it_o in_o charge_n especial_o at_o the_o last_o parliament_n that_o some_o course_n may_v be_v take_v for_o the_o plant_n and_o preserve_v of_o wood_n which_o assure_o as_o i_o have_v hear_v be_v intend_v at_o the_o last_o sit_v in_o parliament_n the_o which_o can_v be_v unknown_a to_o such_o as_o daily_a stock_n and_o stubbe_n up_o wood_n neither_o respect_v the_o displeasure_n of_o his_o majesty_n nor_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o law_n in_o that_o case_n provide_v in_o every_o country_n wood_n be_v daily_o stub_a up_o especial_o within_o twenty_o mile_n of_o london_n where_o wood_n be_v precious_a and_o too_o dear_a for_o the_o poor_a sort_n by_o mean_n thereof_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o break_v hedge_n to_o the_o great_a decay_a of_o wood_n and_o to_o the_o grievance_n of_o every_o man_n that_o have_v wood_n &_o hedge_n and_o to_o their_o great_a charge_n which_o i_o find_v general_o complain_v of_o and_o daily_o more_o and_o more_o will_v be_v complain_v of_o for_o say_v the_o poor_a though_o they_o want_v victual_n that_o be_v too_o dear_a for_o they_o to_o get_v by_o their_o honest_a labour_n yet_o will_v they_o not_o perish_v for_o want_v of_o fire_n so_o long_o as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v get_v the_o best_a remedy_n for_o the_o same_o be_v a_o general_a plantation_n whereby_o no_o one_o man_n may_v feel_v the_o loss_n that_o some_o few_o do_v that_o plant_n for_o as_o they_o plant_v the_o one_o day_n the_o poor_a pluck_v or_o cut_v they_o up_o the_o next_o day_n if_o not_o the_o same_o night_n which_o if_o all_o man_n shall_v be_v constrain_v to_o plant_v it_o will_v be_v as_o it_o be_v in_o worcester_n shire_n with_o fruit_n where_o the_o plenty_n be_v so_o great_a as_o the_o steal_n of_o some_o few_o be_v never_o miss_v even_o so_o will_v it_o be_v by_o the_o general_a plant_n of_o wood_n and_o in_o time_n be_v grow_v so_o cheap_a as_o the_o poor_a will_v rather_o choose_v to_o buy_v then_o steal_v it_o also_o the_o make_n of_o iron_n and_o glass_n have_v be_v and_o be_v the_o great_a decay_n of_o wood_n notwithstanding_o iron_n be_v never_o so_o ill_a nor_o never_o so_o dear_a as_o it_o be_v at_o this_o instant_n by_o the_o half_a before_o so_o great_a store_n be_v make_v in_o this_o kingdom_n &_o by_o all_o likelihood_n be_v likely_a to_o grow_v dear_a the_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v so_o dear_a be_v especial_o two_o the_o one_o in_o respect_n that_o wood_n be_v so_o wear_v out_o as_o many_o be_v constrain_v to_o give_v over_o the_o make_n thereof_o which_o want_n may_v be_v supply_v by_o the_o mean_n follow_v namely_o out_o of_o hedge_n by_o lop-wood_n which_o will_v approve_o make_v as_o good_a charcoal_n for_o all_o use_n as_o any_o other_o wood_n which_o may_v be_v continue_v so_o long_o as_o it_o shall_v please_v god_n the_o kingdom_n shall_v endure_v the_o other_o be_v in_o respect_n that_o before_o so_o great_a store_n of_o iron_n be_v make_v in_o this_o kingdom_n the_o merchant_n buy_v cloth_n of_o the_o clothier_n which_o beyond_o the_o sea_n they_o exchange_v for_o iron_n which_o be_v better_a iron_n and_o better_a cheap_a than_o the_o english_a iron_n the_o want_n of_o which_o exchange_n together_o with_o the_o transport_v of_o wool_n beyond_o the_o sea_n the_o worthy_a trade_n of_o clothing_n be_v so_o decay_a as_o many_o poor_a people_n that_o be_v set_v on_o work_n by_o the_o able_a sort_n of_o clothier_n be_v constrain_v to_o beg_v that_o before_o live_v well_o by_o their_o labour_n also_o there_o be_v million_o of_o people_n that_o live_v in_o great_a fear_n that_o they_o in_o a_o short_a time_n may_v fall_v into_o the_o like_a necessity_n which_o be_v the_o carpenter_n the_o shippe-wrights_a the_o plough_n and_o cart-maker_n the_o joiner_n the_o cowper_n and_o the_o coach-maker_n whereupon_o it_o be_v general_o conceive_v by_o all_o man_n of_o judgement_n that_o enter_v into_o consideration_n of_o the_o premise_n that_o without_o a_o speedy_a general_n plant_v and_o preserve_v both_o of_o timber_n and_o firewood_n be_v the_o kingdom_n by_o no_o mean_n can_v be_v maintain_v another_o age_n which_o with_o small_a cost_n and_o labour_n to_o willing_a mind_n in_o good_a time_n may_v be_v preserve_v and_o maintain_v as_o plentiful_o as_o ever_o heretofore_o as_o shall_v be_v prove_v to_o the_o glory_n of_o god_n content_a of_o his_o majesty_n their_o own_o self_n posterity_n and_o commonwealth_n concern_v the_o plant_v and_o preserve_v of_o timber_n all_o man_n with_o who_o i_o have_v converse_v be_v of_o one_o mind_n that_o a_o better_a direction_n than_o herein_o be_v set_v down_o can_v be_v devise_v which_o be_v by_o plant_v grove_n of_o a_o rood_n or_o half_o a_o rood_n of_o ground_n in_o a_o grove_n in_o pasture_n ground_n or_o as_o follow_v especial_o in_o row_v whereby_o much_o more_o timber_n may_v be_v raise_v in_o less_o ground_n as_o shall_v appear_v which_o be_v perform_v there_o will_v be_v timber_n enough_o for_o all_o purpose_n with_o the_o surpluss_n of_o timber_n that_o may_v be_v plant_v and_o preserve_v in_o forest_n chase_n park_n commons_o or_o common_a pasture_n and_o much_o the_o better_a it_o will_v continue_v if_o it_o be_v so_o provide_v that_o none_o shall_v fell_v or_o otherway_n make_v away_o any_o tree_n or_o tree_n but_o to_o be_v enjoin_v to_o plant_v and_o preserve_v so_o many_o as_o shall_v be_v fell_v or_o otherways_o make_v away_o thus_o may_v timber_n be_v raise_v two_o several_a way_n the_o one_o in_o grove_n the_o other_o in_o row_v for_o grove_n such_o as_o have_v but_o one_o hundred_o acre_n and_o so_o for_o such_o as_o have_v more_o to_o enclose_v for_o every_o hundred_o acre_n one_o several_a rood_n in_o some_o corner_n of_o a_o close_a which_o be_v already_o enclose_v for_o the_o ing_z of_o chrsavages_n where_o half_a of_o the_o fence_n be_v already_o make_v and_o be_v to_o be_v maintain_v notwithstanding_o this_o device_n or_o rather_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o close_a although_o the_o charge_n be_v something_o the_o more_o where_o the_o cattle_n may_v not_o only_o have_v shadow_n in_o summer_n but_o also_o shelter_v in_o winter_n every_o way_n the_o better_a to_o improve_v the_o close_a and_o cattle_n the_o plot_n of_o ground_n for_o this_o purpose_n of_o one_o rood_n will_v be_v in_o length_n ten_o pole_n in_o breadth_n four_o in_o which_o length_n there_o be_v contain_v fifty_o five_o yard_n and_o in_o breadth_n twenty_o two_o yard_n in_o which_o plot_n of_o ground_n there_o may_v be_v plant_v five_o row_n of_o tree_n for_o timber_n and_o in_o every_o row_n there_o must_v be_v dig_v uppe_o fourteen_o plot_n of_o a_o yard_n square_a which_o shall_v be_v dig_v up_o two_o several_a time_n between_o midsummer_n and_o michaelmas_n and_o again_o when_o the_o mean_n follow_v be_v to_o be_v set_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o the_o direction_n follow_v every_o plot_n to_o be_v four_o yard_n distant_a every_o way_n one_o from_o a_o other_o so_o there_o may_v be_v contain_v in_o a_o rood_n of_o ground_n threescore_o and_o ten_o tree_n and_o in_o every_o of_o these_o plot_n so_o dig_v there_o may_v be_v set_v nine_o a_o foot_n one_o from_o another_o either_o acorn_n chessenut_n beech-maste_n key_n of_o ash_n rootes_n or_o chip_n of_o elm_n be_v so_o set_v &_o come_v up_o the_o ground_n will_v be_v weed_v twice_o or_o thrice_o the_o first_o and_o second_o year_n if_o occasion_n serve_v and_o after_o four_o or_o five_o year_n when_o it_o may_v be_v discern_v which_o of_o they_o be_v like_a to_o be_v the_o best_a tree_n there_o will_v be_v but_o four_o leave_v the_o other_o will_v be_v draw_v up_o and_o plant_v elsewhere_o at_o the_o owner_n pleasure_n and_o after_o sixteen_o or_o twenty_o year_n three_o of_o the_o other_o may_v be_v fell_v and_o make_v away_o for_o some_o use_n and_o only_o one_o be_v the_o very_o best_a to_o remain_v from_o which_o all_o the_o leaf_n will_v be_v pluck_v off_o by_o hand_n within_o a_o foot_n of_o the_o top_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o june_n so_o long_o as_o a_o man_n can_v reach_v they_o and_o afterward_o cut_v off_o with_o a_o knife_n or_o light_a forest_n bill_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n the_o reason_n why_o i_o wish_v the_o plant_n of_o grove_n to_o be_v in_o so_o many_o severall_n be_v that_o when_o a_o grove_n be_v fell_v it_o shall_v be_v all_o fell_v for_o the_o fell_n of_o tree_n in_o wood_n at_o several_a time_n have_v be_v a_o great_a decay_n to_o wood_n and_o further_o by_o experience_n it_o may_v be_v prove_v that_o seldom_o good_a timber_n grow_v of_o old_a stock_n by_o reason_n whereof_o i_o can_v wish_v that_o tree_n shall_v rather_o be_v stock_v up_o then_o fell_v
that_o the_o ground_n may_v be_v plant_v again_o the_o second_o way_n for_o plant_v in_o row_n be_v as_o hereafter_o follow_v for_o the_o plant_n in_o barren_a champain_n or_o gorssie_a ground_n either_o for_o timber_n or_o firewood_n if_o in_o all_o champain_n country_n where_o land_n be_v barren_a and_o fuel_n so_o scant_o that_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o burn_v the_o straw_n and_o manure_v which_o shall_v be_v employ_v to_o the_o manure_n of_o land_n the_o want_n thereof_o be_v the_o utter_a undo_n of_o many_o a_o husbandman_n who_o till_v much_o land_n sow_v much_o seed_n and_o reap_v much_o loss_n for_o want_v of_o manure_n if_o therefore_o i_o say_v not_o only_o of_o myself_o but_o also_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o many_o understand_a man_n inhabit_v in_o such_o country_n that_o if_o some_o part_n of_o their_o bare_a ground_n that_o lie_v so_o far_o from_o the_o town_n whereunto_o it_o do_v belong_v that_o seldom_o or_o never_o it_o be_v manure_v by_o reason_n whereof_o it_o oft_o lie_v ley_fw-fr and_o yield_v no_o profit_n if_o for_o this_o purpose_n there_o be_v eleven_o acre_n of_o that_o land_n as_o it_o lie_v together_o and_o that_o one_o acre_n of_o the_o eleven_o be_v plant_v with_o wood_n in_o row_n and_o after_o that_o rate_n for_o more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o acre_n that_o be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o land_n and_o their_o tenant_n in_o every_o town_n which_o acre_n may_v thus_o be_v plant_v first_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o a_o statute_n acre_n do_v contain_v in_o length_n 220._o yard_n and_o in_o breadth_n two_o and_o twenty_o first_o make_v a_o good_a fence_n according_a to_o the_o direction_n follow_v and_o then_o begin_v at_o a_o side_n of_o the_o eleven_o acre_n and_o measure_v ten_o yard_n in_o breadth_n and_o in_o every_o eleven_o yard_n dig_v up_o five_o and_o fifty_o plot_n of_o ground_n of_o a_o yard_n square_a and_o so_o in_o every_o eleven_o yard_n from_o side_n to_o side_n every_o plot_n to_o be_v three_o yard_n between_o one_o a_o other_o in_o the_o row_n over_o and_o above_o the_o square_a yard_n for_o firewood_n for_o timber_n but_o two_o yard_n between_o the_o square_a yard_n so_o as_o there_o may_v be_v three_o score_n and_o fourteen_o plot_n in_o every_o row_n and_o so_o plant_v and_o observe_v as_o before_o be_v declare_v whereby_o there_o may_v be_v contain_v in_o one_o acre_n one_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o and_o odd_a tree_n for_o timber_n in_o four_o acre_n of_o the_o thousand_o six_o thousand_o and_o four_o score_n every_o tree_n to_o grow_v one_o from_o another_o ten_o yard_n one_o way_n and_o three_o the_o other_o and_o for_o firewood_n one_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o and_o ten_o there_o may_v be_v also_o contain_v in_o one_o entire_a acre_n one_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o and_o ten_o tree_n for_o timber_n every_o one_o to_o have_v four_o yard_n of_o ground_n to_o thrive_v on_o these_o direction_n may_v be_v observe_v by_o such_o as_o be_v desirous_a to_o plant_v spacious_a ground_n so_o far_o from_o the_o loss_n of_o ground_n as_o the_o ground_n thereby_o may_v be_v much_o improove_v especial_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v barren_a by_o let_v it_o lie_v ley_fw-fr four_o or_o five_o year_n after_o it_o be_v plant_v which_o lie_v will_v better_v the_o ground_n so_o as_o it_o may_v be_v plough_v between_o the_o row_n and_o sow_v with_o corn_n and_o for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n have_v good_a crop_n in_o which_o time_n the_o plant_n will_v be_v so_o grow_v up_o as_o it_o may_v be_v a_o sheepe-pasture_n till_o the_o wood_n be_v past_o take_v hurt_v by_o cattle_n in_o which_o time_n the_o shadow_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o the_o rot_v of_o leaf_n and_o the_o manure_n of_o the_o sheep_n will_v better_v the_o ground_n so_o as_o it_o will_v be_v good_a meadow_n pasture_n or_o corn_n ground_n at_o the_o owner_n pleasure_n for_o his_o best_a profit_n this_o be_v a_o very_a profitable_a course_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o sheep-walks_a on_o down_n where_o hedgewood_n be_v scant_o as_o common_o it_o be_v in_o such_o barren_a ground_n the_o best_a way_n to_o enclose_v be_v if_o it_o be_v in_o swart_a ground_n to_o set_v the_o aforesaid_a mean_n as_o a_o foote-set_a of_o thorn_n without_o any_o ditch_n and_o to_o raise_v the_o fence_n of_o either_o side_n by_o wall_n of_o sod_n as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v between_o lincoln_n and_o the_o horse-race_n or_o as_o common_o sheep_n pen_n be_v make_v in_o down_n and_o heath_n if_o no_o swarth_a by_o a_o double_a ditch_n and_o set_v the_o mean_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o bank_n be_v make_v a_o yard_n broad_a on_o the_o top_n so_o as_o a_o hedge_n of_o a_o foot_n high_a of_o either_o side_n will_v serve_v to_o defend_v it_o and_o by_o a_o like_a plant_n in_o all_o gorssie_a ground_n where_o gorsse_n grow_v so_o natural_o that_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o ground_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n destroy_v it_o great_a store_n of_o timber_n or_o firewood_n may_v be_v raise_v with_o the_o other_o profit_n and_o the_o soil_n much_o improve_v for_o after_o the_o tree_n be_v past_o take_v hurt_v by_o cattle_n the_o gorsse_n between_o the_o row_n may_v be_v stock_v up_o so_o as_o the_o ten_o yard_n of_o ground_n between_o the_o row_n may_v be_v sow_v with_o corn_n and_o be_v lime_v when_o it_o be_v till_v the_o lime_n together_o with_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o tree_n will_v approve_o so_o destroy_v the_o gorsse_n as_o the_o ground_n will_v be_v recover_v to_o be_v corn_n meadow_n or_o pasture_n in_o like_a sort_n all_o broomy_a ground_n may_v be_v improve_v some_o that_o have_v gorssie_a ground_n have_v object_v that_o if_o their_o gorsse_n shall_v be_v destroy_v they_o shall_v be_v damnify_v thereby_o in_o regard_n they_o have_v no_o better_a fuel_n to_o such_o i_o have_v give_v good_a satisfaction_n that_o it_o be_v not_o intend_v that_o the_o gorsse_n shall_v be_v destroy_v before_o the_o will_v be_v pass_v take_v hurt_v by_o cattle_n when_o the_o wood_n will_v yield_v better_a fuel_n and_o better_a store_n how_o to_o improve_v barren_a ground_n the_o best_a remedy_n for_o barren_a ground_n either_o for_o sandy_a or_o clay_n for_o fruit-tree_n or_o any_o kind_n of_o wood_n to_o make_v they_o grow_v speedy_o &_o without_o moss_n be_v for_o sandy_a land_n to_o make_v a_o hole_n so_o big_a as_o it_o will_v hold_v the_o quantity_n of_o three_o bushel_n of_o good_a earth_n and_o a_o bushel_n of_o unslecked_a lime_n then_o put_v into_o the_o hole_n a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o lime_n and_o upon_o that_o lime_n lay_v a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o upon_o that_o earth_n another_o part_n of_o the_o lime_n and_o upon_o that_o lime_n a_o three_o part_n of_o earth_n and_o so_o the_o rest_n and_o in_o like_a sort_n sand_n and_o lime_n for_o clay_n land_n and_o so_o lie_v more_o or_o less_o as_o occasion_n serve_v thus_o mingle_v they_o together_o and_o let_v it_o lie_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o year_n before_o it_o be_v to_o be_v use_v and_o when_o you_o remove_v a_o young_a tree_n or_o set_v a_o stock_n to_o graft_v on_o lay_v under_o and_o about_o the_o root_n a_o bushel_n of_o the_o lime_n and_o earth_n well_o mingle_v together_o and_o pour_v thereon_o a_o pail_n full_a of_o water_n which_o water_n will_v wash_v the_o earth_n close_o to_o every_o root_n and_o to_o any_o kind_n of_o peach_n or_o plumbstone_n half_a a_o peck_n and_o for_o chessenut_n acorn_n or_o any_o other_o kind_n of_o seed_n of_o wood_n use_v this_o mingle_a earth_n in_o discretion_n and_o approove_o thus_o be_v use_v they_o will_v grow_v more_o in_o one_o year_n then_o in_o any_o other_o ground_n in_o two_o though_o the_o soil_n be_v good_a and_o it_o be_v a_o special_a good_a manure_v for_o corn_n the_o nature_n of_o lime_n be_v to_o make_v clay-land_n light_a and_o sand-land_n stiff_a as_o partly_o may_v appear_v in_o building_n that_o lime_n and_o sand_n do_v make_v mortar_n when_o it_o be_v dry_a as_o hard_o as_o stone_n for_o the_o plant_n of_o timber-tree_n or_o firewood_n in_o forest_n chase_n park_n commons_o and_o common_a pasture_n experience_n have_v and_o may_v teach_v all_o man_n to_o know_v for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v see_v with_o the_o eye_n of_o all_o man_n that_o in_o all_o age_n bush_n have_v be_v be_v and_o will_v be_v if_o they_o be_v preserve_v in_o all_o ground_n the_o mother_n and_o nurse_n of_o tree_n so_o that_o all_o man_n may_v take_v notice_n thereby_o that_o by_o the_o dig_v up_o of_o a_o hole_n a_o foot_n square_a and_o three_o or_o four_o finger_n deep_a in_o the_o midst_n of_o any_o tuft_n of_o bush_n gorsse_n fur_n
a_o hair_n but_o rather_o cut_v part_n of_o the_o wood_n then_o leave_v any_o of_o the_o bark_n this_o be_v do_v present_o get_v good_a clay_n and_o let_v one_o work_v it_o to_o the_o breadth_n and_o thickness_n of_o a_o tile_n and_o so_o long_o or_o long_o as_o it_o may_v well_o lap_n about_o the_o bough_n so_o pare_v then_o lay_v thereon_o some_o fat_a earth_n two_o or_o three_o finger_n thick_a and_o lay_v the_o same_o clay_n and_o earth_n upon_o the_o bark_n of_o the_o bough_n next_o to_o the_o plot_n so_o pare_v and_o with_o moss_n and_o band_n bind_v these_o same_o on_o like_v unto_o a_o graft_n and_o so_o let_v it_o rest_v and_o about_o alhollontide_n then_o make_v hole_n in_o the_o ground_n where_o you_o will_v have_v they_o to_o grow_v and_o present_o see_v off_o with_o a_o handsaw_n the_o bough_n so_o clay_v between_o the_o clay_n and_o the_o plot_n so_o pare_v and_o so_o do_v it_o as_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o shake_v off_o carry_v they_o and_o set_v they_o half_o a_o yard_n deep_a fill_v up_o the_o hole_n with_o lime_a earth_n half_o a_o yard_n broad_a about_o the_o plant_n and_o tread_v it_o well_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v barren_a make_v the_o hole_n so_o much_o the_o wide_a and_o fill_v they_o be_v so_o set_v stake_v they_o and_o bind_v they_o as_o other_o set_v and_o assure_o they_o will_v grow_v and_o prosper_v better_o than_o other_o set_v or_o transplant_v tree_n if_o they_o be_v set_v between_o tree_n lop_v the_o old_a tree_n before_o you_o set_v they_o that_o they_o be_v not_o overtopped_n nor_o drop_v by_o they_o these_o be_v either_o elm_n willow_n or_o sallow_a as_o for_o other_o wood_n i_o have_v see_v no_o experience_n but_o of_o some_o bough_n of_o apple_n and_o peartree_n which_o be_v thus_o use_v have_v bear_v fruit_n the_o same_o year_n they_o be_v set_v i_o can_v find_v no_o reason_n to_o the_o contrary_a but_o that_o other_o wood_n may_v grow_v and_o prosper_v as_o well_o as_o these_o this_o be_v the_o most_o speedy_a way_n to_o beget_v wood_n all_o these_o direction_n be_v observe_v there_o may_v be_v in_o good_a time_n more_o timber_n firewood_n corn_n and_o cattle_n contain_v in_o this_o kingdom_n then_o have_v be_v at_o any_o time_n these_o threescore_o year_n and_o yet_o no_o wood_n at_o all_o so_o that_o the_o soil_n of_o all_o wood_n in_o time_n may_v be_v convert_v to_o tillage_n meadow_n or_o pasture_n to_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o king_n majesty_n all_o posterity_n and_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o kingdom_n thereby_o may_v be_v the_o better_o defend_v from_o foreign_a enemy_n by_o the_o navigation_n the_o bank_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o ebb_v and_o flow_v river_n defend_v stay_v maintain_v all_o which_o can_v be_v maintain_v but_o by_o wood_n without_o which_o defence_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v in_o danger_n to_o be_v overflowen_a and_o ruinate_a some_o proof_n thereof_o be_v to_o be_v see_v this_o year_n one_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o and_o thirteen_o near_o blackewall_n where_o be_v a_o breach_n that_o have_v and_o will_v cost_v two_o thousand_o pound_n to_o recover_v it_o and_o this_o winter_n to_o the_o utter_a undo_n of_o many_o a_o able_a man_n in_o many_o place_n of_o this_o kingdom_n the_o charge_n of_o stay_n and_o bank_n in_o many_o ebb_a and_o flow_v river_n be_v chargeable_a to_o many_o especial_o in_o the_o river_n of_o owe_v where_o the_o maintain_n of_o stay_n and_o bank_n co_v the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n at_o the_o least_o a_o hundred_o mark_n a_o year_n and_o be_v very_o chargeable_a to_o sir_n thomas_n mettam_n and_o all_o that_o have_v ground_n there_o that_o be_v charge_v thereby_o according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o their_o ground_n the_o decay_n of_o these_o bank_n may_v in_o one_o tide_n drown_v much_o land_n and_o many_o town_n which_o the_o observe_n of_o these_o direction_n &_o some_o other_o follow_v will_v prevent_v the_o wood_n that_o may_v be_v raise_v about_o park_n and_o the_o hedge_n within_o this_o kingdom_n will_v raise_v many_o profit_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n as_o the_o make_n of_o iron_n and_o all_o other_o kind_n of_o metal_n which_o the_o kingdom_n afford_v together_o with_o the_o burn_a of_o lime_n for_o the_o manure_n of_o land_n and_o building_n and_o burn_v of_o brick_n and_o tile_n for_o building_n with_o many_o other_o profit_n to_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o increase_n of_o wood_n in_o the_o spring_n of_o wood_n whereas_o in_o spring_n i_o find_v many_o waste_n place_v grow_v over_o with_o grass_n by_o reason_n whereof_o man_n covet_v to_o put_v in_o calf_n and_o horse_n which_o be_v great_a spoil_n to_o wood_n the_o only_a way_n to_o furnish_v such_o place_n especial_o in_o barren_a ground_n which_o may_v best_o be_v spare_v for_o wood_n until_o such_o time_n that_o the_o other_o wood_n be_v grow_v up_o be_v either_o when_o the_o spring_n be_v five_o or_o six_o year_n grow_v or_o when_o it_o be_v fell_v to_o dig_v up_o certain_a square_a yard_n according_a to_o the_o spaciousness_n of_o the_o ground_n three_o yard_n between_o every_o plot_n and_o therein_o to_o set_v or_o lay_v in_o trench_n the_o aforesaid_a mean_n as_o be_v before_o set_v down_o and_o when_o they_o be_v grow_v up_o five_o or_o six_o year_n to_o plash_n they_o close_o by_o the_o ground_n and_o lay_v they_o in_o trench_n every_o way_n from_o the_o root_n three_o finger_n deep_a and_o to_o cover_v they_o with_o earth_n and_o so_o of_o all_o other_o wood_n that_o grow_v of_o old_a root_n so_o as_o there_o may_v not_o be_v a_o waste_n place_n nor_o any_o thorn_n leave_v to_o grow_v but_o prove_v wood_n as_o for_o other_o ground_n that_o be_v worth_a twenty_o shilling_n a_o acre_n yearly_a which_o be_v too_o good_a for_o wood_n to_o grow_v on_o but_o that_o the_o decay_n of_o wood_n be_v too_o great_a i_o can_v wish_v that_o it_o be_v stock_v into_o row_n either_o for_o timber_n or_o to_o top_n and_o lop_v it_o for_o firewood_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v require_v by_o the_o law_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o tree_n preserve_v for_o timber_n which_o be_v by_o few_o man_n perform_v the_o reason_n be_v that_o the_o drop_n and_o shadow_n of_o they_o will_v destroy_v the_o under-wood_n which_o be_v most_o true_a my_o advice_n be_v that_o rather_o the_o number_n of_o timber-tree_n may_v be_v preserve_v in_o some_o corner_n of_o the_o spring_n where_o they_o may_v be_v preserve_v from_o many_o danger_n which_o they_o be_v subject_a to_o as_o they_o be_v leave_v in_o the_o spring_n concern_v the_o plant_n of_o wood_n in_o hedge_n already_o make_v with_o thorn_n some_o do_v object_n that_o the_o plant_n of_o wood_n in_o they_o will_v so_o destroy_v the_o thorn_n by_o the_o drop_n and_o overshadow_v of_o they_o as_o there_o will_v be_v no_o good_a fence_n keep_v to_o such_o i_o answer_v that_o if_o they_o will_v the_o next_o year_n after_o that_o they_o cause_v a_o hedge_n to_o be_v plash_v &_o the_o ditch_n thereunto_o belong_v scour_v and_o some_o small_a quantity_n of_o the_o earth_n cast_v up_o to_o the_o root_n of_o the_o hedge_n for_o too_o much_o earth_n so_o cast_v to_o the_o root_n of_o the_o hedge_n decay_v the_o hedge_n and_o that_o they_o will_v set_v in_o the_o same_o earth_n such_o mean_n as_o be_v before_o set_v down_o and_o so_o use_v they_o they_o may_v at_o any_o time_n after_o twenty_o year_n have_v both_o good_a store_n of_o wood_n and_o thorn_n and_o also_o have_v a_o strong_a fence_n than_o any_o thorn_n can_v make_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o set_n and_o get_v of_o the_o mean_n in_o common_a reason_n can_v no_o way_n cost_v two_o shilling_n a_o furlong_n for_o two_o man_n will_v set_v at_o the_o least_o two_o furlong_n a_o day_n the_o one_o man_n to_o make_v hole_n to_o set_v they_o in_o and_o the_o other_o to_o put_v in_o the_o mean_n and_o cover_v it_o the_o profit_n that_o may_v arise_v thereby_o be_v before_o set_v down_o for_o the_o profit_n of_o park_n concern_v such_o as_o hereafter_o may_v enclose_v be_v to_o enclose_v with_o the_o aforesaid_a mean_n and_o not_o with_o thorn_n whereby_o with_o less_o charge_n &_o labour_n they_o may_v raise_v a_o fence_n strong_a and_o long_o last_v with_o great_a profit_n by_o the_o set_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a mean_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o bank_n as_o be_v set_v down_o for_o park_n which_o by_o experience_n will_v grow_v more_o speedy_o than_o thorn_n and_o make_v a_o better_a fence_n as_o be_v prove_v that_o will_v with_o a_o good_a gate_n locke_n and_o key_n keep_v all_o cattle_n safe_a from_o steal_v and_o from_o break_v into_o any_o other_o ground_n than_o the_o owner_n
will_v have_v they_o safe_a from_o trespass_v to_o his_o neighbour_n or_o his_o neighbour_n to_o he_o whereby_o much_o corn_n may_v be_v save_v trespass_v prevent_v which_o too_o often_o raise_v envy_n and_o suit_n in_o law_n the_o browse_n of_o the_o wood_n in_o winter_n will_v great_o relieve_v cattle_n and_o save_o fodder_n and_o be_v wood_n that_o will_v yield_v mast_n the_o mast_n will_v be_v very_o beneficial_a to_o the_o particular_a owner_n and_o commonwealth_n direction_n for_o such_o as_o be_v desirous_a to_o stock_n up_o wood_n for_o the_o improove_v of_o the_o soil_n by_o convert_n of_o the_o same_o to_o corn_n meadow_n or_o pasture_n &_o to_o have_v as_o much_o or_o rather_o more_o profit_n by_o the_o wood_n than_o they_o have_v before_o be_v first_o to_o leave_v a_o yard_n in_o breadth_n round_o about_o the_o side_n for_o the_o maintain_n of_o the_o fence_n which_o may_v be_v make_v once_o for_o all_o by_o observe_v the_o aforesaid_a direction_n then_o begin_v at_o a_o side_n next_o to_o the_o wood_n so_o leave_v and_o stock_n up_o all_o the_o wood_n whatsoever_o so_o as_o the_o ground_n may_v be_v plough_v ten_o yard_n in_o breadth_n and_o in_o the_o eleven_o yard_n stock_n up_o all_o but_o fifty_o five_o of_o the_o best_a tree_n which_o tree_n will_v as_o near_o as_o may_v be_v be_v so_o leave_v that_o they_o may_v grow_v four_o yard_n distant_a one_o from_o another_o from_o end_n to_o end_n as_o tree_n plant_v in_o a_o orchard_n and_o so_o stock_n up_o from_o side_n to_o side_n and_o from_o end_n to_o end_n leave_v the_o like_a distance_n so_o as_o there_o may_v be_v ten_o yard_n distance_n one_o way_n and_o four_o a_o other_o from_o tree_n to_o tree_n by_o which_o mean_n in_o every_o two_o row_n there_o may_v be_v leave_v a_o hundred_o and_o ten_o tree_n out_o of_o every_o acre_n how_o great_a or_o little_o soever_o the_o ground_n be_v which_o be_v top_v and_o after_o twelve_o year_n lop_v with_o many_o head_n as_o they_o may_v be_v by_o the_o direction_n already_o set_v down_o or_o rather_o for_o a_o great_a profit_n leave_v unlop_v till_o the_o wood_n be_v of_o twenty_o year_n growth_n the_o profit_n thereof_o by_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o wood_n and_o the_o bark_n with_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o wood_n that_o may_v arise_v about_o the_o fence_n be_v make_v as_o before_o be_v direct_v will_v far_o exceed_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o under-wood_n grow_v of_o all_o the_o ground_n before_o but_o as_o the_o case_n stand_v and_o as_o be_v more_o like_a to_o stand_v by_o the_o want_n of_o timber_n if_o all_o the_o tree_n be_v leave_v for_o timber_n and_o never_o top_v nor_o lop_v will_v in_o time_n arise_v to_o the_o great_a profit_n especial_o if_o they_o be_v every_o three_o year_n shred_v in_o march_n when_o the_o sap_n be_v rise_v up_o and_o the_o wood_n worth_n the_o shread_n which_o sap_n will_v so_o grow_v as_o it_o will_v cover_v the_o knot_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o tree_n will_v grow_v taper-like_a with_o so_o small_a top_n as_o the_o ground_n between_o the_o row_n may_v be_v plough_v three_o year_n and_o may_v be_v lay_v to_o grass_n for_o nine_o year_n so_o may_v you_o have_v from_o time_n to_o time_n three_o year_n good_a corn_n and_o nine_o year_n good_a grass_n and_o never_o to_o decay_v the_o land_n but_o rather_o to_o improve_v it_o the_o tree_n be_v thus_o keep_v with_o small_a top_n can_v neither_o hurt_v corn_n or_o grass_n by_o drop_v or_o shadow_n some_o do_v object_n and_o say_v that_o if_o all_o spring-wood_n be_v so_o stock_v how_o shall_v hurdle_n be_v get_v for_o the_o fold_n of_o sheep_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v with_o experience_n where_o wood_n be_v not_o lop_v too_o young_a some_o of_o the_o great_a bough_n be_v lop_v and_o bark_v and_o then_o lay_v in_o water_n a_o month_n they_o will_v be_v so_o rate_v and_o grow_v so_o hard_o as_o worm_n can_v no_o way_n hurt_v they_o and_o be_v so_o use_v will_v make_v far_o better_o and_o strong_a hurdle_n than_o any_o young_a rod_n whatsoever_o as_o may_v appear_v in_o many_o country_n of_o this_o kingdom_n where_o wood_n be_v so_o scant_o as_o they_o be_v of_o necessity_n constrain_v to_o use_v willow_n bough_n for_o spar_v and_o lath_n for_o many_o house_n and_o to_o use_v they_o about_o plough_n cart_n and_o harrow_n other_o do_v object_n that_o the_o grass_n in_o such_o woody_a ground_n will_v be_v so_o sour_a as_o cattle_n will_v not_o like_v of_o it_o to_o that_o i_o answer_v that_o if_o the_o row_n be_v plant_v east_n and_o west_n or_o so_o stock_v as_o the_o ground_n between_o the_o row_n may_v have_v the_o morning_n noon_n and_o evening_n sun_n the_o pasture_n will_v be_v as_o sweet_a as_o any_o other_o the_o corn_n will_v as_o well_o like_a of_o it_o as_o of_o any_o other_o ground_n and_o will_v as_o well_o dry_a when_o it_o be_v cut_v or_o if_o the_o cattle_n be_v put_v into_o such_o ground_n before_o they_o taste_v of_o a_o sweet_a grass_n they_o will_v like_v as_o well_o of_o that_o grass_n as_o of_o any_o other_o and_o for_o the_o better_a proof_n thereof_o who_o ever_o see_v grass_n lose_v for_o the_o eat_n in_o any_o forest_n chase_n or_o park_n where_o tree_n grow_v thick_a notwithstanding_o the_o cattle_n in_o such_o ground_n if_o they_o be_v not_o eat_v too_o bare_a like_o very_a well_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o shadow_n in_o summer_n and_o shelter_v in_o winter_n a_o further_a experience_n may_v be_v take_v to_o encourage_v all_o man_n hereunto_o from_o about_o thousand_o of_o town_n in_o this_o kingdom_n where_o be_v to_o be_v see_v little_a close_n of_o two_o three_o four_o or_o five_o acre_n of_o ground_n as_o have_v so_o much_o timber_n or_o firewood_n grow_v about_o they_o as_o if_o it_o be_v at_o this_o instant_n to_o be_v sell_v will_v give_v more_o money_n than_o the_o fee-simple_n of_o the_o land_n whereupon_o it_o follow_v very_o fitting_o for_o this_o purpose_n to_o show_v what_o good_a may_v arise_v to_o the_o particular_a owner_n of_o ground_n by_o observe_v these_o direction_n set_v down_o in_o sundry_a place_n for_o these_o purpose_n and_o how_o the_o kingdom_n may_v be_v improove_v only_o by_o wood_n plant_v about_o park_n and_o in_o hedges_n make_v and_o hereafter_o to_o be_v make_v of_o wood_n so_o far_o from_o the_o loss_n of_o any_o as_o it_o may_v be_v to_o the_o general_a good_a of_o all_o man_n even_o to_o the_o very_a poorest_n who_o relief_n i_o great_o desire_v and_o for_o my_o further_a experience_n i_o see_v about_o christmas_n last_o a_o close_a of_o sandy_a land_n of_o four_o acre_n take_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o field_n belong_v to_o downam_n in_o norfolk_n about_o forty_o year_n ago_o and_o set_v round_o about_o when_o it_o be_v take_v in_o with_o young_a set_n as_o it_o be_v confess_v to_o i_o by_o the_o owner_n thereof_o of_o ash_n root_n of_o elm_n and_o thorn_n and_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o stake_n of_o the_o hedge_n be_v of_o willow_n and_o sallow_a which_o stake_n and_o set_v of_o wood_n do_v so_o take_v root_n as_o upon_o my_o credit_n there_o be_v grow_v about_o the_o say_v close_o five_o hundred_o fifty_o and_o odd_a tree_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a wood_n whereof_o the_o owner_n confess_v unto_o i_o that_o he_o do_v every_o year_n lop_v five_o and_o fifty_o of_o ten_o year_n grow_v the_o which_o wood_n he_o can_v yearly_a sell_v for_o forty_o shilling_n and_o the_o four_o acre_n of_o ground_n he_o can_v not_o let_v for_o above_o six_o and_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o eight_o penny_n yearly_a so_o that_o i_o do_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o most_o sure_a way_n to_o perform_v this_o plant_n be_v to_o make_v nursery_n which_o may_v be_v keep_v from_o mouse_n by_o trap_n and_o that_o the_o simple_a may_n the_o better_o understand_v it_o admit_v for_o this_o purpose_n that_o a_o man_n have_v six_o score_n acre_n of_o ground_n in_o his_o own_o occupation_n and_o that_o it_o be_v equal_o divide_v into_o twelve_o close_n and_o that_o but_o half_o the_o fence_n about_o those_o twelve_o close_n do_v belong_v unto_o they_o by_o reason_n that_o they_o be_v join_v to_o other_o man_n close_n as_o common_o all_o enclose_a ground_n be_v there_o remain_v to_o every_o of_o those_o close_n a_o end_n and_o a_o side_n at_o the_o least_o of_o the_o fence_n which_o contain_v two_o furlong_n which_o be_v fourscore_o pole_n to_o a_o close_a all_o which_o hedge_n be_v plant_v according_a to_o the_o direction_n set_v down_o for_o hedge_n there_o will_v arise_v about_o these_o twelve_o close_n four_o and_o twenty_o furlong_n whereby_o the_o owner_n of_o those_o close_n may_v after_o thirty_o
begin_v and_o sow_v they_o all_o over_o the_o earth_n cast_v forth_o of_o the_o ditch_n round_o about_o the_o close_a and_o all_o over_o every_o ridge_n as_o thick_a as_o beanes_n and_o harrow_v they_o in_o or_o rather_o cover_v they_o with_o a_o yron-toothed_n rake_v and_o further_o to_o furnish_v up_o the_o row_n so_o plough_v and_o the_o bank_n there_o must_v be_v also_o get_v immediate_o after_o the_o lady_n day_n or_o before_o as_o the_o spring_n time_n fall_v forth_o so_o as_o they_o may_v be_v set_v before_o the_o leaf_n put_v forth_o when_o the_o most_o sap_n be_v in_o they_o fifteen_o score_n willow_n or_o sallow_a set_n of_o ten_o foot_n long_o of_o the_o fresh_a and_o green_a which_o must_v be_v careful_o carry_v for_o bruise_v of_o the_o bark_n forth_o of_o every_o set_v of_o that_o length_n there_o may_v be_v cut_v six_o set_n of_o half_a a_o yard_n long_o cut_v colt-footed_n at_o both_o end_n which_o must_v be_v set_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o ridge_n where_o the_o ash_n key_n be_v sow_v two_o yard_n asunder_o one_o from_o a_o other_o from_o end_n to_o end_n fourteen_o inch_n deep_a and_o four_o inch_n above_o ground_n the_o hole_n wherein_o they_o be_v to_o be_v set_v must_v be_v make_v with_o a_o spade_n full_o fourteen_o inch_n deep_a two_o foot_n wide_a the_o set_v be_v put_v into_o the_o hole_n so_o deep_a the_o less_o earth_n must_v be_v put_v in_o but_o neither_o stone_n nor_o grass_n and_o tread_v close_o to_o the_o set_v be_v thus_o set_v how_o can_v they_o in_o common_a reason_n fail_v but_o grow_v for_o every_o dew_n that_o fall_v will_v nourish_v they_o and_o keep_v they_o so_o moist_a as_o they_o will_v grow_v more_o in_o two_o year_n than_o a_o ordinary_a long_o set_v will_v do_v in_o three_o and_o the_o ash-keye_n will_v grow_v so_o thick_a as_o they_o will_v keep_v the_o ground_n continual_o moist_a there_o must_v be_v also_o set_v in_o like_a sort_n two_o row_n of_o willow_n and_o sallow_a between_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o ditch_n and_o the_o first_o ridge_n the_o one_o four_o foot_n off_o the_o first_o ridge_n the_o other_o four_o foot_n off_o that_o and_o so_o on_o the_o other_o bank_n of_o the_o other_o side_n if_o it_o be_v not_o plant_v for_o timber_n by_o which_o mean_v there_o may_v be_v contain_v sixteen_o row_n in_o every_o acre_n and_o in_o every_o row_n a_o hundred_o and_o ten_o willow_n and_o sallow_a plant_n which_o in_o june_n after_o they_o be_v 3_o year_n old_a all_o the_o under_o bough_n must_v be_v cut_v away_o and_o only_o four_o leave_v of_o every_o root_n of_o the_o straight_a and_o tall_a the_o under-boughe_n will_v be_v springe_n and_o rod_n for_o thechars_n and_o the_o worst_a good_a fuel_n for_o bake_v and_o brew_v which_o will_v be_v more_o worth_a than_o the_o labour_n the_o number_n of_o willow_n and_o sallow_a pole_n be_v four_o of_o every_o root_n be_v seven_o thousand_o and_o forty_o and_o when_o the_o ash_n and_o sekamore_n be_v three_o year_n old_a they_o must_v be_v all_o draw_v up_o and_o only_o ten_o of_o the_o ash_n leave_v to_o grow_v a_o foot_n from_o every_o willow_n or_o sallow_a a_o foot_n asunder_o one_o from_o a_o other_o every_o way_n in_o the_o row_n and_o at_o the_o end_n and_o side_n all_o must_v be_v draw_v up_o and_o only_o three_o row_n leave_v to_o grow_v upon_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a of_o ground_n upon_o the_o ditch_n bank_n round_o about_o the_o close_a for_o a_o fence_n half_o a_o foot_n off_o the_o hedge_n of_o the_o bank_n and_o half_o a_o foot_n asunder_o one_o from_o another_o every_o way_n not_o so_o close_o as_o they_o may_v grow_v direct_o one_o against_o a_o other_o but_o so_o as_o they_o may_v fulfil_v the_o open_a place_n of_o each_o other_o in_o the_o row_n and_o as_o they_o grow_v great_a that_o one_o row_n may_v be_v the_o fence_n the_o other_o row_n may_v be_v fell_v in_o june_n so_o as_o they_o may_v grow_v no_o more_o and_o those_o that_o do_v remain_v for_o the_o fence_n must_v be_v top_v when_o they_o be_v grow_v so_o high_a as_o the_o body_n may_v be_v five_o yard_n high_a from_o the_o ground_n and_o so_o to_o stand_v as_o pale_n which_o will_v be_v as_o strong_a a_o fence_n as_o any_o wall_n be_v thus_o top_v they_o will_v be_v lop_v after_o five_o year_n growth_n before_o the_o wood_n be_v too_o high_a for_o shake_v they_o loose_v at_o the_o root_n by_o wind_n and_o afterward_o at_o every_o ten_o year_n be_v lop_v as_o before_o be_v direct_v will_v yield_v every_o ten_o year_n at_o the_o least_o three_o load_n of_o wood_n of_o a_o pole_n the_o young_a ash_n and_o sekamore_n that_o be_v to_o be_v draw_v up_o must_v be_v draw_v in_o the_o new_a of_o the_o moon_n the_o wind_n be_v south_n or_o west_n and_o present_o set_v the_o top_n of_o the_o ash_n be_v cut_v off_o as_o quick_a and_o set_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o thorn_n hedge_n half_o a_o foot_n asunder_o which_o be_v defend_v by_o the_o thorn_n will_v be_v in_o a_o few_o year_n a_o very_a profitable_a and_o a_o everlasting_a fence_n or_o be_v set_v under_o bush_n that_o may_v defend_v they_o will_v soon_o grow_v to_o be_v tree_n or_o be_v set_v as_o quick_a where_o man_n do_v enclose_v will_v soon_o be_v a_o fence_n then_o thorn_n and_o raise_v more_o profit_n by_o many_o degree_n as_o do_v appear_v and_o more_o easy_o may_v be_v conceive_v the_o number_n of_o the_o ash_n pole_n in_o seven_o acre_n be_v seventeen_o thousand_o and_o six_o hundred_o the_o total_a of_o all_o the_o pole_n contain_v in_o one_o acre_n be_v four_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o and_o forty_o rate_v at_o six_o penny_n the_o score_n when_o they_o be_v seven_o year_n old_a arise_v to_o thirty_o pound_n sixteen_o shilling_n a_o acre_n every_o seven_o year_n at_o the_o least_o over_o and_o above_o the_o wood_n that_o will_v arise_v about_o the_o fence_n every_o willow_n and_o sallow_a set_n be_v worth_a a_o penny_n forty_o year_n since_o and_o three_o pole_n will_v make_v two_o better_a faggot_n than_o ever_o be_v sell_v in_o london_n for_o penny_n a_o piece_n these_o fifty_o year_n the_o top_n of_o the_o pole_n will_v make_v good_a bavin_n more_o worth_a than_o all_o the_o workmanship_n and_o by_o other_o mean_n there_o may_v be_v more_o make_v this_o wood_n must_v be_v all_o fell_v and_o carry_v off_o the_o ground_n before_o the_o end_n of_o march_n for_o hinder_v the_o spring_n the_o eight_o acre_n may_v be_v all_o plough_v from_o end_n to_o end_v into_o one_o land_n leave_v a_o yard_n of_o either_o side_n one_o from_o the_o ditch_n the_o other_o from_o the_o last_o ridge_n of_o that_o side_n then_o begin_v at_o either_o side_n of_o that_o acre_n a_o yard_n off_o that_o end_n where_o the_o gate_n be_v not_o to_o be_v set_v and_o set_v a_o yard_n as_o before_o be_v direct_v for_o timber_n and_o so_o set_v from_o end_n to_o end_n and_o from_o side_n to_o side_n all_o that_o acre_n always_o leave_v one_o yard_n every_o way_n and_o set_v a_o other_o by_o which_o mean_v there_o may_v be_v raise_v in_o that_o one_o acre_n twelve_o hundred_o and_o ten_o tree_n for_o timber_n every_o tree_n to_o have_v four_o yard_n of_o ground_n to_o grow_v on_o if_o they_o grow_v too_o thick_a it_o be_v easy_a to_o take_v some_o away_o then_o to_o put_v more_o to_o which_o be_v keep_v as_o before_o will_v grow_v clean_o without_o knot_n taper-like_a with_o so_o small_a top_n as_o if_o they_o shall_v grow_v in_o row_n they_o will_v never_o hurt_v wood_n or_o corn_n by_o shadow_n or_o drop_v and_o if_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o ground_n listen_v to_o raise_v more_o ash_n plant_n all_o the_o whole_a close_n may_v be_v plough_v and_o sow_v with_o key_n or_o other_o mean_n and_o rake_v in_o many_o there_o be_v that_o desire_n to_o raise_v wood_n by_o a_o very_a unprofitable_a course_n by_o remove_v young_a tree_n from_o the_o ground_n where_o they_o grow_v and_o prosper_v and_o set_v they_o again_o where_o 10_o of_o 20_o never_o grow_v the_o special_a reason_n be_v in_o respect_n that_o they_o be_v either_o remove_v unto_o a_o worse_a soil_n or_o too_o long_o unset_a after_o they_o be_v take_v up_o or_o not_o set_v with_o the_o same_o side_n to_o the_o sun_n that_o be_v before_o or_o not_o be_v take_v up_o in_o due_a time_n about_o the_o midst_n of_o september_n before_o the_o sap_n be_v return_v to_o the_o root_n for_o as_o tree_n grow_v upward_o in_o summer_n so_o do_v tree_n grow_v in_o the_o root_n in_o winter_n or_o not_o like_v grow_v hidebound_a the_o help_n to_o that_o be_v to_o slitte_v they_o from_o top_n to_o root_v four_o
slitt_n in_o the_o bark_n in_o april_n the_o wind_n be_v west_n or_o south_n or_o set_v deep_a than_o before_o or_o not_o maintain_v with_o stake_n and_o bush_n to_o preserve_v they_o from_o wind_n and_o cattle_n or_o be_v when_o they_o be_v new_o set_v steal_a or_o shake_v loose_a at_o the_o root_n by_o the_o poor_a that_o intend_v to_o steal_v they_o and_o many_o there_o be_v that_o be_v very_o desirous_a to_o plant_v and_o some_o that_o will_v preserve_v that_o which_o be_v plant_v be_v discourage_v by_o the_o poor_a that_o do_v cut_v it_o forth_o of_o the_o spring_n break_v their_o hedge_n and_o every_o way_n spoil_n &_o steal_v whereupon_o arise_v a_o great_a grievance_n between_o such_o as_o have_v wood_n and_o the_o poor_a the_o one_o will_v have_v it_o as_o they_o say_v although_o they_o die_v for_o it_o the_o other_o will_v destroy_v it_o though_o they_o and_o their_o posterity_n repent_v it_o the_o only_a remedy_n be_v a_o general_a plantation_n if_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v to_o be_v enclose_v by_o the_o sow_v of_o these_o ground_n all_o over_o with_o the_o aforesaid_a mast_n and_o seed_n of_o wood_n but_o not_o of_o sykamore_n for_o they_o will_v not_o prove_v so_o well_o after_o they_o be_v cut_v as_o other_o wood_n they_o must_v be_v set_v with_o the_o top_n there_o will_v be_v set_v enough_o soon_o get_v to_o enclose_v all_o and_o if_o a_o three_o part_n of_o all_o the_o ground_n enclose_v and_o hereafter_o to_o be_v enclose_v be_v continual_o keep_v in_o tillage_n it_o will_v be_v the_o great_a benefit_n to_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n that_o can_v be_v devise_v there_o will_v be_v more_o corn_n bieve_n mutton_n butter_n and_o cheese_n by_o many_o degree_n than_o there_o be_v and_o much_o more_o work_n for_o labour_a man_n and_o for_o firewood_n timber_n and_o corn_n we_o shall_v exceed_v all_o nation_n some_o scantling_n may_v be_v take_v thereof_o in_o every_o county_n of_o this_o kingdom_n where_o the_o bare_a ground_n enclose_v do_v in_o profit_n far_o exceed_v the_o best_a valley_n the_o people_n much_o the_o rich_a and_o able_a of_o body_n to_o serve_v their_o prince_n and_o defend_v their_o country_n and_o the_o kingdom_n secure_a from_o invasion_n then_o champain_n country_n the_o ash_n and_o sykamore_n set_v that_o may_v be_v raise_v forth_o of_o every_o acre_n will_v pay_v for_o the_o willow_n and_o sallow_a set_n if_o any_o will_v plant_v low_a ground_n the_o willow_n and_o sallow_a set_n must_v be_v so_o long_o as_o the_o water_n may_v seldom_o or_o not_o at_o all_o stand_n over_o the_o head_n of_o the_o set_v in_o such_o ground_n they_o may_v be_v set_v but_o a_o yard_n asunder_o so_o as_o there_o may_v be_v raise_v four_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o and_o forty_o plant_n but_o not_o any_o otherwood_n if_o the_o under-boughe_n as_o before_o be_v cut_v away_o and_o only_o four_o leave_v at_o the_o first_o fell_v afterward_o as_o the_o root_n grow_v broad_a there_o may_v be_v more_o leave_v the_o take_v away_o of_o the_o under-boughe_n will_v great_o improove_v the_o rest_n and_o whereas_o some_o make_v doubt_n that_o willow_n and_o sallow_a will_v not_o grow_v upon_o dry_a ground_n or_o on_o any_o soil_n believe_v it_o i_o write_v no_o untruth_n nor_o no_o more_o than_o i_o have_v see_v and_o know_v to_o be_v true_a and_o to_o make_v some_o proof_n thereof_o master_n thomas_n spencer_n of_o clardon_n in_o warwickshire_n a_o man_n know_v to_o many_o show_v i_o about_o bartholomewtide_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n one_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o and_o twelve_o be_v the_o dry_a spring_n that_o year_n that_o be_v of_o many_o year_n before_o or_o since_o many_o hundred_o of_o sallow_a or_o willow_n set_v that_o he_o have_v cause_v to_o be_v set_v the_o same_o year_n which_o set_v be_v not_o above_o a_o foot_n long_o above_o ground_n set_v in_o bare_a dry_a gravel_o hungry_a ground_n notwithstanding_o the_o drienesse_n of_o the_o year_n there_o be_v very_o few_o that_o take_v not_o and_o the_o rest_n have_v so_o take_v root_n as_o they_o put_v forth_o at_o the_o root_n by_o the_o moistness_n of_o the_o dew_n but_o not_o at_o the_o top_n and_o he_o himself_o tell_v i_o in_o candlemas_n term_n one_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o and_o thirteen_o when_o this_o book_n be_v in_o print_v that_o they_o take_v at_o the_o ground_n and_o prosper_v well_o he_o further_o tell_v i_o that_o of_o his_o own_o knowledge_n the_o seed_n of_o willow_n will_v grow_v and_o it_o have_v be_v report_v to_o i_o by_o man_n of_o good_a worth_n that_o the_o chip_n of_o willow_n will_v grow_v which_o i_o do_v the_o better_o believe_v for_o i_o have_v often_o see_v the_o chip_n of_o poplar_n asp_z and_o awbell_n grow_v so_o as_o they_o will_v not_o be_v destroy_v but_o by_o pluck_v they_o up_o by_o the_o root_n for_o of_o all_o wood_n cattle_n will_v least_o browse_n of_o those_o wood_n and_o further_o that_o willow_n and_o sallow_a will_v grow_v on_o any_o ground_n have_v two_o foot_n soil_n it_o be_v to_o be_v see_v by_o as_o many_o as_o will_v observe_v it_o that_o in_o all_o chalky_a flinty_a sandy_a or_o any_o other_o dry_a ground_n they_o will_v grow_v from_o hedge-stake_n and_o i_o have_v see_v and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v see_v as_o great_a sallow_a and_o willow_n tree_n come_v of_o stake_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o any_o low_a ground_n both_o sound_a and_o long_o last_v by_o many_o degree_n for_o all_o will_v put_v forth_o so_o near_o the_o ground_n as_o i_o do_v write_v and_o in_o wood_n on_o the_o dry_a ground_n that_o be_v there_o be_v no_o wood_n comparable_a to_o those_o wood_n in_o growth_n but_o ash_n for_o chip_n of_o elm_n i_o have_v see_v many_o tree_n of_o they_o and_o for_o the_o better_a proof_n thereof_o sir_n thomas_n tresham_n of_o newton_n in_o northamptonshire_n show_v i_o the_o last_o summer_n at_o the_o least_o a_o dozen_o tree_n that_o of_o his_o own_o knowledge_n come_v of_o chip_n and_o about_o michaelmas_n last_o it_o please_v the_o earl_n of_o kent_n to_o invite_v i_o to_o dine_v with_o he_o in_o bedford_n where_o there_o be_v at_o least_o seven_o or_o eight_o knight_n and_o esquire_n at_o the_o table_n some_o of_o which_o doubt_v of_o the_o grow_a of_o the_o chip_n of_o elm_n whereunto_o master_n lee_n a_o justice_n of_o peace_n dwell_v within_o half_a a_o mile_n of_o bedford_n affirm_v say_v they_o will_v grow_v for_o he_o cause_v a_o elm_n to_o be_v fell_v at_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o year_n and_o to_o be_v carry_v to_o his_o house_n into_o a_o yard_n where_o no_o cattle_n come_v and_o where_o the_o elm_n be_v square_v and_o the_o chip_n clean_o rake_v off_o notwithstanding_o many_o of_o the_o small_a that_o remain_v spring_v up_o as_o thick_a as_o hempseed_n on_o a_o land_n and_o other_o proof_n i_o can_v make_v if_o occasion_n serve_v as_o for_o the_o root_n or_o bough_n i_o have_v hear_v no_o doubt_n make_v of_o they_o neither_o can_v any_o make_v doubt_n of_o the_o grow_a of_o the_o mast_n or_o seed_n of_o any_o other_o wood_n and_o for_o any_o wood_n to_o grow_v so_o thick_a it_o be_v less_o to_o be_v doubt_v for_o in_o cambridgeshire_n where_o most_o spring_v of_o elm_n be_v it_o be_v to_o be_v see_v that_o after_o the_o underling_n be_v cut_v away_o they_o grow_v as_o thick_a as_o i_o write_v of_o where_o they_o be_v leave_v so_o thick_a as_o for_o ash_n or_o any_o other_o seed_n of_o wood_n it_o will_v for_o so_o few_o or_o more_o year_n grow_v so_o thick_a and_o i_o have_v see_v many_o grove_n of_o ash_n that_o have_v be_v set_v that_o after_o many_o year_n have_v take_v hold_n and_o grow_v so_o thick_a the_o last_o summer_n about_o michaelmas_n it_o please_v sir_n walter_n montague_n to_o show_v i_o a_o grove_n by_o his_o house_n within_o five_o mile_n of_o northampton_n which_o he_o have_v cause_v to_o be_v set_v not_o much_o thin_a in_o which_o grove_n he_o have_v cause_v some_o to_o be_v fell_v that_o like_v not_o which_o forth_o of_o the_o root_n of_o such_o as_o be_v fell_v there_o be_v young_a ash_n spring_v up_o of_o a_o yard_n and_o three_o quarter_n high_a of_o one_o year_n growth_n and_o i_o have_v see_v the_o like_a in_o many_o place_n the_o only_a way_n to_o make_v young_a tree_n after_o they_o be_v remove_v to_o grow_v more_o in_o one_o year_n then_o after_o they_o be_v move_v in_o three_o be_v to_o fall_v they_o by_o the_o ground_n after_o two_o year_n when_o they_o have_v take_v root_n if_o any_o shall_v ask_v why_o wood_n do_v not_o prove_v so_o well_o by_o many_o degree_n in_o all_o spring_n of_o wood_n i_o answer_v there_o be_v two_o reason_n at_o
the_o least_o why_o it_o do_v not_o the_o one_o be_v no_o wood_n grow_v so_o speedy_o by_o the_o half_a as_o these_o wood_n but_o the_o special_a reason_n be_v the_o spring_n be_v not_o order_v they_o be_v full_a of_o hazel_n maple-bush_n and_o other_o wood_n that_o rise_v to_o small_a proof_n and_o so_o thick_a of_o underling_n as_o the_o other_o can_v not_o general_o prosper_v but_o some_o few_o that_o get_v up_o and_o choke_v all_o the_o rest_n neither_o be_v the_o sixth_o part_n of_o any_o spring_n that_o i_o see_v furnish_v with_o such_o prove_v wood_n and_o for_o further_a proof_n for_o timber_n one_o master_n skipwith_n in_o norfolk_n within_o three_o mile_n of_o downane_n show_v i_o a_o grove_n plant_v by_o his_o father_n of_o four_o and_o thirty_o year_n growth_n of_o oak_n and_o ashe_n grow_v so_o tall_a as_o heron_n have_v breed_v in_o they_o these_o three_o year_n past_a which_o tree_n grow_v not_o above_o two_o yard_n one_o from_o another_o some_o plant_v by_o acorn_n and_o ashe-keye_n and_o some_o by_o young_a set_n cut_v and_o use_v as_o quick_a some_o difference_n there_o be_v of_o their_o growth_n the_o set_n be_v the_o tall_a but_o little_a the_o big_a all_o these_o kind_n of_o plant_v by_o common_a reason_n and_o experience_n can_v be_v deny_v nor_o the_o profit_n thereof_o by_o reason_n thereof_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o whereas_o there_o be_v contain_v in_o this_o kingdom_n five_o and_o twenty_o million_o of_o acre_n whereupon_o wood_n will_v grow_v and_o prosper_v over_o and_o above_o the_o waste_n whereon_o wood_n will_v not_o prove_v if_o it_o be_v plant_v as_o on_o stony_a hill_n great_a moorish_a linggy_a moor_n and_o moss_n water_n and_o watery_a moorish_a fen_n and_o highway_n forth_o of_o which_o five_a and_o twenty_o million_o take_v but_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o acre_n and_o divide_v it_o into_o ten_o thousand_o part_n it_o will_v yield_v to_o every_o parish_n in_o this_o kingdom_n if_o there_o be_v ten_o thousand_o as_o there_o be_v not_o two_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o acre_n take_v forth_o of_o the_o two_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o but_o one_o hundred_o and_o ten_o acre_n and_o plant_v ten_o acre_n thereof_o in_o row_n as_o before_o be_v direct_v and_o there_o may_v be_v raise_v in_o ten_o acre_n of_o the_o hundred_o and_o ten_o four_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o tree_n for_o timber_n two_o yard_n between_o every_o one_o of_o they_o one_o way_n and_o ten_o the_o other_o to_o furnish_v every_o parish_n and_o the_o ground_n thereby_o much_o improve_v and_o within_o thirty_o year_n the_o fence_n of_o all_o ground_n be_v make_v as_o before_o will_v yield_v such_o store_n of_o firewood_n as_o there_o will_v be_v no_o need_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a plantation_n for_o firewood_n or_o any_o other_o spring_n but_o all_o may_v be_v stock_v up_o and_o convert_v to_o tillage_n and_o pasture_n for_o the_o better_a effect_v of_o this_o business_n it_o be_v think_v convenient_a that_o a_o act_n may_v pass_v that_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o all_o man_n to_o enclose_v ground_n for_o this_o plantation_n in_o common_a field_n and_o many_o town_n may_v be_v furnish_v by_o their_o commons_o so_o as_o if_o coal_n shall_v decay_v near_o the_o coast_n as_o they_o do_v too_o fast_o in_o many_o place_n within_o the_o land_n which_o as_o yet_o be_v no_o more_o fear_v than_o the_o want_n of_o wood_n be_v general_o fear_v through_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n special_o in_o london_n cambridge_n and_o oxford_n forty_o year_n ago_o when_o the_o poor_a sort_n scorn_v to_o eat_v a_o piece_n of_o meat_n roast_v with_o sea-cole_n which_o now_o the_o best_a magistrate_n be_v constrain_v to_o do_v if_o a_o man_n in_o that_o time_n shall_v have_v foretold_v this_o want_n of_o wood_n that_o now_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v come_v to_o it_o will_v have_v be_v hold_v a_o thing_n unpossible_a the_o plenty_n of_o wood_n be_v then_o so_o great_a and_o so_o good_a mean_n to_o continue_v the_o same_o with_o much_o more_o reason_n may_v it_o now_o be_v fear_v that_o in_o the_o like_a time_n coal_n may_v be_v more_o decay_a consider_v the_o abundance_n that_o be_v spend_v of_o they_o not_o only_o in_o this_o realm_n but_o in_o other_o nation_n and_o no_o mean_n to_o increase_v they_o for_o by_o experience_n it_o be_v general_o know_v that_o after_o they_o be_v once_o get_v they_o never_o more_o grow_v or_o increase_v and_o brief_o to_o show_v the_o premise_n first_o that_o one_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o and_o ten_o tree_n may_v be_v plant_v for_o timber_n in_o one_o acre_n and_o every_o tree_n to_o have_v four_o yard_n of_o ground_n to_o grow_v on_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v for_o there_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o every_o county_n some_o grove_n that_o have_v be_v plant_v by_o the_o plough_n and_o some_o by_o hand_n within_o three_o score_n year_n that_o grow_v as_o thick_a both_o of_o oak_n and_o ash_n and_o natural_o grove_n of_o elm_n and_o which_o tree_n and_o that_o timber_n tree_n will_v grow_v and_o thrive_v well_o in_o row_n be_v two_o yard_n asunder_o one_o way_n and_o ten_o the_o other_o it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v see_v in_o every_o county_n about_o many_o close_n and_o on_o all_o soil_n either_o oak_n ash_n beech_n or_o elm_n that_o do_v grow_v special_o in_o town_n by_o the_o highway_n side_n tree_n that_o be_v a_o hundred_o or_o two_o hundred_o year_n old_a plant_v or_o preserve_v when_o wood_n be_v not_o of_o the_o worth_n that_o it_o be_v in_o this_o instant_n which_o in_o this_o age_n be_v think_v unpossible_a to_o be_v so_o raise_v nay_o which_o be_v more_o strange_a as_o great_a husband_n as_o we_o think_v ourselves_o it_o be_v apparent_a in_o every_o town_n man_n choose_v rather_o to_o make_v dead_a hedge_n every_o year_n then_o to_o plant_v as_o they_o may_v do_v by_o wood_n and_o make_v a_o fence_n for_o hundred_o of_o year_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o wood_n already_o grow_v in_o such_o fence_n which_o will_v yield_v yearly_a profit_n and_o prevent_v the_o great_a complaint_n that_o be_v daily_o make_v of_o the_o poor_a for_o the_o break_n of_o hedge_n and_o that_o all_o fence_n may_v be_v make_v of_o tree_n only_o it_o be_v evident_a especial_o about_o wood_n where_o in_o the_o hedge_n there_o be_v want_n of_o thorn_n they_o plash_n wood_n which_o have_v lie_v in_o common_a reason_n as_o it_o do_v appear_v by_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o tree_n at_o the_o least_o a_o hundred_o year_n and_o grow_v so_o close_o as_o no_o man_n can_v see_v between_o the_o tree_n be_v plash_v and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n lay_v so_o low_o as_o beast_n browse_v off_o the_o top_n much_o more_o will_v they_o last_v many_o more_o year_n be_v lay_v and_o not_o cut_v at_o the_o root_n to_o receive_v water_n the_o top_n be_v lay_v so_o high_a as_o cattle_n can_v reach_v they_o or_o be_v unlayed_a may_v grow_v upright_o to_o stand_v as_o pale_n which_o may_v be_v lop_v for_o firewood_n and_o browse_v for_o deer_n or_o cattle_n thus_o much_o for_o fence_n of_o park_n and_o other_o enclose_a ground_n and_o that_o this_o kind_n of_o firewood_n may_v be_v plant_v so_o thick_a and_o prove_v so_o well_o it_o may_v appear_v in_o all_o copy_n or_o spring_n of_o wood_n that_o on_o ash_n or_o sallow_a root_n they_o grow_v thick_a than_o i_o proportion_n and_o all_o man_n know_v that_o willow_n and_o sallow_a be_v inferior_a to_o no_o wood_n in_o growth_n especial_o be_v plant_v so_o near_o the_o ground_n the_o reason_n why_o all_o spring_n wood_n make_v not_o such_o proof_n be_v that_o some_o spring_n stand_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o beech_n some_o with_o oak_n some_o with_o hornebeane_a and_o many_o with_o maple_n hazel_n and_o thorn_n all_o which_o be_v no_o prove_v wood_n for_o fire_n i_o never_o meet_v with_o any_o but_o they_o approve_v that_o ash_n sallow_a or_o willow_n do_v grow_v more_o in_o one_o year_n than_o any_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a wood_n will_v grow_v in_o two_o and_o elm_n and_o which_o be_v not_o much_o inferior_a to_o the_o ash_n in_o growth_n so_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o if_o all_o man_n will_v furnish_v their_o spring_n with_o those_o kind_n of_o wood_n and_o cut_v away_o all_o the_o underling_n at_o 3_o year_n growth_n when_o the_o wood_n will_v be_v worth_a the_o labour_n no_o man_n will_v stock_n or_o grub_n up_o wood_n as_o they_o do_v except_o it_o be_v into_o row_n and_o that_o all_o those_o kind_n of_o wood_n will_v grow_v and_o prosper_v be_v preserve_v and_o maintain_v no_o man_n will_v make_v doubt_n in_o regard_n that_o both_o reason_n &_o experience_n make_v proof_n thereof_o and_o where_o those_o kind_n of_o wood_n grow_v not_o so_o thick_a approve_o some_o being_n plash_v from_o the_o root_n of_o they_o that_o grow_v be_v shred_v and_o a_o little_a of_o the_o top_n cut_v off_o and_o lay_v three_o finger_n deep_a in_o trench_n and_o cover_v with_o earth_n will_v grow_v and_o prosper_v and_o that_o every_o bush_n will_v breed_v a_o tree_n the_o mean_n be_v set_v rather_o of_o a_o young_a plant_n that_o may_v be_v raise_v by_o nursery_n then_o by_o the_o other_o mean_v before_o set_v down_o in_o regard_n that_o i_o find_v all_o kind_n of_o mast_n subject_a to_o mouse_n and_o other_o vermin_n it_o be_v apparent_a in_o all_o forest_n chace_n park_n and_o commons_o enclose_a ground_n hedge_n and_o highway_n side_n by_o the_o bush_n that_o grow_v about_o many_o tree_n both_o old_a and_o young_a and_o many_o there_o be_v that_o confess_v all_o this_o to_o be_v true_a by_o experience_n that_o little_o observe_v their_o own_o experience_n thus_o by_o his_o majesty_n favour_n and_o bounty_n together_o with_o the_o bounty_n and_o good_a instruction_n that_o i_o receive_v from_o the_o worthy_a commonwealth_n man_n i_o hold_v myself_o bind_v in_o conscience_n not_o only_o to_o seek_v all_o experience_n that_o may_v tend_v to_o this_o business_n but_o likewise_o to_o put_v all_o man_n in_o mind_n thereof_o to_o the_o end_n that_o if_o sea-cole_n shall_v decay_v good_a take-heede_n come_v not_o too_o late_o the_o premise_n consider_v it_o be_v general_o hope_v that_o some_o good_a course_n will_v be_v take_v to_o prevent_v so_o great_a a_o inconvenience_n thus_o with_o a_o honest_a intention_n for_o the_o public_a good_a of_o this_o kingdom_n the_o content_a of_o his_o majesty_n and_o all_o good_a man_n i_o conclude_v leave_v the_o success_n to_o god_n who_o be_v the_o director_n of_o man_n heart_n to_o all_o good_a office_n finis_fw-la
for_o thick_a than_o a_o foot_n asunder_o be_v needless_a for_o they_o to_o be_v lay_v the_o other_o row_n will_v be_v yearly_a shred_v and_o keep_v with_o small_a top_n the_o lesser_a to_o hurt_v the_o fence_n so_o lay_v and_o some_o of_o they_o be_v to_o be_v bind_v into_o the_o fence_n so_o lay_v to_o stand_v three_o or_o four_o year_n for_o stake_n so_o as_o those_o that_o be_v thus_o bind_v down_o after_o two_o or_o three_o year_n will_v continue_v so_o and_o lie_v as_o rail_n and_o if_o cattle_n be_v keep_v from_o the_o browse_n of_o they_o but_o a_o year_n the_o bough_n will_v spring_v forth_o of_o the_o knot_n so_o as_o the_o fence_n will_v be_v both_o thick_a and_o strong_a and_o much_o the_o strong_a by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o other_o row_n which_o after_o the_o fence_n of_o itself_o be_v grow_v strong_a may_v be_v fell_v and_o employ_v to_o other_o use_n this_o in_o common_a reason_n as_o i_o say_v before_o can_v but_o in_o ten_o or_o twelve_o year_n be_v a_o strong_a fence_n than_o any_o pale_a and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n strong_a than_o any_o wall_n and_o long_o last_v without_o further_a charge_n and_o this_o for_o experience_n in_o part_n may_v be_v see_v in_o all_o wood-land_n country_n especial_o in_o fence_n about_o wood_n where_o it_o be_v to_o be_v see_v that_o for_o want_v of_o thorn_n in_o many_o place_n all_o kind_n of_o wood_n be_v plash_v and_o thus_o lay_v which_o in_o some_o place_n have_v lie_v so_o long_o as_o they_o be_v grow_v so_o great_a that_o they_o be_v incorporate_v one_o into_o another_o notwithstanding_o like_v very_o well_o and_o yield_v much_o firewood_n by_o lop_n off_o the_o top_n and_o bough_n that_o be_v grow_v forth_o of_o they_o so_o lie_v and_o as_o in_o this_o so_o in_o other_o thing_n by_o experience_n i_o write_v of_o that_o which_o my_o eye_n have_v see_v in_o many_o place_n for_o two_o or_o three_o pole_n together_o where_o there_o have_v be_v five_o or_o six_o head_n grow_v out_o of_o one_o tree_n so_o lay_v and_o for_o the_o better_a proof_n hereof_o i_o have_v also_o see_v as_o i_o have_v ride_v by_o the_o way_n in_o a_o orchard_n in_o little_a waltham_n in_o essex_n four_o mile_n at_o the_o most_o from_o chelmsford_n a_o apple_n tree_n that_o be_v blow_v down_o many_o year_n since_o which_o lie_v close_o to_o the_o ground_n the_o root_n have_v some_o small_a hold_n in_o the_o ground_n which_o have_v put_v forth_o of_o the_o body_n so_o lie_v five_o tree_n at_o the_o least_o which_o be_v so_o nourish_v as_o they_o bear_v fruit_n i_o have_v also_o see_v in_o a_o town_n within_o two_o mile_n of_o stone_n in_o stafford_n shire_n in_o a_o ground_n of_o master_n ratliffes_n a_o peartree_n that_o be_v likewise_o blow_v down_o big_a than_o a_o fathom_n about_o that_o stand_v in_o a_o hedge_n which_o tree_n lie_v a_o yard_n from_o the_o ground_n be_v stay_v so_o by_o two_o bough_n that_o stick_v in_o the_o ground_n which_o have_v so_o take_v root_n as_o thereby_o with_o the_o help_n especial_o of_o some_o part_n of_o the_o root_n that_o it_o have_v also_o put_v forth_o and_o nourish_v five_o tree_n as_o big_a as_o the_o calf_n of_o a_o man_n leg_n which_o grow_v a_o yard_n one_o from_o another_o whereby_o it_o may_v the_o better_o appear_v that_o this_o kind_n of_o fence_v may_v be_v perform_v not_o only_o with_o wood_n but_o also_o with_o apple_n and_o peartree_n if_o need_v require_v with_o such_o as_o like_v thereof_o to_o the_o good_a of_o themselves_o and_o commonwealth_n another_o kind_n of_o fence_v there_o be_v that_o many_o do_v like_o better_a of_o than_o the_o lay_n of_o the_o wood_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a which_o by_o experience_n may_v be_v perform_v by_o let_v the_o plant_n grow_v and_o never_o to_o lay_v they_o but_o yearly_a to_o shred_v the_o twig_n of_o the_o one_o row_n that_o after_o be_v to_o be_v fell_v so_o as_o they_o may_v be_v keep_v with_o small_a top_n the_o less_o to_o hurt_v those_o that_o be_v to_o remain_v for_o the_o fence_n which_o row_n that_o be_v to_o stand_v for_o the_o fence_n will_v be_v top_v at_o sixteen_o or_o twenty_o year_n growth_n fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o foot_n high_a from_o the_o ground_n and_o again_o after_o eight_o year_n and_o then_o for_o the_o better_a increase_n of_o firewood_n they_o will_v be_v so_o lop_v as_o there_o may_v be_v as_o well_o three_o head_n of_o a_o tree_n as_o one_o and_o every_o head_n to_o yield_v as_o much_o wood_n as_o if_o there_o be_v but_o one_o head_n of_o the_o tree_n if_o when_o the_o workman_n do_v top_n a_o tree_n he_o will_v top_v it_o where_o the_o tree_n put_v forth_o most_o bough_n within_o three_o inch_n above_o the_o knotty_a place_n of_o the_o tree_n not_o too_o flat_a as_o many_o workman_n do_v but_o slope_v the_o less_o to_o take_v water_n for_o the_o rot_v of_o the_o tree_n at_o which_o second_o lop_n all_o the_o bough_n will_v be_v lop_v off_o close_o to_o the_o head_n of_o the_o tree_n but_o only_o three_o of_o the_o great_a the_o one_o that_o grow_v direct_o up_o to_o be_v top_v half_o a_o yard_n above_o the_o head_n of_o a_o tree_n the_o other_o two_o will_v be_v of_o those_o that_o grow_v outward_a from_o either_o side_n of_o the_o tree_n from_o the_o rowe-ward_n the_o less_o to_o hurt_v the_o row_n by_o drop_v which_o two_o will_v be_v lop_v four_o foot_n off_o from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n by_o which_o mean_n as_o well_o from_o this_o as_o from_o the_o other_o kind_n of_o fence_v there_o may_v be_v lop_v from_o a_o park_n of_o four_o mile_n pale_a yearly_a after_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n two_o furlong_n of_o sixteen_o year_n grow_v and_o as_o in_o every_o pole_n there_o be_v sixteen_o let_v to_o grow_v so_o there_o be_v sixteen_o to_o be_v yearly_a lop_v which_o be_v husband_v as_o aforesaid_a will_v yield_v eight_o and_o forty_o head_n whereas_o if_o they_o shall_v have_v but_o one_o head_n a_o piece_n as_o they_o have_v three_o can_v not_o yield_v less_o than_o three_o load_n of_o wood_n in_o a_o pole_n of_o sixteen_o year_n grow_v worth_a to_o be_v sell_v two_o shilling_n six_o penny_n the_o load_n arise_v to_o ten_o pound_n a_o year_n the_o timber_n for_o pale_v and_o workmanship_n yearly_a save_v which_o can_v not_o be_v less_o worth_a than_o six_o pound_n which_o timber_n be_v more_o than_o needful_a to_o he_o save_v beside_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o browse_n for_o decree_n mast_n for_o hog_n and_o bark_v for_o the_o tan_v of_o leather_n which_o will_v arise_v to_o be_v much_o worth_n if_o the_o wood_n may_v grow_v until_o it_o be_v twenty_o or_o four_o and_o twenty_o year_n old_a which_o then_o will_v also_o yield_v many_o good_a spar_v for_o the_o build_n of_o outhouse_n and_o cottage_n with_o good_a store_n of_o work_n for_o poor_a labour_a man_n by_o lop_n and_o faggote_v the_o wood_n this_o direction_n be_v very_o profitable_a to_o be_v use_v about_o spring-wood_n when_o they_o fall_v their_o wood_n and_o make_v their_o hedge_n so_o as_o it_o may_v be_v make_v once_o for_o ever_o to_o great_a profit_n what_o reason_n any_o man_n have_v to_o omit_v this_o i_o leave_v to_o be_v censure_v by_o the_o discreet_a reader_n for_o the_o increase_n of_o firewood_n by_o the_o lop_n of_o tree_n for_o the_o better_a increase_v of_o wood_n by_o lop_n of_o tree_n experience_n will_v teach_v all_o man_n to_o know_v that_o will_v observe_v it_o as_o he_o ride_v on_o the_o way_n in_o every_o country_n especial_o in_o cheshire_n near_o unto_o the_o wiche_n where_o salt_n be_v make_v and_o much_o wood_n be_v spend_v by_o the_o boil_a thereof_o that_o every_o tree_n will_v as_o well_o yield_v five_o or_o six_o head_n as_o one_o if_o workman_n when_o they_o lop_v tree_n will_v observe_v the_o direction_n before_o set_v down_o for_o the_o top_v and_o lop_n of_o tree_n about_o park_n and_o in_o hedge_n for_o the_o increase_n of_o firewood_n in_o hedge-rowe_n between_o decay_a tree_n the_o best_a remedy_n be_v that_o when_o such_o tree_n decay_v and_o have_v lop-wood_n on_o they_o of_o the_o age_n of_o ten_o or_o twelve_o year_n within_o a_o week_n of_o the_o first_o day_n of_o august_n or_o within_o a_o week_n after_o when_o the_o sap_n be_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tree_n to_o set_v a_o discreet_a workman_n into_o the_o tree_n and_o there_o with_o a_o sharp_a knife_n to_o cut_v off_o close_o to_o the_o head_n of_o the_o tree_n all_o the_o bark_n a_o hand_n broad_a that_o grow_v upon_o the_o principal_a bough_n that_o be_v like_a to_o make_v tree_n so_o clean_o that_o he_o leave_v not_o the_o breadth_n of_o
new_a direction_n of_o experience_n to_o the_o commons_z complaint_n by_o the_o encouragement_n of_o the_o king_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n as_o may_v appear_v for_o the_o plant_n of_o timber_n and_o firewood_n with_o a_o near_a estimation_n what_o million_o of_o acre_n the_o kingdom_n do_v contain_v what_o acre_n be_v waste_v ground_n whereon_o little_a profit_n for_o this_o purpose_n will_v arise_v what_o million_o have_v be_v wood_n and_o bushy_n ground_n what_o acre_n be_v wood_n and_o in_o how_o many_o acre_n so_o much_o timber_n will_v be_v contain_v as_o will_v maintain_v the_o kingdom_n for_o all_o use_n for_o ever_o and_o how_o as_o great_a store_n of_o firewood_n may_v be_v raise_v as_o may_v plentiful_o maintain_v the_o kingdom_n for_o all_o purpose_n without_o loss_n of_o ground_n so_o as_o within_o thirty_o year_n all_o spring-wood_n may_v be_v convert_v to_o tillage_n and_o pasture_n invent_v by_o arthur_n standish_n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la mdcxiii_o i_o r_o honi_fw-fr soit_fw-fr qvi_fw-fr mal_fw-fr y_fw-fr pense_fw-fr by_o the_o king_n to_o all_o nobleman_n gentleman_n and_o other_o our_o love_a subject_n to_o who_o it_o may_v appertain_v whereas_o arthur_n standish_n gentleman_n have_v take_v much_o pain_n and_o be_v at_o great_a charge_n in_o compose_v and_o publish_v in_o a_o book_n some_o project_n for_o the_o increase_n of_o wood_n the_o decay_n whereof_o in_o this_o realm_n be_v universal_o complain_v of_o and_o therefore_o we_o will_v be_v glad_a that_o any_o invention_n may_v further_o the_o restore_n thereof_o we_o have_v therefore_o be_v please_v to_o give_v allowance_n to_o this_o book_n and_o to_o the_o print_n thereof_o and_o if_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v willing_o receive_v of_o the_o gentleman_n and_o other_o of_o ability_n who_o have_v ground_n fit_v for_o his_o project_n it_o shall_v much_o content_v we_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o such_o as_o shall_v think_v good_a to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o book_n will_v deal_v worthy_o with_o he_o for_o his_o pain_n and_o we_o be_v also_o please_v for_o the_o better_a encouragement_n of_o the_o say_a standish_n hereby_o to_o declare_v that_o our_o pleasure_n be_v that_o no_o person_n or_o person_n whatsoever_o shall_v print_v any_o of_o the_o say_a book_n but_o for_o and_o to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o say_a standish_n and_o none_o other_o give_v under_o our_o signet_n at_o andever_n the_o first_o day_n of_o august_n in_o the_o nine_o year_n of_o our_o reign_n of_o england_n france_n and_o ireland_n and_o of_o scotland_n the_o five_o and_o forty_o god_n save_o the_o king_n new_a direction_n for_o the_o plant_n of_o wood_n by_o arthur_n standish_n whereas_o it_o please_v the_o king_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n forth_o of_o his_o princely_a respect_n for_o the_o better_a repair_n of_o the_o ruin_n of_o this_o kingdom_n for_o the_o good_a of_o every_o particular_a person_n the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o the_o preserve_n and_o maintain_v of_o the_o same_o for_o all_o posterity_n to_o give_v allowance_n to_o the_o print_n and_o publish_v of_o the_o book_n that_o i_o present_v unto_o his_o majesty_n principal_o concern_v the_o plant_n and_o preserve_v of_o wood_n as_o have_v and_o do_v appear_v to_o all_o man_n whereby_o i_o be_o the_o better_o animate_v by_o his_o majesty_n and_o many_o other_o good_a man_n to_o persevere_v in_o so_o needful_a and_o more_o than_o necessary_a business_n and_o to_o apply_v my_o whole_a endeavour_n to_o seek_v out_o all_o possible_a mean_n that_o may_v be_v find_v to_o effect_v the_o same_o with_o the_o least_o charge_n &_o loss_n of_o ground_n the_o better_a to_o encourage_v all_o his_o love_a subject_n thereunto_o by_o mean_n whereof_o together_o with_o the_o daily_a conference_n that_o i_o have_v with_o many_o of_o the_o better_a sort_n and_o oft_o for_o this_o purpose_n with_o husbandman_n and_o workman_n who_o for_o the_o most_o part_n have_v best_a experience_n in_o this_o business_n be_v loath_a to_o write_v more_o than_o by_o my_o own_o eyesight_n i_o know_v to_o be_v true_a further_o seek_v to_o know_v the_o opinion_n and_o experience_n of_o many_o understanding_n and_o good_a commonwealth_n man_n to_o several_a end_n and_o have_v conference_n with_o some_o skilful_a surveyor_n of_o land_n and_o such_o as_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o know_v the_o number_n of_o acre_n that_o be_v contain_v in_o this_o kingdom_n thus_o observe_v what_o i_o hear_v or_o see_v tend_v to_o any_o public_a good_a especial_o for_o this_o business_n i_o attain_v to_o a_o near_a estimation_n what_o acre_n the_o kingdom_n do_v contain_v what_o acre_n will_v plentiful_o supply_v all_o want_n and_o maintain_v the_o kingdom_n for_o ever_o be_v plant_v and_o preserve_v as_o follow_v and_o how_o as_o great_a store_n of_o firewood_n may_v be_v raise_v be_v maintain_v as_o may_v plentiful_o maintain_v the_o kingdom_n for_o all_o purpose_n aswell_o for_o the_o make_n of_o iron_n and_o all_o other_o metal_n that_o the_o kingdom_n do_v afford_v for_o ever_o so_o far_o from_o the_o loss_n or_o hurt_n to_o land_n as_o it_o may_v rather_o great_o better_a and_o improve_v it_o first_o it_o be_v general_o decree_v by_o all_o surveyor_n that_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n contain_v nine_o and_o twenty_o million_o five_o hundred_o sixty_o eight_o thousand_o acre_n or_o near_o thereabouts_o whereof_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o there_o be_v four_o million_o and_o all_o the_o odd_a thousand_o waste_n that_o yield_v little_a or_o no_o profit_n at_o all_o and_o that_o there_o have_v be_v within_o a_o hundred_o year_n last_o pass_v four_o million_o of_o wood_n and_o bushy_a ground_n that_o yield_v little_a profit_n but_o wood_n and_o bush_n over_o and_o above_o park_n forest_n and_o chase_n forth_o of_o which_o twenty_o nine_o million_o and_o the_o odd_a thousand_o the_o waste_v be_v deduct_v which_o in_o effect_n be_v five_o million_o the_o remainder_n be_v five_o and_o twenty_o million_o whereon_o wood_n have_v do_v or_o will_v grow_v if_o it_o be_v plant_v and_o preserve_v first_o for_o this_o purpose_n take_v forth_o of_o every_o thousand_o acre_n forty_o four_o acre_n enclose_v and_o plant_v the_o same_o according_a to_o the_o direction_n follow_v wheresoever_o it_o lie_v plant_v four_o acre_n of_o every_o forty_o four_o in_o row_n so_o as_o there_o may_v be_v contain_v in_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o acre_n so_o much_o timber_n as_o will_v plentiful_o serve_v the_o kingdom_n for_o all_o use_n every_o tree_n to_o be_v ten_o yard_n distant_a one_o from_o a_o other_o one_o way_n and_o three_o the_o other_o which_o can_v be_v no_o loss_n to_o such_o as_o shall_v plant_v neither_o for_o their_o own_o use_n nor_o for_o such_o as_o want_v ground_n to_o plant_v on_o in_o respect_n that_o such_o as_o want_v must_v be_v constrain_v to_o buy_v of_o such_o as_o have_v to_o sell_v which_o be_v so_o far_o from_o the_o loss_n of_o any_o as_o it_o will_v be_v for_o their_o great_a profit_n for_o after_o twenty_o year_n the_o forty_o acre_n will_v yield_v much_o more_o profit_n either_o in_o corn_n or_o grass_n then_o the_o four_o and_o forty_o do_v before_o over_o and_o above_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o timber_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n little_a or_o no_o loss_n the_o like_a plant_n for_o firewood_n may_v be_v make_v in_o row_n as_o shall_v appear_v but_o it_o be_v altogether_o needless_a for_o the_o very_a hedge_n be_v plant_v and_o make_v as_o after_o follow_v will_v yield_v firewood_n plentiful_o for_o all_o use_n as_o by_o experience_n shall_v appear_v so_o as_o within_o thirty_o year_n it_o may_v be_v more_o than_o needful_a to_o have_v any_o copy_n or_o spring-wood_n at_o all_o but_o that_o all_o wood-land_n may_v be_v convert_v to_o tillage_n or_o pasture_n to_o the_o particular_a good_a of_o the_o owner_n and_o common_a wealth_n further_o show_v in_o particular_a what_o public_a good_a may_v arise_v thereby_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o be_v very_o convenient_a that_o the_o stocking_n up_o of_o wood_n be_v prevent_v except_o they_o be_v stock_v up_o into_o row_n for_o it_o be_v general_o conceive_v that_o within_o a_o very_a few_o year_n there_o will_v be_v little_a or_o no_o wood_n leave_v for_o any_o use_n the_o stocking_n &_o stub_n be_v so_o great_a notwithstanding_o the_o law_n provide_v by_o the_o worthy_a king_n of_o famous_a memory_n henry_n the_o eight_o for_o the_o preserve_n of_o wood_n which_o law_n have_v be_v from_o time_n to_o time_n continue_v and_o be_v still_o in_o force_n and_o have_v be_v most_o earnest_o call_v upon_o by_o the_o king_n majesty_n ever_o since_o his_o come_n to_o this_o kingdom_n especial_o at_o every_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n where_o he_o have_v not_o only_o require_v the_o continuance_n thereof_o but_o also_o most_o earnest_o give_v