_n but_o than_o you_o must_v total_o disbranch_v he_o leave_v only_o the_o summit_n entire_a and_o be_v careful_a to_o take_v he_o up_o with_o as_o much_o earth_n as_o you_o can_v refresh_v he_o with_o abundance_n of_o water_n this_o be_v a_o excellent_a and_o expeditious_a way_n for_o great_a person_n to_o plant_v the_o access_n of_o their_o house_n with_o for_o be_v dispose_v at_o sixteen_o or_o eighteen_o foot_n interval_n they_o will_v in_o a_o few_o year_n bear_v goodly_a head_n and_o thrive_v to_o admiration_n some_o that_o be_v very_o cautious_a emplaster_n the_o wound_a head_n of_o such_o overgrow_a elm_n with_o a_o mixture_n of_o clay_n and_o horse-dung_n bind_v about_o they_o with_o a_o wisp_n of_o hay_n or_o fine_a moss_n and_o i_o do_v not_o reprove_v it_o provide_v they_o take_v care_n to_o temper_v it_o well_o so_o as_o the_o vermin_n nestle_v not_o in_o it_o but_o for_o more_o ordinary_a plantation_n young_a tree_n which_o have_v their_o bark_n smooth_a and_o tender_a about_o the_o scantling_n of_o your_o leg_n and_o their_o head_n trim_v at_o five_o or_o six_o foot_n height_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o all_o other_o cato_n will_v have_v none_o of_o these_o sort_n of_o tree_n to_o be_v remove_v till_o they_o be_v five_o or_o six_o finger_n in_o diameter_n other_o think_v they_o can_v take_v they_o too_o young_a but_o experience_n the_o best_a mistress_n tell_v we_o that_o you_o can_v hardly_o plant_v
for_o which_o celerity_n we_o may_v recommend_v they_o to_o such_o late_a builder_n as_o seat_v their_o house_n in_o naked_a and_o unsheltered_a place_n and_o that_o will_v put_v a_o guise_n of_o antiquity_n upon_o any_o new_a enclosure_n since_o by_o these_o while_o a_o man_n be_v in_o a_o voyage_n of_o no_o long_a continuance_n his_o house_n and_o land_n may_v be_v so_o cover_v as_o to_o be_v hardly_o know_v at_o his_o return_n but_o as_o they_o thus_o increase_v in_o bulk_n their_o value_n as_o the_o italian_a poplar_n have_v teach_v we_o advance_v likewise_o which_o after_o the_o first_o seven_o year_n be_v annual_o worth_a twelve_o penny_n more_o so_o as_o the_o dutch_a look_n upon_o a_o plantation_n of_o these_o tree_n as_o a_o ample_a portion_n for_o a_o daughter_n and_o none_o of_o the_o least_o effect_n of_o their_o good_a husbandry_n which_o true_o may_v very_o well_o be_v allow_v if_o that_o calculation_n hold_v which_o the_o knight_n have_v assert_v who_o begin_v his_o plantation_n not_o long_o since_o about_o richmond_n that_o 30_o lib._n be_v lay_v out_o in_o these_o plant_n will_v render_v at_o the_o least_o ten_o thousand_o pound_n in_o eighteen_o year_n every_o tree_n afford_v thirty_o plant_n and_o every_o of_o they_o thirty_o more_o after_o each_o seven_o year_n improve_n twelve_o penny_n in_o growth_n till_o they_o arrive_v to_o their_o acme_n 7._o the_o black_a poplar_n grow_v rare_o with_o we_o it_o be_v a_o strong_a and_o tall_a tree_n than_o the_o white_a the_o leave_v more_o dark_a and_o not_o so_o ample_a divers_a stately_a one_o of_o these_o i_o remember_v about_o the_o bank_n of_o po_n in_o italy_n which_o river_n be_v the_o old_a eridanus_n so_o celebrate_v by_o the_o poet_n in_o which_o the_o temerarious_a phaeton_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v precipitate_v doubtless_o give_v argument_n to_o that_o fiction_n of_o his_o sad_a sister_n metamorphosis_n into_o these_o tree_n but_o for_o the_o amber_n of_o their_o precious_a tear_n i_o can_v hear_v of_o no_o such_o matter_n while_o pass_v down_o that_o river_n towards_o ferrara_n i_o divert_v myself_o with_o this_o story_n of_o the_o ingenious_a poet._n i_o be_o tell_v there_o be_v a_o mountain_n poplar_n much_o propagate_v in_o germany_n about_o vienna_n and_o in_o bohemia_n of_o which_o some_o tree_n have_v yield_v plank_n of_o a_o yard_n in_o breadth_n 8._o the_o best_a use_n of_o the_o poplar_n and_o abele_n which_o be_v all_o of_o they_o hospitable_a tree_n for_o any_o thing_n thrive_v under_o their_o shade_n be_v for_o walk_n and_o avenue_n about_o ground_n which_o be_v situate_v low_a and_o near_o the_o water_n till_o come_v to_o be_v very_o old_a they_o be_v apt_a to_o grow_v knurry_n and_o out_o of_o proportion_n the_o timber_n be_v incomparable_a for_o all_o sort_n of_o white_a wooden_a vessel_n as_o tray_n bowl_n and_o other_o turner_n ware_n and_o of_o especial_a use_n for_o the_o bellows-maker_n because_o it_o be_v almost_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o cork_n though_o not_o very_o solid_a yet_o very_o close_o also_o for_o wooden_a heel_n etc._n etc._n vitruvius_n l._n 2._o de_fw-la materia_fw-la caedenda_fw-la reckon_v it_o among_o the_o building_n timber_n quae_fw-la maximè_fw-la in_o aedificiis_fw-la sunt_fw-la idoneae_fw-la likewise_o to_o make_v cart_n because_o it_o be_v exceed_o light_a for_o vine_n and_o hop-prop_n and_o divers_a viminious_a work_n the_o lopping_n in_o january_n be_v for_o the_o fire_n and_o therefore_o such_o as_o have_v proper_a ground_n may_v with_o ease_n and_o in_o short_a time_n store_n themselves_o for_o a_o considerable_a family_n where_o fuel_n be_v dear_a but_o the_o truth_n be_v it_o burn_v untoward_o and_o rather_o moulder_n away_o than_o maintain_v any_o solid_a heat_n of_o the_o twig_n with_o the_o leaf_n on_o be_v make_v broom_n the_o brya_fw-la or_o catkin_n attract_v the_o bee_n as_o do_v also_o the_o leaf_n especial_o of_o the_o black_a more_o tenacious_a of_o the_o melâ—dews_n then_o most_o other_o forest-tree_n the_o oak_n except_v of_o the_o aspen_n our_o woodman_n make_v hoop_n firewood_n and_o coal_n etc._n etc._n the_o juice_n of_o poplar_n leave_v drop_v into_o the_o ear_n assuage_n the_o pain_n and_o the_o bud_n contuse_v and_o mix_v with_o honey_n be_v a_o good_a collyrium_n for_o the_o eye_n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o alder._n 1._o alnus_fw-la alder._n the_o alder_n be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o most_o faithful_a lover_n of_o watery_a and_o boggy_a place_n and_o those_o most_o despise_v weep_v part_n or_o water-gall_n of_o forest_n crassisque_fw-la paludibus_fw-la alni_fw-la they_o be_v propagate_v of_o truncheon_n and_o will_v come_v of_o seed_n for_o so_o they_o raise_v they_o in_o flanders_n and_o make_v wonderful_a profit_n of_o the_o plantation_n like_o the_o poplar_n or_o of_o root_n which_o i_o prefer_v be_v set_v as_o big_a as_o the_o small_a of_o one_o leg_n and_o in_o length_n about_o two_o foot_n whereof_o one_o will_v be_v plunge_v in_o the_o mud_n this_o profound_a fix_v of_o aquatic_a tree_n be_v to_o preserve_v they_o steady_a and_o from_o the_o concussion_n of_o the_o wind_n and_o violence_n of_o water_n in_o their_o liquid_a and_o slippery_a foundation_n they_o may_v be_v place_v at_o four_o or_o five_o foot_n distance_n and_o when_o they_o have_v strike_v root_n you_o may_v cut_v they_o which_o will_v cause_v they_o to_o spring_v in_o clump_n and_o to_o shoot_v out_o into_o many_o useful_a pole_n but_o if_o you_o plant_v small_a set_v cut_v they_o not_o till_o they_o be_v arrive_v to_o some_o competent_a bigness_n and_o that_o in_o a_o proper_a season_n which_o be_v for_o all_o the_o aquatics_n not_o till_o winter_n be_v well_o advance_v in_o regard_n of_o their_o pithy_a substance_n therefore_o such_o as_o you_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o make_v use_n of_o before_o that_o period_n aught_o to_o be_v well-grown_a and_o fall_v with_o the_o early_a and_o in_o the_o first_o quarter_n of_o the_o increase_a moon_n that_o so_o the_o successive_a shoot_n receive_v no_o prejudice_n but_o there_o be_v yet_o another_o way_n of_o plant_v alder_n after_o the_o jersey_n manner_n and_o as_o i_o receive_v it_o from_o a_o most_o ingenious_a gentleman_n of_o that_o country_n which_o be_v by_o take_v truncheon_n of_o two_o or_o three_o foot_n long_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o winter_n and_o to_o bind_v they_o in_o faggot_n and_o place_v the_o end_n of_o they_o in_o water_n till_o towards_o the_o spring_n by_o which_o season_n they_o will_v have_v contract_v a_o swell_a spire_n or_o knurr_n about_o that_o part_n which_o be_v set_v do_v like_o the_o gennet-moil_n apple_n never_o fail_v of_o grow_v and_o strike_v root_n there_o be_v a_o black_a sort_n more_o affect_v to_o wood_n and_o dry_a ground_n 2._o there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o husband_n who_o take_v excessive_a pain_n in_o stub_v up_o their_o alder_n where_o ever_o they_o meet_v they_o in_o the_o boggy_a place_n of_o their_o ground_n with_o the_o same_o indignation_n as_o one_o will_v exstirpate_v the_o most_o pernicious_a of_o weed_n and_o when_o they_o have_v finish_v know_v not_o how_o to_o convert_v their_o best_a land_n to_o more_o profit_n than_o this_o â—eeming_v despicable_a plant_n may_v lead_v they_o to_o be_v it_o right_o understand_v beside_o the_o shadow_n of_o this_o tree_n do_v feed_v and_o nourish_v the_o very_a grass_n which_o grow_v under_o it_o and_o be_v set_v and_o well_o plash_v be_v a_o excellent_a defence_n to_o the_o bank_n of_o river_n so_o as_o i_o wonder_v it_o be_v not_o more_o practise_v about_o the_o thames_n to_o fortify_v and_o prevent_v the_o moulder_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o the_o violent_a weather_n they_o be_v expose_v to_o 3._o you_o may_v cut_v aquatic-tree_n every_o three_o or_o four_o year_n and_o some_o more_o frequent_o as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o hereafter_o they_o shall_v also_o be_v abate_v within_o half_a a_o foot_n of_o the_o principal_a head_n to_o prevent_v the_o perish_a of_o the_o main_a stock_n and_o beside_o to_o accelerate_v their_o sprout_v in_o set_v the_o truncheon_n it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o prepare_v they_o a_o little_a after_o they_o be_v fit_v to_o the_o size_n by_o lay_v they_o a_o while_n in_o water_n this_o be_v also_o practicable_a in_o willow_n etc._n etc._n 4._o of_o old_a they_o make_v boat_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o this_o tree_n and_o except_v noah_n ark_n the_o first_o vessel_n we_o read_v of_o be_v make_v of_o this_o wood._n when_o hollow_a alder_n first_o the_o water_n try_v tunc_fw-la alnos_fw-la primum_fw-la fluvii_fw-la sensêre_fw-la cavatas_fw-la georg._n 1._o and_o down_o the_o rapid_a po_n light_a aldar_n glide_v nec_fw-la non_fw-la &_o torrentem_fw-la undam_fw-la levis_fw-la innatat_fw-la alnus_fw-la missa_fw-la pado_n 2._o and_o as_o then_o so_o now_o be_v overgrow_v alder_n frequent_o seek_v after_o for_o such_o
many_o thorny_a plum_n which_o be_v best_a for_o grain_n colour_n and_o gloss_n afford_v comparable_a for_o divers_a curious_a use_v with_o any_o we_o have_v enumerate_v the_o black-cherry-wood_n grow_v sometime_o to_o that_o bulk_n as_o be_v fit_a to_o make_v stool_n with_o cabinet_n table_n especial_o the_o red_a sort_n which_o will_v polish_v well_o also_o pipe_n and_o musical_a instrument_n the_o very_a bark_n employ_v for_o bee-hyve_n but_o of_o this_o i_o be_o to_o render_v a_o more_o ample_a account_n in_o the_o appendix_n to_o this_o discourse_n i_o will_v far_o recommend_v the_o more_o frequent_a plant_n and_o propagation_n of_o fir_n pine-tree_n and_o some_o other_o beneficial_a material_n both_o for_o ornament_n and_o profit_n especial_o since_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n they_o thrive_v so_o well_o where_o they_o be_v cultivate_v for_o curiosity_n only_o chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o fir_n pine_n pinaster_n pitch-tree_n etc._n etc._n 1._o aby_n pinus_n pinaster_n picea_n etc._n etc._n fir._n be_v all_o of_o they_o easy_o raise_v of_o the_o kernel_n and_o nut_n which_o may_v be_v get_v out_o of_o their_o cones_n and_o clog_n by_o expose_v they_o a_o little_a before_o the_o fire_n or_o in_o warm_a water_n till_o they_o begin_v to_o gape_v and_o be_v ready_a to_o deliver_v themselves_o of_o their_o numerous_a burden_n 2._o there_o be_v of_o the_o fir_n two_o principal_a species_n the_o male_n which_o be_v the_o big_a tree_n most_o beautiful_a and_o taper_a and_o of_o a_o hard_a wood_n the_o female_a which_o be_v much_o the_o soft_a and_o white_a though_o whiteness_n be_v not_o the_o best_a character_n that_o which_o know_v workman_n call_v the_o dram_n and_o that_o come_v to_o we_o from_o bergen_n swinsound_a moss_n longlound_n dranton_n etc._n etc._n long_o straight_o clear_a and_o of_o a_o yellow_a more_o cedrie_n colour_n be_v esteem_v much_o before_o the_o white_a for_o floore_v and_o wainscot_n for_o mast_n etc._n etc._n those_o of_o prusia_n which_o we_o call_v spruce_a and_o norway_n especial_o from_o gottenberg_n be_v the_o best_a unless_o we_o have_v more_o commerce_n of_o they_o from_o our_o plantation_n in_o new-england_n which_o be_v preferable_a to_o any_o of_o they_o in_o the_o scottish_a highland_n be_v tree_n of_o wonderful_a altitude_n though_o not_o altogether_o so_o tall_a thick_a and_o fine_a as_o the_o former_a which_o grow_v upon_o place_n so_o unaccessable_a and_o far_o from_o the_o sea_n that_o as_o one_o say_v they_o seem_v to_o be_v plant_v of_o god_n on_o purpose_n for_o nursery_n of_o seed_n and_o monitor_n to_o our_o industry_n reserve_v with_o other_o blessing_n to_o be_v discover_v in_o our_o day_n among_o the_o new-invented_n improvement_n of_o husbandry_n not_o know_v to_o our_o southern_a people_n of_o this_o nation_n etc._n etc._n do_v we_o consider_v the_o pain_n they_o take_v to_o bring_v they_o out_o of_o the_o alps_o we_o shall_v less_o stick_v at_o the_o difficulty_n of_o transport_v they_o from_o the_o utmost_a part_n of_o scotland_n to_o the_o former_a sort_n we_o may_v add_v the_o esterund_n fir_n tonsberry_n fredrick-stad_a hellerone_n holmstrand_n landifer_n stavenger_n lawrwat_n etc._n etc._n they_o may_v be_v sow_v in_o bed_n or_o case_n at_o any_o time_n during_o march_n and_o when_o they_o peep_v careful_o defend_v with_o furze_n or_o the_o like_a fence_n from_o the_o rapacious_a bird_n which_o be_v very_o apt_a to_o pull_v they_o up_o by_o take_v hold_n of_o that_o little_a infecund_a part_n of_o the_o seed_n which_o they_o common_o bear_v upon_o their_o top_n the_o bed_n wherein_o you_o sow_v they_o have_v need_n be_v shelter_v from_o the_o southern_a aspect_n with_o some_o screen_n of_o reed_n or_o thick_a hedge_n sow_v they_o in_o shallow_a rill_n not_o above_o half-inch-deep_a and_o cover_v they_o with_o fine_a light_a mould_n be_v rise_v a_o finger_n in_o height_n establish_v their_o weak_a stalk_n by_o sieft_v some_o more_o earth_n about_o they_o especial_o the_o pine_n which_o be_v more_o top-heavy_a be_v more_o apt_a to_o swag_v when_o they_o be_v of_o two_o or_o three_o year_n growth_n you_o may_v transplant_v they_o where_o you_o please_v and_o when_o they_o have_v get_v good_a root_n they_o will_v make_v prodigious_a shoot_n but_o not_o for_o the_o three_o or_o four_o first_o year_n comparative_o they_o will_v grow_v both_o in_o moist_a or_o barren_a gravel_n and_o poor_a ground_n so_o it_o be_v not_o over_o sandy_a and_o light_a but_o before_o sow_v i_o mean_v here_o for_o large_a design_n turn_v it_o up_o a_o foot_n deep_a sow_v or_o set_v your_o seed_n a_o hand_n distance_n and_o riddle_n earth_n upon_o they_o in_o five_o or_o six_o week_n they_o will_v peep_v when_o you_o transplant_v water_n they_o well_o before_o and_o cut_v the_o clod_n out_o about_o the_o root_n as_o you_o do_v melon_n out_o of_o the_o hot-bed_n which_o knead_v close_o to_o they_o like_o a_o egg_n thus_o they_o may_v be_v send_v safe_o many_o mile_n but_o the_o top_n must_v neither_o be_v bruise_v much_o less_o cut_v which_o will_v dwarf_n it_o for_o ever_o 3._o the_o best_a time_n to_o transplant_v be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o april_n they_o will_v thrive_v main_o in_o a_o stiff_a hungry_a clay_n but_o by_o no_o mean_n in_o over_o light_n or_o rich_a soil_n fill_v the_o hole_n therefore_o with_o such_o barren_a earth_n if_o your_o ground_n be_v improper_a of_o itself_o and_o if_o the_o clay_n be_v too_o stiff_a and_o untractable_a with_o a_o little_a sand_n remove_v with_o as_o much_o earth_n about_o the_o root_n as_o be_v possible_a though_o the_o fir_n will_v better_o endure_v a_o naked_a transplantation_n than_o the_o pine_n you_o may_v likewise_o sow_v in_o such_o earth_n about_o february_n they_o will_v make_v a_o shoot_v the_o very_a first_o year_n of_o a_o inch_n next_o a_o handful_n the_o three_o year_n three_o foot_n and_o thence_o forward_o above_o a_o yard_n annual_o a_o northern_a gentleman_n who_o have_v oblige_v i_o with_o this_o process_n upon_o his_o great_a experience_n assure_v i_o that_o there_o be_v tree_n plant_v in_o northumberland_n which_o be_v in_o few_o year_n grow_v to_o the_o magnitude_n of_o ship-mast_n and_o from_o all_o have_v be_v say_v deduce_v these_o encouragement_n 1._o the_o facility_n of_o their_o propagation_n 2._o the_o nature_n of_o their_o growth_n which_o be_v to_o affect_v place_n where_o nothing_o else_o will_v thrive_v 3._o their_o uniformity_n and_o beauty_n 4._o their_o perpetual_a verdure_n 5._o their_o sweetness_n 6._o their_o fruitfulness_n afford_v seed_n gum_n fuel_n and_o timber_n of_o all_o other_o wood_n the_o most_o useful_a and_o easy_a to_o work_v etc._n etc._n all_o which_o high_o recommend_v it_o as_o a_o excellent_a improvement_n of_o husbandry_n fit_a to_o be_v enjoin_v by_o some_o solemn_a edict_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o our_o island_n that_o we_o may_v have_v mast_n and_o those_o other_o material_n of_o our_o own_o growth_n 4._o the_o pine_n of_o which_o be_v reckon_v no_o less_o than_o ten_o several_a sort_n prefer_v the_o domestic_a or_o sative_a for_o the_o full_a growth_n be_v likewise_o of_o both_o sex_n whereof_o the_o male_a grow_n low_a have_v its_o wood_n more_o knotty_a and_o rude_a than_o the_o female_a they_o will_v be_v gather_v in_o june_n before_o they_o gape_v yet_o have_v hang_v two_o year_n for_o there_o will_v be_v always_o some_o ripe_a and_o some_o green_a on_o the_o same_o tree_n preserve_v they_o in_o their_o nut_n in_o sand_n as_o you_o treat_v acorn_n etc._n etc._n till_o the_o season_n invite_v and_o then_o set_v or_o sow_v they_o in_o ground_n which_o be_v cultivate_v like_o the_o fir_n in_o most_o respect_n only_o you_o may_v bury_v the_o nut_n a_o little_a deep_o by_o a_o friend_n of_o i_o they_o be_v roll_v in_o a_o fine_a compost_n make_v of_o sheeps-dung_n and_o scatter_v in_o february_n and_o this_o way_n never_o fail_v fir_n and_o pine_n they_o come_v to_o be_v above_o inch_n high_a by_o may_n and_o a_o spanish_a author_n tell_v we_o that_o macerate_v five_o day_n in_o a_o child_n urine_n and_o three_o day_n in_o water_n be_v of_o wonderful_a effect_n this_o be_v a_o expeditious_a process_n for_o great_a plantation_n unless_o you_o will_v rather_o set_v the_o pine_n as_o they_o do_v pease_n but_o at_o wide_a distance_n that_o when_o there_o be_v occasion_n of_o removal_n they_o may_v be_v take_v up_o with_o earth_n and_o all_o i_o say_v take_v up_o and_o not_o remove_v by_o euulsion_n because_o they_o be_v of_o all_o other_o tree_n the_o most_o obnoxious_a to_o miscarry_v without_o this_o caution_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v much_o better_a where_o the_o nut_n may_v be_v commodious_o set_v and_o defend_v never_o to_o remove_v they_o at_o all_o it_o give_v this_o tree_n so_o considerable_a a_o check_n the_o safe_a course_n
shall_v resolve_v to_o accomplish_v he_o will_v leave_v such_o a_o everlasting_a obligation_n on_o his_o people_n and_o raise_v such_o a_o monument_n to_o his_o fame_n as_o the_o age_n for_o a_o thousand_o year_n to_o come_v shall_v have_v cause_n to_o celebrate_v his_o precious_a memory_n and_o his_o royal_a successor_n to_o emulate_v his_o virtue_n for_o thus_o beside_o the_o future_a expectation_n it_o will_v in_o present_a be_v no_o deduction_n from_o his_o majesty_n treasure_n but_o some_o increase_n and_o fall_v in_o time_n to_o be_v a_o fair_a and_o worthy_a accession_n to_o it_o while_o this_o kind_n of_o propriety_n will_v be_v the_o most_o likely_a expedient_a to_o civilize_v those_o wild_a and_o poor_a bordurer_n and_o to_o secure_v the_o vast_a and_o spread_a heart_n of_o the_o forest_n which_o with_o all_o this_o indulgence_n will_v be_v ample_a enough_o for_o a_o princely_a demesne_n and_o if_o the_o difficulty_n be_v to_o find_v out_o who_o know_v or_o acknowledge_v what_o be_v the_o bordure_n this_o article_n be_v worthy_a and_o become_v of_o as_o serious_a a_o inquisition_n as_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n can_v contrive_v 5._o the_o sum_n of_o all_o be_v get_v the_o bordure_n well_o tenant_v by_o long_a term_n and_o easy_a rent_n and_o this_o will_v invite_v and_o encourage_v taker_n whilst_o the_o middle_a most_o secure_a and_o interior_a part_n will_v be_v a_o royal_a portion_n let_v his_o majesty_n therefore_o admit_v of_o any_o willing_a adventurer_n in_o this_o vast_a circle_n for_o such_o enclosure_n in_o the_o precinct_n and_o rather_o of_o more_o than_o of_o few_o though_o a_o hundred_o or_o two_o shall_v join_v together_o for_o any_o enclosure_n of_o five_o hundred_o acre_n more_o or_o less_o that_o multitude_n be_v thus_o engage_v the_o consideration_n may_v procure_v and_o facilitate_v a_o full_a discovery_n of_o latter_a encroachment_n and_o fortify_v the_o recovery_n by_o favourable_a rent_n improvement_n and_o reversion_n by_o copyhold_n or_o what_o other_o tenor_n and_o service_n his_o majesty_n shall_v please_v to_o accept_v of_o 6._o now_o for_o the_o plant_v of_o wood_n in_o such_o place_n which_o be_v the_o main_a design_n of_o this_o whole_a treatise_n the_o hill_n and_o rough_a ground_n will_v do_v well_o but_o they_o be_v the_o rich_a fat_a vale_n and_o flat_n which_o do_v best_a deserve_v the_o charge_n of_o wall_n such_o as_o that_o spot_n afford_v and_o the_o haw-thorn_n well_o plash_v single_a or_o double_a be_v a_o better_a and_o more_o natural_a fence_n than_o unmortered_a wall_n can_v our_o industry_n arrive_v to_o the_o make_n of_o such_o as_o we_o have_v describe_v beside_o they_o be_v last_v and_o profitable_a and_o than_o one_o may_v allow_v sufficient_a bordure_n for_o a_o mound_n of_o any_o thickness_n which_o may_v be_v the_o first_o charge_n and_o well_o support_v and_o reward_v by_o the_o culture_n of_o the_o land_n thus_o enclose_v 7._o for_o example_n suppose_v a_o man_n will_v take_v in_o 500_o acre_n of_o good_a land_n let_v the_o mound_n be_v of_o the_o wild_a ground_n as_o fit_a for_o wood_n two_o hedge_n with_o their_o vallation_n and_o trench_n will_v be_v requisite_a in_o all_o the_o round_a viz._n one_o next_o to_o the_o enclosure_n the_o other_o about_o the_o thicket_n to_o fence_v it_o from_o cattle_n this_o between_o the_o two_o hedge_n of_o whatsoever_o breadth_n be_v fit_a for_o plantation_n in_o these_o hedge_n may_v be_v try_v the_o plantation_n of_o stock_n in_o the_o interval_n all_o manner_n of_o wood-seed_n sow_v after_o competent_a plowing_n as_o acorn_n mast_n fir_n pine_n nut_n etc._n etc._n the_o first_o year_n chase_v away_o the_o bird_n because_o of_o the_o fir_n and_o pine_n seeds_n for_o reason_n give_v the_o second_o year_n loosen_v the_o ground_n and_o thin_a the_o supernumerary_n etc._n etc._n this_o be_v the_o most_o frugal_a way_n or_o by_o another_o method_n the_o waste_a place_n of_o forest_n and_o wood_n which_o by_o through_o experience_n be_v know_v and_o try_v may_v be_v perfect_o cleanse_v and_o then_o allow_v two_o or_o three_o plowing_n well_o root_v stock_n be_v set_v cut_v and_o trim_v as_o be_v requisite_a and_o that_o the_o timber-tree_n may_v be_v excellent_a those_o afterward_o copse_v and_o the_o choice_a stock_n keep_v shred_a if_o a_o enclosure_n be_v sow_v the_o seed_n may_v be_v as_o be_v direct_v of_o all_o the_o species_n not_o forget_v the_o best_a pine_n fir_n etc._n etc._n while_o the_o yearly_a removal_n of_o very_a encumbrance_n only_o will_v repay_v the_o workman_n who_o sell_v the_o quick_a or_o reserve_v it_o to_o store_v other_o enclosure_n and_o soften_v the_o circumjacent_a ground_n to_o the_o very_a great_a improvement_n of_o what_o remain_v 8._o and_o how_o if_o in_o such_o fencing-work_n we_o do_v sometime_o imitate_v what_o quintus_n curtius_n lib._n 6._o have_v record_v of_o the_o mardorum_fw-la gens_fw-la near_o to_o the_o confine_n of_o hyrcania_n who_o do_v by_o the_o close_o plant_v of_o tree_n alone_o upon_o the_o bordure_n give_v so_o strange_a a_o check_n to_o the_o power_n of_o that_o great_a conqueror_n alexander_n they_o be_v a_o barbarous_a people_n indeed_o but_o in_o this_o worthy_a our_o imitation_n and_o the_o work_n so_o handsome_o and_o particular_o describe_v that_o i_o shall_v not_o grieve_v to_o recite_v it_o arbores_n densae_fw-la sunt_fw-la de_fw-la industria_fw-la consitae_fw-la quarum_fw-la teneros_fw-la adhuc_fw-la ramos_fw-la manu_fw-la flectunt_fw-la quos_fw-la intortos_fw-la rursus_fw-la inserunt_fw-la terrae_fw-la ind_n velut_fw-la ex_fw-la alia_fw-la radice_fw-la laetiores_fw-la virent_fw-la trunci_fw-la hos_fw-la qua_fw-la natura_fw-la fert_fw-la adolescere_fw-la non_fw-la sinunt_fw-la quip_n alium_fw-la alii_fw-la quasi_fw-la nexu_fw-la conserunt_fw-la qui_fw-la ubi_fw-la multa_fw-la frond_n vestiti_fw-la sunt_fw-la operiunt_fw-la terram_fw-la itaque_fw-la occulti_fw-la ramorum_fw-la velut_fw-la laquei_fw-la perpetuá_fw-la sepe_fw-la iter_fw-la claudunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o tree_n say_v he_o be_v plant_v so_o near_o and_o thick_a together_o of_o purpose_n that_o when_o the_o bough_n be_v yet_o young_a and_o flexible_a bend_v and_o wreathe_v within_o one_o another_o their_o top_n be_v bow_v into_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o submerge_n our_o layer_n whence_o take_v fresh_a root_n they_o shoot_v up_o new_a stem_n which_o not_o be_v permit_v to_o grow_v as_o of_o themselves_o they_o will_v have_v do_v they_o so_o knit_v and_o perplex_v one_o within_o another_o that_o when_o they_o be_v clad_v with_o leaf_n they_o even_o cover_v the_o ground_n and_o enclose_v the_o whole_a country_n with_o a_o kind_n of_o live_a net_n and_o impenetrable_a hedge_n as_o the_o historian_n continue_v the_o description_n and_o this_o be_v not_o unlike_o what_o i_o be_o tell_v be_v frequent_o practise_v in_o divers_a place_n of_o devon_n where_o the_o oak_n be_v plant_v very_o near_o the_o foot_n of_o those_o high_a mound_n by_o which_o they_o separate_v their_o land_n so_o root_n themselves_o into_o the_o bank_n that_o when_o it_o fail_v and_o crumble_v down_o the_o fence_n continue_v still_o maintain_v by_o they_o with_o exceed_a profit_n such_o work_n as_o these_o will_v become_v a_o cato_n or_o varro_z indeed_o one_o that_o be_v pater_fw-la patriae_fw-la non_fw-la sibi_fw-la soli_fw-la natus_fw-la bear_v for_o posterity_n but_o we_o be_v common_o of_o another_o mould_n &_o fruges_fw-la consumere_fw-la nati_fw-la 9_o a_o fair_a advance_v for_o speedy_a growth_n and_o noble_a tree_n especial_o for_o walk_n and_o avenue_n may_v be_v assure_o expect_v from_o the_o graft_n of_o young_a oak_n and_o elm_n with_o the_o best_a of_o their_o kind_n and_o where_o the_o goodly_a of_o these_o last_o be_v grow_v the_o ground_n will_v be_v plow_v and_o fine_o rake_v in_o the_o season_n when_o the_o scale_n fall_v that_o the_o shower_n and_o dew_n fasten_v the_o seed_n where_o the_o wind_n drive_v it_o it_o may_v take_v root_n and_o hasten_v as_o it_o will_v to_o a_o sudden_a tree_n especial_o if_o seasonable_a shread_n be_v apply_v which_o have_v sometime_o make_v they_o arrive_v to_o the_o height_n of_o twelve_o foot_n by_o the_o first_o three_o year_n after_o which_o they_o grow_v a_o main_a and_o if_o such_o be_v plant_v as_o near_o to_o one_o another_o as_o in_o the_o example_n we_o have_v allege_v it_o be_v almost_o incredible_a what_o a_o pale_v they_o will_v be_v to_o our_o most_o expose_v plantation_n mount_v up_o their_o wooden_a wall_n to_o the_o cloud_n and_o indeed_o the_o shelve_v and_o natural_a declivity_n of_o the_o ground_n more_o or_o less_o to_o our_o unkind_a aspect_n and_o bleak_a wind_n do_v best_a direct_v to_o the_o thicken_a of_o these_o protection_n and_o the_o benefit_n of_o that_o soon_o appear_v and_o recompense_v our_o industry_n in_o the_o smoothness_n and_o integrity_n of_o the_o plantation_n so_o defend_v 10._o that_o great_a care_n be_v have_v of_o the_o
will_v have_v none_o transplant_v less_o than_o five_o finger_n in_o diametre_fw-la but_o i_o have_v show_v why_o we_o be_v not_o to_o attend_v so_o long_o for_o such_o as_o we_o raise_v of_o seedling_n in_o the_o interim_n if_o these_o direction_n appear_v too_o busy_a or_o operose_fw-la or_o that_o the_o plantation_n you_o intend_v be_v very_o ample_a a_o more_o compendious_a method_n will_v be_v the_o confuse_a sow_v of_o acorn_n etc._n etc._n in_o furrow_n two_o foot_n asunder_o cover_v at_o three_o finger_n depth_n and_o so_o for_o three_o year_n cleanse_v and_o the_o first_o winter_n cover_v with_o fearn_v without_o any_o far_a culture_n unless_o you_o transplant_v they_o but_o as_o i_o show_v before_o in_o nursery_n they_o will_v be_v cut_v a_o inch_n from_o the_o ground_n and_o then_o let_v stand_v till_o march_v the_o second_o year_n when_o it_o shall_v be_v sufficient_a to_o disbranch_v they_o to_o one_o only_a shoot_n whether_o you_o suffer_v they_o to_o stand_v or_o remove_v they_o elsewhere_o but_o to_o make_v a_o essay_n what_o seed_n be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o soil_n you_o may_v by_o the_o thrive_a of_o a_o promiscuous_a semination_n make_v a_o judgement_n of_o what_o each_o soil_n bear_v and_o what_o it_o do_v refuse_v quid_fw-la quaque_fw-la ferat_fw-la regio_fw-la &_o quid_fw-la quaque_fw-la recuset_fw-la transplant_n those_o which_o you_o find_v least_o agree_n with_o the_o place_n or_o else_o by_o copse_v the_o staruling_n in_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v new_o sow_v cause_v they_o sometime_o to_o overtake_v even_o their_o untouched_a contemporary_n 7._o but_o here_o some_o may_v inquire_v what_o distance_n i_o will_v general_o assign_v to_o transplant_v tree_n to_o this_o somewhat_o be_v say_v in_o the_o ensue_a period_n and_o as_o occasion_n offer_v though_o the_o promiscuous_a rise_n of_o they_o in_o forest-work_a wild_a and_o natural_a be_v to_o we_o i_o acknowledge_v more_o please_a than_o all_o the_o study_a accuracy_n in_o range_v of_o they_o unless_o it_o be_v where_o they_o conduct_v and_o lead_v we_o to_o avenue_n and_o be_v plant_v for_o vistas_n as_o the_o italian_n term_n be_v in_o which_o case_n the_o proportion_n of_o the_o breadth_n and_o length_n of_o the_o walk_n etc._n etc._n shall_v govern_v as_o well_o as_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o tree_n with_o this_o only_a note_n that_o such_o tree_n as_o be_v rather_o apt_a to_o spread_v than_o mount_v as_o the_o oak_n beech_n wall-nutt_n etc._n etc._n be_v dispose_v at_o wide_a interval_n than_o the_o other_o and_o such_o as_o grow_v best_a in_o consort_n as_o the_o elm_n ash_n limetree_n sycomore_n fir_n pine_n etc._n etc._n regard_n be_v likewise_o to_o be_v have_v to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o soil_n for_o this_o work_n v.g._n if_o tree_n that_o affect_v cold_a and_o moist_a ground_n be_v plant_v in_o hot_a and_o dry_a place_n than_o set_v they_o at_o close_a order_n but_o tree_n which_o love_v scorch_a and_o dry_a ground_n at_o far_a distance_n the_o like_a rule_n may_v also_o guide_v in_o situation_n expose_v to_o impetuous_a wind_n and_o other_o accident_n which_o may_v serve_v for_o general_a rule_n in_o this_o piece_n of_o tacty_n 8._o to_o leave_v nothing_o omit_v which_o may_v contribute_v to_o the_o stability_n of_o our_o transplant_v tree_n something_o be_v to_o be_v premise_v concern_v their_o stake_n and_o secure_v from_o external_a injury_n especial_o from_o wind_n and_o cattle_n against_o both_o which_o such_o as_o be_v plant_v in_o copse_n and_o for_o ample_a wood_n be_v sufficient_o defend_v by_o the_o mound_n and_o their_o close_a order_n especial_o if_o they_o rise_v of_o seed_n but_o where_o they_o be_v expose_v in_o single_a row_n as_o in_o walk_n and_o avenue_n the_o most_o effectual_a course_n be_v to_o empale_v they_o with_o three_o good_a quarter_n stake_v of_o competent_a length_n set_v in_o triangle_n and_o make_v fast_o to_o one_o another_o by_o short_a piece_n above_o and_o beneath_o in_o which_o a_o few_o bramble_n be_v stick_v secure_v it_o abundant_o without_o that_o choke_n or_o fret_v to_o which_o tree_n be_v obnoxious_a that_o be_v only_o single_a stake_v and_o bush_v as_o the_o vulgar_a manner_n be_v nor_o be_v the_o charge_n of_o this_o so_o considerable_a as_o the_o great_a advantage_n account_v for_o the_o frequent_a reparation_n which_o the_o other_o will_v require_v where_o cattle_n do_v not_o come_v i_o find_v a_o good_a piece_n of_o rope_n tie_v fast_o about_o the_o neck_n of_o tree_n upon_o a_o wisp_n of_o straw_n to_o preserve_v it_o from_o gal_v and_o the_o other_o end_n tight_o strain_v to_o a_o hook_n or_o peg_v in_o the_o ground_n as_o the_o shroud_n in_o ship_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o mast_n sufficient_o stablish_v my_o tree_n against_o the_o western_a blast_n without_o more_o trouble_n for_o the_o wind_n of_o other_o quarter_n seldom_o infest_v we_o but_o these_o cord_n have_v need_n be_v well_o pitch_v to_o preserve_v they_o from_o wet_a and_o so_o they_o will_v last_v many_o year_n i_o can_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n conceal_v what_o a_o noble_a person_n have_v assure_v i_o that_o in_o his_o goodly_a plantation_n of_o tree_n in_o scotland_n where_o they_o be_v continual_o expose_v to_o much_o great_a and_o more_o impetuous_a wind_n than_o we_o be_v usual_o acquaint_v with_o he_o never_o stake_v any_o of_o his_o tree_n but_o upon_o all_o disaster_n of_o this_o kind_n cause_v only_o his_o servant_n to_o redress_v and_o set_v they_o up_o again_o as_o oft_o as_o they_o happen_v to_o be_v overthrow_v which_o he_o have_v affirm_v to_o i_o thrive_v better_a with_o they_o than_o with_o those_o which_o he_o have_v stake_v and_o that_o at_o last_o they_o strike_v root_n so_o fast_o as_o nothing_o but_o the_o axe_n be_v able_a to_o prostrate_v they_o and_o there_o be_v good_a reason_n for_o it_o in_o my_o opinion_n whilst_o these_o concussion_n of_o the_o root_n loosen_v the_o mould_n not_o only_o make_v room_n for_o their_o more_o easy_a insinuation_n but_o likewise_o open_v and_o prepare_v it_o to_o receive_v and_o impart_v the_o better_a nourishment_n it_o be_v in_o another_o place_n i_o suggest_v that_o transplant_v pine_n and_o sir_n for_o want_v of_o their_o penetrate_a tap_n root_n be_v hardly_o consistent_a against_o these_o gust_n after_o they_o be_v grow_v high_a especial_o where_o they_o be_v set_v close_o and_o in_o tuft_n which_o betray_v they_o to_o the_o great_a disadvantage_n and_o therefore_o such_o tree_n do_v best_a in_o walk_n and_o at_o competent_a distance_n where_o they_o escape_v tolerable_o well_o such_o therefore_o as_o we_o design_v for_o wood_n of_o they_o shall_v be_v sow_v and_o never_o remove_v but_o of_o this_o hereafter_o i_o now_o proceed_v to_o particular_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o oak_n oak_n 1._o robur_n the_o oak_n i_o have_v sometime_o consider_v it_o very_o serious_o what_o shall_v move_v pliny_n to_o make_v a_o whole_a chapter_n of_o one_o only_a line_n which_o be_v less_o than_o the_o argument_n alone_o of_o most_o of_o the_o rest_n in_o his_o huge_a volumn_n but_o the_o weightiness_n of_o the_o matter_n do_v worthy_o excuse_v he_o who_o be_v not_o wont_a to_o spare_v his_o word_n or_o his_o reader_n glandiferi_fw-la maximè_fw-la generis_fw-la omnes_fw-la quibus_fw-la honos_fw-la apud_fw-la romanos_fw-la perpetuus_fw-la mast-bearing-tree_n be_v principal_o those_o which_o the_o roman_n hold_v in_o chief_a repute_n lib._n 6._o cap._n 3._o and_o in_o the_o follow_v where_o he_o treat_v of_o chaplet_n and_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o civic_a coronet_n it_o may_v be_v compose_v of_o the_o leave_n or_o branch_n of_o any_o oak_n provide_v it_o be_v a_o bear_a tree_n and_o have_v acorn_n upon_o it_o it_o be_v for_o the_o esteem_n which_o these_o wise_a and_o glorious_a people_n have_v of_o this_o tree_n above_o all_o other_o that_o i_o will_v first_o begin_v with_o the_o oak_n 2._o the_o oak_n be_v of_o four_o kind_n two_o of_o which_o be_v most_o common_a with_o we_o for_o we_o shall_v say_v little_a of_o the_o cerris_n goodly_a to_o look_v on_o but_o for_o little_a else_o the_o quercus_fw-la urbana_fw-la which_o grow_v more_o upright_a and_o be_v clean_o and_o light_a be_v fit_a for_o timber_n and_o the_o robur_n or_o quercus_fw-la sylvestris_n take_v robur_n for_o the_o general_a name_n at_o least_o as_o contradistinct_a from_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v of_o a_o hard_a black_a grain_n bear_v a_o small_a acorn_n and_o affect_v to_o spread_v in_o branch_n and_o to_o put_v forth_o his_o root_n more_o above_o ground_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o plant_n to_o be_v allow_v a_o great_a distance_n viz._n from_o twenty_o five_o to_o forty_o foot_n nay_o sometime_o as_o many_o yard_n whereas_o the_o other_o shoot_v up_o more_o erect_v will_v be_v content_v with_o fifteen_o this_o kind_n be_v far_a to_o be_v
a_o elm_n too_o big_a there_o be_v who_o pair_v away_o the_o root_n within_o two_o finger_n of_o the_o stem_n and_o quite_o cut_v off_o the_o head_n but_o i_o can_v commend_v this_o extreme_a severity_n no_o more_o than_o i_o do_v the_o strew_v of_o oat_n in_o the_o pit_n which_o ferment_v with_o the_o moisture_n and_o frequent_a watering_n be_v believe_v much_o to_o accelerate_v the_o put_n forth_o of_o the_o root_n not_o consider_v that_o for_o want_v of_o air_n they_o corrupt_v and_o grow_v musty_a which_o more_o frequent_o suffocate_v the_o root_n and_o endanger_v the_o whole_a tree_n 7._o i_o have_v affirm_v how_o patient_a this_o tree_n be_v of_o transplantation_n not_o only_o for_o that_o i_o observe_v so_o few_o of_o they_o to_o grow_v wild_a in_o england_n and_o where_o it_o may_v not_o be_v suspect_v but_o they_o or_o their_o predecessor_n have_v be_v plant_v by_o some_o industrious_a hand_n but_o for_o that_o those_o incomparable_a walk_n and_o vistas_n of_o they_o both_o at_o aranivez_n casa_n del_fw-it campo_n madrid_n the_o escurial_n and_o other_o place_n of_o delight_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n and_o grandee_n of_o spain_n be_v plant_v with_o such_o as_o they_o report_v philip_n the_o second_o cause_v to_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o england_n before_o which_o as_o that_o most_o honourable_a person_n the_o earl_n of_o sandwich_n now_o his_o majesty_n ambassador_n extraordinary_a at_o that_o court_n write_v to_o i_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v there_o be_v any_o of_o those_o tree_n in_o all_o spain_n in_o that_o princely_a seat_n it_o be_v that_o double_a row_n of_o they_o be_v plant_v in_o many_o place_n for_o a_o league_n together_o in_o length_n and_o some_o of_o they_o forty_o yard_n high_a which_o be_v keep_v strip_v up_o to_o the_o very_a top_n branch_n which_o must_v needs_o render_v a_o most_o glorious_a and_o agreeable_a effect_n no_o tree_n whatsoever_o become_v long_a walk_n and_o avenue_n comparable_o to_o this_o majestic_a plant_n but_o hear_v it_o as_o sweet_o advise_v as_o describe_v a_o elm_n for_o graceful_a verdure_n bushy_a bough_n a_o lofty_a top_n and_o a_o firm_a rind_n allow_v plant_v elm_n in_o border_n on_o the_o grasse-plot_n list_v branch_n of_o elm_n into_o thick_a arbour_n twist_v a_o gallery_n of_o elm_n draw_v to_o the_o end_n that_o eye_n can_v reach_v or_o a_o breathe_v race_n extend_v ut_fw-la viror_fw-la est_fw-la ulmo_fw-la laetus_fw-la ramique_fw-la comantes_fw-la arduus_fw-la alta_fw-la petens_fw-la &_o levi_fw-la cortice_fw-la truncus_fw-la vlmum_fw-la adhibe_fw-la ordinibus_fw-la quoties_fw-la fundenda_fw-la per_fw-la hortum_fw-la sunt_fw-la serie_fw-la spatia_fw-la ingenti_fw-la texendaque_fw-la totis_fw-la aestivos_fw-la contra_fw-la sole_n umbracula_fw-la campis_fw-la una_fw-la alius_fw-la inter_fw-la texendis_fw-la aptior_fw-la ulmus_fw-la marginibus_fw-la spatiorum_fw-la exornandoque_fw-la vireto_fw-la seque_fw-la adeo_fw-la series_n plano_fw-la super_fw-la aequore_fw-la tendat_fw-la vlmorum_fw-la tractu_fw-la longo_fw-la quantum_fw-la ipsa_fw-la tuentum_fw-la lumina_fw-la vel_fw-la gressus_fw-la valeant_fw-la lustrare_fw-la sequentum_fw-la rapinus_n 8._o the_o elm_n delight_v in_o a_o sound_n sweet_a and_o fertile_a land_n something_o more_o incline_v to_o moisture_n and_o where_o good_a pasture_n be_v produce_v though_o it_o will_v also_o prosper_v in_o the_o gravelly_a provide_v there_o be_v a_o competent_a depth_n of_o mould_n and_o be_v refresh_v with_o spring_n in_o defect_n of_o which_o be_v plant_v on_o the_o very_a surface_n of_o the_o ground_n the_o swarth_a pare_v first_o away_o and_o the_o earth_n stir_v a_o foot_n deep_a or_o more_o they_o will_v undoubted_o succeed_v but_o in_o this_o trial_n let_v the_o root_n be_v handsome_o spread_v and_o cover_v a_o foot_n or_o more_o in_o height_n and_o above_o all_o firm_o stake_v this_o be_v practicable_a also_o for_o other_o tree_n where_o the_o soil_n be_v over_o moist_a or_o unkind_a for_o as_o the_o elm_n do_v not_o thrive_v in_o too_o dry_a sandy_a or_o hot_a ground_n no_o more_o will_v it_o abide_v the_o cold_a and_o spongy_a but_o in_o place_n that_o be_v competent_o fertile_a or_o a_o little_a elevate_v from_o these_o annoyance_n as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o mound_n and_o casting_n up_o of_o ditch_n upon_o who_o bank_n the_o female_a sort_n do_v more_o natural_o delight_n though_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v so_o much_o more_o addict_v to_o some_o place_n than_o to_o other_o that_o i_o have_v frequent_o doubt_v whether_o it_o be_v a_o pure_a indigene_fw-la or_o translatitious_a and_o not_o only_o because_o i_o have_v hardly_o ever_o know_v any_o considerable_a wood_n of_o they_o beside_o some_o few_o nursery_n near_o cambridge_n plant_v i_o suppose_v for_o store_n but_o almost_o continual_o in_o tuft_n hedgrowe_n and_o mound_n and_o that_o shropshire_n and_o several_a other_o county_n have_v rare_o any_o grow_v in_o many_o mile_n together_o 9_o the_o elm_n be_v by_o reason_n of_o its_o aspire_a and_o taper_a growth_n unless_o it_o be_v top_v to_o enlarge_v the_o branch_n and_o make_v they_o spread_v low_a the_o least_o offensive_a to_o corn_n and_o pasture_n ground_n to_o both_o which_o and_o the_o cattle_n they_o afford_v a_o benign_a shade_n defence_n and_o agreeable_a ornament_n 10._o it_o will_v be_v plant_v as_o shallow_a as_o may_v be_v for_o as_o we_o note_v deep_o inter_v of_o root_n be_v among_o the_o catholic_n mistake_n and_o of_o this_o the_o great_a to_o which_o tree_n be_v obnoxious_a let_v new_o plant_v elm_n be_v keep_v moist_a by_o frequent_a refresh_n upon_o some_o half-rotten_a fern_n or_o litter_n lay_v about_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o stem_n the_o earth_n a_o little_a stir_v and_o depress_v for_o the_o better_a reception_n and_o retention_n of_o the_o water_n 11._o last_o your_o plantation_n must_v above_o all_o thing_n be_v careful_o preserve_v from_o cattle_n and_o the_o concussion_n of_o impetuous_a wind_n till_o they_o be_v out_o of_o reach_n of_o the_o one_o and_o sturdy_a enough_o to_o encounter_v the_o other_o 12._o when_o you_o lop_v the_o side-bough_n of_o a_o elm_n which_o may_v be_v about_o january_n for_o the_o fire_n and_o more_o frequent_o if_o you_o desire_v to_o have_v they_o tall_a or_o that_o you_o will_v form_v they_o into_o hedges_n for_o so_o they_o may_v be_v keep_v plash_v and_o thicken_v to_o the_o high_a twig_n afford_v both_o a_o magnificent_a and_o august_a defence_n against_o the_o wind_n and_o sun_n i_o say_v when_o you_o trim_v they_o be_v careful_a to_o indulge_v the_o top_n for_o they_o protect_v the_o body_n of_o your_o tree_n from_o the_o wet_a which_o always_o invade_v those_o part_n first_o and_o will_v in_o time_n perish_v they_o to_o the_o very_a heart_n so_o as_o elm_n begin_v thus_o to_o decay_v be_v not_o long_o prosperous_a sir_n hugh_n plat_v relate_v as_o from_o a_o expert_a carpenter_n that_o the_o bough_n and_o branch_n of_o a_o elm_n shall_v be_v leave_v a_o foot_n long_o next_o the_o trunk_n when_o they_o be_v lope_v but_o this_o be_v to_o my_o certain_a observation_n a_o very_a great_a mistake_n either_o in_o the_o relator_n or_o author_n for_o i_o have_v note_v many_o elm_n so_o disbranch_a that_o the_o remain_a stub_n grow_v immediate_o hollow_a and_o be_v as_o so_o many_o conduit_n or_o pipe_n to_o hold_v and_o convey_v the_o rain_n to_o the_o very_a body_n and_o heart_n of_o the_o tree_n 13._o there_o be_v a_o cloister_n of_o the_o right_a french_a elm_n in_o the_o little_a garden_n near_o to_o her_o majesty_n the_o queen_n mother_n chapel_n at_o somersethouse_n which_o be_v i_o suppose_v plant_v there_o by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o f.f._n capuchin_n that_o will_v perfect_o direct_v you_o to_o the_o incomparable_a use_n of_o this_o noble_a tree_n for_o shade_n and_o delight_n into_o whatever_o figure_n you_o will_v accustom_v they_o i_o have_v myself_o procure_v some_o of_o they_o from_o paris_n but_o they_o be_v so_o abuse_v in_o the_o transportation_n that_o they_o all_o perish_v save_o one_o which_o now_o flourish_v with_o i_o i_o have_v also_o hear_v of_o graft_n elm_n to_o a_o great_a improvement_n of_o their_o head_n virgil_n tell_v we_o they_o will_v join_v in_o marriage_n with_o the_o oak_n and_o they_o will_v both_o be_v try_v and_o that_o with_o the_o more_o probable_a success_n for_o such_o lignous_a kind_n if_o you_o graft_v under_o the_o earth_n upon_o or_o near_o the_o very_a root_n itself_o which_o be_v likely_a to_o entertain_v the_o cyon_n better_a than_o when_o more_o expose_v till_o it_o be_v well_o fix_v and_o have_v make_v some_o considerable_a progress_n 14._o when_o you_o will_v fell_n let_v the_o sap_n be_v perfect_o in_o repose_n as_o it_o be_v common_o about_o november_n or_o december_n after_o the_o frost_n have_v well_o nip_v they_o i_o have_v already_o allege_v my_o reason_n for_o it_o and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o both_o oak_n and_o elm_n so_o cut_v the_o very_a
water_n every_o time_n it_o rain_v this_o sink_v into_o the_o pore_n as_o be_v before_o hint_v be_v compel_v to_o divert_v its_o course_n as_o it_o pass_v through_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n wherever_o it_o encounter_v the_o knot_n of_o any_o of_o those_o branch_n which_o be_v cut_v off_o from_o the_o stem_n because_o their_o root_n not_o only_o deep_o penetrate_v towards_o the_o heart_n but_o be_v likewise_o of_o themselves_o very_o hard_o and_o impervious_a and_o the_o frequent_a obliquity_n of_o this_o course_n of_o the_o subside_v moisture_n by_o reason_n of_o these_o obstruction_n be_v as_o may_v be_v conceive_v the_o cause_n of_o those_o curious_a work_n which_o we_o find_v remarkable_a in_o this_o and_o other_o wood_n who_o branch_n grow_v thick_a from_o the_o stem_n we_o have_v show_v how_o by_o culture_n and_o strip_v up_o it_o arrive_v to_o a_o goodly_a tree_n and_o sure_o there_o be_v some_o of_o they_o of_o large_a bulk_n and_o noble_a shade_n that_o virgil_n shall_v choose_v it_o for_o the_o court_n of_o his_o evander_n one_o of_o his_o worthy_a prince_n in_o his_o best_a of_o poem_n sit_v in_o his_o maple-throne_n and_o when_o he_o bring_v aeneas_n into_o the_o royal_a cottage_n he_o make_v he_o this_o memorable_a compliment_n great_a say_v great_a cowley_n than_o ever_o be_v yet_o speak_v at_o the_o escurial_n the_o lovure_n or_o whitehall_n this_o humble_a roof_n this_o rustic_a court_n say_v he_o receive_v alcides_n crown_v with_o victory_n scorn_v not_o great_a guest_n the_o step_n where_o he_o have_v tread_v but_o contemn_v wealth_n and_o imitate_v a_o god_n haec_fw-la inquit_fw-la limina_fw-la victor_n alcides_n chap._n xii_o of_o the_o sycomor_n sycomor_fw-la 1._o the_o sycomor_n false_o so_o call_v be_v our_o acer_fw-la majus_fw-la one_o of_o the_o maples_n and_o be_v much_o more_o in_o reputation_n for_o its_o shade_n than_o it_o deserve_v for_o the_o leaf_n which_o fall_v early_o like_o those_o of_o the_o ash_n turn_v to_o mucilage_n and_o putrefy_v with_o the_o first_o moisture_n of_o the_o season_n so_o as_o they_o contaminate_v and_o mar_v our_o walk_n and_o be_v therefore_o by_o my_o consent_n to_o be_v banish_v from_o all_o curious_a garden_n and_o avenue_n 2._o there_o be_v in_o germany_n a_o better_a sort_n of_o sycomor_n then_o we_o wherewith_o they_o make_v saddle_n tree_n and_o divers_a other_o thing_n of_o use_n our_o own_o be_v excellent_a for_o trencher_n cart_n and_o plow-timber_n be_v light_n tough_a and_o not_o much_o inferior_a to_o ash_n itself_o and_o if_o the_o tree_n be_v very_o tall_a and_o handsome_a be_v the_o more_o tolerable_a for_o distant_a walk_n especial_o where_o other_o better_a tree_n prosper_v not_o so_o well_o or_o where_o a_o sudden_a shade_n be_v expect_v chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o horn-beam_n 1._o ostrys_n the_o horn-beam_n in_o latin_a ignorant_o the_o carpinus_n horn-beam_n be_v plant_v of_o set_v though_o it_o may_v likewise_o be_v raise_v from_o the_o seed_n which_o be_v mature_a in_o august_n shall_v be_v sow_v in_o october_n but_o the_o more_o expeditious_a way_n be_v by_o set_v of_o about_o a_o inch_n diametre_fw-la and_o cut_v within_o half_a a_o foot_n of_o the_o earth_n thus_o it_o will_v advance_v to_o a_o considerable_a tree_n the_o place_n it_o chief_o desire_v to_o grow_v in_o be_v in_o cold_a hill_n and_o in_o the_o barren_a and_o most_o expose_v part_n of_o wood_n 2._o among_o other_o use_n which_o it_o serve_v for_o as_o mill-cogs_a etc._n etc._n for_o which_o it_o excel_v either_o yew_n or_o crab_n yoak-timber_n whence_o of_o old_a it_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d head_n of_o beetle_n stock_n and_o handle_n of_o tool_n it_o be_v likewise_o for_o the_o turner_n use_n excellent_a good_a firewood_n where_o it_o burn_v like_o a_o candle_n and_o be_v of_o old_a so_o employ_v carpinus_n taedas_fw-la fissa_fw-la facésque_fw-la dabit_fw-la for_o all_o which_o purpose_v its_o extreme_a toughness_n and_o whiteness_n commend_v it_o to_o the_o husbandman_n be_v plant_v in_o small_a foss_n or_o trench_n at_o half_a a_o foot_n interval_n and_o in_o the_o single_a row_n it_o make_v the_o noble_a and_o the_o stately_a hedge_n for_o long_a walk_n in_o garden_n or_o park_n of_o any_o tree_n whatsoever_o who_o leaf_n be_v deciduos_fw-la and_o forsake_v their_o branch_n in_o winter_n because_o it_o grow_v tall_a and_o so_o sturdy_a as_o not_o to_o be_v wrong_v by_o the_o wind_n beside_o it_o will_v furnish_v to_o the_o very_a foot_n of_o the_o stem_n and_o flourish_n with_o a_o glossie_n and_o polish_a verdure_n which_o be_v exceed_o delightful_a of_o long_a continuance_n and_o of_o all_o other_o the_o hard_a wood_n the_o speedy_a grower_n maintain_v a_o slender_a upright_o stem_n which_o do_v not_o come_v to_o be_v bare_a and_o sticky_a in_o many_o year_n that_o admirable_a espalier-hedge_n in_o the_o long_a middle-walk_a of_o luxembourg_n garden_n at_o paris_n than_o which_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o graceful_a be_v plant_v of_o this_o tree_n and_o so_o be_v that_o cradle_n or_o close_o walk_v with_o that_o perplex_a canopy_n which_o cover_v the_o seat_n in_o his_o majesty_n garden_n at_o hampton-court_n these_o hedge_n be_v tonsile_a but_o where_o they_o be_v maintain_v to_o fifteen_o or_o twenty_o foot_n height_n which_o be_v very_o frequent_a in_o the_o place_n before_o mention_v they_o be_v to_o be_v cut_v and_o keep_v in_o order_n with_o a_o since_o of_o four_o foot_n long_o and_o very_o little_o falcate_v this_o be_v fix_v on_o a_o long_a sneed_a or_o straight_o handle_v and_o do_v wonderful_o expedite_v the_o trim_n of_o these_o and_o the_o like_a hedge_n 3._o they_o very_o frequent_o plant_v a_o clump_a of_o these_o tree_n before_o the_o entry_n of_o most_o of_o the_o great_a town_n in_o germany_n to_o which_o they_o apply_v timber-frames_a for_o convenience_n and_o the_o people_n to_o sit_v and_o solace_n in_o scamozzi_n the_o architect_n say_v that_o in_o his_o time_n he_o find_v one_o who_o branch_n extend_v seventy_o foot_n in_o breadth_n this_o be_v at_o vuimfen_n near_o the_o necker_n belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o witemberg_n but_o that_o which_o i_o find_v plant_v before_o the_o gate_n of_o strasburgh_n be_v a_o platanus_n and_o a_o lime_n tree_n grow_v hard_o by_o one_o another_o in_o which_o be_v erect_v a_o pergolo_n eight_o foot_n from_o the_o ground_n of_o fifty_o foot_n wide_a have_v ten_o arch_n of_o twelve_o foot_n height_n all_o shade_a with_o their_o folige_n and_o there_o be_v beside_o this_o a_o overgrown_a oak_n which_o have_v a_o arbour_n in_o it_o of_o 60_o foot_n diameter_n hear_v we_o rapinus_n describe_v the_o use_n of_o our_o horn-beam_n for_o these_o and_o other_o elegancy_n in_o walk_n the_o horn-beam_n stand_v or_o in_o a_o maze_n through_o thousand_o self-entangling_a labyrinth_n stray_v so_o clasp_v the_o branch_n lop_v on_o either_o side_n as_o though_o a_o alley_n do_v two_o wall_n divide_v this_o beauty_n find_v order_n do_v next_o adorn_v the_o bough_n into_o a_o thousand_o figure_n shear_v which_o please_v object_n weariness_n betray_v your_o foot_n into_o a_o wilderness_n convey_v nor_o better_a leaf_n on_o twine_a arbour_n spread_v against_o the_o scorch_a sun_n to_o shield_v your_o head_n in_o tractus_fw-la longos_fw-la facilis_fw-la tibi_fw-la carpinus_n ibit_fw-la mille_fw-la per_fw-la errores_fw-la indeprehensosque_fw-la recessus_fw-la et_fw-la molles_fw-la tendens_fw-la secto_fw-la seu_fw-la pariete_n ramos_fw-la praebebit_fw-la viridem_fw-la diverso_fw-la e_fw-la margin_n scenam_fw-la primus_fw-la honos_fw-la illi_fw-la quondam_a post_fw-la aditus_fw-la ordâ—_n est_fw-la attonsaeque_fw-la coma_fw-la &_o formis_fw-la quaesita_fw-la voluptas_fw-la innumeris_fw-la fartoque_fw-la viae_fw-la obliquoque_fw-la recessu_fw-la in_o tractus_fw-la acta_fw-la est_fw-la longos_fw-la &_o opaca_fw-la vireta_fw-la quinetiam_fw-la egregiae_fw-la tendens_fw-la umbracula_fw-la frondis_fw-la temperate_a ardentes_fw-la ramis_fw-la ingentibus_fw-la aestus_fw-la chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o limetree_n limetree_n tilia_fw-la the_o limetree_n or_o linden_n be_v of_o two_o kind_n the_o male_n which_o some_o allow_v to_o be_v but_o a_o fine_a sort_n of_o elm_n be_v hard_a full_a of_o knot_n and_o of_o a_o red_a colour_n but_o produce_v neither_o flower_n nor_o seed_n as_o do_v the_o female_a who_o blossom_n be_v very_o odoriferous_a perfume_a the_o air_n the_o wood_n be_v likewise_o thick_a of_o small_a pith_n and_o not_o obnoxious_a to_o the_o worm_n so_o as_o it_o seem_v theophrastus_n de_fw-fr pl._n l._n 3._o c._n 10._o say_v true_a that_o though_o they_o be_v of_o both_o sex_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n yet_o they_o total_o differ_v as_o to_o their_o form_n we_o send_v common_o for_o this_o tree_n into_o flanders_n and_o holland_n to_o our_o excessive_a cost_n while_o our_o own_o wood_n do_v in_o some_o place_n spontaneous_o produce_v they_o and_o though_o of_o somewhat_o a_o small_a leaf_n yet_o
building_n as_o lie_v continual_o under_o water_n where_o it_o will_v harden_v like_o a_o very_a stone_n whereas_o be_v keep_v in_o any_o unconstant_a temper_n it_o rot_v immediate_o because_o its_o natural_a humidity_n be_v of_o so_o near_a affinity_n with_o its_o adventitious_a as_o scaliger_n assign_v the_o cause_n vitruvius_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o morass_n about_o ravenna_n in_o italy_n be_v pile_v with_o this_o timber_n to_o superstruct_v upon_o and_o high_o commend_v it_o i_o find_v also_o they_o use_v it_o under_o that_o famous_a bridge_n at_o venice_n the_o rialto_n which_o pass_v over_o the_o gran-canal_n bear_v a_o vast_a weight_n 5._o the_o pole_n of_o alder_n be_v as_o useful_a as_o those_o of_o willow_n but_o the_o coal_n far_o exceed_v they_o especial_o for_o gunpowder_n the_o wood_n be_v likewise_o useful_a for_o pile_n pump_n hop-pole_n water-pipe_n trough_n sluice_n small_a tray_n and_o trencher_n wooden-heel_n the_o bark_n be_v precious_a to_o dyer_n and_o some_o tanner_n and_o leather-dresser_n make_v use_v of_o it_o and_o with_o it_o and_o the_o fruit_n in_o stead_n of_o gall_n they_o make_v ink._n the_o fresh_a leave_n alone_o apply_v to_o the_o naked_a sole_n of_o the_o foot_n infinite_o refresh_v the_o surbate_z traveller_n and_o the_o swell_a bunch_n which_o be_v now_o and_o then_o find_v in_o the_o old_a tree_n afford_v the_o inlayer_n piece_n curious_o chamblet_v and_o very_o hard_a etc._n etc._n but_o the_o faggot_n better_o for_o the_o fire_n than_o for_o the_o drain_n of_o ground_n by_o place_v they_o as_o the_o guise_n be_v in_o the_o trench_n which_o old_a rubbish_n of_o flint_n stone_n and_o the_o like_a gross_a material_n do_v infinite_o exceed_v because_o it_o be_v for_o ever_o preserve_v the_o drain_v hollow_a and_o be_v a_o little_a mould_v over_o will_v produce_v good_a grass_n without_o any_o detriment_n to_o the_o ground_n but_o this_o be_v a_o secret_a not_o yet_o well_o understand_v and_o will_v merit_v a_o express_a paragraph_n be_v it_o here_o seasonable_a &_o jam_fw-la nos_fw-la inter_fw-la opacas_fw-la musa_fw-la vocat_fw-la salices_n chap._n xx._n of_o the_o withy_a sally_n ozier_n and_o willow_n 1._o salix_fw-la wâ—tâ—_n since_o cato_n have_v attribute_v the_o three_o place_n to_o the_o salictum_fw-la prefer_v it_o even_o next_o to_o the_o very_a ortyard_n and_o what_o one_o will_v wonder_v at_o before_o even_o the_o olive_n meadow_n or_o cornfield_n itself_o for_o salictum_fw-la tertio_fw-la loco_fw-la nempe_fw-la post_fw-la vineam_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o that_o we_o find_v it_o so_o easy_o raise_v of_o so_o great_a and_o universal_a use_n i_o have_v think_v good_a to_o be_v the_o more_o particular_a in_o my_o discourse_n upon_o they_o especial_o since_o so_o much_o of_o that_o which_o shall_v publish_v concern_v they_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o long_a experience_n of_o a_o most_o learned_a and_o ingenious_a person_n from_o who_o i_o acknowledge_v to_o have_v receive_v many_o of_o these_o hint_n not_o to_o perplex_v the_o reader_n with_o the_o various_a name_n greek_a gallic_n sabinic_n amerine_n vitex_n etc._n etc._n better_o distinguish_v by_o their_o growth_n and_o bark_n and_o by_o latin_a author_n all_o comprehend_v under_o that_o of_o salices_n and_o our_o english_a book_n reckon_v they_o promiscuous_o thus_o the_o common-white_a willow_n the_o black_a and_o the_o hard-black_a the_o rose_n of_o cambridge_n the_o black-withy_a the_o round-long_a sallow_a the_o long_a sallow_a the_o lesser-broad-leaved_a willow_n silver_n sallow_a upright_o broad-willow_n repent_v broad-leafed_a the_o red-stone_n the_o lesser_a willow_n the_o strait-dwarf_n the_o creeper_n the_o black-low-willow_n the_o willow-bay_n and_o the_o osier_n i_o begin_v with_o the_o withy_a 2._o the_o withy_a be_v a_o reasonable_a large_a tree_n and_o fit_a to_o be_v plant_v on_o high_a bank_n because_o they_o extend_v their_o root_n deep_a than_o either_o salley_n or_o willow_n for_o this_o reason_n you_o shall_v plant_v they_o at_o ten_o or_o twenty_o foot_n distance_n and_o though_o they_o grow_v the_o slow_a of_o all_o the_o twiggie_a tree_n yet_o do_v they_o recompense_v it_o with_o the_o large_a crop_n the_o wood_n be_v tough_a and_o the_o twig_n fit_a to_o bind_v strong_o the_o very_a peeling_n of_o the_o branch_n be_v useful_a to_o bind_v arbor-poling_a and_o in_o topiary_a work_n vineyard_n espalier-fruit_n and_o the_o like_a there_o be_v two_o principal_a sort_n of_o these_o withies_n the_o hoary_a and_o the_o red_a withy_n which_o be_v the_o greek_a tough_a and_o fit_a to_o bind_v while_o the_o twig_n be_v flexible_a and_o tender_a sally_n 3._o sally_n grow_v much_o fast_o if_o they_o be_v plant_v within_o reach_n of_o water_n or_o in_o a_o very_a moorish_a ground_n or_o flat_a plain_a and_o where_o the_o soil_n be_v by_o reason_n of_o extraordinary_a moisture_n unfit_a for_o arable_a or_o meadow_n for_o in_o these_o case_n it_o be_v a_o extraordinary_a improvement_n in_o a_o word_n where_o birch_n and_o alder_n will_v thrive_v before_o you_o plant_v they_o it_o be_v find_v best_a to_o turn_v the_o ground_n with_o a_o spade_n especial_o if_o you_o design_v they_o for_o a_o flat_a we_o have_v three_o sort_n of_o sally_n among_o we_o which_o be_v one_o more_o than_o the_o ancient_n challenge_v who_o name_n only_o the_o black_a and_o white_a which_o be_v their_o nitellina_n the_o vulgar_a which_o prove_v best_a in_o dry_a bank_n and_o the_o hopping-sallye_n which_o require_v a_o moist_a soil_n grow_v with_o incredible_a celerity_n and_o a_o three_o kind_n of_o a_o different_a colour_n from_o the_o other_o two_o have_v the_o twig_n red_a the_o leaf_n not_o so_o long_o and_o of_o a_o more_o dusky_a green_a more_o brittle_a whilst_o it_o be_v grow_v in_o twig_n and_o more_o tough_a when_o arrive_v to_o a_o competent_a size_n all_o of_o they_o useful_a for_o the_o thatcher_n 4._o of_o these_o the_o hopping-sallye_n be_v in_o great_a esteem_n be_v of_o a_o clear_a terse_a grain_n and_o require_v a_o more_o succulent_a soil_n best_o plant_v a_o foot_n deep_a and_o a_o foot_n and_o half_a above_o ground_n though_o some_o will_v allow_v but_o a_o foot_n for_o then_o every_o branch_n will_v prove_v excellent_a for_o future_a settle_n after_o three_o year_n growth_n be_v crop_v the_o second_o and_o three_o the_o first_o year_n increase_n will_v be_v betwixt_o eight_o and_o twelve_o foot_n long_o general_o the_o three_o year_n growth_n strong_a enough_o to_o make_v rake_n and_o pike-stave_n and_o the_o four_o for_o m._n blithes_n trench_a blow_n and_o other_o like_a utensil_n of_o the_o husbandman_n 5._o if_o you_o plant_v they_o at_o full_a height_n as_o some_o do_v at_o four_o year_n growth_n set_v they_o five_o or_o six_o foot_n length_n to_o avoid_v the_o bite_n of_o cattle_n they_o will_v be_v less_o useful_a for_o straight_a staff_n and_o for_o settle_n and_o make_v less_o speed_n in_o their_o growth_n yet_o this_o also_o be_v a_o considerable_a improvement_n 6._o these_o will_v require_v to_o be_v plant_v at_o least_o five_o foot_n distance_n some_o set_v they_o as_o much_o more_o and_o in_o the_o quincunx_fw-la order_n if_o they_o affect_v the_o soil_n the_o leaf_n will_v come_v large_a half_o as_o broad_a as_o a_o man_n hand_n and_o of_o a_o more_o vivid_v green_a always_o large_a the_o first_o year_n than_o afterward_o some_o plant_v they_o slope_v and_o crosswise_o like_o a_o hedge_n but_o this_o impede_v their_o wonderful_a growth_n and_o though_o pliny_n seem_v to_o commend_v it_o teach_v we_o how_o to_o excorticate_v some_o place_n of_o each_o set_v for_o the_o soon_o production_n of_o shoot_n it_o be_v but_o a_o deceitful_a fence_n neither_o fit_a to_o keep_v out_o swine_n nor_o sheep_n and_o be_v set_v too_o near_o incline_v to_o one_o another_o they_o soon_o destroy_v each_o other_o 7._o the_o worst_a sally_n may_v be_v plant_v so_o near_o yet_o as_o to_o be_v instead_o of_o stake_n in_o a_o hedge_n and_o then_o their_o top_n will_v supply_v their_o dwarfishnesse_n and_o to_o prevent_v hedge-breaker_n many_o do_v thus_o plant_v they_o because_o they_o can_v easy_o be_v pull_v up_o after_o once_o they_o have_v strike_v root_n 8._o if_o some_o be_v permit_v to_o wear_v their_o top_n five_o or_o six_o year_n their_o palm_n will_v be_v very_o ample_a and_o yield_v the_o first_o and_o most_o plentiful_a relief_n to_o bee_n even_o before_o our_o apricot_n blossom_n the_o hopping-sallys_a open_a and_o yield_v their_o palm_n before_o other_o sally_n and_o when_o they_o be_v blow_v which_o be_v about_o the_o exit_z of_o may_n or_o sometime_o june_n the_o palm_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d frugiperdae_fw-la as_o homer_n term_v they_o for_o their_o extreme_a levity_n be_v four_o inch_n long_o and_o full_a of_o a_o fine_a lanuginous_a cotton_n a_o poor_a body_n may_v in_o a_o hour_n space_n gather_v a_o pound_n or_o two_o of_o
it_o rot_v they_o and_o therefore_o never_o choose_v to_o set_v they_o so_o deep_a as_o to_o send_v it_o and_o at_o three_o or_o four_o foot_n distance_n 21._o the_o season_n for_o plant_v be_v january_a and_o all_o february_n though_o some_o not_o till_o mid_a february_n at_o two_o foot_n square_a but_o cattle_n be_v excessive_o liquorish_a of_o their_o leaf_n and_o tender_a bud_n some_o talk_n of_o a_o graft_n they_o out_o of_o reach_n upon_o sally_n and_o by_o this_o to_o advance_v their_o sprout_v but_o as_o the_o work_n will_v consume_v time_n so_o have_v i_o never_o see_v it_o succeed_v 22._o some_o do_v also_o plant_v oziers_n in_o their_o eight_o like_o quicksets_a thick_a and_o near_o the_o water_n keep_v they_o not_o more_o than_o half_a a_o foot_n above_o ground_n but_o then_o they_o must_v be_v diligent_o cleanse_v from_o moss_n slab_n and_o ouze_n and_o frequent_o prune_v especial_o the_o small_a spire_n to_o form_v single_a shoot_v at_o least_o that_o few_o or_o none_o grow_v double_a these_o they_o head_n every_o second_o year_n about_o september_n the_o autumnal_a cut_n be_v best_o for_o use_v but_o general_o 23._o you_o may_v cut_v withies_n sally_n and_o willow_n at_o any_o mild_a and_o gentle_a season_n between_o leaf_n and_o leaf_n even_o in_o winter_n but_o the_o most_o congruous_a time_n both_o to_o plant_v and_o to_o cut_v they_o be_v crescente_fw-la lunâ_fw-la vere_n circa_fw-la calendas_fw-la martias_n that_o be_v about_o the_o new_a moon_n and_o first_o open_a weather_n of_o the_o early_a spring_n 24._o it_o be_v in_o france_n upon_o the_o loire_n where_o these_o eight_o as_o we_o call_v they_o and_o plantation_n of_o oziers_n and_o withies_n be_v perfect_o understand_v and_o both_o there_o and_o in_o divers_a other_o country_n beyond_o sea_n they_o raise_v they_o of_o the_o seed_n contain_v in_o their_o juli_n or_o catkin_n which_o they_o sow_v in_o furrow_n or_o shallow_a trench_n and_o it_o spring_v up_o like_a corn_n in_o the_o blade_n and_o come_v to_o be_v so_o tender_a and_o delicate_a that_o they_o frequent_o mow_v they_o with_o a_o scyth_n this_o we_o have_v attempt_v in_o england_n too_o even_o in_o the_o place_n where_o i_o live_v but_o the_o obstinate_a and_o unmerciful_a weed_n do_v so_o confound_v they_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o keep_v they_o clean_o with_o any_o ordinary_a industry_n and_o so_o they_o be_v give_v over_o it_o seem_v either_o weed_n grow_v not_o so_o fast_o in_o other_o country_n or_o that_o the_o people_n which_o i_o rather_o think_v be_v more_o patient_a and_o laborious_a the_o osier_n be_v of_o that_o emolument_fw-fr that_o in_o some_o place_n i_o have_v hear_v twenty-pound_n have_v be_v give_v for_o one_o acre_n ten_o be_v in_o this_o part_n a_o usual_a price_n and_o doubtless_o it_o be_v far_o preferable_a to_o the_o best_a corn-land_n not_o only_o for_o that_o it_o need_v but_o once_o plant_v but_o because_o it_o yield_v a_o constant_a crop_n and_o revenue_n to_o the_o world_n end_n and_o be_v therefore_o in_o esteem_n of_o know_v person_n value_v in_o purchase_n according_o consider_v likewise_o how_o easy_o it_o be_v renew_v when_o a_o plant_n now_o and_o then_o fail_v by_o but_o prick_v in_o a_o twig_n of_o the_o next_o at_o hand_n when_o you_o visie_n to_o cut_v they_o we_o have_v in_o this_o parish_n where_o i_o dwell_v improve_v land_n from_o less_o than_o one_o pound_n to_o near_o ten_o pound_n the_o acre_n and_o when_o we_o shall_v reflect_v upon_o the_o infinite_a quantity_n of_o they_o we_o yearly_o bring_v out_o of_o france_n and_o flanders_n to_o supply_v the_o extraordinary_a expense_n of_o basket-work_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o fruiterer_n lime-burners_a gardener_n cooper_n packer_n up_o of_o all_o sort_n of_o ware_n and_o for_o general_a carriage_n which_o seldom_o last_v above_o a_o journey_n or_o two_o i_o great_o admire_v gentleman_n do_v no_o more_o think_v of_o employ_v their_o moist_a ground_n especial_o where_o tide_n near_o fresh_a river_n be_v reciprocal_a in_o plant_v and_o propagate_a oziers_n to_o omit_v nothing_o of_o the_o culture_n of_o this_o useful_a osier_n pliny_n will_v have_v the_o place_n to_o be_v prepare_v by_o trench_v it_o a_o foot_n and_o half_a deep_a and_o in_o that_o to_o fix_v the_o set_n or_o cut_n of_o the_o same_o length_n at_o six_o foot_n interval_n these_o if_o the_o set_v be_v large_a will_v come_v immediate_o to_o be_v tree_n which_o after_o the_o first_o three_o year_n be_v to_o be_v abate_v within_o two_o foot_n of_o the_o ground_n then_o in_o april_n he_o advise_v to_o dig_v about_o they_o of_o these_o they_o former_o make_v vine-prop_n and_o one_o acre_n have_v be_v know_v to_o yield_v prop_n sufficient_a to_o serve_v a_o vineyard_n of_o twenty_o five_o acre_n 25._o john_n tradescant_n bring_v a_o small_a osier_n from_o s._n omers_n in_o flanders_n which_o make_v incomparable_a networks_a not_o much_o inferior_a to_o the_o indian_a twig_n or_o bent-workâ—_a which_o we_o have_v see_v but_o if_o we_o have_v they_o in_o great_a abundance_n we_o shall_v haply_o want_v the_o artificer_n who_o can_v employ_v they_o willow_n 26._o our_o common_a salix_fw-la or_o willow_n be_v of_o two_o kind_n the_o white_a and_o the_o black_a the_o white_a be_v also_o of_o two_o sort_n the_o one_o of_o a_o yellowish_a the_o other_o of_o a_o brown_a bark_n the_o black_a willow_n be_v plant_v of_o stake_n of_o three_o year_n growth_n take_v from_o the_o head_n of_o a_o old_a tree_n before_o it_o begin_v to_o sprout_v set_v they_o of_o six_o foot_n high_a and_o ten_o distant_a those_o woody_n sort_n of_o willow_n delight_n in_o mead_n and_o ditch-side_n rather_o dry_a then_o over_o wet_a for_o so_o they_o last_v long_a yet_o the_o black_a sort_n and_o the_o radish_n do_v sometime_o well_o in_o more_o boggy_a ground_n and_o will_v be_v plant_v of_o stake_n as_o big_a as_o on_o his_o leg_n cut_v as_o the_o other_o at_o the_o length_n of_o five_o or_o six_o foot_n and_o fix_v a_o foot_n or_o more_o into_o the_o earth_n the_o hole_n make_v with_o a_o oken-stake_n and_o beetle_n or_o with_o a_o iron_n crow_n some_o use_n a_o long_a augur_n so_o as_o not_o to_o be_v force_v in_o with_o too_o great_a violence_n but_o first_o the_o truncheon_n shall_v be_v a_o little_a slope_v at_o both_o extreme_n and_o the_o big_a plant_v downward_o to_o this_o if_o they_o be_v soak_v in_o water_n two_o or_o three_o day_n after_o they_o have_v be_v size_v for_o length_n and_o the_o twig_n cut_v off_o ere_o you_o plant_v they_o it_o will_v be_v the_o better_a let_v this_o be_v do_v in_o february_n the_o mould_n as_o well_o close_v to_o they_o as_o possible_a and_o treat_v as_o be_v teach_v in_o the_o poplar_n if_o you_o plant_v for_o a_o kind_n of_o wood_n or_o coppse_n for_o such_o i_o have_v see_v set_v they_o at_o six_o foot_n distance_n or_o near_o in_o the_o quincunx_fw-la and_o be_v careful_a to_o take_v away_o all_o sucker_n from_o they_o at_o three_o year_n end_n you_o may_v abate_v the_o head_n half_o a_o foot_n from_o the_o trunk_n viz._n three_o or_o four_o of_o the_o lusty_a shoot_v and_o the_o rest_n cut_v close_o and_o bear_v they_o yearly_o that_o the_o three_o or_o four_o you_o leave_v may_v enjoy_v all_o the_o sap_n and_o so_o those_o which_o be_v spare_v will_v be_v gallant_a perche_n within_o two_o year_n arm_n of_o four_o year_n growth_n will_v yield_v substantial_a set_v to_o be_v plant_v at_o eight_o or_o ten_o foot_n distance_n and_o for_o the_o first_o three_o year_n well_o defend_v from_o the_o cattle_n who_o infinite_o delight_v in_o their_o leaf_n green_a or_o wither_a thus_o a_o willow_n may_v continue_v twenty_o or_o five_o and_o twenty_o year_n with_o good_a profit_n to_o the_o industrious_a planter_n be_v head_v every_o four_o or_o five_o year_n some_o have_v be_v know_v to_o shoot_v no_o less_o than_o twelve_o foot_n in_o one_o year_n after_o which_o the_o old_a rot_a dotard_n may_v be_v fell_v and_o easy_o supply_v but_o if_o you_o have_v ground_n fit_a for_o whole_a coppse_n of_o this_o wood_n cast_v it_o into_o double_a dikes_n make_v every_o foss_n near_o three_o foot_n wide_a two_o and_o half_a in_o depth_n then_o leave_v four_o foot_n at_o least_o of_o ground_n for_o the_o earth_n because_o in_o such_o plantation_n the_o moisture_n shall_v be_v below_o the_o root_n that_o they_o may_v rather_o see_v than_o feel_v the_o water_n and_o two_o table_n of_o set_v on_o each_o side_n plant_v the_o ridge_n of_o these_o bank_n with_o but_o one_o single_a table_n long_o and_o big_a than_o the_o collateral_a viz._n three_o four_o five_o or_o six_o foot_n high_a and_o distant_a from_o each_o other_o about_o two_o yard_n these_o bank_n be_v careful_o keep_v weed_v
for_o the_o first_o two_o year_n till_o the_o plant_n have_v vanquish_v the_o grass_n and_o not_o cut_v till_o the_o three_o then_o lop_v they_o traverse_v and_o not_o oblique_o at_o one_o foot_n from_o the_o ground_n or_o somewhat_o more_o and_o he_o will_v head_n to_o admiration_n but_o such_o which_o be_v cut_v at_o three_o foot_n height_n be_v most_o durable_a as_o least_o soft_a and_o aquatic_a they_o may_v also_o be_v graff_v betwixt_o the_o bark_n or_o bud_v and_o then_o they_o become_v so_o beautiful_a as_o to_o be_v fit_a for_o some_o kind_n of_o delightful_a walk_n and_o this_o i_o wish_v be_v practise_v among_o such_o as_o be_v seat_v in_o low_a and_o marshy_a place_n not_o so_o friendly_a to_o other_o tree_n every_o acre_n at_o eleven_o or_o twelve_o year_n growth_n may_v yield_v you_o near_o a_o hundred_o load_v of_o wood_n cut_v they_o in_o the_o spring_n for_o dress_v but_o in_o the_o fall_n for_o timber_n and_o fuel_n i_o have_v be_v inform_v that_o a_o gentleman_n in_o essex_n have_v lop_v no_o less_o than_o 2000_o yearly_a all_o of_o his_o own_o plant_n it_o be_v far_o the_o sweet_a of_o all_o our_o english_a fuel_n provide_v it_o be_v sound_n and_o dry_a and_o emit_v little_a smoke_n be_v the_o fit_a for_o lady_n chamber_n and_o all_o those_o wood_n and_o twig_n will_v be_v cut_v either_o to_o plant_v work_v with_o or_o burn_v in_o the_o dry_v time_n of_o the_o day_n 27._o there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o willow_n of_o a_o slender_a and_o long_a leaf_n resemble_v the_o small_a osier_n but_o rise_v to_o a_o tree_n as_o big_a as_o the_o sally_n full_a of_o knot_n and_o of_o a_o very_a brittle_a spray_n only_o here_o rehearse_v to_o acknowledge_v the_o variety_n 28._o there_o be_v likewise_o the_o garden-willow_n which_o produce_v a_o sweet_a and_o beautiful_a flower_n fit_a to_o be_v admit_v into_o our_o hortulan_n ornament_n and_o may_v be_v set_v for_o partition_n of_o square_n but_o they_o have_v no_o affinity_n with_o other_o there_o be_v also_o in_o shropshire_n another_o very_a odoriferous_a kind_n 29._o what_o most_o of_o the_o former_a enumerated_a kind_n differ_v from_o the_o sally_n be_v indeed_o not_o much_o considerable_a they_o be_v general_o useful_a for_o the_o same_o purpose_n as_o box_n such_o as_o apothecary_n and_o goldsmith_n use_v for_o cart-saddle-tree_n yea_o gun-stock_n and_o half-pike_n harrow_n shoemaker_n last_v heel_n clog_n for_o patten_n fork_n rake_n especial_o the_o tooth_n which_o shall_v be_v wedge_v with_o oak_n but_o let_v they_o not_o be_v cut_v for_o this_o when_o the_o sap_n be_v stir_v because_o they_o will_v shrink_v perche_n hop-pole_n rice_v of_o kidny-bean_n and_o for_o supporter_n to_o vine_n when_o our_o english_a vineyard_n come_v more_o in_o request_n also_o for_o hurdle_n sieve_n lattice_n for_o the_o turner_n kyele-pin_n great_a town-topps_n for_o platter_n little_a cash_n and_o vessel_n especial_o to_o preserve_v verjuice_n in_o the_o best_a of_o any_o pail_n be_v also_o make_v of_o cleave_a willow_n dorser_n fruit-basket_n cann_n hive_n for_o bee_n trencher_n tray_n and_o for_o polish_n and_o whet_v table-knive_n the_o butler_n will_v find_v it_o above_o any_o wood_n or_o whetstone_n also_o for_o coal_n and_o bavin_n not_o forget_v the_o fresh_a bough_n which_o of_o all_o the_o tree_n in_o nature_n yield_v the_o most_o chaste_a and_o cool_v shade_n in_o the_o hot_a season_n of_o the_o day_n and_o this_o umbrage_n so_o wholesome_a that_o physician_n prescribe_v it_o to_o feverish_a person_n permit_v they_o to_o be_v place_v even_o about_o their_o bed_n as_o a_o safe_a and_o comfortable_a refrigerium_fw-la the_o wood_n be_v preserve_v dry_a will_v dure_v a_o very_a long_a time_n but_o that_o which_o be_v find_v whole_o putrify_v and_o reduce_v to_o a_o loamy_a earth_n in_o the_o hollow_a trunk_n of_o superannuated_a tree_n be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o fit_a to_o be_v mingle_v with_o fine_a mould_n for_o the_o raise_v our_o choice_a flower_n such_o as_o anemony_n ranunculus_n auriculas_fw-la and_o the_o like_a what_o will_v we_o more_o low_o broom_n and_o sally_n wild_a or_o feed_v the_o flock_n or_o shepherd_n shade_n or_o field_n hedge_n about_o or_o do_v we_o honey_n yield_v quid_fw-la majora_fw-la sequâ—r_fw-la salices_n humilesque_fw-la genista_fw-la aut_fw-la illae_fw-la pecori_fw-la frondem_fw-la aut_fw-la pastoribus_fw-la umbram_fw-la sufficiunt_fw-la sepemque_fw-la satis_fw-la &_o pabula_fw-la melli_fw-la georg._n 2._o 30._o now_o by_o all_o these_o plantation_n of_o the_o aquatic_a tree_n it_o be_v evident_a the_o lord_n of_o moorish_a commons_o and_o unprofitable_a waste_v may_v learn_v some_o improvement_n and_o the_o neighbour_n bee_n be_v gratify_v and_o many_o tool_n of_o husbandry_n become_v much_o cheap_a i_o conclude_v with_o the_o learned_a stephanus_n note_n upon_o these_o kind_n of_o tree_n after_o he_o have_v enumerate_v the_o universal_a benefit_n of_o the_o salictum_fw-la nullius_fw-la enim_fw-la tutior_fw-la reditus_fw-la minorisve_fw-la impendii_fw-la aut_fw-la tempestatis_fw-la securior_fw-la chap._n xxi_o of_o fence_n quicksets_a etc._n etc._n 1._o our_o main_a plantation_n be_v now_o finish_v fence_n and_o our_o forest_n adorn_v with_o a_o just_a variety_n but_o what_o be_v yet_o all_o this_o labour_n but_o loss_n of_o time_n and_o irreparable_a expense_n unless_o our_o young_a and_o as_o yet_o tender_a plant_n be_v sufficient_o guard_v from_o all_o external_a injury_n for_o as_o old_a tusser_n if_o cattle_n or_o coney_n may_v enter_v to_o crop_n young_a oak_n be_v in_o danger_n of_o lose_v his_o cop._n but_o with_o something_o a_o more_o polish_a stile_n though_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n the_o best_a of_o poet_n plash_n fence_n thy_o plantation_n round_o about_o and_o whilst_o yet_o young_a be_v sure_o keep_v cattle_n out_o severe_a winter_n scorch_a sun_n infest_v and_o sheep_n goat_n bullock_n all_o young_a plant_n molest_v yet_o neither_o cold_a nor_o the_o hoar_a rigid_a frost_n nor_o heat_v reflect_v from_o the_o rocky_a coast_n like_o cattle_n tree_n and_o tender_a shoot_v confound_v when_o with_o envenom_a tooth_n the_o twig_n they_o wound_v texendae_fw-la sepe_v etiam_fw-la &_o pecus_fw-la omne_fw-la tenendum_fw-la est_fw-la praecipuè_fw-la dum_fw-la frons_fw-la tenera_fw-la imprudensque_fw-la laborum_fw-la cui_fw-la super_fw-la indignas_fw-la hyeme_v solemque_fw-la potentem_fw-la sylvestres_fw-mi vri_fw-la assiduè_fw-la capreaeque_fw-la sequaces_fw-la illudunt_fw-la pascuntur_fw-la oves_fw-la avidaeque_fw-la juvenâ—ae_fw-la frigora_fw-la nec_fw-la tantum_fw-la cana_fw-la concreta_fw-la pruina_fw-la aut_fw-la gravis_fw-la incumbens_fw-la scopulis_fw-la arentibus_fw-la astas_fw-la quantum_fw-la illi_fw-la nocuere_fw-la greges_fw-la durique_fw-la venenum_fw-la dentis_fw-la &_o admorso_fw-la signata_fw-la in_o stirpe_fw-la cicatrix_fw-la georg._n 2._o 2._o for_o the_o reason_n that_o so_o many_o complain_v of_o the_o improsperous_a condition_n of_o their_o wood-land_n and_o plantation_n of_o this_o kind_n proceed_v from_o this_o neglect_n though_o sheep_n except_v there_o be_v no_o employment_n whatsoever_o incident_a to_o the_o farmer_n which_o require_v less_o expense_n to_o gratify_v their_o expectation_n one_o diligent_a and_o skilful_a man_n will_v govern_v five_o hundred_o acre_n but_o if_o through_o any_o accident_n a_o beast_n shall_v break_v into_o his_o master_n field_n or_o the_o wicked_a hunter_n make_v a_o gap_n for_o his_o dog_n and_o horse_n what_o a_o clamour_n be_v there_o make_v for_o the_o disturbance_n of_o a_o year_n crop_v at_o most_o in_o a_o little_a corn_n while_o abandon_v his_o young_a wood_n all_o this_o time_n and_o perhaps_o many_o year_n to_o the_o venomous_a bite_n and_o tread_v of_o cattle_n and_o other_o like_a injury_n for_o want_n of_o due_a care_n the_o detriment_n be_v many_o time_n irreparable_a young_a tree_n once_o crop_v hardly_o ever_o recover_v it_o be_v the_o bane_n of_o all_o our_o most_o hopeful_a timber_n 3._o but_o shall_v i_o provoke_v you_o by_o a_o instance_n a_o kinsman_n of_o i_o have_v a_o wood_n of_o more_o than_o 60_o year_n stand_v it_o be_v before_o he_o purchase_v it_o expose_v and_o abandon_v to_o the_o cattle_n for_o divers_a year_n some_o of_o the_o outward_a skirt_n be_v nothing_o save_o shrub_n and_o miserable_a staruling_n yet_o still_o the_o place_n have_v a_o disposition_n to_o grow_v woody_a but_o by_o this_o neglect_n continual_o suppress_v the_o industrious_a gentleman_n have_v fence_v in_o some_o acre_n of_o this_o and_o cut_v all_o close_a to_o the_o ground_n it_o be_v come_v in_o eight_o or_o nine_o year_n to_o be_v better_a worth_n than_o the_o wood_n of_o sixty_o and_o will_v in_o time_n prove_v most_o incomparable_a timber_n while_o the_o other_o part_n so_o many_o year_n advance_v shall_v never_o recover_v and_o all_o this_o from_o no_o other_o cause_n than_o preserve_v it_o fence_v judge_v then_o by_o this_o how_o our_o wood_n come_v to_o be_v so_o decry_v be_v five_o hundred_o sheep_n worthy_a the_o care_n of_o a_o shepherd_n and_o
husbandman_n be_v perfect_o skill_v in_o it_o 10._o the_o root_n of_o a_o old_a thorn_n be_v excellent_a both_o for_o box_n and_o comb_n and_o be_v curious_o and_o natural_o wrought_v i_o have_v read_v that_o they_o make_v rib_n to_o some_o small_a boat_n or_o vessel_n with_o the_o white-thorn_n the_o black-crab_n right_o season_v and_o treat_v be_v famous_a for_o walking-stave_n and_o if_o overgrow_a use_v in_o mill-work_n here_o we_o owe_v due_a elegy_n to_o the_o industry_n of_o that_o honourable_a person_n my_o lord_n ashley_n who_o have_v teach_v we_o to_o make_v such_o enclosure_n of_o crab-stock_n only_o plant_v close_o to_o one_o another_o as_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o impregnable_a and_o become_a or_o you_o may_v sow_v sider-kernel_n in_o a_o rill_n and_o fence_v it_o for_o a_o while_n with_o a_o double_a dry_a hedge_n not_o only_o for_o a_o sudden_a and_o beautiful_a but_o a_o very_a profitable_a enclosure_n because_o among_o other_o benefit_n they_o will_v yield_v you_o sider-fruit_n in_o abundance_n but_o in_o devonshire_n they_o build_v two_o wall_n with_o their_o stone_n set_v they_o edge-way_n two_o and_o then_o one_o between_o and_o so_o as_o it_o rise_v fill_v the_o interval_n or_o cofer_n with_o earth_n the_o breadth_n and_o height_n as_o you_o please_v and_o continue_v the_o stonework_n and_o fill_v and_o as_o you_o work_v beat_v in_o the_o stone_n flat_a to_o the_o side_n which_o cause_v they_o to_o stick_v everlasting_o this_o be_v absolute_o the_o neat_a most_o save_v and_o profitable_a fence_a imaginable_a where_o slaty_a stone_n be_v in_o any_o abundance_n and_o it_o become_v not_o only_o the_o most_o secure_a to_o the_o land_n but_o the_o best_a for_o cattle_n to_o lie_v warm_a under_o the_o wall_n when_o other_o hedge_n be_v they_o never_o so_o thick_a admit_v of_o some_o cold_a wind_n in_o winter_n time_n that_o the_o leaf_n be_v of_o upon_o these_o bank_n they_o plant_v not_o only_o quick_a set_n but_o even_o timber-tree_n which_o exceed_o thrive_v be_v out_o of_o all_o danger_n 11._o the_o pyracanth_n paliurus_n and_o like_o pretios_a sort_n of_o thorn_n may_v easy_o be_v propagate_v into_o plenty_n sufficient_a to_o store_n even_o these_o vulgar_a use_v be_v man_n industrious_a and_o then_o how_o beautiful_a and_o sweet_a will_v the_o environ_n of_o our_o field_n be_v for_o there_o be_v none_o of_o the_o spinous_a shrub_n more_o hardy_a nor_o fit_a for_o our_o defence_n thus_o may_v berbery_n now_o and_o then_o be_v also_o insert_v among_o our_o hedge_n which_o with_o the_o hip_n haw_n and_o cornel-berry_n do_v well_o in_o light_a land_n and_o will_v rather_o be_v plant_v to_o the_o south_n than_o north_n or_o west_n as_o usual_o we_o observe_v they_o 13._o some_o as_o we_o note_v mingle_v their_o very_a hedge_n with_o oakling_n ash_n and_o fruit_n tree_n sow_v or_o plant_v and_o it_o be_v a_o laudable_a improvement_n though_o other_o do_v rather_o recommend_v to_o we_o set_v of_o all_o one_o sort_n and_o will_v not_o so_o much_o as_o admit_v of_o the_o blackthorn_n to_o be_v mingle_v with_o the_o white_a because_o of_o their_o unequal_a progress_n and_o indeed_o timber-tree_n set_v in_o the_o hedge_n though_o contemporary_n with_o it_o do_v frequent_o wear_v it_o out_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v rather_o encourage_v such_o plantation_n to_o be_v at_o some_o yard_n near_o the_o verges_z than_o perpendicular_o in_o they_o 14._o in_o cornwall_n they_o secure_v their_o land_n and_o wood_n with_o high_a mound_n and_o on_o they_o they_o plant_v acorn_n who_o root_n bind_v in_o the_o loose_a mould_n and_o so_o form_v a_o double_a and_o most_o durable_a fence_n encircle_v the_o field_n with_o a_o coronet_n of_o tree_n they_o do_v likewise_o and_o that_o with_o great_a commendation_n make_v hedge_n of_o our_o genista_fw-la spinosa_n prickly_a furze_n of_o which_o they_o have_v a_o tall_a sort_n furze_n such_o as_o the_o french_a employ_v for_o the_o same_o purpose_n in_o bretaigne_n where_o they_o be_v incomparable_a husband_n 15._o it_o be_v to_o be_v sow_v which_o be_v best_a or_o plant_v of_o the_o root_n in_o a_o furrow_n if_o sow_v weed_v till_o it_o be_v strong_a both_o tonsile_n and_o to_o be_v diligent_o clip_v which_o will_v render_v it_o very_o thick_a a_o excellent_a and_o beautiful_a hedge_n otherwise_o permit_v to_o grow_v at_o large_a it_o will_v yield_v very_o good_a faggot_n it_o be_v likewise_o admirable_a covert_n for_o wildfowl_n and_o will_v be_v make_v to_o grow_v even_o in_o moist_a as_o well_o as_o dry_a place_n the_o young_a and_o tender_a top_n of_o furze_n be_v a_o little_a bruise_v and_o give_v to_o a_o lean_a sickly_a horse_n will_v strange_o recover_v and_o plump_a he_o thus_o in_o some_o place_n they_o sow_v in_o barren_a ground_n when_o they_o lie_v they_o down_o the_o last_o crop_n with_o this_o seed_n and_o so_o let_v they_o remain_v till_o they_o break_v they_o up_o again_o and_o during_o that_o interim_n reap_v considerable_a advantage_n will_v you_o believe_v write_v a_o worthy_a correspondent_n of_o i_o that_o in_o herefordshire_n famous_a for_o plenty_n of_o wood_n their_o thicket_n of_o furze_n viz._n the_o vulgar_a shall_v yield_v they_o more_o profit_n than_o a_o like_a quantity_n of_o the_o best_a wheat_n land_n of_o england_n for_o such_o be_v they_o if_o this_o be_v question_v the_o scene_n be_v within_o a_o mile_n of_o hereford_n and_o prove_v by_o anniversary_n experience_n in_o the_o land_n as_o i_o take_v it_o of_o a_o gentleman_n who_o be_v now_o one_o of_o the_o burgess_n for_o that_o city_n and_o in_o devonshire_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o best_a husband_n in_o the_o world_n they_o sow_v on_o their_o worst_a land_n well_o plow_v the_o seed_n of_o the_o rank_a furze_n which_o in_o four_o or_o five_o year_n become_v a_o rich_a wood_n no_o provender_n as_o we_o say_v make_v horse_n so_o hardy_a as_o the_o young_a top_n of_o these_o furze_n no_o other_o wood_n so_o thick_a nor_o more_o excellent_a fuel_n and_o for_o some_o purpose_n also_o yield_v they_o a_o kind_n of_o timber_n to_o their_o more_o humble_a building_n and_o a_o great_a refuge_n for_o fowl_n and_o other_o game_n i_o be_o assure_v in_o bretaigne_n it_o be_v sometime_o sow_v no_o less_o than_o twelve_o yard_n thick_a for_o a_o speedy_a profitable_a and_o impenetrable_a mound_n if_o we_o imitate_v this_o husbandry_n in_o the_o barren_a place_n of_o surrey_n and_o other_o part_n of_o this_o nation_n we_o may_v exceed_o spare_v our_o wood_n and_o i_o have_v buy_v the_o best_a sort_n of_o french_a seed_n at_o the_o shop_n in_o london_n it_o seem_v that_o in_o the_o more_o eastern_a part_n of_o germany_n and_o especial_o in_o poland_n this_o vulgar_a trifle_n and_o even_o our_o common_a broom_n be_v so_o rare_a that_o they_o have_v desire_v the_o seed_n of_o they_o out_o of_o england_n and_o preserve_v they_o with_o extraordinary_a care_n in_o their_o best_a garden_n this_o i_o learn_v out_o of_o our_o jonson_n herbal_a by_o which_o we_o may_v consider_v that_o what_o be_v repute_v a_o curse_n and_o a_o cumber_v in_o some_o place_n be_v esteem_v the_o ornament_n and_o blessing_n of_o another_o but_o we_o shall_v not_o need_v go_v so_o far_o for_o this_o since_o both_o beech_n and_o birch_n be_v almost_o as_o great_a stranger_n in_o many_o part_n of_o this_o nation_n particular_o northampton_n and_o oxfordshire_n broom_n 15._o this_o put_v i_o in_o mind_n of_o the_o broom_n another_o improvement_n for_o barren_a ground_n and_o saver_n of_o more_o substantial_a fuel_n it_o may_v be_v sow_v english_a or_o what_o be_v more_o sweet_a and_o beautiful_a the_o spanish_a with_o equal_a success_n in_o the_o western_a part_n of_o france_n and_o cornwall_n it_o grow_v with_o we_o to_o a_o incredible_a height_n however_o our_o poet_n give_v it_o the_o epithet_n of_o humilis_fw-la and_o so_o it_o seem_v they_o have_v it_o of_o old_a as_o appear_v by_o gratius_n his_o genistae_fw-la altinate_v with_o which_o as_o he_o affirm_v they_o use_v to_o make_v staff_n for_o their_o spear_n and_o hunt_a dart_n elder_n 16._o last_o a_o considerable_a fence_n may_v be_v make_v of_o the_o elder_a set_v of_o reasonable_a lusty_a truncheon_n much_o like_o the_o willow_n and_o as_o i_o have_v see_v they_o maintain_v lay_v with_o great_a curiosity_n and_o far_o excel_v those_o extravagant_a plantation_n of_o they_o about_o london_n where_o the_o lop_v be_v permit_v to_o grow_v without_o due_a and_o skilful_a lay_n there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o elder_n which_o have_v hardly_o any_o pith_n this_o make_v exceed_o stout_a fence_n and_o the_o timber_n very_o useful_a for_o clog_n of_o mill_n butcher_n skewer_n and_o such_o tough_a employment_n old_a tree_n do_v in_o time_n become_v firm_a and_o close_o up_o the_o hollowness_n to_o a_o almost_o invisible_a pith_n
but_o if_o the_o medicinal_a property_n of_o the_o leave_n bark_n berry_n etc._n etc._n be_v thorough_o know_v i_o can_v tell_v what_o our_o countryman_n can_v ail_v for_o which_o he_o may_v not_o fetch_v a_o remedy_n from_o every_o hedge_n either_o for_o sickness_n or_o wound_n the_o inner_a bark_n of_o elder_a or_o in_o season_n the_o bud_n boil_v in_o water-gruel_n for_o a_o breakfast_n have_v effect_v wonder_n in_o the_o fever_n and_o the_o decoction_n be_v admirable_a to_o assuage_v inflammation_n and_o tetrous_a humour_n and_o especial_o the_o scorbut_n but_o a_o extract_n or_o therica_fw-la may_v be_v compose_v of_o the_o berry_n which_o be_v not_o only_o efficacious_a to_o erradicate_v this_o epidemical_a inconvenience_n and_o great_o to_o assist_v longaevity_n for_o famous_a be_v the_o story_n of_o naeander_n but_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o catholicon_n against_o all_o infirmity_n whatever_o the_o water_n of_o the_o leaf_n and_o berry_n be_v approve_v in_o the_o dropsy_n every_o part_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v useful_a the_o ointment_n make_v with_o the_o young_a bud_n and_o leaf_n in_o may_n with_o butter_n be_v most_o sovereign_n for_o ache_n shrink_a sinnue_n etc._n etc._n and_o less_o than_o this_o can_v i_o not_o say_v with_o the_o leave_n of_o the_o charitable_a physician_n to_o gratify_v our_o poor_a woodman_n and_o yet_o when_o i_o have_v say_v all_o this_o i_o do_v by_o no_o mean_n commend_v the_o send_v of_o it_o which_o be_v very_o noxious_a to_o the_o air_n and_o therefore_o though_o i_o do_v not_o undertake_v that_o all_o thing_n which_o sweeten_v the_o air_n be_v salubrious_a nor_o all_o ill_a savour_n pernicious_a yet_o as_o not_o for_o its_o beauty_n so_o neither_o for_o its_o smell_n will_v i_o plant_v elder_a or_o much_o box_n near_o my_o habitation_n the_o elder_n do_v likewise_o produce_v a_o certain_a green_a fly_n almost_o invisible_a which_o be_v exceed_o troublesome_a and_o who_o sting_n be_v plain_o venomous_a smart_v vehement_o and_o gather_v a_o fiery_a redness_n where_o it_o ataque_n 19_o there_o be_v a_o shrub_n call_v the_o spindle-tree_n evonymus_n or_o fusanum_n evonymus_fw-la common_o grow_v in_o our_o hedge_n which_o bear_v a_o very_a hard_a wood_n of_o which_o they_o sometime_o make_v bow_n for_o viol_n and_o the_o inlayer_n use_v it_o for_o its_o colour_n and_o instrument-maker_n for_o tothe_v of_o organ_n and_o virginal-key_n tooth-picker_n etc._n etc._n what_o we_o else_o do_v with_o it_o i_o know_v not_o save_v that_o according_a with_o its_o name_n abroad_o they_o make_v spindle_n with_o it_o here_o may_v come_v in_o or_o be_v name_v at_o least_o the_o wild-cornel_n good_a to_o make_v mill-cogs_a pestle_n bobins_n for_o bonelace_n cornel._n etc._n etc._n last_o the_o viburnum_n or_o way-faring_a tree_n grow_v also_o plentiful_o in_o every_o corner_n make_v the_o most_o pliant_a and_o best_a band_n to_o faggot_n with_o 20._o yucca_n the_o american_n yucca_n be_v a_o hardy_a plant_n than_o we_o take_v it_o to_o be_v for_o it_o will_v suffer_v our_o sharp_a winter_n as_o i_o have_v see_v by_o experience_n without_o that_o trouble_n and_o care_n of_o set_v it_o in_o case_n in_o our_o conservatory_n for_o hyemation_n such_o as_o have_v behold_v it_o in_o flower_n which_o be_v not_o indeed_o till_o it_o be_v of_o some_o age_n must_v needs_o admire_v the_o beauty_n of_o it_o and_o it_o be_v easy_o multiply_v why_o shall_v it_o not_o make_v one_o of_o the_o best_a and_o most_o ornamental_a fence_n in_o the_o world_n for_o our_o garden_n with_o its_o natural_a palisado_n as_o well_o as_o the_o more_o tender_a and_o impatient_a of_o moisture_n the_o aloe_n do_v for_o their_o vineyard_n in_o languedoc_n etc._n etc._n but_o we_o believe_v nothing_o improvable_a save_o what_o our_o grand_a father_n teach_v we_o final_o let_v trial_n likewise_o be_v make_v of_o that_o thorn_n mention_v by_o cap._n liggon_n in_o his_o history_n of_o barbados_n whether_o it_o will_v not_o be_v make_v grow_v among_o we_o and_o prove_v as_o convenient_a for_o fence_n as_o there_o the_o seed_n or_o set_v transport_v to_o we_o with_o due_a care_n and_o thus_o have_v accomplish_v what_o by_o your_o command_n i_o have_v to_o offer_v concern_v the_o propagation_n of_o the_o more_o solid_a material_a and_o useful_a tree_n as_o well_o the_o dry_a as_o aquatical_a and_o to_o the_o best_a of_o my_o talon_n fence_v our_o plantation_n in_o i_o shall_v here_o conclude_v and_o set_v a_o bind_v likewise_o to_o my_o discourse_n by_o make_v a_o apology_n for_o the_o many_o error_n and_o impertinency_n of_o it_o do_v not_o the_o zeal_n and_o ambition_n of_o this_o illustrious_a society_n to_o promote_v and_o improve_v all_o attempt_n which_o may_v concern_v the_o public_a utility_n or_o ornament_n persuade_v i_o that_o what_o i_o be_o add_v for_o the_o far_a encouragement_n to_o the_o plant_n of_o some_o other_o useful_a though_o less_o vulgar_a tree_n will_v at_o least_o obtain_v your_o pardon_n if_o it_o miss_v of_o your_o approbation_n 21._o to_o discourse_v in_o this_o stile_n of_o all_o such_o fruit-tree_n as_o will_v prove_v of_o great_a emolument_fw-fr to_o the_o whole_a nation_n fruit-tree_n be_v to_o design_n a_o just_a volume_n and_o there_o be_v direction_n already_o so_o many_o and_o so_o accurate_o deliver_v and_o publish_v but_o which_o can_v be_v affirm_v of_o any_o of_o the_o former_a class_n of_o forest-tree_n and_o other_o remarke_n at_o the_o least_o to_o my_o poor_a knowledge_n and_o research_n that_o it_o will_v be_v needless_a to_o repeat_v 22._o i_o do_v only_o wish_v upon_o the_o prospect_n and_o meditation_n of_o the_o universal_a benefit_n that_o every_o person_n whatsoever_o worth_a ten_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la within_o his_o majesty_n dominion_n be_v by_o some_o indispensable_a statute_n oblige_v to_o plant_v his_o hedg-row_n with_o the_o best_a and_o most_o useful_a kind_n of_o they_o especial_o in_o such_o place_n of_o the_o nation_n as_o be_v the_o more_o inland_n counties_n and_o remote_a from_o the_o sea_n and_o navigable_a river_n may_v the_o better_o be_v excuse_v from_o the_o plant_n of_o timber_n to_o the_o proportion_n of_o those_o who_o be_v more_o happy_o and_o commodious_o situate_v for_o the_o transportation_n of_o it_o 22._o undoubted_o if_o this_o course_n be_v take_v effectual_o a_o very_a considerable_a part_n both_o of_o the_o meat_n and_o drink_v which_o be_v spend_v to_o our_o prejudice_n may_v be_v save_v by_o the_o countrypeople_n even_o out_o of_o the_o hedge_n and_o mound_n which_o will_v afford_v they_o not_o only_o the_o pleasure_n and_o profit_n of_o their_o delicious_a fruit_n but_o such_o abundance_n of_o cider_n and_o perry_n as_o shall_v suffice_v they_o to_o drink_v of_o one_o of_o the_o most_o wholesome_a and_o excellent_a beverage_n in_o the_o world_n old_a gerard_n do_v long_o since_o allege_v we_o a_o example_n worthy_a to_o be_v pursue_v i_o have_v see_v say_v he_o speak_v of_o appletree_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 101._o in_o the_o pasture_n and_o hedg-row_n about_o the_o ground_n of_o a_o worshipful_a gentleman_n dwell_v two_o mile_n from_o hereford_n call_v mr._n roger_n bodnome_n so_o many_o tree_n of_o all_o sort_n that_o the_o servant_n drink_v for_o the_o most_o part_n no_o other_o drink_n but_o that_o which_o be_v make_v of_o apple_n the_o quantity_n be_v such_o that_o by_o the_o report_n of_o the_o gentleman_n himself_o the_o parson_n have_v for_o tithe_n many_o hogshead_n of_o cider_n the_o hog_n be_v feed_v with_o the_o fall_n of_o they_o which_o be_v so_o many_o that_o they_o make_v choice_n of_o those_o apple_n they_o do_v eat_v who_o will_v not_o taste_v of_o any_o but_o of_o the_o best_a a_o example_n doubtless_o to_o be_v follow_v of_o gentleman_n that_o have_v land_n and_o living_n but_o envy_n say_v the_o poor_a will_v break_v down_o our_o hedge_n and_o we_o shall_v have_v the_o least_o part_n of_o the_o fruit_n but_o forward_o in_o the_o name_n of_o god_n graff_n set_v plant_v and_o nourish_v up_o tree_n in_o every_o corner_n of_o your_o ground_n the_o labour_n be_v small_a the_o cost_n be_v nothing_o the_o commodity_n be_v great_a yourselves_o shall_v have_v plenty_n the_o poor_a shall_v have_v somewhat_o in_o time_n of_o want_n to_o relieve_v their_o necessity_n and_o god_n shall_v reward_v your_o good_a mind_n and_o diligence_n thus_o far_o honest_a gerard._n and_o in_o truth_n with_o how_o small_a a_o charge_n and_o infinite_a pleasure_n this_o be_v to_o be_v effect_v every_o one_o that_o be_v patron_n of_o a_o little_a nursery_n can_v easy_o calculate_v but_o by_o this_o expedient_a many_o thousand_o of_o acre_n sow_v now_o yearly_a with_o barley_n may_v be_v cultivate_v for_o wheat_n or_o convert_v into_o pasture_n to_o the_o increase_n of_o corn_n and_o cattle_n beside_o the_o timber_n which_o the_o pear-tree_n black-cherry_n afford_v and_o
of_o all_o be_v to_o set_v the_o nut_n in_o a_o earthen-pot_n and_o in_o frosty_a weather_n show_v it_o a_o little_a to_o the_o fire_n the_o entire_a clod_n will_v come_v out_o with_o they_o which_o be_v to_o be_v reserve_v and_o set_v in_o the_o naked_a earth_n in_o convenient_a and_o fit_a hole_n so_o soon_o as_o the_o thaw_n be_v universal_a some_o commend_v the_o strew_v a_o few_o oat_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o foss_n or_o pit_n in_o which_o you_o transplant_v the_o naked_a root_n for_o a_o great_a promotement_n of_o their_o take_n and_o that_o it_o will_v cause_v they_o to_o shoot_v more_o in_o one_o year_n than_o in_o three_o but_o to_o this_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v 5._o i_o be_o assure_v by_o a_o person_n most_o worthy_a of_o credit_n that_o in_o the_o territory_n of_o alzey_n a_o country_n in_o germany_n where_o they_o be_v miserable_o distress_v for_o wood_n which_o they_o have_v so_o destroy_v as_o that_o they_o be_v reduce_v to_o make_v use_n of_o straw_n for_o their_o best_a fuel_n a_o very_a large_a tract_n be_v new_o plough_v but_o the_o war_n surprise_v they_o not_o suffer_v to_o sow_v there_o spring_v up_o the_o next_o year_n a_o whole_a forest_n of_o pine-tree_n of_o which_o sort_n of_o wood_n there_o be_v none_o at_o all_o within_o less_o than_o fourscore_o mile_n so_o as_o it_o be_v very_o conjecture_v by_o some_o they_o may_v be_v waft_v thither_o from_o the_o country_n of_o westrasia_n which_o be_v the_o near_a part_n to_o that_o where_o they_o grow_v if_o this_o be_v true_a we_o be_v no_o more_o to_o wonder_n how_o when_o our_o oak-wood_n be_v grub_v up_o beech_n and_o tree_n of_o other_o kind_n have_v frequent_o succeed_v they_o what_o some_o impetuous_a wind_n have_v do_v in_o this_o nature_n i_o can_v produce_v instance_n almost_o miraculous_a i_o shall_v say_v nothing_o of_o the_o opinion_n of_o our_o master_n varro_n and_o the_o learned_a theophrastus_n who_o be_v both_o of_o a_o faith_n that_o the_o seed_n of_o plant_n drop_v out_o of_o the_o air_n pliny_n in_o his_o 16._o book_n chap._n 33._o upon_o discourse_n of_o the_o cretan_a cypress_n attribute_n much_o to_o the_o indoles_fw-la and_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n virtue_n of_o the_o climate_n and_o impression_n of_o the_o air_n and_o indeed_o it_o be_v very_o strange_a what_o be_v affirm_v of_o that_o pitchy-rain_n report_v to_o have_v fall_v about_o cyrene_n the_o year_n 430._o u._n c._n after_o which_o in_o a_o short_a time_n spring_v up_o a_o whole_a wood_n of_o the_o tree_n of_o laserpitium_n produce_v a_o precious_a gum_n not_o much_o inferior_a to_o benzoin_v if_o at_o least_o the_o story_n be_v warrantable_a but_o of_o these_o aerial_a irradiation_n various_a conception_n and_o aequivocal_a production_n without_o seed_n etc._n etc._n upon_o another_o occasion_n if_o life_n and_o leisure_n permit_v i_o to_o finish_v what_o have_v be_v long_o under_o the_o hand_n and_o file_n to_o gratify_v our_o horticultore_n this_o present_a treatise_n be_v but_o a_o imperfect_a limb_n of_o that_o more_o ample_a work_n 6._o in_o transplant_n of_o these_o coniferous_a tree_n which_o be_v general_o resinaceous_a viz._n fir_n pine_n larix_n cedar_n and_o which_o have_v but_o thin_a and_o single_a root_n you_o must_v never_o diminish_v their_o head_n nor_o be_v at_o all_o busy_a with_o their_o root_n which_o pierce_v deep_a and_o be_v all_o their_o foundation_n unless_o you_o find_v any_o of_o they_o bruise_v or_o much_o break_v therefore_o such_o downright_a root_n as_o you_o may_v be_v force_v to_o cut_v off_o it_o be_v safe_a to_o sear_v with_o a_o hot_a iron_n and_o prevent_v the_o danger_n of_o bleed_v to_o which_o they_o be_v obnoxious_a even_o to_o destruction_n though_o unseen_a and_o unheeded_a neither_o may_v you_o disbranch_v they_o but_o with_o great_a caution_n as_o about_o march_n or_o before_o or_o else_o in_o september_n and_o then_o it_o be_v best_a to_o prune_v up_o the_o side_n branch_n close_v to_o the_o trunk_n cut_v off_o all_o that_o be_v above_o a_o year_n old_a if_o you_o suffer_v they_o too_o long_o they_o grow_v too_o big_a and_o the_o cicatrice_n will_v be_v more_o apt_a to_o spend_v the_o tree_n in_o gum_n upon_o which_o accident_n i_o advise_v you_o to_o rub_v over_o their_o wound_n with_o a_o mixture_n of_o cowdung_n the_o neglect_n of_o this_o cost_v i_o dear_a so_o apt_a be_v they_o to_o spend_v their_o gum._n some_o advise_v we_o to_o break_v the_o shell_n of_o pine_n to_o facilitate_v their_o delivery_n and_o i_o have_v essay_v it_o but_o to_o my_o loss_n nature_n do_v obstetricate_a and_o do_v that_o office_n of_o herself_o when_o it_o be_v the_o proper_a season_n neither_o do_v this_o preparation_n at_o all_o prevent_v those_o which_o be_v so_o bury_v while_o their_o hard_a integument_n protect_v they_o both_o from_o rot_v and_o the_o vermin_n 7._o the_o domestic_a pine_n grow_v very_o well_o with_o we_o both_o in_o mountain_n and_o plain_n but_o the_o pinaster_n or_o wild_a of_o which_o be_v four_o sort_n best_o for_o walk_n because_o it_o grow_v tall_a and_o proud_a maintain_v their_o branch_n at_o the_o side_n which_o the_o pine_n do_v less_o frequent_o 8._o the_o fir_n grow_v tall_a be_v plant_v reasonable_a close_o together_o but_o suffer_v nothing_o to_o thrive_v under_o they_o the_o pine_n not_o so_o inhospitable_a for_o by_o pliny_n good_a leave_n it_o may_v be_v sow_v with_o any_o tree_n all_o thing_n grow_v well_o under_o its_o shade_n and_o excellent_a in_o wood_n hence_o claudian_n the_o friendly_a pine_n the_o mighty_a oak_n invite_v et_fw-la comitem_fw-la quercum_fw-la pinus_n amica_fw-la trahit_fw-la 9_o they_o both_o affect_v the_o cold_a high_a and_o rocky_a ground_n aby_n in_o montibus_fw-la altis_fw-la yet_o will_v grow_v in_o better_a but_o not_o in_o over_o rich_a and_o pinguid_a the_o worst_a land_n in_o wales_n bear_v as_o i_o be_o tell_v large_a pine_n and_o the_o fir_n according_a to_o his_o aspire_a nature_n love_v also_o the_o mountain_n more_o than_o the_o valley_n but_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o can_v endure_v the_o shade_n as_o theophrastus_n observe_v de_fw-fr pl._n l._n 4._o c._n 1._o but_o this_o be_v not_o rigid_o true_a for_o they_o will_v grow_v in_o consort_n till_o they_o even_o shade_n and_o darken_v one_o another_o and_o will_v also_o descend_v from_o the_o hill_n and_o succeed_v very_o well_o be_v desirous_a of_o plentiful_a watering_n till_o they_o arrive_v to_o some_o competent_a stature_n and_o therefore_o they_o do_v not_o prosper_v so_o well_o in_o a_o over_o sandy_a and_o hungry_a soil_n or_o gravel_n as_o in_o the_o very_a entrail_n of_o the_o rock_n which_o afford_v more_o drink_n to_o the_o root_n that_o penetrate_v into_o their_o meander_n and_o wind_a recess_n but_o though_o they_o require_v this_o refresh_n at_o first_o yet_o do_v they_o perfect_o abhor_v all_o stercoration_n nor_o will_v they_o much_o endure_v to_o have_v the_o earth_n open_v about_o their_o root_n for_o ablaqueation_n or_o be_v disturb_v this_o be_v also_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o cypress_n a_o fir_n for_o the_o first_o half_a dozen_o year_n seem_v to_o stand_v or_o at_o least_o make_v no_o considerable_a advance_v but_o it_o be_v when_o thorough_o root_v that_o it_o come_v away_o miraculous_o that_o honourable_a knight_n sir_n norton_n knatchbull_n who_o delicious_a plantation_n of_o pine_n and_o fir_n i_o behold_v with_o great_a satisfaction_n have_v assure_v i_o that_o a_o fir-tree_n of_o his_o raise_n do_v shoot_v no_o less_o than_o sixty_o foot_n in_o height_n in_o little_a more_o than_o twenty_o year_n be_v a_o pregnant_a instance_n as_o of_o the_o speedy_a grow_v of_o that_o material_a so_o of_o all_o the_o encouragement_n i_o have_v already_o give_v for_o the_o more_o frequent_a cultivate_a this_o ornamental_a useful_a and_o profitable_a tree_n 10._o the_o picea_n be_v another_o sort_n of_o pine_n pitch_n and_o to_o be_v cultivate_v like_o it_o the_o cold_a ground_n which_o these_o plant_n most_o affect_v though_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o discover_v yet_o sometime_o pitch-tree_n and_o the_o noxious_a yew_n or_o the_o dark_a ivy_n will_v dire_a symptom_n show_v piceae_fw-la tantum_fw-la taxique_fw-la nocentes_fw-la interdum_fw-la aut_fw-la ederae_fw-la pandunt_fw-la vestigia_fw-la nigrae_fw-la georg._n 2._o and_o therefore_o i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v why_o it_o may_v not_o prosper_v in_o some_o tolerable_a degree_n in_o england_n as_o well_o as_o in_o germany_n russia_n the_o cold_o tract_n and_o abundant_o in_o france_n it_o grow_v on_o the_o alps_n among_o the_o pine_n but_o neither_o so_o tall_a nor_o so_o upright_o and_o produce_v a_o gum_n almost_o as_o white_a and_o firm_a as_o frankincense_n but_o it_o be_v the_o larix_n another_o sort_n of_o pine_n that_o yield_v the_o venetian_a turpentine_n 11._o there_o be_v also_o the_o
piceaster_n a_o wild_a sort_n out_o of_o which_o the_o great_a store_n of_o pitch_n be_v boil_v the_o teda_n likewise_o which_o be_v a_o sort_n abound_v in_o dalmatia_n more_o unctuous_a and_o more_o patient_a of_o the_o warm_a situation_n and_o so_o inflammable_a that_o it_o will_v slit_v into_o candle_n and_o therefore_o some_o will_n by_o no_o mean_n admit_v it_o to_o be_v of_o a_o different_a species_n but_o a_o metamorphosis_n of_o overgrow_a fattinesse_n to_o which_o the_o most_o judicious_a incline_v 12._o the_o body_n of_o these_o be_v cut_v or_o burn_v down_o to_o the_o ground_n will_v emit_v frequent_a sucker_n from_o the_o root_n but_o so_o will_v neither_o the_o pine_n nor_o fir_n but_o the_o fir_n may_v be_v propagate_v of_o layer_n which_o i_o divulge_v as_o a_o considerable_a secret_n that_o have_v be_v essay_v with_o success_n 13._o that_o all_o these_o especial_o the_o fir_n and_o pine_n will_v prosper_v well_o with_o we_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a because_o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o demonstration_n that_o they_o do_v heretofore_o grow_v plentiful_o in_o cumberland_n cheshire_n stafford_n and_o lancashire_n if_o the_o multitude_n of_o these_o tree_n to_o this_o day_n find_v entire_a and_o bury_v under_o the_o earth_n though_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v or'ethrow_v and_o cover_v so_o ever_o since_o the_o universal_a deluge_n be_v indeed_o of_o this_o species_n that_o incomparable_a naturalist_n the_o learned_a dr._n merreâ—t_n in_o his_o pinax_n speak_v of_o several_a place_n of_o this_o nation_n where_o subterraneous_a tree_n be_v find_v as_o namely_o in_o cornwall_n ad_fw-la finem_fw-la terrae_fw-la in_fw-la agris_fw-la flint_n in_o penbrokshire_n towards_o the_o shore_n where_o they_o so_o abound_v ut_fw-la totum_fw-la littus_fw-la say_v the_o doctor_n tanquam_fw-la sylva_n caedua_fw-la apparet_fw-la in_o cheshire_n also_o as_o we_o say_v cumberland_n and_o anglesey_n and_o several_a of_o our_o euro-boreal_a tract_n and_o be_v call_v noahs-ark_n by_o chatnesse_n in_o lancashire_n say_v cambden_n the_o low_a mossy_a ground_n be_v no_o very_o long_a time_n since_o carry_v away_o by_o a_o impetuous_a flood_n and_o in_o that_o place_n now_o lie_v a_o low_a irriguous_a vale_n where_o many_o prostrate_a tree_n have_v be_v dig_v out_o these_o tree_n be_v some_o think_v carry_v away_o in_o time_n pass_v by_o some_o accident_n of_o innundation_n or_o by_o water_n undermine_v the_o ground_n till_o their_o own_o weight_n and_o the_o wind_n bow_v they_o down_o and_o overwhelm_v in_o the_o mud_n for_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o these_o tree_n be_v no_o where_o find_v but_o in_o boggy_a place_n but_o that_o the_o burn_a of_o these_o tree_n so_o very_o bright_a shall_v be_v a_o argument_n they_o be_v fir_n be_v not_o necessary_a since_o the_o bitumineous_a quality_n of_o such_o earth_n may_v have_v impart_v it_o to_o they_o and_o cambden_n deny_v they_o to_o be_v fir-tree_n suggest_v the_o query_n whether_o there_o may_v not_o possible_o grow_v tree_n even_o under_o the_o ground_n as_o well_o as_o other_o thing_n there_o be_v in_o cumberland_n on_o the_o seashore_n tree_n sometime_o discover_v at_o low-water_n and_o at_o other_o time_n that_o lie_v bury_v in_o the_o sand_n and_o in_o other_o mossy_a place_n of_o that_o shire_n it_o be_v report_v the_o people_n frequent_o dig_v up_o the_o body_n of_o vast_a tree_n without_o bough_n and_o that_o by_o direction_n of_o the_o dew_n alone_o in_o summer_n for_o they_o observe_v it_o never_o lie_v upon_o that_o part_n under_o which_o those_o tree_n be_v inter_v these_o particular_n i_o find_v note_v by_o the_o ingenious_a author_n of_o the_o britannia_n baconica_n but_o we_o shall_v inquire_v far_o concern_v these_o subterranean_a production_n anon_o and_o whether_o the_o earth_n as_o well_o as_o the_o water_n have_v not_o the_o virtue_n of_o strange_a transmutation_n these_o tree_n be_v find_v in_o moor_n by_o poke_v with_o staff_n of_o three_o or_o four_o foot_n length_n shod_a with_o iron_n 14._o in_o scotland_n as_o we_o note_v there_o be_v a_o most_o beautiful_a sort_n of_o fir_n grow_v upon_o the_o mountain_n of_o which_o from_o the_o late_a marquis_n of_o argyle_n i_o have_v send_v i_o some_o seed_n which_o i_o have_v sow_v with_o tolerable_a success_n and_o i_o prefer_v they_o before_o any_o other_o because_o they_o grow_v both_o very_a erect_v and_o fix_v themselves_o stout_o need_v little_a or_o no_o support_n and_o there_o near_a loughbrun_n betwixt_o the_o lough_n and_o a_o hill_n they_o grow_v in_o such_o quantity_n that_o from_o the_o spontaneous_a fall_n ruin_n and_o decay_n of_o the_o tree_n lie_v cross_a one_o another_o to_o a_o man_n height_n partly_o cover_v with_o moss_n and_o partly_o earth_n and_o grass_n which_o rot_v fill_v up_o and_o grow_v again_o a_o considerable_a hill_n have_v in_o process_n of_o time_n be_v raise_v to_o almost_o their_o very_a top_n which_o be_v a_o accident_n of_o singular_a remark_n i_o think_v fit_a to_o mention_v 15._o for_o the_o many_o and_o almost_o universal_a use_n of_o these_o tree_n both_o sea_n and_o land_n will_v plead_v the_o useful_a pine_n for_o ship_n daunt_v utile_fw-la lignum_fw-la navigiis_fw-la pines_n georg._n 2._o hence_o papinius_n 6._o thebay_n call_v it_o audax_fw-la aby_n they_o make_v our_o best_a mast_n shethe_v scaffold-pole_n etc._n etc._n heretofore_o the_o whole_a vessel_n it_o be_v pretty_a say_v pliny_n to_o consider_v that_o those_o tree_n which_o be_v so_o much_o seek_v after_o for_o ship_n shall_v most_o delight_n in_o the_o high_a of_o mountain_n as_o if_o it_o flee_v from_o the_o sea_n on_o purpose_n and_o be_v afraid_a to_o descend_v into_o the_o water_n with_o fir_n we_o likewise_o make_v all_o intestine_a work_n as_o wainscot_n floor_n pales_n balk_n lath_n box_n belly_n for_o all_o musical_a instrument_n in_o general_a nay_o the_o rib_n and_o side_n of_o that_o enormous_a stratagem_n the_o so_o famous_a trojan_a horse_n may_v be_v think_v to_o be_v build_v of_o this_o material_a and_o if_o the_o poet_n mistake_v not_o the_o rib_n with_o deal_n they_o fit_v sectáque_fw-la intexunt_fw-la abiete_n costas_fw-la aen._n 2._o it_o be_v exceed_o smooth_a to_o polish_v on_o and_o therefore_o do_v well_o under_o gild_v work_n and_o take_v black_a equal_a with_o the_o pear-tree_n both_o fir_n and_o especial_o pine_n succeed_v well_o in_o carve_v as_o for_o capitol_n festoon_n nay_o statue_n especial_o be_v gild_a because_o of_o the_o easiness_n of_o the_o grain_n to_o work_v and_o take_v the_o tool_n every_o way_n and_o he_o that_o shall_v examine_v it_o near_o will_v find_v that_o famous_a image_n of_o the_o b._n virgin_n at_o loretto_n report_v to_o be_v carve_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o s._n luke_n to_o be_v make_v of_o fir_n as_o the_o grain_n easy_o discover_v it_o the_o torulus_n as_o vitruvius_n call_v it_o and_o heart_n of_o deal_n keep_v dry_a reject_v the_o albumen_n and_o white_a be_v everlasting_a nor_o do_v there_o any_o wood_n so_o well_o agree_v with_o the_o glue_v as_o it_o or_o so_o easy_a to_o be_v wrought_v it_o be_v also_o excellent_a for_o beam_n and_o other_o timber-work_n in_o house_n be_v both_o light_n and_o exceed_o strong_a and_o therefore_o of_o very_o good_a use_n for_o barrs_n and_o bolt_n of_o door_n as_o well_o as_o for_o door_n themselves_o by_o reason_n of_o a_o natural_a spring_n which_o it_o have_v not_o easy_o violate_v you_o shall_v find_v that_o of_o old_a they_o make_v cart_n and_o coach_n of_o it_o for_o scaffold_n also_o there_o be_v none_o comparable_a to_o it_o and_o i_o be_o sure_a we_o find_v it_o a_o extraordinary_a saver_n of_o oak_n where_o it_o may_v be_v have_v at_o reasonable_a price_n i_o will_v not_o complain_v what_o a_o incredible_a mass_n of_o ready_a money_n be_v yearly_o export_v into_o the_o northern_a country_n for_o this_o sole_a commodity_n which_o may_v all_o be_v save_v be_v we_o industrious_a at_o home_n likewise_o from_o fir_n we_o have_v the_o most_o of_o our_o pot-ash_n of_o fir_n be_v make_v our_o torch_n or_o funebral-stave_n nay_o and_o of_o old_a spear_n of_o it_o if_o we_o may_v credit_v virgil_n amazonian_a combat_n she_o press_v a_o long_a fir_n spear_n through_o his_o expose_v breast_n cujus_fw-la apertum_fw-la adversi_fw-la longâ_fw-la transverberat_fw-la abiete_n pectus_fw-la aen._n 11._o last_o the_o very_a chip_n or_o shave_n of_o deal-board_n be_v of_o other_o use_n than_o to_o kindle_v fire_n alone_o thomas_n bartholinus_n in_o his_o medicina_fw-la danorum_fw-la dissert_n 7._o etc._n etc._n where_o he_o disclaim_v the_o use_n of_o hop_n in_o beer_n as_o pernicious_a and_o malignant_a and_o from_o several_a instance_n how_o apt_a it_o be_v to_o produce_v and_o usher_v in_o infection_n nay_o plague_n etc._n etc._n will_v substitute_v in_o its_o place_n the_o shave_n of_o deal-board_n as_o he_o affirm_v to_o give_v a_o grateful_a
odor_n to_o the_o drink_n and_o how_o sovereign_a those_o resinous_a wood_n the_o top_n of_o fir_n and_o pine_n be_v against_o the_o scorbut_n we_o general_o find_v it_o be_v in_o the_o same_o chapter_n that_o he_o commend_v also_o wormwood_n marrubium_n chamelaeagnum_n sage_n tamarisc_n and_o almost_o any_o thing_n rather_o than_o hopps_n the_o pine_n or_o picea_n bury_v in_o the_o earth_n never_o decay_v from_o the_o latter_a transude_v a_o very_a bright_a and_o pellucid_a gum_n hence_o we_o have_v likewise_o rosin_n also_o of_o the_o pine_n be_v make_v box_n and_o barrel_n for_o dry_a good_n yea_o and_o it_o be_v cleave_v into_o shingles_n for_o the_o cover_n of_o house_n in_o some_o place_n also_o hoop_n for_o wine-vessel_n especial_o of_o the_o easy_o flexible_a wild-pine_n not_o to_o forget_v the_o kernel_n this_o tree_n be_v always_o furnish_v with_o cones_n some_o ripe_a other_o green_a of_o such_o admirable_a use_n in_o emulsion_n and_o the_o tooth-picker_n for_o which_o even_o the_o very_a leaf_n be_v commend_v in_o sum_n they_o be_v plantation_n which_o exceed_o improve_v the_o air_n by_o their_o odoriferous_a and_o balsamical_a emission_n and_o for_o ornament_n create_v a_o perpetual_a spring_n where_o they_o be_v plentiful_o propagate_v and_o if_o it_o can_v be_v prove_v that_o the_o almugim-tree_n record_v 1_o reg._n 10.12_o and_o whereof_o pillar_n for_o that_o famous_a temple_n and_o the_o royal_a palace_n harp_n and_o psaltery_n etc._n etc._n be_v make_v be_v of_o this_o sort_n of_o wood_n as_o some_o doubt_v not_o to_o assert_v we_o shall_v esteem_v it_o at_o another_o rate_n yet_o we_o know_v josephus_n affirm_v they_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o pinetree_n though_o somewhat_o resemble_v the_o figtree_n wood_n to_o appearance_n as_o of_o a_o most_o lustrious_a candour_n in_o the_o 2_o chron._n 2.8_o there_o be_v mention_n of_o almug-tree_n to_o grow_v in_o lebanon_n and_o if_o so_o methinks_v it_o shall_v rather_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o cedar_n yet_o we_o find_v fir_n also_o in_o the_o same_o period_n for_o we_o have_v see_v a_o white_a sort_n of_o it_o even_o very_o white_a as_o well_o as_o red_a though_o some_o affirm_v it_o to_o be_v but_o the_o sap_n of_o it_o so_o our_o cabinet-maker_n call_v it_o i_o say_v their_o be_v both_o fir_n and_o pine-tree_n also_o grow_v upon_o those_o mountain_n mr._n purchas_n inform_v we_o that_o dr._n dee_fw-mi write_v a_o laborious_a treatise_n almost_o whole_o of_o this_o subject_a but_o i_o can_v never_o have_v the_o good_a hap_n to_o see_v it_o wherein_o as_o commissioner_n for_o solomon_n timber_n and_o like_o a_o learned_a architect_n and_o planter_n he_o have_v summon_v a_o jury_n of_o twelve_o sort_n of_o tree_n namely_o 1._o the_o fir_n 2._o box_n 3._o cedar_n 4._o cypress_n 5._o ebony_n 6._o ash_n 7._o juniper_n 8._o larch_n 9_o olive_n 10._o pine_n 11._o oak_n and_o 12._o sandal-tree_n to_o examine_v which_o of_o they_o be_v this_o almugim_n and_o at_o last_o seem_v to_o concur_v with_o josephus_n in_o favour_n of_o pine_n or_o fir_n who_o possible_o from_o some_o ancient_a record_n or_o fragment_n of_o the_o wood_n itself_o may_v learn_v something_o of_o it_o and_o it_o be_v believe_v that_o it_o be_v some_o material_a both_o odoriferous_a to_o the_o send_v and_o beautiful_a to_o the_o eye_n and_o of_o fit_a temper_n to_o refract_v sound_n beside_o its_o serviceablenesse_n for_o building_n all_o which_o property_n be_v in_o the_o best_a sort_n of_o pine_n or_o thyina_fw-la as_o pliny_n call_v it_o or_o perhaps_o some_o other_o rare_a wood_n of_o which_o the_o eastern_a india_n be_v doubtless_o the_o best_a provide_v and_o yet_o i_o find_v that_o these_o vast_a beam_n which_o sustain_v the_o roof_n of_o s._n peter_n church_n at_o rome_n lay_v as_o report_v by_o constantine_n the_o great_a be_v make_v of_o the_o pitch_n tree_n and_o have_v last_v from_o anno_fw-la 336._o down_n to_o our_o day_n above_o 1300._o year_n 16._o but_o now_o while_o i_o be_o recite_v the_o use_v of_o these_o beneficial_a tree_n mr._n winthorp_n present_v the_o royal_a society_n with_o the_o process_n of_o make_v the_o tar_n and_o pitch_n in_o new-england_n which_o we_o thus_o abbreviate_v tar_n be_v make_v out_o of_o that_o sort_n of_o pinetree_n from_o which_o natual_o turpentine_n extill_v and_o which_o at_o its_o first_o flow_v out_o be_v liquid_a and_o clear_a but_o be_v harden_v by_o the_o air_n either_o on_o the_o tree_n or_o wherever_o it_o fall_v be_v not_o much_o unlike_o the_o burgundy_n pitch_n and_o we_o call_v they_o pitch_n pine_v out_o of_o which_o this_o gummy_a substance_n transude_v they_o grow_v upon_o the_o most_o barren_a plain_n on_o rock_n also_o and_o hill_n rise_v among_o those_o plain_n where_o several_a be_v find_v blow_v down_o that_o have_v lie_v so_o many_o age_n as_o that_o the_o whole_a body_n branch_n and_o root_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v perish_v some_o certain_a knot_n only_o of_o the_o bough_n have_v be_v leave_v remain_v entire_a these_o knot_n be_v that_o part_n where_o the_o bough_n be_v join_v to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n lie_v at_o the_o same_o distance_n and_o posture_n as_o they_o grow_v upon_o the_o tree_n for_o its_o whole_a length_n the_o body_n of_o some_o of_o these_o tree_n be_v not_o corrupt_v through_o age_n but_o quite_o consume_v and_o reduce_v to_o ash_n by_o the_o annual_a burn_n of_o the_o indian_n when_o they_o set_v their_o ground_n on_o fire_n which_o yet_o have_v it_o seem_v no_o power_n over_o these_o hard_a knot_n beyond_o a_o black_a scorch_n although_o be_v lay_v on_o heap_n they_o be_v apt_a enough_o to_o burn_v it_o be_v of_o these_o knot_n they_o make_v their_o tar_n in_o new-england_n and_o the_o country_n adjacent_a while_o they_o be_v well_o impregnate_v with_o that_o terebinthine_n and_o resinousâ—atter_n â—atter_z which_o like_o a_o balsam_n preserve_v they_o so_o long_o from_o putrefaction_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o tree_n do_v indeed_o contain_v the_o like_a terebinthine_n sap_n as_o appear_v upon_o any_o slight_a incision_n of_o bark_n on_o the_o stem_n or_o bough_n by_o a_o small_a crystaline_a pearl_n which_o will_v sweat_v out_o but_o this_o for_o be_v more_o watery_a and_o undigested_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o porosity_n of_o the_o wood_n which_o expose_v it_o to_o the_o impression_n of_o the_o air_n and_o wet_a render_v the_o tree_n more_o obnoxious_a especial_o if_o it_o lie_v prostrate_a with_o the_o bark_n on_o which_o be_v a_o receptacle_n for_o a_o certain_a intercutaneous_a worm_n that_o accelerate_v its_o decay_n they_o be_v the_o knot_n then_o alone_o which_o the_o tar-maker_n amass_o in_o heap_n carry_v they_o in_o cart_n to_o some_o convenient_a place_n not_o far_o off_o where_o find_v clay_n or_o loam_n fit_a for_o their_o turn_n they_o lay_v a_o hearth_n of_o such_o ordinary_a stone_n as_o they_o have_v at_o hand_n this_o they_o build_v to_o such_o a_o height_n from_o the_o level_n of_o the_o ground_n that_o a_o vessel_n may_v stand_v a_o little_a low_o than_o the_o hearth_n to_o receive_v the_o tar_n as_o it_o run_v out_o but_o first_o the_o hearth_n be_v make_v wide_o according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o knot_n to_o be_v set_v at_o once_o and_o that_o with_o a_o very_a smooth_a floor_n of_o clay_n yet_o somewhat_o descend_v or_o drip_v from_o the_o extreme_a part_n to_o the_o middle_n and_o thence_o towards_o one_o of_o the_o side_n where_o a_o gullet_n be_v leave_v for_o the_o tar_n to_o run_v out_o at_o the_o hearth_n thus_o finish_v they_o pile_v the_o knot_n one_o upon_o another_o after_o the_o very_a same_o manner_n as_o our_o collier_n do_v their_o wood_n for_o char-coal_n and_o of_o a_o height_n proportionable_a to_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o hearth_n and_o then_o cover_v they_o over_o with_o a_o coat_n of_o loam_n or_o clay_n which_o be_v best_a or_o in_o defect_n of_o those_o with_o the_o best_a and_o most_o tenacious_a earth_n the_o place_n will_v afford_v leave_v only_o a_o small_a spiracle_n at_o the_o top_n whereat_o to_o put_v the_o fire_n in_o and_o make_v some_o little_a hole_n round_o about_o at_o several_a height_n for_o the_o admission_n of_o so_o much_o air_n as_o be_v requisite_a to_o keep_v it_o burn_v and_o to_o regulate_v the_o fire_n by_o open_v and_o stop_v they_o at_o pleasure_n the_o process_n be_v almost_o the_o the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o make_v charâ—coal_n as_o will_v appear_v in_o due_a place_n for_o when_o it_o be_v well_o on_o fire_n that_o middle_a hole_n be_v also_o stop_v and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o register_n so_o govern_v as_o the_o knot_n may_v keep_v burn_v and_o not_o be_v suffocate_v with_o too_o much_o smoke_n while_o all_o be_v now_o through_o heat_v the_o tar_n run_v down_o to_o the_o hearth_n together_o with_o some_o of_o the_o
it_o then_o of_o any_o other_o tree_n notwithstanding_o we_o have_v in_o this_o country_n of_o we_o no_o less_o than_o three_o sort_n which_o be_v all_o of_o they_o easy_o propagate_v and_o prosper_v very_o well_o if_o they_o be_v right_o order_v and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o omit_v to_o disclose_v one_o secret_a as_o well_o to_o confute_v a_o popular_a error_n as_o for_o the_o instruction_n of_o our_o gard'ner_n 6._o the_o tradition_n be_v that_o the_o cypress_n be_v a_o symbol_n of_o mortality_n they_o shall_v say_v of_o the_o contrary_a be_v never_o to_o be_v cut_v for_o fear_n of_o kill_v it_o this_o make_v they_o to_o impale_v and_o wind_v they_o about_o like_o so_o many_o egyptian_a mummy_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o inward_a part_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v heat_v for_o want_v of_o air_n and_o refreshment_n it_o never_o arrive_v to_o any_o perfection_n but_o be_v exceed_o troublesome_a and_o chargeable_a to_o maintain_v whereas_o indeed_o there_o be_v not_o a_o more_o tonsile_a and_o governable_a plant_n in_o nature_n for_o the_o cypress_n may_v be_v cut_v to_o the_o very_a root_n and_o yet_o spring_v afresh_o and_o this_o we_o find_v be_v the_o husbandry_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o aenaria_n where_o they_o use_v to_o fell_v it_o for_o copse_n for_o the_o cypress_n be_v raise_v from_o the_o nursery_n of_o seed_n sow_v in_o september_n or_o rather_o march_n and_o within_o two_o year_n after_o transplant_v shall_v at_o two_o year_n stand_v more_o have_v the_o master_n stem_n of_o the_o middle_a shaft_n cut_v off_o some_o hand-breadth_n below_o the_o summit_n the_o side_n and_o small_a sprig_n shear_v into_o a_o conique_n or_o piramidall_a form_n and_o so_o keep_v clip_v from_o april_n to_o september_n as_o oft_o as_o there_o be_v occasion_n and_o by_o this_o regiment_n they_o will_v grow_v furnish_v to_o the_o foot_n and_o become_v the_o most_o beautiful_a tree_n in_o the_o world_n without_o bind_v or_o stake_n still_o remember_v to_o abate_v the_o middle_a stem_n and_o to_o bring_v up_o the_o collateral_a branch_n in_o its_o stead_n to_o what_o altitude_n you_o please_v but_o when_o i_o speak_v of_o shorten_v the_o middle_a shoot_n i_o do_v not_o intend_v the_o dwarf_n of_o it_o and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v do_v discreet_o so_o as_o it_o may_v not_o overhasty_o advance_v till_o the_o foot_n thereof_o be_v perfect_o furnish_v but_o there_o be_v likewise_o another_o no_o less_o commendable_a expedient_a to_o dress_v this_o tree_n with_o all_o the_o former_a advantage_n if_o spare_v the_o shaft_n altogether_o you_o diligent_o cut_v away_o all_o the_o fork_a branch_n reserve_v only_o such_o as_o radiate_a direct_o from_o the_o body_n which_o be_v shear_v and_o clip_v in_o due_a season_n will_v render_v the_o tree_n very_o beautiful_a and_o though_o more_o subject_a to_o obey_v the_o shake_a wind_n yet_o the_o natural_a spring_n of_o it_o do_v immediate_o redress_v it_o without_o the_o least_o discomposure_n and_o this_o be_v a_o secret_a worth_a the_o learning_n of_o gard'ner_n who_o subject_n themselves_o to_o the_o trouble_n of_o stake_n and_o bind_v which_o be_v very_o inconvenient_a thus_o likewise_o may_v you_o form_v they_o into_o hedge_n and_o topiary_a work_n or_o by_o sow_v the_o seed_n in_o a_o shallow_a furrow_n and_o pluck_v up_o the_o supernumeraries_n where_o they_o come_v too_o close_o and_o thick_a for_o in_o this_o work_n it_o shall_v suffice_v to_o leave_v they_o within_o a_o foot_n of_o each_o other_o and_o when_o they_o be_v rise_v about_o a_o yard_n in_o height_n which_o may_v be_v to_o the_o half_a of_o your_o palisado_n cut_v off_o their_o top_n as_o you_o be_v teach_v and_o keep_v the_o side_n clip_v that_o they_o ascend_v but_o by_o degree_n and_o thicken_v at_o the_o bottom_n as_o they_o climb_v thus_o they_o will_v present_v you_o in_o half_a a_o dozen_o or_o eight_o year_n with_o incomparable_a hedge_n preferable_a to_o all_o other_o whatsoever_o because_o they_o be_v perpetual_o green_a and_o able_a to_o resist_v the_o wind_n better_o than_o any_o which_o i_o know_v the_o holly_n only_o except_v which_o indeed_o have_v no_o peer_n 7._o when_o i_o say_v wind_n i_o mean_v their_o fierce_a gust_n not_o their_o cold_a for_o though_o it_o be_v say_v brumáque_fw-la illaesa_fw-la cupressus_fw-la and_o that_o indeed_o no_o frost_n impeache_n they_o for_o they_o grow_v even_o on_o the_o snowy_a top_n of_o ida_n yet_o our_o cruel_a eastern_a wind_n do_v sometime_o mortal_o invade_v they_o which_o have_v be_v late_o clip_v seldom_o the_o untouched_a or_o that_o be_v dress_v in_o the_o spring_n only_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o late_a march_n and_o april_n wind_n in_o the_o year_n 1663._o and_o 1665._o accompany_v with_o cruel_a frost_n and_o cold_a blast_n for_o the_o space_n of_o more_o than_o two_o month_n night_n and_o day_n do_v not_o among_o near_o a_o thousand_o cypress_n grow_v in_o my_o garden_n kill_v above_o three_o or_o four_o which_o for_o be_v very_o late_o cut_v to_o the_o quick_a that_o be_v the_o latter_a end_n of_o october_n be_v raw_a of_o their_o wound_n take_v cold_a and_o gangren_v some_o few_o other_o which_o be_v a_o little_a smite_v towards_o the_o top_n may_v have_v escape_v all_o their_o blemish_n have_v my_o gardener_n cap_v they_o but_o with_o a_o wisp_n of_o hay_n or_o straw_n as_o in_o my_o absence_n i_o command_v as_o for_o the_o frost_n of_o those_o winter_n than_o which_o i_o believe_v there_o be_v never_o know_v a_o more_o cruel_a and_o deadly_a pierce_a since_o england_n have_v a_o name_n it_o do_v not_o touch_v a_o cypress_n of_o i_o till_o it_o join_v force_n with_o that_o destructive_a wind_n therefore_o for_o caution_n clip_v not_o your_o cypress_n late_o in_o autumn_n and_o clothe_v they_o if_o young_a against_o these_o wind_n for_o the_o frost_n they_o only_o discolour_v they_o but_o seldom_o or_o never_o hurt_v they_o as_o by_o long_a experience_n i_o have_v find_v 8._o if_o you_o affect_v to_o see_v your_o cypress_n in_o standard_n and_o grow_v wild_a which_o may_v in_o time_n come_v to_o be_v of_o a_o large_a substance_n fit_a for_o the_o most_o immortal_a of_o timber_n plant_v of_o the_o repute_a male_a sort_n it_o be_v a_o tree_n which_o will_v prosper_v wonderful_o and_o where_o the_o ground_n be_v hot_a and_o gravelly_a though_o as_o we_o say_v he_o be_v nothing_o so_o beautiful_a and_o it_o be_v of_o this_o that_o the_o venetian_n make_v their_o great_a profit_n 9_o there_o be_v likewise_o the_o tarentine_n cypress_n so_o much_o celebrate_v by_o cato_n i_o do_v not_o mean_v our_o savine_n which_o some_o erroneous_o take_v for_o it_o though_o there_o be_v a_o berry-bearing_a savine_n much_o resemble_v the_o cypress_n which_o come_v to_o prove_v a_o gallant_a upright_a tree_n fit_a for_o the_o standard_n both_o that_o and_o the_o milesian_n be_v worthy_a our_o culture_n 10._o i_o have_v already_o show_v how_o this_o tree_n be_v to_o be_v raise_v from_o the_o seed_n but_o there_o be_v another_o method_n among_o the_o ancient_n who_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o be_v wont_a to_o make_v great_a plantation_n of_o they_o for_o their_o timber_n i_o have_v practise_v it_o myself_o and_o therefore_o describe_v it_o 11._o if_o you_o receive_v your_o seed_n in_o the_o nut_n which_o use_v to_o be_v gather_v thrice_o a_o year_n but_o seldom_o ripen_v with_o we_o expose_v they_o to_o the_o sun_n till_o they_o gape_v or_o near_o a_o gentle_a fire_n or_o put_v they_o in_o warm_a water_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o seed_n will_v be_v easy_o shake_v out_o for_o if_o you_o have_v they_o open_v before_o they_o do_v not_o yield_v you_o half_a their_o crop_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o april_n or_o before_o if_o the_o weather_n be_v showery_a prepare_v a_o even_a bed_n which_o be_v make_v of_o fine_a earth_n clap_v down_o with_o your_o spade_n as_o gard'ner_n do_v for_o purselain-seed_n of_o old_a they_o roll_v it_o with_o some_o stone_n or_o cylinder_n upon_o this_o strew_v your_o seed_n pretty_a thick_a then_o sieft_n over_o they_o some_o more_o mould_n somewhat_o better_o than_o half_a a_o inch_n in_o height_n keep_v they_o due_o water_v after_o sunset_n unless_o the_o season_n do_v it_o for_o you_o and_o after_o one_o year_n growth_n for_o they_o will_v be_v a_o inch_n high_a in_o little_a more_o than_o a_o month_n you_o may_v transplant_v they_o where_o you_o please_v in_o water_v they_o i_o give_v you_o this_o caution_n which_o may_v also_o serve_v you_o for_o most_o tender_a and_o delicate_a seed_n that_o you_o dew_n they_o rather_o with_o a_o broom_n or_o spergatory_n then_o hazard_v the_o beat_v they_o out_o with_o the_o common_a watering-pot_n and_o when_o they_o be_v well_o come_v up_o be_v but_o spare_v of_o water_n be_v sure_a likewise_o that_o you_o cleanse_v
by_o nature_n almost_o eternal_a 15._o thus_o i_o read_v that_o in_o the_o temple_n of_o apollo_n at_o utica_n there_o be_v find_v timber_n of_o near_a two_o thousand_o year_n old_a and_o in_o sagunti_n of_o spain_n a_o beam_n in_o a_o certain_a oratory_n consecrate_v to_o diana_n which_o have_v be_v bring_v from_o zant_n two_o hundred_o year_n before_o the_o destruction_n of_o troy_n 16._o and_o here_o i_o can_v omit_v my_o wish_n that_o since_o this_o precious_a material_n may_v be_v have_v at_o such_o tolerable_a rate_n as_o certain_o it_o may_v from_o cape_n florida_n the_o bermuda_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o west_n india_n i_o say_v i_o can_v but_o suggest_v that_o our_o more_o wealthy_a citizen_n of_o london_n now_o building_n may_v be_v encourage_v to_o use_v of_o it_o in_o their_o shop_n at_o least_o for_o shelf_n comptoires_n chest_n table_n wainscot_n etc._n etc._n it_o may_v be_v do_v with_o moderate_a expense_n especial_o in_o some_o small_a proportion_n and_o in_o faneering_n as_o they_o term_v it_o and_o moulding_n since_o beside_o the_o everlastingness_n of_o the_o wood_n not_o obnoxious_a to_o the_o worm_n and_o which_o will_v also_o be_v a_o mean_n to_o preserve_v cloth_n and_o other_o ware_n from_o moth_n and_o corruption_n it_o will_v likewise_o be_v a_o cure_n to_o reform_v the_o malignity_n and_o corrosivenesse_n of_o the_o air_n and_o even_o preserve_v the_o whole_a city_n as_o if_o it_o stand_v among_o the_o spice_n of_o the_o happy_a arabia_n or_o the_o prospect_n of_o mount_n libanus_n note_v that_o the_o cedar_n be_v of_o so_o dry_a a_o nature_n that_o it_o will_v not_o well_o endure_v to_o be_v fasten_v with_o nail_n from_o which_o it_o usual_o shrink_v and_o therefore_o pinn_v of_o the_o same_o wood_n be_v better_o 17._o the_o sittim_n mention_v in_o holy_a writ_n be_v believe_v to_o have_v be_v a_o kind_n of_o cedar_n of_o which_o the_o most_o precious_a utensil_n be_v form_v so_o that_o when_o they_o say_v a_o thing_n be_v cedro_fw-la digna_fw-la the_o meaning_n be_v worthy_a of_o eternity_n chap._n xxv_o of_o the_o cork_n ilex_fw-la alaternus_n phyllyrea_n granad_n lentisc_n myrtle_n jasmine_n etc._n etc._n cork_n 1._o the_o cork_n suber_n of_o which_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n and_o diverse_o more_o in_o the_o india_n one_o of_o a_o narrow_a less_o jagged_a leaf_n and_o perenneal_a the_o other_o of_o a_o broad_a fall_v in_o winter_n grow_v in_o the_o cold_a part_n of_o biscany_n in_o the_o north_n of_o new-england_n in_o the_o south-west_n of_o france_n especial_o the_o second_o species_n fit_a for_o our_o climate_n and_o in_o all_o sort_n of_o ground_n dry_a heath_n stony_n and_o rockie-mountain_n so_o as_o the_o root_n will_v run_v even_o above_o the_o earth_n where_o they_o have_v little_a to_o cover_v they_o all_o which_o consider_v methinks_v we_o shall_v not_o despair_v we_o have_v say_v where_o they_o grow_v plentiful_o in_o france_n but_o by_o pliny_n nat._n hist_o l._n 16._o c._n 8._o it_o shall_v seem_v they_o be_v since_o transplant_v thither_o for_o he_o affirm_v there_o be_v none_o either_o there_o or_o in_o italy_n in_o his_o time_n but_o i_o exceed_o wonder_v that_o carolus_n stephanus_n and_o crusius_n shall_v write_v so_o peremptory_o that_o there_o be_v none_o in_o italy_n where_o i_o myself_o have_v travel_v through_o vast_a wood_n of_o they_o about_o pisa_n aquin_n and_o in_o divers_a tract_n between_o rome_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n the_o spanish_a cork_n be_v a_o species_n of_o the_o enzina_fw-la differ_v chief_o in_o the_o leaf_n which_o be_v not_o so_o prickly_a and_o in_o the_o bark_n which_o be_v frequent_o four_o or_o five_o inch_n thick_a the_o manner_n of_o decortication_n whereof_o be_v once_o in_o two_o or_o three_o year_n to_o strip_v it_o in_o a_o dry_a season_n otherwise_o the_o intercutaneous_a moisture_n endanger_v the_o tree_n when_o the_o bark_n be_v off_o they_o unwarp_n it_o before_o the_o fire_n and_o press_v it_o even_o and_o that_o with_o weight_n upon_o the_o convex_a part_n and_o so_o it_o continue_v be_v cold_a 2._o the_o use_n of_o cork_n be_v well_o know_v among_o we_o both_o at_o sea_n and_o land_n for_o its_o resist_v both_o water_n and_o air_n the_o fisherman_n who_o deal_v in_o net_n and_o all_o who_o deal_n with_o liquor_n can_v be_v without_o it_o ancient_a person_n prefer_v it_o before_o leather_n for_o the_o sole_n of_o their_o shoe_n be_v light_n dry_a and_o resist_a moisture_n whence_o the_o german_n name_v it_o pantoffel-holt_n slipper-wood_n perhaps_o from_o the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d &_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o i_o find_v it_o first_o apply_v to_o that_o purpose_n by_o the_o grecian_a lady_n whence_o they_o be_v call_v light-footed_a i_o know_v not_o whether_o the_o epithet_n do_v still_o belong_v to_o that_o sex_n but_o from_o they_o its_o likely_a the_o venetian_a dame_n take_v it_o up_o for_o their_o monstrous_a chopine_n affect_v or_o usurp_v a_o artificial_a eminency_n above_o man_n which_o nature_n have_v deny_v they_o of_o one_o of_o the_o sort_n of_o cork_n be_v make_v pretty_a cup_n and_o other_o vessel_n esteem_v good_a to_o drink_v out_o of_o for_o hectical_a person_n the_o egyptian_n make_v their_o coffin_n of_o it_o which_o be_v line_v with_o a_o râ—sinous_a composition_n preserve_v their_o dead_a incorrupt_a the_o poor_a people_n in_o spain_n lay_v broad_a plank_n of_o it_o by_o their_o bedside_n to_o tread_v on_o as_o great_a person_n use_v turkey_n and_o persian_a carpet_n to_o defend_v they_o from_o the_o floor_n and_o sometime_o they_o line_n or_o wainscot_n the_o wall_n and_o inside_n of_o their_o house_n build_v of_o stone_n with_o this_o bark_n which_o render_v they_o very_o warm_a and_o correct_v the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n also_o they_o employ_v it_o for_o bee-hive_n and_o to_o double_v the_o inside_n of_o their_o contemplore_v and_o leather_n case_n wherein_o they_o put_v flasquera_n with_o snow_n to_o refrigerate_v their_o wine_n this_o tree_n have_v beneath_o the_o cortex_fw-la or_o cork_n two_o other_o coat_n or_o libri_fw-la of_o which_o one_o be_v red_a which_o they_o strip_v from_o the_o bowl_n when_o it_o be_v fell_v only_o and_o this_o bear_v good_a price_n with_o the_o tanner_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o wood_n be_v very_o good_a fire_n and_o applicable_a to_o many_o other_o use_v of_o building_n palisade_n work_n etc._n etc._n ilex_fw-la 3._o ilex_fw-la major_n glandifera_fw-la or_o great_a scarlet_a oak_n thrive_v manifest_o with_o we_o witness_v his_o majesty_n privy_a garden_n at_o white-hall_n where_o once_o flourish_v a_o goodly_a tree_n of_o more_o than_o fourscore_o year_n growth_n though_o there_o be_v now_o but_o a_o sickly_a imp_n of_o it_o remain_v 4._o by_o what_o i_o have_v touch_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o elm_n concern_v the_o peregrination_n of_o that_o tree_n into_o spain_n where_o even_o in_o plinie_n time_n there_o be_v none_o and_o where_o now_o they_o be_v in_o great_a abundance_n why_o shall_v we_o not_o more_o general_o endeavour_v to_o propagate_v the_o ilex_fw-la among_o we_o i_o mean_v that_o baccifera_fw-la which_o the_o spaniard_n call_v the_o enzina_fw-la and_o of_o which_o they_o have_v such_o wood_n and_o profitable_a plantation_n they_o be_v a_o hardy_a sort_n of_o tree_n and_o familiar_o raise_v from_o the_o acorn_n if_o we_o can_v have_v they_o sound_v and_o well_o put_v up_o in_o earth_n or_o sand_n as_o i_o have_v find_v by_o experience_n 5._o the_o wood_n of_o these_o ilex_n be_v serviceable_a for_o many_o use_n as_o stock_n of_o tool_n mallet-head_n mall-ball_n chair_n axeltrees_n wedge_n beetle_n pin_n and_o above_o all_o for_o palisado_n use_v in_o fortification_n beside_o it_o afford_v so_o good_a fuel_n that_o it_o supply_v all_o spain_n almost_o with_o the_o best_a and_o most_o last_a of_o charcoal_n in_o vast_a abundance_n of_o the_o first_o kind_n be_v make_v the_o paynten_a lac_n extract_v from_o the_o berry_n to_o speak_v nothing_o of_o that_o noble_a confection_n alkermes_n the_o acorn_n of_o the_o first_o yield_v excellent_a nourishment_n for_o rustic_n sweet_a and_o little_a if_o at_o all_o inferior_a to_o the_o chestnut_n and_o this_o and_o not_o the_o fagus_n be_v doubtless_o the_o true_a esculas_fw-la of_o the_o ancient_n the_o food_n of_o the_o golden_a age._n the_o wood_n of_o the_o enzina_fw-la when_o old_a be_v curious_o chamblet_v and_o embroider_v with_o natural_a vermiculation_n as_o if_o it_o be_v paint_v 6._o the_o alaternus_n alaternus_n which_o we_o have_v late_o receive_v from_o the_o hot_a part_n of_o languedoc_n and_o that_o be_v equal_a with_o the_o heat_n of_o almost_o any_o country_n in_o europe_n thrive_v with_o we_o in_o england_n as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o indigene_fw-la and_o natural_a 7._o i_o have_v have_v the_o honour_n to_o be_v the_o
first_o who_o bring_v it_o into_o use_n and_o reputation_n in_o this_o kingdom_n for_o the_o most_o beautiful_a and_o useful_a of_o hedge_n and_o verdure_n in_o the_o world_n the_o swiftness_n of_o the_o growth_n consider_v and_o propagate_v it_o from_o cornwall_n even_o to_o cumberland_n the_o seed_n grow_n ripe_a with_o we_o in_o august_n and_o the_o hony-breathing_a blossom_n afford_v a_o early_a and_o mervellous_a relief_n to_o the_o bee_n 8._o all_o the_o phillyrea's_n be_v yet_o more_o hardy_a phillyrea_n which_o make_v i_o wonder_n to_o find_v the_o angustifolia_n plant_v in_o case_n and_o so_o charâ—ly_o set_v into_o the_o stove_n among_o the_o orange_n and_o lemon_n when_o by_o long_a experience_n i_o have_v find_v it_o equal_a our_o holly_n in_o suffer_v the_o extreme_a rigour_n of_o our_o cruel_a frost_n and_o wind_n which_o be_v doubtless_o of_o all_o our_o english_a tree_n the_o most_o insensible_a and_o stout_a 9_o they_o be_v both_o alaternus_n and_o this_o raise_v of_o the_o seed_n though_o those_o of_o the_o phillyrea_n will_v be_v long_o under_o ground_n and_o be_v transplant_v for_o espalier_n hedge_n or_o standard_n be_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o shears_o as_o oft_o as_o there_o be_v occasion_n the_o alaternus_n will_v be_v up_o in_o one_o month_n after_o it_o be_v sow_v plant_v it_o out_o at_o two_o year_n growth_n and_o clip_v it_o after_o rain_n in_o the_o spring_n before_o it_o grow_n sticky_a and_o while_o the_o shoot_n be_v tender_a thus_o will_v it_o form_v a_o hedge_n though_o plant_v but_o in_o single_a row_n and_o at_o two_o foot_n distance_n of_o a_o yard_n in_o thickness_n twenty_o foot_n high_a if_o you_o desire_v it_o and_o furnish_v to_o the_o bottom_n but_o for_o a_o hedge_n of_o this_o altitude_n it_o will_v require_v the_o friendship_n of_o some_o wall_n or_o a_o frame_n of_o lusty_a pole_n to_o secure_v against_o the_o wind_n one_o of_o the_o most_o delicious_a object_n in_o nature_n but_o if_o we_o can_v have_v store_n of_o the_o phillyrea_n folio_fw-la leviter_fw-la serrato_fw-la of_o which_o i_o have_v raise_v some_o very_a fine_a plant_n from_o the_o seed_n we_o may_v fear_v no_o weather_n and_o the_o verdure_n be_v incomparable_a 10._o granadâ—_n the_o culture_n of_o the_o granade_n of_o which_o be_v three_o sort_n do_v little_o differ_v from_o that_o of_o the_o alaternus_n of_o which_o we_o may_v raise_v considerable_a hedge_n on_o all_o our_o southern_a aspect_n they_o have_v support_v that_o most_o unmerciful_a winter_n in_o sixty_o three_o without_o any_o artifice_n and_o if_o they_o yield_v we_o their_o flower_n for_o our_o pain_n of_o well_o prune_v and_o recision_n for_o they_o must_v diligent_o be_v purge_v of_o their_o wood_n it_o be_v a_o glorious_a recompense_n i_o plant_v they_o in_o my_o hedgerow_n even_o among_o the_o quick_a but_o to_o have_v they_o thrive_v you_o must_v loosen_v the_o earth_n at_o root_n and_o enrich_v it_o both_o spring_n and_o autumn_n leave_v but_o a_o few_o woody_a branch_n there_o be_v no_o tree_n so_o adulterous_a as_o this_o shrub_n and_o best_a by_o layer_n approach_v and_o inarch_v as_o they_o call_v it_o and_o thence_o it_o be_v say_v to_o marry_v with_o laurel_n damson_n ash_n almond_n mulberry_n citron_n etc._n etc._n too_o many_o i_o fear_v to_o hold_v if_o you_o will_v plant_v they_o in_o garden_n to_o best_a advantage_n keep_v they_o to_o one_o stem_n and_o enrich_v the_o mould_n with_o hog_n dung_n well_o consume_v which_o they_o great_o delight_v in_o myrtil_n 11._o the_o vulgar_a italian_a wild_a myrtil_n though_o not_o indeed_o the_o most_o fragrant_a grow_v high_a and_o support_v all_o weather_n i_o know_v of_o one_o near_o fifty_o year_n old_a which_o have_v be_v continual_o expose_v unless_o it_o be_v that_o in_o some_o exceed_a sharp_a season_n a_o little_a dry_a straw_n have_v be_v throw_v upon_o it_o and_o where_o they_o be_v smite_v be_v cut_v down_o near_o the_o ground_n they_o put_v forth_o and_o recover_v again_o which_o many_o time_n they_o do_v not_o in_o pot_n and_o case_n where_o the_o root_n be_v very_o obnoxious_a to_o perish_v with_o mouldiness_n the_o shelter_n of_o a_o few_o mat_n and_o straw_n secure_v very_o great_a tree_n both_o leaf_n and_o colour_n in_o perfection_n this_o last_o winter_n also_o which_o be_v plant_v abroad_o while_o those_o that_o be_v carry_v into_o the_o conserve_v be_v most_o of_o they_o lose_v myrtils_n may_v be_v raise_v of_o seed_n but_o with_o great_a caution_n and_o they_o seldom_o prove_v hardy_a nor_o be_v it_o worth_a the_o time_n be_v so_o abundant_o increase_v of_o layer_n lentisc_n 12._o lentiscus_fw-la the_o lentisc_n a_o very_a beautiful_a ever-green_a will_v thrive_v abroad_o with_o we_o with_o a_o little_a care_n and_o shelter_n among_o other_o expose_v shrub_n and_o may_v be_v propagate_v of_o sucker_n and_o layer_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v do_v by_o the_o olive_n though_o it_o bear_v no_o other_o fruit_n than_o the_o perennial_a verdure_n of_o the_o leaf_n of_o the_o lentisc_n be_v make_v the_o best_a tooth-picker_n in_o the_o world_n and_o the_o mastic_n or_o gum_n be_v of_o excellent_a use_n especial_o for_o the_o tooth_n and_o gum_n 13._o i_o may_v to_o these_o add_v lignum_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la the_o aethiopic_n seseli_fw-la halimus_n latifolius_n laurus_fw-la tinus_fw-la celastâ—us_fw-la etc._n etc._n fit_a for_o the_o shrubby_a part_n and_o under-furniture_n of_o our_o ever_o green_a grove_n and_o near_o our_o garden_n of_o pleasure_n but_o 14._o i_o produce_v not_o these_o particular_n and_o other_o amoena_fw-la vireta_fw-la already_o mention_v as_o signify_v any_o thing_n to_o timber_n the_o main_a design_n of_o this_o treatise_n though_o i_o read_v of_o some_o myrtil_v so_o tall_a as_o to_o make_v spear_n shaft_n but_o to_o exemplify_v in_o what_o may_v be_v far_o add_v to_o ornament_n and_o pleasure_n by_o a_o cheap_a and_o most_o agreeable_a industry_n the_o berry_n of_o myrtil_n be_v use_v of_o old_a in_o stead_n of_o pepper_n jasmine_n 15._o the_o common_a white_a and_o yellow_a jasmine_n will_v flower_n plentiful_o in_o our_o wood_n and_o as_o hardy_a as_o any_o of_o the_o periclimena_n how_o it_o be_v propagate_v by_o submersion_n or_o layer_n every_o gardener_n skill_v and_o if_o it_o be_v as_o much_o employ_v for_o nose_n gay_n etc._n etc._n with_o we_o as_o it_o be_v in_o france_n and_o italy_n they_o may_v make_v money_n enough_o of_o the_o flower_n one_o sorry_a tree_n in_o paris_n where_o they_o abound_v have_v be_v worth_a to_o a_o poor_a woman_n near_o twenty_o shilling_n in_o a_o year_n chap._n xxvi_o of_o the_o acacia_n arbutus_fw-la bays_n box_n yew_n holly_n juniper_n and_o laurel-tree_n 1._o the_o french_a have_v late_o bring_v in_o the_o virginian_a acacia_n acacia_n which_o exceed_o adorn_v their_o walk_n the_o tree_n be_v hardy_a against_o all_o the_o invasion_n of_o our_o sharp_a season_n but_o our_o high_a wind_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o brittle_a nature_n it_o do_v not_o so_o well_o resist_v and_o the_o root_n which_o insinuate_v and_o run_v like_o liquorize_v under_o ground_n be_v apt_a to_o emaciate_a the_o soil_n and_o therefore_o haply_o not_o so_o commendable_a in_o our_o garden_n as_o they_o will_v be_v agreeable_a for_o variety_n of_o walk_n and_o shade_n they_o thrive_v well_o in_o his_o majesty_n new_a plantation_n in_o st._n james_n park_n 2._o but_o why_o do_v we_o thus_o neglect_v the_o arbutus_n arbutus_fw-la and_o make_v that_o such_o a_o rarity_n which_o grow_v so_o common_a and_o so_o natural_o in_o ireland_n it_o be_v indeed_o with_o some_o difficulty_n raise_v from_o the_o seed_n but_o it_o may_v be_v propagate_v from_o the_o layer_n grow_v to_o a_o goodly_a tree_n be_v patient_a of_o our_o severe_a wether_n and_o may_v be_v contrive_v into_o most_o beautiful_a hedge_n virgil_n report_v it_o will_v inoculate_v with_o the_o nut_n and_o i_o find_v bauhinus_n commend_v the_o coal_n for_o goldsmith_n work_n and_o the_o poet_n arbutean_a harrow_n and_o the_o mystic_a van._n arbuteae_n crate_v &_o mystica_fw-la vannus_fw-la jacchi_fw-la georg._n 1._o 3._o bay_n be_v increase_v both_o of_o their_o sucker_n and_o seed_n bay_n which_o shall_v be_v dropping-ripe_a ere_o gather_v pliny_n have_v a_o particular_a process_n for_o the_o order_n of_o the_o seed_n and_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v reject_v which_o be_v the_o gather_v the_o berry_n in_o january_n and_o spread_v they_o till_o their_o sweat_n be_v over_o then_o he_o put_v they_o in_o dung_n and_o sow_v they_o as_o for_o the_o steep_v in_o wine_n water_n do_v altogether_o as_o well_o other_o wash_v the_o seed_n from_o their_o mucilage_n by_o break_v and_o bruise_v the_o glutinous_a berry_n then_o sow_v they_o in_o march_n by_o score_n in_o a_o heap_n and_o indeed_o so_o they_o will_v come_v up_o in_o cluster_n but_o nothing_o
so_o well_o nor_o fit_a for_o transplantation_n as_o where_o they_o be_v inter_v with_o a_o competent_a scatter_n so_o as_o you_o will_v furrow_v pease_n both_o this_o way_n and_o by_o set_v they_o apart_o which_o i_o most_o commend_v i_o have_v raise_v multitude_n and_o that_o in_o the_o berry_n without_o any_o far_a preparation_n only_o for_o the_o first_o two_o year_n they_o will_v be_v defend_v from_o the_o pierce_a wind_n which_o frequent_o destroy_v they_o and_o yet_o the_o scorch_a of_o their_o tender_a leaf_n ought_v not_o make_v you_o despair_n for_o many_o of_o they_o will_v recover_v beyond_o expectation_n 4._o this_o aromatic_a tree_n great_o love_v the_o shade_n yet_o thrive_v best_a in_o our_o hot_a gravel_n have_v once_o pass_v those_o first_o difficulty_n age_n and_o culture_n about_o the_o root_n wonderful_o augment_v its_o growth_n so_o as_o i_o have_v see_v tree_n near_o thirty_o foot_n high_a of_o they_o and_o almost_o two_o foot_n diameter_n they_o be_v fit_a also_o both_o for_o arbour_n and_o palisade-work_n so_o the_o gardener_n understand_v when_o to_o prune_v and_o keep_v it_o from_o grow_v two_o woody_a box._fw-la 5._o the_o box_n which_o we_o begin_v to_o proscribe_v our_o garden_n and_o indeed_o bee_n be_v no_o friend_n to_o it_o shall_v not_o yet_o be_v banish_v from_o our_o care_n because_o the_o excellency_n of_o the_o wood_n do_v commute_v for_o the_o unagreeablenesse_n of_o its_o smell_n therefore_o let_v we_o furnish_v our_o cold_n and_o barren_a hill_n and_o declivity_n with_o this_o useful_a shrub_n i_o mean_v the_o tall_a sort_n for_o i_o meddle_v not_o here_o with_o the_o dwarf_n and_o more_o tonsile_a it_o will_v increase_v abundant_o of_o slip_n set_v in_o march_n 6._o the_o turner_n ingraver_n carver_n mathematical-instrument_n comb_n and_o pipemaker_n si_fw-la buxos_fw-la inflare_fw-la juvat_fw-la virg._n give_v great_a prize_n for_o it_o by_o weight_n as_o well_o as_o measure_v and_o by_o the_o season_n and_o divers_a manner_n of_o cut_v vigorous_a insolation_n politure_n and_o grind_n the_o root_n of_o this_o tree_n as_o of_o even_o our_o common_a and_o neglect_a thorn_n do_v furnish_v the_o inlayer_n and_o cabinet-maker_n with_o piece_n rare_o undulate_v and_o full_a of_o variety_n also_o of_o box_n be_v make_v wheel_n or_o shivers_n as_o our_o ship-carpenter_n call_v they_o and_o pinn_v for_o block_n and_o pulley_n peg_n for_o musical_a instrument_n nutcracker_n weaver_n shuttle_n hollar-sticks_a bump-sticks_a and_o dresser_n for_o the_o shoemaker_n ruler_n rolling-pin_n pestle_n mall-ball_n beetle_n topps_n table_n chess-man_n skrew_n male_a and_o female_a bobins_n for_o bonelace_n spoon_n nay_o the_o stout_a axletree_n but_o above_o all_o box-comb_n bear_v no_o small_a part_n in_o the_o militia_n of_o the_o female_a art_n they_o tie_v the_o link_n which_o hold_v our_o gallant_n fast_o and_o spread_v the_o net_n to_o which_o fond_a lover_n haste_n non_fw-la ultima_fw-la belli_fw-la arma_fw-la puellaris_fw-la laquâ—os_fw-la haec_fw-la nectit_fw-la amantûm_fw-la et_fw-la venatricis_fw-la disponit_fw-la retia_fw-la formae_fw-la couleii_n pl._n l._n 6_o 7._o the_o chemical_a oil_n of_o this_o wood_n have_v do_v the_o feat_n of_o the_o best_a guajacum_fw-la though_o in_o great_a quantity_n for_o the_o cure_n of_o venereal_a disease_n as_o one_o of_o the_o most_o expert_a physician_n in_o europe_n have_v confess_v yew_n 8._o since_o the_o use_n of_o bow_n be_v lay_v aside_o among_o we_o the_o propagation_n of_o the_o yew-tree_n of_o which_o we_o have_v two_o sort_n and_o other_o place_n reckon_v more_o as_o the_o arcadian_a black_a and_o red_a the_o yellow_a of_o ida_n infinite_o esteem_v of_o old_a be_v likewise_o quite_o forbear_v but_o the_o neglect_n of_o it_o be_v to_o be_v deplore_v see_v that_o beside_o the_o rarity_n of_o it_o in_o italy_n and_o france_n where_o but_o little_a of_o it_o grow_v the_o barren_a ground_n and_o cold_a of_o our_o mountain_n for_o aquilonem_fw-la &_o frigora_fw-la taxi_fw-la may_v be_v profitable_o replenish_v with_o they_o i_o say_v profitable_o for_o beside_o the_o use_n of_o the_o wood_n for_o bow_n ityraeos_fw-la taxi_fw-la torquentur_fw-la in_o arcu_fw-la for_o which_o the_o close_a and_o more_o deep_o die_v be_v best_o the_o forementioned_a artist_n in_o box_n most_o glad_o employ_v it_o and_o for_o the_o clog_n of_o mill_n post_n to_o be_v set_v in_o moist_a ground_n and_o everlasting_a axletree_n there_o be_v none_o to_o be_v compare_v with_o it_o likewise_o for_o the_o body_n of_o lute_n theorbas_n bowles_n wheel_n and_o pinn_v for_o pully_n yea_o and_o for_o tankard_n to_o drink_v out_o of_o whatever_o pliny_n report_n concern_v its_o shade_n and_o the_o story_n of_o the_o air_n about_o thasus_n the_o fate_n of_o cativulcus_n mention_v by_o caesar_n and_o the_o ill_a report_n which_o the_o fruit_n have_v vulgar_o obtain_v in_o france_n spain_n and_o arcadia_n but_o how_o be_v poor_a tree_n abuse_v quam_fw-la multa_fw-la arborihus_n tribuuntur_fw-la crimina_fw-la falsa_fw-la 9_o the_o toxic_a quality_n be_v certain_o in_o the_o liquor_n which_o those_o good_a fellow_n tipple_v out_o of_o those_o bottle_n not_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o wood_n which_o yet_o he_o affirm_v be_v cure_v of_o that_o venenous_a quality_n by_o drive_v a_o brazen-wedge_n into_o the_o body_n of_o it_o this_o i_o have_v never_o try_v but_o that_o of_o the_o shade_n and_o fruit_n i_o have_v frequent_o without_o any_o deadly_a or_o noxious_a effect_n so_o that_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o tree_n which_o sestius_n call_v smilax_n and_o our_o historian_n think_v to_o be_v our_o yew_n be_v some_o other_o wood_n and_o yet_o i_o acknowledge_v that_o it_o be_v esteem_v noxious_a to_o cattle_n when_o it_o be_v in_o the_o seed_n or_o new_o sprout_v 10._o this_o tree_n be_v easy_o produce_v of_o the_o seed_n wash_v and_o cleanse_v from_o their_o mucilage_n and_o bury_v in_o the_o ground_n like_o haw_n it_o will_v common_o be_v the_o second_o winter_n ere_o they_o peep_v and_o then_o they_o rise_v with_o their_o cap_n on_o their_o head_n be_v three_o year_n old_a you_o may_v transplant_v they_o and_o form_v they_o into_o standard_n knob_n walk_n hedge_n etc._n etc._n in_o all_o which_o work_v they_o succeed_v marvellous_a well_o and_o be_v worth_a our_o patience_n for_o their_o perennial_a verdure_n and_o durableness_n 11._o he_o that_o in_o winter_n shall_v behold_v some_o of_o our_o high_a hill_n in_o surrey_n clad_v with_o whole_a wood_n of_o these_o two_o last_o sort_n of_o tree_n for_o divers_a mile_n in_o circuit_n as_o in_o those_o delicious_a grove_n of_o they_o belong_v to_o the_o honourable_a my_o noble_a friend_n sir_n adam_n brown_n of_o bech-worth-castle_n from_o box-hill_n and_o near_o our_o famous_a mole_n or_o swallow_n may_v without_o the_o least_o violence_n to_o his_o imagination_n easy_o fancy_n himself_o transport_v into_o some_o new_a or_o enchant_a country_n for_o if_o any_o spot_n of_o england_n it_o be_v here_o eternal_a spring_n and_o summer_n all_o the_o year_n hîc_fw-la ver_fw-la perpetuum_fw-la atque_fw-la alienis_fw-la mensibus_fw-la aestas_fw-la 12._o but_o holly_n above_o all_o the_o natural_a green_n which_o enrich_v our_o home-born_a store_n there_o be_v none_o certain_o to_o be_v compare_v to_o the_o agrifolium_fw-la or_o acuifolium_fw-la rather_o our_o holly_n insomuch_o as_o i_o have_v often_o wonder_v at_o our_o curiosity_n after_o foreign_a plant_n and_o expensive_a difficulty_n to_o the_o neglect_n of_o the_o culture_n of_o this_o vulgar_a but_o incomparable_a tree_n whether_o we_o will_v propagate_v it_o for_o use_n and_o defence_n or_o for_o sight_n and_o ornament_n a_o hedge_n of_o holly_n thief_n that_o will_v invade_v repulse_n like_o a_o grow_a palizade_n who_o numerous_a leave_v such_o orient_a green_n invest_v as_o in_o deep_a winter_n do_v the_o spring_n a_o rest_n mala_fw-la furta_fw-la hominum_fw-la densis_fw-la mucronibus_fw-la axcens_fw-la securum_fw-la defendit_fw-la in_o expugnabilis_fw-la hortûm_fw-la exornátque_fw-la simul_fw-la toto_fw-la spectabilis_fw-la anno_fw-la et_fw-la numero_fw-la &_o viridifoliorum_fw-la luce_fw-fr nitentum_fw-la couleii_n pl._n l._n 6._o 13._o be_v there_o under_o heaven_n a_o more_o glorious_a and_o refresh_a object_n of_o the_o kind_n than_o a_o impregnable_a hedge_n of_o one_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o foot_n in_o length_n seven_o foot_n high_a and_o five_o in_o diameter_n which_o i_o can_v show_v in_o my_o poor_a garden_n at_o any_o time_n of_o the_o year_n glitt'r_v with_o its_o arm_a and_o varnished_a leaf_n the_o tall_a standard_n at_o orderly_a distance_n blush_v with_o their_o natural_a coral_n it_o mock_v at_o the_o rude_a assault_n of_o the_o wether_n beast_n or_o hedge-breaker_n et_fw-la illum_fw-la nemo_fw-la impunè_fw-la lacessit_fw-la it_o be_v with_o we_o of_o two_o eminent_a kind_n the_o prickly_a and_o smooth_a leave_a or_o as_o some_o term_n it_o the_o free-hol_o not_o unwelcome_a when_o tender_a to_o sheep_n and_o other_o cattle_n
scaliger_n his_o antagonist_n speak_v of_o ad_fw-la gambrae_fw-la fluvium_fw-la mathiolus_n speak_v of_o a_o tree_n grow_v in_o the_o island_n of_o cyprus_n which_o contain_v 130_o foot_n high_a sound_a timber_n and_o upon_o mount_n aetna_n in_o sicily_n be_v a_o place_n call_v by_o they_o the_o ire_n castayne_v from_o three_o chestnut-tree_n there_o stand_v where_o in_o the_o cavity_n of_o one_o yet_o remain_v a_o considerable_a flock_n of_o sheep_n be_v common_o fold_v kercher_n word_n be_v these_o as_o see_v by_o himself_o et_fw-la quod_fw-la forsan_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d videri_fw-la possit_fw-la ostendit_fw-la mihi_fw-la viae_fw-la dux_fw-la unius_fw-la castaneae_n corticem_fw-la tantae_fw-la amplitudinis_fw-la ut_fw-la inta_fw-la eam_fw-la integer_fw-la pecorum_fw-la grex_fw-la à _fw-la pastoribus_fw-la tanquam_fw-la in_o caula_fw-la commodissima_fw-la noctu_fw-la includeretur_fw-la china_n illust_n p._n 185._o and_o what_o may_v we_o conceive_v of_o those_o tree_n in_o the_o india_n one_o of_o who_o nut_n hardly_o one_o man_n be_v able_a to_o carry_v and_o which_o be_v so_o vast_a as_o they_o depend_v not_o like_o other_o fruit_n by_o a_o stalk_v from_o the_o bough_n but_o be_v produce_v out_o of_o the_o very_a body_n and_o stem_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o be_v sufficient_a to_o feed_v twenty_o person_n at_o a_o meal_n we_o read_v of_o a_o certain_a fig_n in_o the_o caribby_n island_n which_o emit_v such_o large_a buttress_n that_o great_a plank_n for_o table_n and_o flooring_n be_v cleave_v out_o of_o they_o without_o the_o least_o prejudice_n to_o the_o tree_n and_o that_o one_o of_o these_o do_v easy_o shelter_v 200_o man_n under_o they_o strabo_n i_o remember_v geog._n l._n 15._o talk_v of_o fifty_o horseman_n under_o a_o tree_n in_o india_n his_o word_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o of_o another_o that_o shade_a five_o stadia_fw-la at_o once_o and_o in_o another_o place_n of_o a_o pine_n about_o ida_n which_o hold_v 24_o foot_n diameter_n and_o of_o a_o monstrous_a height_n but_o this_o and_o all_o we_o have_v hitherto_o produce_v be_v nothing_o to_o what_o i_o find_v mention_v in_o the_o late_a chineze_n history_n as_o it_o be_v set_v forth_o upon_o occasion_n of_o the_o dutch_a embassy_n where_o they_o tell_v we_o of_o a_o certain_a tree_n call_v ciennich_n or_o the_o tree_n of_o a_o thousand_o year_n in_o the_o province_n of_o suchu_n near_o the_o city_n kien_fw-fr which_o be_v so_o prodigious_o large_a as_o to_o shroud_v 200_o sheep_n under_o one_o only_a branch_n of_o it_o without_o be_v so_o much_o as_o perceive_v by_o those_o who_o approach_v it_o and_o to_o conclude_v with_o yet_o a_o great_a wonder_n of_o another_o in_o the_o province_n of_o chekiang_n who_o amplitude_n be_v so_o stupendious_o vast_a as_o fourscore_o person_n can_v hardly_o embrace_v not_o to_o omit_v the_o strange_a and_o incredible_a bulk_n of_o some_o oak_n stand_v late_o in_o westphalia_n whereof_o one_o serve_v both_o for_o a_o castle_n and_o fort_n and_o another_o there_o which_o contain_v in_o height_n 130_o foot_n and_o as_o some_o report_n 30_o foot_n diameter_n i_o have_v read_v of_o a_o table_n of_o walnut-tree_n to_o be_v see_v at_o saint_n nicholas_n in_o lorraine_n which_o hold_v 25_o foot_n broad_a all_o of_o a_o piece_n and_o of_o competent_a length_n and_o thickness_n rare_o fleked_a and_o water_v scamozzi_n the_o architect_n report_v he_o see_v it_o such_o a_o monster_n that_o may_v be_v under_o which_o the_o emperor_n fred._n the_o three_o hold_v his_o magnificent_a feast_n 1472._o for_o in_o this_o resention_n we_o will_v endeavour_v to_o give_v a_o taste_n of_o more_o fresh_a observation_n and_o to_o compare_v our_o modern_a timber_n with_o the_o ancient_n and_o that_o not_o only_o abroad_o but_o without_o travel_v into_o foreign_a country_n for_o these_o wonder_n 8._o what_o goodly_a tree_n be_v of_o old_a adore_v and_o consecrate_v by_o the_o dryad_n i_o leave_v to_o conjecture_v from_o the_o story_n of_o our_o ancient_a britain_n who_o have_v they_o leave_v record_n of_o their_o prodigy_n in_o this_o kind_n will_v doubtless_o have_v furnish_v we_o with_o example_n as_o remarkable_a for_o the_o growth_n and_o stature_n of_o tree_n as_o any_o which_o we_o have_v deduce_v from_o the_o writer_n of_o foreign_a place_n since_o the_o remain_v of_o what_o be_v yet_o in_o be_v notwithstanding_o the_o havoc_n which_o have_v universal_o be_v make_v and_o the_o little_a care_n to_o improve_v our_o wood_n may_v stand_v in_o fair_a competition_n with_o any_o thing_n that_o antiquity_n can_v produce_v 9_o there_o be_v somewhere_o in_o wales_n a_o inscription_n extant_a cut_v into_o the_o wood_n of_o a_o old_a beam_n thus_o sexaginta_fw-la pedes_fw-la fverant_a in_o stipite_fw-la nostro_fw-la excepta_fw-la coma_n qvae_fw-la speciosa_fw-la fvit_fw-la this_o must_v needs_o have_v be_v a_o noble_a tree_n but_o not_o without_o late_a parallel_n for_o to_o instance_n in_o the_o several_a species_n and_o speak_v first_o of_o the_o bulk_n of_o some_o immense_a tree_n there_o be_v stand_v a_o old_a and_o decay_a chessnut_n at_o frait_v in_o essex_n who_o very_a stump_n do_v yield_v thirty_o sizable_a load_n of_o log_n i_o can_v produce_v you_o another_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n in_o glocestershire_n which_o contain_v within_o the_o bowel_n of_o it_o a_o pretty_a wainscotted_n room_n enlighten_v with_o window_n and_o furnish_v with_o seat_n etc._n etc._n to_o answer_v the_o lician_n platanus_n late_o mention_v 10._o but_o while_o i_o be_o on_o this_o period_n see_v what_o a_o tilia_fw-la that_o most_o learned_a and_o oblige_a person_n d._n brown_a of_o norwich_n describe_v to_o i_o in_o a_o letter_n just_a now_o receive_v a_o extraordinary_a large_a and_o stately_a tilia_fw-la linden_n or_o limetree_n there_o grow_v at_o depeham_n in_o norfolk_n ten_o mile_n from_o norwich_n who_o measure_n be_v this_o the_o compass_n in_o the_o least_o part_n of_o the_o trunk_n or_o body_n about_o two_o yard_n from_o the_o ground_n be_v at_o least_o eight_o yard_n and_o half_a about_o the_o root_n nigh_o the_o earth_n sixteen_o yard_n about_o half_a a_o yard_n above_o that_o near_o twelve_o yard_n in_o circuit_n the_o height_n to_o the_o uppermost_a bough_n about_o thirty_o yard_n which_o surmount_v the_o famous_a tilia_fw-la of_o zurich_n in_o switzerland_n and_o uncertain_a it_o be_v whether_o in_o any_o tilicetum_fw-la or_o lime-walk_a abroad_o it_o be_v considerable_o exceed_v yet_o be_v the_o first_o motive_n i_o have_v to_o view_v it_o not_o so_o much_o the_o largeness_n of_o the_o tree_n as_o the_o general_a opinion_n that_o no_o man_n can_v ever_o name_v it_o but_o i_o find_v it_o to_o be_v a_o tilia_fw-la faemina_fw-la and_o if_o the_o distinction_n of_o bauhinus_n be_v admit_v from_o the_o great_a and_o lesser_a leaf_n a_o tilia_fw-la platyphyllos_fw-la or_o latifolia_n some_o leaf_n be_v three_o inch_n broad_a but_o to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o other_o in_o the_o country_n i_o call_v it_o tilia_fw-la colossaea_n depehamensis_n thus_o the_o doctor_n a_o poplar-tree_n not_o much_o inferior_a to_o this_o he_o inform_v i_o grow_v late_o at_o harling_o thetford_n at_o sir_n william_n gawdy_n gate_n blow_v down_o by_o that_o terrible_a hurrocan_n about_o four_o year_n since_o 11._o i_o be_o tell_v of_o a_o very_a withy-tree_n to_o be_v see_v somewhere_o in_o berkshire_n which_o be_v increase_v to_o a_o most_o stupendous_a bulk_n but_o these_o for_o arrive_v hasty_o to_o their_o acme_n and_o period_n and_o general_o not_o so_o considerable_a for_o their_o use_n i_o pass_v to_o the_o ash_n elm_n oak_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v of_o the_o first_o of_o these_o divers_a which_o measure_v in_o length_n one_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o two_o foot_n sell_v late_o in_o essex_n and_o in_o the_o manor_n of_o horton_n to_o go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o parish_n of_o ebsham_n in_o surrey_n belong_v to_o my_o brother_n richard_n evelyn_n esq_n there_o be_v elm_n now_o stand_v in_o good_a number_n which_o will_v bear_v almost_o three_o foot_n square_a for_o more_o than_o forty_o foot_n in_o height_n which_o be_v in_o my_o judgement_n a_o very_a extraordinary_a matter_n they_o grow_v in_o a_o moist_a gravel_n and_o in_o the_o hedgerow_n not_o to_o insist_v upon_o beech_n which_o be_v frequent_o very_o large_a there_o be_v oak_n of_o forty_o foot_n high_a and_o five_o foot_n diameter_n yet_o flourish_v in_o divers_a old_a park_n of_o our_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n a_o large_a and_o goodly_a oak_n there_o be_v at_o reedham_n in_o sir_n richard_n berney_n park_n of_o norfolk_n which_o i_o be_o inform_v be_v value_v at_o forty_o pound_n the_o timber_n and_o twelve_o pound_n the_o lop_n wood_n 12._o nor_o be_v we_o to_o over-pass_a those_o memorable_a tree_n which_o so_o late_o flourish_v in_o dennington_n park_n near_o newberry_n among_o which_o three_o be_v most_o remarkable_a from_o the_o ingenious_a
cleave_v as_o what_o be_v hew_v nor_o that_o which_o be_v square_v as_o what_o be_v round_o and_o therefore_o where_o use_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o huge_a and_o massy_a column_n let_v they_o be_v bore_v through_o from_o end_n to_o end_n it_o be_v a_o excellent_a preservative_n from_o split_v and_o not_o un-philosophical_a though_o to_o cure_v this_o accident_n the_o rub_v they_o over_o with_o a_o wax-cloth_n be_v good_a painter_n putty_n etc._n etc._n or_o before_o it_o be_v convert_v the_o smear_v the_o timber_n over_o with_o cowdung_n which_o prevent_v the_o effect_n both_o of_o sun_n and_o air_n upon_o it_o if_o of_o necessity_n it_o must_v lie_v expose_v but_o beside_o the_o former_a remedy_n i_o find_v this_o for_o the_o close_n of_o the_o chap_n and_o cleft_n of_o green-timber_n to_o anoint_v and_o supple_a it_o with_o the_o fat_a of_o powder_a beef-broth_n with_o which_o it_o must_v be_v well_o soak_v the_o chasm'_v fill_v with_o sponge_n dip_v into_o it_o this_o to_o be_v twice_o do_v over_o some_o carpenter_n make_v use_v of_o grease_n and_o sawdust_n mingle_v but_o the_o first_o be_v so_o good_a a_o way_n say_v my_o author_n that_o i_o have_v see_v wind-shock-timber_n so_o exquisite_o close_v as_o not_o to_o be_v discern_v where_o the_o defect_n be_v this_o must_v be_v use_v when_o the_o timber_n be_v green_a 6._o we_o speak_v before_o of_o square_n and_o i_o will_v now_o recommend_v the_o quarter_a of_o such_o tree_n as_o will_v allow_v useful_a and_o competent_a scantlings_n to_o be_v of_o much_o more_o durableness_n and_o effect_n for_o strength_n than_o where_o as_o custom_n be_v and_o for_o want_v of_o observation_n whole_a beam_n and_o timber_n be_v apply_v in_o ship_n or_o house_n with_o slab_n and_o all_o about_o they_o upon_o false_a supposition_n of_o strength_n beyond_o these_o quarter_n for_o there_o be_v in_o all_o tree_n a_o evident_a interstice_n or_o separation_n between_o the_o heart_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n which_o render_v it_o much_o more_o obnoxious_a to_o decay_v and_o miscarry_v than_o when_o they_o be_v treat_v and_o convert_v as_o i_o have_v describe_v it_o and_o it_o will_v likewise_o save_v a_o world_n of_o material_n in_o the_o building_n of_o great_a ship_n where_o so_o much_o excellent_a timber_n be_v hew_v away_o to_o spoil_v be_v it_o more_o in_o practice_n final_o 7._o i_o must_v not_o omit_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o coat_a of_o timber_n in_o work_n use_v by_o the_o hollander_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o their_o gate_n port-cullis's_a draw-bridge_n sluice_n and_o other_o huge_a beam_n and_o contignation_n of_o timber_n expose_v to_o the_o sun_n and_o perpetual_a injury_n of_o the_o wether_n by_o a_o certain_a mixture_n of_o pitch_n and_o tar_n upon_o which_o they_o strew_v small_a piece_n of_o cockle_n and_o other_o shell_n beat_v almost_o to_o powder_n and_o mingle_v with_o sea-sand_n or_o the_o scale_n of_o iron_n beat_v small_a and_o siefted_a which_o incrust_n and_o arm_n it_o after_o a_o incredible_a manner_n against_o all_o these_o assault_n and_o foreign_a invader_n but_o if_o this_o shall_v be_v deem_v more_o obnoxious_a to_o fire_v i_o have_v hear_v that_o a_o wash_v make_v of_o alum_n have_v wonderful_o protect_v it_o against_o the_o assault_n even_o of_o that_o devour_a element_n and_o that_o so_o a_o wooden_a tower_n or_o fort_n at_o the_o piraeum_n a_o athenian_a port_n be_v defend_v by_o archelaus_n a_o commander_n of_o mithridates_n from_o the_o great_a sylla_n 8._o timber_n that_o you_o have_v occasion_n to_o lay_v in_o mortar_n or_o which_o be_v in_o any_o part_n contiguous_a to_o lime_n as_o door_n window-case_n ground-sills_a and_o the_o extremity_n of_o beam_n etc._n etc._n shall_v be_v cape_v with_o melt_a pitch_n which_o will_v be_v a_o marvellous_a preserver_n of_o it_o from_o the_o burn_a and_o destructive_a effect_n of_o the_o lime_n and_o in_o defect_n of_o pitch_n loam_n or_o clay_n will_v prove_v a_o tolerable_a defence_n 9_o for_o all_o use_n that_o timber_n be_v esteem_v the_o best_a which_o be_v the_o most_o ponderous_a and_o which_o lie_v long_o make_v deep_a impression_n in_o the_o earth_n or_o in_o the_o water_n be_v float_v also_o what_o be_v without_o knot_n yet_o firm_a and_o free_a from_o sap_n which_o be_v that_o fatty_a white_a and_o soft_a part_n call_v by_o the_o ancient_n alburnum_fw-la which_o you_o be_v diligent_o to_o hew_v away_o here_o we_o have_v much_o ado_n about_o the_o porulus_fw-la of_o the_o fir_n and_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o both_o vitruvius_n and_o theophrastus_n which_o i_o pass_v over_o you_o shall_v perceive_v some_o which_o have_v a_o spiral_n convolution_n of_o the_o vein_n but_o it_o be_v a_o vice_n proceed_v from_o the_o severity_n of_o unseasonable_a winter_n and_o defect_n of_o good_a nutriment_n 10._o my_o lord_n bacon_n exp._n 658._o recommend_v for_o trial_n of_o a_o sound_n or_o knotty_a piece_n of_o timber_n to_o cause_v one_o to_o speak_v at_o one_o of_o the_o extreme_n to_o his_o companion_n listen_v at_o the_o other_o for_o if_o it_o be_v knotty_a the_o sound_n say_v he_o will_v come_v abrupt_a 11._o moreover_o it_o be_v expedient_a that_o you_o know_v which_o be_v the_o grain_n and_o which_o be_v the_o vein_n in_o timber_n whence_o the_o term_n fluviari_fw-la arborem_fw-la because_o of_o the_o difficulty_n of_o work_v against_o it_o those_o therefore_o be_v the_o vein_n which_o grow_v large_a and_o be_v soft_a for_o the_o benefit_n of_o cleave_v and_o hew_v that_o the_o grain_n or_o pectines_n which_o run_v in_o wave_n and_o make_v the_o divers_a and_o beautiful_a chamfer_n which_o some_o wood_n abound_v in_o to_o admiration_n the_o grain_n of_o beech_n run_v two_o contrary_a way_n and_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v wrought_v according_o 12._o here_o it_o may_v be_v fit_o inquire_v whether_o of_o all_o the_o sort_n we_o have_v enumerate_v the_o old_a or_o the_o young_a tree_n do_v yield_v the_o fair_a colour_n pleasant_a grain_n and_o gloss_n for_o wainscot_n cabinet_n box_n gun-stock_n etc._n etc._n and_o what_o kind_n of_o pear_n and_o plum-tree_n give_v the_o deep_a red_a and_o approach_v near_a in_o beauty_n to_o brasil_n it_o be_v affirm_v the_o old-oake_n old_a walnut_n and_o young-ash_n be_v best_a for_o most_o use_n black_a and_o thorny_a plum-tree_n be_v of_o the_o deep_a oriency_n but_o whether_o these_o belong_v to_o the_o forest_n i_o be_o not_o yet_o satisfy_v and_o therefore_o have_v assign_v they_o no_o chapter_n apart_o 13._o i_o will_v also_o add_v something_o concern_v what_o wood_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v most_o sonorous_a for_o musical_a instrument_n we_o as_o yet_o detect_v few_o but_o the_o german_a fir_n which_o be_v a_o species_n of_o maple_n for_o the_o rimm_n of_o viol_n and_o the_o choice_a and_o fine_a grain_v fir_n for_o the_o belly_n the_o finger-board_n back_o and_o rib_n i_o have_v see_v of_o yew_n pear-tree_n etc._n etc._n but_o pipe_n recorder_n and_o wind-instrument_n be_v make_v both_o of_o hard_a and_o soft_a wood_n i_o have_v late_o a_o organ_n with_o a_o set_n of_o oaken-pipe_n which_o be_v the_o most_o sweet_a and_o mellow_a that_o be_v ever_o hear_v it_o be_v a_o very_a old_a instrument_n and_o former_o i_o think_v belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o norfolk_n 14._o for_o the_o place_n of_o growth_n that_o timber_n be_v esteem_v best_o which_o grow_v most_o in_o the_o sun_n and_o on_o a_o dry_a and_o hale_v ground_n for_o those_o tree_n which_o suck_v and_o drink_v little_a be_v most_o hard_o robu_v and_o long_a live_v instance_n of_o sobriety_n the_o climate_n contribute_v much_o to_o its_o quality_n and_o the_o northern_a situation_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o quarter_n so_o as_o that_o which_o grow_v in_o tuscany_n be_v of_o old_a thought_n better_o than_o that_o of_o the_o venetian_a side_n and_o tree_n of_o the_o wild_a kind_n and_o barren_a than_o the_o over_o much_o cultivate_v and_o great_a bearer_n but_o of_o this_o already_o 15._o to_o omit_v nothing_o author_n have_v sum_v up_o the_o nature_n of_o timber_n as_o the_o hard_a ebeny_n box_n larch_n lotus_fw-la terebinth_n cornus_n yew_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v best_a to_o receive_v politure_n and_o for_o this_o lin-seed_n or_o the_o sweet_a nut_n oil_n do_v the_o effect_n best_o pliny_n give_v we_o the_o receipt_n with_o a_o decoction_n of_o walnut-shale_n and_o certain_a wild_a pear_n next_o to_o these_o oak_n for_o ship_n and_o house_n or_o more_o minutely_o the_o oak_n for_o the_o keel_n the_o robur_n for_o the_o prow_n walnut_n the_o stern_a elm_n the_o pump_n furnerus_n l._n 1._o c._n 22._o conceive_v the_o ark_n to_o have_v be_v build_v of_o several_a wood_n cornel_n holly_n etc._n etc._n for_o pin_n wedge_n etc._n etc._n chessnut_n horn-beam_n poplar_n etc._n etc._n
any_o usual_a building_n these_o be_v the_o legal_a proportion_n and_o which_o builder_n ought_v not_o to_o vary_v from_o summer_n or_o girder_n from_o f._n 14_o 18_o 20_o 23_o 26_o to_o f._n 16_o 20_o 23_o 26_o 28_o in_o length_n must_v be_v in_o their_o square_n in._n 11_o 13_o 14_o 16_o 17_o &_o in._n 8_o 9_o 10_o 12_o 14_o joyst_n of_o foot_n 11½_n 10½_n in_o length_n must_v be_v in_o their_o square_n inch_n 8_o 7_o 6_o inch_n 3_o 3_o 3_o bind_v joyst_n &_o trim_v from_o f._n 7_o to_o f._n 11½_n in_o length_n must_v be_v in_o their_o square_n 6_o 7_o 8_o &_o 5_o 5_o 5_o wall-plate_n and_o beam_n of_o any_o length_n from_o 15_o foot_n may_v have_v in_o their_o square_n inch_n 7_o 10_o 8_o &_o inch_n 5_o 6_o 6_o purlynes_n from_o f._n 15_o 18½_n to_o f._n 18½_n 21½_n in_o length_n must_v have_v in_o their_o square_n 9_o 12_o &_o 8_o 9_o principal_a rafter_n cut_v taper_n from_o f._n 12½_n 14½_n 18½_n 21½_n 24½_n to_o f._n 14½_n 18½_n 21½_n 24½_n 26½_n in_o length_n must_v have_v in_o their_o square_n on_o one_o side_n in._n 8_o 9_o 10_o 12_o 9_o to_z in._n 5_o 7_o 8_o 9_o 9_o on_z the_o other_z side_z 6_o 7_o 8_o 9_o single_a rafter_n in_o length_n from_o 6½_n to_o 9½_n f._n 6½_n 0_o 9½_n must_v have_v in_o their_o squ_n 5-3½_a &_o 5_o 4_o principal_a discharger_n of_o any_o length_n from_o foot_n 10_o upward_o must_v have_v in_o their_o square_a inch_n 13_o 16_o inch_n 12_o 13_o but_o carpenter_n also_o work_v by_o square_n which_o be_v 10_o foot_n in_o frame_v and_o erect_v the_o carcase_n as_o they_o call_v it_o of_o any_o timber_n edifice_n which_o be_v value_v according_a to_o the_o goodness_n and_o choice_n of_o the_o material_n and_o curiosity_n in_o frame_v especial_o roof_n and_o stayre-case_n which_o be_v of_o most_o charge_n and_o here_o may_v also_o something_o be_v add_v concern_v the_o manner_n of_o frame_v the_o carcase_n of_o building_n as_o of_o floor_n pitch_n of_o roof_n the_o length_n of_o hip_n and_o sleeper_n together_o with_o the_o name_n of_o all_o those_o several_a timber_n use_v in_o fabric_n total_o consist_v of_o wood_n but_o i_o find_v it_o do_v to_o my_o hand_n and_o publish_a some_o year_n since_o at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o late_a translation_n of_o the_o first_o book_n of_o palladio_n to_o which_o i_o refer_v the_o reader_n and_o to_o accomplish_v our_o artist_n in_o timber_n with_o the_o utmost_a which_o that_o material_a be_v capable_a of_o to_o the_o study_n and_o contemplation_n of_o that_o stupendous_a roof_n which_o now_o lie_v over_o the_o ever_o renown_a sheldonean_a theatre_n at_o the_o university_n of_o oxford_n be_v the_o sole_a work_n and_o contrivement_n of_o that_o my_o most_o honour_a friend_n dr._n chr._n wren_n now_o worthy_o dignify_v with_o the_o superintendency_n of_o his_o majesty_n building_n 20._o we_o do_v in_o chap._n 21._o mention_v certain_a subterranean_a tree_n which_o mr._n cambden_n suppose_v grow_v altogether_o under_o the_o ground_n and_o true_o it_o do_v appear_v a_o very_a paradox_n to_o i_o till_o i_o both_o see_v and_o diligent_o examine_v that_o piece_n plank_n stone_n or_o both_o shall_v i_o name_v it_o of_o lignum_fw-la fossil_v take_v out_o of_o a_o certain_a quarry_n thereof_o at_o aqua_fw-la sparta_n not_o far_o from_o rome_n and_o send_v to_o the_o most_o incomparable_o learned_a sir_n george_n ent_n by_o that_o oblige_a virtuoso_fw-la cavalier_n dal_n pozzo_n he_o that_o shall_v examine_v the_o hardness_n and_o feel_v the_o ponderousnesse_n of_o it_o sink_v in_o water_n etc._n etc._n will_v easy_o take_v it_o for_o a_o stone_n but_o he_o that_o shall_v behold_v its_o grain_n so_o exquisite_o undulate_v and_o vary_v together_o with_o its_o colour_n manner_n of_o hew_v chip_n and_o other_o most_o perfect_a resemblance_n will_v never_o scruple_n to_o pronounce_v it_o arrant_a wood_n signior_n stelluti_n a_o italian_a have_v publish_v a_o whole_a treatise_n express_o to_o describe_v this_o great_a curiosity_n and_o there_o have_v be_v bring_v to_o our_o notice_n a_o certain_a relation_n of_o a_o elm_n grow_v in_o bark-shire_n near_o farringdon_n which_o be_v cut_v towards_o the_o root_n be_v there_o plain_o petrify_v the_o like_a as_o i_o once_o myself_o remember_v to_o have_v see_v in_o another_o tree_n which_o grow_v quite_o through_o a_o rock_n near_o the_o sepulchre_n of_o agrippina_n the_o mother_n of_o that_o monster_n nero_n at_o the_o baia_n by_o naples_n which_o appear_v to_o be_v all_o stone_n and_o trickle_v down_o in_o drop_n of_o water_n if_o i_o forget_v not_o but_o while_o other_o have_v philosophised_a according_o to_o their_o manner_n upon_o these_o extraordinary_a concretion_n see_v what_o the_o most_o industrious_a and_o know_v mr._n hook_n curator_n of_o this_o royal_a society_n have_v with_o no_o less_o reason_n but_o more_o succinctnesse_n observe_v from_o a_o late_a microscopical_a examen_fw-la of_o another_o piece_n of_o petrifid_v wood_n the_o description_n and_o ingenuity_n whereof_o can_v but_o gratify_v the_o curious_a who_o will_v by_o this_o instance_n not_o only_o be_v instruct_v how_o to_o make_v inquiry_n upon_o the_o like_a occasion_n but_o see_v also_o with_o what_o accurateness_n the_o society_n constant_o proceed_v in_o all_o their_o indagation_n and_o experiment_n and_o with_o what_o candour_n they_o relate_v and_o communicate_v they_o 21._o it_o resemble_v wood_n in_o that_o first_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o petrified_a substance_n seem_v not_o at_o all_o dislocate_v or_o alter_v from_o their_o natural_a position_n while_o they_o be_v wood_n but_o the_o whole_a piece_n retain_v the_o exact_a shape_n of_o wood_n have_v many_o of_o the_o conspicuous_a pore_n of_o wood_n still_o remain_v pore_n and_o show_v a_o manifest_a difference_n visible_a enough_o between_o the_o grain_n of_o the_o wood_n and_o that_o of_o the_o bark_n especial_o when_o any_o side_n of_o it_o be_v cut_v smooth_a and_o polite_a for_o than_o it_o appear_v to_o have_v a_o very_a lovely_a grain_n like_o that_o of_o some_o curious_a close_a wood_n next_o it_o resemble_v wood_n in_o that_o all_o the_o small_a and_o if_o so_o i_o may_v call_v those_o which_o be_v only_o to_o be_v see_v by_o a_o good_a glass_n microscopical_a pore_n of_o it_o appear_v both_o when_o the_o substance_n be_v cut_v and_o polish_a transvers_o and_o parallel_v to_o the_o pore_n perfect_o like_o the_o microscopical_a pore_n of_o several_a kind_n of_o wood_n retain_v both_o the_o shape_n and_o position_n of_o such_o pore_n it_o be_v differ_v from_o wood_n first_o in_o weight_n be_v to_o common_a water_n as_o 3¼_n to_o 1._o whereas_o there_o be_v few_o of_o our_o english_a wood_n that_o when_o dry_a be_v find_v to_o be_v full_a as_o heavy_a as_o water_n second_o in_o hardness_n be_v very_o near_o as_o hard_o as_o a_o flint_n and_o in_o some_o place_n of_o it_o also_o resemble_v the_o grain_n of_o a_o flint_n it_o will_v very_o ready_o cut_v glass_n and_o will_v not_o without_o difficulty_n especial_o in_o some_o part_n of_o it_o be_v scratch_v by_o a_o black_a hard_a flint_n it_o will_v also_o as_o ready_o strike_v fire_n against_o a_o steel_n as_o also_o against_o a_o flint_n three_o in_o the_o closeness_n of_o it_o for_o though_o all_o the_o microscopical_a pore_n of_o the_o wood_n be_v very_o conspicuous_a in_o one_o position_n yet_o by_o alter_v that_o position_n of_o the_o polish_a surface_n to_o the_o light_n it_o also_o be_v manifest_a that_o those_o pore_n appear_v dark_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n only_o because_o they_o be_v fill_v up_o with_o a_o more_o dusky_a substance_n and_o not_o because_o they_o be_v hollow_a four_o in_o that_o it_o will_v not_o burn_v in_o the_o fire_n nay_o though_o i_o keep_v it_o a_o good_a while_n red-hot_a in_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o lamp_n very_o intense_o cast_v on_o it_o by_o a_o blast_n through_o a_o small_a pipe_n yet_o it_o seem_v not_o at_o all_o to_o have_v diminish_v its_o extension_n but_o only_o i_o find_v it_o to_o have_v change_v its_o colour_n and_o to_o have_v put_v on_o a_o more_o dark_a and_o dusky_a brown_a hue_n nor_o can_v i_o perceive_v that_o those_o part_n which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v wood_n at_o first_o be_v any_o thing_n waste_v but_o the_o part_n appear_v as_o solid_a and_o close_o as_o before_o it_o be_v far_o observable_a also_o that_o as_o it_o do_v not_o consume_v like_o wood_n so_o neither_o do_v it_o crack_v and_o fly_v like_o a_o flint_n or_o such_o like_a hard_a stone_n nor_o be_v it_o long_o before_o it_o appear_v red-hot_a five_o in_o its_o dissolublenesse_n for_o put_v some_o drop_n of_o distil_a vinegar_n upon_o the_o stone_n i_o find_v it_o present_o to_o yield_v very_o many_o bubble_n just_a like_o those_o which_o
may_v be_v observe_v in_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n when_o it_o corrode_v coral_n though_o i_o guess_v many_o of_o those_o bubble_n proceed_v from_o the_o small_a parcel_n of_o air_n which_o be_v drive_v out_o of_o the_o pore_n of_o this_o petrified_a substance_n by_o the_o insmuate_a liquid_a menstruum_fw-la six_o in_o its_o rigidness_n and_o friability_n be_v not_o at_o all_o flexible_a but_o brittle_a like_o a_o flint_n insomuch_o that_o with_o one_o knock_n of_o a_o hammer_n i_o break_v off_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o it_o and_o with_o the_o same_o hammer_n quick_o beat_v it_o to_o pretty_a fine_a powder_n upon_o a_o anvil_n seven_o it_o seem_v also_o very_o differ_v from_o wood_n to_o the_o touch_n feel_v more_o cold_a than_o wood_n usual_o do_v and_o much_o like_o other_o close_a stone_n and_o mineral_n the_o reason_n of_o all_o which_o phaenomena_n seem_v to_o be_v that_o this_o petrified_a wood_n have_v lie_v in_o some_o place_n where_o it_o be_v well_o soak_v with_o petrify_a water_n that_o be_v such_o a_o water_n as_o be_v well_o impregnate_v with_o stony_a and_o earthy_a particle_n do_v by_o degree_n separate_v by_o strain_v and_o filtration_n or_o perhaps_o by_o precipitation_n cohaesion_a or_o coagulation_n abundance_n of_o stony_a particle_n from_o that_o permeate_a water_n which_o stony_a particle_n have_v by_o mean_n of_o the_o fluid_a vehicle_n convey_v themselves_o not_o only_o into_o the_o microscopical_a pore_n and_o perfect_o stop_v up_o they_o but_o also_o into_o the_o pore_n which_o may_v perhaps_o be_v even_o in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o wood_n which_o through_o the_o microscope_n appear_v most_o solid_a do_v thereby_o so_o augment_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o wood_n as_o to_o make_v it_o above_o three_o time_n heavy_a than_o water_n and_o perhaps_o six_o time_n as_o heavy_a as_o it_o be_v when_o wood_n next_o they_o hereby_o so_o lock_v up_o and_o fetter_v the_o part_n of_o the_o wood_n that_o the_o fire_n can_v easy_o make_v they_o fly_v away_o but_o the_o action_n of_o the_o fire_n upon_o they_o be_v only_o able_a to_o char_n those_o part_n as_o it_o be_v like_v as_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n if_o it_o be_v close_v very_o fast_o up_o in_o clay_n and_o keep_v a_o good_a while_n red_a hot_a in_o the_o fire_n will_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n be_v charge_v and_o not_o consume_v which_o may_v perhaps_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o petrified_a substance_n appear_v of_o a_o blackish_a brown_a colour_n after_o it_o have_v be_v burn_v by_o this_o intrusion_n of_o the_o petrifiâ—ed_a particle_n it_o also_o become_v hard_a and_o friable_a for_o the_o small_a pore_n of_o the_o wood_n be_v perfect_o stuff_v up_o with_o these_o stony_a particle_n the_o particle_n of_o the_o wood_n have_v few_o or_o no_o pore_n in_o which_o they_o can_v reside_v and_o consequent_o no_o flexion_n or_o yield_n can_v be_v cause_v in_o such_o a_o substance_n the_o remain_a particle_n likewise_o of_o the_o wood_n among_o the_o stony_a particle_n may_v keep_v they_o from_o crack_v and_o fly_v as_o they_o do_v in_o a_o flint_n 22._o the_o casual_a find_n of_o subterraneous-tree_n have_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o this_o curious_a digression_n now_o it_o be_v a_o strange_a paradox_n to_o affirm_v that_o the_o timber_n under_o the_o ground_n shall_v to_o a_o great_a degree_n equal_a the_o value_n of_o that_o which_o grow_v above_o the_o ground_n see_v though_o it_o be_v far_o less_o yet_o it_o be_v far_o rich_a the_o root_n of_o the_o vile_a shrub_n be_v better_a for_o its_o toughness_n and_o for_o ornament_n and_o delicate_a use_n much_o more_o preferable_a than_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o fair_a and_o sound_a tree_n and_o many_o hill_n and_o other_o waste-place_n that_o have_v in_o late_a and_o former_a age_n be_v stately_a grove_n and_o wood_n have_v yet_o this_o treasure_n remain_v and_o perchance_o sound_a and_o unperished_a and_o common_o as_o we_o observe_v a_o hindrance_n to_o other_o plantation_n engine_n therefore_o and_o expedient_n for_o the_o more_o easy_o extract_v these_o cumbrance_n and_o make_v riddance_n upon_o such_o occasion_n beside_o those_o we_o have_v produce_v will_v be_v excogitated_a and_o inquire_v after_o for_o the_o dispatch_n of_o this_o difficult_a work_n fuel_n 23._o final_o for_o the_o use_n of_o our_o chimney_n and_o maintenance_n of_o fire_n the_o plenty_n of_o wood_n for_o fuel_n rather_o than_o the_o quality_n be_v to_o be_v look_v after_o and_o yet_o there_o be_v some_o great_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o other_o as_o hard_a longer-lasting_a better_a heat_n and_o cheerful_o burn_v for_o which_o we_o have_v commend_v the_o ash_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o forego_n paragraph_n and_o to_o which_o i_o pretend_v not_o here_o to_o add_v much_o for_o the_o avoid_v repetition_n though_o even_o a_o history_n of_o the_o best_a way_n of_o charing_n will_v not_o misbecome_v this_o discourse_n but_o something_o more_o be_v to_o be_v say_v sure_a concern_v the_o fell_n of_o fuel-wood_n note_v therefore_o that_o you_o first_o begin_v with_o the_o under-wood_n some_o conceive_v between_o martle-mas_n and_o holy-rood_n but_o general_o with_o oak_n as_o soon_o as_o it_o will_v strip_v but_o not_o after_o may_n and_o for_o ash_n betwixt_o michael-mas_n and_o candle-mas_n and_o so_o fell_v as_o that_o the_o cattle_n may_v have_v the_o browse_n of_o it_o for_o in_o winter_n they_o will_v not_o only_o eat_v the_o tender_a twigg_n but_o even_o the_o very_a moss_n but_o fall_v no_o more_o in_o a_o day_n than_o they_o can_v eat_v for_o this_o purpose_n this_o do_v kid_n or_o bavin_n they_o and_o pitch_v they_o upon_o their_o end_n to_o preserve_v they_o from_o rot_v thus_o the_o underwood_n be_v dispose_v of_o the_o rest_n will_v prosper_v the_o better_a and_o beside_o it_o otherwise_o do_v but_o rot_v upon_o the_o earth_n and_o destroy_v that_o which_o will_v spring_v if_o you_o head_n or_o top_n for_o the_o fire_n it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o begin_v three_o or_o four_o foot_n above_o the_o timber_n if_o it_o be_v considerable_a but_o in_o case_n they_o be_v only_a shaken-tree_n and_o hedgerow_n strip_v they_o even_o to_o thirty_o foot_n high_a because_o they_o be_v usual_o full_a of_o bough_n and_o it_o be_v good_a to_o top_v such_o as_o you_o perceive_v to_o wither_v at_o the_o top_n a_o competent_a way_n beneath_o to_o prevent_v their_o sickness_n downward_o which_o will_v else_o certain_o ensue_v whereas_o by_o this_o mean_n even_o die_v tree_n may_v be_v preserve_v many_o year_n to_o good_a emolument_fw-fr though_o they_o never_o advance_v tall_a and_o be_v thus_o frequent_o shred_v they_o will_v produce_v more_o than_o if_o suffer_v to_o stand_v and_o decay_v this_o be_v a_o profitable_a note_n for_o such_o as_o have_v old_a dote_a or_o any_o way_n infirm_a wood_n in_o other_o felling_n some_o advice_n never_o to_o commence_v the_o disbranch_a from_o the_o top_n for_o though_o the_o incumbency_n of_o the_o very_a bough_n upon_o the_o next_o cause_v they_o to_o fall_v off_o the_o easy_a yet_o it_o endanger_v the_o splice_a of_o the_o next_o which_o be_v very_o prejudicial_a and_o therefore_o advise_v the_o beginng_a at_o the_o near_a and_o in_o cut_v for_o fuel_n you_o may_v as_o at_o the_o top_n so_o at_o the_o side_n cut_v a_o foot_n or_o more_o from_o the_o body_n but_o never_o when_o you_o shred_v timber-tree_n we_o have_v say_v how_o dangerous_a it_o be_v to_o cut_v for_o wood_n when_o the_o sap_n be_v up_o it_o be_v a_o mark_n of_o improvident_a husband_n beside_o it_o will_v never_o burn_v well_o though_o abundance_n be_v congest_v last_o remember_v that_o east_n and_o north-wind_n be_v unkind_a to_o the_o succeed_a shoot_v now_o for_o direction_n in_o stack_v of_o which_o we_o have_v say_v something_o in_o chap._n of_o copse_n ever_o set_v the_o low_a course_n a_o end_n the_o second_o that_o on_o the_o side_n and_o end_n viz._n side_n and_o end_n outward_a the_o three_o thwart_v the_o other_o on_o the_o side_n and_o so_o the_o rest_n till_o all_o be_v place_v spend_v the_o up-most_a first_o thus_o we_o have_v endeavour_v to_o prescribe_v the_o best_a direction_n we_o can_v learn_v concern_v this_o necessary_a subject_n and_o in_o this_o penury_n of_o that_o dear_a commodity_n and_o to_o incite_v all_o ingenious_a person_n studious_a of_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o country_n to_o think_v of_o way_n how_o our_o wood_n may_v be_v preserve_v by_o all_o manner_n of_o art_n which_o may_v prolong_v the_o last_a of_o our_o fuel_n i_o will_v give_v the_o best_a encouragement_n those_o that_o shall_v serious_o consider_v the_o intolerable_a misery_n of_o the_o poor_a cauchi_n the_o then_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o low_a country_n describe_v by_o pliny_n lib_n 16._o cap._n 1._o how_o opulent_a soever_o their_o late_a industry_n have_v
member_n of_o this_o society_n for_o which_o the_o woodmonger_n have_v little_a cause_n to_o brag_v since_o he_o never_o dare_v come_v at_o he_o or_o challenge_v his_o money_n for_o the_o commodity_n he_o buy_v because_o he_o dare_v not_o stand_v to_o the_o measure_n at_o hall_n near_o foy_n there_o be_v a_o faggot_n which_o consist_v but_o of_o one_o piece_n of_o wood_n natural_o grow_v in_o that_o form_n with_o a_o band_n wrap_v about_o it_o and_o part_v at_o the_o end_n into_o four_o stick_n one_o of_o which_o be_v subdivide_v into_o two_o other_o it_o be_v careful_o preserve_v many_o year_n by_o a_o earl_n of_o devonshire_n and_o look_v on_o as_o portend_v the_o fate_n of_o his_o posterity_n which_o be_v since_o indeed_o come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o four_o cornish_a gentleman_n one_o of_o who_o estate_n be_v likewise_o divide_v betwixt_o two_o heir_n this_o we_o have_v out_o of_o cambden_n and_o i_o here_o note_v for_o the_o extravagancy_n of_o the_o thing_n though_o as_o to_o the_o verity_n of_o such_o portent_n from_o tree_n etc._n etc._n i_o do_v not_o find_v upon_o enquiry_n which_o i_o have_v diligent_o make_v of_o my_o lord_n brereton_n that_o there_o be_v any_o certainty_n of_o the_o rise_n of_o those_o log_n in_o the_o lake_n belong_v to_o that_o noble_a person_n so_o as_o still_o to_o premonish_v the_o death_n of_o the_o heir_n of_o that_o family_n how_o confident_o soever_o report_v sometime_o it_o have_v happen_v but_o the_o tradition_n be_v not_o constant_a to_o this_o class_n may_v be_v refer_v what_o be_v affirm_v concern_v the_o fatal_a prediction_n of_o oakes_n bear_v strange_a leaf_n which_o may_v be_v inquire_v of_o 29._o but_o i_o will_v now_o describe_v to_o you_o the_o mystery_n of_o charing_n whereof_o something_o be_v but_o touch_v in_o the_o process_n of_o extract_a tar_n out_o of_o the_o pine_n as_o i_o receive_v it_o from_o a_o most_o industrious_a person_n and_o so_o conclude_v the_o chapter_n there_o be_v make_v of_o char_n coal_n usual_o three_o sort_n viz._n one_o for_o the_o iron-work_n a_o second_o for_o gunpowder_n and_o a_o three_o for_o london_n and_o the_o court_n beside_o small-coal_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v also_o speak_v in_o its_o due_a place_n we_o will_v begin_v with_o that_o sort_n which_o be_v use_v for_o the_o iron-work_n because_o the_o rest_n be_v make_v much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o with_o very_o little_a difference_n the_o best_a wood_n for_o this_o be_v good_a oak_n cut_v into_o length_n of_o three_o foot_n as_o they_o size_n it_o for_o the_o stack_n this_o be_v better_a than_o the_o cord-wood_n though_o of_o a_o large_a measure_n and_o much_o use_v in_o essex_n the_o wood_n cut_v and_o set_v in_o stack_n ready_a for_o the_o coal_v choose_v out_o some_o level_a place_n in_o the_o copse_n the_o most_o free_a from_o stub_n etc._n etc._n to_o make_v the_o hearth_n on_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o this_o area_n drive_v down_o a_o stake_n for_o your_o centre_n and_o with_o a_o pole_n have_v a_o ring_n fasten_v to_o one_o of_o the_o extreme_n or_o else_o with_o a_o cord_n put_v over_o the_o centre_n describe_v a_o circumference_n from_o twenty_o or_o more_o foot_n semidiameter_n according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o your_o wood_n design_v for_o coal_v which_o be_v near_o may_v convenient_o be_v char_z in_o that_o hearth_n and_o which_o at_o one_o time_n may_v be_v 12_o 16_o 20_o 24_o even_o to_o 30_o stack_n if_o 12_o therefore_o be_v the_o quantity_n you_o will_v coal_n a_o circle_n who_o diameter_n be_v 24_o foot_n will_v suffice_v for_o the_o hearth_n if_o 20_o stack_n a_o diameter_n of_o 32_o foot_n if_o 30_o 40_o foot_n and_o so_o proportionable_o have_v thus_o mark_v out_o the_o ground_n with_o mattock_n haws_n and_o fit_a instrument_n bear_v it_o of_o the_o turf_n and_o of_o all_o other_o combustible_a stuff_n whatsoever_o which_o you_o be_v to_o rake_v up_o towards_o the_o peripherie_n or_o outside_n of_o the_o circumference_n for_o a_o use_n to_o be_v afterward_o make_v of_o it_o plain_v and_o level_v the_o ground_n within_o the_o circle_n this_o do_v the_o wood_n be_v to_o be_v bring_v from_o the_o near_a part_n where_o it_o be_v stack_v in_o wheel-barrow_n and_o first_o the_o small_a of_o it_o place_v at_o the_o utmost_a limit_n or_o very_a margin_n of_o the_o hearth_n where_o it_o be_v to_o be_v set_v long-waye_n as_o it_o lay_v in_o the_o stack_n the_o big_a of_o the_o wood_n pitch_n or_o set_v up_o on_o end_n round_o about_o against_o the_o small-wood_n and_o all_o this_o within_o the_o circle_n till_o you_o come_v within_o five_o or_o six_o foot_n of_o the_o centre_n at_o which_o distance_n you_o shall_v begin_v to_o set_v the_o wood_n in_o a_o triangular_a form_n as_o in_o the_o follow_a print_n ah_o till_o it_o come_v to_o be_v three_o foot_n high_a against_o this_o again_o place_v your_o great_a wood_n almost_o perpendicular_a reduce_v it_o from_o the_o triangular_a to_o a_o circular_a form_n till_o be_v come_v within_o a_o yard_n of_o the_o centre_n you_o may_v pile_n the_o wood_n long-waye_n as_o it_o lay_v in_o the_o stack_n be_v careful_a that_o the_o end_n of_o the_o wood_n do_v not_o touch_v the_o pole_n which_o must_v now_o be_v erect_v in_o the_o centre_n nine_o foot_n in_o height_n that_o so_o there_o may_v remain_v a_o round_a hole_n which_o be_v to_o be_v form_v in_o work_v up_o the_o stack_z wood_n for_o a_o tunnel_n and_o the_o more_o commodious_a fire_n of_o the_o pit_n as_o they_o call_v it_o though_o not_o very_o proper_o this_o provide_v for_o go_v on_o to_o pile_n and_o set_v your_o wood_n upright_o to_o the_o other_o as_o before_o till_o have_v gain_v a_o yard_n more_o you_o lay_v it_o long-waye_n again_o as_o be_v show_v and_o thus_o continue_v the_o work_n still_o interchange_n the_o position_n of_o the_o wood_n till_o the_o whole_a area_n of_o the_o hearth_n and_o circle_n be_v fill_v and_o pile_v up_o at_o the_o least_o eight_o foot_n high_a and_o so_o draw_v in_o by_o degree_n in_o pile_v that_o it_o resemble_v the_o form_n of_o a_o cop_v brown_a houshold-loaf_n fill_v all_o inequality_n with_o the_o small_a truncheon_n till_o it_o lie_v very_o close_o and_o be_v perfect_o and_o even_o shape_v this_o do_v take_v straw_n haume_v or_o fern_n and_o lay_v it_o on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o heap_n or_o wood_n to_o keep_v the_o next_o cover_n from_o fall_v among_o the_o stick_n upon_o this_o put_v on_o the_o turf_n and_o cast_v on_o the_o dust_n and_o rubbish_n which_o be_v grub_v and_o rake_v up_o at_o the_o make_n of_o the_o hearth_n and_o reserve_v near_o the_o circle_n of_o it_o with_o this_o cover_n the_o whole_a heap_n of_o wood_n to_o the_o very_a top_n of_o the_o pit_n or_o tunnel_n to_o a_o reasonable_a and_o competent_a thickness_n beat_v close_o and_o even_o that_o so_o the_o fire_n may_v not_o vent_v but_o in_o the_o place_n where_o you_o intend_v it_o and_o if_o in_o prepare_v the_o hearth_n at_o first_o there_o do_v not_o rise_v sufficient_a turf_n and_o rubbish_n for_o this_o work_n supply_v it_o from_o some_o convenient_a place_n near_o to_o your_o heap_n there_o be_v who_o cover_n this_o again_o with_o a_o sandy_a or_o fine_a mould_n which_o if_o it_o close_v well_o need_v not_o be_v above_o a_o inch_n or_o two_o thick_a this_o do_v provide_v a_o screen_v by_o make_v light_a hurdle_n with_o slit_a rod_n and_o straw_n of_o a_o compent_a thickness_n to_o keep_v off_o the_o wind_n and_o broad_a and_o high_a enough_o to_o defend_v a_o opposite_a side_n to_o the_o very_a top_n of_o your_o pit_n be_v eight_o or_o nine_o foot_n and_o so_o as_o to_o be_v easy_o remove_v as_o need_n shall_v require_v for_o the_o lue_v of_o your_o pit_n when_o now_o all_o be_v in_o this_o posture_n and_o the_o wood_n well_o range_v and_o close_v as_o have_v be_v direct_v set_v fire_n to_o your_o heap_n but_o first_o you_o must_v provide_v you_o of_o a_o ladder_n to_o ascend_v the_o top_n of_o your_o pit_n this_o they_o usual_o make_v of_o a_o curve_v tiller_n fit_a to_o apply_v to_o the_o convex_a shape_n of_o the_o heap_n and_o cut_v it_o full_a of_o notch_n for_o the_o more_o commodious_a set_v their_o foot_n while_o they_o govern_v the_o fire_n above_o therefore_o now_o they_o pull_v up_o and_o take_v away_o the_o stake_n which_o be_v erect_v at_o the_o centre_n to_o guide_v the_o build_n of_o the_o pile_n and_o cavity_n of_o the_o tunnel_n this_o do_v put_v in_o a_o quantity_n of_o char-coal_n about_o a_o peck_n and_o let_v they_o fall_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o hearth_n upon_o they_o cast_v in_o coal_n that_o be_v full_o kindle_v and_o when_o those_o which_o be_v first_o
that_o pierce_v the_o sky_n soft_a linden_n smooth-rind_n beech_n unmarried_a bay_n the_o brittle_a hazel_n ash_n who_o spear_n we_o praise_v unknotty_a fir_n the_o solace_n shade_v planes_n rough_a chessnut_n maple_n fleet_n with_o different_a grain_n stream-bordering_a willow_n lotus_fw-la love_fw-mi take_v tough_a box_n who_o never_o sappy_a spring_n forsake_v the_o slender_a tamarisk_n with_o tree_n that_o bear_v a_o purple_a fig_n nor_o myrtle_n absent_a be_v the_o wanton_a ivy_n wreathe_v in_o amorous_a twine_n vine_n bear_v grape_n and_o elm_n support_v vine_n straight_a service-tree_n tree_n drop_v pitch_n fruit-red_n arbutus_n these_o the_o rest_n accompany_v with_o limber_a palm_n of_o victory_n the_o prize_n and_o upright_a pine_n who_o leaf_n like_o bristle_n rise_v prize_v by_o the_o mother_n of_o the_o go_n sandys_n non_fw-la chaonis_fw-la abfuit_fw-la arbour_n non_fw-la nemus_fw-la heliadum_fw-la non_fw-la frondibus_fw-la aesculus_fw-la altis_fw-la nec_fw-la tilâ—ae_fw-la molles_fw-la nec_fw-la fagus_n &_o innuba_fw-la laurus_fw-la et_fw-la coryli_fw-la fragiles_fw-la &_o fraxinus_n utilis_fw-la hastis_fw-la enodisque_a aby_n curvataque_fw-la glandibus_fw-la ilex_fw-la et_fw-la platanus_n genialis_fw-la acerque_fw-la coloribus_fw-la impar_fw-la amnicolaeque_fw-la simul_fw-la salices_n &_o aquatica_fw-la lotos_fw-la perpetuóque_fw-la virens_fw-la buxus_fw-la tenuesque_fw-la myricae_fw-la et_fw-la bicolor_a myrtus_fw-la &_o baccis_fw-la caerula_fw-la ficus_fw-la vos_fw-fr quoque_fw-la flexi-pedes_a hederae_fw-la venistis_fw-la &_o unâ—_n pampineae_fw-la vite_n &_o amictae_fw-la vitibus_fw-la vlmi_fw-la ornÃque_fw-la &_o piceae_fw-la pomoque_fw-la onerata_fw-la rubeuti_fw-la arbutus_fw-la &_o lentae_fw-la victoris_fw-la praemia_fw-la palmae_fw-la et_fw-la succincta_fw-la comas_fw-la hâ—rsutaqae_fw-la vertice_fw-la pinus_n grata_n deum_fw-la matri_fw-la etc._n etc._n met._n 10._o as_o the_o incomparable_a poet_n go_v on_o and_o be_v imitate_v by_o our_o divine_a spencer_n where_o he_o bring_v his_o gentle_a knight_n into_o a_o shady_a grove_n praise_v the_o tree_n so_o straight_o and_o high_a the_o sail_a pine_n the_o cedar_n proud_a and_o tall_a the_o vine-prop_n elm_n the_o poplar_n never_o dry_a the_o builder_n oak_n sole_a king_n of_o forest_n all_o the_o aspen_n good_a for_o staff_n the_o cypress_n funeral_n the_o laurel_n meed_n of_o mighty_a conqueror_n and_o poet_n sage_a the_o fir_n that_o weep_v still_o the_o willow_n wear_v of_o forlorn_a paramour_n the_o yew_n obedient_a to_o the_o bender_n will_v the_o birch_n for_o shaft_n the_o sallow_a for_o the_o mill_n the_o myrrh_n sweet_a bleed_v in_o the_o bitter_a wound_n the_o warlike_a beech_n the_o ash_n for_o nothing_o ill_a the_o fruitful_a olive_n and_o the_o platane_n round_o the_o carver_n holm_n the_o maple_n seldom_o inward_a sound_n canto_n 1â—_n and_o in_o this_o symphony_n may_v the_o noble_a tasso_n bear_v likewise_o his_o part_n but_o that_o these_o be_v sufficient_a &_o tria_fw-la sunt_fw-la omne_fw-la 37._o for_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v of_o that_o modern_a art_n of_o tapping_n tree_n in_o the_o spring_n by_o which_o doubtless_o some_o excellent_a and_o specific_a medicine_n may_v be_v attain_v as_o from_o the_o birch_n for_o the_o stone_n from_o elm_n and_o elder_a against_o fever_n so_o from_o the_o vine_n the_o oak_n and_o even_o the_o very_a bramble_n etc._n etc._n beside_o the_o wholesome_a and_o pleasant_a drink_n spirit_n etc._n etc._n that_o may_v possible_o be_v educe_v out_o of_o they_o all_o which_o we_o leave_v to_o the_o industrious_a satisfy_v ourselves_o that_o we_o have_v be_v among_o the_o first_o who_o have_v hint_v and_o publish_a the_o way_n of_o perform_v it_o what_o now_o remain_v concern_v only_a some_o general_a precept_n and_o direction_n applicable_a to_o most_o of_o that_o we_o have_v former_o touch_v together_o with_o a_o brief_a of_o what_o far_a law_n have_v be_v enact_v for_o the_o improvement_n and_o preservation_n of_o wood_n and_o which_o have_v dispatch_v shall_v with_o a_o short_a paraenesis_n touch_v the_o present_a order_n and_o dispose_v of_o his_o majesty_n plantation_n for_o the_o future_a benefit_n of_o the_o nation_n put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o rustic_a discourse_n chap._n xxxii_o aphorism_n or_o certain_a general_a precept_n of_o use_n to_o the_o forego_n chapter_n 1._o try_v all_o sort_n of_o seed_n and_o by_o their_o thrive_a you_o shall_v best_o discern_v what_o be_v the_o most_o proper_a kind_n for_o ground_n quip_n solo_fw-la natura_fw-la subest_fw-la and_o of_o these_o design_n the_o main_a of_o your_o plantation_n 2._o keep_v your_o new_o sow_v seed_n continual_o fresh_a and_o in_o the_o shade_n as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v till_o they_o peep_v 3._o all_o curious_a seed_n and_o plant_n be_v diligent_o to_o be_v weed_v till_o they_o be_v strong_a enough_o to_o over-drop_n or_o suppress_v they_o and_o you_o shall_v careful_o haw_o half-dig_a and_o stir_v up_o the_o earth_n about_o their_o root_n during_o the_o first_o three_o year_n especial_o in_o the_o vernal_a and_o autumnal_a aequinox_n this_o work_n to_o be_v do_v in_o a_o moist_a season_n for_o the_o first_o year_n to_o prevent_v the_o dust_n and_o the_o suffocate_a of_o the_o tender_a bud_n but_o afterward_o in_o the_o more_o dry_a weather_n 4._o plant_n raise_v from_o seed_n shall_v be_v thinned_a where_o they_o come_v up_o too_o thick_a and_o none_o so_o fit_a as_o you_o thus_o draw_v to_o be_v transplant_v into_o hedge-rowe_n especial_o where_o ground_n be_v precious_a 5._o in_o transplant_n omit_v not_o the_o place_n of_o your_o tree_n towards_o their_o accustom_a aspect_n 6._o remove_v the_o soft_a wood_n to_o the_o moiste_v ground_n divisae_fw-la arboribus_fw-la partiae_fw-la 7._o begin_v to_o transplant_v forest-tree_n when_o the_o leave_v fall_v after_o michaelmas_n you_o may_v adventure_v when_o they_o be_v tarnish_v and_o grow_v yellow_a it_o be_v lose_v time_n to_o commence_v late_a and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o your_o tree_n early_a transplanters_n seldom_o repent_v for_o sometime_o a_o tedious_a band_n of_o frost_n prevent_v the_o whole_a season_n and_o the_o baldness_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v a_o note_n of_o deceit_n for_o some_o oak_n and_o most_o beech_n preserve_v their_o dead_a leaf_n till_o new_a one_o push_v they_o off_o 8._o set_v deep_o in_o the_o light_a ground_n than_o in_o the_o strong_a but_o shallow_a in_o clay_n five_o inch_n be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o dry_v and_o one_o or_o two_o for_o the_o moist_a provide_v you_o establish_v they_o against_o wind_n 9_o plant_v forth_o in_o warm_a and_o moist_a season_n the_o air_n tranquil_a and_o serene_a the_o wind_n westerly_a but_o never_o while_o it_o actual_o freeze_v rain_n or_o in_o misty_a wether_n for_o it_o mould_v and_o infect_v the_o root_n 10._o what_o you_o gather_v and_o draw_v out_o of_o wood_n plant_v immediate_o for_o their_o root_n be_v very_o apt_a to_o be_v mortify_v by_o the_o wind_n and_o cold_a air_n 11._o tree_n produce_v from_o seed_n must_v have_v the_o tap-root_n abate_v the_o wallnut-tree_n and_o some_o other_o except_v and_o yet_o if_o plant_v mere_o for_o the_o fruit_n some_o affirm_v it_o may_v be_v adventure_v on_o with_o success_n and_o the_o bruise_a part_n cut_v away_o but_o spare_v the_o fibrous_a for_o they_o be_v the_o principal_a feeder_n and_o those_o who_o cleanse_v they_o too_o much_o be_v punish_v for_o the_o mistake_n 12._o in_o spring_n rub_v off_o some_o of_o the_o collateral_a bud_n to_o check_v the_o exuberancy_n of_o sap_n in_o the_o branch_n till_o the_o root_n be_v well_o establish_v 13._o transplant_v no_o more_o than_o you_o well_o fence_v for_o that_o neglect_a tree-culture_a come_v to_o nothing_o therefore_o all_o young_a set_a tree_n shall_v be_v defend_v from_o the_o wind_n and_o sun_n especial_o the_o east_n and_o north_n till_o their_o root_n be_v fix_v that_o be_v till_o you_o perceive_v they_o shoot_v and_o the_o not_o exact_o observe_v of_o this_o article_n be_v cause_n of_o the_o perish_v of_o the_o most_o tender_a plantation_n for_o it_o be_v the_o invasion_n of_o these_o two_o assailant_n which_o do_v more_o mischief_n to_o our_o new_a set_n and_o less_o hardy_a tree_n than_o the_o most_o severe_a and_o durable_a frost_n of_o a_o whole_a winter_n 14._o the_o proper_a soil_n and_o most_o natural_a apply_v to_o distinct_a species_n nec_fw-la verò_fw-la terrae_fw-la far_o omnes_fw-la omne_fw-la possunt_fw-la yet_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o most_o of_o our_o forest-tree_n grow_v well_o enough_o in_o the_o course_v land_n provide_v there_o be_v a_o competent_a depth_n of_o mould_n for_o albeit_o most_o of_o our_o wild_a plant_n covet_v to_o run_v just_a under_o the_o surface_n yet_o where_o there_o be_v not_o sufficient_a depth_n to_o cool_v they_o and_o entertain_v the_o moisture_n and_o influence_n they_o be_v neither_o last_a nor_o prosperous_a 15._o wood_n well_o plant_v will_v grow_v in_o moorish_a boggy_a heathy_a and_o the_o stony_a ground_n only_o the_o white_a and_o blue_a clay_n which_o be_v common_o
the_o best_a pasture_n be_v the_o worst_a for_o wood_n and_o such_o good_a timber_n as_o we_o find_v in_o any_o of_o these_o oakâ—_n except_v be_v of_o a_o excessive_a age_n require_v thrice_o the_o time_n to_o arrive_v at_o their_o stature_n 16._o if_o the_o season_n require_v it_o all_o new_a plantation_n be_v to_o be_v ply_v with_o watering_n which_o be_v better_o pour_v into_o a_o circle_n at_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o root_n which_o shall_v continual_o be_v bare_v of_o grass_n and_o if_o the_o water_n be_v rich_a or_o impregnate_v the_o shoot_n will_v soon_o discover_v it_o for_o the_o liquor_n be_v percolate_v through_o a_o quantity_n of_o earth_n will_v carry_v the_o nitrous_a virtue_n of_o the_o soil_n with_o it_o by_o no_o mean_n therefore_o water_n at_o the_o stem_n because_o it_o wash_v the_o mould_n from_o the_o root_n come_v too_o crude_a and_o endanger_v their_o rot_v but_o 17._o for_o the_o cool_n and_o refresh_v treeroot_n the_o conge_v of_o potsherd_n flint_n or_o pebble_n near_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v preferable_a to_o all_o other_o and_o so_o the_o poet_n lime-stone_n or_o squalid_a shell_n that_o may_v the_o rain_n vapour_n and_o glide_a moisture_n entertain_v aut_fw-la lapidem_fw-la bibulum_fw-la aut_fw-la squallenteis_fw-la infode_fw-la conchas_fw-la inter_fw-la enim_fw-la labentur_fw-la aquae_fw-la tenuÃsque_fw-la subibit_fw-la halitus_fw-la georg._n 2._o but_o remember_v you_o remove_v they_o after_o a_o competent_a time_n else_o the_o vermin_n snail_n and_o infect_v which_o they_o produce_v and_o shelter_v will_v gnaw_v and_o great_o injure_v their_o bark_n 18._o young_a plant_n will_v be_v strangle_v with_o corn_n oates_n pease_n or_o hemp_n or_o any_o rank_o grow_a grain_n if_o a_o competent_a circle_n and_o distance_n be_v not_o leave_v as_o of_o near_a a_o yard_n or_o so_o of_o the_o stem_n this_o be_v a_o useful_a remark_n 19_o cut_a no_o tree_n especial_o have_v a_o eminent_a pith_n in_o they_o be_v young_a and_o tender_a too_o when_o either_o heat_n or_o cold_a be_v in_o extreme_n nor_o in_o very_o wet_a or_o snowy_a weather_n and_o in_o this_o work_n it_o be_v profitable_a to_o discharge_v all_o tree_n of_o unthrive_a break_a wind-shaken_a browse_n and_o such_o as_o our_o law_n term_v cablicia_n and_o to_o take_v they_o off_o to_o the_o quick_a ne_fw-la pars_fw-la sincera_fw-la trahatur_fw-la and_o for_o ever-greens_a especial_o such_o as_o be_v tender_a prune_v they_o not_o after_o plant_v till_o they_o do_v radicare_fw-la that_o be_v by_o some_o little_a fresh_a shoot_n discover_v that_o they_o have_v take_v i_o will_v conclude_v with_o the_o tecnical_a name_n or_o dissimile_a part_n of_o tree_n as_o i_o find_v they_o enumerate_v by_o the_o industrious_a and_o learned_a dr._n merett_n scapus_fw-la truncus_fw-la cortex_fw-la libre_fw-la malicorium_fw-la matrix_fw-la medulla_n &_o cor_n pecten_n circuli_fw-la surculi_fw-la rami_n sarmenta_fw-la ramusculi_fw-la spadix_fw-la vimen_fw-la virgultum_fw-la &_o cremium_fw-la vitilia_n talea_n scobs_n term_n turiones_n frondes_fw-la cachryas_n &_o nucamentum_fw-la julus_n &_o catulus_n comae_fw-la the_o species_n frutex_fw-la suffrutex_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o i_o leave_v to_o be_v put_v into_o good_a and_o proper_a english_a by_o those_o who_o shall_v once_o oblige_v our_o nation_n with_o a_o full_a and_o absolute_o complete_a dictionary_n as_o yet_o a_o great_a desiderate_a among_o we_o to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v the_o time_n and_o season_n of_o the_o flourish_a of_o tree_n compute_v from_o the_o entry_n of_o each_o month_n as_o the_o figure_n denote_v that_o be_v from_o march_z where_o the_o doctor_n beging_n inclusive_o march_v acer_fw-la 3_o i_o from_o march_n to_o may_n viz._n one_o month_n &_o sic_fw-la de_fw-la coeteris_fw-la populus_fw-la 2._o quercus_fw-la 5._o sorbus_fw-la 2._o vlmus_fw-la 2._o april_n alnus_fw-la 2._o betula_n 2._o castanea_n 4._o euonymus_fw-la 2._o fagus_n 2._o fraxinus_n 2._o nux-juglans_a 3._o salix_fw-la 2._o sambucus_fw-la 2._o may_v cornus_n 2._o genista_fw-la 4._o juniperus_n morus_n 2._o tilia_fw-la 4._o june_n aquifolium_fw-la 2._o july_n arbutus_n 2._o feb._n buxus_n 2._o many_o more_o useful_a observation_n be_v to_o be_v collect_v and_o add_v to_o these_o from_o the_o diligent_a experience_n of_o planter_n chap._n xxxiii_o of_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n for_o the_o preservation_n and_o improvement_n of_o wood_n etc._n etc._n 1._o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v pass_v by_o that_o the_o very_o first_o law_n we_o find_v which_o be_v ever_o promulge_v be_v concern_v tree_n and_o that_o law_n themselves_o be_v first_o write_v upon_o they_o or_o table_n compose_v of_o they_o and_o after_o that_o establishment_n in_o paradise_n the_o next_o we_o meet_v withal_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o moses_n you_o may_v find_v the_o statute_n at_o large_a in_o deut._n c._n 20._o v._n 19_o 20._o which_o though_o they_o chief_o tend_v to_o fruit-tree_n even_o in_o a_o enemy_n country_n yet_o you_o will_v find_v a_o case_n of_o necessity_n only_o allege_v for_o the_o permission_n to_o destroy_v any_o other_o 2._o to_z sum_z up_o brief_o the_o law_n and_o civil_a constitution_n of_o great_a antiquity_n by_o which_o servius_n inform_v we_o it_o be_v no_o less_o than_o capital_a alienas_fw-la arbores_fw-la incidere_fw-la the_o lex_fw-la aquilia_n and_o those_o of_o the_o twelve_o tabb_n mention_v by_o paulus_n cajus_n julianus_n and_o other_o of_o that_o robe_n repeat_v divers_a more_o it_o be_v by_o those_o sacred_a constitution_n provide_v that_o none_o may_v so_o much_o as_o plant_v tree_n on_o the_o confine_n of_o his_o neighbour_n ground_n but_o he_o be_v to_o leave_v a_o space_n of_o at_o the_o least_o five_o foot_n for_o the_o small_a tree_n that_o they_o may_v not_o injure_v he_o with_o their_o shadow_n si_fw-mi arbour_n in_o vicini_n agrum_fw-la impenderit_fw-la eam_fw-la sublucato_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o if_o for_o all_o this_o any_o hang_v over_o far_o it_o be_v to_o be_v stripe_v up_o fifteen_o foot_n and_o this_o law_n baldwinus_n olderdorpius_n and_o hotoman_a recite_v out_o of_o ulpian_n l._n 1._o f._n de_fw-fr arb._n caedend_n where_o we_o have_v the_o praetor_n interdict_v express_v and_o the_o impendent_a wood_n adjudge_v to_o appertain_v to_o he_o who_o field_n or_o fence_n be_v thereby_o damnify_v nay_o the_o wise_a solon_n prescribe_v ordinance_n for_o the_o very_a distance_n of_o tree_n as_o the_o divine_a plato_n do_v against_o steal_v of_o fruit_n and_o violate_v of_o plantation_n and_o the_o interdiction_n de_fw-fr glande_n legenda_fw-la run_v thus_o in_o ulpian_n ait_fw-fr praetor_n glandem_fw-la qvae_fw-la exit_fw-la illius_n agro_n in_o twm_fw-la cadit_fw-la qvo_fw-la minus_n illi_fw-la tertio_fw-la qvoqve_fw-la die_fw-la legere_fw-la auferre_fw-la liceat_fw-la vim_fw-la fieri_fw-la veto_n and_o yet_o though_o by_o the_o praetor_n permission_n he_o may_v come_v every_o three_o day_n to_o gather_v it_o up_o without_o trespass_n his_o neighbour_n be_v to_o share_v of_o the_o mast_n which_o so_o fall_v into_o his_o ground_n and_o this_o chapter_n be_v well_o supply_v by_o pliny_n l._n 16._o c._n 5._o and_o cajus_n upon_o the_o place_n interpret_v glandem_fw-la to_o signify_v not_o the_o acorn_n of_o the_o oak_n alone_o but_o all_o sort_n of_o fruit_n whatsoever_o l._n 136._o f._n de_fw-fr verb._n signif_n l._n vnis_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr glande_n leg_n as_o by_o usage_n of_o the_o greek_n among_o who_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d import_v all_o kind_n of_o tree_n moreover_o no_o tree_n may_v be_v plant_v near_o public_a aqueducts_a lest_o the_o root_n shall_v insinuate_v into_o and_o displace_v the_o stone_n nor_o on_o the_o very_a margin_n of_o navigable_a river_n lest_o the_o boat_n and_o other_o vessel_n pass_v to_o and_o fro_o shall_v be_v hinder_v and_o therefore_o such_o impediment_n be_v call_v retae_fw-la quia_fw-la nave_n retinent_fw-la say_v the_o gloss_n and_o because_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o leave_v corrupt_v the_o water_n so_o nor_o within_o such_o a_o distance_n of_o high_a way_n which_o also_o our_o own_o law_n prohibit_v that_o they_o may_v dry_v the_o better_a and_o less_o cumber_v the_o traveller_n tree_n that_o obstruct_v the_o foundation_n of_o house_n be_v to_o be_v fell_v bartol_n l._n 1._o doct_n c._n de_fw-fr interdict_v vlp._n in_o l._n priore_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr arborum_fw-la caedend_n tree_n spread_v their_o root_n in_o neighbour-ground_n to_o be_v in_o common_a see_v cujas_n and_o paulus_n in_o l._n arb._n ff_o de_fw-fr communi_fw-la dividend_n where_o more_o of_o the_o alienation_n of_o tree_n fell_v and_o not_o stand_v but_o with_o the_o fund_n as_o also_o of_o the_o vse-fruit_n of_o tree_n and_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o arbores_n grandes_fw-fr and_o cremiale_n or_o ceduae_fw-la of_o all_o which_o ulpian_n baâ—dus_n alciat_fw-la with_o the_o law_n to_o govern_v the_o conlucatores_fw-la and_o sublucatores_fw-la and_o pruner_n vide_fw-la pan._n s_o c._n sent._n l._n 5._o festus_n etc._n etc._n for_o we_o pass_v over_o
devenere_fw-la locos_fw-la latos_fw-la &_o amoena_fw-la vireta_fw-la fortunatorum_fw-la nemorum_fw-la sedesque_fw-la beatas_fw-la such_o a_o prospect_n he_o give_v we_o of_o his_o elysium_n and_o therefore_o wise_a and_o great_a person_n have_v always_o these_o sweet_a opportunity_n of_o recess_n their_o domos_fw-la sylvae_fw-la as_o we_o read_v 2_o reg._n 7.2_o which_o be_v thence_o call_v house_n of_o royal_a refreshment_n or_o as_o the_o septuagint_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d not_o much_o unlike_o the_o lodge_n in_o divers_a of_o our_o nobleman_n park_n and_o forest-walk_n which_o mind_v i_o of_o his_o choice_n in_o another_o poem_n in_o lofty_a tower_n let_v pallas_n take_v her_o rest_n whilst_o shady_a grove_n '_o above_o all_o thing_n please_v we_o best_o pallas_fw-la quas_fw-la condidit_fw-la arces_fw-la ipsa_fw-la colat_fw-la nobis_fw-la placeant_fw-la ante_fw-la omne_fw-la sylvae_fw-la eclog._n 2._o and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n maecenas_n choose_v the_o broad_a oak_n maluit_fw-la umbrosam_fw-la quercum_fw-la and_o as_o horace_n bespeak_v they_o i_o the_o cool_a wood_n above_o the_o rest_n advance_v where_o the_o rough_a satyr_n with_o the_o light_a nymph_n dance_v i_o gelidum_fw-la nemus_fw-la nympharumque_fw-la leves_fw-la cum_fw-la satyris_fw-la chori_fw-la secernunt_fw-la populo_fw-la and_o virgil_n again_o our_o sweet_a thalia_n love_v nor_o do_v she_o scorn_v to_o haunt_v umbragious_a grove_n nostra_fw-la nec_fw-la â—rubuit_fw-la sylvas_fw-la habitare_fw-la thalia_n or_o as_o thus_o express_v by_o petrarch_n the_o muse_n herself_o enjoy_v best_a in_o the_o wood_n verse_n fly_v the_o city_n noise_n sylva_n placet_fw-la musis_fw-la vrbs_fw-la est_fw-la inimica_fw-la poetis_fw-la so_o true_a be_v that_o of_o yet_o a_o better_a poet_n of_o our_o own_o as_o well_o may_v corn_n as_o verse_n in_o city_n grow_v in_o vain_a the_o thankless_a glebe_n we_o plough_v and_o sow_n against_o the_o unnatural_a soil_n in_o vain_a we_o strive_v it_o be_v not_o a_o ground_n in_o which_o these_o plant_n will_v thrive_v conley_n when_o it_o seem_v they_o will_v bear_v nothing_o but_o nettle_n and_o thorn_n of_o satyr_n and_o as_o juvenal_n say_v by_o indignation_n too_o and_o therefore_o almost_o all_o the_o poet_n except_o those_o who_o be_v not_o able_a to_o eat_v bread_n without_o the_o bounty_n of_o great_a man_n that_o be_v without_o what_o they_o can_v get_v by_o flatter_v they_o which_o be_v homer_n and_o pindar_n case_n have_v not_o only_o withdraw_v themselves_o from_o the_o vice_n and_o vanity_n of_o the_o great_a world_n into_o the_o innocent_a felicity_n of_o garden_n and_o grove_n and_o retiredness_n but_o have_v also_o commend_v and_o adorn_v nothing_o so_o much_o in_o their_o never-dying_a poem_n here_o then_o be_v the_o true_a parnassus_n castalia_n and_o the_o muse_n and_o at_o every_o call_n in_o a_o grove_n of_o venerable_a oak_n methinks_v i_o hear_v the_o answer_n of_o a_o hundred_o old_a druid_n and_o the_o bard_n of_o our_o inspire_a ancestor_n innumerable_a be_v the_o testimony_n i_o may_v produce_v in_o behalf_n of_o grove_n and_o wood_n out_o of_o the_o poet_n virgil_n gratius_n ovid_n horace_n claudian_n statius_n silius_n and_o other_o of_o latter_a time_n especial_o the_o divine_a petrarch_n be_v i_o mind_v to_o swell_v this_o charm_a subject_n beyond_o the_o limit_n of_o a_o chapter_n i_o think_v only_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o theatrical_a representation_n such_o as_o be_v those_o of_o the_o ionian_a call_v andria_n the_o scene_n of_o pastoral_n and_o the_o like_a innocent_a rural_a entertainment_n be_v of_o old_a adorn_v and_o trim_v up_o è_fw-la ramis_fw-la &_o frondibus_fw-la cum_fw-la racemis_fw-la &_o corymbis_fw-la and_o frequent_o represent_v in_o grove_n as_o the_o learned_a scaliger_n show_v 21._o and_o here_o the_o most_o belove_a of_o apollo_n root_v his_o coy_a mistress_n and_o the_o noble_a rapture_n have_v be_v conceive_v in_o the_o walk_n and_o shade_n of_o tree_n and_o poet_n have_v compose_v verse_n which_o have_v animate_v man_n to_o heroic_a and_o glorious_a action_n here_o orator_n as_o we_o show_v have_v make_v their_o panegyric_n historian_n grave_a relation_n and_o the_o profound_a philosopher_n love_v here_o to_o pass_v their_o life_n in_o repose_n and_o contemplation_n and_o the_o frugal_a repast_n mollesque_fw-la sub_fw-la arbore_fw-la somni_fw-la be_v the_o natural_a and_o chaste_a delight_n of_o our_o forefather_n 12._o nor_o be_v grove_n thus_o only_o frequent_v by_o the_o great_a scholar_n and_o the_o great_a wit_n but_o by_o the_o great_a statesman_n and_o politian_n also_o and_o the_o athenian_n be_v wont_a to_o consult_v of_o their_o grave_a matter_n and_o public_a concernment_n in_o they_o famous_a for_o these_o assembly_n be_v the_o ceraunian_a and_o at_o rome_n the_o lucus_n petilinus_fw-la the_o farentinus_n and_o other_o in_o which_o there_o be_v hold_v that_o renown_a parliament_n after_o the_o defeat_n of_o the_o gaul_n by_o m._n popilio_n for_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o in_o place_n so_o sacred_a they_o will_v faithful_o and_o religious_o observe_v what_o be_v conclude_v among_o they_o in_o such_o green_a palace_n the_o first_o king_n reign_v sleep_v in_o their_o shade_n and_o angel_n entertain_v with_o such_o old_a counsellor_n they_o do_v advise_v and_o by_o frequent_v sacred_a grove_n grow_v wise_a free_a from_o the_o impediment_n of_o light_n and_o noise_n man_n thus_o retire_v his_o noble_a thought_n employ_v mr._n wallet_n as_o our_o excellent_a poet_n have_v describe_v it_o and_o among_o other_o weighty_a matter_n they_o treat_v of_o match_n for_o their_o child_n and_o the_o young_a people_n make_v love_n in_o the_o cool_a shade_n and_o engrave_v their_o mistress_n name_n upon_o the_o bark_n 10._o tituli_fw-la aereis_fw-la literis_fw-la insculpti_fw-la as_o pliny_n speak_v of_o that_o ancient_a vatican_n ilex_fw-la and_o euripides_n in_o hippolyto_n where_o he_o show_v we_o how_o they_o make_v the_o incision_n whisper_v their_o soft_a complaint_n like_o that_o of_o aristaenetus_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n and_o wish_v that_o it_o have_v but_o a_o soul_n and_o a_o voice_n to_o tell_v cydippe_n the_o fair_a cydippe_n how_o she_o be_v belove_v 28._o and_o doubtless_o this_o character_n be_v ancient_a than_o that_o in_o paper_n let_v we_o hear_v the_o amorous_a poet_n leave_v his_o young_a couple_n thus_o court_v each_o other_o my_o name_n on_o bark_n engrave_v by_o your_o fair_a hand_n oenone_n there_o cut_v by_o your_o knife_n do_v stand_v and_o with_o the_o stock_n my_o name_n alike_o do_v grow_v be_v it_o so_o and_o my_o advancing_z honour_n show_v incisae_fw-la servant_n a_o te_fw-la mea_fw-la nomina_fw-la fagi_fw-la et_fw-la legor_fw-la oenone_n falce_fw-la notata_fw-la tua_fw-la et_fw-la quantum_fw-la trunci_fw-la tantum_fw-la mea_fw-la nomina_fw-la crescunt_fw-la crescite_fw-la &_o in_o titulos_fw-la surgite_fw-la ritè_fw-la meos_fw-la ovid._n ep._n which_o doubtless_o he_o learn_v of_o maro_n describe_v the_o unfortunate_a gallus_n there_o on_o the_o tender_a bark_n to_o carve_v my_o love_n and_o as_o they_o grow_v so_o shall_v my_o hope_n improve_v ogilby_n tenerisque_fw-la meos_fw-la incidere_fw-la amores_fw-la arboribus_fw-la crescentillae_fw-la crescetis_fw-la amores_fw-la eclog._n 10._o and_o these_o pretty_a monument_n of_o courtship_n i_o find_v be_v much_o use_v on_o the_o cherrytree_n the_o wild_a one_o i_o suppose_v which_o have_v a_o very_a smooth_a rind_n as_o the_o witty_a calfurnius_n repeat_v thy_o word_n on_o cherry-bark_n i_o will_v take_v and_o that_o red_a skin_n my_o table-book_n will_v make_v dic_fw-la age_n nam_fw-la cerasi_n tua_fw-la cortice_fw-la verba_fw-la notabâ—_n et_fw-la decisa_fw-la feram_fw-la rutilanti_fw-la carmina_fw-la libro_fw-la i_o omit_v olympius_n nemesianus_n and_o other_o for_o we_o have_v dwell_v too_o long_o on_o this_o trifle_n but_o we_o will_v now_o change_v the_o scene_n as_o the_o egyptian_n do_v the_o mirth_n of_o their_o guest_n when_o they_o serve_v in_o a_o scull_n to_o make_v they_o more_o serious_a for_o 13._o among_o other_o uses_n of_o grove_n i_o read_v that_o some_o nation_n be_v wont_a to_o hang_v not_o malefactor_n only_o but_o their_o depart_a friend_n and_o those_o who_o they_o most_o esteem_v upon_o tree_n as_o so_o much_o near_o to_o heaven_n and_o dedicate_v to_o god_n believe_v it_o far_o more_o honourable_a than_o to_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o some_o affect_v to_o repose_v rather_o in_o these_o woody_n place_n propertius_n seem_v to_o bespeak_v the_o god_n forbid_v my_o bone_n in_o the_o high-road_n shall_v lie_v by_o every_o wander_a vulgar_a tread_v thus_o bury_v lover_n be_v to_o scorn_v expose_v my_o tomb_n in_o some_o by_o arbour_n be_v enclose_v di_fw-it faciant_fw-la mea_fw-la ne_fw-la terrâ_fw-la locet_fw-la ossa_fw-la frequenti_fw-la quâ_fw-la facit_fw-la assiduo_fw-la tramite_fw-la vulgus_fw-la iter_fw-la post_fw-la mortem_fw-la tumuli_fw-la sic_fw-la infamantur_fw-la amantum_fw-la i_fw-mi tegat_fw-la arboreâ_fw-la devia_fw-la terra_fw-la comâ_fw-la the_o same_o be_v affirm_v of_o other_o septentrional_a people_n
excellent_a musky_a pear_n be_v bring_v into_o the_o best_a orchard_n of_o france_n from_o a_o forest_n in_o bretainy_a where_o it_o grow_v wild_a and_o be_v but_o of_o late_o take_v notice_n of_o but_o now_o to_o the_o deep_a reason_n we_o late_o threaten_v we_o have_v by_o a_o experiment_n find_v some_o near_a affinity_n between_o the_o kernel_n of_o the_o apple_n and_o the_o heart_n or_o interior_a of_o the_o stock_n for_o i_o see_v say_v dr._n beale_n a_o old_a rot_a kernel-tree_n bear_v a_o delicate_a summer-fruit_n yield_v store_n of_o smooth_a cider_n it_o be_v call_v the_o french-kernel-tree_n and_o be_v also_o a_o dwarf_n as_o be_v the_o red-strake_a and_o examine_v divers_a kernel_n many_o year_n successive_o of_o that_o hollow_a and_o decay_a tree_n i_o find_v they_o always_o very_o small_a of_o growth_n and_o empty_a mere_a skin_n of_o kernel_n not_o unlike_a to_o the_o emasculate_v scrotum_fw-la of_o a_o eunuch_n another_o young_a tree_n issue_v from_o the_o sound_a part_n of_o a_o root_n of_o the_o same_o old_a tree_n have_v full_a and_o entire_a kernel_n and_o from_o some_o such_o observation_n may_v the_o production_n of_o berbery_n etc._n etc._n without_o stone_n be_v happy_o attempt_v a_o instrument_n fit_v to_o take_v out_o the_o marrow_n or_o pith_n of_o the_o branch_n as_o the_o same_o d_o r_o beale_n perform_v it_o for_o from_o the_o numerical_a bush_n of_o that_o fruit_n he_o find_v some_o branch_n produce_v berbery_n that_o have_v no_o stone_n other_o which_o have_v and_o in_o search_v for_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o effect_n perceive_v that_o the_o pith_n or_o heart_n be_v take_v from_o the_o radicat_fw-la or_o main_a branch_n as_o the_o other_o be_v full_a of_o pith_n and_o consequent_o the_o fruit_n in_o perfection_n of_o all_o which_o he_o write_v i_o word_n he_o make_v several_a trial_n on_o other_o fruit_n but_o leave_v the_o place_n before_o he_o can_v see_v the_o event_n but_o he_o add_v these_o many_o year_n almost_o twenty_o i_o have_v yearly_o try_v kernel_n in_o bed_n of_o clean_a earth_n pot_n and_o pan_n and_o by_o the_o very_a leaf_n as_o they_o appear_v in_o first_o spring_v for_o one_o month_n i_o can_v discern_v how_o far_o my_o essay_n have_v civilise_v they_o the_o wild_a have_v short_a stiff_a brown_a or_o fox-coloured_a leaf_n the_o more_o ingenuous_a have_v more_o tender_a more_o spread_a leaf_n and_o approach_v the_o light_a verdure_n of_o the_o berbery_n leaf_n when_o it_o first_o appear_v he_o add_v some_o apple_n be_v call_v rose-apple_n rosemary-apple_n gillyflower-apple_n orange-apple_n with_o several_a other_o adjunct_n denominate_v they_o from_o what_o reason_n i_o know_v not_o but_o if_o we_o intend_v to_o try_v such_o infusion_n upon_o the_o kernel_n as_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o alter_v their_o kind_n we_o shall_v not_o approve_v of_o the_o bedabble_a they_o with_o such_o infusion_n for_o over_o moisture_n will_v rather_o enervate_v than_o strengthen_v they_o but_o rather_o prepare_v the_o earth_n the_o year_n before_o with_o such_o insuccation_n and_o then_o hinder_v it_o from_o produce_v any_o weed_n till_o ready_a for_o the_o kernel_n and_o then_o in_o dewy_a time_n and_o more_o frequent_o when_o our_o climate_n be_v surcharge_v with_o rain_n cover_v the_o bed_n and_o pot_n with_o the_o small_a leaf_n of_o rosemary_n gillyflower_n or_o other_o odoriferous_a blossom_n and_o repeat_v it_o often_o to_o the_o end_n the_o dew_n may_v meteorize_v and_o emit_v their_o fine_a spirit_n etc._n etc._n or_o if_o any_o shall_v please_v to_o be_v so-liberal_a of_o their_o salt_n and_o calcination_n of_o peculiar_a virtue_n though_o possible_o the_o essay_n may_v endanger_v their_o seed_n yet_o the_o mixture_n of_o such_o salt_n fine_o reduce_v and_o strew_v discreet_o on_o their_o bed_n may_v be_v a_o more_o probable_a mean_n than_o those_o liquid_a infusion_n which_o have_v hitherto_o be_v so_o confident_o boast_v for_o thus_o also_o we_o be_v in_o this_o age_n of_o we_o provide_v of_o more_o vigorous_a ingredient_n for_o trial_n than_o be_v know_v to_o the_o ancient_n final_o from_o what_o have_v be_v deduce_v from_o the_o wilding_n of_o several_a part_n it_o may_v manifest_o appear_v how_o much_o more_o congeneal_a some_o soil_n be_v than_o other_o to_o yield_v the_o best_a cider-fruit_n from_o the_o kernel_n and_o the_o hazzle_v ground_n or_o quick_a mould_n much_o better_a than_o the_o more_o obstinate_a clay_n or_o rank_a earth_n in_o hot_a gravelly-ground_n where_o almost_o no_o sort_n of_o fruit_n will_v grow_v pear_n will_v thrive_v and_o a_o friend_n of_o i_o assure_v i_o of_o one_o that_o cleave_v a_o rock_n and_o fill_v it_o with_o a_o little_a good_a earth_n plant_v a_o pear-tree_n therein_o which_o prosper_v exceed_o i_o add_v this_o that_o none_o may_v go_v hence_o without_o encouragement_n chap._n ii_o of_o stock_n the_o former_a thus_o establish_v after_o all_o humour_n and_o variety_n have_v be_v sufficient_o weary_v we_o shall_v find_v the_o wilding_n to_o be_v the_o hardy_a and_o most_o proper_a stock_n for_o the_o most_o delicate_a fruit_n this_o confirm_v by_o varro_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 40._o in_o quamcunque_fw-la arborem_fw-la inseras_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o it_o be_v with_o reason_n however_o they_o do_v in_o hereford-shire_n both_o in_o practice_n and_o opinion_n limit_v this_o rule_n and_o to_o preserve_v the_o gust_n of_o any_o delicate_a apple_n as_o of_o the_o pear-main_a quince-apple_n stockin_n etc._n etc._n rather_o graft_v upon_o a_o gennet-moyle_n or_o cydoddin-stock_n as_o there_o call_v than_o a_o crab-stock_n but_o then_o indeed_o they_o conclude_v the_o tree_n last_v not_o so_o long_o and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o apple_n be_v better_o taste_v from_o a_o clean_a light_a land_n etc._n etc._n than_o from_o stiff_a clay_n or_o the_o more_o pinguid_a and_o luxurious_a soil_n whence_o we_o may_v expect_v some_o assistance_n from_o the_o civility_n of_o the_o stock_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o prepare_a soil_n or_o foundation_n to_o the_o graff_n even_o as_o our_o very_a transplantation_n into_o better_a ground_n be_v likewise_o a_o kind_n of_o graft_n thus_o in_o like_a manner_n our_o master_n varro_n loco_fw-la citato_fw-la concern_v pear_n simo_n in_o pyrum_fw-la sylvaticam_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o wild-stock_n do_v enliven_v the_o dull_a and_o phlegmatic_a apple_n and_o the_o stock_n of_o a_o gennet-moyle_n sweeten_v and_o improve_v a_o apple_n that_o seem_v over-tart_a as_o the_o pome-roy_n or_o some_o green_v etc._n etc._n or_o may_v rather_o seem_v to_o abate_v at_o least_o some_o apple_n over-tart_a and_o severe_a your_o crab-stock_n will_v be_v plant_v about_o october_n at_o thirty_o two_o foot_n distance_n and_o not_o graff_v till_o the_o three_o spring_n after_o or_o at_o least_o not_o before_o the_o second_o but_o if_o your_o design_n be_v for_o orchard_n only_o and_o where_o they_o be_v to_o abide_v a_o interval_n of_o sixteen_o foot_n shall_v suffice_v for_o the_o dwarfish_a kind_n or_o in_o the_o ground_n where_o the_o red-strake_a or_o other_o fruit-tree_n be_v of_o small_a bulk_n provide_v the_o ground_n be_v yearly_o turn_v up_o with_o the_o spade_n and_o the_o distance_n quadruple_v where_o the_o plough_n have_v privilege_n this_o be_v the_o most_o expedite_a for_o such_o as_o have_v no_o nursery_n ground_n chap._n iii_o of_o graff_n and_o insition_n make_v choice_n of_o your_o graff_n from_o a_o constant_a and_o well-bearing_a branch_n and_o as_o the_o stock_n have_v a_o more_o verdant_a rind_n and_o be_v capable_a to_o yield_v more_o plenty_n of_o juice_n so_o let_v the_o graff_n have_v more_o eye_n or_o bud_n ordinary_o three_o or_o four_o eye_n be_v sufficient_a to_o give_v issue_n to_o the_o sap_n but_o as_o well_o in_o apple_n and_o pear_n as_o in_o vine_n those_o graff_n or_o cion_n be_v prefer_v in_o which_o the_o bud_n be_v not_o too_o far_o asunder_o or_o distant_a from_o the_o foot_n thereof_o and_o such_o a_o number_n of_o bud_n usual_o determine_v the_o length_n of_o the_o graff_n there_o may_v divers_a cion_n be_v make_v of_o one_o branch_n where_o you_o can_v procure_v plenty_n of_o they_o for_o several_n as_o to_o the_o success_n of_o graft_n the_o main_a point_n be_v to_o join_v the_o inward_a rind_n of_o the_o cion_n to_o the_o inward_a rind_n of_o the_o stock_n so_o that_o the_o sap_n of_o the_o one_o may_v there_o meet_v with_o the_o sap_n of_o the_o other_o and_o these_o part_n shall_v be_v join_v close_o but_o not_o too_o forcible_o that_o be_v the_o best_a and_o most_o infallible_a way_n by_o which_o most_o of_o the_o quick_a and_o juicy_a part_n be_v mutual_o unite_v especial_o towards_o the_o bottom_n if_o the_o stock_n be_v so_o big_a as_o to_o endanger_v the_o pinch_a of_o your_o graff_n when_o the_o wedge_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o cleave_a let_v the_o inner_a side_n of_o the_o graff_n
to_o the_o very_a red-strake_a and_o before_o the_o bromsbury-crab_n but_o upon_o more_o mature_a consideration_n the_o very_a critic_n themselves_o now_o recant_v as_o be_v too_o effeminate_a and_o soft_a for_o a_o judicious_a palate_n the_o red-strake_a then_o among_o these_o accurate_a taster_n have_v obtain_v the_o absolute_a praeeminence_n of_o all_o other_o cider-fruit_n especial_o in_o hereford-shire_n 37._o as_o be_v the_o rich_a and_o most_o vinous_a liquor_n and_o now_o with_o the_o more_o earnestness_n commend_v to_o our_o practice_n for_o its_o celerity_n in_o become_v a_o orchard_n be_v ordinary_o as_o full_a of_o fruit_n at_o ten_o year_n growth_n as_o other_o tree_n be_v at_o twenty_o the_o pepin_n or_o pearmain_n at_o thirty_o and_o last_o from_o that_o no_o contemptible_a quality_n that_o though_o the_o smile_n of_o it_o entice_v even_o on_o the_o tree_n as_o be_v indeed_o better_o than_o most_o other_o table-fruit_n whilst_o hang_v yet_o it_o need_v no_o priapus_n for_o protector_n since_o as_o beautiful_a as_o it_o be_v it_o have_v no_o such_o temptation_n to_o the_o taste_n till_o it_o be_v either_o bake_v or_o convert_v into_o cider_n the_o same_o may_v be_v affirm_v also_o of_o the_o broms-bery-crab_n bareland-pear_n and_o many_o other_o wilding_n who_o be_v no_o less_o at_o their_o self-defence_n yet_o the_o gennet-moyle_n at_o due_a maturity_n have_v both_o a_o gentle_a and_o agreeable_a relish_n their_o unagreeableness_n to_o the_o palate_n as_o elsewhere_o note_v proceed_v only_o from_o the_o separation_n the_o juice_n make_v from_o the_o pulp_n which_o even_o child_n do_v remedy_n by_o contuse_v they_o on_o their_o sharpen_a elbow_n which_o if_o thorough_o weigh_v seem_v to_o dispute_v if_o not_o overthrow_v some_o hypothesis_n of_o fermentation_n in_o sum_n the_o red-strake_a will_n at_o three_o year_n graft_n give_v you_o fair_a hope_n and_o last_v almost_o a_o hundred_o year_n if_o from_o sundry_a man_n experience_n of_o more_o than_o 60_o year_n we_o may_v divine_v and_o that_o it_o agree_v with_o the_o soyl._n and_o the_o gennet-moyle_n hasten_v to_o a_o orchard_n for_o cider_n without_o trouble_n of_o art_n or_o graft_n but_o note_n cider_n that_o this_o tree_n be_v very_o apt_a to_o contract_v a_o bur-knot_n near_o its_o trunk_n where_o it_o begin_v to_o divide_v and_o be_v cut_v off_o under_o that_o boss_n common_o grow_v if_o so_o set_v and_o become_v speedy_o a_o tree_n except_o it_o encounter_v a_o extraordinary_a dry_a summer_n the_o first_o year_n to_o give_v it_o check_v and_o though_o the_o knack_n of_o graft_n be_v so_o obvious_a yet_o this_o more_o appear_a facility_n do_v so_o please_v the_o lazy_a clown_n that_o in_o some_o place_n they_o neither_o have_v nor_o desire_v any_o other_o orchard_n and_o how_o this_o humour_n prevail_v you_o may_v perceive_v by_o the_o hasty_a progress_n of_o our_o kentish_a codlin_n in_o most_o part_n of_o england_n but_o this_o hasty_a growth_n and_o maturity_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v by_o another_o instance_n confirm_v to_o we_o from_o that_o worthy_a gent._n mr._n blount_n of_o orleton_n who_o write_v i_o word_n that_o some_o of_o the_o reject_a spray_n or_o prune_n of_o the_o gennet-moyle_n take_v by_o chance_n to_o rice_n a_o plot_n of_o pease_n though_o stick_v into_o the_o earth_n but_o at_o april_n put_v forth_o root_n grow_v blossom_v and_o bear_v apple_n the_o same_o year_n but_o to_o advance_v again_o our_o red-strake_a even_o above_o the_o pepin_n and_o the_o rest_n beside_o the_o celerity_n of_o the_o improvement_n and_o constant_a burden_n consider_v we_o the_o most_o incredible_a product_n since_o we_o may_v expect_v from_o each_o apple_n more_o than_o double_a the_o quantity_n so_o as_o in_o the_o same_o orchard_n under_o the_o same_o culture_n thirty_o red-strake_a tree_n shall_v at_o ten_o year_n graft_n yield_v more_o cider_n than_o a_o hundred_o of_o those_o pippin_n and_o surmount_v they_o in_o proportion_n during_o their_o period_n at_o least_o sixty_o or_o seventy_o year_n so_o that_o grant_v the_o cider_n of_o the_o golden-pepin_n shall_v excel_v which_o with_o some_o be_v precarious_a yet_o it_o be_v in_o no_o wise_a proper_a for_o a_o cider-orchard_n according_a to_o our_o general_a design_n not_o by_o half_a so_o soon_o bear_v nor_o so_o constant_o nor_o in_o that_o quantity_n nor_o fullness_n or_o security_n concern_v perry_n the_o horse-pear_n and_o bare-land-pear_n be_v repute_v of_o the_o best_a as_o bear_v almost_o their_o weight_n of_o spriteful_a and_o vinous_a liquor_n the_o experience_a prefer_v the_o tawny_a or_o ruddy_a sort_n 34._o as_o the_o colour_n of_o all_o other_o most_o proper_a for_o perry_n they_o will_v grow_v in_o common-field_n gravelly_a wild_a and_o stony_a ground_n to_o that_o largeness_n as_o one_o only_a tree_n have_v be_v usual_o know_v to_o make_v three_o or_o four_o hogshead_n that_o of_o bosbury_n and_o some_o other_o be_v so_o tart_a and_o harsh_a that_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o safe_a from_o plunder_v when_o even_o a_o swine_n will_v not_o take_v they_o in_o his_o mouth_n but_o thus_o likewise_o will_v the_o abundance_n preserve_v these_o fruit_n as_o we_o see_v it_o do_v in_o normandy_n chap._n v._o of_o the_o place_n and_o order_n we_o do_v serious_o prefer_v a_o very_a wild_a orchard_n as_o main_o intend_v for_o the_o public_a utility_n and_o to_o our_o purpose_n of_o oblige_v the_o people_n as_o with_o a_o speedy_a plantation_n yield_v store_n for_o cider_n upon_o this_o it_o be_v that_o we_o do_v so_o frequent_o inculcate_v how_o well_o they_o thrive_v upon_o arable_a whilst_o the_o continue_v it_o so_o accelerate_v the_o growth_n in_o almost_o half_a the_o time_n and_o if_o the_o arable_a can_v be_v so_o level_v as_o common_o we_o see_v it_o for_o barly-land_n then_o without_o detriment_n it_o may_v assume_v the_o ornament_n of_o cyrus_n and_o flourish_v in_o the_o quincunx_fw-la if_o it_o be_v shallow_a land_n or_o must_v be_v raise_v with_o high_a ridge_n then_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o have_v more_o regard_n of_o plant_v on_o the_o top_n of_o those_o eminency_n and_o to_o excuse_v the_o unavoidable_a breach_n of_o the_o decussis_fw-la as_o my_o lord_n verulam_n excuse_v the_o defect_n of_o our_o humane_a fancy_n in_o the_o constellation_n which_o obey_v the_o omnipotent_a order_n rather_o than_o we_o add_v to_o this_o the_o rigour_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n which_o approve_v more_o of_o plainness_n and_o usefulness_n than_o of_o niceness_n and_o curiosity_n while_o many_o put_v themselves_o to_o the_o vast_a charge_n of_o level_v their_o ground_n oftentimes_o make_v they_o but_o the_o worse_o since_o where_o the_o place_n be_v full_a of_o ghastly_a inequality_n there_o may_v be_v plant_v some_o sort_n of_o cider-fruit_n which_o be_v apt_a by_o the_o great_a burden_n to_o be_v press_v down_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o there_o while_o it_o hide_v irregularity_n to_o bear_v much_o better_a and_o abundant_o beyond_o belief_n for_o so_o have_v be_v see_v many_o such_o recumbent_a pear-tree_n bear_v each_o of_o they_o two_o three_o yea_o even_o to_o six_o or_o more_o hogshead_n yearly_a and_o for_o this_o cider_n while_o we_o prefer_v some_o sort_n of_o wilding_n which_o do_v not_o tempt_v the_o palate_n of_o a_o thief_n by_o the_o caution_n we_o shall_v not_o provoke_v any_o man_n to_o repent_v his_o charge_n from_o the_o necessity_n of_o rich_a and_o more_o reserve_a enclosure_n though_o we_o have_v frequent_o see_v divers_a orchard_n successful_o plant_v on_o very_o poor_a arable_a and_o even_o in_o stony_a gleab_n gravel_n and_o clay_n and_o that_o pretty_a high_a on_o the_o side_n and_o declivity_n of_o hill_n where_o it_o only_o bear_v very_o short_a grass_n like_v to_o the_o most_o ordinary_a common_a not_o worth_a the_o charge_n of_o tillage_n and_o yet_o even_o there_o the_o tenant_n and_o confiner_n sometime_o enclose_v it_o for_o the_o fruit_n and_o find_v their_o reward_n though_o not_o equal_o to_o such_o orchard_n as_o be_v plant_v on_o better_a ground_n and_o in_o the_o valley_n hence_o we_o suggest_v that_o if_o there_o be_v no_o statute_n for_o it_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v there_o be_v a_o law_n which_o shall_v allow_v endeavour_n of_o this_o nature_n out_o of_o the_o common-field_n to_o enclose_v for_o these_o encouragement_n since_o both_o the_o public_a and_o the_o poor_a whatever_o the_o clamour_n be_v be_v advantage_v by_o such_o enclosure_n as_o tusser_n in_o his_o old_a rhime_n and_o all_o indifferent_a observer_n apprehend_v with_o good_a reason_n true_o indeed_o it_o be_v that_o all_o land_n be_v not_o fit_a for_o orchard_v so_o as_o even_o where_o to_o form_v just_a enclosure_n be_v either_o too_o shallow_a and_o dry_a or_o too_o wet_a and_o starve_a but_o this_o say_v the_o judicious_a m_n r_o buckland_n we_o may_v aver_v that_o there_o be_v few_o parish_n or_o hamlet_n in_o
england_n where_o there_o be_v not_o some_o fat_a and_o deep_a headland_n capable_a of_o row_v of_o tree_n and_o that_o as_o have_v be_v say_v the_o raise_a bank_n of_o all_o enclosure_n general_o by_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o depth_n fatness_n and_o health_n of_o their_o mould_n yield_v ready_a opportunity_n for_o plant_v yea_o and_o in_o many_o country_n multitude_n of_o crab-stock_n fit_a to_o be_v graff_v in_o which_o latter_a say_v he_o i_o have_v frequent_o observe_v very_o goodly_a fruit-bearing_a tree_n when_o in_o the_o same_o soil_n tree_n in_o orchard_n have_v be_v poor_a and_o worth_a nothing_o to_o conclude_v if_o the_o soil_n be_v very_o bad_a and_o unkind_a any_o other_o fruit_n which_o it_o may_v more_o free_o yield_v without_o require_v much_o depth_n and_o less_o sun_n may_v be_v plant_v instead_o of_o apple_n chap._n vi_o of_o transplant_n and_o distance_n the_o most_o proper_a season_n for_o transplant_n be_v before_o the_o hard_a frost_n of_o winter_n surprise_v you_o and_o that_o be_v a_o competent_a while_n before_o christmas_n and_o the_o main_a point_n be_v to_o see_v that_o the_o root_n be_v large_a than_o the_o head_n and_o the_o more_o way_n that_o extend_v the_o better_a and_o firm_a if_o the_o stock_n seem_v able_a to_o stand_v on_o its_o own_o three_o or_o four_o leg_n as_o we_o may_v call_v they_o and_o then_o after_o settlement_n some_o stone_n be_v heap_v or_o lay_v about_o it_o as_o it_o be_v gentle_o wedge_v it_o fast_o and_o safe_a from_o wind_n which_o stone_n may_v after_o the_o second_o or_o three_o year_n be_v remove_v it_o will_v salve_v from_o the_o main_a danger_n for_o if_o the_o root_n be_v much_o shake_v the_o first_o spring_n it_o will_v hardly_o recover_v it_o you_o may_v transplant_v a_o fruit-tree_n almost_o at_o any_o tolerable_a season_n of_o the_o year_n especial_o if_o you_o apprehend_v it_o may_v be_v spend_v before_o you_o have_v finish_v your_o work_n have_v many_o to_o remove_v thus_o let_v your_o tree_n be_v take_v up_o about_o allhallontide_n or_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o leaf_n begin_v to_o fall_v then_o have_v trim_v and_o quicken_v the_o root_n set_v they_o in_o a_o pit_n forty_o fifty_o or_o a_o hundred_o together_o yet_o so_o as_o they_o may_v be_v cover_v with_o mould_n and_o keep_v very_o fresh_a by_o the_o spring_n they_o will_v be_v find_v well_o cure_v of_o their_o wound_n and_o so_o ready_a to_o strike_v root_n and_o put_v forth_o that_o be_v transplant_v where_o they_o be_v to_o stand_v they_o will_v take_v sudden_o and_o seldom_o fail_v whereas_o be_v thus_o cut_v at_o spring_n they_o recover_v with_o great_a hazard_n the_o very_a root_n of_o tree_n plant_v in_o the_o ground_n and_o bury_v within_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n or_o little_o more_o of_o the_o level_n of_o the_o bed_n will_v sprout_v and_o grow_v to_o be_v very_o good_a stock_n this_o and_o the_o other_o be_v experiment_n of_o our_o own_o we_o think_v convenient_a to_o mention_v by_o the_o oft_o removal_n of_o a_o wild-stock_n cut_v the_o end_n of_o the_o root_n and_o dis-branching_a somewhat_o of_o the_o head_n at_o every_o change_n of_o place_n it_o will_v great_o abate_v of_o its_o natural_a wildness_n and_o in_o time_n bring_v forth_o more_o civil_a and_o ingenuous_a fruit_n thus_o gillyflower_n do_v by_o oft_o removal_n and_o at_o fullmoon_n especial_o increase_n and_o multiply_v the_o leaf_n plant_v not_o too_o deep_a for_o the_o over-turf_n be_v always_o rich_a than_o the_o next_o mould_n how_o material_a it_o be_v to_o keep_v the_o coast_n or_o side_n of_o the_o stock_n as_o well_o in_o fruit-tree_n as_o in_o forest_n we_o have_v sufficient_o discuss_v nor_o be_v the_o negative_a to_o be_v prove_v 35._o for_o the_o distance_n in_o field_n they_o may_v be_v set_v from_o thirty_o two_o to_o sixty_o foot_n so_o as_o not_o to_o hinder_v the_o plough_n nor_o the_o benefit_n of_o manure_n and_o soil_n but_o in_o hedg-row_n as_o much_o near_a as_o you_o please_v sun_n and_o air_n consider_v chap._n vii_o of_o the_o fence_a see_v a_o cider-orchard_n be_v but_o a_o wild_a plantation_n best_a in_o arable_a well_o enclose_v from_o beast_n and_o yet_o better_a on_o the_o top_n ridge_n and_o natural_a inequality_n though_o with_o some_o loss_n of_o order_n as_o we_o show_v one_o of_o the_o great_a discouragement_n be_v the_o preserve_n of_o our_o tree_n be_v plant_v the_o raise_n of_o they_o so_o familiar_a we_o have_v in_o our_o sylva_n treat_v in_o particular_a of_o this_o as_o of_o one_o of_o the_o most_o material_a obstacle_n wherein_o yet_o we_o do_v purposely_o omit_v one_o expedient_a which_o come_v then_o to_o our_o hand_n from_o the_o very_a industrious_a mr._n buckland_n to_o the_o learned_a dr._n beal_n you_o shall_v have_v it_o in_o his_o own_o word_n this_o of_o fence_v single_a tree_n use_v to_o be_v do_v by_o rail_n at_o great_a charge_n or_o by_o hedge_n and_o bush_n which_o every_o other_o year_n must_v be_v renew_v and_o the_o material_n not_o to_o be_v have_v in_o all_o place_n neither_o i_o therefore_o prefer_v and_o commend_v to_o you_o the_o ensue_a form_n of_o plant_v and_o fence_v which_o be_v more_o cheap_a and_o easy_a and_o which_o have_v other_o advantage_n in_o it_o and_o not_o common_o know_v i_o never_o see_v it_o but_o once_o and_o that_o imperfect_o perform_v but_o have_v practise_v it_o myself_o with_o success_n take_v it_o thus_o set_a your_o tree_n on_o the_o greenswarth_a or_o five_o or_o six_o inch_n under_o it_o if_o the_o soil_n be_v very_o healthy_a if_o moist_a or_o weep_a half_o a_o foot_n above_o it_o then_o cut_v a_o trench_n round_o that_o tree_n two_o foot_n or_o more_o in_o the_o clear_a from_o it_o lay_v a_o rank_n of_o the_o turf_n with_o the_o grass_n outward_a upon_o the_o inner_a side_n of_o the_o trench_n towards_o your_o plant_n and_o then_o a_o second_o rank_n upon_o the_o former_a and_o so_o a_o three_o and_o four_o all_o orderly_o place_v as_o in_o a_o fortification_n and_o lean_v towards_o the_o tree_n after_o the_o form_n of_o a_o pyramid_n or_o large_a hop-hill_n always_o as_o you_o place_v a_o row_n of_o turf_n in_o compass_n you_o must_v fill_v up_o the_o inner_a part_n of_o the_o circle_n with_o the_o loose_a earth_n of_o the_o second_o spit_n which_o you_o dig_v out_o of_o your_o trench_n and_o which_o be_v to_o be_v two_o foot_n and_o half_a wide_a or_o more_o as_o you_o desire_v to_o mount_v the_o hillock_n which_o by_o this_o mean_v you_o will_v have_v raise_v about_o your_o plant_n near_o three_o foot_n in_o height_n at_o the_o point_n it_o need_v not_o be_v above_o two_o foot_n or_o eighteen_o inch_n diametre_fw-la where_o you_o may_v leave_v the_o earth_n in_o form_n of_o a_o dish_n to_o convey_v the_o rain_n towards_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o this_o hillock_n prick_v up_o five_o or_o six_o small_a briar_n or_o thorn_n bind_v they_o light_o to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o plant_n and_o you_o have_v finish_v the_o work_n the_o commodity_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o plant_v be_v first_o neither_o swine_n nor_o sheep_n nor_o any_o other_o sort_n of_o cattle_n can_v annoy_v your_o tree_n second_o you_o may_v adventure_v to_o set_v the_o small_a plant_n be_v thus_o raise_v and_o secure_v from_o the_o reach_n of_o cattle_n three_o your_o tree_n faston_n in_o the_o hillock_n against_o violence_n of_o wind_n without_o stake_n to_o fret_v and_o canker_n they_o four_o if_o the_o soil_n be_v wet_a it_o be_v hereby_o make_v healthy_a five_o if_o very_o dry_a the_o hillock_n defend_v from_o the_o outward_a heat_n six_o it_o prevent_v the_o couch-grass_n which_o for_o the_o first_o year_n insensible_o rob_v most_o plant_n in_o sandy_a ground_n apt_a to_o graze_v and_o last_o the_o graze_a bank_n will_v recompense_v the_o niggardly_a farmer_n for_o the_o waste_n of_o his_o ditch_n which_o otherwise_o he_o will_v sore_o bethink_v in_o the_o second_o or_o three_o year_n by_o what_o time_n your_o root_n spread_v the_o trench_n if_o the_o ground_n be_v moist_a or_o season_n wet_a will_v be_v near_o fill_v up_o again_o by_o the_o tread_n of_o cattle_n for_o it_o need_v not_o be_v cleanse_v but_o than_o you_o must_v renew_v your_o thorn_n yet_o if_o the_o planter_n be_v curious_a i_o shall_v advise_v a_o cast_n of_o some_o small_a quantity_n of_o rich_a mould_n into_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o trench_n the_o second_o year_n which_o may_v improve_v the_o growth_n and_o invite_v the_o root_n to_o spread_v in_o this_o manner_n of_o plant_v where_o the_o soil_n be_v not_o rich_a the_o exact_a planter_n shall_v add_v a_o little_a quantity_n to_o each_o root_n of_o earth_n from_o a_o frequent_a highway_n or_o yard_n where_o cattle_n be_v keep_v
blast_n and_o frost_n of_o the_o spring_n i_o may_v add_v that_o some_o of_o these_o and_o especial_o such_o pear_n as_o yield_v the_o best_a perry_n will_v best_o escape_v the_o hand_n of_o the_o thief_n and_o may_v be_v trust_v in_o the_o open_a field_n 38._o by_o the_o first_o second_o and_o four_o of_o these_o reason_n i_o must_v exclude_v the_o gennet-moyle_n from_o a_o right_a cider_n fruit_n it_o be_v dry_a and_o very_a apt_a to_o take_v frosty_a blast_n yet_o it_o be_v no_o table-fruit_n but_o proper_o a_o bake_n fruit_n as_o the_o ruddy_a colour_n from_o the_o oven_n show_v 39_o i_o say_v that_o the_o right_a cider-fruit_n general_o call_v must_n and_o deserve_v the_o latin_a name_n mustum_fw-la be_v of_o divers_a kind_n and_o i_o have_v need_n to_o note_v more_o express_o that_o there_o be_v a_o red-straked_a must_v as_o i_o have_v often_o see_v but_o not_o general_o know_v that_o be_v quite_o differ_v from_o the_o famous_a red-strake_a be_v much_o less_o somewhat_o oblong_o and_o like_o some_o of_o the_o white_a must_n in_o shape_n and_o full_a of_o a_o very_a good_a winy_n liquor_n i_o can_v willing_o name_v the_o person_n and_o place_n where_o the_o distinct_a kind_n be_v best_a know_v it_o be_v first_o show_v i_o by_o john_n nash_n of_o ashperton_n in_o herefordshire_n and_o for_o some_o year_n they_o do_v in_o some_o place_n distinguish_v a_o red-strake_a as_o yield_v a_o rich_a red-straked_a cider_n of_o a_o more_o fulvous_a or_o ruddy_a colour_n but_o this_o difference_n as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v find_v be_v but_o a_o choice_n of_o a_o better_o insolate_v or_o ruddy_a fruit_n of_o the_o best_a kind_n as_o take_v from_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o tree_n or_o from_o a_o soil_n that_o render_v they_o rich_a but_o my_o lord_n scudamore_n be_v safe_o of_o the_o best_a sort_n and_o m._n whingate_n of_o the_o grange_n in_o dimoc_n and_o some_o of_o king's-capel_a do_v best_a know_v these_o and_o other_o difference_n straked-must_a right_a red-strake_a red-redstrake_a etc._n etc._n 40._o the_o greenish_a must_v former_o call_v in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o country_n the_o green-fillet_n when_o the_o liquor_n be_v of_o a_o kindly_a ripeness_n retain_v a_o greeness_n equal_a to_o the_o rhenish-glass_n which_o i_o note_v for_o they_o that_o conceive_v no_o cider_n to_o be_v fit_a for_o use_v till_o it_o be_v of_o the_o colour_n of_o old_a sack_n 41._o to_o direct_v a_o little_a more_o caution_n for_o enquiry_n of_o the_o right_n red-strake_a i_o shall_v give_v notice_n that_o some_o month_n ago_o m._n philip_n of_o montague_n in_o somersetshire_n show_v i_o a_o very_a fair_a large_a red-strake_a apple_n that_o by_o smell_n and_o sight_n seem_v to_o i_o and_o to_o another_o of_o herefordshire_n then_o with_o i_o to_o be_v the_o best_a red_a strike_v but_o when_o we_o do_v cut_v it_o and_o taste_v it_o we_o both_o deny_v it_o to_o be_v right_a the_o other_o with_o much_o more_o confidence_n than_o myself_o but_o m._n philip_n make_v cider_n of_o it_o this_o week_n invite_v i_o to_o it_o assure_v that_o already_o it_o equal_v or_o resemble_v high-country-wine_n it_o have_v not_o such_o plenty_n of_o juice_n as_o our_o red_a strike_n with_o we_o and_o it_o have_v more_o of_o the_o pleasantness_n of_o table-fruit_n which_o may_v be_v occasion_v for_o aught_o i_o know_v by_o the_o pure_a and_o quick_a soil_n this_o apple_n be_v here_o call_v meriot-ysnot_a and_o great_a store_n of_o they_o be_v at_o meriot_n a_o village_n not_o far_o distant_a possible_o this_o meriot_n may_v prove_v to_o be_v the_o red-strake_a of_o somersetshire_n when_o they_o shall_v please_v to_o try_v it_o apart_o with_o equal_a diligence_n and_o constancy_n as_o they_o do_v in_o hereford-shire_n this_o fruit_n be_v of_o a_o very_a lovely_a hue_n and_o by_o some_o conceive_v to_o be_v of_o affinity_n to_o the_o red-jersey-apple_n which_o be_v report_v to_o thing_fw-mi so_o deep_o in_o truth_n there_o can_v hardly_o be_v a_o deep_a purple_n than_o be_v our_o right_a herefordshire_n red-strake_a have_v a_o few_o streak_n towards_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o dark_a colour_n or_o orange-tawny_a intermingle_v but_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o a_o apple_n shall_v change_v its_o name_n in_o travel_v so_o far_o beyond_o the_o severn_n when_o even_o in_o this_o country_n most_o sort_n of_o apple_n and_o especial_o cider-fruit_n lose_v the_o name_n in_o the_o next_o village_n 42._o i_o may_v now_o ask_v why_o we_o shall_v talk_v of_o other_o cider-fruit_n or_o perry_n if_o the_o best_a red-strake_a have_v all_o the_o aforesaid_a pre-eminencies_a of_o rich_a and_o more_o winy_a liquor_n by_o half_a soon_o a_o orchard_n more_o constant_o bear_v etc._n etc._n a_o orchard_n of_o redstrakes_a be_v common_o as_o full_a of_o fruit_n at_o ten_o year_n as_o other_o cider-fruit_n at_o twenty_o year_n or_o as_o the_o pepin_n and_o pearmain_n at_o thirty_o or_o thereabouts_o 43._o to_o this_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o all_o soil_n bear_v not_o apple_n and_o to_o some_o soil_v other_o apple_n may_v be_v more_o kind_a and_o if_o we_o be_v drive_v to_o perry_n much_o we_o may_v say_v both_o in_o behalf_n of_o the_o perry_n and_o of_o the_o pear_n of_o the_o fruit_n and_o of_o the_o tree_n it_o be_v the_o goodly_a tree_n for_o a_o grove_n to_o shelter_v a_o house_n and_o walk_n from_o summers_n heat_n and_o winter_n cold_a wind_n and_o far_o more_o last_a the_o pleasant_a cider-pear_n of_o a_o know_a name_n among_o they_o be_v the_o horse-pear_n and_o it_o be_v much_o argue_v whether_o the_o white-horse-pear_n or_o the_o red-horse-pear_n be_v the_o better_a where_o both_o be_v best_a within_o two_o mile_n they_o differ_v in_o judgement_n the_o pear_n bear_v almost_o its_o weight_n of_o sprightful_a winy_n liquor_n and_o i_o always_o prefer_v the_o tawny_a or_o ruddy_a horse-pear_n and_o general_o that_o colour_n in_o all_o pear_n that_o be_v proper_a for_o perry_n 44._o i_o reject_v palladius_n against_o the_o durableness_n of_o perry_n his_o word_n be_v hyeme_n durat_fw-la sed_fw-la prima_fw-la acescit_fw-la aestate_fw-la tit._n 25._o febr._n possible_o so_o of_o common_a pear_n and_o in_o hot_a country_n but_o from_o good_a cellar_n i_o have_v taste_v a_o very_a brisk_a lively_a and_o winy_a liquor_n of_o these_o horse-pear_n during_o the_o end_n of_o summer_n and_o a_o bosbury-pear_n i_o have_v name_v and_o often_o try_v which_o without_o bottle_v in_o common_a hogshead_n of_o vulgar_a and_o indifferent_a cellar_n prove_v as_o well_o pleasant_a as_o rich_a the_o second_o year_n and_o yet_o also_o better_a the_o three_o year_n a_o very_a honest_a worthy_a and_o witty_a gentleman_n of_o that_o neighbourhood_n will_v engage_v to_o i_o that_o in_o good_a cellar_n and_o in_o careful_a custody_n it_o pass_v any_o account_n of_o decay_n and_o may_v be_v heighten_v to_o a_o kind_n of_o aquavitae_n i_o take_v the_o information_n worthy_a the_o stile_n of_o our_o modern_a improvement_n the_o pear-tree_n grow_v in_o common_a field_n and_o wild_a stony_a ground_n to_o the_o largeness_n of_o bear_v one_o two_o three_o or_o four_o hogshead_n each_o year_n 45._o this_o bosbury-tree_n and_o such_o general_o that_o bear_v the_o most_o last_a liquor_n and_o winy_n be_v of_o such_o unsufferable_a taste_n that_o hungry_a swine_n will_v not_o smell_v to_o it_o or_o if_o hunger_n tempt_v they_o to_o taste_v at_o first_o crush_v they_o shake_v it_o out_o of_o their_o mouth_n i_o say_v not_o this_o of_o the_o horse-pear_n and_o the_o clown_n call_v other_o pear_n of_o best_a liquor_n choak-pear_n and_o will_v offer_v money_n to_o such_o as_o dare_v adventure_v to_o taste_v they_o for_o their_o sport_n and_o their_o mouth_n will_v be_v more_o stupefy_v than_o at_o the_o root_n of_o wake-robin_n 46._o a_o row_n of_o crabtree_n will_v give_v a_o improvement_n to_o any_o kind_n of_o perry_n and_o since_o pear_n and_o crab_n may_v be_v of_o as_o many_o kind_n as_o there_o be_v kernel_n or_o different_a kind_n or_o mixture_n of_o soil_n in_o a_o general_a character_n i_o will_v prefer_v the_o large_a and_o full_a of_o all_o austere_a juice_n 47._o m._n lill_z of_o mark-hill_n age_v about_o 90_o year_n ever_o observe_v this_o rule_n to_o graft_v no_o wild_a pear-tree_n till_o he_o see_v the_o fruit_n if_o it_o prove_v large_a juicy_a and_o brisk_a it_o fail_v not_o of_o good_a liquor_n but_o i_o see_v cause_n to_o say_v that_o to_o graft_v a_o young_a tree_n with_o a_o ripe_a graft_n and_o know_v excellency_n be_v a_o sure_a gain_n and_o hasten_v the_o return_n 48._o m._n speke_n last_a high_a sheriff_n of_o somersetshire_n show_v i_o in_o his_o park_n some_o store_n of_o crabtree_n of_o such_o huge_a bulk_n that_o in_o this_o fertile_a year_n he_o offer_v a_o wager_n that_o they_o will_v yield_v one_o or_o two_o
world_n in_o jersey_n it_o be_v a_o general_a observation_n as_o i_o hear_v that_o the_o more_o of_o red_a any_o apple_n have_v in_o its_o rind_n the_o more_o proper_a it_o be_v for_o this_o use_n paleface't-apple_n they_o exclude_v as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v from_o their_o cider-vat_a it_o be_v with_o we_o a_o observation_n that_o no_o sweet-apple_n that_o have_v a_o tough_a rind_n be_v bad_a for_o cider_n 12._o if_o you_o boil_v your_o cider_n special_a care_n be_v to_o be_v have_v that_o you_o put_v it_o into_o the_o furnace_n immediate_o from_o the_o wring_n otherwise_o if_o it_o be_v let_v stand_v iâ—_n fat_n or_o vessel_n two_o or_o three_o day_n after_o the_o pressure_n the_o best_a and_o most_o spirituous_a part_n will_v ascend_v and_o vapour_n away_o when_o the_o fire_n be_v put_v under_o it_o and_o the_o long_o the_o boil_a continue_v the_o less_o of_o goodness_n or_o virtue_n will_v be_v leave_v remain_v in_o the_o cider_n my_o distillation_n sufficient_o instruct_v i_o that_o the_o same_o liquor_n which_o after_o fermentation_n have_v pass_v upon_o it_o yield_v a_o plentiful_a quantity_n of_o spirit_n draw_v off_o unferment_v yield_v nothing_o at_o all_o of_o spirit_n and_o upon_o the_o same_o account_v it_o be_v undoubted_o certain_a that_o cider_n boil_v immediate_o from_o the_o wring_n have_v its_o spirit_n compress_v and_o draw_v into_o a_o narrow_a compass_n which_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n wash_v and_o evaporate_v by_o late_a unseasonable_a boil_a concern_v cider_n by_o doctor_n smith_z the_o best_a time_n to_o grind_v the_o apple_n be_v immediate_o from_o the_o tree_n so_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v thorough_o ripe_a for_o so_o they_o will_v yield_v the_o great_a quantity_n of_o liquor_n the_o cider_n will_v drink_v the_o better_a and_o last_v long_o than_o if_o the_o apple_n be_v hoard_v for_o cider_n make_v of_o hoard_a apple_n will_v always_o retain_v a_o unpleasing_a taste_n of_o the_o apple_n especial_o if_o they_o contract_v any_o rottenness_n the_o cider_n that_o be_v ground_n in_o a_o stone-case_n be_v general_o accuse_v to_o taste_v unpleasant_o of_o the_o rind_n stem_n and_o kernel_n of_o the_o apple_n which_o it_o will_v not_o if_o ground_n in_o a_o case_n of_o wood_n which_o do_v not_o bruise_v they_o so_o much_o so_o soon_o as_o the_o cider_n be_v make_v put_v it_o into_o the_o vessel_n leave_v it_o about_o the_o space_n of_o one_o gallon_n empty_a and_o present_o stop_v it_o up_o very_o close_a this_o way_n be_v observe_v to_o keep_v it_o long_o and_o to_o preserve_v its_o spirit_n better_a than_o the_o usual_a way_n of_o fill_v the_o vessel_n quite_o full_a and_o keep_v it_o open_v till_o it_o have_v do_v ferment_v cider_n put_v into_o a_o new_a vessel_n will_v often_o taste_v of_o the_o wood_n if_o it_o be_v pierce_v early_o but_o the_o same_o stop_v up_o again_o and_o reserve_v till_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o year_n will_v free_v itself_o of_o that_o taste_n if_o the_o cider_n be_v sharp_a and_o thick_a it_o will_v recover_v itself_o again_o but_o if_o sharp_a and_o clear_a it_o will_v not_o about_o march_n or_o when_o the_o cider_n begin_v to_o sparkle_v in_o the_o glass_n before_o it_o be_v too_o fine_a be_v the_o best_a time_n to_o bottle_n it_o cider_n will_v be_v much_o long_o in_o clear_v in_o a_o mild_a and_o moist_a then_o in_o a_o cold_a and_o dry_a winter_n to_o every_o hogshead_n of_o cider_n design_v for_o two_o year_n keep_v it_o be_v requisite_a to_o add_v about_o march_n the_o first_o year_n a_o quart_n of_o wheat_n unground_a the_o best_a fruit_n with_o we_o in_o gloucestershire_n for_o the_o first_o year_n cider_n be_v the_o red-strake_a the_o white_a and_o red_a must-apple_n the_o sweet_a and_o sour_a pepin_n and_o the_o harvey-apple_n pearmains_n alone_o make_v but_o a_o small_a liquor_n and_o hardly_o clear_v of_o itself_o but_o mix_v either_o with_o sweet_a or_o sour_a pippin_n it_o become_v very_o brisk_a and_o clear_a must-apple-cider_n though_o the_o first_o make_v be_v always_o the_o last_o ripe_a by_o reason_n that_o most_o of_o the_o pulp_n of_o the_o apple_n pass_v the_o strainer_n in_o press_v and_o make_v it_o exceed_o thick_a the_o cider_n of_o the_o bromsbury-crab_n and_o fox-whelp_n be_v not_o fit_a for_o drink_v till_o the_o second_o year_n but_o then_o very_a good_a the_o cider_n of_o the_o bromsbury-crab_n yield_v a_o far_o great_a proportion_n of_o spirit_n in_o the_o distillation_n than_o any_o of_o the_o other_o crab_n and_o pear_n mix_v make_v a_o very_a please_a liquor_n and_o much_o soon_o ripe_a than_o pear_n alone_o of_o cider_n by_o capt._n sylas_n taylor_n herefordshire_n afford_v several_a sort_n of_o cider-apple_n as_o the_o two_o sort_n of_o red_a strike_n the_o gennet-moyle_n the_o summer-violet_n or_o fillet_n and_o the_o winter-fillet_n with_o many_o other_o sort_n which_o be_v use_v only_o to_o make_v cider_n of_o which_o some_o use_v each_o sort_n simple_o and_o other_o mix_v many_o sort_n together_o this_o county_n be_v very_o well_o store_v with_o other_o sort_n of_o apple_n as_o pippin_n pearmains_n etc._n etc._n of_o which_o there_o be_v much_o cider_n make_v but_o not_o to_o be_v compare_v to_o the_o cider_n draw_v from_o the_o cider-apple_n among_o which_o the_o redstrakes_a bear_v the_o bell_n a_o fruit_n in_o itself_o scarce_o edible_a yet_o the_o juice_n be_v press_v out_o be_v immediate_o pleasant_a in_o taste_n without_o any_o thing_n of_o that_o restringency_n which_o it_o have_v when_o incorporate_v with_o the_o meat_n or_o flesh_n of_o the_o apple_n it_o be_v many_o time_n three_o month_n before_o it_o come_v to_o its_o clearness_n and_o six_o month_n before_o it_o come_v to_o a_o ripeness_n fit_a for_o drink_v yet_o i_o have_v taste_v of_o it_o three_o year_n old_a very_o pleasant_a though_o dangerous_o strong_a the_o colour_n of_o it_o when_o fine_a be_v of_o a_o sparkle_a yellow_a like_a canary_n of_o a_o good_a full_a body_n and_o oily_a the_o taste_n like_o the_o flavour_n or_o perfume_n of_o excellent_a peach_n very_o grateful_a to_o the_o palate_n and_o stomach_n gennet-moyle_n make_v a_o cider_n of_o a_o small_a body_n than_o the_o former_a yet_o very_o pleasant_a and_o will_v last_v a_o year_n it_o be_v a_o good_a eat_v pleasant_a sharp_a fruit_n when_o ripe_a and_o the_o best_a tart-apple_n as_o the_o red-strake_a also_o before_o its_o ripeness_n the_o tree_n grow_v with_o certain_a knotty_a extuberancy_n upon_o the_o branch_n and_o bough_n below_o which_o knot_n we_o cut_v off_o bough_n the_o thickness_n of_o a_o man_n wrist_n and_o place_v the_o knot_n in_o the_o ground_n which_o make_v the_o root_n and_o this_o be_v do_v to_o raise_v this_o fruit_n but_o very_o rare_o by_o graft_n of_o fillet_n of_o both_o sort_n viz._n summer_n and_o winter_n i_o have_v make_v cider_n of_o that_o proportionate_a taste_n and_o strength_n that_o i_o have_v deceive_v several_a experience_a palate_n with_o who_o simple_o it_o have_v pass_v for_o white-wine_n and_o dash_v it_o with_o red-wine_n it_o have_v pass_v for_o claret_n and_o mingle_v with_o the_o syrup_n of_o rasp'ye_n it_o make_v a_o excellent_a woman_n wine_n the_o fruit_n be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o the_o gennet-moyle_n to_o eat_v the_o winter-fillet_n make_v a_o last_a cider_n and_o the_o summer-fillet_n a_o early_a cider_n but_o both_o very_a strong_a and_o the_o apple_n mix_v together_o make_v a_o good_a cider_n these_o apple_n yield_v a_o liquor_n more_o grateful_a to_o my_o palate_n and_o so_o esteem_v of_o in_o herefordshire_n by_o the_o great_a ciderist_n than_o any_o make_v of_o pippin_n and_o pearmains_n of_o which_o sort_n we_o have_v very_o good_a in_o that_o country_n and_o those_o also_o both_o summer_n and_o winter_n of_o both_o sort_n and_o of_o which_o i_o have_v drink_v the_o cider_n but_o prefer_v the_o other_o ground_n separate_v only_o with_o a_o hedge_n and_o ditch_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o soil_n have_v give_v a_o great_a alteration_n to_o the_o cider_n notwithstanding_o the_o tree_n have_v be_v graff_v with_o equal_a care_n the_o same_o graff_n and_o last_o the_o same_o care_n take_v in_o the_o make_n of_o the_o cider_n this_o as_o to_o the_o red-strake_a i_o have_v not_o observe_v the_o same_o niceness_n in_o any_o other_o fruit_n for_o gennet-moyle_n and_o fillet_n thrive_v very_o well_o over_o all_o herefordshire_n the_o red-strake_a delight_n most_o in_o a_o fat_a soil_n hamlacy_n be_v a_o rich_a intermix_v soil_n of_o red-fat-clay_n and_o sand_n and_o kings-capel_a a_o low_a hot_a sandy_a ground_n both_o well_o defend_v from_o noxious_a wind_n and_o both_o very_a famous_a for_o the_o red-strake-cider_n there_o be_v a_o pear_n in_o hereford_n and_o worcestershire_n which_o be_v call_v bareland-pear_n which_o make_v a_o very_a good_a cider_n i_o call_v it_o