92_o 3_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o sea_n be_v carry_v somewhere_o from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o somewhere_o from_o north_n to_o south_n &_o contrariwise_o 98_o 4_o of_o the_o violent_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n cause_v by_o wind_n 101_o 5_o to_o some_o certain_a place_n at_o certain_a time_n belong_v certain_a wind_n 102_o 6_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o wind_n make_v the_o sea_n sometime_o in_o some_o place_n transcend_v his_o ordinary_a bound_n 103_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o depth_n situation_n and_o termination_n of_o the_o sea_n 1_o the_o ordinary_a depth_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v common_o answerable_a to_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o main_a land_n above_o the_o water_n and_o the_o whirlpool_n &_o extraordinary_a depth_n answer_v to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mountain_n above_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o earth_n 104_o 2_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v somewhere_o high_a than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n somewhere_o low_a 109_o 3_o the_o sea_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v high_a in_o one_o place_n then_o another_o 111_o 4_o the_o water_n be_v so_o divide_v from_o the_o dry-land_n that_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v great_a in_o the_o southern_a hemisphere_n of_o land_n in_o the_o northern_a 115_o 5_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v environ_v round_o with_o sea_n betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n 116_o 6_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o earth_n be_v enuirnoe_v round_o with_o water_n from_o north_n to_o south_n of_o the_o northwest_n passage_n 117_o chap._n viii_o ofsea_n traffic_n and_o merchandise_n 1_o navigation_n first_o teach_v by_o almighty_a god_n be_v afterward_o second_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o famous_a man_n in_o all_o age_n 132_o 2_o navigation_n be_v very_o necessary_a as_o well_o for_o the_o increase_n of_o knowledge_n as_o riches_n 135_o chap._n ix_o of_o pedography_n rivers_n lake_n and_o fountain_n in_o the_o earth_n 1_o all_o river_n have_v their_o original_n from_o the_o sea_n the_o mother_n of_o river_n 142_o 2_o all_o river_n and_o fountain_n be_v not_o from_o the_o beginning_n 155_o 3_o many_o river_n be_v for_o a_o great_a space_n of_o land_n swallow_v up_o of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o some_o after_o a_o certain_a distance_n rise_v again_o 156_o 4_o river_n for_o the_o most_o part_n rise_v out_o of_o great_a mountain_n and_o at_o last_o by_o diverse_a or_o one_o inlet_n be_v disburden_v into_o the_o sea_n 157_o 5_o diverse_a fountain_n be_v endow_v with_o diverse_a admirable_a virtue_n and_o operation_n 159_o 6_o place_n near_o great_a river_n and_o lake_n be_v most_o commodious_a for_o habitation_n 162_o 7_o of_o lake_n and_o their_o cause_n 162_o 8_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o some_o lake_n have_v some_o secret_a intercourse_n with_o the_o sea_n under_o ground_n 163_o chap._n x._o of_o mountain_n valley_n plaine-region_n woody_a and_o champion_n country_n 1_o mountain_n valley_n and_o plain_n be_v create_v in_o the_o beginning_n and_o few_o make_v by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o deluge_n 165_o 2_o the_o perpendicular_a height_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n seldom_o exceed_v 10_o furlong_n 169_o 3_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o land_n above_o the_o sea_n in_o diverse_a place_n be_v more_o than_o the_o height_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n above_o the_o ordinary_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n 171_o 4_o mountain_n country_n be_v common_o cold_a than_o plain_a 172_o 5_o mountain_n since_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n have_v still_o decrease_v in_o their_o quantity_n and_o so_o will_v unto_o the_o end_n 174_o 6_o of_o wood_n and_o their_o nature_n 178_o 7_o wood_n be_v not_o so_o frequent_a or_o great_a as_o in_o ancient_a time_n 179_o 8_o place_n moderate_o situate_a towards_o the_o north_n or_o south-pole_n abound_v more_o in_o wood_n then_o near_o the_o equatour_n 180_o chap._n xi_o of_o land_n and_o continent_n 1_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o land_n be_v not_o from_o the_o first_o beginning_n but_o be_v afterward_o make_v by_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n 184_o 2_o peninsula_n by_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n fret_v through_o the_o isthmus_n have_v oftentimes_o turn_v into_o land_n and_o contrariwise_o peninsalas_o by_o diminution_n of_o the_o sea_n make_v of_o land_n 189_o chap._n xii_o of_o inundation_n and_o earthquake_n 1_o no_o universal_a inundation_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v be_v natural_a the_o other_o may_v depend_v from_o natural_a cause_n 193_o 2_o particular_a alteration_n have_v happen_v to_o the_o bond_n of_o country_n by_o particular_a inundation_n 195_o 3_o certain_a region_n by_o reason_n of_o great_a river_n be_v subject_a to_o certain_a anniversary_n inundation_n 197_o 4_o region_n extreme_a cold_a or_o extreme_a hot_a be_v not_o so_o subject_a to_o earthquake_n as_o place_n of_o a_o middle_a temper_n 201_o 5_o hollow_a and_o spongy_a place_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o earthquake_n then_o solid_a and_o compact_a soil_n 202_o 6_o land_n be_v more_o often_o trouble_v with_o earthquake_n then_o the_o continent_n 203_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o original_a of_o inhabitant_n 1_o all_o nation_n have_v their_o first_o original_n from_o one_o stock_n whence_o afterward_o they_o become_v divide_v 206_o 2_o the_o first_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v plant_v in_o paradise_n and_o thence_o translate_v to_o the_o place_n adjoin_v 208_o 3_o the_o first_o plantation_n of_o inhabitant_n immediate_o after_o the_o deluge_n begin_v in_o the_o east_n 213_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o disposition_n of_o inhabitant_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o site_n 1_o the_o people_n of_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n as_o well_o in_o riches_n and_o magnificence_n as_o valour_n science_n and_o civil_a government_n far_o surpass_v the_o people_n of_o the_o south_n hemisphere_n 221_o 2_o the_o extreme_a inhabitant_n towards_o the_o pole_n be_v in_o complexion_n hot_a and_o moist_a those_o towards_o the_o equatour_n cold_a and_o dry_a those_o of_o the_o middle_a partake_n of_o a_o middle_a temper_n 226_o 3_o the_o extreme_a inhabitant_n towards_o the_o pole_n be_v natural_o incline_v to_o mechanical_a work_n and_o martial_a endeavour_n the_o extreme_a towards_o the_o equatour_n to_o work_n of_o religion_n and_o contemplation_n the_o middle_n to_o law_n and_o civility_n 232_o 4_o the_o people_n of_o the_o extreme_a region_n towards_o the_o pole_n in_o martial_a prowess_n have_v common_o prove_v strong_a than_o those_o near_a the_o equatour_n but_o the_o middle_a people_n more_o provident_a then_o either_o in_o the_o establishment_n and_o preservation_n of_o commonwealth_n 236_o 5_o the_o extreme_a region_n in_o manner_n action_n and_o custom_n be_v clean_o opposite_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o the_o middle_n partake_v a_o mixture_n of_o both_o 239_o 6_o the_o people_n of_o the_o eastern_a hemisphere_n in_o science_n religion_n civility_n and_o magnificence_n and_o almost_o in_o every_o thing_n else_o be_v far_o superior_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o western_a 250_o 7_o the_o western_a people_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v more_o happy_a and_o able_a in_o martial_a discipline_n the_o eastern_a in_o witty_a contemplation_n and_o contemplative_a science_n 252_o 8_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o the_o western_a hemisphere_n be_v people_v before_o the_o western_a 255_o chap._n xv._n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o disposition_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o soil_n 1_o mountaine-people_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n more_o stout_a warlike_a and_o generous_a than_o those_o of_o plain_a country_n yet_o less_o tractable_a to_o government_n 256_o 2_o windy_a region_n produce_v man_n of_o wild_a and_o instable_a disposition_n but_o quiet_a region_n more_o constant_a and_o courteous_a 273_o chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o disposition_n of_o inhabitant_n according_a to_o their_o original_n and_o education_n 1_o colony_n translate_v from_o one_o region_n into_o another_o far_a remote_a retain_v a_o long_a time_n their_o first_o disposition_n though_o by_o little_a &_o little_a they_o decline_v and_o suffer_v alteration_n 278_o 2_o the_o mixture_n of_o colonies_n beget_v the_o same_o nation_n a_o great_a disparity_n and_o variety_n of_o the_o nation_n among_o themselves_o 278_o 3_o education_n have_v a_o great_a force_n in_o the_o alteration_n of_o natural_a disposition_n yet_o so_o as_o by_o accident_n remit_v they_o soon_o return_v to_o their_o proper_a temper_n  _fw-fr 4_o by_o discipline_n nation_n become_v more_o wise_a and_o politic_a in_o the_o preservation_n of_o state_n yet_o less_o stout_a and_o courageous_a 283_o the_o analysis_n of_o the_o second_o book_n general_n which_o of_o a_o place_n general_o take_v without_o any_o special_a division_n handle_v the_o adjunct_n and_o propriety_n these_o agree_v to_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o which_o be_v internal_a or_o external_a common_a or_o magnetical_a whereof_o chapter_n 2._o heaven_n which_o be_v general_n or_o special_a chapt._n 3_o
the_o scripture_n especial_o in_o the_o 8_o of_o the_o proverb_n and_o the_o 103_o psalm_n where_o god_n be_v say_v to_o have_v set_v a_o bind_v upon_o the_o sea_n which_o they_o shall_v not_o pass_v but_o this_o reason_n seem_v not_o warrantable_a that_o the_o great_a creator_n of_o all_o thing_n shall_v in_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o nature_n impose_v a_o perpetual_a violence_n upon_o nature_n moreover_o all_o miracle_n be_v temporary_a and_o not_o perpetual_a for_o than_o be_v it_o ordinary_a and_o so_o scarce_o a_o miracle_n other_o upon_o less_o ground_n have_v imagine_v that_o there_o be_v certain_a northern_a star_n in_o vrsa_fw-la maior_fw-la and_o draco_n of_o so_o great_a virtue_n that_o they_o can_v draw_v the_o ocean_n from_o this_o habitable_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n towards_o the_o north_n and_o so_o constrain_v the_o water_n that_o they_o can_v overwhelm_v the_o earth_n but_o this_o opinion_n be_v ridiculous_a and_o deserve_v no_o solid_a refutation_n be_v a_o mere_a conjecture_n without_o ground_n or_o probability_n other_o upon_o the_o like_a reason_n have_v dream_v that_o there_o be_v more_o water_n than_o earth_n in_o the_o globe_n and_o that_o the_o water_n by_o his_o extraordinary_a mass_n occupy_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n turn_v the_o earth_n on_o one_o side_n make_v it_o to_o swim_v as_o a_o ship_n upon_o the_o sea_n but_o this_o assertion_n we_o have_v refute_v in_o our_o first_o chapter_n of_o the_o first_o book_n all_o these_o author_n suppose_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v uncover_v towards_o the_o north-pole_n but_o overflow_v with_o water_n towards_o the_o south_n which_o the_o experience_n of_o navigatour_n at_o this_o day_n have_v sufficient_o disannul_v other_o again_o affirm_v out_o of_o a_o peripatetical_a dream_n that_o the_o water_n be_v ten_o time_n great_a than_o the_o earth_n suppose_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v like_o a_o sponge_n to_o drink_v up_o the_o water_n to_o prove_v which_o assertion_n they_o produce_v a_o experiment_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v dig_v any_o thing_n deep_a in_o most_o place_n there_o will_v appear_v water_n whence_o they_o collect_v that_o the_o water_n be_v mix_v with_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o receive_v into_o it's_o concavity_n but_o howsoever_o we_o may_v grant_v that_o there_o be_v many_o and_o vast_a concavity_n in_o the_o earth_n capable_a of_o water_n yet_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o the_o water_n shall_v be_v ten_o time_n as_o great_a as_o the_o earth_n for_o by_o this_o reason_n although_o all_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v water_n it_o can_v not_o be_v but_o that_o a_o great_a portion_n of_o water_n then_o that_o in_o the_o earth_n shall_v arise_v above_o the_o earth_n because_o according_a to_o their_o own_o supposition_n 9_o part_n shall_v be_v above_o the_o earth_n neither_o can_v aristotle_n word_n be_v well_o wrest_v to_o this_o interpretation_n for_o as_o much_o as_o he_o understand_v this_o tenfold_o proportion_n of_o the_o water_n to_o the_o earth_n not_o of_o the_o space_n which_o they_o replenish_v measure_v by_o their_o circle_n and_o diameter_n but_o of_o the_o proportion_n they_o bear_v one_o to_o the_o other_o in_o their_o transmutation_n as_o that_o one_o measure_n of_o earth_n turn_v into_o water_n shall_v be_v as_o much_o as_o 10._o all_o these_o opinion_n seem_v so_o absurd_a it_o seem_v more_o probable_a to_o imagine_v that_o either_o the_o water_n be_v condensated_a and_o thicken_v which_o be_v in_o the_o beginning_n create_v thin_a whence_o will_v follow_v that_o they_o shall_v occupy_v a_o less_o place_n and_o by_o consequence_n leave_v the_o dry-land_n in_o many_o place_n habitable_a or_o which_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o god_n in_o the_o first_o creation_n make_v certain_a hollow_a concavity_n and_o channel_n in_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v before_o plain_a and_o uniform_a into_o which_o the_o water_n be_v receive_v and_o bound_v in_o so_o much_o that_o they_o can_v not_o flow_v abroad_o this_o seem_v enough_o to_o satisfy_v the_o search_n of_o such_o as_o be_v not_o too_o curious_a to_o search_v into_o his_o secret_n who_o power_n and_o omnipotence_n transcend_v the_o capacity_n of_o the_o wise_a in_o this_o division_n of_o a_o place_n into_o water_n and_o land_n we_o will_v first_o treat_v of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o accident_n belong_v thereunto_o not_o that_o the_o water_n be_v worthy_a or_o great_a than_o the_o earth_n the_o contrary_a whereof_o we_o have_v prove_v heretofore_o but_o because_o the_o consideration_n of_o it_o be_v more_o simple_a as_o that_o wherein_o few_o matter_n be_v to_o be_v handle_v then_o in_o the_o land_n for_o rivers_n and_o lake_n although_o consist_v of_o this_o watery_a element_n we_o think_v fit_a to_o handle_v apart_o as_o adjunct_n belong_v to_o the_o land_n 4_o in_o the_o sea_n be_v consider_v two_o thing_n 1_o the_o adjunct_n 2_o the_o division_n the_o accident_n of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v be_v either_o internal_a or_o eâ—ternall_n 5_o the_o internal_a be_v such_o as_o be_v inbred_a in_o the_o sea_n these_o again_o be_v either_o absolute_a or_o relative_n 6_o the_o absolute_a be_v such_o as_o agree_v to_o the_o sea_n without_o any_o comparison_n with_o the_o land_n such_o be_v either_o figure_n quality_n or_o motion_n 7_o the_o figure_n be_v the_o conformity_n of_o the_o external_a superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o observe_v this_o theorem_n 1_o although_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o water_n be_v spherical_a yet_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o part_n of_o it_o incline_v to_o a_o conicall_a figure_n that_o the_o whole_a water_n according_a to_o its_o outward_a superficies_n iâ—_n spherical_a and_o round_a be_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v before_o in_o the_o first_o book_n but_o notwithstanding_o this_o roundness_n of_o the_o whole_a the_o part_n of_o it_o may_v for_o aught_o i_o see_v admit_v of_o a_o conicall_a figure_n for_o as_o much_o as_o this_o have_v little_a or_o no_o proportion_n to_o the_o vast_a spheracity_n of_o the_o water_n no_o more_o then_o little_a hill_n to_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o prosecution_n of_o which_o point_n i_o will_v first_o show_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o my_o conjecture_n ground_v on_o experience_n and_o afterward_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o demonstration_n of_o the_o principle_n of_o mathematical_a philosophy_n endeavour_v to_o make_v it_o more_o manifest_a first_o therefore_o by_o a_o conicall_a line_n we_o understand_v a_o crooked_a line_n which_o differ_v from_o a_o periphery_a or_o circle_n in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o keep_v not_o always_o a_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o centre_n but_o be_v high_a in_o the_o midst_n then_o on_o either_o side_n now_o if_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n stand_v still_o be_v in_o their_o high_a superficies_n exact_o spherical_a they_o shall_v by_o the_o same_o ground_n be_v concentricall_a or_o have_v the_o same_o centre_n with_o the_o whole_a earth_n but_o that_o it_o have_v not_o the_o same_o centre_n will_v appear_v by_o little_a drop_n of_o water_n fall_v on_o the_o ground_n which_o incline_v as_o we_o see_v to_o a_o round_a figure_n yet_o be_v it_o more_o than_o ridiculous_a to_o say_v that_o this_o round_a convexity_n of_o a_o drop_n can_v be_v concentricall_a with_o the_o whole_a earth_n since_o in_o so_o great_a a_o mass_n it_o be_v hardly_o sensible_a but_o here_o our_o ordinary_a philosopher_n be_v ready_a to_o answer_v that_o this_o conformity_n of_o the_o water_n drop_n in_o a_o round_a figure_n be_v rather_o violent_a then_o natural_a because_o the_o water_n be_v by_o nature_n moist_a be_v ready_a to_o fly_v and_o avoid_v the_o touch_n or_o drought_n or_o any_o dry_a thing_n and_o because_o the_o water_n thus_o avoid_v the_o drought_n can_v of_o necessity_n but_o some_o way_n touch_v it_o it_o be_v imagine_v to_o conform_v itself_o to_o that_o figure_n whereit_v it_o may_v least_o of_o all_o touch_n this_o be_v the_o round_a or_o spherical_a figure_n wherein_o any_o body_n contain_v can_v touch_v a_o plain_a otherwise_o then_o in_o one_o only_a point_n but_o against_o this_o conjecture_n of_o moisture_n fly_v drought_n strong_a enough_o be_v the_o experiment_n of_o scaliger_n in_o his_o 105_o exercitation_n that_o quicksilver_n a_o moist_a substance_n be_v cast_v either_o into_o water_n or_o iron-oare_n will_v gather_v itself_o to_o a_o round_a body_n notwithstanding_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o quicksilver_n natural_o neither_o avoid_v the_o touch_n of_o water_n or_o iron_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o one_o be_v very_a mâ—â—st_n the_o other_o of_o great_a affinity_n as_o our_o chimick_n teach_v with_o quicksilver_n the_o parent_n of_o all_o metal_n moreover_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o this_o conformity_n to_o roundness_n be_v in_o drop_n of_o rain_n fall_v to_o the_o earth_n through_o the_o air_n yet_o will_v not_o our_o
the_o sea_n be_v dâ—uided_v into_o many_o part_n it_o will_v more_o easy_o dissolve_v and_o putrify_v the_o ground_n of_o this_o opinion_n be_v overthrow_v there_o want_v not_o reason_n to_o contradict_v first_o say_v one_o if_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o create_v salt_n then_o be_v there_o some_o time_n wherein_o it_o be_v fresh_a to_o this_o i_o answer_v two_o way_n first_o that_o it_o may_v be_v create_v fresh_a yet_o be_v apt_a from_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o receive_v saltness_n it_o may_v almost_o at_o the_o first_o receive_v it_o second_o if_o i_o shall_v grant_v that_o it_o be_v a_o long_a time_n before_o it_o embrace_v this_o quality_n i_o know_v neither_o history_n to_o confute_v i_o or_o reason_n to_o convince_v i_o second_o it_o be_v urge_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o live_a creature_n in_o the_o sea_n that_o they_o can_v well_o live_v in_o fresh_a water_n and_o therefore_o it_o seem_v original_o salt_n and_o not_o by_o accident_n but_o this_o be_v of_o no_o great_a force_n first_o because_o experience_n show_v that_o many_o kind_n of_o fish_n live_v in_o both_o and_o many_o rather_o covet_v and_o desire_v the_o fresh_a water_n than_o the_o sea_n second_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a that_o as_o the_o sea_n by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o by_o degree_n turn_v from_o freshness_n to_o saltness_n the_o temper_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o fish_n be_v in_o like_a manner_n change_v and_o alter_v whence_o it_o may_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o fish_n since_o breed_v and_o nourish_v in_o fresh_a water_n can_v so_o well_o endure_v the_o salt_n moreover_o who_o know_v whether_o all_o these_o several_a kind_n of_o fish_n now_o find_v in_o the_o sea_n be_v from_o the_o beginning_n since_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n that_o sundry_a kind_n of_o live_a creature_n daily_o arise_v out_o of_o putrefaction_n on_o the_o land_n which_o may_v with_o like_a probability_n or_o more_o be_v admit_v in_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v yet_o behind_o other_o reason_n of_o one_o patricius_n a_o platonist_n who_o will_v oppose_v aristotle_n in_o good_a earnest_n aristotle_n say_v he_o speak_v of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n water_n show_v not_o the_o cause_n for_o i_o will_v ask_v why_o that_o parcel_n of_o water_n from_o whence_o the_o thin_a part_n be_v extract_v shall_v remain_v salt_n be_v it_o so_o from_o the_o beginning_n or_o afterward_o impress_v be_v it_o inbred_a or_o accidental_a if_o he_o will_v have_v it_o a_o inbred_a quality_n from_o the_o beginning_n he_o vain_o go_v about_o to_o seek_v out_o the_o cause_n if_o the_o saltness_n be_v adventitious_a the_o cause_n be_v to_o be_v give_v but_o the_o cause_n give_v by_o he_o be_v not_o true_a for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o rather_o take_v away_o the_o saltness_n but_o to_o these_o objection_n of_o patricius_n spin_a out_o in_o many_o word_n we_o may_v answer_v two_o way_n either_o that_o the_o saltness_n be_v mere_o adventitious_a breed_v by_o a_o exhalation_n draw_v up_o by_o the_o sun_n and_o so_o distil_v down_o again_o or_o else_o because_o this_o answer_n seem_v not_o whole_o to_o satisfy_v for_o as_o much_o as_o rainy_a water_n be_v seldom_o salt_n and_o if_o it_o be_v can_v hardly_o flow_v in_o so_o great_a quantity_n to_o feed_v the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n i_o will_v answer_v second_o that_o the_o saltness_n be_v radical_o or_o original_o in_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o water_n yet_o so_o as_o it_o can_v be_v draw_v out_o and_o sensible_o be_v perceive_v in_o the_o mixture_n of_o many_o sweet_a humour_n join_v with_o it_o without_o a_o separation_n first_o make_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o the_o thin_a part_n from_o the_o thick_a so_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v a_o disponent_fw-la though_o not_o a_o productive_a cause_n of_o this_o saltness_n in_o the_o sea_n 2_o sea_n absolute_o salt_n be_v never_o freeze_v this_o may_v seem_v a_o paradox_n to_o some_o man_n in_o regard_n that_o among_o our_o geographer_n we_o have_v so_o often_o mention_v make_v of_o mare_fw-la congelatum_fw-la take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o ice_n wherewith_o it_o be_v shut_v up_o from_o passage_n as_o also_o for_o that_o in_o the_o voyage_n of_o frobisher_n davis_n hudson_n and_o other_o late_a navigatour_n which_o have_v be_v employ_v in_o the_o search_n of_o the_o northwest_o passage_n we_o find_v such_o strange_a relation_n not_o only_o of_o sea_n close_v up_o with_o ice_n and_o hinder_v their_o passage_n towards_o the_o north_n but_o also_o of_o rock_n and_o land_n of_o ice_n of_o a_o incredible_a greatness_n the_o truth_n of_o these_o relation_n i_o no_o way_n disapprove_v but_o rather_o out_o of_o these_o testimony_n approve_v our_o former_a assertion_n that_o sea_n which_o be_v whole_o salt_n be_v never_o find_v to_o freeze_v for_o first_o whereas_o it_o be_v call_v mare_fw-la congelatum_fw-la it_o may_v bear_v the_o nâ—me_n well_o enough_o from_o the_o multitude_n of_o ice_n float_v on_o the_o water_n or_o collect_v into_o a_o rock_n or_o island_n this_o ice_n as_o it_o will_v easy_o appear_v be_v not_o produce_v out_o of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o salt_n water_n of_o the_o main_a ocean_n but_o rather_o carry_v into_o the_o sea_n by_o great_a river_n of_o fresh_a water_n run_v into_o the_o ocean_n for_o the_o river_n be_v not_o always_o freeze_v but_o sometime_o by_o a_o remission_n of_o the_o cold_a be_v thaw_v and_o the_o piece_n break_v a_o sunder_o and_o float_a into_o the_o sea_n in_o it_o oft_o time_n meet_v in_o great_a heap_n which_o may_v be_v prove_v 1_o in_o that_o these_o great_a râ—cks_n of_o ice_n melt_v with_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n have_v dissolve_v into_o fountain_n of_o fresh_a water_n gush_v down_o in_o great_a abundance_n wherewith_o sometime_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n they_o have_v fraught_v their_o ship_n as_o we_o have_v testify_v by_o the_o forenamed_a navigatour_n 2_o because_o some_o part_n of_o the_o main_a sea_n situate_v perhaps_o more_o northern_a and_o in_o a_o cold_a climate_n suffer_v not_o this_o accident_n whereas_o place_n near_o the_o shore_n far_a south_n be_v almost_o always_o freeze_v the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o the_o sea_n near_o the_o shore_n be_v common_o mix_v with_o fresh_a water_n convey_v in_o either_o by_o great_a river_n or_o infinite_a secret_a passage_n under_o ground_n which_o we_o see_v not_o the_o reason_n why_o that_o salt_n water_n exclude_v this_o propriety_n incident_a or_o the_o fresh_a i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o hot-spirit_n hide_v in_o the_o salt_n humour_n which_o be_v more_o fervent_a and_o operative_a than_o those_o of_o the_o fresh_a water_n 9_o so_o much_o for_o the_o saltness_n the_o next_o be_v the_o thickness_n whereof_o we_o will_v set_v down_o this_o short_a theorem_a 1_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v thick_a than_o other_o water_n this_o proposition_n have_v its_o light_n from_o the_o former_a because_o thickness_n of_o water_n be_v a_o companion_n of_o the_o saltness_n as_o depend_v from_o the_o same_o cause_n to_o wit_n the_o exhalation_n and_o extraction_n of_o the_o thin_a part_n of_o the_o water_n there_o be_v many_o small_a cause_n give_v by_o patricius_n of_o this_o thickness_n of_o the_o sea-water_n fâ—â—st_o because_o the_o part_n of_o it_o shall_v more_o strong_o hold_v together_o and_o not_o cover_v and_o overflow_v the_o firm_a land_n but_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v ground_v on_o a_o error_n that_o the_o water_n shall_v be_v above_o the_o land_n and_o that_o it_o shall_v contain_v itself_o within_o its_o own_o bound_n and_o limit_n which_o opinion_n we_o have_v elsewhere_o reject_v the_o second_o cause_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v that_o it_o may_v be_v more_o apt_a to_o bear_v and_o carry_v ship_n and_o other_o great_a weight_n for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n three_o the_o water_n be_v thick_a may_v more_o easy_o be_v convert_v into_o salt_n out_o of_o which_o many_o saltish_a mineral_n in_o the_o earth_n be_v engender_v other_o cause_n be_v give_v by_o this_o author_n but_o less_o forceable_a which_o we_o will_v omit_v as_o refer_v they_o to_o the_o philosopher_n who_o proper_a task_n it_o be_v to_o seek_v they_o out_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n 1_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o we_o be_v in_o this_o chapter_n to_o treat_v be_v either_o natural_a or_o violent_a the_o natural_a i_o call_v that_o which_o be_v partly_o incident_a to_o the_o natural_a disposition_n of_o the_o sea_n 2_o this_o again_o be_v twofold_n either_o general_n or_o special_a general_n be_v that_o which_o agree_v general_o to_o all_o or_o at_o least_o to_o most_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n such_o as_o be_v the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n we_o must_v here_o observe_v that_o the_o water_n
sort_n as_o they_o imagine_v for_o the_o only_a withdraw_n of_o that_o hand_n and_o let_v go_v of_o that_o bridle_n which_o give_v the_o water_n that_o restraint_n will_v have_v be_v â—ufficient_a to_o have_v overwhelm_v the_o whole_a earth_n the_o second_o reason_n be_v take_v from_o land_n in_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o part_n of_o the_o land_n raise_v up_o above_o the_o water_n three_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o a_o ship_n carry_v with_o the_o like_a wind_n be_v drive_v so_o swift_o from_o the_o port_n into_o the_o open_a sea_n as_o from_o the_o sea_n into_o the_o port_n which_o can_v not_o be_v do_v if_o the_o sea_n be_v high_a than_o the_o land_n for_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o a_o ship_n if_o it_o be_v to_o be_v carry_v to_o a_o high_a place_n shall_v be_v move_v slow_a than_o if_o it_o come_v from_o a_o high_a to_o a_o low_a four_o all_o river_n run_v into_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o inner_a part_n of_o the_o land_n which_o be_v a_o most_o evident_a sign_n that_o the_o land_n be_v high_a than_o the_o sea_n for_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o water_n to_o flow_v always_o to_o the_o low_a place_n whence_o we_o gather_v that_o the_o sea_n shore_n to_o which_o the_o water_n be_v bring_v from_o the_o land_n must_v needs_o be_v low_a otherwise_o the_o water_n in_o run_v thither_o shall_v not_o descend_v but_o ascend_v this_o opinion_n i_o hold_v far_o more_o probable_a as_o be_v back_v by_o reason_n and_o the_o authority_n of_o our_o best_a philosopher_n yet_o not_o altogether_o exact_o true_a as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o but_o bartholomew_n keckerman_n in_o a_o late_a german_a writer_n hold_v these_o 2_o former_a opposite_a opinion_n as_o it_o be_v in_o one_o equal_a balance_n labour_v a_o reconciliation_n in_o a_o diverse_a respect_n say_v he_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o sea_n be_v high_a and_o that_o it_o be_v low_a than_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v high_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o shore_n and_o border_n to_o which_o it_o so_o come_v that_o sensible_o it_o swell_v to_o a_o globe_n or_o a_o circumference_n and_o so_o at_o length_n in_o the_o middle_n raise_v up_o itself_o and_o obtain_v a_o great_a height_n then_o in_o those_o part_n where_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o decline_v towards_o the_o shore_n of_o which_o part_n the_o hight_a sufferâ—_n such_o a_o decrease_n that_o by_o how_o much_o near_o the_o shore_n they_o shall_v approach_v by_o so_o much_o the_o low_o they_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o shore_n in_o somuch_o that_o touch_v the_o shore_n itself_o it_o be_v much_o low_a than_o the_o earth_n for_o this_o opinion_n our_o author_n pretend_v a_o demonstration_n which_o he_o ground_n on_o the_o 4_o chapter_n of_o aristotle_n de_fw-fr caelum_fw-la in_o his_o second_o book_n where_o he_o put_v down_o these_o two_o position_n which_o he_o call_v hypothesis_n or_o supposition_n first_o that_o the_o water_n no_o less_o concur_v to_o the_o make_n of_o a_o globe_n or_o circle_n than_o the_o earth_n for_o it_o so_o descend_v natural_o that_o it_o do_v sensible_o gather_v itself_o together_o and_o make_v a_o swell_a as_o we_o see_v in_o small_a drop_n cast_v on_o the_o ground_n second_o the_o water_n make_v a_o circle_n which_o have_v the_o same_o centre_n with_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n out_o of_o these_o ground_n will_v our_o keckerman_n conclude_v the_o water_n in_o some_o place_n to_o be_v high_a in_o other_o place_n to_o be_v low_a than_o the_o earth_n and_o hence_o proceed_v he_o to_o give_v a_o answer_n to_o their_o reason_n who_o have_v affirm_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v high_a than_o the_o sea_n what_o to_o think_v of_o the_o proposition_n or_o conclusion_n we_o will_v show_v hereafter_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a space_n i_o hold_v this_o conclusion_n not_o right_o infer_v out_o of_o these_o premise_n for_o first_o whereas_o he_o say_v that_o the_o water_n by_o nature_n be_v apt_a to_o gaher_n itself_o round_o into_o a_o orb_n or_o sphere_n i_o will_v demand_v whether_o such_o a_o rood_n body_n have_v the_o same_o centre_n with_o the_o world_n or_o a_o diverse_a centre_n he_o can_v say_v that_o it_o have_v a_o diverse_a centre_n from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n first_o because_o as_o we_o have_v demonstrate_v in_o our_o first_o part_n the_o earth_n and_o the_o water_n have_v but_o one_o centre_n and_o that_o the_o water_n be_v concentricall_a with_o the_o earth_n second_o from_o the_o second_o proposition_n or_o ground_n of_o he_o out_o of_o aristotle_n if_o he_o mean_v such_o a_o sphaericity_n as_o have_v the_o same_o centre_n with_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n i_o answer_v first_o that_o he_o contradict_v himself_o because_o he_o give_v a_o instance_n in_o small_a drop_n cast_v on_o the_o ground_n who_o quantity_n be_v so_o small_a and_o convexity_n sensible_a can_v in_o no_o man_n judgement_n be_v concentric_a to_o the_o earth_n second_o out_o of_o this_o ground_n that_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o water_n be_v concentric_a to_o the_o earth_n he_o confute_v himself_o for_o according_a to_o the_o principle_n of_o geometry_n in_o a_o sphere_n or_o circle_n all_o the_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o centre_n to_o the_o circumference_n must_v be_v equal_a then_o must_v all_o place_n in_o the_o circumference_n or_o superficies_n of_o a_o spherical_a body_n be_v of_o equal_a height_n from_o the_o centre_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o sea_n be_v such_o a_o spherical_a body_n can_v have_v that_o inequality_n which_o keckerman_n imagine_v it_o to_o have_v wherefore_o some_o other_o demonstation_n must_v be_v seek_v for_o this_o conclusion_n i_o will_v go_v no_o further_o then_o that_o i_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n concern_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o water_n where_o i_o have_v probable_o show_v it_o to_o be_v conicall_a and_o out_o of_o this_o may_v be_v easy_o gather_v how_o it_o may_v be_v high_a than_o the_o land_n in_o some_o place_n as_o of_o the_o middle_n of_o great_a sea_n where_o the_o head_n of_o the_o cone_n be_v lift_v high_o in_o other_o low_a as_o in_o the_o narrow_a streit_n where_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o eminency_n be_v also_o less_o the_o ground_n and_o principle_n of_o which_o we_o have_v lay_v before_o 1_o the_o sea_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v high_a in_o one_o place_n then_o another_o beside_o the_o natural_a conformity_n of_o the_o water_n to_o a_o conicall_a figure_n as_o we_o have_v foreshowed_n whence_o one_o part_n of_o the_o superficies_n must_v be_v grant_v to_o be_v high_a than_o another_o we_o must_v needs_o in_o the_o sea_n acknowledge_v other_o accidental_a cause_n which_o produce_v a_o inequality_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o chief_a whereoâ—_n be_v the_o equality_n of_o inclination_n in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o water_n to_o motion_n and_o the_o inequality_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o shore_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v every_o whereof_o itself_o equal_o incline_v to_o motion_n be_v notwithstanding_o unequal_o receive_v into_o channel_n so_o that_o in_o some_o place_n have_v as_o it_o be_v a_o large_a dominion_n to_o invade_v as_o in_o the_o main_a ocean_n it_o fall_v low_a and_o evener_n in_o some_o other_o place_n as_o streite_n or_o narrow_a sea_n the_o water_n have_v a_o large_a entrance_n from_o the_o ocean_n but_o little_a or_o no_o passage_n through_o it_o must_v needs_o swell_v high_a and_o so_o one_o place_n by_o accident_n become_v high_a or_o low_a than_o another_o which_o far_a to_o confirm_v diverse_a instance_n may_v be_v allege_v out_o of_o modern_a and_o ancient_a observation_n for_o diverse_a history_n give_v testimony_n that_o sundry_a king_n of_o egypt_n by_o cut_v the_o isthmus_n or_o narrow_a neck_n of_o land_n lie_v betwixt_o the_o red_a sea_n &_o the_o mediterranean_a labour_v to_o make_v africa_n a_o island_n &_o open_a passage_n from_o one_o sea_n to_o the_o other_o but_o afterward_o they_o be_v persuade_v to_o desi_v from_o their_o enterprise_n some_o say_v because_o they_o see_v the_o red_a sea_n to_o be_v high_a than_o many_o part_n of_o egypt_n and_o hereupon_o fear_v a_o general_a inundation_n of_o all_o egypt_n if_o the_o passage_n be_v break_v open_a other_o have_v deliver_v that_o they_o fear_v that_o if_o the_o passage_n from_o one_o unto_o another_o be_v break_v open_a and_o the_o red_a sea_n have_v a_o vent_n that_o way_n the_o red_a sea_n will_v become_v so_o shallow_a that_o man_n may_v wade_v over_o it_o and_o so_o instead_o of_o make_v africa_n a_o island_n it_o will_v have_v be_v more_o join_v to_o the_o continent_n then_o before_o both_o opinion_n consent_v in_o this_o that_o the_o water_n
as_o often_o it_o do_v to_o be_v set_v on_o fire_n for_o have_v water_n near_o it_o it_o may_v soon_o be_v quench_v whereas_o many_o little_a spring_n can_v afford_v so_o much_o water_n as_o will_v suffice_v for_o such_o a_o purpose_n last_o among_o other_o reason_n we_o can_v forget_v the_o pleasantness_n of_o fair_a river_n which_o be_v no_o small_a ornament_n to_o a_o city_n and_o delight_n to_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n 8_o thus_o much_o for_o river_n a_o lake_n be_v a_o collection_n of_o perpetual_a water_n nourish_v with_o fresh_a spring_n and_o have_v of_o itself_o no_o passage_n forth_o in_o this_o definition_n of_o a_o lake_n we_o have_v comprise_v these_o three_o thing_n first_o that_o it_o be_v a_o collection_n of_o constant_a and_o perpetual_a water_n second_o that_o it_o be_v continual_o feed_v &_o cherish_v with_o fresh_a spring_n rise_v up_o from_o the_o bottom_n three_o that_o it_o find_v no_o passage_n forth_o into_o the_o sea_n or_o otherwise_o by_o the_o two_o first_o it_o be_v distinguish_v from_o a_o great_a pond_n or_o stand_a pool_n call_v in_o latin_a stagnum_n for_o asmuch_o as_o a_o stand_a pool_n be_v common_o â—ed_v with_o rain_n water_n and_o have_v no_o spring_n from_o the_o earth_n whereby_o it_o may_v be_v long_o nourish_v be_v often_o time_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n exhaust_v it_o out_o by_o vapour_n either_o extraordinary_o diminish_v or_o altogether_o dry_v up_o whereas_o in_o a_o lake_n by_o reason_n of_o fresh_a spring_n the_o water_n be_v perpetual_a and_o remain_v sweet_a and_o wholesome_a except_o by_o some_o other_o accident_n it_o change_v its_o disposition_n for_o the_o latter_a clause_n that_o a_o lake_n find_v no_o passage_n forth_o it_o may_v be_v two_o way_n understand_v either_o of_o a_o visible_a or_o apparent_a passage_n outward_o through_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o sea_n or_o of_o a_o secret_a and_o subterranean_a passage_n under_o ground_n the_o former_a may_v again_o be_v understand_v of_o a_o passage_n forth_o immediate_o by_o itself_o or_o mediate_o by_o some_o river_n whereas_o we_o have_v say_v that_o it_o find_v no_o entrance_n into_o the_o sea_n we_o ought_v to_o understand_v it_o that_o immediate_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v account_v a_o continuate_a part_n conjoin_v with_o the_o sea_n nevertheless_o it_o may_v be_v disburden_v into_o the_o sea_n by_o some_o river_n run_v out_o of_o it_o as_o some_o will_v have_v the_o great_a river_n tanais_n not_o to_o have_v his_o head_n or_o fountain_n in_o the_o riphaean_a mountain_n as_o the_o ancient_n have_v teach_v but_o in_o a_o certain_a lake_n not_o faâ—re_v from_o the_o city_n tulla_n so_o volga_n &_o edill_n draw_v their_o original_n from_o a_o lake_n not_o far_o from_o moscow_n with_o many_o other_o of_o like_a nature_n what_o to_o think_v of_o the_o subterranean_a intercourse_n betwixt_o lake_n and_o the_o sea_n we_o will_v show_v in_o this_o theorem_a 1_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o most_o lake_n have_v some_o secret_a intercourse_n with_o the_o sea_n under_o ground_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o this_o point_n there_o want_v not_o reason_n the_o first_o reason_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n in_o most_o lake_n which_o be_v find_v without_o any_o great_a sensible_a difference_n to_o remain_v the_o same_o without_o any_o diminution_n or_o increase_n whereas_o if_o the_o water_n bind_v in_o with_o these_o limit_n shall_v have_v no_o passage_n out_o any_o way_n it_o shall_v increase_v to_o such_o greatness_n that_o it_o will_v easy_o overwhelm_v the_o bank_n to_o give_v a_o few_o instance_n we_o find_v that_o diverse_a very_o vast_a river_n exhaust_v themselves_o into_o the_o caspian_a lake_n as_o volga_n and_o edill_n which_o receive_v into_o they_o many_o notable_a river_n be_v at_o last_v themselves_o swallow_v up_o in_o the_o say_a lake_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o lake_n of_o palestine_n call_v the_o dead_a sea_n be_v know_v to_o receive_v into_o it_o beside_o diverse_a lesser_a river_n the_o great_a and_o famous_a river_n jordan_n here_o will_v i_o demand_v whether_o these_o great_a river_n perpetual_o cast_v themselves_o into_o a_o lake_n give_v a_o increase_n to_o the_o former_a quantity_n or_o not_o if_o they_o shall_v augment_v the_o water_n they_o will_v by_o consequence_n alter_v the_o bound_n but_o this_o be_v contradict_v by_o experience_n if_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n suffer_v no_o increase_n it_o must_v needs_o follow_v then_o that_o the_o water_n shall_v some_o other_o way_n be_v diminish_v as_o it_o be_v here_o increase_v this_o must_v either_o be_v by_o the_o sun_n draw_v up_o some_o part_n of_o it_o by_o vapour_n or_o by_o some_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n drink_v up_o some_o part_n of_o it_o or_o last_o by_o a_o subterranean_a passage_n into_o the_o sea_n concern_v the_o former_a it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o much_o water_n be_v draw_v up_o into_o vapour_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n yet_o that_o these_o vapour_n countervail_v the_o water_n perpetual_o bring_v in_o be_v in_o my_o conceit_n very_o improbable_a for_o against_o this_o quantity_n of_o water_n extract_v out_o this_o way_n of_o evaporation_n i_o will_v oppose_v these_o three_o thing_n which_o shall_v persuade_v a_o reasonable_a man_n that_o the_o water_n receive_v in_o shall_v far_o surpass_v the_o vapour_n exhale_v from_o it_o first_o that_o the_o vapour_n be_v stir_v up_o in_o the_o day_n time_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v lift_v above_o the_o horizon_n at_o such_o a_o height_n that_o his_o heat_n be_v somewhat_o strengthen_v whereas_o all_o these_o watery_a current_n never_o intermit_a their_o usual_a course_n never_o cease_v to_o run_v by_o day_n or_o night_n wherein_o be_v see_v a_o double_a advantage_n of_o the_o river_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o watery_a exhalation_n second_o of_o these_o watery_a vapour_n so_o draw_v out_o a_o great_a part_n must_v at_o diverse_a time_n return_v back_o or_o at_o least_o so_o much_o otherwise_o by_o rainy_a shower_n drop_v down_o into_o this_o lake_n three_o these_o watery_a part_n thus_o rarify_v and_o attenuate_v in_o vapour_n shall_v put_v this_o supposition_n in_o equality_n diffuse_v themselves_o abroad_o in_o such_o extraordinary_a manner_n that_o all_o the_o region_n round_o about_o shall_v in_o all_o likelihood_n suffer_v a_o great_a inconueniency_n of_o foggy_a exhalation_n on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v very_o unlikely_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v receive_v into_o empty_a cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n without_o passage_n into_o the_o sea_n or_o some_o great_a river_n disburthen_v itself_o thereunto_o for_o i_o will_v demand_v whether_o these_o cavern_n be_v ever_o fill_v with_o water_n or_o not_o if_o they_o have_v be_v fill_v how_o can_v they_o receive_v more_o water_n since_o the_o fill_n of_o any_o place_n suppose_v it_o to_o be_v first_o empty_a that_o they_o be_v never_o yet_o fill_v with_o water_n be_v far_o more_o unreasonable_a that_o any_o man_n shall_v imagine_v any_o caverne_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v so_o vast_a with_o so_o great_a current_n of_o water_n perpetual_o run_v in_o almost_o six_o thousand_o year_n shall_v not_o replenish_v especial_o consider_v the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n not_o far_o from_o the_o upper_a face_n to_o be_v every_o where_o spread_v with_o water_n round_o which_o may_v also_o help_v to_o this_o purpose_n wherefore_o it_o can_v well_o be_v imagine_v but_o that_o every_o such_o great_a lake_n have_v some_o vent_n or_o passage_n unto_o the_o sea_n either_o by_o some_o secret_a &_o subterranean_a channel_n or_o at_o least_o by_o some_o great_a river_n issue_v out_o of_o it_o and_o so_o run_v into_o the_o ocean_n another_o reason_n may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o current_n of_o some_o sea_n which_o be_v by_o good_a reason_n ascribe_v to_o this_o cause_n for_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o skilful_a navigatour_n that_o the_o water_n be_v carry_v by_o a_o very_a stiff_a course_n from_o propontis_n and_o the_o black_a sea_n into_o the_o aegaean_a and_o from_o thence_o into_o the_o mediterranean_a the_o original_n of_o which_o current_a mâ—y_n with_o good_a conjecture_n be_v find_v out_o in_o the_o caspian_a which_o by_o some_o secret_a passage_n under_o ground_n disburthen_v itself_o into_o the_o black_a sea_n cause_v it_o to_o enforce_v his_o own_o water_n far_o of_o for_o the_o receipt_n of_o the_o other_o three_o that_o these_o subterranean_a passage_n be_v not_o unlikely_a may_v be_v confirm_v by_o many_o river_n which_o be_v swallow_v up_o some_o whole_o some_o for_o â—ome_v place_n only_o of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v before_o also_o it_o may_v seem_v likely_a by_o the_o water_n spread_v round_o about_o the_o earth_n which_o through_o the_o bowel_n of_o it_o find_v a_o passage_n from_o the_o sea_n bear_v as_o
of_o river_n for_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o all_o river_n be_v high_a at_o the_o spring_n or_o fountain_n then_o at_o the_o place_n where_o they_o disburden_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n now_o although_o water_n be_v apt_a to_o slide_v away_o at_o any_o inequality_n yet_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a that_o in_o great_a river_n especial_o where_o the_o water_n fall_v oftentimes_o with_o violence_n as_o at_o the_o cataract_n of_o nile_n much_o inequality_n must_v be_v grant_v in_o the_o declivity_n of_o the_o ground_n suppose_v yet_o the_o water_n for_o every_o mile_n to_o gain_v two_o foot_n in_o the_o declivity_n of_o the_o ground_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o height_n very_o near_o to_o equalise_v the_o height_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n although_o 2_o foot_n in_o a_o mile_n be_v far_o less_o than_o can_v be_v imagine_v in_o so_o great_a a_o river_n the_o river_n which_o i_o take_v for_o a_o example_n shall_v be_v nilus_n which_o we_o shall_v observe_v to_o run_v about_o 50_o degree_n from_o south_n to_o north_n which_o resolve_v into_o mile_n will_v make_v 3000_o account_v for_o every_o mile_n 2_o foot_n we_o shall_v have_v 6000_o foot_n which_o will_v be_v near_o these_o 10_o furlong_n be_v a_o mile_n and_o 5_o part_n then_o allow_v for_o these_o mighty_a cataract_n where_o the_o water_n fall_v with_o so_o great_a a_o violence_n we_o must_v reckon_v a_o number_n of_o foot_n far_o great_a than_o this_o measure_n for_o every_o mile_n must_v the_o height_n of_o land_n above_o the_o sea_n be_v much_o more_o than_o of_o the_o mountain_n 4_o mountainous_a region_n be_v common_o cold_a than_o other_o plain_a country_n this_o proposition_n be_v not_o absolute_o to_o be_v understand_v without_o a_o limitation_n for_o some_o plain_a country_n near_o the_o arctic_a pole_n may_v be_v cold_a than_o some_o hilly_a region_n near_o the_o aequatour_n in_o regard_n of_o other_o concurrent_a cause_n but_o here_o we_o speak_v as_o the_o logician_n use_v caeteris_fw-la paribus_fw-la compare_v two_o place_n either_o together_o like_a or_o not_o much_o different_a or_o at_o least_o in_o our_o understanding_n abstract_v they_o from_o the_o mixture_n of_o all_o other_o consideration_n that_o this_o theorem_a be_v worthy_a credit_n diverse_a reason_n stand_v in_o readiness_n to_o justify_v the_o first_o may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o cause_n of_o heat_n in_o inferior_a body_n which_o be_v the_o reflection_n of_o the_o sun_n beam_n now_o that_o this_o reflection_n be_v of_o more_o strength_n and_o validity_n in_o plain_a then_o in_o hilly_a and_o mountainous_a country_n be_v evident_a first_o because_o as_o the_o opticke_n teach_v the_o ray_n be_v more_o join_v and_o combine_v in_o a_o plain_a then_o in_o a_o convex_n superficies_n for_o howsoever_o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v of_o itself_o spherical_a yet_o the_o convexity_n be_v not_o sensible_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o vastness_n of_o the_o circle_n whereby_o the_o convexity_n be_v make_v less_o it_o may_v optical_o be_v call_v a_o plain_a superficies_n second_o it_o be_v teach_v in_o the_o opticke_n that_o a_o reflection_n be_v of_o more_o validity_n in_o a_o equal_a then_o in_o a_o uneven_a and_o ragged_a superficies_n such_o as_o be_v find_v in_o mountain_n and_o uneven_a place_n a_o second_o reason_n why_o mountainous_a region_n shall_v exceed_v other_o in_o cold_a may_v be_v the_o vicinity_n of_o they_o to_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n for_o of_o all_o the_o region_n if_o we_o believe_v aristotle_n the_o middle_a be_v the_o cold_a as_o be_v more_o separate_a from_o the_o sun_n the_o fountain_n of_o heat_n and_o the_o high_a region_n far_o off_o from_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n than_o the_o low_a now_o since_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v affect_v with_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o air_n it_o must_v needs_o stand_v with_o reason_n that_o the_o more_o it_o shall_v approach_v to_o the_o middle_a region_n the_o more_o it_o must_v partake_v of_o its_o quality_n three_o that_o this_o be_v consonant_a to_o observation_n reason_n be_v urge_v by_o experience_n of_o all_o traveller_n who_o report_v the_o top_n of_o mountain_n even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n to_o be_v cover_v over_o with_o snow_n although_o situate_v under_o or_o near_o the_o aequinoctial_a circle_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v the_o alps_n in_o italy_n the_o mountain_n of_o the_o moon_n in_o africa_n andâ—_n in_o peru_n and_o tenariffe_n in_o the_o canary_n that_o snow_n shall_v be_v a_o effect_n of_o cold_a i_o need_v nor_o labour_n to_o confirm_v a_o four_o reason_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o other_o effect_n of_o cold_a or_o heat_n for_o it_o be_v daily_o prove_v by_o experience_n that_o such_o disease_n as_o chief_o follow_v heat_n especial_o the_o pestilence_n in_o egypt_n and_o such_o plain_a country_n be_v wonderful_a prevalent_a whereas_o hilly_a and_o rockic_a country_n by_o the_o benefit_n of_o nature_n stand_v in_o little_a fear_n of_o such_o inconvenience_n last_o no_o great_a argument_n can_v be_v draw_v then_o from_o the_o disposition_n of_o such_o man_n as_o inhabit_v such_o hilly_a region_n who_o have_v all_o the_o symptom_n of_o external_a cold_a and_o internal_a heat_n insomuch_o as_o â—odin_fw-mi seem_v to_o make_v a_o harmony_n and_o â—oâ—cent_n betwixt_o the_o northern_a man_n and_o the_o mountanist_a 〈…〉_z southern_a man_n &_o such_o as_o inhabit_v plain_a country_n ascribe_v to_o the_o former_a external_a cold_a and_o internal_a heat_n to_o the_o latter_a external_a heat_n and_o internal_a cold_a how_o far_o this_o comparison_n will_v hold_v we_o shall_v have_v more_o occasion_n to_o discuss_v here_o after_o when_o we_o come_v to_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n â—_o mountain_n since_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n have_v still_o decrease_v in_o their_o quantity_n and_o so_o will_v continual_o decrease_v until_o the_o end_n this_o observation_n blaucanus_fw-la i_o know_v not_o how_o true_o ascribe_v to_o his_o own_o invention_n but_o to_o what_o author_n soever_o we_o owe_v it_o we_o must_v needs_o acknowledge_v a_o pleasant_a speculation_n ground_v on_o good_a reason_n this_o theorem_a to_o demonstrate_v the_o better_a we_o will_v first_o lay_v these_o ground_n oftentimes_o beforementioned_a first_o as_o appear_v by_o testimony_n of_o holy_a scripture_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o beginning_n more_o perfect_o spherical_a overwhelmed_n everywhere_a with_o water_n 2_o that_o a_o separation_n be_v make_v by_o translocation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o some_o place_n admit_v of_o concavity_n become_v the_o receptacle_n of_o the_o water_n other_o place_n whereon_o these_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v heap_v together_o be_v make_v mountainous_a 3._o hence_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o earth_n thus_o swell_v up_o in_o high_a mountain_n be_v out_o of_o his_o natural_a site_n and_o position_n &_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n will_v endeavour_n by_o little_a and_o little_a to_o return_v to_o her_o former_a state_n and_o condition_n now_o that_o the_o earth_n have_v sensible_o suffer_v such_o a_o change_n since_o the_o beginning_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o show_v out_o of_o experiment_n the_o cause_n we_o shall_v find_v to_o be_v the_o water_n aswell_o of_o the_o rain_n as_o rivers_n which_o we_o shall_v demonstrate_v by_o these_o reason_n 1_o we_o see_v river_n by_o little_a and_o little_a continual_o to_o fret_v and_o eat_v out_o the_o foot_n of_o mountain_n whence_o the_o part_n thus_o fret_v through_o by_o continual_a fall_v down_o wear_v out_o the_o mountain_n and_o fill_v up_o the_o low_a place_n in_o the_o valley_n make_v the_o one_o to_o increase_v as_o the_o other_o to_o decrease_v &_o the_o whole_a earth_n to_o approach_v near_o to_o a_o spherical_a figure_n then_o before_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v warrant_v by_o a_o place_n in_o job_n 14_o where_o he_o say_v to_o god_n the_o mountain_n fall_v come_v to_o â—ought_n &_o the_o rock_n be_v remove_v out_o of_o his_o place_n the_o water_n wear_v the_o stone_n thou_o wash_v away_o the_o thing_n which_o grow_v out_o of_o the_o dust_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o these_o river_n in_o the_o valley_n continual_o eat_v through_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o foot_n of_o mountain_n be_v cause_v those_o slow_a but_o great_a ruin_n call_v labinae_fw-la a_o lambendo_fw-la by_o which_o sometime_o whole_a town_n and_o village_n have_v be_v cast_v into_o the_o next_o great_a river_n 2_o to_o prove_v that_o rain_n water_n challenge_v a_o part_n in_o this_o diminution_n of_o mountain_n we_o may_v show_v by_o the_o like_a experience_n we_o see_v plain_o that_o rainwater_n daily_o wash_v down_o from_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n some_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o high_a mountain_n
peninsula_n the_o most_o famous_a be_v africa_n scandia_n taurica_n chersonesus_n peloponnesus_n and_o america_n peruana_n that_o little_a parcel_n of_o land_n which_o join_v this_o peninsula_n with_o the_o main_a land_n we_o call_v a_o isthmus_n which_o be_v a_o narrow_a neck_n of_o land_n betwixt_o two_o sea_n join_v two_o continent_n such_o as_o be_v isthmus_n corinthiacus_n and_o isthmus_n cimbricus_fw-la more_o famous_a be_v those_o two_o narrow_a land_n whereof_o the_o one_o lie_v betwixt_o peruana_n and_o mexico_n in_o america_n the_o other_o divide_v africa_n from_o asia_n a_o promontory_n be_v a_o great_a mountain_n stretch_v itself_o far_o into_o the_o sea_n who_o extremity_n be_v call_v a_o cape_n or_o head_n of_o which_o the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n in_o africa_n 2._o the_o cape_n of_o s._n vincent_n in_o portugal_n 3._o the_o cape_n of_o comary_a in_o asia_n 4._o the_o cape_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr victoria_n in_o america_n our_o observation_n concern_v this_o distinction_n shall_v be_v comprise_v in_o this_o theorem_a 1_o peninsula_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n fret_v through_o the_o isthmus_n have_v oftentimes_o be_v turn_v into_o land_n and_o contrariwise_o sometime_o peninsula_n by_o diminution_n of_o the_o sea_n make_v of_o land_n this_o proposition_n be_v not_o hard_a to_o prove_v if_o any_o credit_n ought_v to_o be_v gruen_v to_o ancient_a writer_n for_o it_o be_v common_o relate_v that_o sicily_n be_v heretofore_o join_v to_o italy_n cyprus_n to_o syria_n euboea_n with_o boeotia_n besbicum_fw-la with_o bythinia_n all_o which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v land_n separate_v and_o divide_v from_o the_o continent_n the_o like_a have_v be_v conjecture_v of_o our_o britain_n which_o some_o imagine_v heretofore_o to_o have_v be_v join_v with_o the_o continent_n of_o france_n about_o dover_n and_o calais_n as_o may_v seem_v probable_o to_o be_v gather_v out_o of_o the_o correspondency_n of_o the_o cliff_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o this_o chapter_n before_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o soil_n the_o smallness_n of_o the_o distance_n and_o many_o more_o argument_n remember_v by_o we_o elsewhere_o also_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v on_o the_o other_o side_n that_o the_o sea_n in_o some_o place_n leave_v his_o ancient_a bound_n have_v join_v some_o land_n to_o the_o land_n make_v peninsulas_fw-la of_o land_n in_o this_o sort_n if_o we_o believe_v antiquity_n be_v antissa_n join_v to_o lesbos_n zephirium_fw-la to_o halicarnassus_n ethusa_n to_o mindus_n promiscon_n to_o miletum_n narthucusa_n to_o the_o promontory_n of_o parthenius_n in_o these_o antiquity_n it_o behoove_v every_o man_n to_o judge_v without_o partiality_n according_a to_o reason_n not_o ascribe_v too_o much_o to_o fabulous_a narration_n wherein_o those_o age_n do_v abound_v neither_o yet_o show_v himself_o too_o incredulous_a for_o as_o much_o as_o we_o can_v charge_v these_o author_n with_o any_o manifest_a absurdity_n the_o special_a and_o particular_a argument_n by_o which_o we_o shall_v establish_v our_o assertion_n we_o must_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o method_n reserve_v to_o the_o special_a part_n where_o we_o shall_v treat_v ofspeciall_a country_n chap._n xii_o 1_o of_o the_o perpetual_a accident_n of_o the_o land_n we_o have_v speak_v somewhat_o it_o remain_v in_o this_o place_n we_o treat_v of_o the_o casual_a 2_o the_o casual_a i_o call_v such_o as_o happen_v not_o ordinary_o at_o all_o time_n such_o as_o be_v inundation_n and_o earthquake_n 3_o a_o inundation_n be_v a_o overwhelm_a of_o the_o land_n by_o water_n howsoever_o it_o be_v certain_a out_o of_o holy_a scripture_n that_o god_n have_v set_v the_o sea_n his_o certain_a bound_n and_o limit_n which_o it_o can_v pass_v yet_o the_o same_o god_n sometime_o to_o show_v his_o special_a judgement_n on_o some_o place_n or_o age_n have_v extraordinary_o permit_v the_o sea_n sometime_o to_o break_v his_o appoint_a limit_n and_o invade_v the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o land_n this_o we_o call_v a_o deluge_n or_o inundation_n the_o inundation_n which_o ever_o have_v be_v observe_v on_o the_o earth_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o universal_a or_o particular_a a_o universal_a be_v that_o whereby_o the_o whole_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v cover_v with_o water_n whereof_o we_o have_v only_o two_o example_n the_o first_o be_v in_o the_o first_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n when_o as_o we_o read_v in_o the_o scripture_n the_o whole_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v round_o invelope_v with_o water_n which_o cover_v the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n till_o such_o time_n as_o god_n by_o a_o supernatural_a hand_n make_v a_o separation_n of_o the_o water_n from_o the_o dry_a land_n but_o this_o be_v improper_o call_v a_o inundation_n because_o the_o same_o proper_o take_v imply_v as_o much_o as_o a_o overflow_a of_o that_o which_o be_v dry_a land_n before_o the_o second_o as_o we_o read_v in_o genesis_n happen_v in_o the_o time_n of_o noah_n when_o god_n for_o the_o sin_n of_o man_n drown_v the_o whole_a world_n break_v open_a the_o cataract_n of_o heaven_n and_o lose_v the_o spring_n of_o the_o deep_a particular_a inundation_n be_v such_o as_o be_v not_o over_o the_o whole_a earth_n but_o in_o some_o particular_a place_n or_o region_n such_o a_o deluge_n according_a to_o genebrardus_n happen_v in_o the_o time_n of_o enos_n wherein_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v drown_v the_o like_a iâ—_n speak_v of_o ogygeâ—_n king_n of_o athens_n that_o in_o his_o time_n happen_v a_o very_a great_a inundation_n which_o drown_v all_o the_o confine_n and_o coast_n of_o attica_n and_o achaia_n even_o to_o the_o aegean_a sea_n in_o which_o time_n it_o be_v think_v that_o buras_n and_o helice_n city_n of_o achaia_n be_v swallow_v up_o whereof_o ovid_n in_o his_o metamorphosis_n speak_v thus_o si_fw-mi quaeras_fw-la helicen_n &_o buran_n achaidos_fw-la urbes_fw-la inuenies_fw-la sub_fw-la aquis_fw-la buras_n and_o helice_n on_o achaiâ—n_n ground_n be_v seek_v in_o vain_a but_o under_o sea_n be_v find_v as_o famous_a be_v the_o inundation_n of_o thessaly_n in_o deucalion_n time_n mention_v not_o only_o by_o profane_a writer_n and_o poet_n but_o also_o by_o s._n augustin_n jerom_n and_o eusebius_n which_o will_v have_v it_o to_o happen_v in_o the_o time_n of_o cranaus_n who_o next_o after_o cecrops_n govern_v athens_n this_o inundation_n be_v exceed_v great_a extend_v itself_o not_o only_o over_o all_o thessaly_n and_o the_o region_n adjoin_v westward_o but_o overwhelm_v the_o great_a part_n of_o italy_n the_o same_o or_o other_o happen_v near_o the_o same_o time_n oppress_v egypt_n if_o eusebius_n may_v obtain_v credit_n hence_o some_o will_v have_v the_o people_n of_o italy_n to_o have_v be_v call_v vmbrij_fw-la as_o pliny_n and_o solinus_n report_n quia_fw-la ab_fw-la imbribus_fw-la dilwij_fw-la superfuissent_fw-la but_o this_o etymology_n seem_v too_o far_o fetch_v there_o be_v also_o two_o other_o notable_a inundation_n mention_v by_o ancient_a writer_n which_o fall_v out_o in_o egypt_n from_o the_o river_n of_o nilus_n whereof_o the_o first_o cover_v all_o the_o neither_o egypt_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o prometheus_n and_o hence_o as_o natalis_n come_v observe_v be_v the_o fable_n draw_v of_o the_o vulture_n light_v on_o prometheus_n liver_n afterward_o slay_v by_o hercules_n for_o as_o diodorus_n siculus_n observe_v the_o river_n nilus_n for_o the_o swiftness_n of_o his_o course_n be_v in_o ancient_a time_n call_v a_o eagle_n this_o river_n afterward_o do_v hercules_n by_o his_o great_a skill_n and_o judgement_n streiten_fw-ge and_o bind_v reduce_v it_o into_o narrow_a channel_n whence_o some_o greek_a poet_n turn_v hercules_n labour_v into_o fable_n feign_a that_o hercules_n slay_v the_o eagle_n which_o say_v on_o prometheus_n breast_n mean_v that_o he_o deliver_v prometheus_n out_o of_o that_o sorrow_n and_o loss_n which_o he_o and_o his_o people_n sustain_v by_o that_o inundation_n the_o second_o of_o these_o egyptian_a flood_n happen_v about_o pharus_n in_o egypt_n where_o alexander_n the_o great_a build_v alexandria_n to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v many_o more_o of_o lesser_a moment_n as_o well_o in_o ancient_a time_n as_o in_o our_o day_n as_o that_o of_o belgia_n in_o some_o part_n mention_v before_o on_o another_o occasion_n and_o not_o many_o year_n since_o in_o some_o part_n of_o somersetshire_n with_o we_o in_o britanny_n 1_o no_o universal_a inundation_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v be_v natural_a the_o other_o may_v depend_v on_o some_o natural_a cause_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o inundation_n many_o dispute_n have_v be_v among_o natural_a philosopher_n some_o have_v trust_v so_o far_o to_o nature_n that_o they_o have_v ascribe_v not_o only_o particular_a inundation_n but_o that_o universal_a deluge_n in_o the_o time_n of_o noah_n to_o second_v cause_n of_o this_o opinion_n be_v henricus_fw-la mecliensis_fw-la a_o scholar_n of_o
perpendicular_a line_n be_v altogether_o insensible_a for_o if_o two_o perpendicular_a or_o heavy_a point_n move_v in_o a_o line_n shall_v be_v distant_a one_o from_o the_o other_o the_o space_n of_o 10_o a_o 100_o or_o more_o foot_n because_o this_o distance_n be_v very_o little_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o angle_n of_o concourse_n must_v needs_o be_v very_o little_a and_o by_o consequence_n those_o two_o ray_n or_o line_n measure_v the_o descent_n of_o two_o heavy_a body_n will_v seem_v altogether_o equidistant_a yet_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o concurrence_n nature_n and_o reason_n will_v easy_o consent_v hence_o we_o may_v detect_v a_o popular_a error_n believe_v of_o the_o vulgar_a that_o the_o wall_n of_o house_n stand_v upright_o be_v parallel_v and_o of_o equal_a distance_n when_o contrariwise_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o such_o wall_n be_v erect_v by_o a_o perpendicular_a and_o measure_v by_o perpendicular_a line_n which_o be_v draw_v out_o in_o length_n will_v meet_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o like_a may_v we_o pronounce_v of_o a_o deep_a well_o who_o side_n or_o wall_n be_v erect_v perpendicular_o and_o therefore_o shall_v it_o reach_v as_o far_o as_o the_o centre_n it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o side_n grow_v near_o and_o near_o as_o they_o approach_v the_o centre_n will_v in_o the_o end_n close_o or_o shut_v up_o into_o a_o pyramid_n who_o base_a shall_v be_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o well_o likewise_o if_o a_o tower_n shall_v be_v erect_v to_o the_o heaven_n it_o will_v be_v strange_a to_o imagine_v how_o great_a and_o broad_a the_o upper_a part_n of_o it_o will_v be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o bottom_n hence_o again_o it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o any_o pavement_n level_v by_o a_o perpendicular_a be_v not_o a_o absolute_a plain_n but_o rather_o the_o portion_n or_o arch_n of_o a_o spherical_a superficies_n who_o centre_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n but_o this_o roundness_n in_o a_o small_a distance_n be_v no_o way_n sensible_a but_o in_o a_o great_a pavement_n of_o four_o or_o five_o hundred_o pace_n level_v perpendicular_o it_o will_v make_v some_o show_n of_o roundness_n whence_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o a_o extraordinary_a great_a pavement_n measure_v over_o by_o a_o right_a line_n can_v be_v call_v level_a or_o equal_o poize_v forasmuch_o as_o it_o be_v not_o every_o where_o equal_o distant_a from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earthly_a globe_n 2_o two_o heavy_a body_n of_o the_o same_o figure_n and_o matter_n whether_o equal_a or_o unequal_a will_v in_o equal_a time_n move_v a_o equal_a space_n this_o proposition_n be_v invent_v by_o one_o johannes_n baptist_n de_fw-fr benedictis_n be_v cite_v and_o confirm_v by_o john_n dee_n in_o his_o mathematical_a preface_n to_o bill_v slie_n geometry_n which_o correct_v a_o common_a error_n of_o those_o man_n which_o suppose_v the_o light_a body_n general_o not_o to_o move_v so_o fast_o downward_o to_o the_o centre_n as_o the_o heavy_a the_o demonstration_n of_o this_o theorem_a be_v draw_v from_o many_o staticall_a principle_n which_o we_o can_v here_o convenient_o insert_v we_o be_v enforce_v to_o omit_v as_o intend_v not_o the_o search_n of_o these_o matter_n any_o far_a than_o they_o direct_v unto_o the_o knowledge_n of_o geographie_n yet_o be_v it_o no_o hard_a matter_n to_o give_v â—_o more_o popular_a expression_n of_o this_o reason_n out_o of_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o this_o weight_n of_o the_o heavy_a body_n and_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la because_o the_o great_a body_n as_o it_o be_v carry_v downward_o by_o a_o great_a force_n and_o violence_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o meet_v a_o great_a impediment_n be_v not_o able_a so_o soon_o to_o divide_v the_o air_n as_o the_o lesser_a likewise_o the_o lesser_a body_n fall_v with_o less_o force_n yet_o be_v more_o apt_a to_o divide_v it_o then_o the_o other_o whence_o both_o set_v the_o one_o against_o the_o other_o there_o will_v be_v no_o disparity_n in_o the_o time_n and_o motion_n 12_o of_o the_o primary_n conformity_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a body_n in_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n we_o have_v treat_v it_o now_o seem_v needful_a that_o we_o descend_v to_o the_o secondary_a which_o be_v the_o inclination_n of_o all_o the_o part_n to_o make_v a_o round_a sphere_n or_o globe_n 1_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v round_o and_o spherical_a this_o proposition_n be_v of_o great_a use_n and_o one_o of_o the_o chiefâ—â—â—_n ground_n in_o geographie_n the_o ground_n of_o the_o spherical_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o right_a motion_n of_o heavy_a body_n to_o the_o centre_n for_o this_o right_a motion_n as_o we_o have_v show_v do_v express_v one_o beam_n of_o the_o circle_n by_o who_o circumvolution_n be_v produce_v the_o circumference_n of_o iâ—_n which_o we_o call_v secundary_a conformity_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o so_o much_o as_o it_o grow_v mathematical_o as_o it_o be_v out_o of_o the_o first_o for_o this_o spherical_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n sundry_a sound_a reason_n be_v urge_v by_o geographer_n first_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v round_o according_a to_o its_o latitude_n that_o be_v from_o north_n to_o south_n second_o according_a to_o its_o longitude_n that_o be_v from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o therefore_o must_v it_o needs_o be_v absolute_o spherical_a the_o first_o part_n be_v show_v that_o it_o be_v round_o from_o nâ—rth_n to_o south_n for_o if_o a_o man_n travel_n from_o north_n to_o south_n or_o contrariwise_o from_o south_n to_o north_n he_o shall_v perceive_v nâ—w_a star_n in_o the_o heaven_n to_o appear_v and_o show_v themselves_o which_o before_o hâ—e_v can_v not_o see_v which_o can_v be_v refer_v to_o no_o other_o cause_n then_o the_o spherical_a convexity_n or_o swell_v of_o the_o earth_n as_o for_o example_n the_o star_n which_o be_v call_v canopus_n which_o be_v a_o notable_a star_n in_o the_o ship_n appear_v not_o at_o rhodes_n or_o at_o least_o from_o high_a place_n but_o if_o you_o travel_v forth_o southward_o from_o italy_n into_o egypt_n to_o alexandria_n the_o same_o star_n proclus_n observe_v will_v manifest_v itself_o to_o your_o sight_n the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o sign_n above_o the_o horizon_n sphaer_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v draw_v a_o sound_a proof_n that_o there_o be_v a_o spherical_a and_o gibbous_a convexitie_n which_o interpose_v itself_o betwixt_o rhodes_n and_o egypt_n in_o which_o place_n the_o people_n who_o inhabit_v that_o part_n of_o egypt_n which_o border_n upon_o arabia_n which_o be_v call_v trogloâ—ites_n of_o their_o dwell_n in_o cave_n can_v see_v any_o star_n of_o the_o great_a bear_n whence_o we_o may_v concluâ—e_v that_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n be_v round_o and_o spherical_a for_o if_o otherwise_o the_o earth_n be_v plain_a all_o the_o northern_a star_n will_v appear_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o southern_a region_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n all_o the_o other_o southern_a constellation_n will_v be_v see_v of_o the_o northern_a inhabitant_n which_o sense_n and_o reason_n altogether_o contradict_v second_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v round_o according_a to_o its_o longitude_n betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o two_o reason_n the_o first_o be_v take_v from_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o other_o star_n for_o as_o much_o as_o all_o they_o do_v not_o arise_v or_o set_v with_o all_o nation_n at_o the_o same_o hour_n for_o with_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o east_n the_o sunrising_n be_v soon_o with_o the_o western_a inhabitant_n late_a and_o that_o in_o such_o proportion_n that_o every_o 15_o degree_n measure_v out_o by_o the_o sun_n diurnal_a motion_n add_v or_o subtract_v one_o whole_a hour_n in_o the_o length_n of_o the_o day_n this_o be_v find_v by_o experience_n and_o testimony_n of_o cosmographer_n that_o the_o sun_n rise_v with_o the_o persian_a inhabit_v towards_o the_o east_n four_o hour_n soon_o than_o to_o the_o spaniard_n in_o the_o west_n sundry_a other_o the_o like_a example_n may_v be_v allege_v all_o which_o we_o must_v needs_o impute_v to_o the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n proportional_o increase_v betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n the_o other_o reason_n to_o confirm_v this_o last_o point_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n which_o will_v not_o appear_v in_o diverse_a place_n at_o diverse_a hour_n if_o the_o earth_n be_v plain_a or_o square_a we_o see_v plain_o that_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n appear_v soon_o to_o the_o western_a people_n but_o late_a to_o the_o eastern_a as_o according_a to_o ptolemy_n in_o arbela_n a_o town_n of_o assyria_n where_o alexander_n overcome_v darius_n the_o last_o king_n of_o
retain_v in_o itself_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o loadstone_n yet_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o liquefaction_n be_v altogether_o languish_v and_o as_o it_o be_v bury_v but_o upon_o touch_n of_o a_o loadstone_n be_v stir_v up_o to_o his_o former_a vigour_n for_o the_o magnet_n insinuat_v his_o incorporeal_a influence_n into_o the_o iron_n and_o so_o rectify_v and_o animate_v that_o force_n which_o be_v almost_o dead_a 2_o the_o magnetical_a coiton_n be_v strong_a of_o all_o in_o the_o pole_n this_o may_v easy_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o a_o experiment_n for_o if_o the_o iron_n needle_n which_o be_v propose_v to_o be_v attract_v and_o the_o pole_n and_o centre_n be_v place_v in_o the_o same_o right_a line_n then_o this_o coition_n will_v be_v to_o a_o perpendicular_a as_o in_o a_o and_o b_o to_o wit_n the_o pole_n in_o the_o diagramme_n but_o in_o the_o middle_a space_n they_o will_v oblique_o respect_v and_o point_n and_o by_o how_o much_o far_o off_o from_o the_o pole_n it_o be_v by_o so_o much_o be_v this_o virtue_n weak_a but_o in_o the_o equator_fw-la itself_o it_o become_v mere_o parallel_v without_o any_o inclination_n at_o all_o to_o know_v in_o what_o proportion_n this_o force_n be_v increase_v or_o weaken_v we_o must_v put_v another_o ground_n that_o the_o force_n of_o this_o coition_n be_v increase_v proportional_o as_o the_o chord_n of_o a_o circle_n for_o by_o how_o much_o the_o least_o chorde_v in_o a_o circle_n differ_v from_o the_o diameter_n so_o much_o the_o force_n attractive_a differ_v from_o themselves_o for_o since_o the_o attraction_n be_v a_o coition_n of_o one_o body_n with_o another_o and_o magnetical_a body_n be_v carry_v by_o a_o convertible_a nature_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o a_o line_n draw_v from_o one_o pole_n to_o another_o in_o the_o diameter_n direct_o meet_v with_o the_o body_n but_o in_o other_o place_n less_o so_o that_o the_o less_o it_o be_v convert_v to_o the_o body_n the_o less_o and_o weak_a will_v be_v the_o coition_n 3_o so_o much_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o magnetical_a coition_n it_o follow_v that_o we_o speak_v of_o magnetical_a direction_n which_o be_v a_o natural_a conversion_n and_o conformity_n of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n to_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o a_o magnetical_a body_n so_o seat_v that_o it_o can_v move_v without_o any_o impediment_n will_v turn_v itself_o in_o such_o wise_a that_o the_o one_o pole_n of_o it_o will_v respect_v the_o north_n pole_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o other_o the_o south_n which_o motion_n we_o call_v direction_n this_o we_o may_v plain_o see_v in_o a_o mariner_n compass_v who_o lily_n always_o respect_v the_o north_n point_fw-fr if_o a_o compass_n be_v want_v the_o same_o may_v be_v show_v in_o a_o little_a corken-boate_n which_o be_v put_v in_o the_o water_n with_o a_o loadstone_n in_o it_o will_v so_o turn_v and_o convert_v itself_o that_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o loadstone_n will_v at_o length_n point_n out_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n the_o manner_n how_o shall_v be_v disclose_v in_o these_o theorem_n 1_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o loadstone_n turn_v to_o the_o north_n and_o the_o north_n part_n to_o the_o south_n to_o confirm_v this_o assertion_n some_o have_v produce_v this_o experiment_n let_v there_o be_v cut_v out_o of_o a_o rock_n of_o loadstone_n a_o magnet_n of_o reasonable_a quantity_n let_v the_o two_o pole_n both_o north_n and_o south_n be_v mark_v out_o in_o the_o loadstone_n the_o manner_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v perhaps_o teach_v hereafter_o then_o let_v it_o be_v put_v in_o a_o corken_v little_a boat_n on_o the_o water_n so_o that_o it_o may_v free_o float_v hither_o &_o thither_o it_o will_v be_v evident_a that_o that_o part_n which_o in_o the_o rock_n or_o i_o point_v northward_o will_v respect_v the_o south_n and_o contrariwise_o the_o south_n part_n will_v respect_v the_o north_n as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o this_o figure_n let_v the_o magnet_n as_o it_o be_v continuate_v with_o the_o mine_n or_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v ab_fw-la so_o that_o a_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o north_n pole_n b_o the_o southpole_n let_v this_o loadstone_n be_v cut_v out_o of_o this_o rock_n or_o i_o &_o place_v on_o the_o water_n in_o a_o little_a timber_n boat_n which_o shall_v be_v cd_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o this_o little_a dish_n or_o boat_n will_v turn_v itself_o so_o long_o until_o the_o northpart_v a_o be_v turn_v to_o the_o southpart_n b_o and_o on_o the_o other_o part_n the_o southpart_n b_o be_v convert_v to_o the_o northpart_v a_o and_o this_o comformity_n will_v the_o whole_a rock_n of_o loadstone_n claim_n if_o it_o be_v divide_v and_o separate_v from_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o reason_n why_o the_o magnet_n in_o the_o boat_n on_o the_o water_n turn_v wind_v and_o seat_v itself_o to_o a_o contrary_a motion_n to_o that_o it_o primary_o receive_v while_o it_o be_v join_v to_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o unite_v to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o great_a magnet_n be_v because_o every_o part_n of_o a_o loadstone_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o whole_a whereof_o it_o be_v a_o part_n become_v of_o itself_o a_o perfect_a complete_a magnetical_a body_n as_o we_o may_v say_v a_o little_a earth_n have_v all_o the_o property_n of_o the_o great_a globe_n as_o pole_n meridian_n aequator_n etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o magnetical_a union_n speak_v of_o in_o our_o next_o theorem_a will_v in_o no_o wise_n endure_v to_o settle_v itself_o as_o it_o do_v before_o but_o deem_v it_o a_o thing_n more_o natural_a and_o of_o more_o perfection_n to_o turn_v his_o aspect_n a_o contrary_a way_n to_o that_o which_o he_o enjoy_v at_o his_o first_o constitution_n here_o may_v we_o note_v a_o great_a error_n of_o gemma_fw-la frisius_n who_o in_o his_o corollary_n upon_o the_o 15_o chap._n of_o his_o cosmographical_a comment_n on_o p._n appian_n affirm_v that_o the_o needle_n magnetical_o effect_v will_v on_o this_o side_n the_o aequator_fw-la respect_v the_o north-pole_n but_o be_v past_o the_o line_n will_v straightway_o turn_v about_o and_o point_n to_o the_o southpole_n a_o error_n as_o mr_n hues_n say_v unworthy_a so_o great_a a_o mathematician_n but_o gemma_fw-la frisius_n in_o some_o â—ort_n may_v be_v excuse_v for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o ground_n of_o magnetical_a philosophy_n be_v in_o his_o time_n either_o not_o discover_v or_o most_o unperfect_o know_v and_o the_o uncertain_a relation_n of_o navigator_n be_v repute_v the_o best_a argument_n and_o how_o easy_a a_o matter_n it_o be_v for_o a_o traveller_n in_o this_o sort_n to_o deceive_v a_o scholar_n who_o out_o of_o his_o read_n and_o experience_n can_v show_v nothing_o to_o the_o contrary_a let_v every_o man_n judge_v 2_o this_o contrary_a motion_n here_o speak_v of_o be_v the_o just_a confluxe_n and_o conformity_n of_o such_o body_n to_o magnetical_a union_n this_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o gilbert_n in_o this_o manner_n let_v the_o whole_a magnetical_a body_n be_v cd_o then_o c_z will_v turn_v to_o the_o north_n of_o the_o earth_n b_o and_o d_o unto_o the_o south_n part_n a._n let_v this_o magnet_n be_v cut_v in_o twain_o by_o the_o middle_a line_n or_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o point_n e_o will_v tend_v to_o a_o and_o the_o part_n f_o will_v direct_v itself_o to_o b_o for_o as_o in_o the_o whole_a so_o in_o the_o part_n divide_v nature_n desire_v the_o union_n of_o these_o body_n the_o end_n e_z willing_o accord_v with_o f_o but_z e_z will_v not_o willing_o join_v itself_o with_o d_o nor_o f_o with_o c_o for_o than_o it_o will_v have_v c_o against_o its_o nature_n to_o move_v towards_o a_o the_o south_n or_o d_o in_o b_o which_o be_v the_o south_n separate_a the_o stone_n in_o the_o place_n of_o division_n and_o turn_v c_o to_o d_o and_o they_o will_v convenient_o agree_v and_o accord_n for_o d_o will_v turn_v itself_o to_o the_o south_n as_o before_o and_o c_o to_o the_o north_n and_o e_z and_o f_o joint_a part_n in_o the_o mineral_n or_o rock_n will_v now_o be_v most_o sunder_v for_o these_o magnetical_a part_n concur_v and_o meet_v together_o not_o by_o any_o affinity_n of_o matter_n but_o receive_v all_o their_o motion_n and_o inclination_n from_o the_o form_n so_o that_o the_o limit_n whether_o joint_n or_o divide_v be_v direct_v magnetical_o to_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o the_o divide_a body_n 3_o if_o any_o part_n southward_o of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n be_v tear_v away_o or_o diminish_v so_o much_o shall_v be_v also_o diminish_v of_o the_o northpart_n and_o contrariwise_o if_o any_o part_n be_v take_v away_o in_o the_o northpart_n so_o much_o shall_v the_o virtue_n of_o the_o
the_o part_n whereof_o this_o terrestrial_a sphere_n consist_v may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n either_o as_o they_o be_v unite_v in_o the_o whole_a by_o a_o magnetical_a form_n or_o disjoin_v and_o take_v by_o themselves_o in_o the_o former_a the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v suppose_v to_o move_v in_o the_o same_o motion_n by_o which_o the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v because_o the_o whole_a and_o all_o the_o part_n take_v together_o be_v the_o same_o and_o subject_a to_o the_o same_o circular_a revolution_n notwithstanding_o this_o any_o part_n several_a and_o disjoin_v from_o the_o whole_a have_v a_o right_a motion_n downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n by_o which_o it_o return_v to_o its_o true_a natural_a union_n this_o inclination_n of_o the_o part_n agree_v not_o with_o the_o whole_a earth_n neither_o unto_o any_o part_n unite_v and_o conglobate_v to_o the_o whole_a but_o only_o to_o a_o part_n separate_v from_o his_o place_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a may_v notwithstanding_o in_o his_o place_n enjoy_v a_o circular_a motion_n now_o to_o come_v more_o near_o home_o unto_o their_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o homogeneity_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o answer_v as_o before_o that_o there_o be_v a_o twofold_a homogeneity_n the_o one_o of_o the_o matter_n and_o quantity_n the_o other_o of_o the_o magnetical_a form_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o former_a we_o may_v conclude_v out_o of_o the_o right_a motion_n of_o all_o the_o part_n the_o disposition_n of_o the_o whole_a so_o we_o understand_v it_o in_o a_o good_a sense_n first_o that_o every_o part_n be_v here_o to_o be_v understand_v not_o in_o but_o out_o of_o his_o proper_a place_n second_o that_o by_o the_o whole_a we_o ought_v not_o to_o understand_v the_o whole_a globe_n with_o all_o his_o part_n conform_v in_o one_o spherical_a frame_n but_o all_o the_o part_n indefinite_o take_v for_o if_o we_o shall_v understand_v of_o the_o whole_a globe_n their_o argument_n will_v in_o no_o way_n hold_v true_a if_o according_a to_o the_o late_a we_o may_v well_o grant_v they_o their_o conclusion_n yet_o can_v it_o not_o oppugn_v our_o assertion_n because_o it_o will_v follow_v out_o of_o the_o natural_a inclination_n of_o every_o part_n that_o all_o the_o part_n several_o take_v have_v such_o a_o disposition_n of_o return_v to_o the_o earth_n be_v separate_v there_o from_o yet_o will_v not_o this_o by_o any_o necessary_a inference_n be_v prove_v to_o agree_v to_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o rather_o will_v it_o follow_v contrariwise_o that_o the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v circular_o and_o therefore_o every_o part_n with_o and_o in_o it_o be_v move_v with_o the_o whole_a in_o the_o same_o motion_n a_o three_o argument_n which_o be_v think_v great_a than_o all_o the_o other_o be_v draw_v from_o two_o experiment_n the_o first_o be_v that_o a_o stone_n or_o bullet_n let_v fall_v from_o a_o high_a place_n to_o the_o ground_n will_v perpendicular_o descend_v to_o the_o point_n of_o the_o earth_n right_a under_o second_o that_o two_o bullet_n imagine_v to_o be_v of_o equal_a weight_n and_o matter_n be_v discharge_v from_o equal_a piece_n of_o ordinance_n with_o the_o like_a quantity_n of_o powder_n the_o one_o towards_o the_o east_n the_o other_o towards_o the_o west_n will_v reach_v a_o equal_a distance_n in_o the_o earth_n both_o which_o will_v seem_v impossible_a if_o we_o grant_v this_o supposition_n of_o the_o earth_n circular_a revolution_n for_o in_o the_o former_a case_n the_o earth_n slide_v away_o swift_o during_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o stone_n will_v change_v the_o point_n mark_v out_o for_o another_o and_o in_o the_o second_o for_o the_o like_a cause_n the_o bullet_n shoot_v towards_o the_o east_n be_v prevent_v by_o the_o swiftness_n of_o the_o earth_n motion_n carry_v along_o with_o it_o the_o ordinance_n out_o of_o which_o it_o proceed_v shall_v return_v back_o over_o the_o shooters-head_n and_o contrariwise_o that_o bullet_n shoot_v towards_o the_o west_n beside_o his_o own_o motion_n by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o other_o way_n shall_v be_v carry_v so_o much_o far_o as_o the_o earth_n be_v remove_v from_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v first_o discharge_v both_o which_o experiment_n seem_v to_o cross_v this_o circumgyration_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n which_o our_o magnetical_a cosmographer_n labour_v to_o confirm_v but_o with_o they_o to_o give_v a_o answer_n to_o these_o and_o the_o like_a experiment_n we_o must_v distinguish_v the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o three_o sort_n some_o be_v hard_a and_o solid_a part_n adjoin_v to_o the_o globe_n as_o stone_n mineral_n &_o what_o else_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v unite_v to_o it_o or_o at_o least_o necessary_o adherent_a to_o the_o outward_a face_n of_o it_o some_o other_o part_n there_o be_v of_o a_o thin_a and_o fluid_a substance_n as_o the_o air_n and_o other_o vapour_n in_o it_o derive_v from_o the_o earth_n a_o three_o sort_n there_o be_v of_o such_o part_n as_o be_v in_o themselves_o solid_a be_v notwithstanding_o by_o some_o violence_n separate_v from_o the_o solid_a globe_n as_o stone_n cast_v into_o the_o air_n arrow_n bullet_n and_o such_o like_a discharge_v from_o the_o hand_n or_o engine_n for_o the_o two_o former_a we_o may_v easy_o imagine_v they_o carry_v with_o the_o same_o circular_a motion_n which_o we_o assign_v unto_o the_o whole_a be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o part_n of_o it_o depend_v from_o the_o whole_a mass_n for_o the_o three_o sort_n whereof_o consist_v the_o difficulty_n we_o can_v imagine_v they_o so_o move_v round_o as_o if_o they_o be_v whole_o separate_v from_o the_o communion_n of_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n for_o howsoever_o there_o seem_v a_o separation_n according_a to_o matter_n and_o quantity_n yet_o retain_v they_o the_o same_o magnetical_a inclination_n to_o the_o whole_a mass_n as_o if_o they_o be_v unite_v to_o it_o and_o therefore_o such_o solid_a part_n be_v move_v with_o the_o same_o uniform_a and_o natural_a motion_n wherewith_o the_o earth_n itself_o be_v turn_v so_o that_o in_o solid_a body_n so_o separate_v from_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n of_o a_o arrow_n or_o bullet_n shoot_v we_o must_v imagine_v a_o twofold_a motion_n the_o one_o natural_a &_o uniform_a whereby_o they_o be_v move_v as_o homogeneal_a part_n according_a to_o the_o revolution_n of_o the_o whole_a sphere_n the_o other_o violent_a by_o force_n impress_v from_o the_o agent_n the_o right_a motion_n proceed_v from_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o shooter_n can_v cross_v or_o hinder_v the_o natural_a because_o the_o one_o be_v right_a and_o the_o other_o circular_a admit_v no_o such_o proportion_n as_o that_o one_o shall_v hinder_v or_o further_o the_o other_o neither_o can_v these_o motion_n well_o be_v term_v contrary_a or_o opposite_a which_o be_v in_o diverse_a kind_n to_o explain_v this_o matter_n far_o we_o will_v add_v this_o diagramme_n lâ—t_v the_o whole_a orb_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v imagine_v to_o be_v lqm_n who_o centre_n be_v a_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o air_n ascend_v from_o the_o earth_n o_o q._n now_o as_o the_o orb_n of_o this_o fluid_a substance_n of_o the_o air_n ascend_v uniform_o be_v move_v round_o with_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o must_v we_o imagine_v the_o part_n of_o it_o mark_v out_o by_o the_o right_a line_n oq_fw-la to_o be_v carry_v round_o with_o a_o unalterable_a revolution_n wherefore_o if_o any_o heavy_a body_n shall_v be_v place_v in_o the_o line_n oq_fw-la as_o for_o example_n p_o it_o will_v fall_v down_o towards_o the_o centre_n by_o the_o short_a way_n in_o the_o same_o line_n oq_fw-la which_o motion_n downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n can_v neither_o be_v hinder_v by_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n nor_o yet_o mix_v or_o compound_v with_o it_o it_o can_v be_v hinder_v because_o as_o we_o have_v show_v a_o right_a motion_n and_o a_o circular_a being_n not_o in_o the_o same_o kind_n can_v proper_o be_v repute_v contrary_a neither_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n can_v they_o be_v mix_v or_o compound_v wherefore_o this_o motion_n will_v be_v no_o other_o than_o one_o simple_a and_o right_a motion_n never_o vary_v from_o the_o line_n oq_fw-la which_o be_v once_o understand_v it_o be_v no_o hard_a thing_n to_o imagine_v a_o bullet_n or_o stone_n force_v by_o equal_a strength_n from_o q_o towards_o l_o and_o from_o q._n towards_o the_o point_n m_o to_o observe_v always_o a_o like_a distance_n notwithstanding_o the_o earth_n circular_a revolution_n have_v hitherto_o show_v this_o spherical_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v possible_a and_o no_o way_n to_o contradict_v nature_n we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o show_v it_o to_o be_v no_o way_n opposite_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o
not_o back_v with_o any_o necessary_a demonstration_n for_o it_o prove_v not_o thing_n else_o but_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o all_o earthy_a and_o heavy_a body_n and_o not_o to_o be_v absolute_o place_v in_o the_o exact_a middle_n of_o the_o world_n another_o reason_n not_o much_o unlike_o the_o former_a be_v draw_v by_o some_o from_o a_o final_a cause_n and_o the_o natural_a harmony_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o world_n one_o with_o the_o other_o the_o earth_n say_v they_o be_v of_o all_o other_o body_n the_o most_o vile_a and_o sordid_a therefore_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o nature_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n equal_o distant_a from_o each_o part_n of_o the_o heaven_n that_o one_o part_n may_v not_o seem_v to_o complain_v of_o this_o unpleasing_a vicinity_n more_o than_o another_o but_o this_o reason_n take_v as_o grant_v to_o matter_n as_o yet_o not_o decide_v first_o that_o the_o earth_n among_o all_o other_o body_n be_v most_o vile_a and_o sordid_a depend_v on_o the_o ground_n of_o peripatetic_n that_o the_o heavenly_a body_n suffer_v no_o corruption_n a_o thing_n soon_o speak_v then_o prove_v second_o that_o pure_a and_o impure_a body_n the_o most_o excellent_a and_o most_o vile_a in_o nature_n be_v always_o most_o distant_a as_o in_o nature_n so_o in_o place_n which_o be_v a_o peremptory_a assertion_n without_o ground_n a_o three_o reason_n more_o probable_a than_o the_o former_a be_v draw_v from_o the_o apparence_n of_o star_n above_o the_o horizon_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o star_n above_o the_o horizon_n appear_v always_o to_o be_v of_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o magnitude_n and_o quantity_n whether_o in_o the_o vertical_a point_n or_o in_o the_o east_n or_o the_o west_n or_o any_o other_o place_n whence_o we_o may_v collect_v that_o they_o differ_v equal_o in_o distance_n from_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o earth_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o world_n for_o if_o it_o be_v otherwise_o that_o the_o star_n in_o some_o place_n shall_v be_v near_o in_o other_o far_a ofâ—_n they_o will_v somewhere_o seem_v great_a otherwhere_o lesser_a according_a to_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o optic_n this_o reason_n howsoever_o popular_a seem_v to_o admit_v a_o twofold_a exception_n first_o because_o it_o imply_v that_o a_o man_n stand_v on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v equal_o distant_a from_o all_o place_n and_o part_n of_o the_o heaven_n whereas_o the_o heaven_n in_o the_o horizon_n be_v far_a distant_a by_o reason_n of_o a_o whole_a semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n interpose_v second_o all_o star_n arise_v in_o the_o east_n or_o set_v in_o the_o west_n ordinary_o seem_v great_a than_o in_o the_o vertical_a point_n by_o reason_n of_o vapour_n ascend_v and_o interpose_v whence_o we_o can_v well_o gather_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o midst_n from_o the_o like_a appearance_n of_o the_o star_n when_o experience_n teach_v the_o contrary_a that_o they_o seem_v not_o always_o of_o the_o like_a magnitude_n concern_v the_o first_o we_o answer_v that_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n interpose_v betwixt_o the_o superficies_n and_o centre_n be_v in_o itself_o great_a but_o this_o as_o we_o shall_v prove_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v so_o little_a that_o the_o sense_n can_v gather_v any_o difference_n in_o observation_n of_o the_o star_n but_o that_o they_o shall_v always_o appear_v of_o the_o like_a magnitude_n concern_v the_o second_o we_o must_v needs_o acknowledge_v that_o vapour_n ascend_v about_o the_o horizon_n by_o a_o opticall_a refraction_n make_v the_o star_n seem_v great_a than_o other_o wise_a they_o will_v do_v but_o the_o reason_n may_v be_v understand_v in_o this_o sort_n that_o whether_o a_o â—an_v be_v place_v in_o the_o same_o horizon_n where_o the_o sun_n be_v when_o he_o rise_v or_o under_o that_o horizon_n where_o the_o sun_n be_v now_o under_o his_o meridian_n or_o under_o that_o horizon_n where_o he_o be_v set_v he_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v of_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o greatness_n without_o any_o sensible_a difference_n whereas_o therefore_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o appearance_n of_o star_n they_o will_v have_v they_o take_v as_o abstract_v from_o all_o impediment_n of_o sight_n or_o interpose_v vapour_n and_o so_o the_o reason_n may_v obtain_v her_o force_n the_o four_o reason_n why_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v seat_v in_o the_o midst_n allege_v by_o ptolemy_n and_o other_o be_v this_o wheresoever_o any_o man_n stand_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n six_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n will_v show_v themselves_o and_o the_o other_o six_o sign_n will_v lie_v hide_v and_o by_o consequence_n half_o the_o heaven_n will_v appear_v the_o other_o half_o will_v be_v under_o which_o be_v a_o evident_a reason_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o midst_n for_o otherwise_o it_o can_v not_o so_o happen_v the_o former_a be_v confirm_v by_o ptolemy_n alphraganus_n and_o the_o best_a astronomer_n the_o consequence_n may_v be_v infer_v out_o of_o natural_a reason_n this_o argument_n will_v sufficient_o hold_v upon_o this_o supposition_n mention_v before_o and_o to_o be_v prove_v hereafter_o that_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o sensible_a magnitude_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o firmament_n no_o sensible_a difference_n can_v show_v itself_o betwixt_o the_o sensible_a and_o the_o rational_a horizon_n beside_o these_o reason_n which_o make_v the_o matter_n more_o than_o probable_a other_o be_v produce_v by_o ptolemy_n demonstrative_a â—ot_n admit_v any_o evident_a or_o probable_a exception_n or_o evasion_n the_o first_o be_v this_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v place_v out_o of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n it_o must_v have_v of_o necessity_n one_o of_o these_o three_o sites_n or_o position_n either_o it_o must_v be_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a or_o at_o least_o it_o must_v be_v place_v not_o only_o without_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a but_o without_o the_o axletree_n that_o be_v to_o express_v it_o plain_o it_o must_v either_o be_v place_v beside_o the_o axletree_n yet_o equal_o distant_a from_o both_o the_o pole_n or_o else_o it_o must_v be_v on_o the_o axletree_n and_o so_o consequent_o near_o to_o one_o pole_n then_o the_o other_o or_o three_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v beside_o the_o axletree_n yet_o near_o to_o one_o pole_n then_o another_o if_o the_o first_o position_n be_v admit_v these_o absurdity_n will_v of_o necessity_n follow_v first_o that_o in_o a_o right_a sphere_n there_o will_v happen_v no_o equinoctial_a but_o only_o in_o that_o horizon_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n for_o example_n sake_n â—et_o there_o be_v imagine_v a_o sphere_n bdce_n who_o centre_n be_v a_o let_v the_o equator_fw-la be_v de_fw-fr the_o axletree_n of_o the_o world_n bc_n and_o let_v the_o earth_n be_v in_o f_o the_o right_a horizon_n hg_v not_o pass_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n a_o which_o shall_v be_v parallel_n to_o the_o axis_n bc_n since_o the_o equator_fw-la cut_v the_o horizon_n in_o right_a angle_n it_o be_v most_o manifest_a that_o not_o only_o the_o equatour_n but_o other_o parallel_n of_o the_o same_o will_v be_v unequal_o divide_v of_o the_o horizon_n for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o pass_v not_o by_o the_o centre_n or_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n wherefore_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o day_n must_v continual_o be_v unequal_a to_o the_o night_n which_o contradict_v all_o experience_n because_o in_o a_o right_a sphere_n the_o day_n be_v always_o find_v to_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o night_n second_o out_o of_o this_o position_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o no_o man_n in_o a_o right_a sphere_n shall_v behold_v the_o half_a or_o hemisphere_n of_o the_o heaven_n but_o either_o a_o great_a or_o lesser_a part_n as_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v out_o of_o the_o same_o diagramme_n whereas_o sense_n can_v testify_v that_o six_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n be_v always_o conspicuous_a above_o our_o horizon_n and_o the_o other_o six_o always_o hide_v only_o except_v that_o horizon_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n wherein_o the_o mediety_n of_o heaven_n be_v conspicuous_a three_o the_o same_o star_n in_o a_o clear_a air_n shall_v not_o always_o seem_v of_o the_o same_o magnitude_n for_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v place_v in_o the_o equinoctial_a plain_n and_o beside_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o world_n towards_o the_o zenith_n or_o meridian_n the_o star_n which_o be_v in_o the_o meridian_n will_v appear_v great_a than_o in_o the_o east_n or_o west_n because_o they_o be_v near_o but_o if_o it_o be_v place_v near_o the_o nadir_n or_o midnight_n point_n they_o will_v appear_v great_a in_o the_o east_n or_o west_n then_o in_o the_o meridian_n if_o it_o shall_v be_v place_v towards_o
as_o mere_a point_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o orb_n because_o they_o sensible_o be_v see_v as_o part_n of_o these_o orbs._n but_o the_o earth_n be_v great_a than_o some_o of_o the_o low_a star_n as_o the_o moon_n whence_o we_o may_v with_o good_a ground_n aver_v that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v place_v in_o the_o moon_n he_o may_v behold_v the_o earth_n far_o great_a than_o the_o moon_n be_v observe_v by_o we_o in_o the_o earth_n wherefore_o no_o man_n can_v deny_v but_o the_o earth_n in_o itself_o have_v a_o great_a vastness_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v this_o greatness_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n we_o shall_v find_v this_o vast_a greatness_n to_o shrink_v almost_o into_o nothing_o and_o become_v as_o a_o mere_a point_n without_o sensible_a magnitude_n but_o this_o be_v not_o altogether_o general_a without_o limitation_n because_o the_o heavenly_a body_n be_v distinguish_v into_o the_o high_a and_o great_a such_o as_o be_v the_o firmament_n with_o the_o four_o high_a planet_n such_o as_o be_v saturn_n jupiter_n mars_n and_o the_o sun_n or_o the_o low_a and_o lesser_a such_o as_o be_v venus_n mercurius_n and_o the_o moon_n which_o difference_n in_o place_n and_o greatness_n admit_v a_o great_a diversity_n in_o this_o proportion_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o these_o two_o theorem_n 1._o the_o earthly_a globe_n compare_v in_o quantity_n with_o the_o firmament_n and_o superior_a orb_n of_o the_o planet_n have_v no_o sensible_a magnitude_n this_o proposition_n be_v support_v not_o only_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o many_o and_o grave_a author_n as_o aristotle_n ptolemy_n pliny_n alphragan_n and_o other_o but_o by_o diverse_a strong_a reason_n draw_v from_o experience_n and_o observation_n of_o astronomer_n the_o first_o argument_n shall_v be_v this_o which_o be_v most_o popular_a the_o sun_n and_o many_o other_o star_n in_o the_o firmament_n be_v find_v out_o by_o astronomical_a instrument_n to_o be_v manifold_o great_a than_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o appear_v they_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n but_o as_o a_o little_a point_n or_o portion_n then_o must_v the_o earth_n be_v in_o comparison_n far_o lesser_a be_v devoid_a of_o all_o sensible_a magnitude_n or_o proportion_n second_o if_o the_o earth_n have_v any_o notable_a quantity_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n then_o must_v the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v as_o great_a a_o quantity_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o sky_n for_o there_o be_v the_o same_o proportion_n of_o the_o diameter_n which_o the_o circumference_n have_v one_o to_o the_o other_o as_o be_v demonstrate_v in_o geometry_n now_o if_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v any_o notable_a magnitude_n in_o comparison_n of_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o sky_n than_o the_o star_n which_o be_v over_o our_o head_n be_v near_o unto_o we_o by_o a_o notable_a quantity_n then_o when_o they_o be_v either_o in_o the_o east_n or_o west_n for_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o star_n place_v in_o the_o vertical_a point_n be_v near_o by_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n then_o when_o they_o be_v either_o in_o the_o eastern_a or_o western_a point_n as_o we_o see_v in_o â—his_fw-la figure_n here_o set_v down_o acdb_n wherein_o i_o make_v e_o to_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n aeb_n the_o true_a horizon_n and_o of_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n now_o if_o the_o semidiameter_n fe_o have_v any_o sensible_a proportion_n then_o must_v g_o the_o vertical_a point_n be_v near_o to_o f._n then_o either_o a_o or_o b._n suppose_a to_o be_v the_o east_n &_o west_n point_n because_o ea_fw-la or_o ebb_v be_v the_o whole_a semidiameter_n of_o the_o celestial_a circle_n whereof_o fg_n be_v only_o a_o part_n but_o contrariwise_o there_o be_v no_o such_o diversity_n perceive_v in_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o star_n but_o that_o they_o appear_v still_o to_o be_v of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o greatness_n except_o by_o accidental_a interposition_n of_o vapour_n and_o gross_a body_n wherefore_o it_o must_v of_o necessity_n follow_v that_o their_o distance_n be_v all_o one_o in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o sky_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o sensible_a diversity_n in_o distance_n three_o hence_o will_v arise_v another_o reason_n no_o less_o forcible_a than_o this_o that_o if_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v any_o comparison_n or_o proportion_n to_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o sky_n the_o horizon_n that_o we_o have_v on_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v not_o divide_v the_o sky_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o part_n which_o be_v couch_v under_o the_o horizon_n will_v always_o be_v great_a and_o the_o other_o lesser_a as_o in_o our_o former_a diagramme_n if_o of_o have_v a_o notable_a quantity_n in_o comparison_n of_o ea_fw-la then_o will_v the_o line_n cfd_n be_v the_o horizon_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o earth_n differ_v notable_o from_o the_o line_n aeb_fw-mi be_v the_o diameter_n of_o the_o world_n and_o the_o horizon_n to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o shall_v not_o the_o horizon_n cfd_n divide_v the_o world_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n but_o the_o upper_a part_n shall_v always_o be_v lesser_a than_o the_o low_a which_o cross_v ordinary_a experience_n for_o we_o may_v see_v in_o long_a winter_n night_n that_o those_o star_n which_o be_v in_o the_o east_n horizon_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o night_n will_v be_v in_o the_o west_n at_o the_o end_n of_o twelve_o hour_n and_o contrariwise_o those_o star_n which_o do_v set_v in_o the_o west_n when_o those_o other_o do_v rise_v in_o the_o east_n shall_v rise_v again_o when_o the_o other_o shall_v set_v four_o if_o the_o earth_n have_v any_o sensible_a greatness_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n than_o be_v it_o unpossible_a for_o any_o sun_n dial_n to_o be_v regular_a and_o observe_v due_a proportion_n for_o we_o see_v the_o shadow_n to_o move_v as_o due_o and_o orderly_o about_o the_o centre_n of_o dial_n and_o such_o instrument_n as_o if_o their_o centre_n be_v the_o very_a centre_n of_o the_o world_n which_o can_v never_o happen_v if_o these_o two_o centre_n shall_v differ_v notable_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o express_v it_o the_o better_a we_o will_v set_v this_o figure_n which_o represent_v the_o three_o notable_a circle_n in_o a_o dial_n which_o be_v describe_v by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o three_o notable_a place_n of_o the_o zodiac_n to_o wit_n the_o two_o tropic_n and_o the_o equinoctial_a herein_o the_o uttermost_a arch_n blc_n represent_v the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n and_o be_v describe_v no_o great_a than_o the_o quarter_n of_o a_o circle_n because_o the_o sun_n place_v in_o the_o sign_n shine_v unto_o we_o but_o six_o hour_n the_o equinoctial_a be_v set_v as_o half_a a_o circle_n because_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o it_o appear_v unto_o we_o 12_o hour_n &_o be_v here_o note_v out_o by_o eif_n the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n contain_v 3_o quarter_n of_o a_o circle_n because_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o it_o there_o be_v eighteen_o hour_n from_o sunrising_n to_o sunset_n and_o that_o circle_n be_v ghk_n the_o centre_n of_o the_o dial_n be_v a_o and_o the_o style_n which_o give_v the_o shadow_n da_fw-la who_o top_n be_v d_o do_v describe_v those_o portion_n of_o circle_n with_o such_o exactness_n as_o if_o the_o dial_n be_v set_v in_o the_o very_a centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o hour_n show_v itself_o no_o otherwise_o then_o if_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o dial_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n to_o these_o argument_n i_o may_v add_v that_o if_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o sensible_a greatness_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o these_o superior_a orb_n either_o all_o or_o most_o of_o these_o absurdity_n will_v arise_v which_o follow_v their_o opinion_n who_o place_n the_o earth_n out_o of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n which_o we_o have_v before_o treat_v of_o 2_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n compare_v with_o the_o inferior_a orb_n have_v a_o sensible_a magnitude_n although_o the_o whole_a earth_n compare_v with_o the_o firmament_n and_o superior_a orb_n of_o the_o planet_n seem_v no_o otherwise_o then_o a_o point_n yet_o from_o this_o we_o must_v except_v the_o orb_n of_o the_o low_a planet_n venus_n mercury_n but_o especial_o the_o moon_n who_o be_v find_v by_o observation_n of_o diverse_a skilful_a astronomer_n to_o have_v a_o sensible_a and_o notable_a greatness_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o a_o manifest_a argument_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o parallax_n or_o variation_n of_o the_o sight_n wherein_o our_o observation_n of_o the_o same_o star_n at_o diverse_a place_n be_v
sphere_n the_o inclinatory_a needle_n shall_v conform_v itself_o in_o a_o parallell-wise_a to_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o that_o place_n pass_v the_o equinoctial_a line_n as_o to_o find_v out_o the_o meridian_n of_o any_o place_n we_o be_v to_o use_v the_o help_n of_o the_o directory_n needle_n so_o to_o the_o find_v out_o of_o the_o equatour_n and_o parallel_n the_o inclinatory_a needle_n be_v most_o necessary_a because_o the_o former_a respect_n the_o magnetical_a motion_n of_o direction_n the_o latter_a of_o declination_n now_o wheresoever_o we_o shall_v see_v the_o needle_n to_o conform_v itself_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o it_o may_v lie_v parallel_n with_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o may_v assure_v ourselves_o that_o such_o a_o place_n be_v under_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n the_o reason_n whereof_o we_o have_v give_v in_o our_o 3_o chapter_n out_o of_o the_o convertible_a nature_n of_o the_o magnet_n and_o here_o need_v no_o repetition_n only_o we_o will_v insert_v this_o one_o figure_n wherein_o the_o line_n cd_o draw_v through_o the_o centre_n of_o two_o inclinatory_a needle_n lie_v parallel_n to_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n a._n b._n will_v express_v this_o equinoctial_a line_n which_o we_o here_o seek_v for_o the_o magnetical_a inclinatory_a needle_n be_v set_v in_o a_o frame_n or_o ring_n make_v for_o such_o a_o purpose_n will_v under_o the_o equator_fw-la respect_n one_o pole_n no_o more_o than_o another_o but_o lie_v level_a with_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o horizon_n as_o under_o the_o pole_n it_o will_v make_v right_a angle_n with_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o horizon_n in_o the_o middle_a space_n betwitxt_v the_o equatour_n and_o the_o pole_n it_o will_v conform_v itself_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o it_o make_v certain_a angle_n with_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n though_o not_o equal_a yet_o proportional_a to_o the_o latitude_n out_o of_o which_o a_o ingenious_a artificer_n may_v deduce_v the_o parallel_n of_o any_o place_n without_o any_o observation_n of_o the_o heaven_n as_o be_v teach_v by_o instrument_n invent_v by_o gilbert_n ridley_n and_o diverse_a other_o which_o have_v undertake_v this_o subject_n 16_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o equatour_n we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o site_n we_o ought_v to_o consider_v the_o place_n of_o the_o equator_fw-la in_o respect_n of_o the_o world_n 1_o the_o equatour_n be_v a_o unmoveable_a circle_n who_o pole_n never_o vary_v from_o the_o â—ixt_a pole_n of_o the_o world_n whether_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o equator_fw-la have_v be_v any_o time_n vary_v from_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n be_v a_o controversy_n which_o have_v exercise_v the_o great_a wit_n joseph_n scaliger_n trust_v as_o it_o seem_v more_o to_o ancient_a history_n then_o modern_a experiment_n seem_v in_o two_o epistle_n not_o only_o to_o make_v a_o doubt_n whether_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o equatour_n have_v continue_v the_o same_o with_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n but_o supercilious_o as_o the_o manner_n of_o most_o critic_n be_v rather_o out_o of_o conjecture_n then_o reason_n to_o tax_v the_o common_a opinion_n of_o manifest_a error_n and_o absurdity_n the_o ground_n and_o original_a of_o this_o doubt_n grow_v out_o of_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n which_o have_v since_o the_o time_n of_o the_o ancient_n be_v find_v to_o be_v move_v out_o of_o their_o place_n or_o at_o least_o not_o to_o retain_v the_o same_o point_n in_o the_o period_n of_o the_o sun_n motion_n the_o chief_a instance_n be_v take_v from_o the_o star_n in_o the_o horn_n of_o aries_n which_o in_o hyparchus_n time_n which_o live_v above_o 60_o year_n before_o ptolemy_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v not_o much_o distant_a from_o the_o equinoxe_n and_o before_o he_o in_o the_o very_a point_n itself_o but_o in_o our_o time_n remove_v about_o 28_o degree_n off_o also_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o cynosure_n or_o polestar_n that_o in_o hyparchus_n time_n it_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o pole_n about_o 12_o degree_n which_o we_o find_v in_o our_o time_n to_o be_v scarce_o 3_o degree_n distant_a to_o salve_v this_o appearance_n ptolemy_n invent_v a_o slow_a motion_n of_o the_o starry_a heaven_n or_o firmament_n whereby_o the_o fix_a star_n may_v be_v remove_v far_o off_o from_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n in_o the_o ecliptic_a whence_o of_o a_o consequence_n the_o polestar_n shall_v not_o keep_v the_o same_o position_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o pole_n itself_o but_o vary_v his_o site_n according_a to_o the_o motion_n which_o opinion_n have_v a_o long_a time_n pass_v without_o contradiction_n till_o copernicus_n out_o of_o new_a ground_n seek_v for_o this_o motion_n in_o the_o earth_n to_o which_o he_o assign_v no_o less_o than_o three_o motion_n since_o copernicus_n arise_v joseph_n scaliger_n who_o contradict_v the_o common_a receive_a ground_n and_o yet_o for_o aught_o i_o see_v not_o trust_v to_o the_o supposition_n of_o copernicus_n will_v bring_v in_o another_o opinion_n to_o wit_n that_o the_o star_n of_o the_o firmament_n be_v not_o move_v from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o equinoxe_n but_o rather_o that_o the_o point_n be_v carry_v away_o from_o the_o star_n the_o decision_n of_o this_o point_n i_o dare_v not_o undertake_v better_a become_v the_o learned_a and_o industrious_a endeavour_n of_o our_o worthy_a professor_n m._n doctor_n bainbrigge_n and_o m._n henry_n brigges_n as_o best_o suit_v with_o their_o learning_n and_o profession_n ipse_fw-la semipaganus_fw-la ad_fw-la sacra_fw-la vatum_fw-la carmen_fw-la offero_fw-la nostrum_fw-la nevertheless_o as_o a_o learner_n for_o my_o own_o satisfaction_n i_o will_v willing_o enter_v a_o little_a into_o conference_n with_o this_o great_a and_o admire_a oracle_n joseph_n scaliger_n to_o sound_v the_o certainty_n of_o his_o ground_n that_o the_o polestar_n say_v he_o be_v so_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o pole_n as_o 12_o degree_n be_v no_o true_a observation_n but_o the_o error_n of_o hyparchus_n who_o afterward_o by_o his_o authority_n deceive_v ptolemy_n and_o he_o posterity_n the_o reason_n he_o allege_v be_v 1_o because_o eudoxus_n which_o be_v more_o ancient_a than_o hyparchus_n observe_v the_o same_o star_n to_o be_v in_o no_o other_o place_n then_o where_o now_o it_o be_v 2_o because_o that_o great_a light_n of_o astronomy_n copernicus_n perceive_v the_o equinox_n and_o solstitial_a point_n to_o be_v move_v be_v enforce_v to_o invent_v other_o ground_n but_o because_o his_o demonstration_n depend_v only_o on_o the_o apparence_n he_o seek_v out_o this_o effect_n in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n if_o it_o be_v manner_n to_o oppose_v so_o great_a a_o scholar_n as_o joseph_n scaliger_n i_o will_v ask_v a_o few_o question_n why_o we_o shall_v not_o credit_n the_o observation_n of_o hyparchus_n ptolemy_n and_o all_o posterity_n as_o well_o as_o of_o eudoxus_n since_o antiquity_n without_o consent_n &_o approbation_n be_v no_o great_a argument_n of_o truth_n nevertheless_o if_o the_o matter_n be_v well_o examine_v we_o shall_v perhaps_o find_v antiquity_n to_o be_v more_o firm_a on_o our_o side_n the_o same_o reason_n as_o i_o take_v it_o may_v be_v give_v for_o the_o star_n in_o the_o horn_n of_o aries_n as_o of_o the_o polestar_n because_o all_o the_o fixt-starre_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o be_v imagine_v to_o keep_v the_o same_o uniform_a site_n among_o themselves_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o the_o vary_a of_o some_o will_v disorder_v all_o the_o rest_n at_o least_o argue_v the_o like_a variety_n or_o change_n of_o all_o now_o to_o prove_v the_o star_n of_o aries_n to_o have_v be_v vary_a many_o of_o the_o ancient_n as_o master_n hues_n have_v observe_v live_v in_o diverse_a time_n have_v confirm_v the_o first_o star_n of_o aries_n which_o in_o the_o time_n of_o meto_fw-la atticus_n be_v observe_v in_o the_o vernal_a intersection_n in_o the_o time_n of_o thales_n milesius_n be_v before_o it_o 2_o degree_n in_o tymocharis_n age_n it_o be_v after_o it_o 2_o degree_n 24_o minute_n in_o hipparchus_n time_n 4_o degree_n 40_o minute_n in_o abbumazars_n 17_o degree_n 50_o minute_n in_o albarens_n 18_o degree_n 10_o minute_n in_o arzachels_n 19_o deg._n 37_o min._n in_o alphonsus_n his_o time_n 23_o deg._n 48_o min_n in_o the_o time_n of_o copernicus_n and_o rheticus_n 27_o degree_n 21._o min._n in_o our_o time_n about_o 28._o against_o all_o these_o testimony_n if_o we_o shall_v oppose_v the_o testimony_n of_o eudoxus_n and_o scaâ—iger_n we_o shall_v be_v think_v very_o partial_a to_o prefer_v they_o before_o the_o consent_n of_o antiquity_n eudoxus_n though_o very_a ancient_n be_v but_o one_o and_o the_o other_o one_o of_o the_o last_o if_o any_o shall_v object_v that_o eudoxus_n speak_v only_o of_o the_o polestar_n and_o not_o of_o the_o star_n in_o the_o horn_n of_o aries_n i_o answer_v as_o before_o that_o the_o same_o reason_n be_v to_o be_v
see_v in_o this_o figure_n wherein_o the_o line_n cd_o represent_v unto_o we_o the_o sensible_a horizon_n the_o line_n ab_fw-la the_o rational_a the_o former_a be_v call_v natural_a or_o physical_a because_o it_o come_v under_o the_o measure_n and_o apprehension_n of_o the_o sense_n the_o other_o astronomical_a because_o it_o be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o astronomy_n in_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o horizon_n into_o his_o part_n we_o ought_v to_o consider_v two_o thing_n first_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o horizon_n second_o his_o periphery_n or_o circumference_n the_o pole_n be_v common_o call_v zenith_n or_o nadir_n the_o zenith_n be_v the_o vertical_a point_n direct_o place_v over_o our_o head_n whereunto_o be_v opposite_a on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o nadir_n direct_o under_o our_o foot_n and_o therefore_o may_v be_v call_v the_o pedal_n point_n the_o part_n or_o intersection_n in_o the_o circumference_n be_v design_v out_o unto_o we_o by_o certain_a line_n discover_v the_o coast_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n these_o line_n be_v call_v either_o wind_n or_o rhumbe_n the_o wind_n with_o the_o grecian_n be_v only_a 8._o but_o the_o latter_a navigator_n have_v increase_v they_o to_o the_o number_n of_o 32_o whereof_o four_o be_v call_v cardinal_n to_o wit_n such_o as_o be_v direct_v to_o the_o four_o coast_n of_o east_n west_n north_n and_o south_n the_o other_o be_v collateral_a be_v place_v on_o each_o side_n of_o the_o cardinal_n wind_n the_o rhumbe_n be_v line_n pass_v by_o the_o vertical_a point_n of_o any_o place_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o compass_n go_v before_o now_o because_o one_o rhumbe_n answer_v to_o two_o coast_n or_o wind_n the_o number_n of_o the_o rhumbe_n be_v but_o half_a the_o number_n of_o the_o wind_n to_o wit_n 16._o here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o a_o rhumbe_n differ_v from_o a_o wind_n whereas_o a_o rhumber_n be_v one_o line_n point_v out_o unto_o we_o two_o wind_n or_o coast_n these_o rhumbe_n as_o they_o be_v conceive_v in_o the_o globe_n be_v think_v by_o nonnus_n to_o be_v the_o portion_n of_o great_a circle_n but_o learned_a mr_n hues_n in_o his_o book_n out_o of_o undoubted_a principle_n strong_o confute_v he_o the_o ground_n which_o he_o take_v be_v these_o first_o that_o all_o meridian_n of_o all_o place_n pass_v the_o pole_n and_o cut_v the_o equatour_n and_o all_o his_o parallel_n at_o right_a angle_n second_o if_o our_o course_n shall_v be_v direct_o any_o way_n else_o then_o towards_o one_o of_o the_o pole_n a_o new_a meridian_n must_v succeed_v and_o a_o new_a horizon_n three_o that_o the_o iron_n needle_n be_v touch_v with_o the_o loadstone_n show_v the_o common_a section_n of_o the_o meridian_n and_o the_o horizon_n and_o on_o one_o side_n perpetual_o respect_v the_o north_n on_o the_o other_o the_o south_n four_o the_o same_o rhumbe_n cut_v all_o the_o meridian_n atall_a place_n at_o equal_a angle_n and_o every_o where_o respect_v the_o like_a coast_n in_o the_o world_n five_o that_o a_o great_a circle_n draw_v by_o the_o vertical_a point_n if_o remove_v from_o the_o equatour_n can_v cut_v diverse_a meridian_n at_o equal_a angle_n six_o a_o great_a circle_n draw_v by_o the_o vertical_a point_n of_o any_o place_n make_v great_a angle_n with_o all_o other_o meridian_n then_o with_o that_o from_o which_o it_o be_v first_o draw_v whence_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o line_n which_o shall_v be_v suppose_v to_o make_v angle_n with_o diverse_a meridian_n as_o the_o rhumbe_n shall_v be_v bow_v towards_o the_o meridian_n i_o know_v not_o what_o will_v be_v more_o say_v against_o the_o opinion_n of_o p._n nonnus_n who_o will_v have_v all_o the_o rhumbe_n to_o be_v portion_n of_o great_a circle_n to_o illustrate_v further_o the_o nature_n and_o use_n of_o the_o horizon_n we_o will_v insert_v these_o theorem_n 2_o the_o sensible_a and_o rational_a horizon_n in_o the_o earth_n be_v much_o different_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o firmament_n all_o one_o 6._o it_o may_v be_v gather_v out_o of_o the_o supposition_n of_o ptolemy_n and_o alphraganus_n and_o almost_o all_o other_o astronomer_n that_o no_o man_n be_v place_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v precise_o see_v the_o half_a of_o it_o for_o that_o horizon_n which_o terminate_v our_o sight_n as_o we_o have_v show_v be_v a_o plain_a superficies_n every_o way_n circular_o extend_v in_o the_o earth_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o man_n place_v either_o in_o the_o sea_n in_o a_o ship_n or_o in_o a_o great_a field_n or_o country_n will_v think_v the_o visible_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v plain_a who_o end_n will_v seem_v to_o touch_v the_o heaven_n whence_o must_v needs_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o such_o a_o horizon_n can_v divide_v the_o sphere_n of_o the_o â—arth_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n for_o so_o much_o will_v be_v find_v want_v as_o be_v measure_v betwixt_o that_o superficies_n which_o touch_v the_o earth_n and_o that_o which_o pass_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o it_o equidistant_a from_o the_o other_o for_o this_o late_a only_o can_v divide_v the_o earth_n into_o 2_o equal_a part_n 1._o according_a to_o theodosius_n and_o may_v well_o be_v see_v in_o the_o 149._o former_a figure_n wherein_o be_v express_v both_o orison_n as_o well_o the_o visible_a as_o invisible_a touch_v the_o sphere_n in_o a_o point_n on_o the_o superficies_n as_o the_o rational_a pass_v by_o the_o centre_n nevertheless_o we_o must_v consider_v that_o the_o quantity_n intercept_v betwixt_o these_o two_o orison_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v of_o little_a or_o no_o moment_n compare_v with_o the_o whole_a frame_n of_o the_o heaven_n for_o since_o the_o heaven_n be_v so_o far_o distant_a from_o we_o it_o will_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o if_o two_o equidistant_a line_n shall_v be_v draw_v the_o one_o from_o the_o eye_n the_o other_o from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o firmament_n they_o will_v according_a to_o sense_n appear_v one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o wonderful_a distance_n as_o we_o see_v in_o a_o long_a gallery_n who_o wall_n have_v a_o equal_a distance_n the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o the_o wall_n will_v notwithstanding_o according_a to_o opticall_a principle_n seem_v wide_a where_o they_o be_v near_o and_o to_o close_v and_o shut_v up_o at_o the_o end_n or_o at_o least_o to_o concur_v near_o much_o more_o must_v we_o imagine_v this_o to_o happen_v in_o the_o sight_n if_o we_o compare_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o firmament_n with_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o who_o magnitude_n we_o shall_v find_v a_o incomparable_a disparity_n this_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o apparence_n for_o we_o shall_v see_v the_o six_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n conspicuous_a above_o our_o horizon_n and_o the_o other_o six_o under_o it_o hide_v from_o our_o sight_n also_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n when_o they_o be_v diametral_o oppose_v almost_o at_o the_o same_o moment_n will_v appear_v the_o one_o in_o the_o east_n the_o other_o in_o the_o west_n at_o least_o the_o one_o will_v rise_v soon_o upon_o the_o set_n of_o the_o other_o and_o if_o we_o believe_v pliny_n the_o moon_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v eclipse_v in_o the_o east_n point_n the_o sun_n at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v in_o a_o sort_n above_o the_o horizon_n in_o the_o west_n such_o a_o eclipse_n can_v not_o happen_v without_o a_o diametrall_a opposition_n of_o the_o two_o light_n and_o therefore_o can_v the_o sensible_n and_o the_o rational_a horizon_n have_v no_o sensible_a difference_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o firmament_n 2_o the_o sensible_a horizon_n may_v be_v great_a or_o lesser_a according_a to_o the_o nature_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o place_n in_o this_o consideration_n we_o take_v no_o notice_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o sight_n whether_o they_o be_v weak_a or_o sharp_a but_o suppose_v a_o eye_n sufficient_a to_o ken_v so_o far_o in_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o place_n will_v permit_v the_o difference_n then_o betwixt_o diverse_a orison_n must_v be_v seek_v out_o in_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o place_n a_o sight_n place_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a mountain_n may_v see_v much_o far_a than_o one_o in_o a_o low_a valley_n compass_v about_o with_o hill_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o sensible_a horizon_n which_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o ray_n or_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o the_o visible_a earth_n be_v much_o great_a the_o most_o indifferent_a judgement_n of_o this_o horizon_n may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n beyond_o sight_n of_o land_n for_o a_o man_n thereon_o sail_v in_o a_o ship_n may_v perceive_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o a_o plain_a on_o every_o side_n to_o bound_v the_o sight_n in_o a_o round_a circle_n
part_n of_o the_o earth_n because_o such_o as_o dwell_v direct_o under_o the_o equatour_n or_o either_o of_o the_o pole_n although_o they_o may_v be_v antipode_n agree_v not_o to_o that_o definition_n by_o reason_n the_o former_a be_v antipode_n only_o in_o opposite_a point_n of_o the_o equatour_n the_o other_o of_o the_o meridian_n whether_o there_o be_v any_o antipode_n or_o no_o be_v make_v a_o question_n among_o the_o ancient_n in_o so_o much_o that_o saint_n augustine_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr civitate_fw-la dei_fw-la and_o lactantius_n in_o his_o three_o book_n of_o institution_n seem_v stiff_o to_o defend_v the_o contrary_a which_o opinion_n be_v suppose_v to_o grow_v out_o of_o their_o contempt_n or_o neglect_n of_o mathematical_a study_n in_o those_o age_n wherein_o the_o zeal_n to_o religion_n be_v most_o unnecessary_o oppose_v to_o philosophy_n and_o the_o mistress_n forsake_v of_o her_o best_a handmaiden_n which_o ignorance_n of_o the_o ancient_n be_v so_o far_o derive_v to_o posterity_n that_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o saviour_n 745_o one_o boniface_n bishop_n of_o man_n be_v accuse_v before_o the_o pope_n zachary_n virgilius_n bishop_n of_o salisburg_n for_o heresy_n in_o that_o he_o aver_v there_o be_v antipode_n the_o matter_n be_v first_o prefer_v to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o a_o appeal_v make_v unto_o the_o pope_n it_o happen_v that_o the_o honest_a bishop_n for_o this_o assertion_n be_v flat_o condemn_v for_o heretical_a doctrine_n and_o enforce_v to_o recant_v his_o opinion_n yet_o be_v it_o wonderful_a how_o such_o matter_n be_v thus_o decide_v for_o grant_v these_o two_o easy_a ground_n first_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v spherical_a a_o proposition_n prove_v in_o their_o time_n 2_o that_o every_o place_n or_o at_o least_o two_o opposite_a place_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n may_v be_v habitable_a it_o must_v of_o necessity_n follow_v that_o such_o antipode_n must_v be_v grant_v which_o make_v i_o to_o imagine_v that_o saint_n augustine_n absolute_o and_o gross_o deny_v not_o the_o antipode_n because_o in_o set_v down_o the_o premise_n and_o ground_n of_o our_o opinion_n he_o seem_v to_o understand_v they_o too_o well_o to_o deny_v a_o necessary_a induction_n be_v a_o man_n of_o so_o great_a a_o wit_n and_o apprehension_n but_o questionless_a he_o think_v that_o the_o torrid_a zone_n which_o by_o most_o of_o the_o ancient_n in_o his_o time_n be_v repute_v unhabitable_a and_o unpassable_a no_o man_n have_v yet_o set_v his_o foot_n in_o those_o remote_a part_n beyond_o the_o line_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v in_o he_o not_o to_o arise_v out_o of_o ignorance_n of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o earthly_a globe_n but_o out_o of_o the_o receive_v opinion_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o the_o vast_a ocean_n the_o one_o of_o which_o he_o hold_v unhabitable_a the_o other_o unpassable_a from_o whence_o also_o spring_v up_o a_o argument_n or_o rather_o a_o idle_a fancy_n that_o the_o antipode_n can_v not_o be_v admit_v without_o grant_v another_o saviour_n and_o another_o kind_n of_o man_n beside_o adam_n posterity_n for_o if_o this_o conjecture_n have_v not_o take_v place_n the_o pope_n i_o suppose_v will_v never_o have_v prove_v himself_o so_o ridiculous_a a_o judge_n as_o to_o have_v condemn_v virgilius_n for_o heresy_n as_o for_o lactantius_n howsoever_o otherwise_o a_o pious_a eloquent_a father_n the_o weakness_n and_o childishness_n of_o his_o argument_n will_v to_o any_o indifferent_a reader_n discover_v his_o ignorance_n in_o the_o very_a first_o rudiment_n of_o cosmographie_n here_o we_o may_v learn_v how_o far_o religion_n itself_o be_v wrong_v by_o such_o who_o set_v her_o opposite_a to_o all_o her_o servant_n but_o whatsoever_o the_o ancient_n out_o of_o their_o glimmer_a reason_n have_v conjecture_v our_o time_n have_v sufficient_o decide_v this_o controversy_n wherein_o such_o antipode_n be_v establish_v both_o by_o reason_n and_o experience_n which_o matâ—er_n we_o shall_v reserve_v to_o our_o second_o book_n wherein_o we_o shall_v declare_v how_o far_o and_o in_o what_o sense_n the_o earth_n may_v be_v term_v habitable_a 1_o those_o which_o be_v to_o we_o perioeci_n be_v the_o antoeci_n to_o our_o antipode_n our_o antoeci_n the_o periaeci_n to_o our_o antipode_n likewise_o our_o perioeci_n be_v the_o antipode_n to_o our_o antaeci_n this_o proposition_n as_o a_o corollary_n may_v by_o necessary_a consequence_n be_v deduce_v out_o of_o the_o precedent_a definition_n and_o be_v well_o express_v out_o of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o artificial_a globe_n and_o needs_o no_o far_a demonstration_n 2_o the_o perioeci_n antoeci_n and_o antipode_n be_v diverse_o distinguish_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o celestial_a apparence_n the_o propriety_n of_o the_o perioeci_n be_v chief_o four_o 1_o they_o have_v the_o same_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n and_o therefore_o the_o same_o temper_n of_o the_o year_n and_o the_o same_o length_n of_o day_n and_o night_n 2_o they_o dwell_v east_n and_o west_n in_o regard_n one_o of_o the_o other_o 3_o they_o have_v contrary_a time_n of_o day_n and_o night_n for_o when_o the_o one_o have_v his_o noon_n the_o other_o enjoy_v his_o midnight_n likewise_o when_o the_o sun_n with_o the_o one_o rise_v it_o set_v with_o the_o other_o 4_o they_o have_v the_o same_o zone_n climate_n and_o parallel_n but_o differ_v by_o a_o semicircle_n to_o wit_n 180_o degree_n to_o the_o antoeci_n they_o have_v likewise_o assign_v 5_o propriety_n viz._n 1_o they_o inhabit_v the_o like_a zone_n but_o in_o diverse_a hemisphere_n 2_o they_o have_v the_o same_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n but_o not_o of_o the_o same_o pole_n because_o the_o one_o see_v the_o pole_n arctic_a the_o other_o the_o pole_n antarcticke_a equal_o raise_v above_o his_o horizon_n 3_o they_o have_v noon_n and_o midnight_n just_a at_o the_o same_o time_n 4_o they_o enjoy_v the_o same_o temper_n of_o the_o heaven_n 5_o they_o have_v the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n contrary_a for_o when_o the_o southern_a antoeci_n have_v their_o summer_n the_o northern_a have_v their_o winter_n and_o contrariwise_o when_o the_o northern_a have_v their_o spring_n these_o have_v their_o autumn_n to_o the_o antipode_n they_o have_v allot_v 3_o propriety_n 1_o that_o they_o have_v the_o same_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n though_o not_o of_o the_o same_o pole_n 2_o they_o have_v the_o same_o temper_n of_o the_o year_n and_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o day_n and_o night_n 3_o they_o have_v all_o the_o other_o accident_n contrary_a for_o when_o the_o one_o have_v night_n the_o other_o have_v day_n when_o one_o winter_n the_o other_o summer_n when_o the_o one_o the_o spring_n the_o other_o autumn_n and_o contrariwise_o these_o accident_n and_o propriety_n here_o mention_v must_v be_v understand_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n only_o the_o quality_n arise_v from_o diverse_a other_o accidental_a and_o particular_a cause_n in_o diverse_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o shall_v differre_fw-la unto_o our_o second_o part_n chap._n xi_o of_o the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n 1_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n according_a to_o certain_a space_n be_v former_o explain_v we_o be_v now_o to_o treat_v of_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o say_a sphere_n according_a to_o certain_a distance_n 2_o a_o distance_n here_o we_o understand_v to_o be_v a_o direct_a line_n draw_v betwixt_o two_o point_n in_o the_o earth_n such_o a_o distance_n be_v twofold_a either_o simple_a or_o comparative_a 3_o the_o simple_a distance_n be_v take_v from_o the_o two_o great_a circle_n to_o wit_v the_o meridian_n or_o the_o equatour_n which_o be_v either_o the_o longitude_n or_o latitude_n the_o division_n of_o distance_n into_o the_o simple_a or_o comparative_a be_v most_o necessary_a for_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n for_o a_o place_n absolute_o take_v in_o itself_o to_o be_v distant_a from_o some_o fix_a point_n or_o other_o in_o the_o globe_n another_o for_o two_o place_n to_o be_v compare_v betwixt_o themselves_o in_o regard_n of_o such_o a_o fix_a point_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o former_a imply_v only_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o two_o point_n the_o other_o the_o distance_n of_o two_o such_o point_n or_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o three_o these_o point_n from_o which_o such_o point_n be_v say_v to_o be_v distant_a be_v either_o find_v in_o the_o meridian_n circle_n from_o which_o the_o distance_n be_v call_v longitude_n or_o else_o in_o the_o equatour_n whence_o we_o call_v it_o latitude_n 4_o the_o longitude_n be_v the_o distance_n of_o any_o place_n eastward_o from_o the_o first_o meridian_n to_o understand_v the_o better_a the_o longitude_n we_o must_v consider_v that_o it_o may_v be_v take_v two_o way_n either_o general_o or_o special_o in_o the_o former_a sense_n it_o be_v take_v for_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n stretch_v from_o the_o west_n unto_o the_o east_n
by_o the_o ray_n eglantine_n so_o that_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o fix_a star_n will_v be_v in_o that_o station_n the_o arch_n of_o the_o circle_n cg_n now_o by_o the_o first_o common_a axiom_n of_o euclid_n every_o man_n must_v grant_v that_o the_o arch_n of_o bg_n be_v great_a than_o cg_n the_o former_a be_v the_o whole_a and_o this_o the_o part_n second_o out_o of_o the_o same_o ground_n we_o may_v as_o easy_o collect_v that_o this_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o moon_n and_o some_o other_o know_v fix_a star_n be_v vary_v proportional_o according_a to_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n on_o the_o earth_n because_o so_o many_o place_n as_o there_o be_v so_o many_o diversity_n of_o aspect_n will_v arise_v be_v increase_v or_o diminish_v according_a to_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n on_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n this_o conclusion_n thus_o demonstrate_v we_o must_v proceed_v to_o practice_n in_o this_o manner_n as_o be_v teach_v by_o gemma_fw-la frisius_n first_o it_o behoove_v you_o to_o search_v out_o by_o the_o help_n of_o astronomical_a table_n the_o true_a motion_n of_o the_o moon_n according_a to_o the_o longitude_n at_o that_o time_n of_o your_o observation_n at_o some_o certain_a place_n for_o who_o meridian_n the_o root_n of_o those_o table_n be_v calculate_v 2._o you_o must_v know_v the_o degree_n of_o longitude_n of_o some_o fix_a star_n nigh_o unto_o the_o ecliptic_a either_o precede_a or_o follow_v the_o move_n of_o the_o moon_n 3._o you_o must_v seek_v out_o the_o distance_n of_o move_v of_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o say_a star_n 4._o the_o distance_n once_o have_v apply_v the_o crosse-staffe_n to_o your_o sight_n and_o so_o move_v the_o cross_n to_o and_o fro_o till_o you_o may_v behold_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o moon_n at_o the_o one_o end_n and_o the_o fix_a star_n with_o the_o other_o so_o shall_v you_o see_v express_v by_o the_o degree_n and_o minute_n mark_v on_o the_o staff_n the_o distance_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o say_a star_n correspondent_a to_o the_o place_n of_o your_o observation_n which_o be_v note_v set_v down_o also_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o foresay_a star_n which_o be_v first_o calculate_v then_o subtract_v the_o lesser_a from_o the_o great_a the_o residue_n will_v show_v the_o least_o difference_n which_o be_v divide_v by_o the_o move_n which_o the_o moon_n make_v in_o one_o hour_n you_o shall_v know_v the_o time_n in_o which_o the_o moon_n be_v or_o be_v join_v with_o the_o first_o distance_n of_o the_o foresay_a star_n then_o have_v convert_v that_o time_n into_o degree_n and_o minute_n the_o rest_n will_v be_v perform_v either_o by_o addition_n or_o substraction_n of_o the_o product_n thereof_o to_o or_o from_o that_o meridian_n for_o which_o the_o table_n where_o by_o you_o first_o calculate_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v appoint_v and_o verify_v if_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o fix_a star_n of_o your_o observation_n be_v lesser_a then_o must_v you_o add_v the_o degree_n and_o minute_n to_o the_o know_a latitude_n so_o shall_v you_o find_v the_o place_n of_o your_o observation_n to_o be_v more_o eastward_o if_o it_o be_v great_a then_o subtract_v the_o degree_n and_o minute_n from_o the_o know_a longitude_n and_o the_o place_n of_o your_o observation_n in_o this_o regard_n will_v be_v more_o westward_o these_o rule_n be_v so_o far_o true_a that_o the_o moon_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v more_o westward_o then_o the_o fix_a star_n for_o if_o otherwise_o your_o work_n must_v be_v clean_o contrary_a to_o wit_n if_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o fix_a star_n be_v lesser_a you_o must_v subtract_v the_o degree_n and_o minute_n from_o the_o know_a longitude_n so_o shall_v the_o place_n of_o your_o observation_n be_v more_o westward_o but_o if_o it_o be_v great_a then_o must_v you_o add_v the_o degree_n and_o minute_n unto_o the_o know_a longitude_n and_o the_o place_n of_o your_o observation_n shall_v be_v sound_a eastward_o this_o way_n though_o more_o difficult_a may_v seem_v better_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n for_o as_o much_o as_o a_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n seldom_o happen_v and_o a_o watch_n clock_n or_o hourglass_n can_v so_o well_o be_v preserve_v or_o at_o least_o so_o well_o observe_v in_o so_o long_a a_o voyage_n whereaâ—_n every_o night_n may_v seem_v to_o give_v occasion_n to_o this_o experiment_n if_o so_o be_v the_o air_n be_v free_v from_o cloud_n and_o the_o moon_n show_v her_o face_n above_o the_o horizon_n 4_o by_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o difference_n in_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n motion_n the_o longitude_n of_o place_n may_v be_v find_v out_o to_o explain_v this_o proposition_n we_o will_v set_v down_o three_o thing_n 1_o certain_a postulata_fw-la or_o grant_v axiom_n 2_o the_o example_n 3._o the_o manner_n and_o practice_n the_o ground_n or_o proposition_n which_o we_o take_v as_o grant_v of_o all_o mathematician_n be_v these_o 1_o that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v 48_o minute_n of_o a_o hour_n slow_a in_o 24_o hour_n or_o 360_o degree_n then_o that_o of_o the_o sun_n 2_o that_o by_o observation_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o other_o mathematical_a help_n a_o artificer_n may_v know_v in_o any_o place_n first_o the_o meridian_n second_o the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n three_o the_o time_n of_o the_o moon_n come_v to_o the_o meridian_n 3_o the_o time_n of_o the_o moon_n come_v to_o the_o meridian_n may_v be_v know_v by_o a_o ephemerides_n these_o thing_n grant_v we_o will_v suppose_v for_o example_n that_o in_o london_n the_o moon_n on_o some_o set_a day_n come_v to_o the_o meridian_n at_o four_o of_o the_o clock_n after_o noon_n 2_o that_o in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o west-indies_n the_o moon_n be_v observe_v to_o come_v to_o the_o meridian_n the_o same_o day_n at_o 10_o minute_n after_o four_o these_o ground_n thus_o set_v down_o the_o distance_n of_o longitude_n of_o that_o place_n westward_o from_o london_n may_v be_v find_v out_o the_o manner_n of_o practice_n be_v thus_o to_o be_v wrought_v by_o the_o golden_a rule_n if_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n motion_n be_v 48_o minute_n of_o a_o hour_n in_o 360_o degree_n what_o will_v it_o be_v in_o 10_o minute_n the_o four_o proportional_a number_n will_v be_v 75_o degree_n the_o distance_n of_o longitude_n of_o the_o place_n assign_v from_o london_n in_o west_n longitude_n from_o which_o number_n the_o longitude_n from_o london_n be_v subtract_v and_o the_o remainder_n from_o 360_o the_o residue_n will_v show_v the_o longitude_n if_o the_o moon_n in_o the_o place_n assign_v come_v soon_o to_o the_o meridian_n we_o must_v count_v so_o much_o in_o east_n latitude_n this_o way_n i_o first_o find_v in_o mr_n purchas_n his_o relation_n of_o hall_n discovery_n of_o groenland_n write_v by_o william_n baffin_n since_o this_o chapter_n come_v under_o the_o press_n the_o expression_n of_o which_o be_v as_o i_o suppose_v short_a and_o easy_a than_o in_o the_o author_n i_o do_v owe_v for_o the_o most_o part_n to_o my_o worthy_a chamber-fellow_n mr._n nathanael_n norrington_n to_o who_o learned_a conference_n i_o confess_v myself_o to_o owe_v some_o fruit_n of_o my_o labour_n in_o this_o kind_n and_o all_o the_o office_n of_o friendship_n this_o manner_n of_o invention_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o prefer_v before_o all_o the_o rest_n both_o for_o certainty_n and_o facility_n and_o as_o it_o shall_v seem_v by_o baffins_n practice_n it_o be_v more_o in_o use_n among_o mariner_n than_o the_o former_a howsoever_o less_o mention_v among_o writer_n 14_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o longitude_n the_o expression_n be_v the_o imitation_n of_o the_o longitude_n on_o the_o face_n of_o a_o artificial_a globe_n or_o map_n which_o be_v direct_v by_o these_o rule_n 1_o the_o place_n whereof_o we_o desire_v to_o know_v the_o longitude_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n the_o degree_n of_o the_o equatour_n will_v show_v the_o longitude_n this_o rule_n may_v easy_o be_v explain_v by_o these_o three_o precept_n first_o that_o you_o must_v turn_v round_o the_o globe_n on_o his_o axletree_n till_o you_o bring_v the_o place_n whereof_o seek_v the_o longitude_n under_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n 2_o you_o must_v diligent_o and_o exact_o mark_v what_o degree_n the_o meridian_n cut_v in_o the_o equatour_n 3._o you_o must_v number_v how_o many_o degree_n that_o point_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o first_o meridian_n and_o the_o number_n will_v give_v you_o the_o true_a longitude_n seek_v after_o this_o also_o mâ—y_v be_v perform_v without_o turn_v of_o the_o globe_n if_o so_o be_v any_o other_o meridian_n in_o the_o globe_n sign_v out_o shall_v pass_v by_o the_o say_a place_n for_o
consider_v the_o natural_a change_n of_o country_n since_o the_o first_o creation_n we_o shall_v find_v they_o to_o have_v suffer_v as_o well_o in_o the_o natural_a accident_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o soil_n as_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n concern_v the_o former_a we_o may_v note_v a_o twofold_a alteration_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v a_o progress_n from_o imperfection_n to_o perfection_n the_o other_o contrariwise_o from_o perfection_n to_o imperfection_n the_o first_o grow_v out_o of_o the_o general_a industry_n of_o mankind_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o work_v every_o thing_n as_o near_o as_o it_o can_v to_o his_o best_a end_n and_o use_n for_o his_o own_o good_a and_o propagation_n of_o his_o kind_n which_o we_o may_v best_o find_v in_o the_o first_o original_n of_o the_o world_n the_o first_o groundwork_n of_o civil_a society_n for_o man_n be_v once_o expel_v out_o of_o paradise_n for_o his_o own_o transgression_n have_v leave_v he_o notwithstanding_o for_o his_o lot_n the_o whole_a world_n beside_o which_o no_o question_n he_o find_v as_o in_o the_o cradle_n of_o nature_n a_o poor_a infant_n as_o yet_o altogether_o unfashion_v and_o unshape_v for_o humane_a habitation_n for_o who_o can_v imagine_v the_o earth_n at_o that_o time_n to_o be_v any_o otherwise_o then_o as_o a_o vast_a wilderness_n all_o overgrow_v with_o brier_n and_o bush_n grow_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n out_o of_o the_o earth_n moreover_o what_o fen_n bog_n marsh_n and_o other_o such_o encumbrance_n can_v there_o be_v want_v to_o those_o place_n which_o never_o yet_o feel_v the_o chastise_v hand_n of_o husbandry_n all_o these_o incommodity_n as_o mankind_n begin_v to_o multiply_v and_o propagate_v itself_o on_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v by_o little_a and_o little_o remove_v and_o the_o earth_n reduce_v into_o a_o better_a form_n for_o humane_a dwell_n because_o every_o man_n choose_v out_o his_o own_o possession_n begin_v present_o to_o till_o and_o manure_v the_o soil_n with_o all_o heedful_a industry_n for_o if_o our_o first_o parent_n be_v place_v in_o paradise_n itself_o the_o most_o pleasant_a and_o fertile_a portion_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n be_v nevertheless_o enjoin_v to_o dress_v and_o manure_v the_o garden_n for_o their_o better_a use_n and_o profit_n what_o shall_v we_o imagine_v of_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o no_o doubt_n a_o thousand_o degree_n come_v short_a of_o this_o perfection_n especial_o know_v this_o curse_n to_o be_v lay_v on_o man_n by_o our_o creator_n that_o he_o shall_v eat_v his_o bread_n in_o the_o sweat_n of_o his_o brow_n as_o though_o the_o earth_n be_v bind_v to_o open_v her_o treasure_n only_o to_o man_n pain_n and_o labour_n and_o howsoever_o the_o diligence_n of_o mankind_n have_v go_v very_o far_o in_o adorn_v and_o fashion_v the_o upper_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o have_v it_o not_o wade_v so_o far_o but_o that_o many_o place_n in_o our_o time_n be_v leave_v altogether_o rude_a and_o unculter_v groan_v under_o vast_a wilderness_n and_o unprofitable_a desert_n for_o time_n pass_v we_o may_v have_v for_o instance_n go_v no_o far_a than_o brittany_n and_o germany_n both_o which_o country_n we_o shall_v find_v in_o these_o day_n to_o differ_v as_o much_o from_o the_o day_n of_o caesar_n as_o caesar_n judge_v they_o to_o differ_v from_o the_o roman_a territory_n which_o no_o doubt_v he_o prefer_v before_o all_o part_n of_o europe_n notwithstanding_o this_o general_a inclination_n of_o mankind_n to_o perfect_v their_o dwell_a place_n for_o their_o better_a ease_n and_o comfort_n we_o shall_v find_v many_o way_n whereby_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v degenerate_v and_o prove_v more_o unfit_a for_o humane_a habitation_n then_o in_o former_a time_n the_o first_o which_o be_v the_o great_a and_o cause_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v that_o curse_n which_o our_o almighty_a creator_n cast_v on_o the_o whole_a earth_n for_o adam_n sake_n which_o afterward_o seem_v renew_a and_o increase_v in_o the_o general_a deluge_n wherein_o all_o mankind_n suffer_v for_o their_o sin_n a_o plague_n of_o water_n for_o as_o the_o estate_n of_o mankind_n immediate_o before_o the_o flood_n be_v far_o better_a than_o that_o afterward_o so_o be_v the_o estate_n of_o paradise_n far_o better_o than_o that_o so_o as_o we_o may_v note_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n a_o general_a defect_n and_o weakness_n of_o the_o creature_n still_o more_o and_o more_o decline_v from_o their_o original_a perfection_n grant_v in_o the_o first_o creation_n so_o that_o many_o great_a philosopher_n have_v conjecture_v not_o without_o ground_n that_o the_o world_n from_o the_o first_o creation_n have_v suffer_v the_o change_n of_o age_n sensible_o and_o this_o wherein_o we_o live_v to_o be_v the_o last_o and_o decrepit_a age_n wherein_o nature_n lie_v languish_v as_o ready_a to_o breathe_v out_o her_o last_o but_o this_o opinion_n seem_v to_o be_v control_v by_o reason_n for_o as_o much_o as_o we_o find_v not_o a_o proportional_a decrement_n and_o defect_n of_o natural_a vigour_n in_o thing_n as_o well_o in_o man_n as_o other_o creature_n for_o if_o we_o compare_v the_o estate_n of_o a_o man_n before_o the_o flood_n with_o the_o age_n of_o david_n long_o after_o we_o shall_v find_v a_o great_a disparity_n in_o the_o proportional_a decrement_n of_o the_o year_n and_o age_n of_o man_n for_o as_o much_o as_o many_o before_o the_o flood_n attain_v to_o 800_o and_o some_o as_o methusalem_n to_o 900_o year_n but_o in_o david_n time_n the_o day_n of_o man_n life_n as_o he_o himself_o testify_v be_v threescore_o and_o ten_o and_o admit_v we_o understand_v this_o speech_n of_o david_n to_o be_v mean_v only_o of_o his_o chief_a strength_n and_o livelihood_n we_o shall_v yet_o find_v a_o great_a diversity_n because_o man_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v in_o his_o great_a strength_n and_o vigour_n in_o his_o middle_a age_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a age_n of_o man_n by_o this_o account_n surmount_v not_o 140_o year_n to_o which_o proportion_n of_o defect_n or_o decrement_n our_o time_n can_v no_o way_n agree_v because_o many_o man_n in_o our_o day_n come_v near_o the_o same_o age_n as_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n which_o may_v be_v confirm_v by_o diverse_a instance_n whereof_o we_o will_v produce_v only_o two_o the_o one_o of_o a_o certain_a indian_a present_v to_o soliman_n the_o turk_n be_v of_o the_o age_n of_o 200_o year_n the_o other_o of_o the_o countresse_n of_o desmond_n in_o ireland_n which_o sr_n walter_n rauleigh_n mention_n to_o this_o purpose_n who_o be_v marry_v in_o edward_n the_o four_o time_n yet_o be_v alive_a very_o late_o but_o to_o this_o doubt_n i_o may_v answer_v that_o this_o extraordinary_a difference_n betwixt_o the_o age_n of_o man_n between_o the_o patriarch_n and_o david_n time_n compare_v with_o man_n age_n betwixt_o david_n and_o our_o day_n come_v from_o two_o especial_a cause_n first_o by_o the_o universal_a deluge_n which_o cause_v a_o general_a defect_n and_o decay_n of_o nature_n in_o the_o whole_a earth_n the_o like_a whereof_o have_v not_o since_o be_v find_v second_o it_o be_v as_o it_o seem_v much_o impair_v by_o the_o intemperance_n and_o luxurious_a diet_n of_o those_o time_n which_o add_v much_o to_o this_o general_a weakness_n of_o nature_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o child_n can_v have_v little_a or_o no_o natural_a perfection_n in_o themselves_o more_o than_o be_v derive_v unto_o they_o by_o their_o parent_n for_o nothing_o can_v give_v that_o to_o other_o which_o it_o never_o have_v itself_o whence_o it_o must_v needs_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o posterity_n derive_v from_o luxurious_a and_o distemper_a body_n shall_v prove_v as_o weak_a and_o impotent_a general_o if_o not_o more_o than_o their_o parent_n now_o why_o the_o people_n soon_o upon_o the_o flood_n shall_v find_v their_o distemperature_n more_o noxious_a and_o prejudicial_a to_o long_a life_n then_o the_o man_n of_o our_o age_n a_o good_a reason_n may_v be_v give_v because_o the_o earth_n long_o after_o the_o flood_n have_v not_o full_o receive_v that_o natural_a heat_n and_o spirit_n which_o it_o lose_v in_o the_o deluge_n so_o that_o all_o thing_n arise_v out_o of_o it_o as_o plant_n herb_n fruit_n and_o live_a creature_n feed_v thereon_o prove_v for_o a_o while_n more_o unwholesome_a and_o unnatural_a then_o in_o some_o year_n after_o when_o it_o have_v somewhat_o reviue_v itself_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o star_n and_o by_o little_a and_o little_o return_v to_o his_o own_o nature_n the_o other_o cause_n of_o deficiency_n be_v more_o special_a as_o not_o happen_v to_o all_o but_o to_o diverse_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o more_o at_o one_o time_n then_o another_o as_o the_o neglect_n of_o due_a manure_v many_o place_n
of_o the_o earth_n but_o shall_v in_o part_n be_v drive_v back_o and_o in_o part_n flow_v beside_o for_o since_o it_o be_v of_o a_o moist_a nature_n while_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v from_o the_o air_n about_o it_o the_o water_n iâ—_n somewhat_o leave_v behind_o as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o a_o small_a vessel_n which_o be_v moâ—e_n laâ—ge_v then_o deep_a for_o if_o it_o be_v move_v forward_o the_o water_n will_v leap_v back_o to_o the_o opposite_a part_n &_o will_v oftentimes_o poise_v itself_o hither_o &_o thither_o seek_v a_o aequilibration_n when_o therefore_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o little_a carry_v forward_o &_o the_o water_n as_o it_o be_v leave_v behind_o be_v out_o of_o his_o aequilibrium_fw-la or_o aquall_a poise_n it_o will_v run_v to_o the_o other_o part_n but_o beyond_o the_o true_a poise_n forth_o violence_n of_o the_o motion_n oppress_v into_o it_o in_o the_o beginning_n from_o thence_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n it_o will_v tend_v again_o to_o the_o opposite_a part_n do_v this_o oftentimes_o seek_v a_o equal_a weight_n wherein_o it_o may_v rest_v so_o that_o if_o the_o earth_n shall_v at_o any_o time_n rest_v from_o her_o natural_a motion_n the_o water_n will_v also_o leave_v off_o the_o libration_n to_o and_o fro_o but_o because_o the_o circumvolution_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v imagine_v to_o be_v perpetual_a the_o libration_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v also_o per_fw-la petuall_a so_o far_o forth_o then_o that_o this_o motion_n be_v of_o the_o continent_n or_o earth_n it_o be_v only_o accidental_a in_o the_o water_n neither_o beside_o his_o proper_a nature_n neither_o according_a to_o nature_n but_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o water_n be_v in_o some_o sort_n move_v in_o the_o earth_n it_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v according_a to_o nature_n for_o it_o always_o seek_v the_o low_a place_n because_o it_o can_v equal_o follow_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n hence_o they_o give_v the_o reason_n why_o this_o motion_n be_v not_o perceive_v in_o lake_n and_o river_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o main_a ocean_n for_o since_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o very_o sensible_a it_o can_v be_v perceive_v but_o in_o a_o great_a mass_n of_o water_n the_o reason_n to_o confirm_v this_o opinion_n beside_o the_o refutation_n of_o other_o opinion_n be_v chief_o these_o two_o if_o the_o water_n by_o itself_o shall_v be_v move_v without_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v move_v either_o according_a to_o or_o against_o his_o nature_n but_o neither_o of_o they_o can_v be_v grant_v first_o if_o according_a to_o nature_n there_o will_v not_o be_v one_o only_a motion_n of_o one_o body_n according_a to_o nature_n but_o many_o which_o be_v deny_v by_o arâ—stotle_n if_o beside_o or_o against_o nature_n some_o violent_a motion_n will_v be_v perpetual_a which_o also_o seem_v absurd_a wherefore_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o sea_n shall_v move_v accidental_o for_o since_o the_o water_n be_v contain_v outward_o of_o the_o air_n internal_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o part_n of_o the_o air_n which_o touch_v the_o water_n be_v of_o aristotle_n call_v stagnans_fw-la or_o stand_v still_o not_o flow_v as_o that_o which_o be_v above_o the_o earth_n but_o be_v only_o trouble_v various_o with_o wind_n this_o libration_n or_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n can_v be_v cause_v by_o the_o wind_n or_o air_n wherefore_o it_o must_v proceed_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o second_o reason_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o quantity_n of_o tide_n in_o diverse_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o it_o be_v â—ound_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o water_n swell_v high_a &_o great_a in_o the_o main_a ocean_n then_o in_o other_o lesser_a sea_n for_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o about_o great_a britain_n it_o mount_v sometime_o above_o 80_o cubit_n also_o it_o often_o ebb_v and_o flow_v in_o lesser_a current_n because_o the_o space_n of_o this_o libration_n be_v short_a and_o straâ—ghter_a or_o because_o beside_o the_o motion_n of_o ebb_a and_o flow_v which_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n partake_v from_o the_o ocean_n at_o hercules_n pillar_n they_o have_v a_o proper_a libration_n in_o their_o own_o channel_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o in_o some_o narrow_a sea_n as_o in_o the_o euripus_n beside_o euboia_n the_o sea_n seven_o time_n a_o day_n ebb_v and_o flow_v whereof_o there_o can_v no_o sufficient_a reason_n be_v give_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o moon_n or_o other_o cause_n whereto_o other_o philosopher_n ascribe_v this_o effect_n this_o opinion_n of_o caesalpinus_n seem_v to_o carry_v great_a likelihood_n of_o reason_n and_o congruity_n with_o experience_n yet_o because_o it_o be_v ground_v on_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o seem_v a_o paradox_n to_o most_o man_n i_o dare_v not_o warrant_v it_o otherwise_o then_o probable_a neither_o can_v it_o well_o stand_v with_o the_o ground_n of_o our_o magnetical_a philosopher_n because_o they_o affirm_v the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n together_o with_o the_o air_n to_o move_v round_o with_o one_o uniform_a revolution_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o one_o shall_v not_o move_v to_o the_o opposite_a part_n or_o stay_v behind_o the_o other_o as_o they_o will_v have_v it_o here_o to_o do_v there_o be_v yet_o another_o opinion_n more_o common_o defend_v in_o the_o school_n of_o natural_a philosopher_n that_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o moon_n as_o the_o principal_a cause_n other_o again_o as_o they_o admit_v the_o moon_n to_o have_v her_o operation_n in_o this_o effect_n join_v other_o cause_n to_o it_o and_o indeed_o this_o seem_v more_o probable_a for_o there_o want_v not_o argument_n in_o patricius_n and_o other_o late_a writer_n to_o show_v that_o the_o moon_n can_v be_v the_o sole_a cause_n of_o this_o motion_n first_o because_o this_o motion_n be_v not_o observe_v in_o all_o sea_n lake_n and_o river_n whereupon_o nevertheless_o the_o moon_n have_v the_o like_a dominion_n but_o experience_n show_v the_o contrary_a for_o beside_o fresh_a river_n it_o be_v manifest_a by_o observation_n of_o traveller_n that_o this_o ebb_a and_o flow_v be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o hircâ—â—_n mantian_n and_o dead_a sea_n also_o in_o maotis_n palus_n in_o the_o pontic_a propontiâ—ke_v ligurian_a and_o narbon_n streyte_n neither_o in_o the_o tyrrhene_a sea_n moreover_o it_o be_v not_o observe_v in_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n neither_o can_v the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o channel_n excuse_v it_o because_o these_o sea_n be_v great_a and_o also_o for_o the_o most_o part_n within_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o therefore_o expose_v sometime_o to_o the_o perpendicular_a beam_n of_o the_o moon_n second_o if_o the_o moon_n shall_v by_o she_o own_o â—orce_n excite_v and_o move_v these_o waterâ—_n then_o will_v it_o move_v those_o sea_n which_o it_o do_v move_v altogether_o and_o not_o only_o in_o part_n the_o contrary_a whereof_o we_o may_v find_v first_o in_o the_o red_a sea_n which_o in_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n ebb_n and_o flow_v but_o in_o the_o middle_n not_o at_o all_o moreover_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n ebb_v &_o flow_v as_o one_o sea_n on_o all_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n wherein_o it_o be_v in_o a_o sort_n divide_v and_o yet_o those_o sea_n with_o which_o it_o be_v join_v as_o the_o tyrrhene_a ligurian_a and_o gallican_n sea_n feel_v not_o any_o such_o motion_n three_o it_o be_v object_v that_o if_o the_o moon_n be_v the_o only_a cause_n of_o this_o flâ—x_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n than_o those_o sea_n which_o be_v say_v in_o whole_a to_o move_v shall_v equal_o flow_v in_o height_n but_o this_o be_v contradict_v by_o experience_n because_o some_o flow_v high_o and_o some_o low_a as_o for_o example_n the_o adriatic_a sea_n in_o the_o inmost_a creek_n near_o venice_n swell_v near_o four_o foot_n in_o height_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o it_o not_o above_o two_o â—oote_n which_o increase_n be_v likewise_o observe_v in_o the_o aegean_a cretian_a ionian_a and_o cyprian_a sea_n also_o the_o syrian_a and_o egyptian_a even_o to_o portus_n ferinae_fw-la but_o from_o mons_fw-la pulcher_fw-la to_o the_o herculean_a streyte_n it_o increase_v above_o two_o foot_n in_o length_n but_o without_o these_o straits_n the_o same_o ocean_n by_o the_o coast_n of_o portugal_n and_o biscay_n and_o france_n the_o sea_n rise_v usual_o to_o 15_o foot_n in_o height_n and_o near_o the_o coast_n of_o belgia_n and_o britain_n 18_o foot_n at_o the_o confine_n of_o bristol_n to_o 60_o and_o thence_o to_o the_o border_n of_o s._n michael_n to_o 60_o but_o at_o the_o coast_n of_o aethiopia_n near_o the_o atlantic_a shore_n it_o rise_v not_o high_a than_o in_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n but_o near_o the_o land_n
scaliger_n who_o will_v not_o have_v a_o ship_n to_o pass_v it_o under_o three_o month_n out_o of_o which_o he_o labour_v to_o prove_v this_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n because_o the_o ship_n be_v long_o a_o go_v then_o return_v the_o second_o experiment_n he_o take_v from_o the_o observation_n of_o one_o john_n eupolius_fw-la who_o will_v to_o pass_v from_o the_o port_n of_o s._n blasiâ—â—_n which_o be_v beyond_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n in_o africa_n to_o melinde_v towards_o the_o indies_n can_v not_o go_v forward_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o current_n as_o they_o call_v they_o drive_v they_o back_o from_o melinde_a to_o pate_n a_o town_n by_o this_o side_n of_o the_o indies_n whence_o he_o will_v conclude_v that_o the_o water_n shall_v in_o this_o place_n rather_o run_v from_o west_n to_o east_n towards_o the_o indies_n the_o three_o experiment_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o thomas_n lope_n who_o when_o he_o be_v to_o pass_v from_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n towards_o the_o indies_n testify_v that_o the_o current_n of_o the_o water_n be_v so_o violent_a that_o it_o oftentimes_o leap_v into_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o ship_n the_o four_o be_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o johannes_n guietanus_fw-la who_o put_v forth_o from_o tidor_n come_v into_o spain_n before_o the_o sixteen_o month_n this_o journey_n from_o tidor_n to_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n contain_v 55_o league_n which_o make_v 1650_o mile_n from_o this_o to_o the_o island_n of_o s._n helena_n by_o the_o relation_n of_o another_o pilot_n be_v 1400_o mile_n from_o whence_o to_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n be_v 1600_o mile_n from_o hence_o to_o spain_n by_o the_o computation_n of_o degree_n be_v not_o above_o 1520_o mile_n of_o all_o which_o the_o sum_n be_v 7114._o now_o if_o we_o take_v out_o of_o sixteen_o month_n 49_o day_n wherein_o the_o ship_n against_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n be_v carry_v hither_o and_o thither_o which_o the_o mariner_n call_v voltegiairâ—_n and_o 70_o other_o day_n wherein_o it_o stand_v still_o in_o the_o coast_n of_o guinea_n in_o melacia_n there_o will_v remain_v a_o whole_a year_n spend_v in_o this_o journey_n which_o day_n if_o we_o divide_v by_o those_o 7114_o mile_n there_o will_v be_v allot_v to_o every_o day_n no_o more_o than_o 19_o mile_n which_o evident_o show_v that_o this_o journey_n be_v most_o short_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o swiftness_n of_o the_o navigation_n for_o if_o the_o ocean_n shall_v drive_v his_o current_n to_o st_n hâ—lâ—na_n even_o to_o the_o west_n they_o have_v end_v their_o journey_n in_o a_o far_o lesser_a time_n because_o those_o current_n as_o they_o say_v carry_v the_o ship_n but_o this_o journey_n be_v accomplish_v very_o slow_o wherefore_o the_o current_n be_v not_o carry_v from_o east_n to_o west_n aâ—_n sâ—aliger_n relate_v likewise_o from_o sundry_a other_o experiment_n he_o go_v about_o to_o prove_v that_o it_o constant_o can_v be_v observe_v to_o flow_v from_o north_n to_o south_n as_o the_o say_v scaliger_n affirm_v but_o that_o it_o be_v various_a according_a to_o diverse_a place_n nevertheless_o that_o the_o sea_n shall_v have_v a_o perpetual_a current_n from_o the_o pole_n towards_o the_o equatouâ—_n seem_v to_o stand_v as_o well_o with_o reason_n as_o experience_n for_o all_o man_n must_v needs_o confess_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n under_o the_o equatour_n must_v be_v much_o swift_a than_o near_o the_o pole_n because_o the_o circle_n of_o it_o be_v great_a near_o the_o equatour_n now_o by_o how_o much_o swift_a the_o motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v by_o so_o much_o more_o be_v the_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o air_n or_o other_o elementary_a body_n right_a under_o it_o whether_o it_o be_v air_n as_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a or_o fire_n as_o peripatetickâ—_n imagine_v but_o howsoever_o we_o determine_v that_o controversy_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o the_o air_n must_v suffer_v rarefaction_n answerable_a to_o the_o swiftness_n of_o the_o motion_n if_o not_o immediate_o by_o the_o swift_a motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n yet_o by_o a_o consequent_a by_o the_o great_a fervour_n of_o the_o fire_n which_o under_o the_o equatour_n must_v needs_o be_v great_a and_o of_o more_o force_n than_o about_o the_o pole_n whence_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n under_o it_o must_v partake_v more_o degree_n of_o heat_n and_o by_o necessary_a consequence_n suffer_v a_o great_a attenuation_n 2_o the_o sunbeam_n be_v dart_v perpendicular_o can_v choose_v but_o attenuate_v and_o rarify_v the_o air_n more_o under_o the_o line_n then_o in_o place_n more_o decline_v to_o the_o pole_n this_o ground_n thus_o lay_v these_o two_o consectary_n will_v follow_v 1_o that_o the_o air_n thus_o attenuate_v must_v needs_o take_v up_o a_o largeâ—_n place_n than_o it_o before_o possess_v which_o can_v be_v but_o by_o enlarge_n itself_o towards_o either_o pole_n either_o north_n or_o south_n whence_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n in_o those_o place_n must_v be_v more_o thicken_v and_o condensated_a 2_o that_o these_o part_n of_o the_o air_n carry_v towards_o the_o pole_n and_o meet_v with_o the_o cold_a region_n of_o the_o north_n and_o south_n must_v by_o condensation_n turn_v into_o water_n and_o so_o fall_v down_o in_o rain_n or_o snowes_n whence_o the_o water_n increase_a near_o the_o pole_n perpetual_o must_v have_v a_o perpetual_a current_n towards_o the_o equatour_n where_o they_o be_v again_o exhaust_v in_o vapour_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o as_o well_o the_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n betwixt_o themselves_o as_o the_o water_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o air_n may_v proportional_o maintain_v themselves_o by_o the_o mutual_a transmutation_n to_o this_o reason_n some_o have_v add_v another_o that_o the_o sun_n sojourn_v in_o the_o southern_a sign_n be_v near_a to_o the_o earth_n then_o when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o north_n by_o the_o whole_a latitude_n of_o his_o excentrice_n and_o therefore_o of_o great_a force_n to_o draw_v the_o water_n towards_o the_o south_n but_o whether_o this_o reason_n be_v of_o any_o great_a force_n i_o will_v not_o spend_v time_n to_o dispute_v let_v every_o man_n use_v his_o own_o judgement_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o a_o conjecture_v not_o improbable_a that_o these_o current_n may_v be_v also_o vary_v according_a to_o diverse_a reason_n of_o the_o year_n as_o also_o according_a to_o diverse_a channel_n by_o diverse_a cross_n and_o doubling_n of_o the_o tide_n as_o we_o find_v in_o diverse_a place_n but_o i_o will_v not_o be_v too_o bold_a in_o this_o opinion_n because_o i_o love_v not_o to_o walk_v without_o a_o guide_n in_o these_o uncertainty_n 4_o of_o the_o natural_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n we_o have_v speak_v it_o remain_v we_o speak_v somewhat_o of_o the_o violent_a the_o violent_a motion_n be_v that_o which_o be_v stir_v up_o by_o wind_n the_o consideration_n of_o wind_n be_v either_o absolute_a or_o respective_a absolute_a i_o call_v that_o wherein_o the_o natural_a effect_n and_o property_n of_o the_o wind_n be_v handle_v which_o property_n belong_v to_o the_o natural_a philosopher_n they_o be_v according_a to_o aristotle_n a_o natural_a body_n unperfect_o mix_v the_o respective_a consideration_n be_v that_o wherein_o the_o wind_n be_v consider_v in_o respect_n to_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n this_o respect_n again_o twofold_a either_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o they_o design_v out_o the_o point_n of_o the_o horizon_n by_o certain_a line_n call_v rhumbas_fw-la or_o else_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o which_o they_o give_v a_o motion_n the_o former_a respect_n we_o have_v handle_v in_o our_o first_o book_n of_o geography_n the_o late_a be_v more_o proper_a to_o this_o place_n &_o howsoever_o the_o wind_n be_v a_o exhalation_n common_a as_o well_o to_o the_o earth_n as_o to_o the_o sea_n affect_v both_o with_o some_o alteration_n yet_o because_o it_o more_o near_o affect_v the_o sea_n as_o his_o proper_a province_n and_o dominion_n and_o have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v most_o observe_v of_o sea_n man_n and_o mariner_n we_o think_v fit_a to_o treat_v of_o it_o in_o this_o place_n of_o wind_n some_o be_v uncertain_a and_o various_a which_o in_o all_o place_n interchangeable_o supply_v their_o turn_n keep_v no_o certainty_n or_o regularity_n in_o time_n or_o place_n other_o be_v call_v set_v or_o stand_a wind_n because_o they_o be_v observe_v to_o blow_v at_o certain_a time_n and_o place_n of_o both_o which_o as_o much_o as_o concern_v our_o purpose_n we_o shall_v speak_v in_o these_o two_o theorem_n 1_o to_o some_o certain_a place_n at_o certain_a time_n belong_v certain_a wind_n these_o wind_n be_v by_o some_o call_v anniversary_n because_o they_o blow_v at_o a_o certain_a season_n every_o year_n of_o these_o there_o
other_o but_o as_o yet_o not_o find_v out_o neither_o have_v it_o more_o trouble_v the_o industry_n of_o mariner_n than_o the_o wit_n of_o scholar_n which_o we_o shall_v find_v by_o discourse_n write_v of_o that_o subject_n the_o absolute_a decision_n of_o this_o controversy_n we_o must_v leave_v to_o time_n only_o such_o probability_n as_o i_o chance_v to_o meet_v with_o i_o will_v faithful_o set_v down_o to_o give_v encouragement_n to_o their_o deserve_a labour_n who_o shall_v farther_o attempt_v the_o search_n and_o full_a discovery_n of_o this_o northwest_n passage_n the_o reason_n i_o find_v urge_v i_o may_v well_o reduce_v to_o three_o head_n the_o first_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o testimony_n and_o opinion_n of_o ancient_a writer_n the_o second_v from_o the_o relation_n and_o discovery_n of_o late_a navigator_n from_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o seven_o till_o our_o age_n the_o three_o and_o last_o from_o the_o last_o and_o new_a adventure_n of_o man_n of_o our_o time_n either_o late_o dead_a or_o live_a to_o begin_v with_o the_o first_o we_o shall_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o plato_n in_o timaeo_n as_o also_o in_o his_o dialogue_n callâ—â—_n critias_n draw_v a_o probable_a argument_n for_o there_o he_o makâ—s_v relation_n of_o a_o incomparable_a great_a island_n name_v atlantis_n of_o large_a extent_n than_o europe_n and_o asia_n which_o be_v situate_a westward_o from_o the_o straits_n of_o gibraltar_n and_o navigable_a round_a abouâ—_n the_o prince_n of_o this_o island_n according_a to_o plato_n report_n heretofore_o extend_v their_o government_n over_o a_o great_a part_n of_o europe_n and_o africa_n to_o second_v which_o opinion_n of_o plato_n we_o shall_v read_v in_o marinus_n siouâ—us_o his_o history_n of_o spain_n that_o in_o the_o american_n golden_a mine_n discover_v by_o columbus_n there_o have_v be_v find_v certain_a piece_n of_o coin_n engrave_v with_o the_o name_n and_o image_n of_o augustus_n caesâ—r_n which_o be_v afterward_o send_v to_o the_o pope_n by_o john_n rufus_n archbishop_n of_o consentium_n whence_o a_o probable_a conjecture_n seem_v to_o be_v ground_v that_o america_n in_o those_o day_n be_v both_o people_v and_o discover_v now_o it_o appear_v again_o noâ—_n only_o by_o plato_n but_o also_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o mansilius_fw-la â—icinus_fw-la crantor_n proclus_n and_o philo_n judaeus_fw-la be_v witness_v in_o their_o learned_a commentary_n on_o plato_n that_o this_o island_n call_v atlantis_n some_o 600_o year_n before_o plato_n time_n suffer_v a_o extraordinary_a inundation_n &_o be_v swallow_v up_o by_o water_n other_o like_a example_n whereof_o we_o shâ—l_v produce_v many_o hereafter_o in_o place_n convenient_a admit_v these_o testimony_n of_o antiquity_n whereof_o we_o ought_v to_o cherish_v a_o reverend_a esteem_n these_o consectary_n will_v seem_v to_o offer_v themselves_o by_o way_n of_o necessary_a consequence_n 1_o that_o this_o island_n atlantis_n be_v the_o same_o which_o afterward_o from_o americus_n vesputius_n get_v the_o name_n america_n because_o we_o find_v no_o island_n in_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n which_o come_v near_o that_o greatness_n and_o quantity_n assign_v by_o plato_n 2_o that_o this_o atlantis_n or_o america_n in_o those_o day_n at_o least_o be_v a_o island_n because_o they_o report_v it_o to_o be_v navigable_a round_o about_o 3_o it_o must_v stand_v with_o great_a reason_n &_o probability_n that_o this_o land_n be_v a_o island_n before_o plato_n time_n shall_v be_v so_o still_o if_o at_o least_o it_o come_v not_o near_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o island_n at_o this_o day_n than_o before_o for_o either_o this_o relation_n of_o the_o overflow_a of_o this_o land_n be_v true_a or_o false_a if_o at_o all_o deserve_v credit_n more_o reason_n be_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v navigable_a round_o about_o then_o before_o insomuch_o that_o the_o water_n in_o this_o manner_n swell_v high_a will_v soon_o fret_v through_o and_o cause_v a_o passage_n then_o make_v a_o stoppage_n 4_o this_o passage_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v towards_o the_o northwest_n where_o america_n be_v divide_v from_o asia_n by_o the_o streite_n of_o aâ—ian_n which_o opinion_n seem_v better_a warrant_v forasmuch_o as_o we_o find_v it_o second_v by_o the_o description_n of_o many_o geographer_n of_o great_a name_n and_o authority_n as_o gemma_fw-la frisâ—us_fw-la munster_n appian_n hunâ—erus_n guicciardine_n michael_n tramasiâ—us_n franciscus_n demongenitus_n bernardus_n puteanus_n andrea_n vanasor_n tramontanus_n peter_n martyr_n and_o ortelius_n in_o his_o general_a map_n who_o all_o have_v describe_v america_n as_o a_o exact_a island_n set_v down_o all_o the_o coast_n and_o country_n on_o the_o northwest_n sea_n of_o america_n from_o hoche-laga_a as_o far_o as_o gape_v haremantia_n all_o these_o learned_a man_n have_v with_o one_o voice_n describe_v or_o report_v america_n for_o a_o island_n he_o shall_v show_v but_o a_o slender_a esteem_n of_o antiquity_n or_o favour_n of_o too_o much_o selfe-conceite_n who_o shall_v offer_v to_o contradict_v this_o first_o argument_n i_o confess_v spin_a out_o into_o so_o many_o circumstance_n seem_v at_o first_o sight_n to_o carry_v a_o great_a show_n of_o truth_n but_o upon_o sound_a examination_n will_v be_v find_v very_o defective_a and_o uncertain_a carry_v more_o probability_n in_o the_o conclusion_n than_o the_o premise_n daâ—e_n to_o justify_v how_o many_o paralogisme_n and_o uncertain_a ground_n be_v involve_v in_o this_o reason_n let_v my_o ingenious_a reader_n judge_v 1_o whether_o plato_n report_n of_o this_o atlantis_n be_v a_o true_a relation_n ground_v on_o experience_n and_o observation_n or_o a_o pleasant_a fiction_n derive_v from_o the_o poet_n of_o that_o time_n wherewith_o the_o grecia_n learning_n be_v much_o infect_v 2_o how_o come_v it_o to_o be_v think_v probable_a that_o plato_n in_o those_o day_n shall_v be_v so_o exact_a in_o delineat_v out_o the_o bound_n of_o this_o new-world_n who_o be_v so_o ignorant_a in_o the_o old_a as_o to_o think_v europe_n and_o asia_n to_o be_v inferior_a in_o greatness_n to_o america_n which_o notwithstanding_o he_o think_v to_o be_v a_o island_n 3_o how_o shall_v so_o famous_a a_o king_n as_o atlas_n stretch_v his_o monarchy_n as_o the_o author_n of_o this_o reason_n report_n from_o america_n to_o a_o great_a part_n of_o europe_n and_o africa_n in_o that_o vast_a gulf_n of_o time_n slip_n away_z with_o so_o slight_a a_o mention_n that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o prince_n as_o atlas_n i_o make_v no_o question_n upon_o who_o fame_n and_o greatness_n the_o poet_n ground_v that_o fiction_n of_o raise_v up_o the_o vault_n of_o heaven_n with_o his_o shoulder_n but_o whether_o this_o atlas_n ever_o see_v america_n my_o reader_n must_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o make_v a_o doubt_n the_o ignorance_n of_o navigation_n in_o those_o time_n wherein_o occasion_n have_v not_o bring_v to_o light_v the_o chart_n &_o compass_n together_o with_o the_o huge_a vastness_n of_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n will_v speak_v my_o apology_n 4_o the_o find_n of_o coin_n grave_v with_o the_o image_n and_o inscription_n of_o augustus_n caesar_n in_o the_o american_n mine_n seem_v to_o i_o more_o ridiculous_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n we_o find_v the_o act_n and_o conquest_n of_o caesar_n and_o pompey_n in_o europe_n and_o asia_n and_o some_o part_n of_o africa_n particular_o set_v down_o by_o the_o grave_a writer_n of_o that_o time_n we_o find_v augustus_n caesar_n for_o some_o petty_a conquest_n against_o barbarous_a people_n emblason_v by_o the_o poet_n of_o that_o time_n to_o the_o high_a pitch_n of_o their_o invention_n we_o may_v observe_v the_o age_n wherein_o augustus_n live_v to_o be_v the_o flourish_n and_o pride_n of_o all_o the_o roman_a learning_n and_o himself_o the_o idol_n and_o subject_n of_o most_o of_o their_o poetical_a flattery_n have_v the_o happiness_n to_o be_v invest_v in_o the_o empire_n in_o such_o a_o time_n wherein_o the_o roman_a monarchy_n have_v be_v too_o much_o wound_v with_o a_o civil_a dissension_n be_v willing_a to_o admire_v her_o worst_a physician_n and_o can_v any_o man_n be_v so_o senseless_a to_o imagine_v that_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o golden_a world_n shall_v pass_v away_o cloud_v in_o such_o a_o flatter_a age_n without_o any_o mention_n can_v not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o name_n be_v register_v to_o teach_v posterity_n the_o way_n to_o so_o rich_a a_o empire_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o can_v ascribe_v this_o if_o the_o history_n deserve_v credit_n to_o nothing_o else_o but_o the_o pride_n and_o imposture_n of_o the_o spaniard_n who_o we_o observe_v in_o all_o relation_n to_o be_v a_o most_o ingrateful_a nation_n who_o admire_v nothing_o but_o their_o own_o greatness_n have_v requite_v their_o best_a deserve_a benefactor_n with_o disgrace_n and_o obloquy_n strive_v to_o raze_v out_o their_o name_n and_o memory_n to_o who_o they_o owe_v the_o great_a glory_n columbus_n be_v a_o florentine_a and_o no_o
next_o winter_n whence_o come_v a_o new_a supply_n of_o more_o rain_n these_o river_n say_v they_o in_o the_o summer_n decrease_v and_o sometime_o be_v dry_a because_o of_o the_o defect_n of_o wâ—ter_n when_o the_o place_n be_v not_o great_a enough_o to_o receive_v sufficient_a water_n for_o the_o whole_a year_n this_o opinion_n seem_v ground_v on_o these_o reason_n first_o because_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o river_n and_o fountain_n be_v great_a and_o large_a in_o summer_n then_o in_o winter_n second_o because_o where_o there_o be_v less_o rain_n few_o or_o no_o river_n be_v see_v as_o in_o the_o desert_n of_o ethiopia_n and_o africa_n few_o or_o no_o river_n be_v find_v but_o in_o germany_n france_n britain_n and_o italy_n many_o river_n show_v themselves_o because_o they_o abound_v in_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n and_o much_o fall_n of_o rain_n three_o among_o we_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n in_o a_o hot_a and_o dry_a summer_n they_o be_v much_o decrease_v from_o their_o ordinary_a greatness_n or_o altogether_o dry_v up_o which_o be_v a_o great_a probability_n that_o their_o original_n be_v from_o rain_n this_o opinion_n if_o it_o be_v only_o understand_v of_o some_o river_n may_v be_v probable_a because_o some_o current_n out_o of_o doubt_n take_v their_o original_n from_o great_a shower_n or_o snow_n as_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o alps_n and_o other_o such_o place_n where_o the_o snow_n daily_o melt_v and_o feed_v they_o but_o if_o it_o be_v general_o understand_v of_o all_o river_n it_o be_v manifest_o false_a as_o may_v appear_v by_o these_o reason_n first_o because_o the_o earth_n no_o where_o drink_v up_o the_o rain_n far_o than_o ten_o foot_n deep_a in_o the_o soil_n for_o the_o high_a superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v either_o dry_a and_o so_o easy_o drink_v up_o and_o consume_v the_o water_n within_o that_o space_n or_o else_o be_v already_o moist_a it_o receive_v it_o not_o at_o all_o but_o expel_v it_o by_o river_n and_o channel_n second_o some_o mountain_n not_o cover_v with_o earth_n but_o consist_v of_o hard_a rock_n notwithstanding_o send_v forth_o great_a store_n of_o spring_n and_o fountain_n which_o water_n can_v not_o be_v receive_v in_o through_o a_o hard_a rocky_a substance_n three_o because_o in_o very_o dry_a place_n certain_a pit_n be_v dig_v down_o into_o the_o ground_n 2_o hundred_o or_o three_o hundred_o foot_n deep_a will_v discover_v many_o great_a stream_n of_o water_n which_o can_v not_o be_v from_o the_o receit_n of_o rain_n four_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v that_o so_o much_o rain_n can_v in_o a_o winter_n fall_v into_o one_o place_n beside_o that_o which_o the_o drought_n of_o the_o earth_n consume_v to_o nourish_v so_o mighty_a and_o great_a river_n in_o the_o earth_n as_o be_v river_n run_v in_o a_o perpetual_a course_n five_o all_o river_n almost_o take_v their_o original_n from_o some_o mountain_n or_o other_o as_o danubius_n from_o the_o alps_n and_o nilus_n from_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o moon_n in_o africa_n which_o place_n be_v extraordinary_a high_a be_v more_o unapt_a to_o receive_v water_n than_o low_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o reason_n that_o they_o allege_v for_o their_o opinion_n it_o be_v not_o hard_a to_o answer_v that_o river_n shall_v be_v great_a in_o winter_n thâ—_n in_o the_o summer_n the_o cause_n may_v be_v better_o give_v because_o more_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n fall_v into_o the_o brink_n from_o external_a râ—ine_n or_o snow_n in_o winter_n then_o in_o summer_n and_o the_o ground_n be_v moist_a be_v able_a to_o drink_v less_o then_o at_o other_o time_n which_o be_v also_o the_o reason_n why_o in_o hot_a and_o dry_a country_n there_o be_v not_o such_o plenty_n of_o rivers_n for_o we_o deny_v not_o but_o fountain_n may_v sometime_o be_v increase_v and_o sometime_o diminish_v by_o addition_n of_o rainwater_n but_o that_o any_o such_o vast_a concavity_n shall_v be_v under_o ground_n as_o the_o receptacle_n of_o so_o much_o rain_n and_o shall_v nourish_v so_o many_o and_o so_o great_a current_n the_o second_o opinion_n be_v of_o those_o who_o think_v that_o the_o original_n of_o all_o river_n and_o fountain_n be_v from_o the_o sea_n which_o conceit_n have_v be_v strong_o fortify_v by_o many_o father_n of_o the_o church_n and_o grave_a divine_n of_o late_a time_n which_o opinion_n be_v chief_o ground_v upon_o these_o reason_n first_o because_o it_o seem_v a_o most_o incredible_a matter_n that_o so_o much_o vaporous_a matter_n shall_v be_v engender_v under_o the_o earth_n to_o feed_v such_o a_o perpetual_a course_n of_o water_n second_o if_o all_o river_n shall_v not_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o sea_n no_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v why_o so_o many_o river_n daily_o empty_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n the_o sea_n shall_v not_o increase_v but_o continue_v in_o the_o same_o quantity_n three_o to_o this_o purpose_n they_o urge_v the_o place_n of_o eccles._n 1_o all_o river_n run_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o yet_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o full_a to_o the_o place_n whence_o they_o come_v they_o return_v that_o they_o may_v flow_v again_o but_o this_o opinion_n seem_v to_o be_v shake_v with_o a_o great_a difficulty_n for_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o conceive_v how_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o nature_n heavy_a &_o low_a than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o have_v demonstrate_v shall_v ascend_v into_o high_a mountain_n out_o of_o which_o we_o find_v spring_n of_o water_n oftentimes_o to_o arise_v for_o either_o it_o must_v ascend_v natural_o or_o by_o violence_n not_o natural_o for_o the_o foresay_a cause_n because_o it_o be_v a_o heavy_a body_n if_o violent_o they_o must_v assign_v some_o external_a agent_n which_o enforce_v it_o to_o this_o violence_n this_o difficulty_n diverse_a author_n have_v labour_v diverse_a way_n to_o salve_v some_o among_o who_o the_o chief_a be_v theodoret_n have_v flee_v to_o a_o supernatural_a cause_n in_o god_n providence_n as_o though_o the_o water_n in_o its_o own_o nature_n heavy_a shall_v be_v notwithstanding_o enforce_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n but_o this_o opinion_n seem_v very_o improbable_a because_o although_o we_o can_v deny_v god_n miraculous_a and_o extraordinary_a work_n in_o some_o thing_n yet_o all_o man_n have_v suppose_v this_o to_o be_v confine_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o nature_n and_o very_o strange_a it_o be_v to_o imagine_v that_o almighty_a god_n in_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o nature_n shall_v impose_v a_o perpetual_a violence_n upon_o nature_n other_o as_o basill_n have_v think_v that_o the_o sea-water_n be_v drive_v upward_o towards_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n by_o reason_n of_o certain_a â—_z enclose_v in_o it_o mare_n as_o he_o say_v fluitans_fw-la &_o permeans_fw-la per_fw-la cuniculos_fw-la fistularet_n &_o angustos_fw-la â—ox_fw-la ubi_fw-la obliquis_fw-la aut_fw-la certe_fw-la recta_fw-la in_o sublime_a surrectis_fw-la excursibus_fw-la se_fw-la occupatum_fw-la deprehenderit_fw-la ab_fw-la agitante_fw-la compulsum_fw-la spiritu_fw-la superficie_fw-la terrâ—_n vi_fw-la disrupta_fw-la erumpit_fw-la atque_fw-la for_o as_o emicat_fw-la the_o same_o opinion_n almost_o in_o every_o respect_n be_v ascribe_v to_o plato_n in_o phedone_n and_o pliny_n 2_o book_n .65_o chap._n quo_fw-la inquit_fw-la spiritu_fw-la actu_fw-la &_o terrâ—_n pondere_fw-la expressa_fw-la siphonum_fw-la modo_fw-la eâ—â—cat_fw-la tantâ—que_fw-la a_o periculo_fw-la decidendi_fw-la abest_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o summa_fw-la quoque_fw-la et_fw-la â—â—tissima_fw-la exiliat_fw-la qua_fw-la ratione_fw-la manifestum_fw-la est_fw-la quare_fw-la tot_fw-la fâ—uâ—inum_fw-la quotidiâ—nâ—_n accessu_fw-la maria_fw-la non_fw-la crescant_fw-la but_o this_o exposition_n will_v hardly_o satisfy_v he_o who_o desire_v to_o search_v far_o than_o obscurity_n of_o word_n for_o first_o by_o admit_v spirit_n as_o mover_n of_o the_o water_n they_o seem_v to_o fall_v into_o a_o platonic_a opinion_n before_o examine_v of_o we_o concern_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o sea-water_n second_o i_o will_v demand_v whether_o such_o spirit_n in_o the_o water_n to_o which_o they_o ascribe_v this_o motion_n be_v natural_a agent_n or_o supernatural_a or_o violent_a they_o can_v be_v natural_a agent_n for_o asmuch_o as_o they_o be_v suppose_v to_o drive_v and_o enforce_v the_o water_n against_o his_o own_o nature_n for_o by_o nature_n as_o all_o man_n know_v it_o be_v apt_a to_o descend_v whereas_o here_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o ascend_v by_o reason_n of_o such_o spirit_n they_o can_v be_v violent_a agent_n because_o they_o be_v perpetual_a whereas_o no_o violent_a thing_n can_v be_v perpetual_a thomas_n aquinas_n be_v desirous_a to_o show_v how_o much_o fountain_n can_v ascend_v out_o of_o the_o sea-water_n vary_v in_o opinion_n from_o the_o former_a and_o imagine_v that_o the_o fountain_n and_o river-water_n be_v draw_v upward_o through_o the_o force_n of_o celestial_a body_n for_o the_o common_a good_a
sudden_o a_o great_a flood_n of_o water_n bring_v out_o with_o it_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o creature_n and_o fish_n of_o which_o be_v fat_v under_o the_o earth_n whosoever_o chance_v to_o eat_v die_v present_o the_o like_a be_v report_v that_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o mithridatick_a war_n at_o a_o certain_a city_n of_o phrygia_n name_v apamea_n there_o spring_v up_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n many_o new_a lake_n fountain_n brook_n and_o that_o one_o river_n spring_v up_o very_a salt_n which_o bring_v up_o with_o it_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o oyster_n and_o other_o sea-fish_n although_o the_o city_n apamea_n be_v very_o far_o off_o from_o the_o sea_n this_o be_v report_v by_o nicolaus_n damascene_fw-la also_o cardinal_n contarenus_n testify_v in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o element_n that_o in_o a_o clear_a day_n be_v in_o valentia_n in_o spain_n there_o happen_v a_o very_a great_a inundation_n of_o water_n break_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v carry_v towards_o the_o city_n have_v well_o near_o turn_v it_o into_o the_o sea_n have_v not_o the_o gate_n be_v shut_v and_o dam_n well_o order_v why_o this_o sudden_a change_n shall_v sometime_o happen_v many_o reason_n may_v be_v produce_v the_o first_o reason_n may_v be_v because_o of_o some_o sudden_a ruin_n or_o fall_v down_o of_o some_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n whereby_o the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n be_v one_o way_n stop_v must_v needs_o seek_v out_o a_o passage_n some_o other_o way_n this_o sometime_o happen_v in_o great_a earthquake_n as_o we_o may_v read_v in_o theophrastus_n that_o in_o the_o mountain_n coricus_n after_o a_o earthquake_n many_o new_a spring_n and_o fountain_n discover_v themselves_o another_o reason_n not_o much_o unlike_o the_o former_a be_v give_v from_o the_o hardness_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o oftentimes_o stop_v and_o hinder_v the_o natural_a course_n of_o the_o water_n enforce_v it_o to_o seek_v a_o new_a passage_n hence_o the_o foresay_a theophrastus_n be_v induce_v to_o believe_v that_o in_o a_o city_n of_o crete_n the_o fountain_n be_v stop_v up_o because_o the_o inhabitant_n betake_v themselves_o to_o another_o place_n so_o that_o the_o soil_n be_v not_o so_o much_o shake_v and_o move_v as_o before_o a_o three_o reason_n may_v be_v the_o waste_n or_o cut_v down_o of_o great_a wood_n on_o the_o earth_n for_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o plant_n to_o suck_v to_o themselves_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o ground_n into_o one_o place_n but_o these_o tree_n cut_v down_o or_o remove_v the_o water_n course_n must_v needs_o be_v alter_v 3_o many_o river_n be_v for_o a_o great_a space_n of_o land_n swallow_v up_o of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o some_o after_o a_o certain_a distance_n rise_v again_o this_o be_v confirm_v by_o many_o historical_a instance_n as_o of_o the_o river_n timanus_fw-la in_o the_o province_n of_o aquilia_n of_o erasenus_fw-la in_o argolica_fw-la padus_n in_o the_o alps_n more_o remarkable_a be_v that_o of_o the_o river_n guadiava_fw-fr in_o spain_n which_o run_v under_o the_o ground_n for_o the_o space_n of_o 13_o league_n and_o near_o to_o a_o town_n call_v villa_n horta_n break_v up_o again_o the_o like_a be_v record_v of_o eurotaâ—_n in_o arcadia_n which_o be_v say_v to_o break_v forth_o of_o the_o ground_n in_o the_o province_n of_o lacedamon_n so_o cadmus_n asia_n be_v swallow_v up_o in_o a_o hole_n of_o the_o ground_n not_o far_o from_o laodicea_n so_o pirate_n in_o catonia_n licus_n in_o libanon_n orontes_n in_o syria_n other_o river_n be_v think_v to_o have_v find_v a_o secret_a passage_n under_o the_o sea_n from_o one_o region_n to_o another_o as_o a_o river_n have_v his_o fountain_n in_o the_o mountain_n meiaâ—es_v which_o be_v convey_v in_o a_o blind_a channel_n under_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o sea_n come_v forth_o again_o at_o the_o port_n of_o pâ—normus_n so_o other_o report_n of_o alpheus_n which_o be_v drown_v underground_o near_o the_o peloponnesian_a shore_n take_v a_o large_a journey_n under_o the_o sea_n till_o it_o arrive_v at_o syracuse_n where_o it_o end_v in_o arethuse_n which_o bring_v forth_o they_o say_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v cast_v into_o alpheus_n which_o be_v much_o like_o that_o which_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o well_o of_o aesculapius_n in_o athens_n wherein_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v cast_v they_o be_v render_v again_o in_o phalericus_fw-la but_o this_o last_o i_o rather_o hold_v as_o a_o poetical_a fiction_n than_o a_o true_a history_n some_o river_n there_o be_v which_o be_v not_o whole_o drown_v in_o the_o earth_n but_o for_o some_o part_n aâ—_n a_o part_n of_o the_o rhâ—nâ—_n which_o be_v hide_v about_o four_o thousand_o pace_n from_o the_o city_n cauba_n and_o show_v itself_o again_o before_o it_o come_v to_o bonna_n in_o like_a manner_n a_o part_n of_o danuâ—ius_n which_o hide_v itself_o about_o greina_fw-la a_o town_n of_o panonia_n superior_a some_o river_n there_o be_v again_o which_o be_v not_o drink_v up_o immediate_o of_o the_o earth_n but_o of_o certain_a great_a lake_n into_o which_o they_o fall_v as_o jordan_n of_o the_o lake_n asphaltites_n some_o lake_n again_o have_v swallow_v up_o river_n as_o it_o be_v vomit_v they_o forth_o again_o as_o rubresius_fw-la cast_v out_o araâ—e_a in_o the_o province_n of_o narbon_n and_o so_o lemanus_n the_o river_n rhodanus_n in_o the_o same_o province_n also_o in_o italy_n lorus_n cast_v out_o abdua_n eupilus_fw-la lambre_n fucinus_n marcia_n 4_o river_n for_o the_o most_o part_n rise_v out_o of_o great_a mountain_n and_o at_o last_o by_o diverse_a or_o one_o inlet_n be_v disburden_v into_o the_o sea_n the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v manifest_a enough_o out_o of_o diverse_a instance_n of_o the_o great_a river_n in_o the_o world_n for_o all_o geographer_n will_v give_v you_o to_o understand_v that_o the_o river_n indus_n in_o iâ—dia_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o mountain_n caâ—casus_n tanais_n from_o the_o riphaean_a mountain_n in_o sarmaâ—ia_n araxis_fw-la from_o panardes_n in_o armenia_n po_n from_o the_o vesusian_a hill_n in_o liguria_n danubius_n from_o arnobia_n in_o germany_n exesus_fw-la in_o norico_fw-la from_o the_o mountain_n elachia_n isara_n from_o the_o ridge_n of_o the_o alps_n towards_o france_n and_o durias_n towards_o italy_n from_o thence_o so_o from_o the_o herminian_n mountain_n in_o portugal_n be_v derive_v three_o great_a river_n so_o nilus_n in_o africa_n from_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o moon_n these_o river_n thus_o rise_v be_v of_o diverse_a kind_n for_o some_o have_v visible_a apparent_a spring_n and_o fountain_n other_o be_v derive_v from_o lake_n out_o of_o which_o they_o run_v as_o alba_n in_o prusia_n out_o of_o elbinga_n medoarus_fw-la &_o oxus_n out_o of_o two_o lake_n of_o the_o same_o name_n near_o the_o alps_n rindacus_n from_o artinia_n a_o pool_n beside_o melitopolis_n the_o reason_n why_o river_n shall_v be_v engender_v in_o mountain_n and_o such_o high_a place_n may_v be_v give_v because_o they_o be_v make_v as_o we_o show_v before_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n star_n and_o subterranean_a fire_n rarify_n and_o attenuate_v the_o water_n and_o this_o operation_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o high_a place_n must_v needs_o be_v more_o effectual_a then_o in_o low_a now_o for_o the_o second_o part_n it_o be_v plain_a to_o prove_v that_o all_o river_n run_v into_o the_o sea_n either_o make_v a_o passage_n from_o their_o fountain_n on_o the_o land_n towards_o the_o sea_n shore_n as_o nilus_n and_o danubius_n with_o other_o river_n or_o by_o disburthen_v themselves_o into_o great_a river_n wherein_o they_o be_v convey_v into_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o 60_o great_a navigable_a river_n which_o empty_a themselves_o into_o danubius_n or_o at_o least_o be_v swallow_v up_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o reduce_v again_o to_o their_o first_o mother_n which_o we_o may_v imagine_v of_o the_o river_n forspeak_v of_o drink_v up_o of_o the_o earth_n although_o all_o river_n as_o we_o show_v fall_n into_o the_o sea_n yet_o not_o all_o in_o one_o &_o the_o selfsame_o fashion_n if_o we_o respect_v their_o passage_n on_o the_o land_n for_o some_o be_v carry_v into_o the_o sea_n by_o one_o oâ—tium_fw-la or_o mouth_n whereof_o we_o have_v two_o notable_a example_n the_o first_o of_o a_o great_a river_n in_o brasill_n call_v rio_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plate_n which_o be_v carry_v into_o the_o sea_n by_o a_o mouth_n of_o 40_o league_n with_o such_o violence_n that_o the_o mariner_n may_v â—hence_o draw_v fresh_a water_n before_o they_o come_v within_o sight_n of_o land_n the_o other_o not_o much_o unlike_a be_v that_o which_o run_v by_o the_o kingdom_n of_o congo_n &_o angolo_n which_o be_v six_o and_o thirty_o thousand_o pace_n broad_a where_o it_o enter_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o be_v carry_v with_o such_o a_o force_n that_o it_o sever_v the_o
be_v hard_a and_o more_o rocky_a than_o other_o as_o be_v more_o able_a to_o resist_v this_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n hence_o also_o it_o happen_v that_o old_a building_n be_v erect_v in_o the_o side_n of_o mountain_n have_v their_o foundation_n after_o a_o time_n uncover_v and_o be_v much_o subject_n to_o ruin_n a_o instance_n whereof_o may_v be_v give_v out_o of_o the_o roman_a capitol_n who_o foundation_n according_a to_o the_o relation_n of_o george_n agricola_n appear_v now_o plain_o above_o the_o ground_n which_o without_o question_n be_v heretofore_o deep_o root_v in_o the_o earth_n in_o plain_n and_o valley_n we_o find_v all_o thing_n to_o happen_v contrary_a wise_a to_o wit_n that_o all_o place_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o superficies_n be_v raise_v much_o high_a than_o they_o be_v in_o time_n past_a the_o reason_n whereof_o may_v easy_o be_v give_v out_o of_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o the_o earth_n carry_v by_o the_o wash_n of_o the_o rain_n from_o the_o topps_n of_o mountain_n into_o the_o valley_n whence_o we_o may_v perceive_v old_a house_n heretofore_o fair_o build_v to_o be_v now_o almost_o bury_v under_o ground_n and_o their_o window_n heretofore_o set_v at_o a_o reasonable_a height_n now_o grow_v even_o with_o the_o pavement_n so_o some_o write_v of_o the_o triumphal_a arch_n of_o septimius_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o capitol_n mountain_n in_o rome_n now_o almost_o cover_v with_o earth_n insomuch_o as_o they_o be_v enforce_v to_o descend_v down_o into_o it_o by_o as_o many_o stair_n as_o former_o they_o be_v use_v to_o ascend_v in_o like_a sort_n we_o see_v in_o old_a monastery_n &_o religious_a house_n their_o low_a room_n window_n &_o door_n very_o far_o couch_v under_o ground_n of_o which_o great_a inconvenience_n we_o can_v suspect_v the_o architect_n judgement_n but_o rather_o our_o forementioned_a cause_n from_o this_o bury_n of_o part_n of_o some_o house_n under_o ground_n it_o may_v be_v gather_v that_o the_o far_o they_o be_v under_o ground_n so_o much_o ancient_a they_o be_v as_o we_o may_v observe_v here_o with_o we_o in_o oxford_n that_o our_o most_o ancient_a college_n have_v the_o window_n of_o their_o low_a room_n somewhere_o altogether_o choke_v up_o with_o earth_n without_o or_o at_o least_o half_a way_n in_o somuch_o as_o the_o flore_fw-la within_o be_v find_v to_o be_v far_o inferior_a in_o height_n to_o the_o street_n without_o this_o be_v also_o confirm_v by_o architect_n who_o in_o dig_v up_o old_a foundation_n before_o they_o come_v to_o firm_a ground_n whereon_o to_o erect_v a_o building_n be_v enforce_v first_o to_o remove_v away_o the_o rubbish_n or_o as_o they_o term_v it_o the_o made-ground_n wherein_o oftentimes_o they_o find_v wood_n iron-instrument_n old_a coin_n with_o diverse_a other_o trash_n of_o this_o nature_n a_o instance_n we_o have_v in_o some_o of_o the_o low_a place_n in_o somersetshire_n where_o some_o upon_o occasion_n dig_v the_o earth_n somewhat_o deep_a have_v find_v great_a okes_n turn_v topsy_n turuie_o with_o their_o root_n upward_o to_o conjecture_v with_o some_o that_o this_o be_v cause_v by_o noah_n flood_n seem_v to_o be_v very_o improbable_a 1_o because_o as_o we_o have_v former_o show_v in_o this_o chapter_n the_o water_n in_o the_o deluge_n can_v not_o have_v so_o violent_a a_o motion_n to_o procure_v such_o a_o alteration_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n 2_o it_o can_v so_o well_o be_v imagine_v how_o such_o tree_n shall_v remain_v so_o long_a a_o time_n without_o putrefaction_n wherefore_o we_o can_v well_o cast_v it_o on_o any_o other_o cause_n than_o the_o addition_n of_o the_o earthly_a part_n bring_v by_o rain_n from_o the_o mountain_n into_o the_o valley_n and_o so_o by_o some_o land-flood_n which_o partake_v much_o of_o slimy_a and_o earthly_a matter_n disperse_v abroad_o upon_o the_o land_n about_o now_o on_o the_o contrary_a part_n we_o find_v in_o few_o place_n of_o mountain_n such_o made-ground_n which_o have_v before_o be_v move_v this_o will_v also_o appear_v out_o of_o the_o industry_n of_o our_o low-countreyman_a who_o by_o bay_v up_o the_o river_n into_o certain_a artificial_a channel_n the_o ground_n about_o have_v be_v much_o raise_v where_o on_o the_o contrary_a side_n the_o force_n of_o the_o water_n into_o high_a place_n oftentimes_o be_v find_v to_o fret_v through_o the_o earth_n and_o make_v it_o low_o what_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o effect_n of_o river_n and_o raine_n in_o diminish_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o exalt_v of_o the_o valley_n we_o may_v in_o some_o sort_n find_v in_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v low_a than_o the_o earth_n and_o many_o great_a river_n continual_o run_v from_o the_o earth_n into_o it_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o there_o be_v carry_v in_o their_o current_n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o earth_n in_o so_o much_o as_o by_o the_o heap_v of_o sand_n and_o earthly_a rubbish_n the_o mouth_n of_o great_a river_n be_v in_o time_n choke_v up_o and_o commodious_a haven_n spoil_v and_o remove_v far_o into_o the_o land_n of_o which_o alternall_a transmutation_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o land_n wâ—_n shall_v speak_v hereafter_o &_o for_o present_a instance_n need_v to_o go_v no_o far_o than_o diverse_a town_n in_o devon_n which_o according_a to_o the_o relation_n of_o ancient_a man_n have_v heretofore_o be_v fair_a haven_n able_a to_o receive_v great_a ship_n to_o which_o notwithstanding_o at_o this_o time_n a_o small_a boat_n can_v arrive_v except_o in_o a_o full_a tide_n meteor_n the_o like_a whereof_o be_v report_v by_o aristotle_n 1_o of_o a_o place_n in_o egypt_n call_v delta_n make_v by_o the_o heap_v up_o of_o sand_n and_o slime_n bring_v by_o nilus_n from_o the_o ethiopian_a mountain_n 2_o of_o ammania_fw-la regio_fw-la which_o in_o time_n past_o be_v sea_n through_o the_o slime_n convey_v in_o the_o river_n become_v afterward_o as_o a_o stand_a pool_n which_o in_o process_n of_o time_n wax_v dry_a and_o join_v itself_o to_o the_o continent_n 3_o of_o maeotis_n palus_n that_o the_o dry_a land_n environ_v it_o round_o be_v so_o much_o increase_v that_o ship_n of_o that_o burden_n can_v arrive_v which_o can_v in_o time_n pass_v within_o 60_o year_n before_o which_o be_v also_o in_o some_o sort_n testify_v by_o polybius_n 4_o the_o like_a be_v relate_v of_o bosphorus_n thracius_n and_o many_o other_o place_n record_v by_o pliny_n 4._o of_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o from_o these_o observation_n blancanus_n will_v infer_v these_o consectary_n 1_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o from_o the_o beginning_n endow_v with_o mountain_n 2_o that_o it_o shall_v not_o so_o continue_v until_o the_o end_n of_o the_o world_n â—nd_v unless_o the_o fire_n whereof_o the_o scripture_n speak_v shall_v prevent_v it_o the_o whole_a earth_n shall_v in_o the_o end_n be_v overwhelmed_n with_o water_n as_o in_o the_o beginning_n and_o so_o be_v make_v void_a of_o habitation_n but_o on_o such_o conjecture_n i_o dare_v not_o too_o bold_o venture_v be_v speculation_n build_v on_o no_o sufficient_a ground_n all_o which_o can_v hence_o warrantable_o be_v collect_v be_v express_v in_o our_o former_a theorem_a 2_o of_o the_o figurature_n of_o country_n in_o mountain_n valley_n and_o plain_n we_o have_v speak_v it_o be_v requisite_a here_o we_o speak_v somewhat_o of_o wood_n and_o champion_n country_n 3_o a_o wood_n be_v a_o region_n or_o space_n of_o land_n beset_v with_o tree_n a_o champion_n region_n be_v a_o space_n of_o land_n either_o altogether_o void_a or_o scarce_o furnish_v with_o tree_n some_o critic_n here_o curious_o distinguish_v in_o latin_a betwixt_o sylva_n lucus_n and_o nemus_n by_o sylva_n understand_v a_o space_n beset_v with_o tree_n ordain_v to_o be_v cut_v down_o but_o lucus_n be_v a_o place_n where_o tree_n be_v not_o ordain_v to_o be_v cut_v down_o but_o reserve_v sacred_a for_o in_o such_o grove_n they_o do_v ancient_o use_v to_o offer_v sacrifice_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o diverse_a place_n out_o of_o the_o old_a testament_n where_o the_o heathenish_a manner_n of_o worship_v be_v forbid_v and_o sometime_o reprove_v in_o the_o king_n of_o juda_n and_o israel_n that_o which_o the_o latin_n call_v nemus_n be_v a_o grove_n or_o wood_n ordain_v only_o for_o pleasure_n and_o recreation_n but_o the_o discuss_n of_o these_o business_n rather_o belong_v to_o a_o grammarian_n then_o a_o geographer_n who_o take_v little_a notice_n but_o of_o those_o matter_n which_o most_o principal_o and_o remarkable_o belong_v to_o any_o region_n wherefore_o omit_v other_o curiosity_n we_o have_v distinguish_v only_o between_o a_o woody_n and_o a_o champion_n country_n whereof_o as_o we_o have_v define_v one_o be_v beset_v with_o a_o multitude_n of_o tree_n the_o other_o with_o few_o or_o none_o what_o concern_v a_o
albertus_n magnus_n who_o in_o his_o commentary_n upon_o the_o great_a conjunction_n of_o albumazar_n observe_v that_o before_o noah_n flood_n chance_v a_o conjunction_n of_o jupiter_n and_o saturn_n in_o the_o last_o degree_n of_o cancer_n against_o the_o constellation_n since_o term_v argo_n ship_n out_o of_o which_o he_o will_v needs_o collect_v that_o the_o flood_n of_o noah_n may_v have_v be_v foreshown_a because_o cancer_n be_v a_o watery_a sign_n and_o the_o house_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v mistress_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o all_o moist_a body_n according_a to_o astrology_n which_o opinion_n be_v afterward_o confirm_v by_o petrus_n de_fw-it alliaco_fw-it who_o affirm_v in_o his_o comment_n upon_o genesis_n that_o although_o noah_n do_v well_o know_v this_o flood_n by_o divine_a revelation_n yet_o this_o conjunction_n be_v so_o notable_a he_o can_v not_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o cause_n thereof_o for_o those_o be_v not_o only_a sign_n but_o also_o apparent_a cause_n by_o virtue_n receive_v from_o the_o first_o cause_n which_o be_v god_n himself_o further_o to_o confirm_v this_o assertion_n he_o will_v have_v moses_n by_o the_o cataract_n of_o heaven_n to_o have_v mean_v the_o the_o great_a &_o watery_a conjunction_n of_o the_o planet_n a_o reason_n whereof_o he_o seem_v to_o allege_v because_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o god_n will_v show_v some_o sign_n in_o the_o heaven_n by_o which_o all_o man_n may_v be_v warn_v to_o forsake_v their_o wicked_a course_n but_o notwithstanding_o this_o curious_a opinion_n i_o rather_o cleave_v to_o those_o which_o think_v this_o deluge_n to_o be_v mere_o supernatural_a which_o i_o be_o induce_v to_o believe_v for_o diverse_a cause_n urge_v by_o worthy_a writer_n first_o because_o this_o be_v set_v down_o in_o holy_a scripture_n for_o a_o chief_a token_n or_o mark_n of_o noah_n extraordinary_a faith_n &_o dependence_n upon_o god_n promise_n which_o have_v be_v much_o diminish_v and_o of_o small_a moment_n have_v it_o any_o way_n be_v ground_v on_o the_o foresight_n of_o second_o cause_n for_o this_o be_v no_o more_o than_o may_v have_v be_v discover_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o wicked_a worldling_n who_o no_o doubt_n will_v in_o some_o sort_n have_v provide_v for_o their_o safety_n have_v they_o receive_v any_o firm_a persuasion_n of_o this_o dreadful_a deluge_n to_o which_o other_o add_v a_o second_o reason_n that_o second_o cause_n of_o themselves_o without_o any_o change_n or_o alteration_n be_v not_o able_a to_o produce_v such_o a_o admirable_a effect_n as_o the_o drown_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n for_o it_o be_v not_o convenient_a say_v they_o that_o god_n the_o author_n of_o nature_n shall_v so_o dispose_v and_o direct_v the_o second_o cause_n that_o they_o may_v of_o themselves_o be_v able_a to_o invert_v the_o order_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o overwhelm_v the_o whole_a earth_n which_o he_o give_v man_n for_o his_o habitation_n but_o this_o reason_n be_v think_v very_o weak_a for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o seem_v to_o imply_v a_o new_a creation_n the_o conceit_n of_o a_o new_a creation_n be_v pronounce_v by_o a_o learned_a countryman_n of_o we_o both_o unlearned_a and_o foolish_a for_o whereas_o it_o be_v write_v say_v he_o that_o the_o fountain_n of_o the_o deep_a be_v break_v open_a it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v understand_v then_o that_o the_o water_n forsake_v the_o very_a bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o all_o whatsoever_o therein_o be_v disperse_v make_v a_o eruption_n through_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n now_o if_o we_o compare_v the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n in_o this_o deluge_n above_o the_o high_a mountain_n be_v only_o 15_o cubit_n with_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o semi-diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o centre_n we_o shall_v not_o find_v it_o impossible_a answer_v reason_n with_o reason_n that_o all_o these_o water_n disperse_v under_o the_o earth_n shall_v so_o far_o extend_v as_o to_o drown_v the_o whole_a earth_n for_o the_o semi-diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o astronomer_n teach_v be_v not_o above_o 35_o â—_o mile_n wherein_o the_o water_n contain_v and_o disperse_v may_v be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o height_n of_o the_o great_a mountain_n which_o never_o attain_v 30_o mile_n upright_o whereas_o this_o distance_n of_o 30_o mile_n be_v find_v in_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o earth_n 116_o time_n second_o the_o extension_n of_o the_o air_n be_v exceed_o great_a it_o may_v please_v god_n to_o condensate_a and_o thicken_v a_o great_a part_n thereof_o which_o may_v concur_v to_o this_o inundation_n we_o willing_o assent_v to_o the_o worthy_a author_n that_o this_o inundation_n may_v be_v perform_v without_o any_o new_a creation_n notwithstanding_o we_o can_v hence_o collect_v that_o it_o be_v natural_a but_o to_o compose_v the_o difference_n the_o better_a and_o to_o show_v how_o far_o nature_n have_v a_o hand_n in_o this_o admirable_a effect_n we_o will_v thus_o distinguish_v that_o a_o effect_n may_v be_v call_v natural_a two_o manner_n of_o way_n first_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o cause_n themselves_o second_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o direction_n and_o application_n of_o the_o cause_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o mere_a secondary_a and_o instrumental_a cause_n we_o may_v call_v this_o effect_n natural_a because_o it_o be_v partly_o perform_v by_o their_o help_n and_o concurrence_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o mutual_a application_n and_o conjunction_n of_o these_o second_o cause_n together_o with_o the_o first_o cause_n which_o extraordinary_o set_v they_o a_o work_n we_o must_v needs_o acknowledge_v it_o to_o be_v supernatural_a for_o other_o particular_a inundation_n in_o particular_a region_n we_o may_v more_o safe_o term_v they_o natural_a as_o direct_v and_o stir_v up_o by_o second_o cause_n work_v no_o otherwise_o then_o according_a to_o their_o own_o natural_a disposition_n two_o cause_n concur_v together_o be_v here_o most_o notable_a whereof_o the_o first_o be_v the_o great_a conjunction_n of_o watery_a planet_n work_v on_o the_o water_n their_o proper_a subject_n the_o other_o the_o weakness_n of_o the_o bound_n and_o bank_n restrain_v the_o water_n which_o by_o process_n of_o time_n wear_v out_o and_o suffer_v breach_n both_o these_o cause_n sometime_o concur_v together_o cause_n a_o inundation_n which_o assertion_n we_o may_v lawful_o accept_v but_o with_o this_o caution_n that_o almighty_a god_n work_v by_o second_o cause_n nevertheless_o direct_v they_o oftentimes_o to_o supernatural_a and_o extraordinary_a end_n 2_o particular_a alteration_n have_v happen_v to_o bound_n of_o region_n by_o particular_a inundation_n howsoever_o some_o inundation_n have_v not_o continue_v long_o but_o after_o a_o small_a time_n leâ—t_v the_o earth_n to_o her_o own_o possession_n yet_o other_o have_v be_v of_o such_o violence_n as_o they_o have_v be_v find_v to_o have_v fret_v away_o or_o add_v and_o so_o alter_v the_o bound_n and_o limit_n of_o place_n which_o beside_o diverse_a example_n produce_v by_o we_o in_o our_o former_a chapter_n aristotle_n seem_v to_o acknowledge_v in_o the_o 1_o book_n ofhi_v meteor_n the_o 14_o chapter_n where_o he_o say_v that_o by_o such_o accident_n sometime_o the_o continent_n and_o firm_a land_n be_v turn_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o otherwhere_a the_o sea_n have_v resign_v place_n to_o the_o land_n for_o since_o the_o agitation_n or_o move_v of_o the_o water_n depend_v ordinary_o upon_o the_o virtue_n of_o heavenly_a body_n if_o it_o shall_v happen_v that_o those_o star_n shall_v meet_v in_o conjunction_n which_o be_v most_o forceable_a and_o effectual_a for_o stir_v up_o of_o tempest_n and_o flood_n the_o sea_n be_v know_v to_o rage_n beyond_o measure_n either_o leave_v her_o ancient_a bound_n or_o else_o usurp_a new_a by_o this_o mean_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n some_o land_n have_v be_v join_v to_o the_o land_n and_o some_o peninsula_n separate_v from_o the_o land_n and_o make_v land_n somewhere_o the_o sea_n have_v be_v observe_v for_o a_o great_a space_n to_o leave_v the_o land_n naked_a as_o verstegan_n conjecture_n of_o the_o most_o part_n of_o belgia_n which_o he_o say_v be_v in_o ancient_a time_n cover_v with_o water_n which_o beside_o many_o other_o argument_n he_o labour_v to_o prove_v out_o of_o the_o multitude_n of_o fish-shell_n and_o fish-bone_n find_v everywhere_a far_o under_o ground_n about_o holland_n and_o the_o coast_n thereabouts_o which_o be_v dig_v up_o in_o such_o abundance_n and_o from_o such_o depth_n can_v not_o say_v he_o proceed_v from_o any_o other_o cause_n then_o the_o sea_n which_o cover_v the_o whole_a country_n and_o strew_v it_o with_o fish_n last_o that_o the_o sea_n may_v seem_v as_o well_o to_o get_v as_o lose_v she_o have_v show_v her_o power_n in_o take_v away_o and_o swallow_v up_o some_o region_n and_o city_n which_o before_o be_v extant_a such_o fortune_n have_v pyrrha_n and_o antisâ—a_n about_o meotis_n
complexion_n of_o heat_n and_o moisture_n the_o middle_a region_n betwixt_o both_o extreme_n be_v compound_v of_o both_o must_v needs_o by_o mixture_n and_o participation_n enjoy_v a_o middle_a quality_n beside_o this_o eâ—poâ—iâ—ion_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o temper_n we_o shall_v observe_v many_o special_a mark_n and_o instance_n which_o will_v discover_v this_o variety_n of_o disposition_n first_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o heat_n and_o moisture_n be_v the_o two_o quality_n of_o fecundity_n whence_o it_o must_v consequent_o follow_v those_o region_n which_o be_v most_o populous_a to_o be_v chief_o endow_v with_o this_o quality_n and_o disposition_n now_o where_o shall_v we_o of_o this_o hemisphere_n find_v any_o country_n to_o who_o nature_n owe_v a_o great_a increase_n of_o mankind_n but_o in_o the_o north_n among_o the_o goth_n the_o scythians_n the_o scandian_o and_o germane_a by_o who_o abundant_a fertility_n vast_a desert_n have_v be_v culture_v and_o inhabit_v stately_a city_n have_v be_v found_v colony_n have_v be_v transport_v and_o derive_v almost_o into_o all_o europe_n hence_o have_v methodius_n &_o p._n diacoâ—â—â—_n compare_v the_o army_n of_o the_o north_n to_o swarm_v of_o beeâ—_n and_o the_o north_n be_v term_v by_o olaus_n magnus_n the_o store-house_n of_o mankind_n to_o wit_n from_o which_o so_o many_o strong_a nation_n aâ—_n the_o goth_n the_o gepidae_n the_o hun_n the_o cymbrian_n the_o lumbards_n â—he_n alanâ—_n the_o bâ—rgundians_n the_o norman_n the_o pict_n the_o herâ—â—â—_n the_o sâ—eâ—ianâ—_n the_o slavi_fw-la the_o swiâ—zers_n and_o the_o russian_n be_v not_o ashamed_a to_o derive_v their_o ancestry_n but_o here_o may_v be_v object_v that_o the_o southern_a people_n be_v much_o more_o addict_v to_o venery_n then_o the_o northern_a which_o seem_v a_o argument_n of_o great_a heat_n but_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o this_o insatiate_a appetite_n of_o venery_n in_o the_o southern_a people_n proceed_v not_o from_o heat_n bâ—t_v from_o choler_n adust_a and_o melancholy_a which_o humour_n carry_v in_o they_o a_o salt_n and_o sharp_a quality_n according_a to_o physician_n which_o stir_v up_o their_o appetite_n to_o venery_n which_o we_o may_v plain_o obseruâ—_n by_o experience_n for_o no_o man_n be_v more_o move_v by_o this_o itch_a appetite_n of_o carnal_a copulation_n then_o melancholy_a man_n but_o howsoever_o this_o affection_n be_v most_o predominant_a in_o such_o man_n yet_o it_o be_v hardly_o second_v by_o performance_n which_o make_v geographer_n to_o ascribe_v more_o promptness_n of_o generation_n to_o the_o northern_a man_n although_o sensual_a concupiscence_n reign_v more_o in_o the_o southern_a man_n which_o indifferent_a proportion_n be_v without_o doubt_n grant_v to_o either_o by_o the_o providence_n of_o almighty_a god_n that_o they_o who_o be_v endow_v with_o a_o great_a sufficiency_n shall_v less_o affect_v sensual_a delight_n then_o the_o rest_n which_o want_v that_o proportion_n of_o heaâ—_n and_o moisture_n and_o those_o of_o the_o other_o sort_n shall_v have_v their_o appetite_n more_o raise_v up_o to_o wantonness_n without_o the_o which_o their_o offspring_n will_v soon_o fail_v a_o second_o argument_n to_o prove_v our_o assertion_n be_v the_o tall_a and_o large_a stature_n of_o the_o northern_a man_n which_o argue_v both_o heat_n and_o moisture_n whereas_o the_o southern_a man_n be_v small_a and_o dwarfish_a in_o stature_n compose_v of_o weak_a and_o feeble_a nerve_n that_o the_o people_n situate_v towards_o the_o pole_n in_o a_o moderate_a distance_n surpass_v in_o greatness_n can_v be_v show_v not_o only_o in_o this_o our_o hemisphere_n in_o the_o germaâ—s_n scythian_n belgian_n â—nd_v other_o but_o also_o in_o the_o other_o by_o the_o pantagones_n who_o siâ—uation_n southward_o answer_v somewhat_o near_o to_o the_o height_n of_o germany_n that_o moisture_n be_v a_o great_a cause_n of_o growth_n appear_v as_o well_o by_o tree_n and_o other_o vegetal_n which_o grow_v in_o low_a and_o marish_a ground_n increase_v to_o a_o most_o incredible_a greatness_n as_o of_o those_o foremention_v on_o the_o side_n of_o rivo_n negro_n in_o peru_n and_o near_o the_o lake_n hiarotis_n in_o india_n as_o by_o beast_n for_o first_o we_o find_v the_o moiste_v to_o be_v of_o great_a stature_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o great_a whale_n and_o fish_n in_o the_o sea_n grow_v to_o such_o a_o vast_a quantity_n second_o such_o beast_n as_o have_v hot_a and_o moist_a body_n can_v so_o well_o prosper_v and_o live_v in_o those_o southern_a country_n as_o the_o horse_n which_o by_o nature_n be_v hot_a and_o moist_a live_v but_o faint_o in_o aethiopia_n yet_o be_v of_o good_a strength_n in_o scythia_n whereas_o the_o ass_n be_v by_o nature_n hot_a and_o dry_a be_v of_o great_a account_n and_o service_n in_o africa_n in_o europe_n little_o respect_v in_o scythia_n can_v live_v neither_o be_v moisture_n sufficient_a for_o the_o growth_n except_o it_o be_v stir_v up_o by_o heat_n wherefore_o we_o may_v conclude_v hence_o that_o the_o northern_a man_n have_v both_o out_o of_o the_o contrary_a effect_n we_o may_v likewise_o collect_v that_o the_o southern_a man_n want_v this_o quality_n these_o reason_n indifferent_o prove_v these_o quality_n to_o wit_n of_o heat_n and_o moisture_n to_o be_v in_o the_o northern_a man_n and_o the_o contrary_a in_o the_o southern_a diverse_a other_o argument_n be_v urge_v some_o to_o prove_v the_o one_o quality_n some_o the_o other_o apart_o a_o great_a argument_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o northern_a man_n may_v be_v his_o extraordinary_a drink_n a_o vicâ—_n which_o can_v never_o be_v reform_v or_o correct_v by_o time_n or_o statute_n this_o drought_n of_o they_o stir_v up_o this_o desire_n of_o drink_v can_v proceed_v from_o no_o other_o cause_n than_o their_o heat_n whereas_o the_o southern_a man_n be_v seldom_o tax_v of_o this_o vice_n not_o because_o he_o be_v more_o religious_o temperate_a than_o the_o northern_a but_o rather_o for_o the_o natural_a temper_n of_o his_o body_n which_o can_v neither_o require_v or_o bear_v so_o much_o as_o the_o northern_a in_o so_o much_o as_o bodin_n seem_v to_o make_v a_o doubt_n whether_o the_o immoderate_a drink_n of_o the_o german_n be_v to_o be_v esteem_v a_o great_a fault_n than_o the_o niggardly_a spare_a humour_n of_o the_o italian_a since_o both_o arise_v rather_o out_o of_o nature_n than_o education_n another_o argument_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o northern_a man_n be_v the_o extraordinary_a strength_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o southern_a man_n which_o be_v a_o apparent_a demonstration_n of_o heat_n we_o find_v that_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o scythian_a be_v full_a of_o small_a string_n such_o as_o be_v in_o the_o gore_n of_o bull_n and_o boar_n and_o betoken_v strength_n whereas_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o african_a be_v thin_a such_o as_o be_v in_o a_o hart_n or_o hare_n no_o less_o be_v those_o reason_n which_o especial_o prove_v the_o northern_a man_n to_o be_v endow_v with_o much_o moisture_n three_o we_o may_v much_o better_o argue_v from_o the_o physiognomicall_a accident_n of_o the_o body_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o inhabitant_n under_o the_o tropicke_n to_o be_v exceed_o black_a under_o the_o pole_n itself_o beyond_o 60_o degree_n somewhat_o brown_a but_o from_o thence_o about_o 60_o their_o colour_n be_v red_a from_o thence_o to_o 45_o degree_n whitish_a about_o the_o 30_o they_o begin_v to_o wax_v yellow_a and_o then_o some_o what_o incline_v to_o green_a all_o which_o proceed_v out_o of_o the_o variety_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a for_o the_o blackness_n of_o the_o african_n about_o the_o tropicke_n we_o can_v ascribe_v to_o no_o other_o câ—rtaine_a â—ause_n then_o external_a heat_n and_o internal_a cold_a his_o necessary_a concomitant_a near_o to_o which_o approach_v the_o yellow_a and_o green_a colour_n of_o the_o people_n not_o far_o of_o whereof_o the_o forme_a discover_v choler_n and_o adustion_n the_o other_o melancholy_n and_o how_o soever_o the_o brownnesse_n of_o the_o people_n dwell_v very_o near_o thâ—_n pole_n may_v come_v by_o reason_n of_o external_a cold_a which_o by_o excess_n rather_o dry_v up_o their_o moisture_n then_o strengthen_v the_o internal_a heat_n yet_o the_o red_a colour_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n about_o 60_o degree_n be_v a_o firm_a argument_n of_o heat_n and_o the_o white_a â—ue_v of_o the_o middle_a people_n a_o apparent_a mark_n of_o a_o middle_a tempeâ—_n no_o less_o may_v be_v collect_v from_o the_o eye_n and_o hair_n of_o these_o three_o nation_n the_o eye_n of_o the_o scythian_n be_v general_o tend_v to_o a_o gray_a colour_n the_o remote_a have_v they_o of_o a_o blew-whitish_a shine_a colour_n as_o the_o cymbrian_n and_o dane_n according_a to_o plutarch_n the_o britanne_n â—ermans_n and_o norman_n come_v near_o unto_o this_o colour_n but_o have_v they_o not_o altogether_o so_o gray_a and_o shine_a but_o more_o obscure_a but_o the_o southern_a man_n have_v â—he_n colour_n
true_o they_o can_v rather_o admire_v then_o imitate_v and_o better_o set_v we_o the_o materials_n then_o invent_v the_o workmanship_n like_o those_o distress_a israelites_n which_o be_v enforce_v to_o run_v unto_o the_o philistine_n to_o have_v their_o sword_n sharpen_v as_o we_o ascribe_v to_o those_o nation_n of_o the_o north_n this_o perfection_n in_o operative_a and_o external_a faculty_n so_o can_v we_o deny_v the_o southern_a man_n his_o due_a prerogative_n which_o be_v religion_n &_o contemplation_n for_o these_o nation_n be_v above_o all_o other_o affect_v with_o melancholy_a willing_o withdrâ—w_v themselves_o from_o common_a society_n into_o desert_n and_o remote_a receptacle_n more_o accommodate_v to_o abstract_a meditation_n for_o contemplation_n be_v of_o the_o hebrew_n term_v a_o precious_a death_n have_v a_o special_a force_n to_o sharpen_v the_o wit_n of_o man_n and_o by_o separation_n as_o it_o be_v from_o the_o dregs_n of_o the_o vulgar_a not_o only_o open_v unto_o he_o the_o secrets_n of_o nature_n but_o giveâ—_n he_o wing_n to_o â—lie_v up_o to_o heaven_n in_o sacred_a meditation_n whence_o it_o can_v seem_v strange_a that_o from_o these_o part_n at_o first_o proceed_v the_o prophet_n philosopher_n mathematician_n of_o great_a estimation_n alâ—o_o that_o almost_o all_o religion_n of_o any_o great_a moment_n owe_v their_o first_o original_n to_o those_o part_n we_o need_v rove_v no_o far_o than_o the_o hebrew_n chaldaean_n egyptian_n grecian_n who_o we_o shall_v find_v the_o first_o founder_n of_o divine_a and_o humane_a science_n which_o historical_a observation_n dissent_v not_o any_o whit_n from_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o naturalist_n because_o as_o huarâ—â—s_n observe_v the_o true_a â—oment_n of_o the_o best_a understanding_n consi_v in_o the_o cold_a and_o dry_a brain_n incident_a to_o melancholy_n and_o aristoâ—le_n observe_v that_o beast_n themselves_n be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o adjudge_v to_o approach_v the_o prudencie_n of_o man_n by_o how_o much_o they_o partake_v the_o quality_n of_o cold_a a_o instance_n of_o which_o may_v be_v give_v in_o the_o elephant_n who_o blood_n according_a to_o plinys_n testimony_n be_v cold_a of_o all_o other_o creature_n to_o this_o i_o may_v add_v for_o a_o argument_n of_o the_o religious_a disposition_n of_o the_o southern_a man_n 〈…〉_z afâ—r_o write_v concern_v the_o vast_a number_n of_o temple_n in_o â—ome_o place_n of_o africa_n as_o about_o fez_n &_o morocco_n their_o strict_a obsâ—ruation_n of_o holy_a rite_n their_o rigid_a ecclesiastical_a censure_n witâ—_n such_o like_a what_o be_v speak_v by_o aluarez_n of_o the_o hill_n aâ—iarâ—_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o africa_n of_o their_o strange_a library_n church_n palace_n with_o other_o matter_n of_o this_o purpose_n will_v serve_v well_o to_o my_o purpose_n have_v â—_o the_o ingenuity_n to_o beleâ—ue_v the_o iâ—sâ—â—te_n but_o against_o this_o may_v be_v object_v perchance_o that_o the_o christian_a religion_n which_o be_v the_o true_a and_o only_a religion_n have_v no_o great_a foot_n as_o yet_o among_o thoâ—e_n southern_a nation_n second_o that_o their_o church_n have_v no_o perfect_a platform_n of_o ecclesiastical_a government_n as_o we_o find_v in_o other_o church_n towards_o the_o northern_a tract_n to_o the_o first_o i_o answer_v that_o we_o here_o speak_v of_o the_o inclination_n of_o man_n to_o religious_a exercise_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o depend_v on_o their_o natural_a disposition_n not_o respect_v this_o or_o that_o religion_n for_o to_o be_v inform_v in_o the_o true_a religion_n and_o reject_v all_o other_o depend_v not_o any_o way_n on_o the_o natural_a inclination_n of_o man_n but_o on_o the_o immediate_a gift_n of_o the_o almighty_a god_n which_o be_v please_v oftentimes_o to_o make_v elecâ—â—on_n of_o one_o nation_n before_o the_o other_o to_o make_v the_o one_o according_a to_o the_o apostle_n a_o vessel_n of_o honour_n the_o other_o of_o dishonour_n to_o the_o second_o i_o likewise_o answer_v that_o in_o religion_n two_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v first_o the_o religious_a and_o devouâ—_n inclination_n of_o man_n to_o embrace_v divine_a contemplation_n second_o the_o well_o order_v and_o govern_v of_o religious_a action_n according_a to_o law_n and_o statute_n pertain_v to_o the_o external_a regiment_n of_o the_o church_n the_o foâ—mer_n only_o be_v grant_v to_o â—he_n southern_a man_n we_o may_v ascribe_v the_o perfection_n of_o the_o other_o to_o the_o people_n of_o the_o middle_a region_n who_o we_o have_v pronounce_v to_o be_v most_o happy_a in_o the_o manage_n of_o â—ivill_a affair_n and_o politic_a government_n now_o to_o prove_v this_o people_n to_o be_v bâ—st_o endow_v with_o this_o faculty_n many_o reason_n may_v be_v allege_v because_o according_a to_o the_o testimony_n of_o most_o approve_a writer_n we_o have_v find_v law_n manner_n statute_n &_o the_o best_a manner_n of_o govern_v commonwealth_n to_o have_v procee_v from_o these_o nation_n for_o history_n will_v show_v we_o that_o the_o great_a and_o bâ—st_a empire_n of_o the_o world_n have_v flourish_v in_o asia_n greece_n asyâ—ia_n italy_n france_n germany_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o equâ—tour_n &_o the_o pâ—le_n from_o the_o 40_o to_o the_o 50_o degree_n and_o that_o out_o of_o these_o have_v always_o proceed_v the_o best_a commander_n the_o most_o prudent_a statesman_n and_o lawgivers_n the_o wise_a lawyer_n the_o most_o eloquent_a orator_n the_o wary_a merchant_n whereas_o neither_o africa_n in_o the_o south_n nor_o scythia_n in_o the_o north_n can_v ever_o boast_v of_o many_o lawgivers_n or_o statesman_n worthy_a note_n whence_o galen_n complain_v that_o scythia_n never_o bring_v forth_o any_o philosopher_n beside_o anacharsis_n of_o any_o great_a credit_n 3_o the_o people_n of_o the_o extreme_a region_n towards_o the_o pole_n in_o martial_a prowess_n have_v common_o prove_v strong_a than_o those_o near_o the_o equatour_n but_o the_o middle_a people_n more_o provident_a then_o either_o in_o the_o establishment_n and_o preservation_n of_o commonwealth_n the_o ground_n of_o this_o proposition_n we_o have_v lay_v before_o for_o the_o former_a clause_n that_o the_o people_n of_o the_o north_n shall_v prove_v more_o puissant_a than_o these_o of_o the_o south_n may_v well_o be_v conclude_v out_o of_o their_o natural_a strength_n of_o body_n and_o their_o courage_n of_o the_o mind_n whereof_o the_o latter_a make_v they_o â—eady_o to_o attempt_v the_o other_o to_o execute_v most_o chivalrous_a design_n neither_o want_n there_o most_o true_a and_o pregnant_a example_n in_o history_n to_o second_v this_o principle_n for_o every_o man_n that_o be_v indifferent_o see_v in_o history_n may_v observe_v with_o wonder_n how_o the_o strong_a nation_n of_o the_o scythian_n have_v invade_v the_o south_n win_v from_o they_o many_o trophy_n and_o victory_n whereas_o we_o seldom_o find_v any_o expedition_n set_v on_o from_o the_o south_n to_o the_o north_n except_o to_o the_o loss_n or_o ruin_n of_o the_o south_n worth_a any_o memorable_a relation_n to_o this_o many_o will_v have_v these_o threaten_a prophecy_n of_o jeremy_n ezechiel_n and_o isaiah_n to_o allude_v which_o foretell_v that_o from_o the_o north_n shall_v issue_v war_n troop_n of_o horseman_n and_o the_o ruin_n of_o kingdom_n this_o we_o shall_v observe_v to_o be_v true_a not_o only_o in_o the_o general_a but_o almost_o in_o all_o particular_a state_n which_o we_o shall_v find_v propagate_v from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n the_o assyrian_n at_o first_o overcome_v the_o chaldâ—â—â—s_n the_o mede_n the_o assyrian_n the_o persian_n the_o mede_n the_o greek_n the_o persian_n the_o parthian_n the_o greek_n the_o roman_n the_o carthaginians_n the_o goth_n the_o roman_n the_o turk_n the_o arabian_n the_o tartar_n the_o turk_n and_o howsoever_o the_o roman_n by_o their_o prowess_n win_v somewhat_o towards_o the_o north_n yet_o find_v they_o by_o experience_n that_o beyond_o danubius_n no_o great_a matter_n be_v to_o be_v expect_v for_o as_o much_o as_o these_o nation_n can_v not_o be_v easy_o vanquish_v and_o be_v overcome_v will_v not_o away_o with_o subjection_n which_o as_o some_o say_v be_v the_o cause_n that_o traian_n have_v build_v a_o great_a bridge_n of_o stone_n over_o the_o danow_n be_v persuade_v to_o break_v it_o down_o tacitus_n express_o confess_v that_o the_o german_n be_v too_o hard_o for_o the_o roman_n and_o can_v not_o have_v be_v overcome_v by_o they_o but_o by_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o weapon_n and_o manner_n of_o fight_n wherein_o the_o roman_n have_v long_o continue_v a_o civil_a nation_n have_v practise_v themselves_o which_o he_o second_v by_o many_o instance_n draw_v from_o several_a conflict_n betwixt_o the_o german_n and_o the_o roman_n which_o he_o may_v well_o speak_v for_o as_o much_o as_o himself_o report_v 210_o year_n be_v spend_v in_o the_o conquest_n of_o germany_n and_o no_o nation_n so_o much_o trouble_v they_o as_o this_o which_o notwithstanding_o when_o all_o be_v past_a be_v
arianisme_n the_o people_n of_o grâ—enland_n according_a to_o mâ—â—sters_n relation_n be_v of_o a_o waver_a disposition_n soon_o like_v the_o christian_a religion_n but_o soon_o relapse_v to_o idolatry_n the_o turk_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o scythian_n assoon_o as_o they_o come_v into_o asia_n without_o any_o great_a constraint_n embrace_v mahâ—metanisme_n the_o tartar_n likewise_o without_o any_o enforcement_n yield_v first_o to_o christianity_n and_o soon_o fall_v back_o to_o the_o arabian_a rite_n the_o norman_n come_v into_o france_n although_o very_o rude_a and_o barbarous_a reject_v gentilism_n paganism_n subscribe_v to_o the_o christian_n as_o soon_o or_o soon_o the_o islander_n fall_v from_o idolatry_n to_o the_o true_a religion_n the_o bohemian_n and_o saxon_n first_o cast_v off_o the_o roman_a yoke_n which_o be_v second_v by_o all_o saxonic_a the_o city_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n denmark_n norway_n suedia_n helvetia_n and_o britanny_n the_o revolt_n of_o these_o nation_n from_o the_o roman_a subjection_n i_o can_v term_v levity_n or_o inconstancy_n in_o their_o chief_a leader_n and_o teacher_n be_v such_o as_o upon_o long_a deliberation_n and_o mature_a advice_n attempt_v that_o which_o they_o know_v to_o be_v most_o consonant_a to_o truth_n and_o reason_n to_o who_o without_o doubt_n god_n almighty_n hand_n be_v not_o want_v but_o for_o the_o rude_a and_o vulgar_a people_n to_o be_v so_o soon_o win_v and_o turn_v from_o one_o opinion_n to_o aonther_n without_o long_a deliberation_n be_v argument_n of_o a_o mutable_a disposition_n sith_o there_o can_v be_v no_o great_a token_n of_o inconstancy_n then_o to_o make_v a_o absolute_a change_n of_o religion_n in_o all_o point_n in_o so_o short_a a_o space_n whereas_o the_o religion_n be_v so_o near_o affine_v the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o no_o man_n at_o first_o sight_n out_o of_o reason_n and_o discourse_n will_v embrace_v or_o reject_v all_o ground_n together_o but_o by_o degree_n no_o less_o argument_n of_o levity_n in_o those_o northern_a people_n be_v the_o distraction_n and_o division_n of_o they_o into_o so_o many_o sort_n and_o faction_n of_o religion_n as_o we_o find_v now_o in_o germany_n belgia_n polonia_n and_o elsewhere_o which_o no_o doubt_n at_o first_o proceed_v from_o one_o or_o few_o beginning_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a side_n if_o we_o look_v on_o the_o african_n and_o southern_a people_n we_o shall_v find_v they_o as_o obstinate_a and_o perverse_a in_o stand_v to_o their_o own_o proposition_n as_o ready_a to_o tax_v the_o northern_a people_n of_o levity_n and_o inconstancy_n for_o such_o have_v be_v the_o settle_a constancy_n of_o these_o nation_n as_o well_o african_n as_o asiatic_n that_o no_o mean_n can_v be_v invent_v to_o draw_v they_o from_o their_o opinion_n but_o either_o heavenly_a miracle_n or_o force_n of_o arm_n which_o constancy_n have_v be_v apparent_a noâ—_n only_o in_o man_n but_o also_o in_o woman_n and_o child_n which_o make_v antiochus_n even_o mad_a when_o he_o by_o all_o cruelty_n torture_v the_o seven_o son_n as_o we_o find_v in_o the_o boâ—ke_n of_o the_o maccabee_n yet_o be_v as_o far_o from_o turn_v they_o from_o their_o ceremony_n of_o forbear_v the_o eat_n of_o swine_n flesh_n that_o both_o the_o mother_n invite_v they_o and_o the_o child_n willing_o submit_v themselves_o to_o martyrdom_n against_o this_o constancy_n mahomet_n when_o neither_o by_o feign_a miracle_n noâ—_n persuasion_n he_o see_v he_o can_v prevail_v betake_v himself_o to_o arm_n for_o the_o establishment_n of_o his_o discipline_n which_o otherwise_o he_o can_v no_o way_n have_v bring_v to_o pâ—sse_v and_o it_o be_v strange_a to_o see_v the_o jew_n at_o this_o day_n which_o be_v a_o people_n disperse_v over_o the_o face_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n groan_v under_o the_o servile_a yoke_n of_o subjection_n have_v no_o king_n or_o supreme_a governor_n of_o their_o own_o have_v so_o obstinate_o retain_v their_o religion_n for_o these_o three_o thousand_o year_n what_o shall_v i_o speak_v of_o the_o mahometan_n in_o africa_n and_o asia_n of_o the_o indian_n the_o chinois_n and_o other_o southern_a people_n which_o have_v once_o settle_v a_o platform_n of_o religious_a discipline_n be_v impregnable_a against_o all_o persuasion_n main_o oppose_v themselves_o against_o the_o ground_n of_o our_o religion_n have_v not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o principle_n of_o nature_n to_o support_v their_o own_o to_o let_v pass_v the_o ordinary_a commerce_n and_o traffic_n with_o christian_a nation_n which_o in_o so_o evident_a a_o case_n may_v probable_o beget_v some_o fruit_n the_o admire_a industry_n of_o the_o jesuit_n erect_v their_o college_n among_o they_o may_v seem_v to_o promise_v great_a matter_n but_o as_o i_o have_v credible_o be_v enforce_v by_o such_o as_o have_v travail_v as_o well_o into_o turkey_n as_o africkâ—_n and_o india_n the_o event_n of_o their_o labour_n have_v come_v so_o far_o short_a of_o expectation_n that_o they_o have_v by_o their_o conference_n rather_o engender_v a_o worse_a opinion_n of_o christianity_n which_o though_o some_o may_v impute_v probable_o to_o their_o indirect_a mean_n and_o superstitious_a rite_n impose_v on_o the_o conscience_n what_o god_n never_o command_v but_o rather_o forbid_v yet_o who_o so_o shall_v observe_v the_o cunning_a and_o subtlety_n of_o these_o sophister_n will_v rather_o ascribe_v it_o to_o the_o perverse_a and_o stubborn_a disposition_n of_o the_o people_n unapt_a to_o receive_v any_o new_a impression_n for_o else_o who_o can_v imagine_v they_o can_v be_v so_o powerful_a in_o pervert_v and_o infect_v other_o with_o their_o roman_a superstition_n in_o these_o part_n have_v their_o conscience_n better_o inform_v out_o of_o god_n word_n and_o their_o understand_n ordinary_o better_a teach_v in_o principle_n and_o every_o way_n more_o strong_o fence_v against_o temptation_n as_o these_o southern_a nation_n always_o boast_v of_o their_o own_o constancy_n as_o a_o prime_a virtue_n so_o cease_v they_o not_o to_o upbraid_v the_o northern_a man_n with_o inconstant_a levity_n this_o the_o italian_n object_n to_o the_o french_a and_o german_n as_o we_o find_v in_o tacitus_n the_o greek_n heretofore_o to_o the_o italian_n the_o cretan_n to_o the_o grecian_n the_o hebrew_n and_o egyptian_n to_o the_o greek_n and_o cretan_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o other_o haâ—e_v so_o much_o complain_v of_o their_o perverse_a and_o settle_a superstition_n for_o to_o judge_v indifferent_o of_o either_o they_o be_v both_o vice_n decline_v from_o that_o golden_a mediocrity_n which_o we_o call_v constancy_n for_o the_o defect_n be_v levity_n the_o excess_n pertinacy_n and_o as_o it_o be_v very_o culpable_a in_o any_o man_n to_o turn_v with_o every_o wind_n so_o it_o be_v as_o great_a a_o indiscretion_n to_o be_v so_o wed_v to_o our_o own_o opinion_n or_o affection_n as_o to_o turn_v on_o no_o occasion_n because_o all_o thing_n under_o the_o sun_n be_v subject_a to_o change_v and_o alteration_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v the_o part_n of_o a_o wise_a man_n to_o accommodate_v himself_o unto_o the_o object_n and_o not_o in_o a_o fond_a dream_n to_o wrest_v all_o the_o world_n to_o his_o own_o fancy_n for_o a_o wise_a seaman_n will_v rather_o obey_v the_o storm_n then_o seek_v his_o ruin_n and_o when_o he_o can_v recover_v the_o port_n will_v turn_v to_o any_o other_o point_n for_o his_o own_o preservation_n i_o speak_v here_o only_o of_o matter_n of_o state_n and_o policy_n and_o not_o of_o religious_a action_n otherwise_o then_o concern_v the_o external_a rite_n and_o ecclesiastical_a discipline_n the_o most_o part_n of_o which_o by_o wise_a man_n have_v be_v esteem_v no_o other_o than_o matter_n indifferent_a which_o may_v admit_v of_o change_n &_o alteration_n but_o here_o some_o one_o may_v object_v that_o the_o french_a of_o all_o nation_n have_v be_v general_o tax_v of_o lightness_n and_o inconstancy_n be_v notwithstanding_o in_o the_o middle_a region_n more_o north_n than_o the_o african_n yet_o more_o south_n than_o the_o german_n or_o scythian_n i_o can_v altogether_o excuse_v they_o of_o this_o national_n blemish_n yet_o with_o their_o countryman_n bodin_n i_o hold_v it_o more_o fit_o term_v temerity_n then_o levity_n be_v a_o people_n very_o quick_a and_o agile_a as_o well_o in_o speech_n as_o action_n in_o so_o much_o as_o the_o execution_n of_o matter_n with_o they_o many_o time_n be_v past_a â—re_n the_o spaniard_n can_v enter_v into_o consolation_n for_o as_o the_o spanish_a counsel_n be_v over_o slow_a and_o full_a of_o delay_n so_o be_v the_o french_a too_o heady_a and_o hasty_a and_o as_o delay_v to_o the_o one_o so_o rashness_n to_o the_o other_o have_v prove_v dangerous_a the_o mediocrity_n betwixt_o both_o be_v a_o promptitude_n or_o alacrity_n in_o effect_v matter_n be_v to_o be_v esteem_v as_o a_o virtue_n which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o italian_n who_o action_n be_v quick_a enough_o yet_o common_o
of_o the_o usurp_a turk_n which_o profess_v themselves_o to_o be_v utter_a enemy_n to_o learning_n and_o the_o true_a religion_n to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n in_o many_o place_n which_o be_v the_o great_a ground_n of_o solid_a knowledge_n for_o among_o all_o religion_n in_o the_o world_n there_o be_v none_o which_o give_v more_o way_n to_o learning_n then_o the_o christian_a whereas_o some_o other_o altogether_o forbid_v the_o study_n of_o such_o matter_n yet_o be_v not_o this_o inclination_n so_o absurd_a in_o the_o eastern_a people_n but_o that_o everywhere_a some_o mark_n and_o footstep_n will_v discover_v their_o disposition_n for_o in_o the_o east_n shall_v we_o find_v no_o small_a number_n of_o christian_a church_n and_o monastery_n profess_v christianity_n and_o other_o good_a learning_n but_o to_o speak_v no_o more_o of_o the_o christian_a religion_n which_o we_o hold_v rather_o by_o god_n special_a grace_n than_o nature_n the_o superstitious_a devotion_n of_o these_o heathen_a nation_n to_o their_o own_o false_a religion_n be_v a_o sufficient_a argument_n of_o their_o natural_a inclination_n to_o religious_a exercise_n how_o obstinate_o perverse_a ceremonious_a and_o superstitious_a the_o indian_n be_v find_v in_o idolatrous_a religion_n i_o have_v often_o wonder_v to_o hear_v some_o travayler_n report_n of_o the_o other_o hemisphere_n comprehend_v america_n i_o have_v as_o yet_o small_a evidence_n out_o of_o history_n whereon_o to_o ground_v any_o certainty_n all_o we_o can_v say_v shall_v be_v comprise_v in_o this_o theorem_a 2_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o the_o western_a hemisphere_n be_v people_v before_o the_o western_a this_o proposition_n seem_v probable_o warrant_v as_o well_o by_o reason_n as_o authority_n for_o first_o suppose_v as_o a_o infallible_a ground_n that_o the_o first_o offspring_n of_o all_o nation_n be_v in_o asia_n towards_o the_o east_n it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o to_o people_n america_n there_o shall_v be_v a_o passage_n thereunto_o out_o of_o asia_n because_o america_n be_v a_o long_a time_n not_o inhabit_v ere_o it_o be_v discover_v to_o the_o europaean_n this_o passage_n then_o be_v either_o by_o sea_n or_o land_n be_v it_o by_o sea_n the_o first_o part_n whereat_o they_o can_v arrive_v be_v the_o eastern_a side_n if_o we_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v by_o land_n as_o be_v most_o likely_a in_o those_o ancient_a time_n yet_o be_v it_o most_o probable_a it_o shall_v be_v on_o the_o north-east_n side_n from_o the_o pole_n because_o it_o be_v find_v by_o observation_n that_o on_o the_o northwest_n side_n it_o be_v divide_v from_o asia_n by_o streite_n then_o must_v they_o first_o touch_v on_o the_o eastern_a part_n to_o this_o we_o may_v add_v the_o experience_n of_o the_o castilian_n and_o portugall_n who_o first_o discover_v this_o part_n who_o affirm_v that_o the_o people_n dwell_v on_o that_o side_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o surpass_v the_o western_a by_o far_o in_o civility_n of_o manner_n knowledge_n and_o such_o endowment_n which_o may_v be_v a_o argument_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o their_o plantation_n chap._n xv._n 1._o the_o second_o diversity_n of_o disposition_n of_o inhabitant_n arise_v from_o the_o diverse_a nature_n of_o the_o soil_n here_o four_o distinction_n of_o nation_n be_v remarkable_a 1_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o plaine-countreyes_n 2_o of_o marish_a and_o dry_a 3._o of_o windy_a and_o quiet_a 4._o of_o sea-border_n and_o iland-people_n that_o man_n disposition_n be_v diverse_o vary_v according_a to_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o soil_n every_o man_n own_o experience_n may_v easy_o inform_v he_o for_o to_o reserve_v particular_a instance_n to_o their_o proper_a place_n it_o be_v most_o manifest_a that_o all_o the_o vital_a operation_n of_o the_o soul_n depend_v as_o well_o upon_o the_o corporeal_a and_o organical_a part_n as_o the_o spirit_n which_o be_v diverse_o affect_v by_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o air_n and_o earth_n must_v needs_o vary_v and_o suffer_v a_o change_n plain_o and_o evident_a disparity_n be_v find_v first_o betwixt_o two_o nation_n situate_v in_o the_o same_o parallel_n or_o climate_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n second_o betwixt_o two_o man_n bear_v in_o several_a country_n live_v together_o for_o some_o time_n in_o the_o same_o region_n three_o of_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o man_n live_v at_o diverse_a time_n in_o diverse_a region_n four_o of_o a_o man_n live_v in_o the_o same_o country_n at_o diverse_a season_n and_o time_n all_o which_o be_v heretofore_o demonstrate_v will_v declare_v unto_o we_o the_o great_a sympathy_n and_o operation_n the_o air_n and_o his_o diverse_a quality_n have_v with_o and_o on_o our_o corporeal_a spirit_n and_o organ_n but_o the_o temperament_n of_o the_o air_n as_o we_o have_v former_o show_v depend_v on_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o soil_n whence_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o natural_a disposition_n of_o man_n shall_v be_v vary_v somewhat_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o soil_n this_o disposition_n of_o the_o soil_n be_v manifold_a we_o have_v reduce_v only_o to_o three_o head_n leave_v other_o curiosity_n to_o such_o as_o have_v more_o leisure_n what_o we_o judge_v in_o this_o shall_v be_v declare_v in_o these_o theorem_n 1_o mountain_n people_n be_v for_o the_o most_o paâ—t_a more_o stout_a warlike_a and_o generous_a than_o those_o of_o plain_a country_n yet_o less_o tractable_a to_o government_n of_o the_o warlike_a disposition_n of_o the_o mountanist_n and_o their_o strange_a impatience_n to_o subjection_n many_o history_n give_v testimony_n geographer_n repor_fw-la that_o set_v aside_o the_o people_n of_o the_o north_n to_o who_o for_o strength_n and_o valour_n we_o have_v give_v the_o palm_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o mountain_n atlas_n be_v great_a and_o strong_a out_o of_o who_o the_o king_n of_o numidia_n and_o mauritania_n in_o time_n of_o war_n be_v wont_a to_o levy_v their_o force_n and_o it_o be_v worthy_a admiration_n to_o consider_v the_o mountain_n people_n of_o arabia_n who_o can_v never_o be_v draw_v to_o yield_v to_o subjection_n but_o be_v fortify_v not_o somuch_o by_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o place_n as_o some_o may_v happy_o imagine_v but_o rather_o by_o natural_a strength_n and_o valour_n have_v always_o live_v in_o liberty_n to_o who_o as_o be_v report_v the_o turk_n give_v a_o yearly_a stipend_n to_o keep_v they_o off_o from_o invade_v the_o territory_n of_o palestine_n and_o damascus_n of_o the_o maâ—sians_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o the_o apennine_a mountain_n in_o italy_n the_o roman_n be_v wont_n so_o well_o to_o conceive_v that_o it_o grow_v into_o a_o proverb_n sine_fw-la marsis_n triumphasse_n neminem_fw-la gostane_n when_o he_o go_v about_o to_o invade_v the_o kingdom_n of_o succia_n choose_v his_o legion_n of_o soldier_n out_o of_o the_o dalecarly_n who_o inhabit_v the_o succian_a mountain_n but_o among_o all_o no_o nation_n have_v purchase_v a_o great_a opinion_n and_o reputation_n than_o the_o helvetian_n live_v among_o the_o alps_n these_o man_n be_v original_o descend_v from_o the_o succian_n which_o for_o valour_n have_v â—o_o far_o approve_v themselves_o that_o they_o have_v not_o only_o keep_v themselves_o free_a from_o foreign_a jurisdiction_n but_o have_v often_o deliver_v their_o neighbour_a country_n from_o slavery_n and_o oppression_n against_o the_o house_n austria_n they_o have_v not_o once_o display_v their_o banner_n and_o triumph_v in_o their_o overthrow_n a_o great_a part_n of_o germany_n have_v smart_v under_o their_o valour_n and_o such_o a_o honourable_a opinion_n have_v they_o win_v that_o they_o be_v account_v as_o it_o be_v the_o censor_n and_o moderator_n to_o decide_v controversy_n in_o matter_n of_o state_n and_o kingdom_n cicero_n give_v grrat_a commendation_n of_o strength_n to_o the_o ligurgians_n inhabit_v the_o mountain_n it_o be_v well_o know_v how_o long_o and_o tedious_a war_n the_o mountain_n cilician_o and_o acrâ—cerauneans_n have_v with_o the_o turk_n how_o long_o with_o small_a damage_n they_o endure_v affront_v and_o drive_v they_o back_o here_o we_o may_v add_v the_o example_n of_o the_o biscanes_n and_o cantabrians_n in_o spain_n who_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o pelagius_n their_o king_n withstand_v the_o saracen_n and_o preserve_v both_o their_o language_n and_o religion_n the_o like_a aught_o to_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o welsh_a &_o cornish_a people_n among_o we_o as_o of_o the_o scottish_a highlander_n all_o which_o live_v in_o mountainous_a country_n have_v withstand_v the_o violence_n of_o foreigner_n and_o for_o many_o year_n preserve_v their_o own_o liberty_n and_o howsoever_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o place_n give_v they_o courage_n yet_o can_v we_o not_o deny_v their_o disposition_n due_a commendation_n have_v not_o only_o thus_o for_o a_o time_n protect_v their_o own_o right_n but_o make_v many_o hostile_a
time_n or_o incertainty_n of_o tradition_n neglect_v and_o obliterated_a they_o fall_v back_o into_o such_o way_n as_o their_o own_o deprave_a nature_n dictate_v or_o the_o devil_n malicious_o suggest_v 2_o by_o discipline_n nation_n become_v moâ—e_n wise_a and_o politic_a in_o the_o preseruation_n of_o state_n yet_o less_o stout_a and_o courageous_a as_o discipline_n have_v be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o the_o establishment_n of_o all_o state_n so_o have_v it_o on_o the_o other_o side_n be_v occasion_n to_o soften_v and_o weaken_v the_o courage_n of_o many_o nation_n for_o it_o have_v be_v many_o time_n see_v that_o such_o people_n who_o have_v be_v commend_v for_o wit_n have_v yield_v to_o such_o who_o be_v of_o a_o rude_a disposition_n as_o at_o this_o day_n the_o greek_n and_o macedon_n to_o the_o turk_n the_o ancient_a gaul_n to_o the_o french_a the_o egyptian_n to_o the_o persian_n the_o chaldean_n to_o the_o saracen_n hence_o some_o give_v a_o reason_n why_o the_o french_a do_v invade_v and_o run_v over_o italy_n without_o control_v under_o charles_n the_o 5_o because_o the_o italian_a prince_n at_o that_o time_n be_v give_v to_o study_v and_o learning_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o ancient_a courage_n of_o the_o turk_n be_v much_o abate_v since_o the_o time_n that_o they_o grow_v more_o civil_a and_o more_o strict_o embrace_a discipline_n and_o this_o some_o think_v to_o have_v give_v occasion_n to_o alexander_n the_o great_a to_o conquer_v the_o persian_a monarchy_n the_o persian_n have_v be_v before_o reduce_v to_o civility_n and_o lose_v their_o hardness_n and_o we_o daily_o see_v by_o experience_n that_o no_o man_n be_v more_o desperate_a and_o adventurous_a then_o those_o which_o be_v rude_a and_o barbarous_a want_v all_o good_a manner_n and_o education_n none_o more_o fearful_a and_o many_o time_n more_o cowardlike_a than_o such_o as_o be_v most_o wise_a and_o politic_a a_o example_n of_o the_o former_a we_o have_v in_o aiax_n of_o the_o other_o in_o ulysses_n whereupon_o the_o wise_a lâ—aders_n and_o commander_n have_v not_o be_v esteem_v the_o most_o valiant_a a_o certain_a english_a gentleman_n write_v military_a observation_n affirm_v the_o french_a nobility_n to_o be_v more_o valorous_a and_o courageous_a than_o the_o english_a because_o of_o the_o looseness_n of_o their_o discipline_n and_o the_o strictness_n of_o we_o but_o i_o will_v neither_o grant_v he_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o neither_o can_v i_o aver_v their_o courage_n to_o be_v great_a or_o our_o discipline_n strict_a if_o their_o valour_n be_v more_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v their_o wit_n be_v less_o out_o of_o this_o ground_n but_o how_o soever_o it_o be_v i_o be_o sure_a that_o caesar_n and_o tacitus_n give_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o great_a stature_n and_o courage_n of_o the_o german_n to_o be_v their_o looseness_n and_o liberty_n which_o howbeit_o it_o be_v not_o the_o sole_a cause_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o great_a help_n for_o we_o plain_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o those_o country_n which_o be_v most_o mountainous_a where_o be_v less_o discipline_n be_v find_v to_o produce_v man_n for_o the_o most_o part_n most_o warlike_a such_o as_o the_o suitzer_n in_o germany_n and_o biscaynâ—s_n and_o arragonian_n in_o spainâ—_n whence_o as_o some_o observe_v such_o country_n as_o be_v partly_o mountainous_a partly_o plain_o be_v seldom_o at_o quiet_a the_o one_o part_n willing_o submit_v themselves_o to_o government_n the_o other_o affect_v war_n and_o rebellion_n which_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o trouble_n of_o naples_n and_o in_o england_n before_o henry_n the_o eight_n time_n betwixt_o the_o welsh_a and_o english_a why_o discipline_n shall_v in_o this_o sort_n mollify_v and_o weaken_v the_o courage_n of_o man_n many_o cause_n may_v be_v give_v the_o first_o and_o great_a be_v religion_n than_o the_o which_o there_o be_v no_o great_a curb_n to_o the_o courage_n not_o mere_o of_o itself_o but_o by_o accident_n because_o death_n be_v the_o great_a hazard_n of_o a_o soldier_n religion_n give_v a_o more_o evident_a apprehension_n and_o sense_n of_o the_o immortality_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n and_o set_v before_o the_o eye_n of_o his_o understanding_n as_o it_o be_v the_o image_n of_o hell-paine_n and_o celestial_a joy_n weigh_v in_o a_o equal_a scale_n the_o danger_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o other_o whereas_o ignorant_a people_n want_v all_o sense_n of_o religion_n light_o esteem_v of_o either_o hold_v a_o temporal_a death_n the_o great_a danger_n whence_o grow_v the_o usual_a proverb_n among_o profane_a ruffian_n that_o conscience_n make_v coward_n but_o this_o as_o i_o say_v be_v mere_o accidental_a for_o as_o much_o as_o nothing_o spur_v on_o a_o true_a resolution_n more_o than_o a_o good_a conscience_n and_o a_o true_a touch_n of_o religion_n witness_v the_o holy_a martyr_n of_o the_o church_n of_o all_o age_n who_o valour_n and_o constancy_n have_v outgo_v all_o heathen_a precedent_n but_o because_o soldier_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v a_o most_o dissolute_a kind_n of_o people_n have_v either_o a_o false_a religion_n which_o can_v suggest_v no_o settle_a resolution_n or_o a_o ill_a conscience_n ground_v upon_o no_o assurance_n religion_n must_v needs_o beget_v in_o they_o a_o more_o fearful_a disposition_n another_o cause_n may_v be_v the_o severity_n of_o discipline_n which_o especial_o in_o the_o train_n up_o of_o youth_n be_v mix_v with_o a_o kind_n of_o slavery_n without_o which_o our_o young_a year_n be_v very_o untractable_a to_o taste_v the_o bitter_a root_n of_o knowledge_n this_o fear_n as_o it_o be_v stamp_v in_o our_o affection_n can_v but_o leave_v behind_o it_o a_o continual_a impression_n which_o can_v sudden_o be_v raze_v out_o such_o as_o we_o find_v in_o we_o of_o our_o master_n and_o teacher_n who_o friendship_n we_o rather_o embrace_v than_o familiarity_n a_o three_o reason_n why_o discipline_n will_v weaken_v and_o mollify_v a_o nation_n may_v be_v the_o delight_n which_o man_n reap_v in_o contemplative_a study_n and_o moral_a or_o politic_a duty_n whence_o follow_v a_o neglect_n of_o the_o other_o for_o people_n of_o knowledge_n must_v needs_o find_v a_o great_a felicity_n in_o gift_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o be_v usual_o second_v with_o a_o contempt_n of_o external_a and_o military_a affair_n the_o last_o cause_n may_v be_v the_o want_n of_o use_n and_o practice_v of_o military_a affair_n in_o most_o commonwealth_n for_o many_o state_n well_o establish_v continue_v a_o long_a time_n without_o war_n neither_o molest_v their_o neighbour_n nor_o dissent_v among_o themselves_o except_o very_o seldom_o and_o that_o by_o a_o small_a army_n without_o trouble_v the_o whole_a state_n whence_o the_o general_a practice_n be_v less_o know_v become_v more_o fearful_a notwithstanding_o all_o this_o it_o be_v brutish_a to_o imagine_v discipline_n any_o way_n unnecessary_a or_o hurtful_a either_o to_o a_o captain_n or_o statesman_n for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o more_o strengthen_v the_o wit_n than_o abate_v the_o courage_n of_o a_o nation_n neither_o be_v it_o proper_o say_v to_o break_v and_o weaken_v but_o rather_o to_o temper_v and_o regulate_v our_o spirit_n for_o it_o be_v not_o valour_n but_o rather_o rashness_n or_o fierceness_n which_o be_v not_o manage_v with_o policy_n and_o discretion_n and_o although_o it_o have_v sometime_o be_v attend_v with_o notable_a exploit_n as_o that_o of_o alexander_n the_o great_a of_o the_o goth_n the_o ancient_a gaul_n and_o many_o other_o yet_o shall_v we_o observe_v such_o conquest_n to_o be_v of_o small_a continuance_n for_o what_o they_o atcheive_v by_o strength_n they_o lose_v for_o want_v of_o policy_n so_o that_o it_o be_v well_o say_v by_o one_o that_o moderation_n be_v the_o mother_n of_o continuance_n to_o state_n and_o kingdom_n thus_o have_v we_o run_v over_o by_o god_n assistance_n the_o chief_a cause_n of_o diversity_n of_o disposition_n of_o nation_n wherein_o if_o any_o man_n will_v inform_v himself_o as_o he_o shall_v he_o must_v compare_v one_o circumstance_n with_o another_o and_o make_v his_o judgement_n not_o from_o a_o man_n but_o a_o nation_n and_o not_o censure_v any_o nation_n out_o of_o one_o observation_n for_o practice_v in_o art_n can_v always_o come_v home_o to_o speculation_n so_o experience_n in_o this_o kind_n will_v oftentimes_o cross_v the_o most_o general_a rule_n we_o can_v imagine_v it_o be_v enough_o to_o judge_v as_o we_o find_v and_o walk_v where_o the_o way_n be_v open_a if_o any_o man_n will_v desire_v more_o curiosity_n he_o may_v spend_v more_o labour_n to_o less_o purpose_n let_v every_o man_n by_o behold_v the_o national_a vice_n of_o other_o man_n praise_v almighty_a god_n for_o his_o own_o happiness_n and_o by_o see_v their_o virtue_n learn_v to_o correct_v his_o own_o vice_n so_o shall_v our_o travail_n in_o this_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v our_o direct_a way_n to_o heaven_n and_o that_o eternal_a guide_n shall_v conduct_v we_o which_o can_v never_o err_v to_o who_o be_v ascribe_v all_o glory_n praise_v and_o power_n for_o evermore_o deo_fw-la triuni_fw-la laus_fw-la in_o aeternum_fw-la finis_fw-la ptolom_n geogr_n l._n 1._o sec._n 1._o seneca_n in_o medeâ_fw-la act._n 2._o de_fw-fr gen_n &_o cor_fw-la 〈◊〉_d de_fw-fr caelum_fw-la cap._n 4._o l._n the_o sphaer_n lib._n 1_o geog_n cap._n 4._o lib._n 2._o c._n 72._o lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr mundi_fw-la fabr_fw-la part_n 3._o cap._n 2._o psal._n 104._o fundavit_fw-la terram_fw-la super_fw-la base_n svas_fw-la ne_fw-la dimoveatur_fw-la in_o saeculum_fw-la vers_fw-la 5._o ptol._n dict_z 1._o cap._n 5._o alph._n 6._o diff_n 6._o prop._n 11._o lib._n 1._o 1._o pag._n 149._o r._n ld._n d._n 1_o meteor_n lib._n 4._o sr_n walter_n raleigh_n
to_o wit_n that_o it_o may_v water_v aswell_o the_o metal_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o give_v moisture_n and_o nourishment_n to_o plant_n and_o live_a creature_n dwell_v thereon_o and_o this_o motion_n say_v he_o although_o it_o be_v against_o the_o particular_a nature_n of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o altogether_o violent_a because_o elementary_a body_n be_v bind_v by_o a_o certain_a law_n to_o obey_v and_o subject_v themselves_o to_o the_o heavenly_a so_o that_o motion_v impress_v by_o they_o be_v not_o enforce_v on_o they_o by_o violence_n for_o albeit_o in_o some_o sort_n it_o thwart_v the_o physical_a disposition_n yet_o have_v all_o creature_n a_o obâ—dientiall_a aptness_n as_o they_o term_v it_o to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o superior_a but_o this_o opinion_n of_o thomas_n aquinas_n in_o my_o conceit_n seem_v less_o sound_a than_o the_o former_a for_o first_o thomas_n have_v no_o need_n at_o all_o of_o these_o shift_n hold_v some_o of_o his_o other_o ground_n for_o in_o another_o place_n compare_v the_o height_n of_o the_o sâ—a_n and_o land_n one_o with_o the_o other_o he_o firm_o maintain_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v above_o the_o land_n and_o that_o it_o be_v bound_v and_o restrain_v from_o overflow_a the_o dry_a land_n by_o the_o immediate_a power_n of_o the_o creator_n if_o this_o be_v grant_v what_o need_v there_o any_o ascent_n or_o draw_v up_o of_o the_o water_n by_o any_o external_a power_n of_o the_o heavenly_a body_n since_o the_o remit_v of_o this_o restraint_n of_o waterâ—_n in_o some_o place_n be_v sufficient_a to_o cause_v such_o spring_n and_o river_n in_o the_o earth_n second_o his_o opinion_n can_v stand_v without_o manifest_a contradiction_n of_o himself_o for_o how_o can_v the_o water_n be_v of_o his_o own_o nature_n heavy_a be_v draw_v upward_o without_o violence_n and_o thwart_a of_o nature_n and_o whereas_o he_o allege_n for_o himself_o a_o obedientiall_a aptness_n in_o the_o elementary_a body_n to_o obey_v the_o superior_a he_o shall_v find_v very_o little_a help_n to_o maintain_v his_o part_n for_o this_o obedientiall_a inclination_n must_v be_v either_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o water_n or_o opposite_a unto_o it_o or_o at_o least_o the_o one_o must_v be_v sudordinate_a unto_o the_o other_o that_o it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o water_n he_o himself_o disclaim_v and_o experience_n refute_v because_o it_o natural_o descend_v not_o ascend_v if_o it_o be_v opposite_a as_o indeed_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v he_o contradict_v himself_o if_o the_o physical_a and_o obedientiall_a inclination_n be_v subordinate_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o i_o urge_v that_o subordinate_a cause_n can_v produce_v no_o other_o than_o subordinate_a effect_n for_o asmuch_o as_o the_o cause_n and_o the_o effect_n be_v measure_v and_o proportion_v the_o one_o by_o the_o other_o but_o we_o plain_o see_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o ascent_n or_o descent_n be_v diametral_o oppose_v and_o contrary_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o so_o that_o they_o can_v otherwise_o proceed_v then_o from_o opposite_a and_o contrary_a cause_n second_o this_o obedientiall_a aptness_n be_v common_o understand_v of_o a_o creature_n in_o respect_n of_o his_o creator_n in_o who_o hand_n it_o be_v as_o to_o create_v all_o thing_n of_o nothing_o so_o to_o reduce_v all_o thing_n again_o into_o nothing_o but_o this_o although_o it_o be_v above_o nature_n yet_o no_o way_n contradict_v nature_n and_o easy_o it_o be_v to_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o creator_n shall_v annihilate_v any_o creature_n then_o let_v it_o remain_v in_o his_o own_o nature_n give_v it_o a_o motion_n against_o nature_n moreover_o 〈◊〉_d we_o due_o consider_v nature_n in_o her_o course_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o low_a &_o elemental_a body_n only_o concur_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o of_o one_o another_o by_o follow_v their_o own_o private_a inclination_n for_o the_o whole_a be_v nothing_o else_o then_o a_o orderly_a consent_n and_o harmony_n of_o all_o the_o part_n from_o who_o mutual_a cooperation_n it_o receive_v his_o perfection_n so_o that_o where_o any_o part_n fail_v in_o his_o own_o office_n the_o whole_a must_v needs_o sustain_v damage_n three_o it_o will_v hardly_o be_v resolve_v by_o any_o of_o this_o opinion_n by_o what_o mean_n or_o instrument_n the_o heavenly_a or_o superior_a body_n can_v have_v such_o a_o operative_a power_n over_o the_o water_n as_o to_o lift_v it_o upward_o from_o his_o own_o centre_n for_o neither_o can_v this_o thing_n be_v perform_v by_o motion_n height_n or_o any_o influence_n which_o be_v the_o three_o mean_n of_o operation_n of_o celestial_a body_n on_o elementary_a i_o will_v not_o stand_v to_o prove_v every_o particular_a in_o this_o matter_n but_o only_o will_v have_v my_o adversary_n to_o answer_v and_o give_v a_o instance_n and_o speciality_n another_o opinion_n there_o be_v of_o aristotle_n follow_v by_o all_o peripatetic_n who_o in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o meteor_n and_o 13_o chapter_n go_v about_o to_o prove_v and_o maintain_v that_o all_o spring_n and_o well_n in_o the_o land_n be_v produce_v and_o generate_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o any_o vapour_n resolve_v into_o water_n which_o opinion_n he_o labour_v â—o_o strengthen_v in_o this_o manner_n it_o be_v certain_a say_v he_o that_o the_o earth_n have_v within_o it_o much_o air_n because_o nature_n will_v nowhere_o admit_v a_o vacuity_n but_o the_o earth_n have_v not_o only_o many_o open_a but_o a_o great_a many_o secret_a hole_n and_o concavity_n which_o can_v otherwise_o be_v fill_v then_o with_o air_n moreover_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o other_o vapour_n therein_o contain_v and_o stir_v up_o by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o star_n be_v convert_v into_o air_n and_o that_o aswell_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o vapour_n there_o also_o breed_v be_v perpetual_o convert_v into_o water_n this_o reason_n may_v seem_v to_o persuade_v because_o it_o follow_v of_o necessity_n that_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o earth_n expel_v their_o heat_n they_o shall_v harden_v &_o condensate_a &_o be_v dispose_v at_o last_o to_o the_o generation_n of_o water_n whence_o also_o the_o cause_n 〈◊〉_d give_v of_o the_o generation_n of_o water_n in_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n although_o it_o be_v not_o always_o thence_o breed_v aswell_o for_o other_o cause_n as_o for_o that_o the_o air_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v sometime_o too_o hot_a and_o the_o vapour_n be_v too_o much_o attenuate_v and_o ratify_v so_o that_o the_o matter_n of_o rain_n can_v be_v always_o supply_v this_o will_v aristotle_n have_v to_o be_v the_o original_n of_o all_o spring_n and_o fountain_n so_o that_o the_o water_n shall_v first_o distil_v as_o it_o be_v drop_n by_o drop_n out_o of_o this_o vapourous_a matter_n and_o this_o moist_a matter_n so_o collect_v and_o draw_v together_o shall_v afterwards_o break_v forth_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o so_o cause_v such_o fountain_n some_o reason_n be_v also_o produce_v to_o prove_v this_o assertion_n for_o say_v the_o author_n of_o this_o opinion_n if_o the_o spring_n and_o riverâ—_n shall_v proceed_v from_o any_o other_o cause_n than_o they_o shall_v take_v their_o beginning_n from_o rainwater_n which_o be_v before_o refute_v or_o from_o the_o sea_n by_o certain_a secret_a passage_n which_o opinion_n seem_v too_o weak_a to_o endure_v examination_n first_o this_o seem_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o sea-water_n be_v common_o salt_n but_o the_o water_n of_o spring_n and_o rivers_n be_v for_o the_o most_o sweet_a and_o fresh_a and_o therefore_o such_o spring_n be_v not_o derive_v from_o the_o sea_n second_o because_o we_o never_o find_v the_o sea_n to_o be_v empty_v which_o must_v needs_o be_v if_o it_o shall_v give_v beginning_n to_o all_o such_o current_n of_o water_n in_o the_o earth_n three_o we_o have_v already_o show_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v high_a than_o the_o water_n so_o that_o it_o can_v be_v conceive_v how_o river_n shall_v be_v derive_v from_o the_o sea_n to_o this_o opinion_n howsoever_o seem_v probable_a and_o support_v with_o the_o name_n and_o authority_n of_o so_o great_a a_o philosopher_n i_o dare_v not_o whole_o assent_v forasmuch_o as_o it_o thwart_v the_o testimony_n of_o holy_a scripture_n and_o can_v otherwise_o stand_v with_o reason_n because_o it_o can_v well_o be_v imagine_v how_o so_o many_o vapour_n and_o so_o continual_o shall_v be_v engender_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o nourish_v so_o many_o and_o so_o great_a current_n as_o we_o see_v spring_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n for_o a_o very_a great_a quantity_n or_o portion_n of_o aire_n be_v condensated_a and_o make_v water_n will_v become_v but_o as_o a_o little_a drop_n the_o air_n according_a
to_o aristotle_n ground_n be_v by_o a_o tenne-fold_n proportion_v thin_a than_o the_o water_n moreover_o the_o air_n in_o these_o place_n seat_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o high_a than_o other_o place_n and_o by_o consequent_a near_a the_o sun_n shall_v rather_o be_v rarify_v and_o thicken_v because_o heat_n be_v the_o great_a cause_n of_o rarefaction_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o for_o the_o reason_n allege_v for_o these_o opinion_n they_o be_v draw_v only_o from_o the_o weakness_n of_o their_o assertion_n which_o hold_v that_o fountain_n be_v derive_v either_o from_o rain_n water_n or_o from_o the_o sea_n both_o which_o we_o have_v examine_v brief_o and_o whereof_o we_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o the_o school_n of_o conimbra_n not_o utter_o reject_v all_o the_o former_a opinion_n have_v undertake_v to_o forgo_v a_o opinion_n as_o it_o be_v partake_v of_o all_o pretend_v to_o say_v something_o more_o when_o indeed_o they_o produce_v nothing_o beside_o the_o former_a their_o assertion_n they_o have_v set_v down_o in_o eight_o proposition_n which_o i_o will_v faithful_o set_v down_o and_o then_o censure_n the_o first_o be_v that_o in_o subterranean_a place_n under_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v hide_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n distinguish_v into_o river_n pond_n and_o lake_n this_o they_o prove_v from_o the_o daily_a experiment_n of_o such_o as_o dig_v diverse_a well_n and_o deppe_a trench_n in_o the_o earth_n who_o many_o time_n under_o the_o earth_n find_v not_o only_o many_o river_n and_o pond_n but_o many_o time_n happen_v upon_o so_o great_a abundance_n of_o water_n that_o they_o can_v neither_o find_v the_o bottom_n or_o bound_n thereof_o to_o this_o they_o add_v a_o experiment_n of_o philip_n and_o macedon_n record_v by_o asclepiadorâ—â—_n who_o cause_v many_o man_n expert_a in_o dig_v of_o metal_n to_o be_v let_v down_o into_o a_o old_a and_o forsake_a mine_n to_o search_v out_o the_o vein_n of_o metal_n to_o see_v whether_o the_o covetousness_n of_o antiquity_n have_v leave_v any_o thing_n to_o posterity_n these_o man_n use_v great_a light_n be_v say_v to_o have_v find_v nothing_o there_o but_o great_a and_o vast_a river_n and_o great_a receptacle_n of_o water_n this_o they_o also_o labour_v to_o confirm_v by_o many_o and_o sudden_a eruption_n and_o break_v out_o of_o water_n out_o of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v more_o hereafter_o this_o first_o position_n howsoever_o in_o itself_o true_a enough_o seem_v little_a to_o the_o purpose_n but_o we_o will_v proceed_v to_o the_o second_o which_o be_v this_o that_o when_o god_n in_o the_o three_o day_n of_o the_o creation_n separate_v the_o water_n into_o one_o place_n and_o hide_v it_o in_o the_o cavern_n and_o secret_a receptacle_n of_o the_o earth_n at_o the_o same_o time_n disperse_v into_o diverse_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n by_o diverse_a occult_a passage_n and_o channel_n whence_o come_v that_o great_a mass_n of_o water_n under_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v before_o mention_v this_o they_o seem_v to_o persuade_v by_o reason_n for_o say_v they_o as_o the_o wise_a architect_n of_o all_o for_o man_n sake_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o live_a creature_n for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n have_v discover_v the_o dry_a land_n by_o restrain_v all_o the_o water_n into_o one_o place_n so_o it_o be_v most_o necessary_a that_o he_o shall_v inward_o water_v the_o earth_n by_o which_o stone_n metal_n mineral_n &_o other_o such_o thing_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v in_o time_n grow_v and_o increase_v also_o that_o some_o water_n shall_v from_o hence_o break_v up_o out_o of_o the_o earth_n for_o diverse_a cause_n hereafter_o specify_v final_o as_o philo-iudaeus_a affirm_v for_o the_o continuation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o otherwise_o may_v by_o drought_n be_v separate_v and_o divide_v the_o three_o proposition_n ground_v on_o the_o two_o former_a be_v this_o that_o many_o river_n and_o fountain_n in_o diverse_a place_n by_o god_n decree_n arise_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n by_o quantity_n of_o water_n hide_v in_o the_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o they_o prove_v by_o reason_n draw_v from_o the_o utility_n of_o such_o fountain_n and_o river_n spring_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n four_o they_o defend_v that_o all_o fountain_n and_o current_n be_v not_o so_o make_v and_o appoint_v in_o the_o first_o creation_n because_o history_n &_o experience_n teach_v we_o that_o many_o have_v break_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n afterward_o whereof_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v hereafter_o fiâ—tly_o they_o affirm_v that_o if_o the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n be_v understand_v of_o all_o fountain_n and_o flood_n it_o can_v be_v approve_v for_o asmuch_o as_o it_o seem_v sufficient_o declare_v in_o the_o three_o opinion_n how_o such_o river_n may_v be_v generate_v without_o such_o vapour_n as_o also_o because_o many_o argument_n and_o place_n of_o holy_a scripture_n seem_v to_o prove_v the_o contrary_n as_o also_o the_o four_o river_n of_o paradise_n create_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n can_v be_v guess_v to_o draw_v their_o original_n from_o such_o vapour_n as_o aristotle_n imagine_v to_o which_o accord_n many_o ancient_a father_n upon_o these_o place_n recite_v in_o that_o opinion_n whereas_o all_o river_n be_v think_v to_o fetch_v their_o original_n from_o the_o sea_n six_o for_o the_o credit_n of_o their_o master_n aristotle_n they_o be_v constrain_v to_o aver_v that_o although_o his_o opinion_n can_v be_v verify_v of_o all_o river_n and_o fountain_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v restrain_v to_o some_o such_o perpetual_a current_n it_o may_v have_v probability_n for_o asmuch_o aswe_n be_v to_o believe_v that_o many_o such_o large_a cavern_n and_o hole_n be_v hide_v under_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o no_o small_a quantity_n of_o vapour_n may_v be_v engender_v this_o probability_n be_v great_a in_o those_o river_n which_o be_v lesser_a in_o quantity_n then_o the_o great_a for_o the_o reason_n before_o show_v seven_o they_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v absolute_o to_o be_v believe_v that_o not_o only_o great_a river_n and_o current_n be_v derive_v from_o subterranean_a water_n which_o have_v original_a from_o the_o sea_n but_o also_o less_o fountain_n and_o spring_n for_o the_o most_o part_n challenge_v the_o same_o beginning_n whence_o they_o labour_v to_o prove_v by_o this_o reason_n that_o in_o very_a few_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v find_v so_o perpetual_a and_o apt_a disposition_n of_o vapour_n under_o the_o ground_n as_o to_o nourish_v so_o many_o and_o so_o great_a current_n of_o water_n eight_o say_v they_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o water_n aswell_o proceed_v from_o rain_n as_o that_o which_o be_v generate_v of_o vapour_n in_o the_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n sometime_o may_v flow_v into_o fountain_n and_o river_n what_o concern_v torrent_n breed_v of_o rain_n they_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o first_o opinion_n for_o other_o they_o make_v it_o also_o probable_a because_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n that_o vapour_n and_o air_n compass_v about_o with_o earth_n be_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o cold_a environ_v it_o turn_v into_o water_n this_o be_v indeed_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o subtle_a jesuit_n of_o conimbra_n wherein_o although_o they_o give_v a_o flourish_n as_o if_o they_o will_v defend_v their_o master_n aristotle_n on_o who_o they_o comment_v yet_o mean_v they_o nothing_o less_o but_o indeed_o wary_o stick_v to_o the_o other_o of_o the_o divine_n and_o ancient_a father_n of_o the_o church_n touch_v the_o derivation_n of_o all_o 〈◊〉_d from_o the_o sea_n which_o opinion_n howsoever_o in_o itself_o most_o probable_a they_o know_v not_o how_o to_o manage_v and_o defend_v against_o opposition_n for_o whereas_o they_o suppose_v that_o in_o the_o first_o sepâ—â—tion_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o dry-land_n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n be_v disperse_v into_o diverse_a hollow_a place_n &_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o whence_o river_n be_v derive_v and_o make_v they_o have_v not_o in_o any_o probable_a manner_n express_v how_o this_o water_n shall_v perpetual_o flow_v and_o feed_v so_o many_o &_o great_a current_n for_o first_o i_o will_v ask_v of_o these_o learned_a father_n whether_o the_o water_n enclose_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n whence_o these_o spring_n be_v feed_v be_v high_o or_o low_a than_o the_o fountain_n arise_v out_o of_o they_o if_o it_o be_v high_a whether_o the_o river_n be_v continual_o nourish_v on_o the_o old_a store_n or_o a_o new_a supply_n be_v daily_o make_v that_o so_o great_a river_n shall_v be_v maintain_v so_o many_o thousand_o year_n out_o of_o the_o old_a provision_n be_v most_o improbable_a because_o the_o