acrid and resinous with a sort of Sweetness The Wood being burnt perfumes the Air. The Berries are good for a cold Stomach and are good against Wind and Gripes They provoke Urine and expel Poyson and are good in Diseases of the Head and Nerves The Oyl of Juniper is much in use it helps the Tooth-ach and is good in the Cholick and against Gravel The Dose is five or six Drops in a proper Vehicle Climbing Ivy in Latin Hedera Arborea 'T is frequently used outwardly upon Issues and for Pains in the Ears proceeding from Matter contain'd within The Ancients boyl'd the Leaves in Wine and applied them to Burns and malignant Ulcers Some that are afflicted with the Gout apply the green Leaves to the pain'd Parts A Pugil of the dried Flowers taken in Wine cures the Bloody Flux A large quantity of the Powder of the ripe Berries taken in Wine is an excellent Remedy for the Plague A Dram of the Stones taken in Wine provokes Urine and expels Gravel Three of the Stones powder'd and taken with a little Saffron in Penny-royal-water for some Days in the Morning scarce ever fails to move the Courses It must be taken hot The Berries purge upwards and downwards The Oyl of the Berries drawn by Distillation is very good for cold Diseases of the Joints It provokes the Courses expels Gravel and cures sordid Ulcers Take one Dram of the ripe Berries dried in the Shade and powder'd in a Glass of White-wine This is very Sudorifick and is good in the Plague and for Pains of the Stomach Ground Ivy in Latin Hedera terrestris 'T is Vulnerary either outwardly applied or taken inwardly 'T is also Diuretick and moves the Courses 'T is frequently used for Diseases of the Lungs for Obstructions of the Kidnies and the Jaundice and in Clysters for the Cholick The People in the North put it into their Beer to clear it and therefore it is call'd Alehoof The Juice of it drawn up into the Nostrils cures inveterate and violent Head-aches A Tincture of the Leaves made in Nantz-Brandy is excellent in the Cholick Take of the Conserve of Red Roses four Ounces of Flowers of Sulphure four Scruples of pure Oyl of Turpentine one Dram of the Species of the Lungs of a Fox three Drams of Syrup of Ground-Ivy a sufficient quantity make a Linctus Lick of it often in a Day with a Liquorish-stick This is proper to stop a Tickling Cough K. KIdny or French-beans in Latin Phaseolus They provoke Urine and are good in the Stone a Dram of the Powder of them being taken in White-wine They are of easie Digestion and excite Venery Common Knot-grass in Latin Polygonum mas vulgare The Root is hard woody and single and has many Fibres and is of an astringent Taste It has many Stalks they are sometimes upright but they oftner bend towards the Earth or lie on it they are above two Foot long they are small round solid and smooth The Leaves are placed alternately they are oblong narrow and smooth and are placed on very short Foot-stalks From the Wings of the lower Leaves at the Knots of the Stalks come forth small Branches And from the Wings of the Upper two or three small Flowers together on short Foot-stalks they consist of five Leaves and are of a light purple Colour The Seeds are pretty large triangular and of a dark Chesnut-colour 'T is Vulnerary Drying and Astringent 'T is chiefly used for stopping all Fluxes Outwardly 't is used for Wounds and Ulcers and for Inflammations of the Eyes A certain Nobleman that vomited Blood and had used other Medicines in vain was much reliev'd by the Juice of this in a little Styptick Wine L. COmmon Ladies-bed-straw in Latin Gallium luteum vulgare This Ladies-bed-straw rises up with several small brown and square upright Stalks a Yard high or more sometimes branch'd forth into many Parts full of Joints and with several very small fine Leaves at every one of them little or not at all rough At the Tops of the Branches grow many long Tufts or Branches of yellow Flowers set very thick together one above another they smell pretty strong and resinous The Seed is small and black and two for the most part joyn'd together The Root is reddish and has many small Fibres The Tops of it turn Milk like Rennet The Herb or the Powder of it stops Bleeding and is commended for Cancerous Ulcers Ladies-mantle in Latin Alchimilla It has a Root of the thickness of the Little Finger or Thumb consisting of many Fibres that are astringent and drying Some thin hairy Stalks arise branching out about nine Inches high upon which there are small Flowers of a Grass-colour placed in a Circle each consists of eight Leaves four large and four small placed alternately in the middle whereof are little yellow Tufts The Flowers grow on the uppermost Seminal Vessels two small shining Seeds are contain'd in each Vessel not exactly round but somewhat long in one part Some of the Leaves arise immediately from the Root with long hairy Foot-stalks about one Handful and an half long Others adhere to the Stalk by a short or no Foot-stalk at all As to other things the Leaf is like a Mallow of a Colour betwixt yellow and green and hairy under divided into eight or nine obtuse Angles peculiar Nerves coming into each Angle from the foot-Foot-stalks they are neatly indented about the Edges It grows in Meadows and Pastures especially on hilly Grounds spontaneously There is abundance of it in the North of England in Yorkshire and Derbyshire where it is commonly called Bear's-foot 'T is an excellent Wound-herb 'T is hot and dry and astringent It stops Bleeding the Courses and the Whites The Leaves the Tops and the Roots are used in Vulnerary Potions Powders Plasters and Ointments Rags dipped in a Decoction of it and applied to Women's Breasts when they are very lax renders them hard and solid It agglutinates inward Wounds and Ruptures And the Decoction of it or the Powder of the dried Herb taken in the Decoction or in the distill'd Water is excellent in curing Children's Bursten Bellies The Astringent Quality is chief in this Plant by means whereof it does what it does Take of Ladies-mantle Sanicle Golden-rod Sengreen Betony and Agrimony each one Handful Marsh-mallows two Handfuls Fern Flowers of Camomile St. John's-wort Mugwort Briars Origanum and Tormentil-Leaves and Roots each one Handful put them into three Bags then boyl them in the Faeces of Red Wine and apply them one after another These are very astringent and of good use to stop Fluxes Ladies-smock in Latin Cardamine The Root is white thick and has many small Fibres It has most commonly but one Stalk upright round firm and smooth and about nine Inches high reddish near the Earth 'T is divided into Branches at the top whereof are many Flowers together of a light-purple Colour they are large and consist of four obtuse veiny Leaves The Cods are of a deep
The Flowers are of a pale-yellow Colour Its Seeds are small round and blackish four most commonly in every Husk The Root is very small and full of Fibres or Threads which spread much in the Ground It grows amongst Bushes and in Hedges It dries is astringent and one of the chief Vulneraries inwardly taken or outwardly applied Drunk in Wine it is good for Ruptures It also expectorates Viscous Humours The Common Creeping Crow-foot in Latin Ranunculus pratensis The Root has many white Fibres The Leaves are placed upon very long Foot-stalks and have three Divisions and are most like the Leaves of Smallage they are cut in deep and indented about the Edges hairy on both sides of a dark-dark-green Colour and sometimes spotted with white It has many small Stalks round hairy and concave that creep on the Ground and send down Roots from the Joints by Intervals The Flowers are placed upon long foot-Foot-stalks they have five Leaves are yellow and shine as if they were varnish'd Many Seeds succeed the Flowers all joyn'd together make a a Bur They are black when they are ripe It grows in moist Grounds This Sort is not at all acrid and therefore may be applied to the Body without Danger The German-Women eat them in April when they are tender with other Herbs Round-rooted or Bulbous Crow-foot in Latin Ranunculus bulbosus The Leaves and Flowers are like the former It differs from it in these six Things 1. The Root is bulbous 2. The Stalks are upright and do not creep at all 3. The Leaves upon the upper Stalks are cut into smaller and longer Jags 4. The Leaves of the Cup when the Flower opens are turn'd back to the Foot-stalk 5. It flowers earlier Lastly The Heads of the Seeds are a little longer and each Seed not prickly at the top as is every Seed of the Creeping Crow-foot There are other Differences but these may suffice for the Distinction of them This grows every where in Pastures and is too frequent there This is called Devil's Crow-foot by Tragus Beggars make Soars upon their Flesh with this Plant to move Compassion The Water of the Root or the Infusion made in Spirit of Wine is praised in the Plague The Root of it burns violently and therefore must be used only externally 'T is of excellent Use for eating down and drying up hard Tumours It takes off long Warts and the like Camerarius says That if the Root be kept dry a Month it becomes sweet Nicholas Chesneaw commends the Juice of Crowfoot I suppose he means the Bulbous in Head-aches which says he wonderfully moves the Pain when it possesses a little Space Chuse that Sort whose Leaves are like the Leaves of Anemony and bites the Tongue when chewed beat the Leaves of it in a Marble Mortar and having applied a Plaster with an Hole in it as is made use of in the Application of a Caustick put it on the pain'd Part and apply the Leaves beaten with the Juice in them in the Hole of the Plaster and then put another Plaster over to keep them in and in the spaee of two Hours it will open the Skin especially if the Herb be gather'd in a Place where the Sun shines Note The Hair must be shaved and you must take care not to apply it near the Eyes He mentions many Observations of the Cure of the Head-ach by this Medicine He used it in the Gout with the same Success A Priest says he that had kept his Bed three Years with the Gout and was not able to walk was cured by applying Crowfoot to the Part most pained after the Manner above-mention'd One that was seized with the Plague and was in great danger was cured by two Issues made in the Groin with the Leaves of Crow-foot he having a Bubo there Ivy-leav'd Water Crow-foot in Latin Ranunculus aquaticus or Hederaceus albus The Stalks of it are round solid lie along and are jointed from the Joints whereof the Plant spreads it self much by many white Fibres The Leaves are placed at the Joints with pretty long Foot-stalks they are triangular and somewhat like Ivy-leaves they are smooth shining and sometimes have a black Spot upon them The Flowers grow on the Stalks opposite to the Leaves they are small and have five sharp Leaves The Cup is divided into five parts and is white An Head of Seeds succeed the Flowers of the bigness of the common Vetch The Seeds are not sharp It grows plentifully in Brooks and Ditches that have Water in them especially on Sandy Ground The following Medicine is excellent for the Scurvy and Dropsie Take of the Tops of Alder Ivy-leav'd-Water-Crow-foot and Sage each one Handful infuse them one Night in White-wine and drink the Infusion Cuckow-pintle in Latin Arum It has a Tuberous Root and sends its Fibres every way into the Earth The Leaves are oblong triangular smooth at top and shining below and have sometimes black Spots upon them The Taste of the Root and Leaf is very biting The Stalk is about an Hand high on the top whereof the naked Pestel comes out from a long membranaceous Sheath and is oblong and of a dark-purple Colour The Berries are of a Vermilion Colour The Roots when they are young yield a Milky Juice The Root especially of that which is spotted green or dry taken to the quantity of a Dram is an excellent Remedy for Poyson and in the Plague Some add to it the like quantity of Treacle The Root boyl'd and mix'd with Hony cures all Flegmatick Humours of the Breast and is good for an Asthma It cures Ruptures and provokes Urine Women use the distill'd Water of the Root to beautifie their Faces but the Juice of the Root set in the Sun is much better The dried Root is an excellent Medicine for the Scurvy and is full as effectual in cold Diseases of the Spleen and Stomach especially for Wind. The Country-People about Maidstone in Kent use the Herb and Root instead of Soap The Compound-Powder of Wake-Robin is as follows Take of the Roots of Wake-Robin powder'd two Ounces of the Roots of Sweet-smelling Flag Pimpernel and Saxifrage each one Ounce of Crabs-eyes half an Ounce of Cinnamon three Drams of Salt of Wormwood and Juniper each one Dram Make a Powder Cucumber in Latin Cucumis The Seed of it is one of the four greater cold Seeds It cleanses opens and provokes Urine 'T is frequently used in Emulsions for Pleurisies and the Stone in the Kidnies The Flower of it is reckon'd good to clear the Skin 'T is generally reckon'd that the Substance of Cucumber is cold and moist and of an Excrementitious Juice and therefore to be used only by those whose Stomachs are strong But I says Schroder tho' my Stomach is not very strong having liv'd a Sedentary Life have eaten plentifully of Cucumbers for many Years as long as they are in Season and fit to eat yet never received the least Injury or Inconvenience by them though I
am now Sixty Years of Age. And when I was at Florence and had a Fever there an English Physician prescribed the Pulp of Cucumber in Broth for me whereby I was much refreshed and relieved But when they are eaten raw they must be cut into thin Slices and sprinkled with Salt and beat betwixt two Dishes so that the Watery Humour may be drained from them After add Vinegar Pepper and Oyl to them And being so order'd they are very grateful to the Palate and Stomach and undoubtedly not unwholsom The small ones pickled with Salt Pepper and Vinegar Dill and Cloves are kept all the Year and are very good to provoke Appetite and cool an hot Stomach Wild Cucumber in Latin Cucumis silvestris Elaterium is made of the Juice of it pressed out and inspissated It purges Flegm and Watery Humours upwards and downwards It moves the Courses and kills the Child in the Womb wherefore it is seldom used especially for that it is accompanied with Malignity 'T is the most durable of all Juices for it is supposed to continue good above an hundred Years A certain Emperick cured several People of Dropsies by giving them two Pills of the bigness of a Vetch made of Wheaten Flower and this Juice Afterwards he washed their Legs with a Lotion made of the Stalks and then he gave the Pills again and so perfected the Cure Common Cudweed in Latin Gnaphalium vulgare majus Many small Stalks arise from the same Root about half a Foot or nine Inches high upright hoary downy branchy at top It has many Leaves disorderly placed downy narrow and oblong much less than the Leaves of Lavender press'd to the Stalks for the most part whereunto they grow without Foot-stalks Among the Leaves grow small Flowers of a brownish yellow Colour After the Flowers come small Seeds wrap'd in Down It grows every where in dry and barren Grounds The distill'd Water of it is of excellent use for Cancers especially of the Breast for it hinders their Growth and prevents their Breaking Rags being dipped in it and applied to them But some dip the Leaves of Asarabacca in the Water and apply them to Cancers 'T is of a drying and astringent Nature The Country-people in the West of England use the Herb infus'd in Oyl to take off Black and Blue Bruises and Stripes It also stops the Courses Currant-bush in Latin Ribes Currants are cold and moist and provoke Appetite allay the Heat of the Stomach quench Thirst and therefore are good in Fevers They temper the Heat of the Liver and Choler and resist Putrefaction Cypress-trees in Latin Cupressus The Wood of Cypress is very lasting The Doors of the Temple of Ephesus were made of it and lasted four Ages And the Gates of St. Peter at Rome were made of this Wood and continued sound and fresh from the Time of Constantine the Great to Eugenius the fourth Pope which was about Six hundred Years 'T is used in making Tables and Chests and Musical Instruments and the like It has a very curious Smell which continues to many Ages The Fruit and Leaves are dry and astringent The Decoction of the Leaves in sweet Wine helps the Strangury and a Cough Short-windedness Fluxes of the Belly Spitting of Blood and Ruptures The Powder of the Leaves provokes Urine The Leaves beaten with Figs soften Tumours and are good in the King's-Evil applied outwardly Take of the Tops of Cypress eight Handfuls of the Whites of Eggs beaten two Pints of Cinnamon half an Ounce cut them small and pour upon them four Quarts of New Milk distil them carefully in a common Still Take six Ounces of the Water thrice a Day This is used in a Diabetes D. WIld English Dâ—ffadil in Latin Narcissus Anglicus The Root is bulbous composed of many Coats of a moderate Bigness it tastes and feels clammy 't is sweetish but leaves behind it some Bitterness The Leaves are long of a light-Light-green The Stalk is an Hand or nine Inches high channel'd and hollow upon the top of which is one Flower bending downward about two Inches long consisting of six pale Leaves The Seed is at first broadish and afterwards round It grows in several Places near Hedges especially in moist Ground and in Woods The Root is Vomitive The Leaves bruised are proper in an Erisipelas The Greater Wild White Daisies in Latin Bellis major The Root is fibrous and creeping of an acrid Taste sending forth many Stalks nine Inches high or higher five-angled solid branching and it has many oblong fat and indented Leaves with obtuse Points The Flowers cast forth Beams of Brightness they are white in the Circumference in the middle yellow and large composed of many small yellow Flowers divided into five little Pieces with a small Pillar in the middle of each The Leaves of the Cups have a blackish Fringe It flowers in May and June It grows frequently in Pastures The whole Herb Stalks Leaves and Flowers boyl'd in Posset-drink and drunk is accounted an excellent Remedy for an Asthma Consumption and Difficulty of Breathing 'T is very good in Wounds and Ulcers taken inwardly or outwardly applied A Decoction of the Herb cures all Diseases that are occasion'd by drinking cold Beer when the Body is hot The Lesser Daisie or Common Wild Daisie in Latin Bellis minor It grows in Meadows and Pastures There is some Difference amongst Writers about the Temperament of this Plant. Some say it is hot and dry Others say it is cold and moist But it s sharp Taste argues Frigidity and the Effects of it Siccity Both the Greater and the Lesser are excellent Wound-herbs 'T is used outwardly in Plasters and Fomentations and inwardly in Vulnerary Potions and upon that Account it is called in the Shops the Lesser Comfrey Women usually give the Herb and the Flower to Children to loosen their Bellies The Roots are used outwardly with very good Success in the King's-Evil 'T is commonly reported that the Roots of the Lesser Daisie boyl'd in Milk and given to Whelps hinder their Growth Take of the Lesser Daisie Comfrey Marshmallows each three Handfuls Clivers two Handfuls Liquorish one Ounce half an Ounce of Anniseeds four Nutmegs boyl all being shred sliced and bruis'd in six Pints of Water till half is wasted after strain it and dissolve in it four Ounces of Sugar and clarifie it This is good in Ulcers of the Bladder Dandalyon in Latin Dens-leonis It has many long Leaves much jagged lying on the Ground the Middle-rib is white and full of bitter Milk The Root is as thick as a Little Finger and is full of Milk The Stalks are naked and empty and sometimes hairy Each of them bears at the top a large yellow Flower The Down at the top is as round as a Ball and is soon blown away by the Wind or Breath It grows commonly in Gardens Courts and Meadows 'T is Epatick and much of the same Virtue with Endive and is also Diuretick Take of fresh Horse-dung four
Week and is clear drink of it for your ordinary Drink This is frequently used for the Scurvy and is an excellent Diet-drink The Dock called Monk's-Rubarb or Garden-patience in Latin Hippo-lapathum 'T is sometimes as high as a Man The Stalk is channel'd and reddish above it is divided into many Sprigs The Leaves are a Foot or a Foot and an half broad and pointed of a dull green Colour The Root is thick long and has many Fibres and of a Saffron-colour The Leaves come out in March and it flowers about June The Root purges Choler and watery-Humours Take of the dried Root one Dram of Ginger one Scruple Those that use it for Rubarb take a double quantity The Root expels Gravel Take Dock-roots prepar'd and Polypody each one Ounce Sena ten Drams Rubarb six Drams Monks-Rubarb five Drams Yellow Sanders two Drams Salt of Wormwood and Scurvy-grass each one Dram cut and bruise them and put them into a Glass with Snail-water and White-wine each one Pint and an half stop the Glass and set it in a Cellar twenty four Hours Take six Ounces of it or more according as it works every Morning This is good for the Itch. Dodder in Latin Cuscuta This fawning Parasite and ungrateful Guest hugs the Herb it hangs upon with its long Threads and reddish Twigs and so closely embraces it that at length it defrauds the hospitable Herb of its Nourishment and destroys it by its treacherous Embraces It has no Leaves The Flowers are placed thick at several Distances or Intervals Each of them consists of four small acute Leaves that are thick and full of Juice This Plant has no need of a large Description for it is distinguish'd from all other Plants by having no Leaves nor Root when it is grown up consisting only of long Threads by which it encompasses the neighbouring Plants and sucks away their Nourishment Upon which Account the Country-people in Sussex call it Hell-weed or The Devil's Guts And so much for the Vices of this Plant. 'T is suppos'd to participate of the Plant it adheres to So that which grows to Broom is reckon'd Diuretick that is counted moist which sticks to Flax that astringent which climbs Madder that which grows on Nettles is very Diuretick 'T is hot dry and cleansing It opens Obstructions and purges Melancholy is of good use in the Itch for the Black Jaundice and Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen But that which grows on Nettles is prefer'd before all the other in Physick Take of Dodder of Thime and of Rubarb each one Dram and an half of Sena three Drams of Yellow Sanders half a Dram of Coriander-seeds two Scruples of Salt of Wormwood half a Dram of Celtick Spike one Scruple infuse them in a close Vessel all Night in four Ounces of White-wine and Water of Apples To five Ounces of the strain'd Liquor add six Drams of Syrup of Dodder of Thyme and two Drams of Aqua-mirabilis mingle them and make a Potion For those that are difficult to purge add a Dram or two Drams of the Fibres of Black Hellebore infus'd in Vinegar This is an excellent Purge for melancholy People Common Drop-wort or Filipendula in Latin Filipendula It has many Roots black without and white within The Fibres of it are bulbous It has many Leaves at the Roots they are long wing'd and indented almost like Burnet-Saxifrage The Stalk is most commonly single upright nine Inches or a Foot high or higher channell'd branchy with a few Leaves on it The Flowers are placed on the top of the Stalk in a Tuft they smell sweet and are white they consist of seven Leaves Eleven or twelve Seeds more or less are placed in the form of a Star It grows in Meadows and Hilly Pastures The Root attenuates and is somewhat astringent A Decoction of it provokes Urine and expels Gravel It cures the Heat of Urine and takes off the Difficulty of it The Powder of the Root and the Juice of it is commended by some in the Falling-Sickness 'T is excellent for the Whites and the immoderate Flux of the Child-bed-Purgations The Dose is one Dram of the Root in Wine It also cures the Bloody Flux and Ruptures Common Dove's-foot or Crane's-bill in Latin Geranium Columbinum vulgare It has several small round pale-pale-green Leaves cut in about the Edges like Mallows They are placed upon long reddish hairy Stalks lying on the Ground among which rise up two or three or more reddish jointed slender weak and hairy Stalks with some such like Leaves thereon but smaller and more cut in It has many very small bright red Flowers of five Leaves a-piece after which follow small Heads with small short Beaks pointing forth as all other Sorts of this Kind of Herbs have 'T is very Vulnerary either outwardly applied or taken inwardly It stops a Flux of Blood and resolves coagulated Blood It cleanses Wounds and Ulcers It expels Gravel and eases the Pain of the Cholick The Powder of the Root and Leaves taken in Wine is very effectual for curing Ruptures The Dove's-foot callet Herb-Robert and in Latin Geranium Robertianum has the same Virtues with this above-describ'd Dragons in Latin Dracontium 'T is easily known being speckl'd like a Snake It flowers in July 'T is hot and dry astringent and of an acrid Taste 'T is something of the Nature of Cuckow-pint 'T is good in Coughs Catarrhs and Convulsions The Leaves are good for Ulcers and Venomous Bitings The distill'd Water is good in the Plague and Pestilential Fevers Take of Dragon-water and Wood-Sorrel-water each four Ounces of Compound-Scordium-water two Ounces of Treacle-water and Bezoartick-water each one Ounce of Prepar'd Pearl one Dram of Syrup of Gillyflowers two Ounces of Spirit of Vitriol twelve Drops make a Julep The Dose is three Ounces often in a Day This is used in the Plague Duck's-meat in Latin Lenticula palustris This grows in Standing-waters and is full of shining round Leaves green above and black below They are joyn'd together with white small Threads It often covers all the Water it grows in 'T is Cooling and good in Inflammations It also cures Children's Ruptures An Infusion of it in White-wine cures the Jaundice infallibly six Ounces of it being taken every Morning for nine Days Ducks feed upon it very much E. EArth-nut in Latin Bulbocastanum The Root is Tuberous white and solid with small Fibres at the Bottom and Sides It has a sweetish and pleasant Taste It grows deep in the Ground The Leaves are cut more sharp than the Leaves of Parsley The Stalk is single round channel'd with one Leaf growing to it Most commonly before it divides it self into Branches at every Division of the Stalk a Leaf is plac'd much more cut than those that rise from the Root The Flowers are white and very small This is one of the Umbeliferous Plants so called because they sustain their Flowers by long Foot-stalks in a Circle The Seeds are small and somewhat long
last the Lammas-Plum the White Pear-Plum and Damascens Pumpion in Latin Pepo 'T is cold and very moist It provokes Urine the Nourishment of it is very small The Seed is one of the four greater Cold Seeds Purflain in Latin Portulaca 'T is cold and moist It provokes Appetite It cures Heat of Urine and Running of the Reins The Juice mix'd with Oyl of Roses cures Burns and Inflammations 'T is good for Coughs and Shortness of Breath Q. QVince-tree in Latin Malus Cydonia The Fruit is very agreeable to the Stomach 'T is astringent and cures Spitting of Blood the Bloody-Flux and all other Fluxes The Mucilage of the Seeds extracted with Spawn of Frog's-water is an excellent Gargarism in Fevers The Syrup of Quinces is made in the following manner Take of the Juice six Pints boyl half away add three Pounds of Sugar and make a Syrup The Dose is one Ounce in some proper Water Marmalade of Quinces is made in the following manner Pare the Quinces cut them and take out the Core weigh them and put them into cold Water take the same quantity of Sugar and dissolve it with a little Water boyl it and take off the Scum then put in the Quinces and set them on a gentle Fire close cover'd till they are of a good Colour then uncover them then increase the Fire and boyl them to a Jelly R. RAdish in Latin Raphanus sativus 'T is oftner used in the Kitchin than for Medicine but it is good for the Stone and to force Urine It strengthens the Stomach and helps Concoction Horse Radish in Latin Raphanus Rusticanus It provokes Appetite but it hurts the Head It expels Gravel and forces Urine and is commended for Coughs and is reckon'd a Specifick in the Scurvy The Compounded Water of it is much in use and is made in the following manner Take of the Leaves of Garden and Sea-Scurvy-grass gather'd in the Spring-time each six Pounds beat them and press out the Juice mingle with it the Juice of Water-cresses and Brook-lime each a Pint and an half of the best White-wine four Quarts twelve Limons sliced of the fresh Roots of Briony four Pounds of Horse-Radish-roots two Pounds of Wake-Robin-roots half an Ounce of Winteran Bark and Nutmegs each four Ounces infuse them three Days and then distil them The Dose is two Ounces Take one Spoonful of the Shavings of Horse-Radish-roots twelve Leaves of Scurvy-grass twenty Raisins of the Sun stoned put them into a Quart of Beer let them stand close stop'd all Night drink of it the next Day at Meals and at any other time This has done much good in the Scurvy Common Rag-wort in Latin Jacobaea vulgaris The Root has many large white Fibres that stick fast in the Ground It has many times several Stalks and sometimes but one they are round channel'd sometimes smooth sometimes downy three Foot high and sometimes higher divided at the top into Branches It has many long and large green Leaves lying on the Ground of a dark-green Colour rent and torn in the Sides into many Pieces The Leaves on the Stalks are the same The Flowers are yellow and consist of many Leaves when they are ripe they turn into Down The Seed is very small It cures Ulcers Inflammations and a Fistula Being applied hot to the Belly in form of a Cataplasm it cures the Gripes Raspberry-bush in Latin Rubus Idaeus The Berries are very cordial and taste very well The Syrup of it is very good in Fevers and is made in the following manner Take of the Clarified Juice and of Sugar equal Parts make a Syrup Take of the Syrup of Rasp-berries and July flowers each two Ounces of the Juice of Kermes one Ounce make a Mixture Take a Spoonful every Morning This is a Cordial for Women before Delivery Rest-harrow or Camock in Latin Anonis It spreads its Root far and near they are white and hard to break The Stalks are woody and three or four Foot high round hairy and reddish sometimes it has Prickles and sometimes not The Flowers grow at the top like Pease-blossoms Small round Cods contain the Seeds The Bark of the Root and the Root it self provokes Urine and expels Gravel and eases the Pain of the Teeth and opens Obstructions of the Liver being infus'd in Wine or boyl'd in Posset-drink and taken inwardly for some time Rie in Latin Secale 'T is the next Corn in goodness to Wheat Bread made of it is black and heavy and hard to digest and it purges and gripes those that are not used to it but it keeps moist longer than Wheaten Bread The course Flower of it put into a Cloth and applied to the Head cures inveterate Head-aches and so applied is good for Mad People Rocket or Winter-Cresses in Latin Barbarea It has an oblong white thick Perennial Root of an acrid Taste The Stalks are a Cubit high channel'd strong and full of Pith with many Wings wherein the Leaves are lesser than those of Radish and resembling the Leaf of Cresses at the Extremity of it by extream Jags they are of a dark-green Colour and shine they do not taste so quick as the Root From the Wings of the Leaves towards the Top-stalks come many small Branches whereon as also on the Top-stalk small yellow Flowers consisting of four Leaves run up into long Ears The Cods are small round and about an Inch long pressed to the Stalks wherein are small Seeds of a brown Colour The whole Plant is smooth The Flowers are placed on short Foot-stalks It grows near Ditches and Rivers and Running-waters and sometimes also on plow'd Grounds It flowers in May and June 'T is acrid and hot and much of the same Virtue with Cresses 'T is mix'd with Sallets especially in the Winter-time when Cresses are scarce wherefore 't is called Winter-Cress 'T is good in the Scurvy The Juice of it is mix'd with Ointments to cleanse sordid and impure Ulcers The Seed is Lithontriptick and Diuretick Wild Rocket in Latin Eruca sylvestris The Root is white thick and long and has many Stalks with many Wings they are channel'd and a little hairy The Leaves are cut in like Dandelion they are smooth and of a deep green Colour and taste hot The Flowers are yellow It has long angled upright Cods The Seeds are like the Seeds of Wild Mustard they are acrid and bitterish It grows upon and about Walls and among Rubbish 'T is hot and dry 'T is chiefly used to stimulate Venery and for Preservation against Apoplexies Outwardly applied it extracts Splinters of Bones The Rose in Latin Rosa There are several sorts of Roses The Red Rose the Damask-Rose the Damask-Province-Rose the Dog-Rose the Pimpernel-Rose the Greater Apple-Rose the Single Cinnamon-Rose the Double Cinnamon-Rose the Wild Briar or Muscovy the Virginian Briar-Rose the White Rose the Musk-Rose the Ever-green Rose the Single Yellow Rose the Double Yellow Rose the Monthly Rose the Monday-Rose the Franc-fort-Rose the Hungarian Rose the York and Lancaster
the Light of this Bark They put it into a cleft Stick which serves for a Candle-stick and so they see how to use their Three-teeth'd Spear for killing Fish In Alsatia the best Hoops are made of Birch The Leaves are hot and dry cleansing resolving opening and bitter For which Reason they are of no small use in a Dropsie and the Itch and the like The Bark is Bituminous and is therefore mix'd with Perfumes that are to correct the Air. The Fungus of it has an astringent Quality upon which Account it stops Blood miraculously This Tree in the Beginning of Spring before the Leaves come forth being pierced yields plentifully a sweet and potulent Juice which Shepherds when they are thirsty often drink in the Woods Tragus Helmont Charleton and others commend the Virtue and Efficacy of this Liquor and not undeservedly for the Stone in the Kidnies and Bladder for Bloody Urine and the Strangury This Tree begins to yield its Juice about the Middle of February and sometimes not till the Beginning of March. Tragus also commends it for the Jaundice Some wash their Faces with it to take off Spots and to beautifie Dr. Needham cured Scorbutick Consumptions with it He used to mix with it good Wine and Honey Rennet infused in the Juice preserves the Cheese from Worms says Tragus The Juice of Birch cures Warts and Pimples in the Face if it be washed with it in the Day time Morning and Evening and permitted to dry on The Greater Bistort or Snake-weed in Latin Bistorta major The Stalks are sometimes more than two Foot high small smooth and jointed at the Top whereon are Ears of Flowers of a Flesh-colour and being unfolded they consist of five small Leaves with Tufts of the same Colour in the middle The Seed is brown or almost black and triangular The Leaves are smaller than those of sharp-pointed Dock above of a dark-green Colour below gray The Root represents a crooked Finger is red and very astringent 'T is common in the Meadows and Pastures about Sheffeild in Yorkshire and in several other Places of that County It grows also plentifully in some Meadows about Tamworth and Fasely in Warwickshire It cools and dries The Root of it is very astringent harsh alexipharmick and Sudorifick 'T is chiefly used to take off Vomiting and to prevent Abortion and the like The Powder of the Root mixed with Conserve of Roses does wonderfully stop Spitting of Blood and the Bloody Flux and other Fluxes It stops the Courses when they are immoderate The Powder sprinkled upon Wounds stops the Blood Take of the Roots of Bistort and Tormentil each one Ounce of the Leaves of Meadow-sweet Burnet Wood-Sorrel each one handful of Burnt Harts-horn two Drams of Shavings of Harts-horn and Ivory each two Drams Boyl them in three Pints of Fountain-water to two add towards the End three Ounces of Red Roses strain them The Dose is six Spoonfuls often in a Day Vpright Blite in Latin Blitum erectius It has a red and single Root with some small Fibres It roots deep in the Earth if the Place be agreeable to it otherwise it is fibrous The Stalk is nine Inches high channell'd smooth solid sending forth many Branches near the Earth longer than the very Stalks The Leaves are plac'd sometimes opposite to one another but oftner alternately Their Foot-stalks are an Inch long smooth and not so frequent as in other Blites The Leaves resemble the Leaves of Wild-Marjoram but they are somewhat bigger from the Wings whereof and from the Extremities of the Branches come forth small purple Flowers in Clusters The Seed is small and black It grows plentifully upon Dung-hills in hop-Hop-grounds and upon fat Earth It mollifies cools and tastes insipid Blue-Bottles in Latin Cyanus The Root is woody and fibrous It has many Stalks a Foot and an half or two Foot high they have Angles are hoary and divided into Branches The lowermost Leaves have sharp Jags like Scabious or Dandelion the other are long and as broad as a Blade of Grass and have Nerves that run along them They are Sky-colour'd or whitish The Flowers come from little Heads that are compos'd of Scales they consist of little jagged Horns and are commonly of a Sky-colour sometimes white or of a light red or purple The Seed is contain'd in the little Head of the Flower The whole Plant tastes dry and somewhat nauseous and has no good Smell It grows commonly among Corn. The Flowers and the distill'd Water are useful for Inflammations of the Eyes and for the Blearedness of them The Juice of the Flowers distill'd is good for putrid Ulcers The Powder of it taken inwardly is very effectual in the Jaundice The Flowers infus'd in Spirit of Wine or in common Water impart their Colour to the Liquor and they also colour Sugar very curiously as do the Flowers of Succory and the like Borrage in Latin Borrago 'T is very cordial and the Flower is one of the four Cordial-Flowers The distill'd Water and the Conserve of the Flowers comfort the Heart relieve the Faint chear the Melancholy and purifie the Blood This Herb is suppos'd to be Homer's Nepenthe by the Juice whereof mix'd with Wine he was wont to expel Sorrow The Water of it is good for Inflammations of the Eyes and for all Fevers as is also the Conserve of the Flowers The Conserve of the Flowers mix'd with Wine is said to open Women's Obstructions To chear the Heart Take of the Conserve of Borrage-Flowers one Ounce of the Confection of Alkermes two Drams mix them The Dose is the quantity of a Nutmeg two Hours after Meals drinking a Glass of Canary presently after it Box-tree in Latin Buxus This Tree is always green and full of Branches The Bark is white and rough The Substance of it is very hard and yellow and very heavy and without Pith. It has many Leaves they are smooth more obtuse than the Leaves of the Myrtle firm and sometimes concave and which is worth Observation they are double They smell pretty well but taste ill A great many of these Trees grow on Box-hill near Darking in Surrey 'T is seldom used in Physick The Oyl drawn from the Wood is much commended for the Falling-Sickness and Pains in the Teeth 'T is said the Decoction of the Wood cures the French-Pox as well as Guiacum 'T is chiefly used by Turners For the Pain of the Teeth drop two or three Drops of the Oyl upon a little Lint and stop the hollow Tooth with it and it will soon give Ease Bramble in Latin Rubus The Ancients attributed many Virtues to almost every part of this Plant. The Leaves the Buds the Flowers and the Fruit are astringent but the Fruit before it is ripe is very astringent wherefore it is good for Vomiting and all Fluxes 'T is good for Sore Mouths and is commended by some for the Scurvy and not without Reason for in quality and figure 't is like the Cloud-Berry of
excellent Lithontripick being powder'd and taken in Small Beer or Posset-drink The Leaves are applied outwardly to old Sores and to Burns The Seed powder'd and taken forty Days together cures the Hip-Gout 'T is said it provokes Venery Take of the Seeds of Bur-dock two Drams of Wild-Carrot-Seeds one Dram of Salt of Amber one Dram of Oyl of Nutmegs half a Scruple Balsamum Capivii a sufficient quantity make small Pills take four Morning and Evening This is a good Diuretick Medicine But the Root is chiefly us'd Take of the Roots of Bur-dock three Ounces of Sarsaparilla six Ounces of the Wood of Guaiacum three Ounces of the Bark of the same one Ounce of the Roots of Notty China three Ounces of Sassaphras one Ounce and an half of Harts-horn and Ivory rasp'd each one Ounce of Red and White Sanders and of the sweet-smelling Flag each six Drams of Raisins of the Sun ston'd one Handful of the Seeds of Anise and Fennel each half an Ounce Infuse them in eight Quarts of Fountain-water for twenty four Hours in B. M. and cover the Vessel close then boyl it with a gentle Fire till a third part of the Liquor is is consum'd towards the latter end of Boyling add of the Tops of Eye-bright Betony dried Sage and of the Cordial-Flowers each one Pugil of Woody Cassia half an Ounce of Nutmegs number two strain it for use Take half a Pint four times a Day Burnet in Latin Pimpinella vulgaris sive minor It has a long slender brown Root with some Fibres The Stalks are a Foot or two Foot high angl'd branchy and of a light red Colour At the top of the Branches are small Heads from whence arise small purplish Flowers The Seeds are short and four-square It has many long wing'd Leaves that lie on the Ground which consist of several small roundish Leaves green above and grayish underneath finely indented about the edges and set on each side of a Middle-rib It grows commonly on chalky Ground and in hilly Pastures 'T is Cordial and Alexipharmick The green Herb is put into Wine to chear the Heart and it renders it very pleasant by imparting an Aromatick Smell and Taste to it 'T is a good Preservative against the Plague and other contagious Diseases 'T is also astringent Of excellent use in immoderate Fluxes of the Courses and Belly and in all Hemorrhages and to dry and heal Wounds and Ulcers and the Biting of a Mad Dog The following Water was much us'd in the last London-Plague Take of the Tops of Burnet Rosemary Wormwood Sun-Dew Mugwort Dragon's Scabious Agrimony Balm Carduus Betony the Lesser Centory one Handful each of the Roots of Tormentil Angelica Peony Zedoary Liquorish and Elecampane each half an Ounce of the Leaves of Sage Celandine and Rue of the Leaves and Flowers of Marigolds each one Handful cut them and infuse them three Days in four Quarts of the best White-wine then distil them carefully and keep the Water for use The Dose was four Spoonfuls Butter-bur or Pestilent-wort in Latin Petasitis First it sends forth a Stalk about nine Inches high that is concave and downy with narrow sharp Leaves on it At the top is a long spiked Head of Flowers of a purplish Colour When the Flowers fade and the Stalks die large Leaves succeed like the Leaves of Colts-foot but twice or thrice as large or larger hook'd near the Foot-stalk they are almost round and indented about the Edges The Root is thick and bitter and creeps much It grows in moist places and near the Banks of Rivers the Spike and Flower flourish in April 'T is much us'd in Pestilential Fevers 'T is also reckon'd good in Coughs and for an Asthma It expels the broad Worms of the Belly and provokes Urine and the Courses 'T is outwardly applied to Bubo's and Malignant Ulcers 'T is us'd also to provoke Sweat and to expel Malignity Take of the Root of Bur-dock Virginian Snake-weed and Contrayerva each one Dram of Cochinell and Saffron each half a Dram make a Powder The Dose is half a Dram to be taken in a proper Water Butterwort or Yorkshire-Sanicle in Latin Pinguicula The Root has some white Fibres that are pretty large considering the smalness of the Plant. It does not grow deep Six or seven of the Leaves lie on the Earth and sometimes more of a pale yellow Green they look greasie and shine as if they were besmear'd in length two Inches and in breadth about one they are somewhat blunt at the Ends the Edges are smooth the upper part of the Leaf is cover'd with a very short Down which is scarcely seen Some Foot-stalks about an Hand high arise amongst the Leaves at the top of each is plac'd one purplish Flower of one Leaf divided into five parts It grows in marshy Places and on moist Hills The Leaves bruis'd and applied cure fresh Wounds Country-People cure Chaps in Cows Dugs and Chaps and Swellings on their Hands by anointing them with the fat Juice of this Herb. The Welsh make a Syrup of it wherewith they purge themselves They also boyl the Herb in Broth for the same purpose for it purges Flegm very briskly They also make an Ointment of it which is of excellent use for Obstruction of the Liver The Leaves beat and applied to Parts affected with Pain ease the Pain 'T is reckon'd Vulnerary and very good for Ruptures in Children C. CAbbage in Latin Brasica Warts anointed with the Juice of it are taken off in the space of fourteen Days The Leaves boil'd in Wine and applied to Ulcers and the Leprosie do much good And so great is the Virtue of it that the Urine of those that feed on it is very useful and proper for curing the Fistula Cancer Tetters and such like Diseases At the Beginning of an Inflammation of the Jaws when we design to cool and repel we make use of the Liquor of it A Person so over-run with the Scurvy that he could scarce go or stand and had Spots all over his Breast and Legs was cured by drinking daily three Pints of Wine wherein four handfuls of Red Cabbage had been infus'd with half a Dram of Ginger and two Drams of Cinnamon For a Pain in the Side apply a Leaf of it besmear'd with Butter hot to the Part affected having first sprinkl'd Powder of Cumin-seed upon it 'T is said Cabbage prevents Drunkenness Sea Cabbage or Colewort in Latin Brasica Marina It grows every where almost on the Sea-shore in England Our People in such places eat it preferring it before Garden-Cabbage Field Calamint in Latin Calamintha It springs up yearly with many Stalks which are two Foot high small four-square stiff and hairy they look reddish in Sunny Places they are branchy and bend downward The Leaves by Intervals are opposite one to the other small hairy with here and there a Jag they smell as strong as Penny-royal and almost as strong as Water-mint they are for the most part triangular
of this Drink for a pretty while he seldom heard of them any more Mr. Boyle prescrib'd one Ounce and an half of this Seed to a Gallon of Ale Celandine in Latin Chelidonium majus It has divers tender round light-green Stalks with greater Joints than ordinary in other Herbs they are very brittle branchy and have large tender long Leaves divided into many Parts and each of them cut in the Edges they are placed at the Joynts on both sides of the Branches of a dark-bluish green Colour above like Columbines of a pale bluish Green underneath They are full of yellow Sap which is of a bitter Taste and strong Smell At the tops of their Branches which are much divided grow yellow Flowers consisting of four Leaves After which come small long Pods with blackish Seeds therein The Root is pretty large at the Head shooting forth divers other long Roots and small Fibres reddish on the outside and full of yellow Sap within 'T is hot and dry It evacuates Choler by Urine and Stool and clears the Sight A Syrup made of the whole Herb is good in the Jaundice for Obstructions of the Liver Spleen and Kidnies It cures a Tetter called in Latin Herpes Miliaris effectually it being anointed with the Juice The Juice or distill'd Water of it outwardly applied strengthens the Eyes and cures Ulcers But because the Juice is very acrid it must be mix'd with those things that will abate its Acrimony A great quantity of the Juice is made use of in the Composition of Aqua Mirabilis which is made in the following manner Take of Cloves Galangal Cubeds Mace Cardamoms Nutmeg Ginger each one Dram of the Juice of Celendine half a Pint of Brandy one Pint of White-wine three Pints infuse them twenty four Hours and then distil a Quart in B. M. Celendine grows in shady and rough Places and amongst Rubbish The Lesser Celandine or Pile-wort in Latin Chelidonium minus 'T is a little Plant about an Hand 's breadth which has yearly a new Root Leaf and Flower The Root is inspid and partly round as an Onion and partly consisting of many white Fibres from whence arises a small Stalk near the Earth white above of a light Purple and at the bottom is a Joint from whence arise two Leaves opposite one to another with long Stalks that have a broad Beginning and are of a fleshy Colour and end narrow and green They are somewhat like Ivy-leaves but softer less and rounder they shine and are nervous and have sometimes white Spots as also those two that arise from the Root The Leaves upon the Stalks are much indented like the Leaves of Creeping-Ivy and they are commonly plac'd alternately and hang upon short green Foot-stalks At the top of the Branches is plac'd one Flower resembling that of Crowfoot consisting of eight or nine small Leaves of a Golden shining Colour The Cup consists of three little short Leaves and has in the middle many yellow Threads A little Head cover'd with Pricks succeeds the Flower of a yellowish green Colour compos'd of the Seeds It flowers at the Latter End of March or the Beginning of April in May the Leaves and Flowers vanish the Roots shoot forth the next Spring It grows in Meadows near Ditches and chiefly in wet Grounds It cools and moistens and is chiefly us'd for the Jaundice Scurvy and Bleeding of the Hemorrhoids Outwardly applied 't is a Specifick for Excrescencies in the Fundament and is much commended for Cleansing the Teeth and for preserving them from Putrefaction The Lesser Centory in Latin Centaurium minus The Root is small white and woody it creeps awry 'tis full of Twigs without Juice and insipid It has most commonly but one Stalk nine Inches or one Foot high smooth and firm Some of the Leaves lie on the Ground others are plac'd on the Stalk by Pairs one opposite to another larger than the Leaves of St. John's-wort smooth and green They have three great Nerves very conspicuous on the Underside running according to their Longitude There are many Flowers joyn'd together at the top of the Stalk and Branches but they have no Foot-stalk they are expanded from a long Tube into five sharp pieces resembling so many Leaves and they have five yellow Tops The Cup of the Flower is compos'd of five narrow acute small Leaves Long starvling little Heads succeed the Flowers full of Seeds like Sand. It flowers in July and is common in dry Pastures Gallen by reason of the wonderful and great Virtue of this Plant wrote a whole Book of it 'T is Splenetick and Hepatick bitter without Biting 't is Cleansing Opening and Vulnerary 'T is good in the Jaundice in Suppression of the Courses in the Gout and for Worms and is a Specifick for the Biting of a Mad Dog The Decoction of it is us'd with Success in Tertian-Agues wherefore 't is called by some the Febrifuge-Plant 'T is one of the Ingredients of the Bitter Drink so much us'd by the London-Physicians which is made in the following manner Take of the Tops of the Lesser Centory of the Flowers of Camomile each one Pugil of the Roots of Gentian half a Scruple of the Leaves of Sena and Carduus-seed each one Dram of Salt of Worm-wood ten Grains boyl them in a sufficient quantity of Fountain-water to four Ounces A Decoction of the Tops of it takes off Pimples Spots Morphew and other Diseases of the Skin A Lee made of it cleanses the Hair and makes it white A Man almost destroy'd by the Jaundice was cured by drinking every Morning a strong Decoction of this Herb. It will not grow in Gardens Common Wild Charvil in Latin Cerefolium Silvestre It has a woody single white Root and very small Fibres 't is as thick as the Little Finger The Taste of it is somewhat acrid It has sometimes one sometimes more Stalks They are a Cubit and an half high or higher round channel'd smooth and empty and knotted with joints plac'd at a great distance and they belly out under the Joints The Branches come out alternately at each Joint from the Wings of the Leaves This is one of the Plants that are called Umbelliferous The Flowers are small and white and consist of five Leaves and so many white Threads The Seeds are oblong smooth and blackish when they are ripe of a sweet and Aromatick Taste The Leaves are softer and cut sharper than the Leaves of Parsly of an Aromatick Smell and Taste and of a pale-green Colour and sometimes a little red The Foot-stalks are often red and somewhat hairy Tho' we said the Leaves grow alternately upon the Stalks yet at the top they are plac'd by Pairs And from the Wings of these two Branches rise which is common to most other Umbelliferous Plants It flowers in May Soon after the Seed is ripe it withers away It springs again in the Autumn and is green all the Winter Charvil especially that which grows in Gardens is hot and dry and
Common-Garden Clary in Latin Horminum The Stalk is two Foot high and higher about the bigness of the Little Finger four-square stiff and hairy and full of white Pith. The Leaves are large hairy and whitish very much wrinkled from a large Basis they end by degrees in a blunt Point they are somewhat indented about the Edges They are plac'd on long Foot-stalks especially the lower which come out of the Earth those of the Stalks are placed by Pairs opposite to one another The Flowers are set upon long Spikes on the top of the Stalks and Branches they are compos'd of many Whirls they are of a light blue Colour The Seed is pretty large and smooth and of a brownish Colour The Root is single and woody and consists of many Fibres The Smell of the whole Plant is very strong the Taste is bitter It grows in Gardens It flowers in June or July Wine fermented with it is very agreeable to a cold Stomach 'T is also good for barren Women and for those that are troubl'd with the Whites The Herb powder'd and applied to the Nostrils provokes Sneazing and cures a Catarrh and purges the Head A Decoction of it in Water provokes the Courses and expels the After-birth Cakes made of it are reckon'd good to strengthen the Reins and to stimulate Venery The Musilage of the Seeds is proper for Diseases of the Eyes 'T is also said to be good for the Falling-sickness and Mother-fits The Seed put into the Eyes takes away Motes Cloud-berry Knot-berry or Knout-berry in Latin Chamamorus It rises up with slender brownish Stalks not a Foot high set with four or five large Leaves one above another at several winged winged Joints each of them divided into five parts and each of them pretty much indented and jagg'd rough and as it were crumpled Each of them is plac'd on a long Foot-stalk which at the Joints have two small pieces like Ears set thereat Every Stalk has one Flower set at the top of it consisting of five roundish pointed Leaves of a dark purple Colour after which follows a large Berry like a Mulberry of a reddish Colour when ripe and is of a sowrish sweet Taste The Root creeps much and far shooting forth small Fibres at the knotty Joints whereby it is fastned in the Ground and from thence divers new Stalks shoot 'T is said that in Norway they have so great an Opinion of the Virtues of Knot-berry for curing the Scurvy and such like Diseases that they remove their Scorbutick People to a neighbouring Island where only such inhabit and there they are forc'd to abide till they recover their Health and having no other Provision allow'd them they feed on these Berries whereby they are infallibly cur'd within a few Days But this sort of Remedy can be only us'd in Summer-time Clowns-all-heal in Latin Panax Coloni It has a jointed creeping Root it bunches out The Stalks are five or six Foot high somewhat reddish hairy rough and four-square and empty The Leaves are placed at the Joints by Pairs opposite to one another they are sharp hairy soft except the Rib of the Under-side which is reddish and a little rough they are indented about the Edges they have a strong Smell and bitterish Taste The Flowers are spiked and consist of several Whirls each of them is hooded and purplish The Lip is of several Colours in the Cup of the Flower which is short and divided into five acute Pieces The Seeds grow four by four black shining and triangular It grows in watery Places and near Rivers Our Gerard wonderfully extols the Efficacy of this Herb in curing Wounds He beats it up with Lard and applies it to the fresh Wound A Syrup made of it is an excellent Remedy for Hoarsness Colâ—y-flower in Latin Brasica florida This has the same Virtues with the Common Cabbage Common Colts-foot in Latin Tussilago The Leaves are roundish have many Angles and are like Butter-Bur-leaves but much lesser under whitish above green with a little Cotton upon them which may be easily rub'd off with the Fingers From the same come several Stalks an Hand and sometimes nine Inches high concave reddish and have Cotton on them and little Leaves much unlike those that come from the Root namely long sharp thin and without Foot-stalks plac'd alternately and press'd to the Stalk Each of them sustain a yellow Flower consisting of abundance of small Leaves The Roots are small and white and creep much The Flowers and Stalks wither soon but not in a Day or two as some have said upon which Account it has been supposed to have neither Flower nor Cup. It grows in watery Places The fresh Leaves are applied outwardly to hot Ulcers and Inflammations but being dried are pretty acrid and hot The Fume of them receiv'd into the Mouth through a Tunnel and swallow'd down or smoak'd in a Tobacco-pipe is good for a Cough Difficulty of Breathing and an Ulcer of the Lungs A Syrup prepar'd of the Leaves is good for the same Use Mr. Boyle says That the Leaves powder'd with Saffron and Amber and smoak'd in a Pipe have cur'd a Consumption The whitish Down which grows to the Root being cleans'd from it and wrapped in a Rag and boyl'd a little in Lee adding a little Salt-Petre and after dried in the Sun makes the best Tinder Take of the Leaves of Colts-foot Ground-Ivy Maiden-hair Harts-horn rasp'd Water-Hemp Agrimony of each one Handful of the Roots of Charvil and Butcher's Broom each one Ounce of the Seeds of Bastard Saffron of Sweet Fennel-Seed each half an Ounce boyl them in three Quarts of Fountain-water to the Consumption of half adding towards the End three Drams of Liquorish and two Ounces of Raisins of the Sun ston'd and six Jujubes or three Ounces of the best Hony clarified Make an Apozem The Dose is four Ounces hot twice or thrice in a Day This is good for Coughs Columbine in Latin Aquilegia The Seed candied is commended for Obstructions of the Bowels and for Giddiness One Dram of the Seed powder'd and taken in Wine with Saffron cures the Jaundice if the Sick keep in Bed and sweat The distill'd Water of it discusses inward Tumours expels Poison and eases the Gripes The Seed of it finely powder'd and taken in Wine helps Delivery If the first Draught does not do the Business repeat it But it is most frequently us'd in Gargarisms to cleanse the Teeth and to cure the Scurvy and Ulcers of the Mouth and Jaws Take of the Leaves of Columbine two Handfuls of White-Pepper one Dram boyl them in a Quart of Posset-drink till half is wasted Make a Gargarism Great Comfrey in Latin Consâ—lida major It grows in moist and good Ground The Root is thick and full of Sprigs and very clammy and taste insipid The Stalks are two Foot and an half high and higher a Finger thick empty hairy and rough The Flowers are many together upon the Tops of the Stalks and Branches of a
two Pounds of Common Oyl four Pints let them boyl together till the watery Part of the Mucilage is evaporated then add one Pound of Yellow Wax Rosin half a Pound Turpentine two Ounces boyl them to the Consistence of an Ointment Vervain Mallow in Latin Alcea vulgaris It has a woody Perennial Root which sends forth many Stalks three or four Foot high or higher they are round fill'd with a fungous Pith and hairy the Hairs are few and long they are cover'd with a Sky-colour'd Dust which may be easily wiped off The Leaves that come from the Root and the lowermost on the Stalks are somewhat round and indented about the Edges and are placed on long Foot-stalks Those that are on the Stalks are placed alternately the nearer they approach to the Top so much shorter are their Foot-stalks and they are cut in deeper There are most commonly five large Jags almost like the Leaves of Monk's-hood they are of a dark-green Colour and hairy especially on the Underside A Flower is placed in every Wing of the Leaves and has an hairy four-square Foot-stalk and there is great Abundance of them on the Stalks and upon the tops of the Branches they are large and of a purple Colour and consist of five channel'd Leaves jointed at the bottom The Cup is hairy and divided into five Parts under which there are three narrow Leaves that come together when the Flower falls and make a Receptacle for the Seeds which are hairy and black when they come to maturity joyn'd together they represent a Cheese It grows frequently among Bushes 'T is reckon'd amongst Emplastick and Emollient Medicines And as it is like so it agrees in Virtue with the Mallow 'T is much commended by Empericks for curing Dimnness of Sight A Decoction of it is good for the Gripes The Great Maple commonly call'd the Sycamore-tree tho' falsly in Latin Acer majus I think it does not grow of its own accord amongst us yet it is so frequent in Courts and Church-yards and about Gentlemen's Houses that it may be well reckon'd amongst those that are ours by Adoption At the Beginning of spring when the buds grow big but before they unfold themselves into Leaves this Tree being cut in the Trunk Branches or Roots yields plentifully like the Birch-tree a sweet Liquor fit to be drunk Also in the Autumn presently after the Leaves fall off And in the Winter too when it is cold and somewhat frosty for we have observ'd in this Tree and in the Lesser Maple and also in the Walnut tree cut or bored that after a Frosty Night when the Sun shines clear if the Frost has not been too violent the Juice flows plentifully when the Sun has been up two or three Hours especially about Noon And after a long and hard Frost just when the Frost begins to break it flows most of all Garden Marigold in Latin Calendula sativa The Flowers are Cordial Hepatick and Alexipharmick and provoke Sweat and the Courses and hasten Delivery The distill'd Water drop'd into the Eyes or Rags wet in it and applied to them cures the Redness and Inflammation of them Take of Conserve of Marigold-flowers two Ounces Confection of Alkermes and of Hyacinth each two Drams of Pearl powder'd one Ounce of Syrup of the Juice of Citron a sufficient quantity make a Confection Take the quantity of a Nutmeg Night and Morning This is very Cordial and refreshes the Spirits Marjoram in Latin Majorana It digests and attenuates 'T is good in cold Diseases of the Head taken any way The Powder of the dried Herb drawn up into the Nostrils provokes Sneezing Take of the Leaves of Marjoram Rosemary and Sage each half a Dram of Tobacco one Dram of White Hellebore and Ginger each one Scruple of Musk two Grains make a Sneezing-powder Master-wort in Latin Imperatoria 'T is Alexipharmick and Sudorifick It expels Wind and is excellent in the Cholick 'T is chiefly used for the Biting of venomous Creatures and malignant Diseases It helps Expectoration and cures a Stinking Breath and is good for Flegmatick Diseases of the Head a Palsie Apoplexy and the like Half a Spoonful of the Powder of it taken in Wine an Hour before the Fit comes is said to cure a Quartan-Ague 'T is also counted very good for the Dropsie and long Fevers A piece of the Root put into an hollow Tooth eases the Pain 'T is in Shape and Virtue much like Angelica Maudlin in Latin Ageratum vulgare It agrees in Virtue and Temperament with Costmary Stinking May-weed in Latin Cotula foetida The Root is single white and has many Fibres It has sometimes but one Stalk sometimes more they are a Foot high round and smooth or with a short Down they are full of Branches which come from the Wings of the Leaves and grow higher than the Stalks The Leaves are placed alternately they are cut into narrow and sharp Jags and are of a pale-pale-green Colour they stink Upon the top of the Stalks and Branches grow pretty large Flowers they are placed upon long Foot-stalks their Leaves are white the Dish or Bottom is yellow when the Flowers fade the Dish grows round It grows commonly amongst Corn and in Till'd Grounds The Decoction of this Herb is used by some successfully for the King's-Evil Meadow-sweet in Latin Vlmaria The Fibres of the Roots are reddish and woody The Stalk is three Foot high or higher upright angular smooth reddish firm and branchy The Leaves grow to the Stalk alternately by Intervals they are broad and wing'd and deeply indented about the Edges they are rough hard and crumpl'd like Elm-leaves above they are green underneath white they smell and taste pleasantly Tufts of white Flowers stand thick together on the tops of the Stalks and Branches they smell sweeter than the Leaves The Seeds are oblong naked and crooked It grows in moist Meadows and on the Banks of Brooks 'T is Sudorifick and Alexipharmick 'T is good in Fluxes of all Kinds for a Loosness the Bloody Flux the Flux of the Courses and for Spitting of Blood and also in the Plague The Leaves put into Wine or Beer impart a pleasant Taste to it 'T is an Ingredient in the Milk-Water called Aqua Lactis alexiteria which is made in the following manner Take of the Leaves of Meadow-sweet Carduus B. and Goat's-Rue each six Handfuls of Mint and common Wormwood each five Handfuls of Rue three Handfuls of Angelica two Handfuls bruise them and add to them three Gallons of New Milk distil them in a cold Still Medlar-tree in Latin Mespilus Medlars stop Vomiting and all Fluxes of the Belly Melilot in Latin Melilotus The Root is white small clammy and has short Fibres It has many Stalks two or three Foot high or higher smooth round channel'd empty weak and branchy The Leaves are placed alternately by Intervals three on one Foot-stalk about an Inch and an half long The Leaves are oblong smooth indented and most times gnaw'd about
the edges and of a dull green Colour The Flowers are placed on long Spikes that come from the Wings of the Leaves they are small and yellow Short hanging wrinkl'd Cods succeed them that are black when they are ripe The Seed is yellowish It flowers in June and July and grows amongst Bushes and sometimes with Corn. It digests mollifies and eases Pain for which purposes it is commonly used in Plasters and Cataplasms To ease the Pain in a Pleurifie the following Fomentation has been used with good Success Take of the Herb Melilot and true Pellitory each two Handfuls of Betony one Handful make a Decoction and apply it to the Breast often Melon in Latin Melo They are cold and moist and apt to putrifie in the Stomach and to occasion Fevers and Gripes The Seed is one of the Great Cold Seeds Take of Seeds of Melons and Pumpions each half an Ounce of the Seeds of White-Poppy two Drams eight Sweet Almonds blanch'd beat them in a Marble-Mortar and pour on them gradually a Pint and an half of Barly-water strain it and sweeten it with Fine Sugar make an Emulsion This is used to cure Heat of Urine Common English Mercury or All-good in Latin Bonus Henericus The Root is thick and yellowish and has some Fibres 't is acrid and bitter It sends forth many Stalks that are channel'd partly erect and partly supine they have a small Down on them and are a Foot or two Foot high The Leaves are triangular like Orache or Cuckow-pint above they are smooth under sprinkl'd with fine Flower they are placed upon long Foot-stalks joyn'd alternately to the Stalks they taste somewhat nitrous The little Flowers are placed on the Top-branches in Clusters on an Ear they are yellow and have Threads the come out of a five-leav'd Cup they are so very small that the Parts of them can scarce be discern'd The Seeds are small and black when they are ripe and in Figure like a Kidny they are either included in Membranaceous Bladders or in the Flowers It grows in Courts and Cross-ways and amongst Rubbish and also frequently with Pot-herbs It flowers in April and May. 'T is excellent for cleansing and healing sordid Ulcers The Leaves boyl'd with Pot-herbs and eaten render the Body loose It kills the Worms that are in the putrid Ulcers of Four-footed Beasts being bruised and applied to the Ulcers The whole Herb used in form of a Cataplasm mitigates the Pain of the Gout and there is no Danger to be fear'd from the Use of it in this Case for it does not repel but discusses and digests and besides is Anodine Which Qualities are rarely found in one Simple Take of Common English Mercury green without the Flowers four Handfuls of Camomile and Elder-flowers dried two Handfuls beat them grosly and boyl them in a sufficient quantity of Elder-water till they are very tender then mix with them of Gum-Caranna and Camphor each half an Ounce make a Cataplasm for the Gout Take of the Leaves of Mercury Marsh-mallows and Pellitory each one Handful of the Flowers of Camomile one Pugil of Carraway Cumin-seeds and Laurel-berries each one Ounce boyl them in clear Posset-drink to twelve Ounces of the strain'd Liquor add three Ounces of Hony of Mercury and two Drams of Hierapicra mingle them and make a Carminative Clyster This is useful in the Cholick Dog 's Mercury in Latin Cynocrambe It has many small fibrous Roots that are Perennial and pliant of a nauseous sweetish Taste both the Male and Female creep in the Ground they are fill'd with an hard Nerve like the Fibres of Hellebore It has many Stalks round and jointed they have large Spaces betwixt the Joints they are a Foot high and without Branches near the Earth they are of a purple Colour The Leaves are placed by Pairs upon the Joints one opposite to another and are two or three Inches long those that are below are much less and are sharp-pointed and indented about the Edges they have short Foot-stalks they have a nauseous Taste The Foot-stalks come from the Wings of the Leaves The little Flowers are of a greenish Colour and consist of three Leaves It grows commonly in Woods and Hedges and other shady Places Prevotius in his Book of Medicines for the Poor ranks it amongst those things that evacuate Serosities gently Milfoil in Latin Millefolium The Stalks are sometimes two Foot high and higher they are small stiff round channel'd hairy and full of Pith and divided at top into Twigs Many long Leaves lie on the Ground which are finely cut into many small Parts finer than Tansie they are a little indented about the edges The Leaves on the Stalks are smaller and finer near the tops where stand Tufts of small white Flowers with a yellowish Thrum in the middle of a strong Smell but not unpleasant The Root is woody fibrous and blackish It stops Blood 'T is used for Bleeding at the Nose and for all Fluxes 'T is outwardly applied for Bleeding at the Nose and for the Head-ach and to heal Wounds and Ruptures Milk-wort in Latin Polygala The Root is woody white of a bitterish Taste and somewhat Aromatick It has many Stalks some upright and some creeping they are about an Hand in length and somewhat reddish It has many Leaves that grow alternately The little Flowers are placed on a Spike and are of a Sky-colour and sometimes white and of other Colours The Leaves that grow on the Stalks are oblong and sharp those that lie on the Ground are roundish It grows commonly in dry Pastures An Handful of it infus'd in Wine all Night purges Choler by Stool very much Mint in Latin Mentha It strengthens the Stomach takes off Crudities and the Hickops stops Vomiting and expels Wind. Two Ounces of the Water taken often stops Vomiting Outwardly applied it takes off the Hardness of the Breasts and dissolves Curdl'd Milk and prevents the Breeding of it The distill'd Water cures the Gripes in Children The Smell of it strengthens the Brain and preserves the Memory Take of Black-Cherry-water and Balm-water each three Ounces Dr. Stephens's Water one Ounce and an half Spirit of Mint three Drams Confection of Alkermes two Drams of Syrup of Mint a sufficient quantity make a Julep The Dose is five Spoonfuls This is good for Pains of the Stomach and for Fainting Misleto in Latin Viscus It grows on Apple-trees Pear-trees and Crab-trees on Ashes and Oaks that which grows on the Oaks is most esteem'd It grows also on the Barberry-tree and the Hasel Bird-lime is made of the Berries The Wood is chiefly used for the Falling-sickness and is counted a Specifick for it 'T is also used for Apoplexies and Giddiness 'T is taken inwardly or hang'd about the Neck In all which Diseases 't is reckon'd very prevalent by Ancient and Modern Physicians The Powder of it also cures a Pleurisie and forces the Courses Some think that the Misleto that grows on the Hasel-tree is better for the
they taste sweet and are as pleasant as Parsnips Hogs dig them up and eat them greedily 'T is affirm'd that being worn in the Shooes it will cure the Bloody-Flux Bleeding at Nose and all immoderate Fluxes of the Belly Hartman says That having used it this way it has done good when all other Means signified nothing Smallage in Latin Apium 'T is hot and dry It incides and opens upon which Account it is reckon'd among the five Opening Roots It provokes Urine and the Courses and expels Gravel It cures the Jaundice The Seed is reckon'd among the Lesser Hot Seeds The use of this Herb certainly injures those that are afflicted with the Falling-sickness But being translated into Gardens it becomes more gentle and less ungrateful for in Italy and Spain they eat the tender Leaves of it and the upper part of the Root with Oyl and Pepper Sneez-wort in Latin Ptarmica The Root grows awry and is as it were jointed and has many long Fibres that are pretty large it tastes acrid and hot It has several brittle Stalks a Yard high or more and sometime not near so high they are divided into several Branches whereon are placed narrow long Leaves pointed and finely indented about the Edges At the top grow many white Flowers in a Tuft with a yellowish Thrum in the middle It grows in moist places and flowers in July It tastes hot and acrid The Powder of it provokes Sneezing The Root chewed cases the Pain in the Teeth by evacuating Flegm The Herb is mix'd with Sallets to correct cold Herbs Solomon's-seal in Latin Polygomaton The Root is a Finger thick unequal and tuberous with a great many Fibres and of a sweetish Taste The Stalk is two or three Foot high round and smells ill if it be rub'd or cut it is bent like a Bow The Leaves are placed one above another they are large and like the Leaves of the Lilly of the Vallies they are nervous and of a shining dark Green above of a grayish Colour underneath At the Foot of every Leaf almost from the bottom to the top hang long white and hollow Flowers and after them small round Berries green at first and bluish when they are ripe wherein are small stony Seeds they are white 'T is Astringent and Vulnerary It stops all Fluxes it cements broken Bones And the Root boyl'd in Wine and drank is excellent for Contusions and Ruptures Used outwardly it takes off Spots and whitens the Skin Fourteen or fifteen of the Berries purge Flegm upwards and downwards For the Whites take Candied Roots of Solomon's-seal and it is an excellent Remedy 'T is also counted good for the Falling-sickness Sope-wort in Latin Saponaria It creeps in the Ground with small-jointed Roots The Bark of the Root is reddish The Stalks are three Foot high or higher round smooth and reddish they have many Joints are full of Pith and can scarce sustain themselves The Leaves are placed by Pairs at the Joints opposite to one another three large Nerves running all along them they are like Plantain-leaves they are smooth have a nitrous Taste and short or no Foot-stalks at all The Flowers are placed in Tufts on the top of the Stalks every one on a short Foot-stalk they are of a pale-red Colour sweet and compos'd of five Leaves The small roundish Seeds are contain'd in an oblong Vessel that is thick about the Middle It grows near Rivers and Standing-waters It flowers in June July August and September The Root and Leaves are used in Physick but it is but seldom 'T is used for an Asthma and to provoke the Courses And a Decoction of it is much commended for the French-Pox Outwardly applied it discusses Tumours Clothes are cleansed from Greasie Spots by washing them with this Herb. The Sorbe or Quicken-tree in Latin Sorbus sylvestris 'T is a Tree of a middle stature The Bark is of a light Red and spotted The Leaves are sharp indented and smooth above green below whitish The Flowers are many white and sweet and are placed in Umbels The Berries are green at first when they are ripe of a darke Red they taste ill The Berries yield an acid Juice which purges Water excellently well and is very good for the Scurvy The Liquor which drops from the wounded Tree in the Spring cures the Scurvy and Diseases of the Spleen Common Sorrel in Latin Acetosa vulgaris It grows in Pastures and Meadows 'T is cold and dry It provokes Appetite suppresses Choler and quenches Thirst wherefore 't is frequently used in Fevers The Juice may be mix'd with Broths or the Leaves boyl'd in them In Summer 't is good Sauce for most Meats The Roots of it dried and boyl'd give a delicate Tincture to the Water Sheep's Sorrel in Latin Acetosa arvensis lanceolata It grows in Sandy and dry Grounds It has the same Virtues with Common Sorrel Roman or French Sorrel in Latin Acetosa rotundifolia The form of the Leaf sometimes varies being sometimes round like Scurvy-grass or the Lesser Celandine sometimes like Spinache pointed like an Arrow of a Sky or pale Colour and of a delicate sharp Taste The Stalks are bare and above two Foot high The little Flowers are compos'd of yellow and red Threads The Root is small and creeps and is less acid and drier than the Leaves 'T is common in Gardens It has the same Virtues with the former Wood Sorrel in Latin Trifolium acetosum vulgare It grows commonly in shady places in Woods and Hedges It has the same Virtues with the former The Syrup the Conserve and the distill'd Water of it are in use The distill'd Water is used to wash the Mouth in the St. Anthony's Fire and to cleanse Sordid Ulcers 'T is observ'd that when it bears a great many Flowers the Year will be very rainy but dry when there is a few Sothernwood in Latin Abrotanum 'T is somewhat astringent and discusses much It resists Putrefaction and Poyson It cures the Biting of Venomous Creatures kills Worms and forces Urine It cures Hysterick Fits and the Jaundice The Tops of it boyl'd in Wine or Water and sweeten'd with Hony or Sugar do much good in an Asthma and Difficulty of Breathing and helps Expectoration 'T is used outwardly to strengthen Bones Marsh Sparagus in Latin Asparagus palustris 'T is found in many places As in the Marishes near Bristol and about Harwich in Essex c. It differs only from the Garden-Sparagus by the Place of its Growth and the Accidents that proceed from thence for the saltness of it and the thickness of the Leaves and the largeness of the Berries are to be imputed to the Sea for the like is wont to happen to other Plants that grow near the Sea The Root is Diuretick and Lithontriptick and is one of the five Opening Roots It opens the Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen and especially of the Kidnies and therefore it is frequently used in Diuretick Decoctions The Stalks boyl'd gently according to
Custom and eaten loosen the Belly and provoke Urine but they make it smell ill A Decoction of the Root drunk relieves those that make Water difficultly and those that have the Jaundice and others that are afflicted with Nephritick Pains or the Hip Gout But the frequent use of Diureticks occasions Ulcers in the Bladder Spatling or White Poppy in Latin Behen album The Root is woody thick and white The Stalks are two or three Foot high or more small round smooth and jointed and divided into Wings at the top At every Joint are two Leaves opposite to one another like Campian but smooth very acrid and bitterish with a certain Sweetness The Flowers are white or of a light Purple Colour It grows amongst Corn. 'T is commended for Fomentations and Sweating-baths The Juice takes off Inflammations of the Eyes and eases the Pain of them The Seed purges Flegm and is used in the Falling-sickness Male Speed-well in Latin Veronica mas supina vulgatissima It creeps upon the Ground and sends down Roots from the Joints The Stalks are small round long hairy and jointed The Leaves are set by Pairs at the Joints they are hairy and indented about the Edges they taste bitterish and acrid The Flowers are placed upon a Spike they are compos'd of four light purple Leaves The Seed is contain'd in small Husks like Shepherd's-purse It grows plentifully in dry Pastures and amongst Heath 'T is Vulnerary and Sudorifick 'T is used in Obstructions of the Lungs and Spleen for the Cholick Consumption Plague Wounds and Itch. A large Dose of the Decoction taken for some time expell'd a Stone from the Kidny of a Woman that had been there sixteen Years A Woman that had been barren seven Years conceiv'd by taking the Powder of it in the distill'd Water of the Herb for many Days The Syrup of it is of great use in Diseases of the Lungs One that had an incurable Ulcer in his Leg found present Ease by dipping Rags in the Water and applying them for it took off the Inflammation and all the Symptoms that accompanied it One that had a Fistula in the Breast and had used several Medicines in vain was cured by the inward use of this Water Scabby Children have been cured by Rags dip'd in this Water and press'd out and applied over the Scabs when other Medicines would do no good But it is convenient for the Nurse to take Fumatory in Whey at the same time Common Spignel in Latin Meum It has sometimes one sometimes many Roots above nine Inches long From the Sides of which grow most commonly oblique Roots which are pretty long of a dark brown Colour without white within it smells like a Parsnip but more Aromatick It has several long Stalks of Leaves as small as an Hair they are placed thick on both sides of the Stalk they smell well It has also round stiff Stalks like those of Fennel but much less they are channel'd empty and branchy and have Umbels of white Flowers on them like Dill. The Seeds are large great and channel'd It grows plentifully in Westmorland near Sidleberg It expels Wind and forces Urine and the Courses and is used for Mother-fits for the Gripes Catarrhs and to help Expectoration 'T is an Ingredient in several Compositions in Treacle and many other Those that have vow'd Chastity must not use it for it is a great Provocative to Venery And it causes the Head-ach Spinache in Latin Spinachia 'T is much used in the Kitchin 'T is good in Fevers and it loosens the Belly It cools and moistens and is good in a dry Cough Spindle-tree in Latin Euonimus 'T is a little branchy Tree or rather Shrub eight or ten Foot high The Suckers are of a pleasant green Colour and the young Branches are four-square the Wood is whitish it has divers Branches The Leaves are oblong sharp and indented Soon after the Beginning of Spring the pale Flowers come forth they are compos'd of four Leaves After the Flowers come forth red Berries divided into four parts and in each is a white hard Seed The whole Tree has a strong and unpleasant Smell 'T is common in Hedges Three or four of the Berries vomit and purge Women use the Powder of the Berries to kill Lice Spleen-wort in Latin Asplenium The Root consists of Capillary Threads that are blackish and Perennial The Leaves are many but not a Finger long they are placed upon short Foot-stalks they are somewhat fat above and downy under and cleft like Polypody they are seldom an Inch broad It grows frequently in the West upon old Walls viz. about Bristol and the Stones at St. Vincent's Rock c. 'T is called Spleen-wort because it is effectual in curing Diseases of the Spleen 'T is chiefly used for Swellings of the Spleen for Spitting of Blood and a Loosness Outwardly used it cleanses Wounds and Ulcers One Dram of the Golden Powder on the Under-side of the Leaves with half a Dram of White Amber powder'd drunk in the Juice of Purslain or Plantain relieves those wonderfully that have a Gonorrhaea Straw-berry in Latin Fragraria The Fruit cools and moistens The distill'd Water of it comforts the Heart purges the Blood and cures Ulcers of the Mouth and is good in a Quinsie the Mouth being gargled with it 'T is Diuretick and expectorates Those that are troubled with hot Pushes in the Face or a dry Itch in the Body should take two Spoonfuls of the Water every Morning The same quantity at the same time is good for those that have the Stone for it cools the Reins and expels Gravel A Decoction of the whole Herb is very good for the Jaundice Take of the Waters of Wood-Sorrel of the whole Citron of Strawberries each four Ounces of the Syrup of the Juice of Citron one Ounce of Prepar'd Pearls one Dram make a Julap Take four Spoonfuls three or four times a Day This is good in Fevers to attemperate the Blood Succory in Latin Cichoreum The Root is as thick as the Thumb and full of Milk It has many Stalks which are round and hairy The Stalks of the Wild Succory are crooked and sometimes four Foot high The Branches at top are much divided Some of the Leaves are cut deep like Dandelion others are whole or but little indented Those on the Stalks are placed alternately without Foot-stalks they are long and end acute and are hairy on both sides The Flowers are blue sometimes white and reddish many come out together from the Wings of the upper Leaves The whole Plant is very bitter 'T is counted cold by some Authors but its bitter Taste argues Heat 'T is Diuretick It attenuates and cleanses 'T is chiefly used in Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen and for Fevers The Water distill'd from the blue Flowers is an excellent Remedy for Inflammations and Dimness of the Eyes The Leaves boyl'd and eaten with Vinegar cure a Gonorrhaea The Flowers of this Plant open and shut at Sun-rising
and Sun-setting whether the Heavens are clear or cloudy The Roots of Succory the middle Bark of the Elder the Twigs of Bitter-sweet Wormwood and the Roots of Sharp-pointed Dock cure a Dropsie and Obstructions with expedition and expel Wind. Syrup of Succory with Rubarb is much in use and is an excellent Purge for Children and is made in the following manner Take of Whole Barly of the Roots of Smallage Fennel and Sparagus each two Ounces of Succory Dandelion Smooth South-thistle and Endive each two Handfuls of Garden-Lettice Liverwort Fumatory and the Tops of Hops each one Handful of Venus-hair White Maiden-hair Spleen-wort Liquorish the Seed of Winter-Cherry and Dodder each six Drams boyl these in six Quarts of Fountain-water till two Quarts be consum'd strain the Liquor and put in six Pounds of White Sugar boyl it a while then add six Ounces of Rubarb and six Drams of Spikenard put into a Bag which must be infus'd a while in the hot Liquor then strain it and boyl it to the Consistence of a Syrup Succory-water is also in use Sun-dew in Latin Ros solis Many Leaves come from a small fibrous Root they are placed on long Foot-stalks that are hairy above they are almost round like an Ear-picker a little concave and of a pale-green Colour with a small red Fringe round them they have always a Dew on them in the hottest Day From the middle of the Leaves rise up two or three round small reddish Stalks of an Hand or half a Foot high they have no Leaves on them It has many whitish Flowers placed one above another on short Foot-stalks Oblong Seminal Vessels in shape and bigness like Wheat succeed the Flowers they are full of Seeds It grows plentifully in Sir William Goring's Park near Petworth in Sussex and in many other places Botanists differ about the Virtue of this Plant Some commend it for a Consumption the Plague-wounds and the Falling-sickness But others with good Reason forbid the inward use of it for it is so Caustick that being put on the Skin it will cause Ulcers 'T is very injurious to Sheep for it burns up their Lungs and gives them a deadly Cough Upon which Account it is called the Red-Rot A Strong-water made with it was formerly much in use Many superstitious Things are reported of this Plant which I designedly omit T. TAmarisk in Latin Tamariscus 'T is excellent for Diseases of the Spleen A Decoction of the Bark stops the Courses and an immoderate Flux of the Hemorrhoids It settles the Teeth when they are loose and eases the Pain of them and is good for Ulcers of the Mouth for the Leprosie Itch and other Ulcers for Melancholy the Black-Jaundice and a Dropsie occasion'd by an hard and obstructed Spleen Take of Steel one Ounce of the Middle-bark of the Ash Tamarisk Roots of Capers each half an Ounce of Sassafras and Juniper each six Drams of the Roots of Elecampane Angelica Galangal Sweet-smelling Flag each two Drams Shavings of Harts-horn Ivory Yellow Sanders each three Drams the Leaves of Wormwood Ground-pine Spleen-wort Dodder Balm Germander each two Pugils the Flowers of Bugloss Borage Scabious Broom each one Pugil of Cinnamon half an Ounce Cloves Ginger Mace Nutmegs each two Drams beat them grosly and pour on them two Quarts of White-wine and infuse them in a Glass well stopped in B. M. three or four Days strain it and take four Spoonfuls every Morning This is good for Melancholy and Pains in the Stomach Common Tansie in Latin Tanacetum 'T is Vulnerary Uterine and Nephritick 'T is used for the Worms the Gripes and the Stone in the Kidnies and Bladder for Obstruction of the Courses Wind and a Dropsie The Juice of it applied to the Hands and Feet cure the Chaps of them Scabby Ulcers and the Itch. A Conserve of the Leaves and Tops resists Putrefaction purifies the Blood and opens Obstructions One was cured of an Obstinate Dropsie by the Decoction of it Take of the Conserve of Tansie Fumatory Wood-Sorrel each two Ounces of the Compounded Powder of Wake-Robin three Drams of Ivory Crabs-eyes and Coral prepar'd each one Dram of Yellow Sanders powder'd and of the Wood of Aloes each half a Dram of Salt of Steel one Dram of Salt of Wormwood one Dram and an half of the Syrup of the Five Opening Roots a sufficient quantity make an Electuary Take the quantity of a Chesnut Night and Morning This is good for the Scurvy and to strengthen the Blood Tarragon in Latin Dracunculus hortensis 'T is used frequently in Sallets to correct cold Herbs and the Crudities of them 'T is good for those that have cold Stomachs It procures Appetite and expels Wind. It provokes Urine and the Courses and opens Obstructions Being chew'd it evacuates Flegm and so eases the Pain of the Teeth 'T is also Sudorifick Teasel Fuller's-Thistle or Venus's Basin in Latin Dipsacus The Roots of it boyl'd in Wine cure Ulcers of the Fundament called Rhagades and Warts The Water that is receiv'd in the hollowness of the Leaves is good for Inflammations of the Eyes It also takes off Spots from the Face and beautifies it Boyl'd in Wine it purges by Urine But Cloth-workers use it chiefly Dwarf-Carline Thistle in Latin Carduus acaulis The Leaves lie on the Ground in a Circle they are of a green Colour and very prickly they are cut in deep and are hairy they have either no Stalks at all or but one an Inch or an Inch and an half high The little Heads are oblong and not at all prickly The Flowers are purple The Root is as long as the Little Finger and has some thickish Fibres and grows awry 'T is of a reddish Colour especially within and tastes somewhat Aromatick It grows commonly on Hills and in dry Places and on Stony Grounds on the Downs in Sussex 'T is Alexipharmick and Sudorifick It prevents and cures the Plague if it be taken in time 'T is Diuretick and good in a Dropsie Philip Melancton when he was afflicted with Hypochondriack Pains used this Herb and commended it much Milk Thistle or Ladies-Thistle in Latin Carduus Mariae The Leaves have white Spots they are long and broad and very prickly The Stalk is channel'd downy and five or six Foot high and is divided into many Branches The Brush is so prickly that it cannot be handled The Root is long and thick It grows frequently in Hedges and Ditches 'T is supposed to have the same Virtue with the Blessed Thistle called commonly Carduus But it is oftner used in the Kitchin than for Medicine The Decoction of it is used with good Success in Obstructions of the Liver of the Bowels and of Urine wherefore it is good in the Jaundice for the Dropsie and the Stone in the Kidnies The distill'd Water of it cures the Diseases of the Sides 'T is chiefly used outwardly in Eating Ulcers Rags being dip'd in the Water and applied to the Sores The Seed is frequently used
the Bark on gently move the Belly two or three being taken at Bed-time The Tree tap'd in the Spring yields a great quantity of Liquor but it is not so pleasant as that of the Birch-tree 'T is said to be peculiarly proper for Obstructions of the Courses The Nuts being infus'd in Water till the Skin of the Kernels comes off then infuse them two Days in Aqua vitae Take two or three of them daily in the Morning fasting for ten Days before the usual time of their Flowing The Oyl of the Nut mix'd with Oyl of Almonds is excellent in the Stone two or three Ounces of it may be taken inwardly at a time See Mr. Boyl of Specifick Remedies pag. 163. Wall-flower in Latin Leucoium luteum It grows every where on Walls The Flowers are cordial and good for the Nerves They ease Pain provoke the Courses expel the Secundine and a dead Child The Conserve of the Flowers the distil'd Water and the Oyl made of the Flowers by Infusion are in use for Apoplexies and Palsies The Oyl is very Anodine in Wounds and Inflammations of the Nervous Parts Way-faring-tree in Latin Viburnum It sometimes spreads much tho' it is not high The Wood of it is fungous and pithy The Branches are about a Finger thick and four Foot long or longer The Bark is of a dark-gray Colour but the Bark of the Branches is whitish The Leaves are somewhat like the Leaves of the Alder they are broad longish and thickish and indented about the Edges they are hairy and white like Meal especially below The Flowers are placed in Umbels and smell like the Flowers of Elder they are white and consist of five Leaves The Berries are first green then red and lastly black they are sweet and clammy Some Country-people eat them It grows commonly in Hedges The Leaves and Berries are dry and astringent They are used for Inflammations of the Throat and Almonds and for the Relaxation of the Vvula and to settle the Teeth when they are loose and also for Fluxes of the Belly A Decoction of the Leaves makes the Hairs black and prevents their falling Wheat in Latin Triticum The Juice of it is good to take off Spots The Flower mix'd with Bean-shell-water takes out Wrinkles from the Face A Cataplasm made with Water and Oyl and the Flower takes off the Hardness of the Breast and ripens Swellings The Bran cleanses the Hands and makes them soft and white Common Whitlow-grass in Latin Paronychia vulgaris It has a small fibrous Root and many Leaves that lie on the Ground they are scarce an Inch long they are pointed hairy sometimes green sometimes reddish and a little indented and taste somewhat astringent at first afterwards acrid It has sometimes one sometimes two or three Stalks or more they are round and about an Hand high and sometimes not so much they have no Leaves on them but they have many little white Flowers which consist of four Leaves they have small flat Pouches It grows on Walls and Houses Rue Whitlow-grass infus'd in Small Beer and drank for some Days cures King's-Evil-Swellings without any sensible Evacuation See Mr. Boyl of Specifick Remedies pag. 155. Take of Whitlow-grass half an Handful fry it with Flower and an Egg Take it in a Morning fasting for two Days This cures the Whites Winter-cherry in Latin Alkekengi The Berries are Diuretick Nephritick and Lithontriptick They are also good for the Jaundice they may be either infus'd in Wine or boylâ—d in Posset-drink or powder'd and taken in any Liquor One that took eight of the Cherries every Change of the Moon was cured of the Gout tho' before he was miserably afflicted with it Take of Chios-Turpentine two Drams of the Balsam of Tolu half a Dram with a sufficient quantity of the Troches of Alkakengi make Midling Pills Take four at Bed-time These Pills are good for the Stone in the Kidnies Winter-green in Latin Pyrola Five or six of its Leaves lie on the Ground they are like the Leaves of a Pear they are thick of a dark Green smooth and shining above The foot-Foot-stalks are near an Hand long The Stalk is nine Inches high and angled and has on it some small sharp Leaves and a Spike of fine white Flowers consisting of five Leaves The whole Plant tastes bitter It grows in the North near Halifax 'T is an excellent Vulnerary Herb either taken inwardly or outwardly applied Woodroof in Latin Asperula 'T is divided into many Joints The Root is small and creeps on the top of the Earth sending down Capillary Fibres The Stalks are small four-square an Hand or nine Inches high The Leaves are placed on the Joints like those of Madder they are larger than Cleaver-leaves and of a lighter Green they shine a little and are a little hairy The Stalk is divided at the top into two or three Branches upon which the Foot-stalks sustain the little Flowers that smell sweet and are compos'd of four small Leaves The Seeds are small and very hairy and in shape like a Kidny they stick to the Clothes as the Seeds of Clevers do It grows in hilly Woods and among Bushes It flowers in May. 'T is used for Obstructions of the Liver and Gall-bladder and to cool an hot Liver It procures Mirth as they say being put into Wine and gives it a pleasant Taste for which Reason 't is frequently used among the Germans Common Wormwood in Latin Absinthium vulgare It strengthens the Stomach and Liver excites Appetite opens Obstructions and cures Diseases that are occasion'd by them as the Jaundice Dropsie and the like 'T is good in long putrid Fevers it carries off vitious Humours by Urine it expels Worms from the Bowels and preserves Clothes from Moths The Juice the distill'd Water the Syrup the fixed Salt and the Oyl of it are used but the Wine or Beer seems to be the best It strengthens the Stomach creates an Appetite opens Obstructions and provokes Urine The Simple Water is more Languid and of less Virtue The fixed Salt if it be wholly separated from the other Parts by the force of the Fire differs nothing in my Opinion neither in Taste nor Virtue from the Fixed Salt of any other Plant. A Scruple or half a Dram of the Salt according to the Strength and Age of the Sick taken in a Spoonful of the Juice of Limon scarce ever fails to cure Vomiting Green Wormwood bruis'd and mix'd with Lard and applied cures Tumors of the Kernels of the Throat and the Quinsie THE Exotick or Foreign PHYSICAL PLANTS AC ACacia It grows in Egypt The Juice of it press'd from the Cods before they are ripe or from the Flowers or Leaves is used to strengthen the Eyes and to take off the Inflammation of them and to cure Ulcers of the Mouth and Ears and for Chaps of the Lips The Juice reduc'd to a Powder after it has been wash'd in a Decoction made with the Juice or the Leaves or Flowers and sprinkl'd on
pale-yellow Colour and sometimes incline to a Purple The Leaves are sharp wrinkly prickly equal about the Edges and dispos'd in no Order The Seeds are like the Seeds of Viper-Bugloss It grows in watery Places or near Rivers and flowers in May. 'T is an excellent Wound-Herb is Musilaginous and Thickning and qualifies the Acrimony of the Humours 'T is used in all Fluxes especially of the Belly and for a Consumption The Flowers boyl'd in Red Wine are very proper for those that make a Bloody Urine Outwardly applied it stops the Blood of Wounds and helps to unite broken Bones wherefore 't is called Bone-set It eases the Pain of the Gout and cures Eating-Ulcers Take of the Root as much as you think convenient beat it in a Mortar till it is reduc'd to a Mass spread it on Leather and apply it to the Part affected This is excellent for Abating Gouty Pains and the Sciatica and for Pains in the Arms and has been also us'd for Venereal Pains with good Success Take of Comfrey-Roots half a Pound slice them and put them into an Earthen Pipkin with half a Pint of Alicant and half a Pound of Loaf-Sugar cover it with a Paper and bake it in an Oven as you do Apples Eat Night and Morning two or three Slices of the Comfrey and take a Spoonful or two of Syrup presently after This was prescrib'd for a Lady with Child that had her Courses immoderately by Doctor Willis And it has cured several others Sea Coralline in Latin Corallina 'T is one two or three Inches high hoary and of an Ash-colour sometimes yellowish reddish or whitish It has abundance of thin Branches jointed sometimes with small Twigs growing on the side It smells like a Fish the Taste also is saltish and unpleasant It cracks between the Teeth like Sand and is easily reduc'd to Powder by rubbing it with the Fingers It grows upon Rocks and on Shells and Stones near the Sea-side 'T is not soft when under Water as Caesalpinus writes Being grosly powder'd it kills and expels Worms Half a Dram is given to Boys not Ten Years of Age a Dram to grown People This is much commended for the Worms Take of Coralline and Calcin'd Hearts-horn each half a Scruple of Virginia-Snake-weed one Scruple make a Powder Let the Child take a third part of it Morning and Evening in a small Draught of the white Decoction Female Cornel Dog-berry or Gatter-tree in Latin Cornus foemina It grows commonly in Hedges The Wood of it is so very hard especially when it is dry that it can scarce be cut Some People make Oyl of the Berries for their Lamps Costmary in Latin Balsamita mas The Roots grow oblique like the Roots of Mint they are round and have many Fibres The Stalks are two or three Foot high channel'd branchy and of a pale-green Colour The Leaves are like the Leaves of Pepperwort and of the same Colour with the Stalks indented about the Edges but seldom jagged it has a very strong Scent and a very bitter Taste On the top of the Branches are Umbles or Tufts of Golden yellow Flowers somewhat like the Flowers of Tansie The Seeds are small oblong and flat It grows in Gardens It cures the Crudities of the Stomach Belchings Vomitings and a Stinking Breath the Gripes Heart-burning and Pain in the Head that is occasion'd by Fumes from the Stomach It opens Women's Obstructions and is good in the Stone The Juice and the Seed kill Worms 'T is supposed to be peculiarly good against the Malignity of Opium and other Poisons It cures Wounds presently An excellent Balsam for old Ulcers is prepar'd of this Herb and Adder's-tongue boy'ld in Oyl of Olives adding Wax and Rozen to bring it to a Consistence Cowslips in Latin Paralysis 'T is common in Pastures and flowers in April The Leaves and Flowers are us'd amongst Pot-herbs and in Sallets and are very agreeable to the Head and Nerves They are us'd in Apoplexies Palsies and Pains in the Joints The Juice of the Flowers takes off Spots and Wrinkles from the Face and other Vices of the Skin The Water of the Flowers the Conserve and the Syrup are Anodine and gently provoke Sleep and are very proper Medicines for weakly People The Juice of the Leaves and Flowers mix'd with an equal quantity of Red-Cow's Milk cured an inveterate Head-ach when other Medicines would do no good Take of Cowslip-water two Ounces of the Syrup of White Poppies one Ounce of the Juice of Limons fresh drawn two Spoonfuls make a Draught This is commonly used at Bed-time to cause Sleep Common-Garden Cresses in Latin Nasturtium hortense It flowers in May and June and when the seed is ripe withers quite away The Herb especially the Seed is acrid and hot for which Reason it opens attenuates and cleanses 'T is chiefly used for the Swelling of the Spleen for Obstructions of the Courses and to expel a dead Child It cuts the Tartareous Musilage of the Lungs and is good in the Scurvy 'T is outwardly used beat up with Lard to cure Scabs in the Head and other Parts of the Body 'T is used every where in Sallets with Lettice and other Herbs It qualifies the Coldness of the Lettice and comforts the Stomach and promotes Concoction by its Heat For Lethargies and sleepy Diseases there is nothing better than Cresses either boyl'd or eaten in Sallets For Children's Scabs or Scalded Heads nothing is so effectual and quick a Remedy as Garden-Cresses beat up with Lard for it makes the Scales fall in twenty four Hours and perfectly cures them if they continue the Use of it Water Cresses in Latin Nasturtium aquaticum It grows frequently in Brooks and watery Places It flowers chiefly in July and August and sometimes before 'T is much us'd in the Spring-time in Broths to purifie the Blood 'T is good in the Stone for it provokes Urine it opens Women's Obstructions and relieves those that are in Dropsies Spirit of Water-Cresses Take a large quantity of Water-Cresses beat them in a Marble Mortar press out the Juice dissolve some Leaven with it make an Heap and beat them well with your Hands then put them in a convenient Place for eight Days afterwards distil the Spirit in B. M. The Dose is one Spoonful or two in Winter-time for Scorbutical People The Spirit of Celandine Brooklime and Scurvy-grass may be made the same Way Take of Water-Cresses and Brook-lime each two handfuls Wood-Sorrel one Handful bruise them and put the Juice into a Pint of White-wine let it stand close stop'd till the Wine is clear Take two Spoonfuls of the clear Wine in your Beer every time you drink continue the Use of this for the space of three Weeks This is good for an hot Scurvy Cross-wort or Mugweed in Latin Cruciata It grows up in square hairy brown Stalks about a Foot high having four small broad and pointed hairy yet smooth yellowish green Leaves growing at every Joint each against the other cross-wise