that_o must_v be_v spread_v upon_o it_o that_o the_o root_n may_v have_v the_o more_o liberty_n to_o spread_v backward_o fill_v up_o the_o hole_n with_o the_o mould_n and_o use_v all_o diligence_n to_o place_v the_o root_n of_o your_o tree_n in_o the_o same_o posture_n they_o be_v in_o before_o you_o remove_v it_o if_o the_o tree_n be_v young_a and_o the_o root_n slender_a this_o can_v be_v perform_v no_o way_n but_o by_o throw_v in_o a_o little_a soil_n at_o a_o time_n and_o then_o raise_v up_o with_o your_o hand_n such_o root_n as_o be_v press_v down_o by_o it_o below_o their_o proper_a situation_n spread_v they_o on_o the_o soil_n you_o have_v cast_v in_o and_o then_o throw_v in_o more_o and_o order_v the_o root_n as_o before_o so_o continue_v to_o do_v till_o you_o have_v fill_v up_o the_o hole_n old_a tree_n with_o sturdy_a root_n do_v not_o require_v so_o much_o curiosity_n but_o you_o must_v be_v sure_a that_o the_o mould_n lie_v close_o under_o betwixt_o and_o among_o the_o root_n if_o the_o soil_n be_v light_n you_o must_v press_v it_o down_o gentle_o with_o your_o foot_n then_o cover_v they_o half_o a_o yard_n about_o with_o fearn_n or_o straw_n or_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v not_o very_o rich_a with_o dung_n 〈◊〉_d 〈…〉_o the_o 〈◊〉_d sect._n 4._o every_o year_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o prune_v and_o nail_v they_o to_o the_o wall_n twice_o or_o thrice_o according_a as_o they_o grow_v more_o or_o less_o wherein_o you_o must_v observe_v to_o bend_v down_o the_o strong_a shoot_n that_o will_v grow_v upward_o towards_o the_o side_n otherwise_o they_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o run_v straight_o upward_o and_o not_o cover_v the_o space_n you_o design_n for_o they_o and_o by_o their_o luxurious_a growth_n will_v extreme_o rob_v the_o side_n branch_n of_o their_o nourishment_n there_o will_v branch_n enough_o spring_v out_o fresh_a to_o run_v upward_o out_o of_o they_o when_o they_o be_v so_o bow_v cut_a off_o such_o as_o grow_v direct_o outward_a close_a to_o the_o body_n if_o you_o cut_v a_o part_n of_o any_o branch_n off_o do_v it_o at_o a_o bud_n that_o the_o cut_n may_v be_v cover_v with_o a_o fresh_a sprig_n lay_v none_o across_o or_o under_o one_o another_o but_o let_v they_o spread_v as_o the_o finger_n of_o your_o hand_n when_o it_o be_v expanded_a the_o winter_n prune_v may_v be_v do_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o fruit_n and_o leaf_n be_v fall_v or_o any_o time_n before_o february_n except_o nectarine_n and_o peach_n which_o be_v apt_a to_o die_v if_o prune_v before_o the_o sap_n rise_v mr._n rea_n say_v the_o best_a time_n to_o prune_n they_o be_v after_o they_o flower_n shread_n of_o woollen-cloth_n be_v the_o best_a thing_n to_o nail_v they_o up_o with_o some_o use_v gentle_a leather_n or_o a_o old_a hat_n any_o of_o these_o may_v serve_v turn_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o sect._n 5._o sometime_o in_o the_o winter_n after_o two_o or_o three_o year_n if_o the_o soil_v the_o root_n be_v to_o spread_v into_o be_v not_o rich_a enough_o open_v the_o ground_n at_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o hole_n you_o make_v at_o set_v as_o near_o round_o about_o as_o the_o wall_n will_v permit_v if_o you_o find_v no_o root_n bare_a let_v it_o lie_v open_v a_o month_n and_o then_o sill_z it_o up_o with_o the_o earth_n that_o come_v forth_o well_o mix_v with_o such_o a_o manure_n as_o suit_n with_o it_o soil_n amenling_n soil_n sect._n 6._o where_o the_o natural_a soil_n be_v not_o good_a enough_o of_o itself_o whether_o it_o be_v in_o garden_n orchard_n or_o field_n there_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v by_o skill_n assist_v and_o better_v at_o leastwise_o for_o such_o a_o compass_n as_o the_o root_n of_o every_o tree_n take_v up_o for_o some_o time_n if_o not_o so_o far_o round_o as_o they_o be_v ever_o like_a to_o extend_v themselves_o and_o this_o must_v be_v do_v by_o mix_v such_o manure_n with_o the_o soil_n as_o suit_n best_o with_o its_o temper_n if_o the_o soil_n be_v clay_n or_o clay_n mix_v with_o gravel_n or_o wet_a heavy_a land_n hot_a dung_n as_o that_o of_o horse_n or_o poultry_n be_v best_a to_o mix_v with_o it_o to_o bring_v it_o to_o a_o due_a temperament_n and_o if_o the_o soil_n be_v a_o light_n hollow_a eskie_a or_o sandy_a land_n marle_n mud_n our_o of_o a_o pond_n or_o river_n or_o shovellingâ—_n of_o dirty_a yard_n or_o highway_n if_o they_o be_v not_o sandy_a and_o be_v well_o mellow_v by_o lie_v on_o heap_n and_o especial_o if_o those_o heap_n be_v mix_v with_o lime_n be_v proper_a to_o mend_v it_o if_o this_o last_o soil_n be_v barren_a likewise_o you_o may_v proper_o add_v a_o mixture_n of_o neats-dung_n if_o your_o land_n be_v too_o rich_a which_o be_v seldom_o see_v you_o may_v mix_v coal_n ash_n with_o it_o i_o have_v see_v a_o appletree_n on_o a_o hemp-but_a which_o be_v constant_o plough_v and_o manure_v to_o a_o great_a richness_n bear_v more_o apple_n than_o four_o such_o tree_n in_o a_o orchard_n will_v do_v and_o it_o be_v constant_o see_v in_o barren_a hungry_a land_n tree_n thrive_v poor_o grow_v mossey_n or_o bark-bound_a bear_v very_o little_a and_o that_o a_o very_a poor_a fruit._n only_o walnut-tree_n and_o pear-tree_n do_v not_o necessary_o require_v a_o very_a rich_a ground_n and_o will_v prosper_v best_a on_o stony_a and_o light_a land_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o sect._n 7._o when_o your_o wall-tree_n be_v grow_v old_a and_o full_a of_o big_a wood_n you_o may_v in_o three_o or_o four_o year_n time_n renew_v they_o by_o cut_v out_o some_o of_o the_o big_a stem_n or_o bough_n yearly_a cut_v each_o branch_n off_o at_o some_o small_a twig_n if_o it_o may_v be_v that_o either_o it_o or_o a_o fresh_a branch_n may_v grow_v over_o the_o cut_a place_n which_o must_v be_v keep_v cover_v with_o clay_n and_o so_o go_v on_o yearly_o till_o all_o the_o big_a wood_n be_v cut_v out_o or_o if_o you_o dislike_v the_o kind_n of_o fruit_n you_o may_v inoculate_v or_o graff_n the_o bough_n with_o a_o better_a sort_n of_o fruit_n but_o not_o all_o in_o one_o year_n but_o some_o one_o and_o some_o another_o by_o either_o of_o these_o way_n you_o may_v renew_v a_o decay_a tree_n and_o keep_v your_o wall_n almost_o still_o furnish_v with_o less_o trouble_n and_o charge_n or_o loss_n of_o time_n than_o by_o take_v up_o the_o old_a one_o and_o plant_v a_o young_a one_o in_o its_o stead_n wall_n appropriate_v fruit_n to_o wall_n sect._n 8._o in_o furnish_v your_o wall_n with_o fruit-tree_n observe_v always_o to_o plant_v peach_n and_o nectarine_n up_o to_o the_o wall_n that_o be_v most_o southward_o the_o east_n wall_n be_v to_o be_v allot_v to_o apricock_n carly_a cherry_n and_o the_o choice_a plum_n the_o west_n may_v be_v set_v with_o pear_n cherry_n and_o plum_n some_o of_o the_o course_v pear_n and_o plum_n you_o may_v set_v to_o the_o north_n wall_n both_o to_o cover_v the_o wall_n handsome_o and_o many_o year_n they_o will_v bear_v as_o well_o on_o it_o as_o on_o standard_n especial_o if_o your_o wall_n stand_v not_o direct_o north_n but_o so_o as_o to_o have_v some_o considerable_a benefit_n of_o the_o sun_n nut-tree_n likewise_o be_v proper_a for_o this_o wall_n and_o will_v prosper_v well_o up_o to_o it_o if_o your_o conveniency_n will_v allow_v it_o and_o you_o be_v to_o build_v a_o new_a wall_n it_o be_v much_o better_a to_o have_v your_o garden_n wall_n not_o stand_v direct_o towards_o the_o four_o point_n than_o otherwise_o and_o then_o the_o worst_a wall_n will_v be_v much_o better_a and_o the_o best_a good_a enough_o for_o your_o purpose_n as_o thus_o the_o east-wall_n to_o incline_v to_o the_o south_n the_o south_n to_o the_o west_n the_o west_n to_o the_o north_n the_o north_n to_o the_o east_n or_o contrary_a but_o not_o so_o well_o in_o the_o first_o way_n the_o two_o first_o wall_n will_v be_v extraordinary_a good_a and_o the_o two_o late_a good_a enough_o for_o ordinary_a fruit._n wall_n make_v a_o wall_n sect._n 9_o in_o build_v a_o new_a wall_n it_o will_v be_v very_o advantageous_a to_o make_v it_o with_o half_a round_n each_o semicircle_n be_v eight_o yard_n round_o in_o the_o inside_n and_o about_o six_o yard_n in_o the_o face_n or_o diameter_n each_o take_n two_o tree_n and_o betwixt_o every_o half_a round_n let_v there_o be_v two_o foot_n breadth_n of_o plain_a wall_v where_o you_o may_v place_v a_o flowerpot_n on_o a_o pillar_n two_o soot_n high_a or_o plant_v a_o vine_n to_o run_v up_o it_o which_o every_o summer_n you_o may_v let_v spread_v itself_o a_o little_a into_o the_o half_a round_n on_o each_o side_n it_o i_o know_v a_o honourable_a gentleman_n in_o somewhat_o a_o cold_a country_n that_o have_v his_o garden_n wall_n so_o make_v and_o his_o
a_o year_n time_n and_o more_o choose_v such_o sucker_n as_o grow_v at_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o old_a tree_n dwarf_n order_v the_o head_n of_o dwarf_n sect._n 9_o in_o graft_n or_o inoculate_v stock_n for_o dwarf-tree_n observe_v to_o do_v it_o as_o low_a as_o you_o well_o can_v with_o two_o cyen_n and_o those_o long_o than_o in_o graft_n for_o large_a standard_n that_o they_o may_v spread_v from_o the_o ground_n and_o after_o they_o be_v grow_v two_o or_o three_o year_n in_o the_o place_n they_o be_v to_o stand_v in_o to_o make_v they_o spread_v and_o to_o keep_v the_o bough_n outward_a you_o may_v tie_v a_o old_a hoop_n of_o a_o barrel_n or_o some_o such_o thing_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o branch_n to_o bear_v they_o a_o good_a distance_n one_o from_o another_o but_o if_o one_o branch_n be_v much_o strong_a or_o more_o incline_v to_o grow_v upright_o than_o the_o rest_n than_o you_o may_v drive_v a_o stake_n into_o the_o ground_n and_o tie_v the_o sturdy_a one_o down_o to_o it_o if_o you_o cut_v the_o bark_n crosswise_o in_o several_a place_n on_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o branch_n when_o they_o be_v place_v as_o you_o will_v have_v they_o it_o will_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o make_v they_o more_o willing_a to_o continue_v in_o that_o order_n of_o their_o own_o accord_n after_o some_o year_n growth_n if_o any_o one_o branch_n shoot_v out_o much_o further_a than_o the_o other_o cut_v off_o its_o top_n to_o keep_v it_o even_o with_o the_o rest_n and_o yearly_o cut_v much_o off_o especial_o new_a shoot_v that_o grow_v direct_o upward_o after_o they_o be_v grow_v to_o that_o height_n you_o design_v they_o to_o be_v of_o which_o may_v be_v about_o a_o yard_n and_o a_o half_a cut_n tree_n of_o cut_n sect._n 10._o have_v direct_v how_o to_o raise_v kentish-codling_n gennet-moil_n quince_n or_o any_o that_o grow_v of_o cut_n for_o stock_n i_o need_v give_v no_o other_o rule_n for_o raise_v tree_n or_o hedge_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o fruit_n only_o you_o need_v not_o cut_v they_o so_o short_a as_o you_o do_v for_o stock_n i_o have_v see_v codling_n graff_v on_o crab-stock_n and_o set_v in_o a_o garden_n but_o i_o think_v it_o will_v increase_v their_o growth_n because_o crab-stock_n have_v great_a root_n and_o will_v yield_v they_o more_o plenty_n of_o nourishment_n than_o root_n of_o their_o own_o put_v forth_o when_o they_o be_v raise_v by_o cut_n other_o graff_n gennet-moil_n on_o crab-stock_n and_o they_o thrive_v well_o and_o bear_v a_o large_a and_o some_o think_v a_o better_a fruit_n than_o those_o tree_n of_o that_o kind_n raise_v by_o cut_n i_o have_v graff_v several_a of_o they_o in_o rough_a and_o woody_a ground_n which_o have_v grow_v with_o very_o strong_a shoot_n and_o cover_v the_o stock_n very_o soon_o chap._n x._o of_o plant_v a_o orchard_n sect_n 1._o so_o far_o as_o it_o lie_v in_o a_o man_n power_n to_o choose_v a_o plot_n of_o ground_n for_o his_o orchard_n ground_n choice_n of_o ground_n he_o ought_v to_o do_v it_o with_o respect_n to_o these_o advantage_n it_o shall_v lie_v convenient_o near_o he_o decline_v and_o lie_v open_a towards_o the_o south_n southeast_n or_o south-west_n and_o defend_v from_o the_o north_n north-east_n and_o north-west_n wind_n by_o building_n wood_n or_o high_a ground_n the_o land_n shall_v rather_o incline_v to_o dryness_n than_o moisture_n without_o spring_n the_o soil_v deep_a and_o a_o fat_a earth_n not_o a_o stiff_a cold_a clay_n or_o bind_v gravel_n nor_o a_o light_n sandy_a or_o eskie_a hollow_a earth_n yet_o with_o good_a husbandry_n if_o it_o run_v not_o into_o the_o extreme_n of_o any_o of_o these_o fruit-tree_n may_v prosper_v reasonable_a well_o in_o it_o a._n the_o erder_n of_o tree_n in_o the_o orchard_n b._n the_o garden_n wall_n c._n the_o chissell_n d._n the_o ladder_n e._n the_o instrument_n to_o graft_v in_o the_o bark_v with_o ground_n to_o qualify_v ground_n sect._n 2._o if_o the_o land_n you_o intend_v for_o it_o be_v a_o turf_n or_o green-sward_a you_o will_v do_v well_o to_o plough_v it_o two_o year_n before_o you_o set_v your_o tree_n in_o it_o to_o make_v it_o mellow_a and_o loose_a that_o the_o tree_n may_v the_o better_o take_v root_n and_o you_o may_v then_o lay_v on_o manure_n which_o by_o plough_v will_v be_v well_o mix_v with_o the_o natural_a soil_n and_o use_v such_o manure_n as_o will_v best_o suit_v to_o amend_v it_o according_a to_o what_o you_o have_v hear_v before_o in_o the_o 8_o chap._n sect._n the_o 6_o if_o your_o land_n lie_v very_o flat_a that_o wet_a be_v apt_a to_o stand_v upon_o it_o or_o be_v a_o shallow_a soil_n you_o may_v something_o help_v it_o in_o plough_v also_o by_o gather_v the_o land_n always_o up_o in_o and_o near_o the_o place_n where_o you_o intend_v the_o row_n of_o tree_n shall_v afterward_o stand_v which_o in_o two_o year_n time_n will_v something_o raise_v it_o and_o thicken_v the_o soil_n and_o the_o reanes_n or_o furrow_n so_o make_v will_v help_v to_o carry_v off_o the_o water_n but_o if_o it_o be_v a_o springey_a land_n you_o must_v trench_v it_o at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o that_o deep_a than_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o spring_n run_v in_o the_o earth_n which_o you_o may_v leave_v open_a and_o yearly_o cleanse_v or_o fill_v it_o with_o ole_a bough_n and_o cover_v they_o with_o the_o turf_n and_o earth_n that_o come_v forth_o much_o high_a than_o the_o other_o land_n for_o the_o wood_n and_o loose_a earth_n will_v sink_v very_o much_o by_o degree_n if_o it_o be_v not_o springey_a but_o only_o lie_v so_o low_a and_o flat_a that_o in_o the_o winter_n rain_n or_o land-flood_n will_v lie_v upon_o it_o and_o that_o it_o have_v be_v late_o plough_v or_o that_o you_o will_v not_o lose_v two_o year_n time_n by_o plough_v it_o before_o you_o set_v your_o tree_n or_o if_o it_o be_v a_o shallow_a or_o ebb_a soil_n you_o have_v best_o set_v the_o tree_n by_o tump_v according_a to_o the_o direction_n in_o field-planting_a which_o you_o will_v find_v hereafter_o speak_v full_o to_o in_o its_o proper_a place_n ground_n of_o uneven_a ground_n sect._n 3_o if_o there_o be_v any_o unevenness_n in_o the_o land_n some_o direct_a to_o level_v it_o by_o carry_v the_o bank_n into_o low_a place_n but_o this_o will_v not_o only_o be_v very_o chargeable_a but_o hurtful_a by_o make_v the_o high_a place_n too_o barren_a and_o the_o low_a ground_n too_o rich_a but_o that_o your_o tree_n may_v grow_v somewhat_o level_a in_o their_o top_n and_o not_o one_o over-shade_n another_o and_o also_o appear_v comely_a you_o may_v forecast_v to_o set_v such_o tree_n as_o grow_v pendent_a or_o be_v not_o apt_a to_o grow_v tall_a tree_n on_o the_o high_a ground_n and_o such_o as_o be_v aspire_v in_o the_o low_a place_n it_o time_n and_o manner_n of_o plant_v it_o sect._n 4._o the_o best_a time_n to_o transplant_v into_o orchard_n be_v from_o the_o end_n of_o september_n to_o near_o the_o end_n of_o november_n the_o soon_o the_o better_a if_o the_o leaf_n be_v not_o all_o fall_v when_o you_o remove_v your_o tree_n pick_v they_o off_o if_o your_o tree_n be_v not_o very_o weak_a body_v prune_n they_o up_o leave_v three_o or_o four_o of_o the_o principal_a branch_n on_o the_o top_n that_o grow_v outward_a which_o shall_v be_v lop_v off_o almost_o a_o year_n growth_n but_o if_o they_o be_v weak_a lest_o the_o wind_n shall_v injure_v they_o by_o toss_v they_o you_o may_v top_v they_o low_o do_v it_o at_o a_o bud_n or_o small_a twig_n and_o in_o big_a tree_n cut_v the_o top_n almost_o all_o off_o and_o whensoever_o you_o transplant_v young_a tree_n cut_v off_o the_o end_n of_o all_o big_a root_n tree_n of_o removal_n of_o tree_n sect._n 5._o at_o three_o year_n end_n after_o graft_n in_o the_o nursery_n tree_n may_v be_v fit_a to_o be_v remove_v into_o a_o orchard_n especial_o if_o you_o plough_v or_o which_o be_v safe_o dig_v the_o orchard_n land_n and_o set_v bean_n and_o other_o kitchen-garden-stuff_n in_o it_o for_o some_o year_n but_o if_o it_o be_v such_o a_o piece_n of_o land_n that_o you_o graze_v than_o you_o must_v be_v sure_a their_o head_n be_v grow_v out_o of_o the_o reach_n of_o cattle_n before_o you_o set_v they_o there_o and_o you_o must_v fence_v they_o one_o of_o the_o way_n mention_v hereafter_o in_o the_o chapter_n of_o field-planting_a distance_n of_o distance_n sect._n 6._o the_o distance_n of_o tree_n in_o orchard_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v less_o than_o eight_o yard_n neither_o need_v it_o be_v more_o than_o thirteen_o or_o fourteen_o the_o rich_a the_o land_n be_v the_o great_a distance_n you_o ought_v to_o set_v the_o tree_n at_o from_o one_o another_o to_o which_o
you_o ought_v to_o have_v respect_n and_o also_o to_o the_o kind_n of_o fruit-tree_n you_o plant_v for_o some_o tree_n take_v up_o more_o room_n in_o their_o growth_n than_o other_o as_o most_o pear-tree_n more_o than_o appletree_n and_o some_o appletree_n more_o than_o other_o according_a to_o their_o aptness_n to_o grow_v more_o or_o less_o too_o tedious_a and_o difficult_a to_o be_v here_o relate_v only_o the_o redstrake_v be_v general_o a_o desire_a fruit_n you_o may_v take_v notice_n that_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o least_o appletree_n where_o it_o yield_v the_o best_a cider_n sometime_o it_o be_v almost_o but_o a_o shrub_n it_o be_v certain_o best_o in_o many_o respect_n for_o tree_n to_o be_v plant_v at_o a_o very_a good_a distance_n for_o 1._o the_o plantation_n will_v be_v little_a annoyance_n to_o the_o land_n if_o either_o you_o set_v garden_n stuff_n in_o it_o sow_v corn_n on_o it_o while_o the_o tree_n be_v young_a or_o graze_v it_o when_o they_o be_v grow_v up_o 2._o whereas_o some_o say_v the_o more_o tree_n the_o more_o fruit_n that_o be_v absolute_o false_a for_o when_o they_o be_v set_v so_o close_o that_o the_o sun_n can_v have_v a_o good_a influence_n upon_o they_o they_o bear_v poor_o and_o ripen_v worse_o 3._o they_o can_v grow_v to_o be_v tree_n of_o that_o size_n as_o they_o will_v if_o the_o land_n be_v good_a be_v set_v at_o a_o good_a distance_n and_o some_o kind_n of_o tree_n be_v of_o strong_a and_o swift_a growth_n than_o other_o will_v so_o domineer_v over_o their_o neighbour_n that_o they_o will_v make_v they_o almost_o good_a for_o nothing_o 4._o you_o may_v plant_v betwixt_o every_o tree_n a_o cherrytree_n or_o codling-tree_n which_o may_v grow_v up_o and_o bear_v with_o the_o other_o tree_n many_o year_n and_o never_o prejudice_v they_o but_o will_v decay_v before_o the_o other_o be_v at_o full_a growth_n or_o you_o may_v set_v a_o young_a appletree_n or_o pear-tree_n betwixt_o every_o two_o of_o your_o standard_n that_o you_o set_v in_o your_o orchard_n and_o nurse_v it_o up_o with_o necessary_a dress_n and_o prune_v seven_o or_o eight_o year_n or_o less_o time_n to_o transplant_v into_o field_n or_o pasture-land_n where_o cattle_n feed_v whereby_o with_o little_a help_n it_o will_v not_o be_v in_o such_o danger_n of_o hurt_n from_o cattle_n as_o small_a one_o will_v and_o bear_v fruit_n soon_o after_o it_o be_v set_v and_o you_o can_v let_v they_o grow_v so_o long_o in_o your_o nursery_n without_o gall_v or_o hurt_v one_o another_o unless_o when_o you_o remove_v tree_n out_o of_o your_o nursery_n you_o take_v care_n to_o leave_v every_o other_o tree_n whereby_o they_o may_v have_v liberty_n to_o grow_v big_a and_o so_o more_o sit_v for_o your_o field_n old_a of_o transplant_n tree_n young_a or_o old_a sect._n 7._o i_o know_v some_o be_v for_o remove_v tree_n very_o young_a and_o it_o be_v certain_o the_o best_a way_n if_o they_o can_v be_v secure_a from_o danger_n which_o in_o orchard_n or_o field_n where_o cattle_n have_v liberty_n to_o feed_v they_o can_v well_o be_v with_o ordinary_a fence_n unless_o they_o be_v of_o five_o or_o six_o year_n growth_n after_o graft_n he_o that_o have_v a_o nursery_n of_o his_o own_o and_o remove_v they_o into_o place_n so_o near_o that_o he_o can_v well_o do_v it_o let_v he_o the_o very_a same_o or_o the_o next_o day_n after_o they_o be_v take_v up_o set_v they_o in_o the_o place_n appoint_v for_o they_o and_o not_o cut_v off_o too_o much_o of_o the_o root_n but_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o top_n and_o he_o may_v do_v well_o to_o plant_v strong_a and_o well_o grow_v tree_n especial_o in_o his_o field_n and_o out-ground_n for_o the_o charge_n of_o fence_v will_v be_v much_o ease_v and_o be_v careful_o set_v they_o may_v prosper_v as_o well_o or_o better_a than_o small_a one_o especial_o in_o uncultivated_a or_o stiff_a land_n by_o nature_n where_o young_a tree_n can_v so_o well_o put_v forth_o root_n and_o here_o i_o shall_v propose_v a_o sure_a way_n to_o have_v old_a tree_n remove_v grow_v and_o prosper_v well_o than_o be_v common_o practise_v that_o be_v if_o you_o chance_v to_o have_v any_o tree_n betwixt_o ten_o and_o thirty_o year_n old_a that_o you_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o remove_v you_o must_v about_o november_n the_o year_n before_o you_o transplant_v they_o dig_v a_o trench_n as_o narrow_a as_o you_o please_v but_o so_o deep_a as_o to_o meet_v with_o most_o of_o the_o spread_a root_n at_o such_o a_o distance_n round_o about_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n as_o you_o will_v cut_v the_o root_n off_o at_o when_o you_o remove_v it_o about_o half_a a_o yard_n distant_a from_o the_o body_n may_v do_v well_o if_o they_o be_v not_o very_o large_a tree_n but_o if_o you_o have_v not_o far_o to_o carry_v they_o leave_v they_o long_o as_o you_o make_v the_o trench_n cut_v the_o root_n you_o meet_v with_o clear_a off_o and_o smooth_a without_o split_v they_o or_o bruise_v the_o bark_n fill_v up_o the_o trench_n again_o and_o by_o october_n next_o after_o when_o you_o take_v up_o the_o tree_n to_o set_v it_o elsewhere_o you_o will_v find_v those_o great_a root_n will_v have_v put_v forth_o many_o fibrous_a root_n and_o make_v preparation_n for_o more_o which_o fresh_a and_o tender_a root_n upon_o removal_n will_v enable_v the_o tree_n to_o draw_v more_o nourishment_n than_o otherwise_o it_o will_v and_o consequent_o to_o prosper_v the_o better_a in_o its_o new_a mansion_n order_n the_o order_n sect._n 8._o the_o best_a way_n you_o can_v set_v tree_n in_o a_o orchard_n be_v according_a to_o the_o figure_n which_o be_v call_v a_o quincunx_fw-la you_o be_v to_o proceed_v in_o set_v your_o tree_n in_o the_o ground_n by_o the_o same_o general_a rule_n give_v for_o wall-fruit_n observe_v exact_o all_o that_o be_v there_o but_o only_o what_o in_o particular_a concern_v the_o wall_n also_o in_o transplant_n any_o big_a tree_n man_n general_o observe_v to_o coast_n they_o as_o it_o be_v term_v thaâ—_n be_v to_o place_v the_o same_o side_n of_o the_o tree_n â—o_o the_o south_n east_n etc._n etc._n as_o grow_v so_o meâ—ly_o that_o way_n where_o it_o stand_v before_o to_o which_o end_n before_o you_o remove_v it_o you_o have_v best_o make_v some_o mark_n in_o the_o bark_n of_o the_o tree_n which_o way_n it_o stand_v this_o you_o may_v observe_v in_o straight_a tree_n but_o it_o be_v more_o material_a if_o your_o tree_n lean_a one_o way_n more_o than_o another_o to_o set_v the_o lean_a side_n towards_o the_o south-west_n from_o whence_o the_o strong_a wind_n blow_v fence_n tâ—â—_n fence_n sect._n 9_o the_o best_a quick_a fence_n for_o your_o orchard_n be_v a_o good_a white-thorn_n that_o when_o it_o be_v grow_v up_o may_v be_v plash_v the_o better_a to_o prevent_v the_o creep_a of_o hog_n or_o sheep_n into_o it_o set_v no_o smooth_a quick_a in_o it_o that_o may_v grow_v to_o great_a tree_n because_o they_o will_v be_v hurtful_a both_o to_o the_o hedge_n and_o fruit-tree_n both_o by_o their_o top_n and_o root_n when_o they_o be_v grow_v up_o but_o set_v two_o row_n of_o good_a hawthorn_n and_o make_v the_o dead-hedg_n on_o the_o outside_n the_o ditch_n and_o the_o quickset_n will_v grow_v the_o fast_o for_o the_o hedge_n upon_o the_o ditch_n be_v apt_a to_o choke_v the_o quick_a and_o thus_o with_o sometime_o weed_n it_o you_o may_v soon_o raise_v a_o good_a fence_n if_o you_o have_v a_o old_a hedge_n already_o about_o your_o orchard_n scour_v the_o ditch_n and_o plash_n the_o hedge_n and_o cut_v down_o all_o big_a tree_n that_o grow_v in_o it_o unless_o on_o the_o north_n or_o westside_n the_o one_o require_v a_o defence_n to_o keep_v the_o orchard_n warm_a the_o other_o to_o secure_v it_o somewhat_o from_o the_o strong_a wind_n that_o blow_v down_o the_o fruit_n before_o its_o ripe_a though_o it_o be_v better_a they_o grow_v on_o the_o outside_n the_o hedge_n sect._n 10._o your_o orchard-fruit-tree_n as_o well_o as_o other_o prune_v prune_v will_v need_v some_o prune_n which_o you_o may_v observe_v to_o do_v after_o this_o manner_n if_o you_o desire_v they_o shall_v be_v tall_a tree_n cut_v off_o all_o the_o side_n branch_n till_o they_o be_v grow_v to_o the_o height_n you_o desire_v if_o to_o spread_v low_a let_v some_o be_v leave_v on_o each_o side_n that_o the_o bough_n on_o any_o one_o side_n may_v not_o weigh_v down_o the_o tree_n but_o that_o it_o may_v grow_v straight_o upright_o and_o suffer_v they_o not_o the_o first_o three_o year_n at_o least_o to_o grow_v thick_a and_o bushey_a head_a by_o cut_v off_o some_o of_o the_o inside_n shoot_v and_o such_o as_o grow_v across_o one_o another_o or_o pendent_a what_o you_o cut_v off_o from_o the_o body_n or_o
you_o intend_v to_o cut_v they_o off_o at_o for_o about_o a_o foot_n in_o length_n fasten_v about_o they_o some_o earth_n in_o a_o old_a hat_n or_o boot_n or_o bag_n make_v of_o some_o strong_a cloth_n and_o in_o that_o earth_n they_o will_v have_v put_v forth_o root_n against_o the_o october_n follow_v when_o you_o be_v to_o cut_v they_o off_o to_o set_v they_o or_o which_o be_v a_o quick_a and_o ready_a way_n you_o may_v dawb_v some_o wet_a earth_n or_o clay_n about_o the_o place_n and_o wrap_v a_o hay-band_n about_o it_o put_v some_o moist_a earth_n likewise_o betwixt_o the_o round_n of_o the_o band_n and_o then_o run_v it_o about_o again_o over_o the_o space_n betwixt_o those_o first_o round_n of_o the_o hay-band_n and_o make_v fast_o the_o end_n of_o it_o if_o the_o stem_n have_v no_o burr_n before_o you_o go_v either_o of_o these_o way_n to_o work_v than_o first_o take_v off_o here_o and_o there_o a_o little_a slice_n of_o bark_n about_o a_o inch_n long_o round_o about_o it_o near_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o place_n to_o be_v cover_v as_o have_v be_v direct_v some_o direct_a that_o before_o this_o application_n of_o the_o earth_n about_o a_o inch_n breadth_n of_o the_o bark_n be_v take_v off_o round_o about_o the_o part_n of_o the_o branch_n that_o be_v to_o be_v surround_v with_o the_o earth_n that_o root_n may_v shoot_v out_o in_o great_a quantity_n by_o come_v out_o in_o the_o upper_a skirt_n of_o that_o circle_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o low_a but_o this_o be_v but_o a_o crotchet_n and_o ground_v as_o my_o lord_n bacon_n have_v true_o observe_v upon_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o descension_n of_o the_o sap_n whereas_o indeed_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n for_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o sap_n be_v always_o afcend_v in_o lesser_a quantity_n in_o the_o winter_n because_o the_o tree_n be_v then_o only_o to_o be_v nourish_v and_o keep_v alive_a to_o which_o end_n a_o small_a supply_n be_v sufficient_a and_o yet_o necessary_a and_o in_o great_a plenty_n in_o the_o summer_n to_o furnish_v the_o tree_n with_o leaf_n fruit_n and_o new_a yearly_a growth_n and_o the_o true_a reason_n why_o the_o leaf_n and_o fruit_n fall_v off_o towards_o winter_n be_v not_o because_o the_o sap_n return_v downward_o from_o they_o but_o because_o they_o have_v arrive_v to_o their_o full_a ripeness_n and_o the_o tree_n fail_v by_o degree_n to_o convey_v up_o so_o much_o sap_n as_o it_o do_v in_o the_o summer_n to_o they_o to_o produce_v fresh_a one_o and_o therefore_o consequent_o that_o be_v a_o idle_a mistake_n too_o to_o think_v that_o the_o sap_n or_o juice_n in_o the_o winter_n be_v lay_v up_o in_o the_o root_n as_o a_o repository_n as_o appear_v plain_o inasmuch_o as_o they_o be_v ever_o find_v dryer_n in_o the_o winter_n than_o in_o the_o summer_n so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a this_o take_v the_o bark_n off_o round_o the_o branch_n be_v good_a for_o nothing_o but_o to_o endanger_v it_o by_o intercept_n the_o juice_n or_o sap_n which_o rife_n in_o great_a quantity_n betwixt_o the_o bark_n and_o the_o wood_n but_o if_o as_o before_o be_v hint_v you_o take_v some_o little_a slice_n of_o the_o bark_n off_o round_o the_o branch_n here_o and_o there_o leave_v the_o bark_n entire_a in_o some_o place_n this_o may_v by_o check_v the_o sap_n cause_v it_o the_o more_o abundant_o to_o pass_v into_o root_n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o the_o business_n in_o hand_n you_o have_v see_v the_o way_n of_o prepare_v cut_v by_o circumposetion_n and_o though_o some_o will_v pretend_v to_o raise_v tree_n of_o any_o kind_n by_o the_o use_n of_o it_o yet_o it_o be_v certain_a it_o avail_v not_o but_o only_o in_o such_o as_o by_o a_o peculiar_a property_n be_v apt_a to_o put_v forth_o root_n be_v cut_v off_o and_o set_v into_o the_o ground_n and_o those_o general_o know_v and_o make_v use_v of_o this_o way_n be_v the_o kentish_a coddle_v the_o genneâ—-moil_n some_o sort_n of_o sweet-apple_n and_o bitter-sweets_a the_o quince-tree_n the_o mulberry-tree_n and_o the_o paradise-apple-tree_n which_o last_o be_v much_o commend_v by_o the_o skilful_a mr._n rea_n for_o to_o raise_v stock_n for_o dwarf-apple-tree_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o sect._n 6._o another_o way_n to_o raise_v stock_n for_o dwarf-tree_n be_v to_o cut_v down_o some_o one_o tree_n of_o little_a worth_n of_o such_o a_o kind_a as_o you_o want_v stock_n of_o about_o a_o foot_n or_o more_o from_o the_o ground_n this_o will_v make_v some_o kind_n of_o tree_n very_o apt_a to_o cast_v forth_o very_o good_a sucker_n from_o the_o old_a root_n such_o as_o at_o two_o year_n growth_n may_v be_v transplant_v and_o the_o stump_n above_o ground_n will_v also_o put_v forth_o abundance_n of_o young_a shoot_v after_o these_o young_a shoot_n have_v grow_v out_o of_o the_o stump_n one_o year_n cast_v mold_n or_o earth_n about_o they_o a_o good_a height_n so_o that_o you_o cover_v not_o the_o top_n of_o any_o of_o they_o where_o let_v they_o grow_v two_o year_n more_o and_o they_o will_v be_v well_o root_v then_o cut_v they_o off_o from_o the_o old_a stock_n which_o after_o that_o may_v yield_v fresh_a one_o again_o and_o set_v the_o shoot_v you_o take_v off_o as_o before_o have_v be_v direct_v about_o cut_n these_o will_v be_v about_o three_o year_n long_o before_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o graff_n than_o cut_n but_o will_v be_v very_o good_a young_a fresh_a stock_n and_o be_v a_o good_a way_n to_o raise_v stock_n of_o the_o quince-tree_n for_o pear_n because_o quince-tree_n general_o grow_v so_o crooked_a and_o irregular_a that_o it_o be_v difficult_a to_o procure_v any_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o they_o by_o cut_n if_o they_o shoot_v up_o tall_a after_o they_o be_v mould_v you_o have_v best_o top_v they_o at_o a_o convenient_a height_n it_o will_v make_v they_o grow_v the_o more_o in_o bigness_n and_o so_o be_v soon_o sit_v to_o graff_n but_o if_o you_o have_v a_o desire_n to_o have_v any_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n as_o the_o old_a tree_n be_v you_o need_v not_o top_v they_o and_o by_o this_o mean_n if_o you_o want_v quince-tree_n codling_n etc._n etc._n you_o may_v be_v furnish_v with_o plenty_n that_o will_v make_v better_a and_o handsome_a tree_n than_o if_o you_o raise_v they_o by_o cut_n sucker_n by_o sucker_n sect._n 7._o you_o may_v also_o raise_v stock_n for_o dwarf-pear-tree_n from_o sucker_n of_o old_a pear-tree_n if_o you_o can_v convenient_o get_v enough_o of_o the_o quince-tree_n for_o many_o pear_n tree_n cast_v they_o natural_o which_o be_v preserve_v from_o cattle_n may_v be_v take_v up_o and_o set_v in_o bed_n of_o earth_n as_o you_o do_v the_o seedling_n if_o your_o pear-tree_n yield_v not_o sucker_n of_o themselves_o you_o need_v only_o cut_v off_o the_o top_n of_o some_o old_a ill_a pear-tree_n and_o graff_n it_o with_o a_o better_a fruit_n if_o you_o please_v and_o the_o root_n will_v cast_v forth_o sucker_n plentiful_o and_o you_o may_v help_v they_o by_o make_v a_o small_a ditch_n or_o gutter_n so_o as_o to_o bare_a some_o of_o the_o root_n about_o two_o yard_n distant_a from_o the_o tree_n or_o pare_v off_o the_o grass_n if_o any_o grow_v about_o the_o tree_n that_o they_o may_v have_v the_o more_o liberty_n to_o spring_v up_o or_o in_o this_o case_n you_o may_v bare_v the_o root_n and_o then_o give_v a_o cut_n across_o some_o root_n almost_o to_o the_o heart_n and_o from_o the_o cross_n cut_v cleave_v the_o root_n raise_v up_o the_o loose_a part_n and_o put_v in_o a_o little_a stone_n to_o keep_v it_o open_v cover_v it_o three_o inch_n over_o with_o mould_n let_v this_o be_v do_v if_o you_o can_v where_o you_o find_v a_o bud_n or_o eye_n on_o the_o root_n for_o the_o sucker_n to_o shoot_v out_o at_o and_o either_o inoculate_v the_o young_a shoot_n in_o the_o place_n where_o it_o stand_v or_o remove_v it_o to_o some_o other_o place_n after_o a_o year_n growth_n and_o when_o you_o do_v cut_v off_o with_o it_o about_o a_o foot_n of_o the_o old_a root_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v you_o may_v have_v sucker_n from_o some_o other_o tree_n that_o do_v not_o natural_o yield_v they_o plum_n for_o cherry_n and_o plum_n sect._n 8._o to_o have_v stock_n for_o dwarf-cherry_n and_o plum_n or_o for_o such_o tree_n for_o a_o wall_n the_o speedy_a way_n and_o such_o as_o will_v succeed_v for_o that_o purpose_n be_v by_o sucker_n of_o the_o common_a red-cherry_n and_o any_o ordinary_a plum-tree_n both_o which_o cast_v up_o sucker_n plentiful_o if_o the_o sucker_n grow_v in_o a_o place_n that_o be_v secure_a from_o harm_n you_o may_v inoculate_v or_o graff_n they_o before_o removal_n under_o their_o mother_n plant_n and_o let_v they_o grow_v there_o one_o year_n after_o and_o hereby_o you_o will_v gain_v
any_o branch_n do_v it_o close_v and_o even_o that_o the_o bark_n may_v grow_v over_o it_o it_o you_v cut_v part_n of_o any_o shoot_n or_o a_o cyen_v for_o graft_n cut_v it_o close_o at_o a_o bud_n or_o sprig_n that_o in_o that_o case_n the_o wound_n may_v again_o grow_v up_o and_o a_o stub_n end_v not_o be_v leave_v behind_o when_o tree_n grow_v big_a that_o a_o knife_n will_v not_o prune_v they_o procure_v a_o instrument_n like_o a_o broad_a chissel_n the_o handle_n of_o iron_n and_o the_o edge_n alike_o on_o both_o side_n not_o slope_v on_o one_o side_n like_o that_o of_o joiner_n but_o plain_a as_o a_o knife_n and_o very_o thin_a about_o 3_o or_o 4_o inch_n in_o breadth_n the_o form_n you_o will_v see_v in_o the_o table_n of_o figure_n with_o which_o and_o a_o mallet_n you_o may_v take_v off_o a_o bough_n or_o large_a branch_n as_o you_o will_v without_o either_o hurt_v the_o bark_n of_o the_o tree_n by_o cut_v too_o near_o or_o leave_v a_o stump_n by_o not_o cut_v near_o enough_o one_o of_o which_o be_v not_o easy_o avoid_v by_o the_o chance_n blow_v of_o a_o axe_n or_o hatchet_n and_o be_v among_o thick_a bough_n your_o chissel_n and_o mallet_n will_v be_v more_o governable_a than_o other_o instrument_n if_o the_o bough_n be_v very_o large_a you_o may_v use_v a_o see_v first_o and_o then_o smooth_v it_o with_o the_o chissel_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o sect._n 11._o you_o will_v do_v well_o if_o your_o soil_n be_v not_o rich_a enough_o once_o in_o three_o or_o four_o year_n in_o the_o winter_n time_n to_o open_v the_o earth_n for_o a_o good_a space_n round_o about_o the_o body_n of_o each_o tree_n and_o about_o a_o month_n after_o with_o some_o proper_a manure_n mix_v with_o what_o come_v forth_o fill_v up_o the_o hole_n again_o but_o if_o you_o dig_v or_o plough_v your_o land_n you_o will_v have_v no_o need_n to_o do_v this_o so_o long_o and_o if_o your_o tree_n be_v set_v by_o tump_v you_o need_v not_o do_v this_o till_o the_o root_n be_v grow_v past_o the_o ditch_n that_o be_v make_v about_o the_o tump_n the_o water_n that_o soak_v from_o a_o dunghill_n be_v a_o good_a thing_n to_o enrich_v the_o earth_n about_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n and_o if_o your_o orchard_n chance_v to_o lie_v so_o as_o that_o it_o may_v be_v slote_v with_o it_o sometime_o you_o may_v do_v it_o after_o this_o manner_n make_v a_o little_a trench_n along_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o orchard_n and_o from_o it_o cut_v a_o small_a gutter_n down_o every_o row_n of_o tree_n take_v off_o the_o upper_a turf_n for_o half_a a_o yard_n breadth_n round_o about_o every_o tree_n at_o about_o a_o foot_n breadth_n distant_a from_o the_o body_n when_o a_o rainy_a day_n come_v let_v this_o soak_v go_v down_o one_o row_n so_o that_o as_o near_o as_o you_o can_v every_o tree_n may_v enjoy_v it_o three_o or_o four_o day_n at_o several_a time_n in_o one_o winter_n if_o your_o orchard_n stand_v so_o that_o you_o can_v convey_v this_o water_n to_o the_o tree_n after_o this_o manner_n you_o may_v carry_v two_o or_o three_o pale-full_a to_o every_o tree_n twice_o or_o thrice_o a_o year_n and_o pour_v it_o in_o where_o the_o root_n be_v open_v and_o against_o spring_n put_v in_o the_o old_a earth_n again_o when_o you_o do_v this_o first_o stir_v up_o with_o something_o the_o bottom_n of_o this_o water_n the_o more_o to_o thicken_v and_o enrich_v it_o this_o will_v follow_v the_o root_n and_o enrich_v tree_n more_o than_o can_v be_v do_v by_o manure_n or_o dung_n so_o that_o you_o suffer_v the_o water_n not_o to_o be_v above_o a_o day_n time_n at_o once_o upon_o any_o one_o tree_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o sect._n 12._o within_o your_o orchard_n on_o the_o north-side_n set_v the_o first_o row_n of_o pear-tree_n or_o such_o other_o tree_n as_o you_o know_v be_v apt_a to_o grow_v tall_a and_o the_o rest_n southward_o as_o they_o decrease_v in_o height_n as_o near_o as_o you_o can_v judge_v for_o so_o shall_v all_o your_o tree_n share_v in_o great_a measure_n of_o the_o south-sun_n and_o will_v be_v less_o liable_a to_o receive_v damage_n by_o the_o northern_a cold_a on_o the_o outside_n of_o your_o orchard_n if_o it_o be_v not_o well_o defend_v plant_v on_o the_o north-side_n two_o or_o three_o row_n of_o walnut-tree_n chestnut-tree_n or_o some_o large_a grow_a tree_n thick_a than_o be_v usual_o do_v on_o other_o account_n to_o preserve_v your_o orchard_n from_o the_o northern_a air_n some_o be_v also_o for_o plant_v a_o defence_n on_o the_o west_n side_n to_o help_v to_o preserve_v they_o from_o the_o autumnal_a wind_n which_o throw_v down_o the_o fruit_n before_o its_o ripe_a chap._n xi_o of_o plant_v in_o field_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o sect_n 1._o the_o benefit_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o plant_v be_v apparent_a in_o several_a country_n in_o england_n where_o it_o have_v be_v of_o long_a and_o general_a usage_n and_o in_o many_o other_o country_n gentleman_n have_v begin_v already_o to_o imitate_v they_o which_o shall_v much_o encourage_v other_o to_o follow_v for_o the_o more_o there_o be_v that_o plant_n the_o less_o particular_a person_n will_v lose_v by_o thief_n and_o where_o fruit_n be_v in_o great_a plenty_n it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v more_o slight_v by_o idle_a people_n and_o beside_o if_o a_o man_n have_v store_n he_o will_v not_o feel_v the_o loss_n of_o a_o little_a or_o it_o may_v quit_v his_o cost_n to_o have_v one_o to_o cast_v a_o eye_n to_o they_o for_o a_o month_n time_n near_o ripen_v and_o further_a yet_o cyder-apple_n baking-pear_n and_o pear_n for_o perry_n be_v so_o little_a grateful_a to_o the_o taste_n which_o pilferer_n chief_o aim_v at_o please_a that_o he_o that_o taste_v they_o once_o shall_v scarce_o find_v his_o tooth_n water_n after_o they_o a_o second_o time_n however_o the_o benefit_n of_o plant_v in_o field_n much_o outweigh_v these_o and_o all_o other_o inconvenience_n for_o by_o this_o mean_v you_o may_v almost_o have_v a_o double_a crop_n on_o your_o land_n viz._n grass_n or_o grain_n and_o your_o fruit_n and_o the_o land_n rather_o benefit_v as_o the_o matter_n may_v be_v order_v than_o damage_v one_o of_o these_o tree_n also_o sometime_o bear_v as_o much_o fruit_n as_o three_o of_o the_o best_a in_o a_o thick_a plant_v orchard_n the_o benefit_n whereof_o for_o sale_n or_o use_v in_o a_o family_n for_o bake_v or_o liquor_n or_o other_o use_n be_v know_v to_o be_v so_o considerable_a that_o i_o need_v say_v no_o more_o of_o it_o pear_n particular_o of_o pear_n sect._n 2._o but_o because_o the_o plant_n pear-tree_n abroad_o in_o field_n be_v of_o less_o reputation_n general_o than_o the_o plant_n other_o fruit-tree_n i_o shall_v here_o give_v you_o sufficient_a suggestion_n to_o take_v off_o the_o aspersion_n 1._o some_o pear_n do_v not_o make_v so_o contemptible_a a_o liquor_n as_o perry_n be_v common_o reckon_v but_o very_o strong_a and_o keep_v two_o or_o three_o year_n drink_v to_o admiration_n so_o that_o several_a good_a palate_n that_o have_v drink_v of_o it_o have_v not_o be_v able_a to_o distinguish_v it_o well_o from_o liquor_n of_o more_o esteem_n 2._o their_o fruit_n be_v not_o eatable_a and_o so_o in_o less_o danger_n of_o thief_n in_o your_o out-ground_n than_o apple_n be_v 3._o they_o will_v grow_v on_o barren_a land_n where_o apple_n will_v not_o prosper_v so_o well_o 4._o they_o be_v tree_n of_o long_a continuance_n and_o often_o grow_v to_o that_o bigness_n and_o bear_v so_o plentiful_o that_o one_o single_a tree_n will_v bear_v fruit_n enough_o to_o make_v a_o hogshead_n of_o perry_n sometime_o two_o or_o three_o in_o one_o year_n which_o will_v save_v the_o expense_n of_o much_o malt_n though_o the_o liquor_n be_v but_o mean_v way_n seven_o way_n sect._n 3_o there_o be_v seven_o way_n of_o plant_v in_o this_o kind_n i_o shall_v set_v they_o all_o down_o that_o every_o man_n may_v use_v that_o which_o best_o suit_n with_o his_o conveniency_n and_o good_a like_n field_n i._o of_o plant_v whole_a field_n 1._o if_o your_o land_n be_v in_o tillage_n you_o may_v set_v fruit-tree_n at_o thirty_o yard_n distance_n from_o one_o another_o throughout_o the_o whole_a field_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o orchard_n and_o you_o may_v go_v on_o with_o your_o plough_v with_o the_o loss_n only_o of_o about_o a_o yard_n or_o four_o foot_n square_a of_o land_n about_o every_o tree_n for_o twenty_o year_n and_o when_o they_o be_v grow_v so_o big_a that_o you_o think_v your_o corn_n receive_v hurt_v by_o the_o shade_n or_o dropping_n of_o the_o tree_n if_o you_o can_v turn_v it_o to_o pasture_n the_o tree_n will_v improve_v most_o kind_a of_o land_n by_o keep_v it_o warm_a in_o the_o spring_n they_o will_v make_v the_o graf_v
very_o rich_a as_o not_o have_v be_v impoverish_v by_o tillage_n but_o improve_v sometime_o by_o the_o oft_o scour_v of_o the_o ditch_n and_o common_o with_o the_o dung_n of_o cattle_n that_o for_o shelter_n shade_n or_o fodder_n repair_n much_o thither_o 3._o it_o be_v not_o the_o least_o hindrance_n to_o plough_v or_o grass_n for_o the_o hedge_n when_o it_o be_v grow_v up_o usual_o bear_v out_o as_o far_o as_o the_o tree_n be_v set_v in_o the_o field_n 4._o and_o this_o be_v much_o better_a than_o plant_v in_o the_o hedg-row_n as_o many_o do_v for_o in_o the_o hedge_n when_o the_o tree_n be_v grow_v to_o have_v a_o large_a top_n it_o be_v apt_a to_o weaken_v the_o hedge_n under_o it_o but_o these_o be_v set_v a_o little_a distance_n from_o the_o hedge_n and_o grow_v as_o they_o will_v with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o head_n from_o it_o will_v not_o damage_v it_o 5._o the_o fruit_n will_v be_v gather_v with_o much_o more_o ease_n than_o of_o those_o that_o be_v plant_v in_o the_o hedge_n 6._o they_o will_v not_o be_v choke_v or_o hurt_v by_o the_o hedge_n when_o it_o be_v grow_v up_o but_o be_v good_a handsome_a fair_a tree_n you_o may_v set_v these_o at_o eight_o yard_n distance_n distance_n distance_n or_o near_o be_v but_o one_o single_a row_n and_o so_o if_o but_o half_a a_o field_n as_o usual_o it_o fall_v out_o have_v the_o ditch_n on_o the_o outside_n you_o may_v set_v a_o considerable_a number_n and_o find_v advantage_n without_o damage_n and_o with_o inconsiderable_a charge_n especial_o if_o the_o ditch_n stand_v on_o the_o north-side_n if_o you_o can_v therefore_o choose_v such_o hedge_n good_a where_o not_o good_a this_o be_v not_o to_o be_v practise_v near_o hedge_n that_o be_v full_a of_o great_a wood_n or_o tree_n but_o if_o there_o be_v but_o few_o tree_n it_o be_v but_o leave_v a_o vacancy_n near_o such_o tree_n and_o set_v your_o fruit-tree_n against_o such_o place_n where_o there_o grow_v none_o in_o the_o hedge_n hedge_n iv_o in_o hedge_n sect._n 6._o another_o way_n of_o plant_v in_o field_n be_v this_o if_o you_o will_v plant_v without_o any_o charge_n of_o fence_v you_o may_v do_v it_o in_o your_o hedge_n these_o tree_n must_v be_v well_o grow_v and_o strong_a that_o the_o hedge_n choke_v they_o not_o while_o they_o be_v young_a and_o when_o you_o plash_n or_o cut_v down_o a_o quick_a hedge_n observe_v no_o certain_a distance_n but_o as_o it_o happen_v where_o you_o find_v it_o most_o free_a from_o quick_a set_v a_o tree_n and_o enclose_v the_o body_n in_o the_o hedge_n but_o bound_v not_o the_o ethering_n too_o close_o about_o it_o lest_o they_o gall_v it_o and_o as_o it_o grow_v observe_v what_o thorn_n annoy_v it_o and_o cut_v they_o off_o cut_n v._o by_o cut_n sect._n 7._o if_o you_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o set_v any_o cut_n of_o gennet-moil_n or_o other_o appletree_n that_o grow_v of_o cut_n they_o will_v prosper_v very_o well_o in_o or_o rather_o near_o a_o hedge_n because_o general_o there_o the_o mould_n be_v loose_a and_o mellow_a for_o they_o to_o put_v forth_o root_n in_o and_o somewhat_o enrich_v by_o the_o frequent_a cleanse_n of_o the_o ditch_n if_o you_o plant_v they_o near_o the_o hedge_n you_o must_v a_o little_a fence_n they_o on_o the_o one_o side_n as_o by_o the_o three_o forego_v direction_n but_o the_o tump_n you_o raise_v to_o set_v the_o thorn_n in_o must_v not_o be_v above_o a_o foot_n high_a for_o the_o cut_n will_v shoot_v out_o their_o root_n almost_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o earth_n about_o they_o and_o a_o high_a mound_n fall_v down_o by_o degree_n some_o of_o the_o best_a root_n may_v be_v leave_v bare_a or_o very_o little_a earth_n upon_o they_o they_o of_o prepare_v they_o the_o way_n of_o prepare_v plant_n for_o this_o purpose_n be_v by_o circumposition_n etc._n etc._n as_o be_v direct_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o dwarf-tree_n order_n choice_n and_o order_n make_v choice_n of_o cut_n or_o stem_n as_o big_a as_o a_o man_n wrist_n if_o you_o can_v towards_o the_o low_a end_n before_o you_o set_v they_o prune_v they_o out_o of_o the_o reach_n of_o cattle_n and_o leave_v but_o little_a top_n on_o they_o when_o you_o set_v they_o neither_o let_v they_o be_v very_o long_o if_o the_o top_n be_v out_o of_o the_o reach_n of_o cattle_n it_o be_v enough_o stock_n vi_o by_o long_a crab_n stock_n sect._n 8._o there_o be_v some_o that_o get_v long_a crab-tree-stock_n out_o of_o wood_n or_o else_o dress_v some_o up_o in_o their_o nursery_n to_o grow_v tall_a and_o set_v they_o in_o their_o field_n or_o hedge_n and_o at_o three_o year_n stand_v graft_v they_o which_o may_v do_v well_o advantage_n advantage_n and_o be_v the_o better_o approve_v of_o because_o there_o need_v no_o removal_n after_o they_o be_v graff_v but_o some_o inconvenience_n there_o be_v in_o this_o way_n disadvantage_n disadvantage_n the_o long_a stock_n out_o of_o wood_n be_v common_o very_o old_a their_o bark_n thick_a their_o root_n big_a they_o thrive_v but_o indifferent_o and_o those_o raise_v in_o nursery_n will_v seldom_o be_v taper_n grow_v or_o strong_a enough_o to_o bear_v a_o large_a top_n well_o after_o they_o be_v graff_v so_o high_a as_o they_o ought_v be_v set_v in_o field_n you_o will_v also_o be_v long_o in_o raise_v stock_n to_o that_o height_n and_o any_o considerable_a strength_n as_o be_v necessary_a for_o this_o purpose_n than_o in_o raise_v tree_n if_o your_o stock_n be_v graff_v young_a in_o your_o nursery_n because_o they_o thrive_v more_o after_o graft_n than_o before_o and_o in_o both_o case_n if_o you_o graft_v they_o high_a the_o stock_n will_v be_v continual_o put_v forth_o sprout_n of_o their_o own_o kind_n below_o the_o place_n they_o be_v graff_v at_o which_o will_v require_v frequent_a cut_v off_o if_o you_o graft_v they_o not_o very_o high_a you_o will_v find_v it_o difficult_a to_o defend_v they_o from_o the_o nip_a of_o cattle_n and_o from_o the_o cyens_n be_v break_v out_o of_o the_o stock_n by_o some_o casualty_n or_o other_o to_o which_o they_o be_v more_o expose_v in_o field_n that_o lie_v common_a to_o cattle_n than_o nursery_n that_o be_v enclose_v crabtree_n vii_o by_o graâ—â—â—â—_n old_a crabtree_n sect._n 9_o the_o last_o way_n i_o shall_v speak_v of_o be_v that_o which_o be_v most_o use_v in_o the_o plant_n country_n and_o that_o be_v by_o graft_n such_o crabtree_n as_o grow_v in_o the_o hedge_n or_o ground_n and_o this_o be_v the_o speedy_a way_n to_o have_v fruit_n because_o the_o big_a tree_n have_v body_n already_o and_o in_o four_o or_o five_o year_n time_n well_o order_v will_v have_v good_a top_n to_o bear_v and_o if_o you_o graft_v small_a stock_n in_o your_o ground_n that_o have_v grow_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n there_o and_o fence_v they_o they_o will_v speedy_o bring_v on_o graff_n be_v so_o well_o root_v herein_o a_o mischief_n use_v herein_o i_o have_v see_v many_o cut_n off_o the_o top_n of_o old_a crabtree_n and_o appletree_n and_o graft_v the_o body_n or_o trunk_n but_o the_o cyens_n can_v never_o cover_v the_o head_n of_o those_o stock_n and_o by_o that_o time_n the_o top_n be_v a_o little_a grow_v up_o the_o body_n be_v ready_a to_o perish_v with_o rottenness_n direction_n necessary_a direction_n the_o best_a way_n for_o big_a crabtree_n or_o if_o you_o will_v change_v the_o kind_n of_o any_o fruit-tree_n be_v to_o graft_v they_o in_o the_o bough_n where_o they_o be_v not_o big_a than_o a_o man_n arm_n make_v use_n of_o none_o but_o those_o that_o grow_v handsome_a at_o convenient_a distance_n one_o from_o another_o cut_v off_o the_o other_o smooth_a and_o even_a close_o to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n to_o do_v this_o that_o winter_n that_o you_o cut_v or_o plash_n a_o hedge_n order_n the_o workman_n to_o trim_v up_o but_o not_o to_o lop_v or_o top_v the_o crabtree_n unless_o it_o be_v the_o top_n of_o the_o bough_n half_o a_o yard_n or_o more_o above_o the_o place_n you_o intend_v to_o graft_v they_o at_o and_o then_o in_o march_n follow_v see_v off_o the_o head_n at_o proper_a place_n and_o graft_v they_o cleft_n of_o graft_n 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o cleft_n many_o be_v for_o graft_n these_o in_o the_o cleave_a because_o they_o think_v the_o cyen_n have_v better_a hold_n and_o will_v not_o be_v so_o subject_a to_o be_v break_v out_o by_o the_o wind_n as_o those_o graffed_a in_o the_o bark_n but_o i_o have_v see_v those_o in_o the_o cleave_v break_v out_o by_o the_o wind_n neither_o can_v i_o ever_o find_v that_o the_o wood_n of_o the_o cyen_n in_o the_o cleave_a do_v ever_o cement_v with_o the_o wood_n of_o the_o stock_n but_o only_o on_o the_o outside_n as_o the_o other_o do_v and_o those_o
cyen_n that_o be_v graff_v etc._n etc._n must_v have_v some_o agreement_n in_o nature_n with_o the_o stock_n sect._n 5._o stock_n may_v contribute_v something_o to_o the_o better_n of_o the_o fruit._n sect._n 6._o that_o crab-kernel_n yield_v best_a stock_n for_o orchard_n and_o field_n yet_o apple-kernel_n be_v of_o special_a use_n sect._n 7._o a_o discourse_n of_o the_o sympathy_n betwixt_o the_o pith_n of_o a_o tree_n and_o the_o kernel_n of_o its_o fruit_n chap._n iii_o of_o transplant_n the_o seedling_n sect._n 1_o of_o what_o growth_n the_o seedling_n must_v be_v before_o they_o be_v remove_v into_o the_o nursery_n and_o how_o the_o soil_n for_o these_o must_v be_v order_v sect._n 2._o in_o what_o order_n and_o manner_n they_o be_v to_o be_v set_v at_o this_o removal_n and_o how_o to_o be_v order_v sect._n 3_o some_o difference_n to_o be_v observe_v about_o stock_n to_o be_v set_v in_o field_n and_o how_o all_o those_o young_a stock_n be_v to_o be_v dress_v up_o chap._n iu._n of_o inoculate_v sect._n 1_o the_o way_n of_o inoculate_v describe_v sect._n 2._o of_o the_o different_a way_n of_o inoculate_v chap._n v._o observation_n concern_v inoculate_v sect._n 1_o several_a necessary_a thing_n to_o be_v observe_v about_o inoculate_v sect._n 2._o how_o high_a above_o ground_n the_o stock_n be_v to_o be_v inoculate_v sect._n 3_o of_o bud_n that_o be_v to_o be_v inoculate_v and_o when_o inoculation_n be_v to_o be_v use_v rather_o than_o graft_n sect._n 4._o reasins_z why_o inoculate_v be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o graft_n where_o it_o may_v be_v use_v sect._n 5._o what_o time_n of_o the_o day_n be_v best_a for_o inoculate_v chap._n vi_o of_o the_o several_a way_n of_o graft_n sect._n 1_o of_o slice_v or_o pack_v sect._n 2._o of_o graft_n in_o the_o bark_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o these_o two_o be_v the_o best_a way_n of_o graft_n sect._n 3_o of_o whip-graffing_a sect._n 4._o of_o side-graffing_a sect._n 5._o of_o graft_n in_o the_o cleft_n sect._n 6._o of_o graft_n by_o approach_n chap._n vii_o observation_n concern_v graft_n sect._n 1_o what_o bigness_n stock_n be_v to_o be_v of_o at_o graft_n sect._n 2._o about_o the_o choice_n of_o cyens_n or_o graff_n sect._n 3_o of_o the_o time_n of_o graft_n sect._n 4._o of_o cut_v of_o graff_n and_o order_v they_o before_o graft_n sect._n 5._o about_o the_o joint_n in_o a_o graff_n or_o cyen_n and_o how_o high_a stock_n be_v to_o be_v graff_v above_o ground_n sect._n 6._o what_o course_n may_v be_v take_v to_o know_v ready_o of_o what_o kind_n every_o tree_n be_v chap._n viii_o of_o plant_v wall-fruit_n sect._n 1_o the_o best_a time_n to_o remove_v young_a tree_n after_o graft_n and_o inoculate_v sect._n 2._o of_o prepare_v the_o ground_n for_o wall-fruit_n and_o what_o distance_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o set_v such_o tree_n sect._n 3_o how_o to_o temper_v the_o soil_n for_o they_o and_o to_o settle_v their_o root_n in_o the_o hole_n they_o be_v to_o be_v set_v in_o sect._n 4._o how_o to_o order_v a_o tree_n in_o spread_v it_o upon_o a_o wall_n sect._n 5._o the_o root_n be_v sometime_o to_o be_v bare_v and_o the_o soil_n about_o they_o recruit_v sect._n 6._o how_o the_o soil_n for_o these_o or_o other_o tree_n be_v to_o be_v amend_v sect._n 7._o how_o to_o renew_v old_a tree_n sect._n 8._o direction_n what_o wall_n be_v proper_a for_o each_o kind_n of_o fruit._n sect._n 9_o instruction_n about_o make_v the_o wall_n chap._n ix_o concern_v dwarf-tree_n sect._n 1_o the_o advantage_n of_o dwarf-tree_n sect._n 2._o stock_n for_o dwarf-pear-tree_n sect._n 3_o what_o stock_n be_v best_a for_o dwarf-apple-tree_n sect._n 4._o what_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o get_v and_o order_v cut_n that_o be_v to_o be_v set_v for_o stock_n sect._n 5._o how_o they_o may_v be_v help_v to_o root_n by_o circumposition_n sect._n 6._o other_o way_n to_o raise_v stock_n for_o dwarf-tree_n sect._n 7._o of_o raise_v they_o of_o sucker_n sect._n 8._o how_o to_o raise_v stock_n for_o cherry_n and_o plum_n sect._n 9_o how_o to_o order_v the_o head_n of_o dwarf-tree_n sect._n 10._o codling-hedge_n and_o tree_n may_v be_v raise_v from_o the_o cut_n only_o of_o such_o tree_n who_o cut_n will_v grow_v sect._n 10._o codling_n and_o moil_n may_v be_v graff_v on_o crabstocks_n chap._n x._o of_o plant_v a_o orchard_n sect._n 1_o how_o to_o choose_v ground_n for_o a_o orchard_n sect._n 2._o direction_n how_v to_o qualify_v that_o ground_n when_o it_o be_v not_o of_o itself_o as_o divers_a way_n it_o may_v not_o be_v fit_a for_o plant_v sect._n 3_o how_o a_o uneven_a ground_n be_v to_o be_v order_v in_o plant_v sect._n 4._o the_o time_n and_o manner_n of_o order_v tree_n in_o plant_v a_o orchard_n sect._n 5._o how_o long_o they_o may_v remain_v in_o the_o nursery_n after_o graft_n before_o they_o be_v transplant_v sect._n 6._o of_o the_o distance_n these_o tree_n ought_v to_o be_v set_v at_o one_o from_o another_o sect._n 7._o whether_o old_a tree_n or_o young_a be_v fit_a to_o be_v transplant_v and_o how_o to_o order_v old_a one_o at_o such_o a_o time_n sect._n 8._o what_o order_n these_o tree_n be_v to_o be_v set_v in_o sect._n 9_o concern_v the_o fence_n for_o a_o orchard_n sect._n 10._o concern_v prune_v of_o orchard-tree_n sect._n 11._o the_o soil_n about_o their_o root_n must_v ever_o after_o be_v keep_v in_o good_a heart_n chap._n xi_o of_o plant_v in_o field_n sect._n 1_o exception_n against_o plant_v in_o field_n answer_v sect._n 2._o reason_n to_o show_v its_o profitable_a to_o plant_v pear-tree_n in_o field_n sect._n 3_o seven_o way_n the_o first_o by_o plant_v in_o whole_a field_n sect._n 4._o a_o second_o way_n of_o plant_v in_o field_n where_o a_o account_n be_v give_v how_o such_o tree_n may_v best_o be_v fence_v sect._n 5._o the_o three_o by_o do_v it_o near_o hedge_n sect._n 5._o the_o advantage_n sect._n 5._o the_o distance_n sect._n 5._o where_o not_o good_a sect._n 6._o the_o four_o in_o hedge_n sect._n 7._o the_o five_o by_o cut_n sect._n 7._o of_o choice_n and_o order_v they_o for_o that_o purpose_n sect._n 8._o the_o six_o by_o long_a crab-stock_n sect._n 8._o advantage_n sect._n 8._o disadvantage_n sect._n 9_o the_o seven_o by_o graft_n old_a crabtree_n sect._n 9_o direction_n therein_o sect._n 9_o of_o do_v it_o in_o the_o cleft_n or_o bark_n with_o some_o difference_n from_o graft_n small_a stock_n in_o the_o bark_n sect._n 9_o direction_n to_o prevent_v the_o break_n out_o of_o the_o cyens_n sect._n 9_o and_o for_o prune_v the_o body_n chap._n xii_o of_o the_o annoyance_n about_o fruit-tree_n sect._n 1_o to_o prevent_v moss_n and_o canker_n etc._n etc._n sect._n 2._o to_o preserve_v tree_n from_o hare_n or_o rabbit_n sect._n 3_o against_o aunt_n or_o pismire_n sect._n 4._o of_o mole_n water-rat_n snake_n and_o emmet_n or_o asker_n sect._n 5._o to_o prevent_v blast_v cuterpiller_n snail_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xiii_o some_o particular_n about_o raise_v some_o kind_n of_o fruit-tree_n sect._n 1_o direction_n about_o plant_v vine_n sect._n 2._o of_o the_o soil_n and_o manner_n of_o propagate_a they_o and_o renew_v old_a vine_n sect._n 3_o of_o prune_v they_o sect._n 4._o concern_v vineyard_n sect._n 5._o of_o plant_v figtree_n sect._n 6._o of_o raise_v quince-tree_n sect._n 7._o of_o propagate_a the_o medlar_n and_o service-tree_n sect._n 8._o of_o walnut-tree_n sect._n 9_o of_o raise_v goosberry_n currant_n barberry_n and_o raspberry_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o fruit_n sect._n 1_o that_o it_o be_v convenient_a to_o have_v variety_n of_o fruit._n sect._n 2._o of_o several_a sort_n of_o peach_n sect._n 3_o of_o nectarine_n sect._n 4._o of_o apricock_n sect._n 5._o of_o plum_n sect._n 6._o of_o cherry_n sect._n 7._o of_o grape_n sect._n 8._o of_o pear_n sect._n 9_o of_o apple_n sect._n 10._o of_o quince_n sect._n 11._o of_o walnut_n chestnut_n filbeard_n etc._n etc._n sect._n 12._o of_o fig_n medlar_n and_o service_n sect._n 13._o of_o mulberry_n goosberry_n currant_n raspberry_n and_o barberry_n chap._n xv._o of_o gather_v fruit_n and_o make_v several_a sort_n of_o liquor_n sect._n 1_o of_o gather_v fruit_n and_o order_v they_o in_o keep_v sect._n 2._o of_o a_o ladder_n sect._n 3_o of_o a_o mill._n sect._n 4._o of_o cider_n sect._n 5._o of_o perry_n sect._n 6._o of_o rasberry_n wine_n sect._n 7._o of_o curran_n wine_n sect._n 8._o of_o goosberry_n wine_n sect._n 9_o another_o way_n to_o make_v any_o of_o the_o three_o last_o sort_n of_o wine_n and_o cherry_n sect._n 10._o cherry_n and_o goosberry_n brandy_n sect._n 10._o the_o conclusion_n the_o introduction_n have_v undertake_v in_o this_o book_n to_o publish_v all_o necessary_a direction_n concern_v plant_v the_o first_o step_n
i_o be_o to_o take_v to_o proceed_v in_o due_a order_n be_v to_o give_v instruction_n about_o seminary_n and_o nursery_n wherein_o young_a plant_n be_v to_o be_v raise_v and_o cherish_v in_o their_o infancy_n and_o because_o man_n be_v general_o through_o ignorance_n so_o indifferent_a whether_o they_o have_v these_o of_o their_o own_o or_o no_o because_o for_o a_o little_a money_n they_o can_v have_v plant_n from_o other_o ready_a bring_v up_o to_o their_o hand_n therefore_o i_o shall_v here_o in_o the_o first_o place_n present_v such_o with_o reason_n that_o i_o suppose_v can_v but_o make_v they_o of_o the_o same_o mind_n that_o i_o be_o myself_o that_o it_o be_v far_o better_a to_o have_v they_o of_o their_o own_o bring_v up_o and_o to_o have_v seminary_n and_o nursery_n of_o their_o own_o for_o this_o purpose_n 1._o because_o this_o way_n a_o man_n shall_v be_v sure_a to_o meet_v with_o no_o failure_n either_o in_o the_o kind_n or_o goodness_n of_o his_o tree_n and_o fruit_n in_o both_o which_o he_o shall_v be_v often_o disappoint_v if_o he_o have_v his_o tree_n upon_o trust_n from_o other_o who_o make_v a_o trade_n of_o sell_v they_o and_o be_v therefore_o many_o time_n incurious_a in_o raise_v they_o and_o instead_o of_o the_o right_a kind_n if_o they_o can_v get_v any_o thing_n by_o it_o will_v not_o stick_v to_o put_v he_o off_o with_o another_o 2._o the_o trouble_n and_o expense_n of_o buy_v young_a plant_n and_o get_v they_o home_o many_o time_n from_o place_n very_o remote_a and_o the_o prejudice_n they_o often_o receive_v in_o the_o carriage_n will_v be_v whole_o prevent_v 3._o this_o way_n a_o man_n shall_v with_o almost_o the_o same_o labour_n and_o charge_n both_o furnish_v himself_o sufficient_o and_o have_v so_o many_o more_o as_o to_o defray_v the_o charge_n he_o may_v be_v at_o about_o it_o if_o he_o will_v sell_v they_o or_o to_o gratify_v his_o friend_n if_o he_o have_v rather_o bestow_v they_o 4._o he_o will_v this_o way_n be_v provide_v with_o stock_n for_o apple_n pear_n plum_n cherry_n and_o all_o choice_a wall-fruit_n raise_v from_o kernel_n and_o stone_n of_o fruit_n which_o be_v incomparable_o better_o than_o stock_n procure_v any_o other_o way_n the_o mean_v some_o use_n to_o furnish_v themselves_o with_o stock_n for_o appletree_n be_v by_o get_v young_a crabtree_n out_o of_o hedge_n rough_a ground_n and_o wood_n and_o with_o stock_n for_o pear_n plum_n and_o cherry_n by_o sucker_n spring_v from_o the_o root_n of_o old_a tree_n of_o those_o kind_n but_o there_o be_v much_o to_o be_v say_v against_o both_o course_n against_o use_v those_o crabtree_n get_v out_o of_o wood_n etc._n etc._n there_o lie_v these_o objection_n 1._o the_o workman_n in_o get_v they_o break_v some_o and_o hurt_v other_o of_o the_o principal_a root_n and_o it_o sometime_o fall_v out_o that_o they_o have_v be_v cut_v down_o and_o spring_v up_o again_o out_o of_o the_o remain_a stump_n or_o otherwise_o hurt_v which_o though_o not_o easy_o discern_v because_o skin_v over_o yet_o will_v be_v a_o prejudice_n to_o they_o for_o ever_o 2._o many_o of_o the_o stock_n so_o get_v out_o of_o wood_n and_o hedge_n have_v for_o want_n of_o room_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o shade_n and_o the_o drop_n of_o other_o tree_n about_o they_o be_v check_v and_o baffle_v in_o their_o growth_n and_o so_o become_v crooked_a scabby_a ill_o grow_v rough_a and_o unkind_o and_o never_o like_a to_o make_v good_a tree_n 3._o some_o that_o furnish_v themselves_o this_o way_n with_o stock_n choose_v such_o as_o be_v large_a and_o those_o have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n thick_a and_o hard_a bark_n and_o old_a root_n come_v on_o but_o slow_o when_o they_o be_v remove_v to_o make_v appletree_n 4._o if_o these_o stock_n be_v not_o graff_v very_o low_o and_o if_o they_o be_v a_o year_n growth_n or_o two_o will_v be_v lose_v they_o will_v put_v forth_o branch_n of_o their_o own_o every_o year_n in_o such_o abundance_n that_o without_o constant_a prune_n of_o they_o off_o the_o graff_n will_v be_v in_o danger_n of_o be_v starve_v 5._o a_o better_a advantage_n may_v be_v make_v of_o crabtree_n in_o hedg-row_n and_o rough_a ground_n by_o graft_n they_o where_o they_o be_v as_o you_o shall_v be_v hereafter_o direct_v where_o they_o will_v thrive_v better_o there_o be_v but_o one_o scruple_n that_o i_o can_v foresee_v that_o can_v here_o be_v start_v and_o that_o be_v that_o a_o man_n can_v be_v furnish_v with_o tree_n of_o a_o good_a largeness_n to_o bear_v so_o soon_o by_o stock_n raise_v by_o kernel_n and_o stone_n as_o by_o either_o those_o get_v out_o of_o wood_n etc._n etc._n or_o those_o raise_v by_o sucker_n that_o may_v be_v of_o several_a year_n growth_n before_o they_o be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o if_o at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o you_o get_v crab-tree-stock_n of_o six_o or_o seven_o year_n growth_n out_o of_o the_o wood_n or_o sucker_n and_o set_v they_o in_o order_n to_o be_v graff_v you_o sow_v kernel_n and_o stone_n the_o stock_n and_o sucker_n you_o so_o graft_v for_o six_o or_o eight_o year_n may_v continue_v large_a and_o big_a than_o the_o tree_n that_o come_v of_o kernel_n and_o stone_n but_o yet_o these_o lesser_a tree_n shall_v so_o get_v ground_n of_o the_o other_o that_o by_o the_o ten_o or_o twelve_o year_n they_o shall_v have_v overtake_v they_o and_o as_o to_o the_o way_n of_o raise_v stock_n for_o pear_n plum_n and_o cherry_n by_o sucker_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o tree_n so_o raise_v will_v be_v ever_o apt_a to_o cast_v up_o such_o sucker_n themselves_o and_o such_o as_o do_v be_v seldom_o find_v to_o be_v good_a bear_v tree_n by_o reason_n they_o expend_v their_o sap_n so_o much_o that_o way_n nevertheless_o they_o may_v be_v useful_a for_o wall-fruit_n and_o dwarf-tree_n as_o you_o will_v see_v hereafter_o in_o a_o peculiar_a chapter_n and_o last_o against_o both_o these_o way_n of_o furnish_v a_o man_n self_n with_o the_o aforementioned_a stock_n there_o be_v this_o to_o be_v say_v that_o a_o man_n shall_v very_o difficultly_a store_n himself_o with_o as_o many_o as_o he_o may_v desire_v and_o many_o of_o they_o will_v prove_v bad_a and_o miscarry_v whereas_o from_o kernel_n it_o be_v almost_o the_o same_o labour_n to_o have_v thousand_o as_o hundred_o and_o such_o as_o will_v almost_o all_o of_o they_o be_v sit_v for_o use_v have_v thus_o give_v reason_n from_o certain_a experience_n why_o a_o planter_n ought_v to_o have_v a_o nursery_n and_o seminary_n of_o his_o own_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o direct_v how_o to_o order_v they_o and_o thence_o take_v my_o first_o rise_n from_o whence_o the_o planter_n be_v to_o take_v he_o chap._n i._o of_o the_o seminary_n ground_n of_o order_v the_o ground_n sect_n 1._o against_o the_o beginning_n of_o october_n prepare_v ground_n by_o dig_v and_o cleanse_v it_o from_o weed_n and_o root_n make_v the_o mould_n very_o fine_a choose_v not_o a_o wet_a or_o very_o stiff_a clay-land_n nor_o over_o rich_a with_o dung_n but_o such_o as_o be_v of_o itself_o good_a you_o may_v make_v better_a only_o with_o a_o little_a mixture_n of_o very_a rot_a dung_n let_v it_o be_v fence_v from_o the_o cold_a as_o well_o as_o you_o can_v so_o that_o it_o be_v free_a from_o shade_n and_o dropping_n of_o tree_n stone_n of_o sit_v stone_n sect._n 2._o when_o you_o set_v stone_n which_o if_o they_o be_v stone_n of_o fruit_n soon_o ripe_a you_o must_v keep_v in_o sand_n till_o october_n do_v it_o by_o a_o line_n prick_v hole_n about_o a_o hand_n breadth_n distance_n one_o from_o another_o and_o then_o put_v in_o the_o stone_n about_o three_o inch_n deep_a with_o the_o sharp_a end_n uppermost_a when_o one_o row_n be_v finish_v remove_v your_o line_n a_o foot_n further_o and_o set_v another_o row_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n but_o let_v your_o three_o row_n be_v about_o two_o foot_n distant_a from_o the_o second_o that_o you_o may_v have_v liberty_n to_o go_v betwixt_o every_o two_o row_n to_o weed_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o proceed_v to_o set_v as_o many_o as_o you_o have_v a_o mind_n possible_o some_o of_o these_o stone_n may_v not_o come_v up_o till_o the_o second_o spring_n after_o they_o be_v set_v and_o may_v not_o deceive_v you_o if_o you_o then_o expect_v they_o nut_n of_o set_v nut_n sect._n 3_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n you_o be_v to_o set_v all_o kind_n of_o nut_n but_o because_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o your_o young_a walnut-tree_n and_o chestnut-tree_n shall_v grow_v long_o in_o your_o seed-plot_n than_o stone-fruit_n before_o they_o will_v be_v fit_a to_o be_v remove_v to_o the_o place_n they_o be_v to_o spend_v their_o life_n in_o you_o must_v set_v they_o at_o much_o
further_a distance_n that_o they_o may_v have_v more_o room_n to_o grow_v big_a without_o hurt_v one_o another_o seed_n of_o sow_v seed_n sect._n 4._o to_o raise_v stock_n from_o seed_n or_o kernel_n of_o apple_n or_o crab_n each_o of_o which_o sort_n be_v to_o be_v sow_v by_o themselves_o you_o must_v thus_o go_v to_o work_v when_o either_o you_o or_o any_o neighbour_n have_v make_v cider_n verjuice_n or_o perry_n take_v the_o must_v or_o as_o some_o call_v it_o the_o pouz_n which_o be_v the_o substance_n of_o the_o fruit_n after_o the_o juice_n be_v press_v out_o the_o same_o day_n or_o the_o next_o day_n after_o before_o it_o heat_n and_o with_o a_o riddle_n sift_v out_o the_o seed_n on_o a_o clean_a floor_n or_o cloth_n and_o these_o you_o must_v sow_v as_o soon_o as_o you_o can_v convenient_o upon_o bed_n of_o very_o fine_a forth_o very_o thick_a for_o some_o be_v bruise_v in_o the_o grind_n or_o pound_v the_o fruit_n and_o other_o not_o be_v ripe_a many_o never_o come_v up_o then_o sift_v mould_n upon_o they_o about_o two_o finger_n breadth_n in_o thickness_n this_o way_n be_v much_o better_a than_o to_o sow_v the_o seed_n with_o the_o must_v or_o pouz_n together_o as_o some_o do_v because_o the_o must_v will_v heat_v they_o and_o many_o of_o the_o seed_n will_v putrify_v and_o other_o will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o root_v or_o shoot_v up_o because_o they_o be_v so_o imprison_v in_o that_o dry_a and_o tough_a stuff_n cling_v about_o they_o the_o bed_n of_o earth_n you_o sow_v they_o on_o may_v be_v make_v about_o two_o foot_n in_o breadth_n with_o a_o good_a distance_n between_o the_o bed_n that_o you_o may_v the_o better_o come_v at_o to_o weed_v they_o and_o draw_v they_o up_o as_o you_o have_v occasion_n prejudice_n of_o secure_v they_o from_o prejudice_n sect._n 5._o to_o keep_v fowl_n or_o bird_n from_o scrape_v they_o up_o lay_v some_o white-thorn_n on_o the_o bed_n till_o the_o ground_n be_v well_o settle_v some_o cover_v the_o bed_n with_o fearn_n or_o straw_n to_o keep_v they_o warm_v in_o the_o winter_n which_o may_v not_o do_v amiss_o but_o than_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v take_v off_o when_o the_o spring_n approach_v if_o mole_n or_o mouse_n get_v in_o which_o you_o will_v discover_v easy_o the_o mouse_n leave_v shell_n of_o the_o seed_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o bed_n they_o must_v be_v destroy_v for_o mouse_n therefore_o lie_v poison_n or_o oatmeal_n mix_v with_o pound_a glass_n and_o butter_n and_o cast_v bit_n of_o it_o upon_o the_o bed_n or_o set_v trap_n for_o the_o mouse_n and_o mole_n better_o know_v than_o describe_v plant_n order_v plant_n sect._n 6._o the_o next_o spring_n you_o will_v see_v these_o stone_n and_o seed_n come_v up_o plentiful_o first_o the_o dissimilar_v leaf_n almost_o of_o the_o shape_n of_o the_o kernel_n split_v in_o two_o and_o from_o betwixt_o they_o will_v the_o stem_n put_v forth_o keep_v they_o clean_o from_o weed_n all_o the_o year_n which_o must_v be_v pluck_v up_o while_o they_o be_v young_a lest_o if_o they_o get_v root_n in_o draw_v they_o up_o you_o root_v up_o the_o seedling_n with_o they_o these_o weed_n and_o such_o as_o be_v pluck_v up_o any_o where_o else_o throw_v up_o into_o a_o heap_n will_v rot_v and_o become_v very_o good_a manure_n but_o this_o shall_v be_v before_o they_o be_v seed_v for_o then_o the_o manure_n make_v of_o they_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o make_v the_o ground_n it_o be_v cast_v upon_o more_o subject_n to_o weed_n if_o a_o dry_a time_n happen_v you_o may_v sometime_o in_o the_o summer_n water_n the_o bed_n stock_n the_o proper_a seed_n for_o stock_n sect._n 7._o to_o furnish_v yourself_o with_o a_o competent_a variety_n of_o stock_n for_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o fruit-tree_n your_o seminary_n be_v to_o be_v store_v with_o these_o follow_v such_o as_o come_v of_o peach-stone_n plum-stone_n cherry-stone_n apple-kernel_n crab-kernel_n and_o pear-kernel_n and_o from_o nut_n you_o raise_v your_o nut-tree_n peach-stone_n be_v to_o yield_v you_o stock_n for_o peach_n and_o nectarine_n plum-stone_n stock_n for_o peach_n nectarine_n apricock_n and_o plum_n cherry-stone_n stock_n for_o cherry_n seed_n of_o apple_n and_o crab_n produce_v stock_n for_o appletree_n and_o last_o the_o seed_n of_o pear_n yield_v stock_n for_o pear-tree_n stock_n other_o way_n to_o raise_v stock_n sect._n 8._o there_o be_v likewise_o some_o other_o way_n to_o be_v furnish_v with_o stock_n and_o which_o you_o shall_v find_v hereafter_o be_v in_o some_o case_n to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o that_o be_v for_o pear_n plum_n and_o cherry_n by_o sucker_n spring_v out_o of_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o for_o several_a sort_n of_o apple_n and_o pear_n by_o cut_n of_o appletree_n and_o quince-tree_n which_o i_o here_o intimate_v because_o stock_n thus_o raise_v be_v sometime_o bring_v up_o in_o nursery_n but_o the_o full_a direction_n about_o they_o be_v give_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o dwarf-tree_n mr._n evelyn_n say_v the_o end_n of_o root_n that_o be_v cut_v off_o from_o young_a tree_n take_v up_o to_o be_v transplant_v and_o set_v in_o bed_n of_o good_a earth_n will_v shoot_v forth_o top_n and_o become_v good_a stock_n such_o may_v serve_v for_o dwarf-tree_n or_o for_o wall_n and_o i_o have_v hear_v a_o ingenious_a person_n speak_v of_o inoculate_v bud_n on_o the_o small_a root_n of_o great_a tree_n that_o grow_v at_o further_a distance_n from_o the_o body_n and_o after_o a_o year_n growth_n to_o cut_v off_o the_o root_n about_o a_o foot_n in_o length_n with_o the_o new_a shoot_n grow_v upon_o it_o and_o transplant_v it_o because_o a_o tree_n will_v be_v soon_o raise_v thus_o than_o from_o a_o seed_n or_o stone_n in_o case_n of_o a_o exigent_n for_o a_o stock_n or_o two_o this_o way_n may_v be_v practise_v but_o it_o will_v be_v find_v too_o troublesome_a for_o general_a use_n chap._n ii_o observation_n concern_v the_o raise_n of_o stock_n in_o the_o seminary_n or_o elsewhere_o fruit._n seed_n produce_v not_o their_o own_o fruit._n sect_n 1._o seed_n or_o stone_n of_o fruit_n gather_v from_o tree_n that_o have_v be_v graff_v or_o inoculate_v on_o stock_n of_o different_a kind_n from_o the_o cyens_n produce_v of_o themselves_o not_o be_v graff_v or_o inoculate_v not_o the_o same_o fruit_n as_o that_o be_v from_o whence_o the_o seed_n or_o stone_n come_v but_o a_o different_a and_o most_o common_o a_o worse_a the_o stone_n of_o peach_n produce_v tree_n that_o will_v bear_v peach_n sometime_o better_o than_o the_o peach_v out_o of_o which_o the_o stone_n be_v take_v although_o those_o peach_n grow_v upon_o a_o tree_n that_o be_v inoculate_v on_o a_o plum_n and_o therefore_o some_o gardiner_n by_o set_v many_o stone_n of_o the_o newington_n peach_n have_v find_v some_o among_o the_o tree_n come_v up_o from_o they_o to_o bear_v a_o fruit_n rather_o improve_v then_o worse_o and_o by_o give_v it_o a_o new_a name_n and_o inoculate_v from_o it_o have_v make_v good_a gain_n of_o it_o but_o this_o be_v not_o a_o practice_n for_o every_o private_a person_n because_o peach-tree_n so_o raise_v will_v be_v long_o before_o they_o bear_v fruit_n than_o those_o which_o be_v inoculate_v and_o because_o he_o must_v run_v the_o hazard_n of_o fill_v great_a part_n of_o his_o wall_n with_o these_o peach-tree_n thus_o raise_v from_o stone_n and_o not_o one_o it_o may_v be_v in_o many_o prove_v any_o thing_n extraordinary_a and_o the_o rest_n of_o no_o use_n unless_o for_o stock_n after_o he_o have_v wait_v several_a year_n to_o see_v what_o fruit_n they_o will_v bear_v plum_n stock_n for_o apricock_n nectarine_n and_o plum_n sect._n 2._o it_o be_v controvert_v among_o man_n of_o this_o profession_n whether_o stock_n from_o peach-stone_n be_v best_a to_o inoculate_v peach_n upon_o both_o side_n have_v their_o peculiar_a advantage_n which_o i_o shall_v here_o set_v down_o and_o leave_v every_o man_n to_o his_o choice_n stock_n from_o peach-stone_n will_v be_v soon_o ready_a to_o inoculate_v and_o the_o bud_n will_v take_v very_o sure_a that_o be_v inoculate_v into_o they_o but_o they_o must_v be_v careful_o and_o tender_o use_v in_o the_o removal_n and_o must_v not_o be_v expect_v to_o make_v long_o last_a tree_n stock_n from_o plum-stone_n and_o bud_v with_o a_o peach_n will_v make_v a_o more_o firm_a and_o last_a peach-tree_n and_o such_o as_o will_v bear_v fruit_n well_o therefore_o rather_o raise_v stock_n for_o peach_n nectarine_n apricock_n and_o plum_n from_o stone_n of_o the_o wheat-plum_n which_o be_v a_o white-plum_n ripe_a in_o august_n if_o you_o can_v have_v they_o or_o in_o want_n of_o they_o from_o the_o stone_n of_o the_o white-pear-plum_n which_o be_v general_o commend_v and_o use_v or_o of_o other_o good_a
likelihood_n lose_v at_o last_o but_o if_o a_o man_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o raise_v a_o good_a new_a fence_n about_o a_o field_n he_o design_n to_o enclose_v which_o he_o can_v keep_v for_o four_o or_o five_o year_n together_o to_o bear_v corn_n or_o clover-grass_n to_o mow_v that_o cattle_n may_v be_v so_o long_o keep_v out_o of_o it_o he_o may_v do_v it_o rare_o well_o by_o sow_v apple-kernel_n of_o as_o many_o sort_n as_o he_o will_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o new_a make_v ditch-bank_n make_v the_o dead_a hedge_n that_o be_v usual_o on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o bank_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o ditch_n to_o defend_v they_o when_o they_o be_v grow_v up_o he_o may_v plash_n this_o hedge_n leave_v at_o every_o four_o or_o five_o yard_n distance_n one_o of_o the_o best_a tree_n to_o grow_v up_o which_o of_o themselves_o will_v bear_v good_a cyder-fruit_n or_o may_v be_v graff_v to_o bear_v what_o please_v the_o owner_n and_o by_o this_o mean_n in_o a_o little_a time_n and_o with_o small_a charge_n he_o shall_v have_v a_o fruitbearing_a and_o impregnable_a hedge_n kernel_n of_o the_o pith_n and_o kernel_n sect._n 7._o it_o be_v hold_v by_o some_o that_o the_o kernel_n of_o the_o fruit_n have_v a_o great_a dependence_n upon_o and_o sympathy_n with_o the_o pith_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o that_o hollow-tree_n though_o they_o grow_v and_o bear_v fruit_n yet_o that_o fruit_n have_v few_o kernel_n in_o it_o and_o those_o little_a better_o than_o wither_a husk_n when_o i_o be_v a_o young_a planter_n i_o be_v once_o in_o want_n of_o pear-stock_n and_o make_v my_o complaint_n to_o a_o ancient_a practiser_n a_o man_n of_o very_o good_a judgement_n in_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o that_o know_v he_o and_o he_o tell_v i_o he_o have_v oft_o sow_v kernel_n of_o pear_n and_o never_o can_v get_v any_o to_o grow_v yet_o i_o procure_v some_o seed_n of_o pear_n from_o the_o mill_n that_o be_v very_o ripe_a and_o have_v stock_n enough_o from_o they_o which_o make_v i_o believe_v my_o friend_n take_v his_o kernel_n from_o a_o tree_n that_o be_v hollow-hearted_a as_o pear-tree_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o be_v than_o any_o other_o fruit-tree_n i_o mention_v this_o the_o rather_o because_o if_o a_o planter_n try_v any_o thing_n but_o once_o and_o fail_v he_o shall_v not_o be_v discourage_v and_o particular_o in_o this_o but_o if_o he_o can_v get_v ripe_a seed_n which_o will_v be_v then_o very_a black_a and_o of_o a_o sound_a tree_n he_o need_v not_o doubt_v the_o success_n and_o to_o have_v plenty_n of_o stock_n such_o as_o be_v best_a for_o large_a standard_n for_o orchard_n or_o field_n there_o be_v no_o better_a way_n of_o raise_v they_o than_o by_o kernel_n with_o which_o a_o man_n can_v no_o way_n be_v plentiful_o and_o easy_o provide_v but_o at_o the_o time_n and_o place_n of_o make_v perry_n though_o he_o do_v send_v some_o mile_n for_o they_o i_o shall_v end_v this_o chapter_n with_o this_o one_o observation_n more_o not_o unsuitable_a to_o what_o go_v before_o and_o which_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o verify_v more_o than_o once_o or_o twice_o in_o my_o own_o experience_n that_o there_o be_v some_o hollow_a fruit-tree_n that_o bear_v fruit_n so_o much_o more_o excellent_a than_o any_o of_o the_o same_o kind_a the_o owner_n have_v have_v or_o can_v elsewhere_o meet_v with_o that_o they_o have_v be_v very_o desirous_a to_o propagate_v from_o they_o but_o never_o can_v any_o manner_n of_o way_n raise_v young_a one_o of_o those_o old_a tree_n that_o will_v bear_v so_o good_a a_o fruit_n which_o seem_v to_o infer_v that_o the_o fruit_n of_o a_o tree_n may_v be_v the_o better_a for_o the_o pith_n be_v consume_v and_o if_o that_o be_v true_a it_o must_v be_v so_o because_o the_o pith_n convey_v to_o the_o fruit_n a_o worse_a sort_n of_o juice_n than_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o tree_n do_v and_o therefore_o be_v free_v from_o that_o infection_n by_o the_o consumption_n of_o the_o pith_n the_o fruit_n become_v more_o choice_n and_o delicate_a and_o that_o the_o pith_n be_v the_o conveyance_n of_o a_o courser_n or_o other_o sort_n of_o juice_n be_v render_v in_o some_o sort_n probable_a because_o as_o have_v be_v before_o observe_v the_o kernel_n of_o fruit_n depend_v much_o upon_o the_o pith_n which_o almost_o never_o produce_v such_o good_a fruit_n as_o they_o come_v out_o of_o and_o general_o much_o worse_a chap._n iii_o of_o transplant_n the_o seedling_n seeding_n of_o remove_v seeding_n sect_n 1._o in_o october_n after_o one_o summer_n growth_n in_o the_o seed-plot_n you_o ought_v to_o draw_v up_o with_o your_o hand_n such_o of_o your_o crab_n apple_n or_o pear-seedlings_a as_o you_o sin_v grow_v above_o a_o foot_n in_o height_n as_o for_o those_o from_o stone_n they_o need_v not_o be_v remove_v but_o inoculate_v in_o the_o seminary_n the_o stone_n be_v set_v at_o the_o distance_n aforesaid_a when_o they_o be_v draw_v up_o cut_v off_o the_o side-sprigg_n from_o about_o the_o top_n and_o the_o string_n from_o about_o the_o root_n and_o snip_n off_o the_o extremity_n both_o of_o the_o top_n that_o it_o may_v not_o run_v too_o fast_o upward_a but_o the_o body_n may_v grow_v in_o bigness_n and_o of_o the_o tap_n or_o heart-root_n that_o it_o may_v not_o run_v direct_o downward_o lest_o it_o run_v further_a than_o the_o good_a soil_n but_o may_v be_v more_o apt_a to_o spread_v its_o root_n in_o breadth_n have_v bed_n ready_o prepare_v of_o good_a fertile_a dry_a earth_n not_o over_o rich_a lest_o upon_o removal_n afterward_o into_o a_o much_o worse_a soil_n as_o for_o the_o most_o part_n orchard_n and_o field_n ground_n be_v your_o tree_n come_v of_o a_o sudden_a from_o such_o delicate_a food_n to_o such_o course_n fare_v pine_v away_o if_o they_o do_v not_o perish_v and_o this_o be_v but_o reasonable_o think_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o many_o tree_n buy_v out_o of_o london_n nursery_n which_o be_v vast_o deep_a with_o fat_a and_o rich_a manure_n decay_n or_o come_v on_o very_o poor_o when_o they_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o country_n therefore_o upon_o every_o removal_n endeavour_v to_o have_v earth_n as_o good_a or_o better_a to_o place_n next_o the_o root_n than_o that_o out_o of_o which_o they_o be_v take_v if_o any_o of_o these_o spring_n upright_o top_v they_o early_o it_o will_v make_v they_o grow_v big_a body_v and_o so_o become_v soon_o ready_a for_o graft_n they_o of_o save_v they_o sect._n 2._o let_v every_o bed_n you_o make_v for_o set_v these_o plant_n in_o be_v about_o two_o foot_n broad_a leave_v room_n betwixt_o each_o bed_n to_o walk_v and_o work_v about_o they_o without_o prejudice_v the_o plant_n set_v two_o row_n a_o foot_n or_o more_o distant_a each_o from_o other_o on_o every_o bed_n by_o draw_v a_o line_n and_o prick_a hole_n a_o full_a foot_n asunder_o let_v the_o hole_n be_v so_o deep_a that_o if_o the_o root_n be_v not_o very_o long_o you_o may_v set_v your_o plant_n at_o least_o two_o singer_n breadth_n deep_a in_o the_o ground_n than_o they_o grow_v in_o the_o seed-plot_n close_o the_o mould_n about_o they_o and_o if_o it_o be_v a_o very_a dry_a time_n water_n they_o the_o same_o day_n the_o better_a to_o settle_v the_o earth_n about_o they_o if_o you_o can_v get_v old_a fearn_n in_o some_o place_n call_v also_o brake_n or_o for_o want_n of_o it_o straw_n or_o new_a dung_n cover_v the_o bed_n with_o it_o which_o will_v keep_v the_o root_n warm_a in_o the_o winter_n and_o preserve_v they_o from_o overmuch_a heat_n in_o the_o summer_n if_o the_o land_n be_v any_o whit_n stiff_a this_o cover_n will_v make_v it_o mellow_a and_o when_o rot_a enrich_v it_o and_o very_o much_o hinder_v the_o growth_n of_o weed_n which_o ought_v due_o to_o be_v pluck_v up_o and_o put_v new_a fearn_n etc._n etc._n as_o the_o old_a rot_n they_o of_o dress_v they_o sect._n 3_o those_o of_o your_o plant_n which_o be_v not_o grow_v above_o a_o foot_n in_o height_n you_o may_v let_v remain_v in_o your_o seed-plot_n till_o another_o year_n if_o you_o intend_v to_o raise_v any_o stock_n to_o be_v set_v out_o in_o field_n before_o they_o be_v graff_v you_o need_v not_o top_v they_o upon_o their_o first_o removal_n neither_o need_v you_o remove_v they_o till_o they_o be_v grow_v high_a enough_o to_o stand_v in_o the_o field_n if_o you_o find_v that_o they_o spread_v their_o root_n and_o run_v not_o downward_o as_o in_o gravelly_a and_o such_o kind_n of_o soil_n they_o will_v not_o be_v apt_a to_o do_v and_o by_o the_o first_o you_o draw_v up_o you_o may_v judge_v of_o the_o rest_n whether_o they_o do_v or_o no_o if_o you_o reserve_v any_o for_o this_o use_n you_o have_v best_o choose_v such_o as_o grow_v straight_o
and_o often_o not_o till_o april_n because_o this_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o best_a way_n of_o graft_n they_o but_o if_o you_o will_v graff_n any_o apple_n in_o the_o cleave_a you_o may_v do_v it_o a_o little_a soon_o perhaps_o you_o may_v not_o have_v several_a sort_n of_o plum_n cherry_n or_o pear_n so_o near_o you_o as_o that_o you_o may_v get_v bud_n fresh_a enough_o for_o inoculation_n in_o this_o case_n you_o may_v procure_v cyens_n and_o graff_n they_o and_o they_o will_v continue_v fresh_a though_o you_o shall_v send_v for_o they_o from_o beyond_o sea_n order_v cut_v and_o order_v sect._n 4._o these_o cyens_n may_v be_v keep_v three_o week_n or_o a_o month_n after_o they_o be_v cut_v before_o they_o be_v use_v and_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o fortnight_n or_o three_o week_n betwixt_o the_o time_n of_o their_o be_v cut_v and_o of_o their_o be_v graff_v that_o the_o stock_n in_o that_o time_n may_v be_v more_o replenish_v with_o sap_n and_o the_o cyen_n be_v more_o empty_a of_o it_o to_o keep_v your_o cyens_n or_o graff_n after_o they_o be_v cut_v you_o need_v not_o as_o some_o direct_a bury_v they_o in_o moist_a mould_n for_o this_o may_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o make_v they_o swell_v and_o bud_v forth_o by_o receive_v moisture_n from_o the_o earth_n and_o then_o when_o by_o graft_n they_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o cold_a open_a air_n they_o will_v be_v in_o danger_n to_o wither_v and_o die_v before_o they_o have_v nourishment_n from_o the_o stock_n you_o may_v lay_v they_o in_o a_o dry_a house_n so_o it_o be_v near_o no_o heat_n or_o under_o a_o old_a tree_n or_o hedge_n and_o cover_v they_o all_o over_o with_o dry_a mould_n that_o the_o air_n may_v not_o have_v too_o much_o influence_n upon_o they_o though_o they_o seem_v somewhat_o dry_a yet_o if_o they_o cut_v with_o a_o fresh_a colour_n and_o be_v not_o much_o wither_v they_o will_v not_o grow_v the_o worse_a but_o rather_o the_o better_a yea_o some_o that_o have_v seem_v wither_v be_v carry_v in_o a_o cloak-bag_n seventy_o or_o eighty_o mile_n have_v grow_v well_o suffer_v not_o the_o bud_n to_o be_v hurt_v or_o rub_v in_o the_o bind_n or_o carriage_n graft_n of_o joint_n and_o height_n of_o graft_n sect._n 5._o there_o be_v some_o indifferent_a whether_o they_o graff_n at_o a_o joint_n or_o no_o but_o forecast_n to_o have_v a_o bud_n direct_o behind_o the_o shoulder_n of_o the_o cyen_n if_o cyens_n with_o joint_n be_v scarce_o you_o may_v practice_v so_o on_o small_a stock_n that_o will_v be_v speedy_o cover_v but_o if_o cyens_n can_v be_v have_v with_o joint_n never_o graff_n with_o other_o for_o these_o will_v cover_v the_o stock_n soon_o it_o will_v do_v well_o in_o graft_n stock_n for_o large_a standard_n to_o put_v but_o one_o cyen_v into_o a_o stock_n and_o if_o it_o put_v forth_o several_a shoot_v to_o cut_v off_o all_o but_o one_o that_o be_v the_o straight_a and_o strong_a but_o for_o dwarf_n and_o wall-fruit_n put_v in_o two_o cyens_n if_o the_o stock_n be_v big_a enough_o let_v the_o late_a be_v graff_v near_o the_o ground_n the_o former_a at_o such_o height_n as_o the_o stock_n will_v allow_v tâ—ees_n mark_v tâ—ees_n sect._n 6._o in_o graft_n or_o inoculate_v it_o may_v be_v necessary_a to_o have_v some_o mark_n to_o know_v what_o kind_n of_o fruit_n be_v put_v upon_o each_o stock_n if_o you_o graff_n many_o of_o one_o kind_n as_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o cyder-fruit_n you_o may_v observe_v to_o make_v every_o row_n to_o consist_v but_o of_o one_o kind_n and_o it_o be_v but_o enter_v in_o a_o book_n that_o such_o a_o row_n have_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o fruit_n in_o it_o and_o no_o other_o but_o where_o there_o be_v several_a in_o one_o row_n there_o may_v be_v a_o stake_n knock_v into_o the_o ground_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o every_o new_a sort_n and_o so_o enter_v in_o your_o book_n and_o where_o you_o have_v very_o few_o of_o a_o kind_n or_o for_o your_o whole_a nursery_n if_o you_o please_v you_o may_v make_v mark_n of_o several_a figure_n or_o shape_n in_o the_o bark_n of_o the_o stock_n which_o mark_n enter_v into_o your_o book_n and_o what_o kind_n it_o denote_v and_o at_o two_o or_o three_o year_n when_o you_o remove_v it_o the_o mark_n will_v be_v very_o visible_a and_o by_o renew_v the_o mark_n sometime_o you_o may_v continue_v it_o as_o long_o as_o you_o please_v and_o if_o any_o tree_n be_v steal_v you_o may_v own_v it_o by_o the_o mark_n chap._n viii_o of_o plant_v wall-fruit_n sect_n 1._o time_n time_n stone-fruit_n will_v be_v first_o ready_a to_o remove_v for_o after_o two_o year_n growth_n in_o the_o seed-plot_n or_o nursery_n after_o they_o be_v inoculate_v or_o graff_v you_o may_v well_o remove_v they_o be_v they_o for_o wall_n or_o dwarf_n which_o you_o ought_v to_o do_v in_o october_n or_o november_n early_o remove_v be_v advantageous_a for_o all_o fruit-tree_n both_o for_o the_o security_n of_o their_o grow_a and_o for_o their_o well_o grow_v young_a tree_n have_v be_v take_v up_o about_o november_n and_o the_o end_n of_o the_o root_n cut_v off_o and_o lay_v in_o the_o earth_n till_o march_v to_o be_v plant_v be_v then_o take_v forth_o again_o it_o have_v appear_v that_o they_o have_v put_v out_o many_o fibrous_a root_n at_o the_o end_n of_o those_o big_a root_n that_o be_v cut_v off_o which_o have_v they_o do_v in_o the_o place_n they_o be_v to_o grow_v in_o the_o next_o summer_n this_o will_v have_v be_v a_o good_a preparation_n against_o spring_n and_o it_o be_v always_o see_v that_o tree_n set_v in_o february_n or_o march_n make_v general_o a_o much_o less_o growth_n the_o next_o year_n than_o those_o that_o be_v set_v before_o winter_n if_o a_o dry_a summer_n happen_v to_o succeed_v it_o often_o kill_v some_o of_o the_o late_o set_v tree_n and_o put_v such_o a_o stop_n to_o other_o that_o they_o recover_v not_o of_o many_o year_n in_o sharp_a frost_n though_o you_o can_v dig_v it_o be_v not_o good_a to_o remove_v tree_n distance_n prepare_v ground_n and_o distance_n sect._n 2._o make_v a_o trench_n by_o the_o wall-side_n you_o be_v to_o set_v they_o up_o to_o about_o two_o foot_n broad_a and_o as_o deep_a and_o in_o every_o place_n where_o a_o tree_n be_v to_o be_v set_v about_o a_o yard_n square_a mingle_v good_a old_a rot_a neats-dung_n with_o the_o earth_n and_o fill_v it_o up_o near_o as_o high_a as_o you_o intend_v the_o border_n to_o be_v and_o when_o you_o have_v fill_v it_o about_o half_o full_a tread_v it_o down_o but_o if_o you_o design_v no_o border_n make_v then_o only_o a_o hole_n for_o each_o tree_n of_o the_o square_a before_o mention_v but_o if_o your_o soil_n be_v wet_a or_o bind_v gravel_n or_o such_o like_a very_o bad_a in_o the_o bottom_n go_v not_o so_o deep_a it_o will_v be_v better_a to_o set_v they_o shallow_a and_o raise_v the_o earth_n about_o they_o as_o to_o the_o distance_n wall-fruit-tree_n be_v to_o be_v set_v at_o where_o they_o be_v to_o grow_v you_o may_v learn_v that_o best_a by_o consider_v their_o aptness_n to_o spread_v apricock_n and_o pear_n spread_v most_o the_o may_v cherry_n and_o some_o other_o be_v of_o very_o small_a growth_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o give_v rule_n for_o all_o but_o the_o general_a distance_n be_v about_o four_o yard_n asunder_o they_o mix_v soil_n and_o set_v they_o sect._n 3_o if_o it_o be_v not_o a_o manure_v land_n you_o set_v they_o in_o have_v in_o readiness_n some_o very_a fine_a rich_a mould_n or_o shovel_v of_o a_o yard_n where_o cattle_n be_v frequent_o lodge_v or_o feed_v that_o have_v lie_v on_o heap_n till_o it_o be_v mellow_a and_o become_v dry_a or_o rot_a neats-dung_n which_o you_o may_v mix_v with_o the_o earth_n that_o come_v forth_o of_o the_o hole_n and_o so_o order_v it_o that_o it_o may_v be_v as_o good_a or_o better_a than_o that_o out_o of_o which_o your_o tree_n come_v fill_v the_o hole_n half_a way_n up_o with_o this_o and_o tread_v it_o down_o in_o such_o form_n have_v respect_n to_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tree_n that_o be_v to_o be_v set_v in_o it_o that_o the_o root_n may_v rest_v close_o upon_o it_o cut_a off_o the_o end_n of_o all_o the_o root_n if_o it_o have_v one_o long_o downright_a root_n you_o may_v cut_v it_o almost_o half_o off_o try_v by_o set_v the_o tree_n in_o the_o hole_n which_o side_n will_v stand_v best_a to_o the_o wall_n and_o then_o cut_v off_o such_o branch_n as_o grow_v direct_o towards_o and_o fromward_o the_o wall_n leave_v only_o the_o side_n branch_n to_o be_v nail_v unto_o it_o then_o clap_v your_o tree_n in_o place_v it_o as_o far_o from_o the_o wall_n as_o the_o top_n will_v allow_v
grow_v more_o early_o and_o by_o shade_n in_o the_o summer_n preserve_v it_o from_o burn_v but_o the_o tree_n be_v set_v at_o such_o a_o distance_n the_o land_n may_v continue_v sit_v for_o my_o purpose_n for_o ever_o if_o you_o dress_v or_o prune_v these_o tree_n high_a up_o than_o any_o other_o that_o no_o bough_n may_v hang_v in_o the_o reach_n of_o cattle_n and_o for_o the_o convenience_n of_o go_v about_o they_o with_o your_o team_n to_o any_o work_n and_o thereby_o the_o air_n and_o rain_n will_v have_v free_a access_n to_o the_o grass_n or_o grain_n near_o about_o they_o and_o the_o fruit_n will_v be_v safe_a from_o common_a pilferer_n these_o need_v no_o other_o fence_v than_o thorn_n bind_v about_o they_o and_o a_o stake_n drive_v in_o the_o midst_n to_o keep_v they_o from_o shake_v because_o you_o may_v receive_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o stubble_n or_o fallow_a without_o suffer_v any_o large_a cattle_n that_o will_v browse_v upon_o they_o to_o come_v into_o the_o ground_n sect._n 4._o walk_n ii_o walk_n another_o way_n of_o plant_v fruit-tree_n in_o field_n be_v by_o set_a walk_n of_o they_o run_v through_o the_o midst_n or_o along_o the_o side_n of_o your_o pasture_n ground_n where_o you_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o have_v walk_n for_o ornament_n for_o why_o we_o shall_v not_o plant_v fruit-tree_n for_o walk_n as_o well_o as_o sycomore_n ash-tree_n etc._n etc._n i_o know_v not_o there_o be_v some_o sort_n of_o fruit-tree_n that_o will_v and_o almost_o any_o kind_n may_v be_v order_v by_o prune_v so_o as_o to_o grow_v very_o handsome_a in_o shape_n beside_o the_o beauty_n and_o sweet_a smell_n of_o the_o blossom_n and_o worth_a of_o the_o fruit_n to_o prevent_v damage_n by_o cattle_n fence_v of_o fence_v if_o you_o go_v this_o way_n to_o work_v in_o field-planting_a they_o must_v be_v well_o grow_v before_o you_o set_v they_o that_o be_v they_o must_v be_v of_o about_o six_o year_n growth_n and_o then_o well_o fence_v and_o there_o be_v two_o way_n use_v to_o save_v they_o harmless_a tump_v by_o tump_v 1._o one_o much_o commend_v be_v by_o tump_v they_o and_o it_o be_v perform_v thus_o set_v your_o tree_n in_o the_o place_n design_v almost_o on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o ground_n no_o deep_a than_o to_o make_v it_o stand_v though_o all_o the_o root_n be_v not_o cover_v till_o the_o tump_n or_o mound_n be_v raise_v about_o it_o and_o then_o take_v a_o line_n about_o a_o yard_n and_o quarter_n long_o tie_v the_o one_o end_n of_o it_o about_o the_o tree_n but_o so_o that_o in_o go_v round_o the_o tree_n with_o the_o line_n strain_v it_o may_v slip_v about_o the_o tree_n as_o you_o go_v fasten_v the_o other_o end_n to_o a_o iron_n setter_n or_o stick_v with_o a_o sharp_a point_n and_o as_o you_o go_v round_o the_o tree_n mark_v the_o ground_n make_v then_o a_o ditch_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o round_a score_n and_o lay_v the_o turf_n handsome_o two_o or_o three_o height_n with_o the_o grass_n side_n outward_a so_o as_o to_o make_v the_o work_n full_a half_n a_o yard_n high_a cast_v the_o mould_n out_o of_o the_o ditch_n observe_v to_o throw_v the_o best_a of_o it_o next_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tree_n till_o you_o have_v raise_v it_o within_o as_o high_a as_o the_o turf_n then_o prick_v strong_a thorn_n into_o the_o mould_n that_o they_o may_v lie_v upon_o the_o turf_n and_o point_n outward_o a_o yard_n over_o the_o turf_n as_o you_o place_v the_o thorn_n put_v more_o turf_n or_o fast_o heavy_a earth_n out_o of_o the_o ditch_n upon_o the_o end_n of_o they_o tread_v it_o down_o the_o better_a to_o six_o they_o and_o lay_v the_o earth_n shelve_v down_o from_o the_o turf_n towards_o the_o tree_n that_o if_o rain_v fall_v it_o may_v soak_v towards_o the_o root_n if_o you_o have_v any_o small_a thorn_n brier_n fur_n or_o gorst_a lay_v it_o on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o work_n finish_v round_o the_o tree_n and_o repair_v all_o yearly_a as_o you_o see_v cause_n which_o may_v be_v do_v with_o small_a trouble_n the_o great_a convenience_n of_o this_o way_n of_o set_v fruit-tree_n will_v appear_v in_o these_o follow_a observation_n therein_o advantage_n therein_o 1._o if_o your_o land_n be_v over_o moist_a this_o ditch_n will_v drain_v all_o wet_a from_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tree_n but_o if_o the_o land_n be_v clay_n or_o such_o that_o water_n will_v stand_v in_o then_o when_o you_o perceive_v it_o which_o be_v very_o rare_o cut_v some_o little_a notch_n or_o trench_n to_o let_v it_o out_o 2._o this_o way_n of_o set_v be_v commend_v in_o dry_a land_n because_o the_o earth_n of_o the_o mound_n will_v secure_v the_o root_n from_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o every_o shower_n of_o rain_n will_v much_o refresh_v it_o by_o soak_v towards_o the_o tree_n 3._o you_o need_v not_o bind_v your_o tree_n to_o a_o stake_n which_o do_v often_o gall_n and_o hurt_v the_o tree_n for_o so_o much_o earth_n about_o it_o will_v keep_v it_o steady_a 4._o if_o your_o land_n be_v stiff_a or_o strong_a old_a land_n the_o mound_n make_v of_o it_o will_v mellow_v and_o improve_v about_o the_o root_n and_o also_o by_o that_o time_n the_o root_n spread_v as_o far_o as_o the_o ditch_n it_o will_v be_v fill_v up_o with_o mould_n fall_v from_o the_o tump_n and_o with_o stick_n leaf_n etc._n etc._n which_o will_v be_v rot_v loose_a and_o good_a for_o tree_n to_o root_n in_o and_o by_o that_o time_n they_o will_v need_v little_a or_o no_o defence_n if_o any_o at_o all_o a_o few_o thorn_n tie_v about_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n to_o keep_v cattle_n from_o rub_v against_o they_o will_v be_v enough_o 5._o the_o chief_a benefit_n of_o set_v tree_n thus_o be_v that_o where_o the_o soil_n be_v somewhat_o too_o moist_a or_o shallow_a the_o tree_n be_v set_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o land_n will_v put_v forth_o its_o root_n plentiful_o into_o the_o earth_n cast_v up_o and_o thence_o shoot_v into_o the_o upper_a turf_n and_o best_a land_n that_o have_v be_v plough_v and_o manure_v before_o 2._o the_o second_o way_n of_o fence_v be_v paâ—ing_v by_o paâ—ing_v by_o erect_v at_o a_o foot_n and_o half_a distance_n one_o from_o another_o about_o every_o tree_n three_o small_a post_n if_o they_o be_v saw_v they_o need_v be_v but_o three_o inch_n square_a or_o you_o may_v use_v pole_n or_o straight_a bough_n either_o whole_a or_o if_o big_a enough_o cleave_v in_o two_o three_o or_o four_o part_n about_o five_o foot_n above_o the_o ground_n in_o height_n be_v drive_v into_o the_o ground_n nail_v a_o cross-bar_n of_o wood_n from_o each_o to_o other_o within_o a_o hand_n breadth_n of_o the_o top_n of_o the_o post_n to_o which_o bar_n nail_n a_o pale_a or_o two_o betwixt_o each_o two_o post_n stick_v into_o the_o ground_n or_o nail_v to_o the_o like_a cross_a bar_n within_o a_o foot_n of_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o post_n the_o way_n of_o it_o may_v be_v see_v now_o in_o diverse_a place_n and_o learn_v in_o a_o minute_n but_o i_o think_v what_o be_v here_o say_v make_v it_o plain_a enough_o requisite_a where_o it_o be_v requisite_a this_o be_v more_o chargeable_a than_o tump_v where_o timber_n be_v scarce_o but_o much_o more_o durable_a than_o it_o and_o absolute_o necessary_a where_o deer_n or_o rabbit_n or_o any_o thing_n that_o peel_v the_o bark_n of_o tree_n come_v into_o the_o land_n plant_v hedge_n iii_o by_o plant_v near_o hedge_n sect._n 5._o another_o way_n of_o plant_v in_o field_n which_o i_o have_v practise_v successful_o be_v thus_o when_o you_o scour_v a_o ditch_n and_o cut_v down_o or_o plash_n a_o old_a quick-hedg_n than_o set_v a_o row_n of_o tree_n within_o a_o yard_n of_o the_o hedge_n on_o that_o side_n that_o be_v not_o ditcht_v and_o fence_v they_o with_o half_a round_a tump_n only_o on_o the_o one_o side_n for_o the_o hedge_n will_v secure_v they_o on_o the_o other_o and_o from_o the_o cut_n or_o plash_v hedge_n you_o will_v common_o have_v thorn_n and_o brier_n enough_o for_o the_o mound_n to_o fence_v it_o as_o have_v be_v before_o direct_v and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n or_o in_o summer_n draw_v some_o of_o the_o quick_a thorn_n hip_n or_o brier_n from_o the_o hedge_n into_o the_o fence_n about_o the_o tump_n which_o will_v contribute_v to_o the_o strengthen_n and_o preserve_v the_o dead_a fence_n you_o have_v make_v about_o it_o before_o so_o that_o you_o may_v be_v free_a from_o trouble_n about_o it_o for_o ever_o after_o there_o be_v these_o advantage_n in_o this_o way_n of_o plant_v 1._o the_o ditch_n on_o the_o outside_n the_o hedge_n hereby_o benefit_n hereby_o drain_v the_o ground_n and_o make_v it_o healthful_a 2._o the_o ground_n near_o the_o hedge_n be_v common_o
in_o the_o cleft_n be_v not_o so_o apt_a to_o grow_v all_o of_o they_o nor_o to_o make_v so_o great_a a_o growth_n as_o those_o in_o the_o bark_n bâ—â—…_n in_o the_o bâ—â—…_n which_o with_o a_o little_a wariness_n may_v be_v preserve_v from_o danger_n of_o wind_n and_o full_a as_o much_o care_n must_v be_v have_v about_o those_o graffed_a in_o the_o cleave_a if_o you_o will_v preserve_v they_o all_o from_o the_o same_o prejudice_n observe_v 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v observe_v i_o have_v be_v use_v to_o observe_v the_o follow_a difference_n in_o graft_n these_o great_a bough_n from_o all_o the_o forementioned_a variety_n of_o graft_n and_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o thing_n well_o worthy_a to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o and_o observe_v 〈…〉_o in_o sâ—itting_v 〈…〉_o when_o you_o have_v prepare_v the_o cyen_v as_o you_o be_v direct_v to_o do_v when_o you_o graft_v in_o the_o bark_n apply_v it_o to_o the_o place_n you_o design_n to_o put_v it_o in_o and_o slit_v the_o bark_n of_o the_o bough_n through_o on_o both_o side_n the_o cyen_v close_o to_o it_o beginning_n at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o bough_n and_o not_o carry_v the_o slit_v much_o above_o half_a the_o length_n of_o the_o slope_n of_o the_o cyen_n separate_v that_o little_a portion_n of_o the_o bark_n between_o the_o two_o slit_n from_o the_o wood_n with_o your_o instrument_n thrust_v it_o a_o little_a low_o than_o the_o slit_n to_o let_v in_o the_o cyen_n as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v slope_v and_o then_o stick_v the_o cyen_v in_o have_v first_o take_v off_o from_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o cyen_v any_o unevenness_n not_o cut_v through_o the_o bark_n that_o all_o may_v the_o better_o sit_v together_o and_o you_o may_v put_v in_o two_o three_o or_o four_o cyen_n in_o every_o head_n have_v respect_n to_o the_o bigness_n of_o it_o or_o you_o may_v in_o the_o big_a put_v in_o two_o cyen_n in_o the_o cleave_a and_o two_o other_o in_o the_o bark_n do_v one_o of_o the_o late_a on_o the_o westside_n of_o it_o for_o then_o the_o wind_n blow_v it_o towards_o the_o head_n be_v not_o so_o apt_a to_o break_v it_o out_o as_o if_o it_o drive_v it_o from_o the_o head_n bound_v the_o head_n and_o clay_n they_o as_o you_o hear_v before_o and_o continue_v so_o to_o do_v yearly_a till_o the_o head_n be_v almost_o cover_v injure_v of_o preserve_v they_o fâ—om_o injure_v at_o the_o first_o clay_v stick_v in_o feather_n or_o long_o escure_v to_o prevent_v bird_n light_v on_o the_o cyens_n in_o july_n follow_v whether_o you_o graft_v these_o big_a stock_n in_o the_o cleave_a or_o bark_n pick_v off_o most_o of_o the_o leaf_n of_o the_o cyens_n and_o cut_v off_o such_o sprig_n as_o grow_v inward_a will_v make_v the_o head_n thick_a and_o all_o stragle_a out-bough_n that_o the_o wind_n may_v not_o have_v so_o much_o force_n upon_o they_o to_o break_v the_o branch_n out_o of_o the_o stock_n 〈…〉_o of_o 〈…〉_o cut_a off_o also_o some_o of_o the_o big_a shoot_v the_o crabtree_n put_v forth_o of_o its_o own_o kind_n but_o for_o the_o first_o three_o year_n you_o must_v not_o cut_v off_o all_o lest_o the_o tree_n not_o have_v liberty_n to_o vent_v all_o the_o sap_n that_o come_v up_o furfeit_n and_o die_v the_o small_a graff_n not_o be_v able_a to_o receive_v near_o so_o much_o sap_n as_o the_o old_a top_n do_v the_o year_n before_o thus_o many_o countryman_n when_o they_o take_v off_o the_o whole_a head_n of_o a_o old_a oak_n have_v sometime_o find_v it_o die_v and_o therefore_o in_o some_o country_n they_o leave_v one_o big_a bough_n to_o grow_v for_o one_o year_n to_o draw_v up_o the_o sap_n as_o they_o term_v it_o whereas_o it_o be_v indeed_o that_o the_o sap_n may_v have_v liberty_n to_o vent_v itself_o for_o tree_n that_o have_v a_o thick_a bark_n as_o old_a oak_n have_v when_o all_o the_o small_a bough_n be_v cut_v off_o be_v long_o in_o put_v forth_o branch_n and_o difficult_o at_o last_o put_v forth_o so_o many_o as_o will_v spend_v the_o sap_n which_o come_v up_o the_o tree_n in_o some_o proportion_n to_o what_o it_o do_v the_o year_n before_o when_o the_o whole_a top_n be_v on_o which_o sap_n be_v chief_o in_o the_o great_a channel_n betwixt_o or_o near_o the_o bark_n and_o outside_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o not_o be_v vent_v be_v either_o dry_v or_o consume_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o putrisy_n for_o want_n of_o that_o continual_a motion_n that_o be_v in_o it_o when_o it_o have_v vent_v that_o several_a tree_n die_v of_o this_o disease_n and_o when_o tree_n die_v this_o way_n the_o bark_n will_v drop_v off_o from_o the_o body_n of_o they_o soon_o by_o some_o year_n than_o otherwise_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o you_o may_v kill_v a_o tree_n by_o lop_n off_o the_o whole_a top_n in_o the_o summer_n time_n or_o so_o much_o of_o it_o that_o the_o remain_a bough_n can_v receive_v all_o the_o sap_n but_o lie_v choke_v up_o for_o want_n of_o issue_n the_o second_o summer_n you_o ought_v to_o bind_v some_o hay-rope_n about_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o cyens_n i_o have_v not_o see_v need_v of_o repeat_v this_o the_o three_o summer_n but_o if_o do_v it_o will_v the_o more_o certain_o secure_v they_o from_o break_v by_o the_o wind_n and_o thus_o i_o have_v end_v what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v of_o field-planting_a and_o have_v be_v the_o more_o large_a in_o it_o because_o i_o have_v not_o see_v it_o any_o where_o else_o teach_v without_o much_o imperfection_n and_o many_o defect_n and_o indeed_o not_o much_o more_o than_o mention_v rather_o than_o treat_v of_o chap._n xii_o of_o the_o annoyance_n about_o fruit-tree_n canker_n of_o moss_n and_o canker_n sect_n 1._o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o moss_n and_o canker_n and_o therefore_o without_o alter_v the_o one_o you_o can_v scarce_o prevent_v the_o other_o however_o you_o may_v scrape_v or_o with_o a_o haircloth_n rub_v the_o moss_n off_o after_o rain_n or_o as_o some_o say_v burn_v it_o with_o a_o bottle_n of_o straw_n under_o the_o tree_n all_o canker_n filth_n and_o worm_n must_v be_v pick_v clean_o off_o and_o bind_v some_o clay_n well_o mix_v with_o hay_n about_o the_o canker_a place_n if_o the_o tree_n grow_v but_o poor_o which_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n cause_v by_o the_o ill_a temper_n of_o the_o soil_n open_v the_o ground_n about_o the_o root_n and_o put_v in_o some_o manure_n proper_a to_o cure_v it_o boand_n bark_n boand_n slit_v the_o bark_n be_v a_o excellent_a additional_a help_n to_o most_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a evil_n and_o also_o for_o bark-binding_a some_o advice_n that_o the_o bark_n be_v cut_v according_a to_o the_o grain_n of_o it_o as_o in_o appletree_n pear-tree_n etc._n etc._n straight_o down_o in_o cherry_n not_o some_o tree_n prosper_v where_o other_o will_v not_o etc._n etc._n round_o about_o the_o tree_n but_o i_o have_v find_v in_o the_o same_o land_n some_o kind_n of_o fruit-tree_n very_o subject_a to_o some_o of_o these_o evil_n and_o other_o prosper_v very_o well_o when_o once_o you_o discover_v this_o because_o it_o be_v utter_o in_o vain_a to_o make_v ground_n and_o tree_n of_o different_a genius_n agree_v together_o you_o must_v make_v it_o your_o business_n by_o degree_n to_o change_v your_o tree_n till_o you_o have_v leave_v none_o against_o which_o your_o soil_n bear_v such_o a_o implacable_a hatred_n and_o furnish_v it_o with_o such_o as_o will_v flourish_v and_o be_v fruitful_a gall_v bark_n gall_v if_o any_o of_o your_o tree_n be_v gall_v by_o be_v bind_v to_o stake_n or_o by_o thorn_n or_o otherwise_o lay_v some_o clay_n upon_o the_o gall_v place_n and_o wrap_v hay-hand_n about_o they_o top_n dead_a top_n big_a plant_n also_o that_o upon_o their_o removal_n have_v have_v their_o top_n cut_v off_o be_v apt_a to_o die_v from_o the_o place_n they_o be_v cut_v off_o at_o to_o the_o next_o sprig_n or_o branch_n upon_o they_o these_o dead_a part_n ought_v to_o be_v cut_v off_o close_o to_o the_o next_o good_a twig_n or_o shoot_v and_o cover_v with_o clay_n as_o in_o graft_n that_o the_o head_n may_v be_v well_o grow_v over_o by_o such_o twig_n or_o shoot_v and_o the_o wet_a prevent_v off_o get_v into_o the_o pith_n to_o the_o damage_n of_o the_o tree_n coney_n hare_n and_o coney_n sect._n 2._o hare_n and_o rabbit_n be_v very_o mischievous_a to_o nursery_n and_o young_a orchard_n by_o peeling_a off_o the_o bark_n of_o the_o plant_n if_o your_o fence_n be_v a_o wall_n or_o close_o pale_a or_o water_n there_o be_v little_a danger_n of_o they_o but_o because_o such_o fence_n about_o orchard_n be_v rare_a and_o no_o other_o can_v keep_v they_o out_o some_o expedient_a must_v be_v make_v use_n
of_o some_o have_v use_v hay-rope_n hay-rope_n hay-rope_n bind_v about_o the_o tree_n from_o the_o ground_n to_o a_o sufficient_a height_n but_o this_o be_v endless_a in_o a_o nursery_n it_o may_v be_v do_v in_o a_o orchard_n but_o there_o be_v other_o way_n to_o be_v prefer_v before_o it_o other_o therefore_o dawb_v the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n over_o with_o tar_n tar._n tar._n which_o be_v use_v alone_o endanger_v the_o life_n of_o very_o young_a plant_n and_o extreme_o harden_v the_o bark_n and_o otherwise_o hurt_v they_o which_o evil_a be_v prevent_v by_o mix_v the_o tar_n with_o any_o kind_n of_o grease_n grease_n tar_n and_o grease_n and_o boil_v they_o on_o a_o fire_n so_o as_o both_o may_v incorporate_v then_o with_o a_o brush_n or_o little_a broom_n daub_v over_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n as_o high_a as_o a_o hare_n or_o rabbit_n can_v reach_v and_o if_o this_o be_v do_v in_o november_n it_o will_v preserve_v the_o tree_n for_o that_o whole_a year_n with_o that_o once_o do_v it_o be_v the_o winter_n time_n only_o that_o they_o will_v feed_v upon_o the_o bark_n some_o use_n grease_n alone_o grease_n grease_n and_o then_o it_o may_v require_v to_o be_v lay_v on_o twice_o in_o a_o winter_n dung_n man_n dung_n some_o thin_a stuff_n out_o of_o a_o house_n of_o office_n or_o the_o thick_a temper_v with_o water_n and_o brush_v on_o once_o in_o a_o winter_n have_v be_v often_o use_v with_o good_a success_n sect._n 3_o pismire_n pismire_n if_o you_o find_v pismire_n or_o aunt_n breed_v about_o or_o near_o the_o root_n of_o any_o of_o your_o tree_n cast_v away_o the_o earth_n they_o lodge_v in_o and_o supply_v its_o place_n with_o some_o stiff_a clay_n if_o they_o breed_v distant_a in_o several_a place_n some_o direct_a to_o dawb_v the_o tree_n about_o with_o tar_n that_o their_o foot_n may_v be_v take_v in_o it_o but_o you_o hear_v already_o that_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o young_a tree_n but_o if_o they_o pester_v you_o extreme_o and_o your_o tree_n be_v young_a you_o may_v bind_v a_o single_a list_n or_o shred_v of_o cloth_n about_o it_o and_o once_o aweek_n when_o bud_n and_o blossom_n be_v put_v forth_o for_o that_o be_v the_o chief_a time_n they_o prejudice_v they_o daub_v the_o cloth_n over_o with_o tar._n sect._n 4._o mole_n mole_n mole_n be_v to_o be_v kill_v especial_o in_o seed-plot_n and_o nursery_n spring-trap_n or_o box-trap_n be_v best_a to_o destroy_v they_o not_o easy_o describe_v but_o be_v now_o know_v almost_o general_o i_o have_v hear_v that_o water-rat_n will_v spoil_v a_o whole_a nursery_n water-rat_n water-rat_n get_v through_o mole-hole_n and_o bark_v or_o eat_v the_o young_a root_n i_o find_v several_a root_n once_o so_o serve_v and_o it_o be_v near_o a_o fishpond_n i_o suspect_v it_o be_v do_v by_o they_o but_o find_v also_o a_o snake_n in_o a_o hole_n among_o the_o root_n snake_n snake_n i_o know_v not_o whether_o that_o may_v not_o be_v the_o enemy_n asker_n est_n or_o asker_n est_n or_o as_o some_o call_v they_o asker_n be_v also_o say_v to_o be_v pernicious_a to_o tree_n but_o these_o three_o last_o accident_n be_v so_o rare_a and_o inconsiderable_a that_o it_o be_v needless_a to_o labour_n much_o about_o remedy_n against_o they_o only_o as_o man_n find_v they_o to_o destroy_v they_o caterpillar_n blast_n caterpillar_n sect._n 5._o the_o great_a prejudice_n to_o fruit_n be_v by_o blast_n frost_n immediate_o succeed_a rain_n caterpillar_n or_o black_a fly_n that_o cat_n up_o bud_n leaf_n and_o blossom_n there_o be_v one_o way_n use_v to_o help_v in_o all_o these_o case_n for_o orchard_n fruit_n but_o i_o know_v not_o how_o it_o shall_v be_v useful_a for_o any_o but_o the_o last_o two_o for_o which_o i_o dare_v commend_v it_o and_o that_o be_v that_o when_o in_o the_o spring_n you_o perceive_v these_o caterpillar_n or_o fly_v appear_v make_v fire_n of_o something_o that_o will_v smoke_v so_o near_o the_o orchard_n and_o in_o such_o place_n that_o the_o wind_n may_v carry_v the_o smoke_n as_o much_o through_o the_o tree_n as_o may_v be_v smoak_n smoak_n a_o thing_n frequent_o use_v be_v hempsheaves_n as_o it_o be_v call_v be_v the_o stalk_n of_o the_o hemp_n when_o the_o tow_n be_v separate_v from_o it_o and_o it_o be_v certain_o very_o good_a but_o bad_a chaff_n wet_a straw_n or_o mouldy_a hay_n or_o any_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n may_v serve_v turn_n snail_n be_v pernicious_a to_o wall-fruit_n snail_n snail_n therefore_o destroy_v as_o many_o of_o they_o as_o you_o can_v when_o they_o be_v best_a to_o be_v discover_v which_o be_v early_o in_o the_o morning_n wall-fruit_n cover_v wall-fruit_n and_o to_o preserve_v your_o wall-fruit_n from_o blast_a wind_n and_o frost_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o cover_v they_o in_o the_o night_n and_o cold_a day_n by_o hang_v before_o they_o mat_n or_o blanket_n some_o stick_v branch_n of_o broom_n before_o the_o blossom_n and_o young_a tender_a fruit_n to_o preserve_v ripe_a fruit_n from_o bird_n bird_n bird_n spread_v a_o old_a net_n before_o the_o wall-fruit_n or_o upon_o the_o dwarf-tree_n chap._n xiii_o some_o particular_a rule_n about_o some_o kind_n of_o fruit-tree_n beside_o the_o general_n rule_v already_o mention_v vine_n of_o vine_n sect_n 1._o grape_n seldom_o or_o never_o ripen_v well_o in_o this_o isle_n without_o help_n of_o art_n and_o industry_n to_o which_o purpose_n take_v these_o direction_n 1._o to_o plant_v such_o as_o ripen_v soon_o in_o the_o year_n that_o they_o may_v have_v as_o much_o of_o the_o summer_n heat_n at_o ripen_a time_n as_o may_v be_v 2._o let_v the_o wall_n you_o plant_v they_o against_o be_v a_o full_a south_n or_o but_o a_o little_a incline_n to_o the_o east_n or_o if_o you_o have_v a_o half-round_a or_o corner_n in_o a_o wall_n or_o the_o back_n of_o a_o brick_n chimney_n make_v use_n of_o such_o place_n for_o they_o wall_n of_o low_a wall_n vine_n will_v prosper_v well_o against_o a_o high_a wall_n yet_o that_o be_v not_o altogether_o so_o necessary_a but_o that_o low_a wall_n may_v serve_v turn_n and_o the_o high_a may_v be_v reserve_v for_o such_o fruit-tree_n as_o will_v not_o do_v well_o without_o they_o that_o of_o a_o tarras-walk_a may_v do_v well_o for_o vine_n and_o the_o gravel-walk_a under_o the_o wall_n will_v mighty_o increase_v the_o heat_n about_o they_o wall_n narrow_a place_n in_o wall_n if_o you_o plant_v any_o tree_n against_o your_o dwell_a house-wall_n there_o may_v be_v some_o narrow_a place_n between_o two_o window_n or_o the_o like_a where_o other_o fruit-tree_n have_v not_o room_n to_o spread_v a_o vine_n may_v grow_v up_o there_o and_o above_o those_o narrow_a place_n enlarge_v itself_o where_o ever_o it_o meet_v with_o room_n tree_n betwixt_o fruit_n tree_n you_o may_v also_o plant_v a_o vine_n betwixt_o every_o fruit-tree_n that_o grow_v against_o your_o hot_a wall_n and_o let_v it_o spread_v a_o little_a in_o the_o summer_n time_n into_o the_o fruit-tree_n on_o either_o side_n especial_o if_o the_o fruit_n of_o such_o tree_n use_v to_o be_v early_o ripe_a or_o that_o they_o bear_v little_a fruit_n or_o have_v not_o be_v so_o long_o set_v as_o to_o have_v cover_v the_o wall_n and_o though_o such_o vine_n can_v extend_v themselves_o to_o that_o bigness_n as_o those_o plant_v where_o they_o have_v more_o room_n yet_o by_o this_o mean_v you_o will_v make_v advantage_n of_o such_o portion_n of_o your_o wall_n as_o otherwise_o you_o can_v have_v have_v little_a benefit_n from_o soil_n proper_a soil_n sect._n 2._o the_o best_a ground_n for_o they_o be_v that_o which_o be_v rich_a and_o dry_a inclinable_a to_o stony_a or_o gravel_n so_o it_o bound_v not_o the_o best_a dung_n to_o fatten_v the_o earth_n they_o grow_v in_o be_v horse_n or_o sheep_n dung_n make_v bare_a the_o root_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o winter_n and_o throw_v in_o plenty_n of_o the_o same_o dung_n most_o winter_n propagate_a way_n of_o propagate_a the_o best_a way_n of_o propagate_a of_o they_o be_v in_o november_n to_o lay_v a_o branch_n of_o that_o year_n growth_n into_o the_o earth_n under_o the_o old_a tree_n without_o cut_v it_o off_o lay_v as_o many_o joint_n or_o bud_n in_o the_o earth_n as_o you_o can_v leave_v but_o one_o or_o two_o out_o for_o it_o put_v forth_o its_o root_n chief_o at_o the_o joint_n at_o a_o year_n end_n or_o in_o the_o february_n cometwelve-month_n cut_v it_o off_o from_o the_o old_a one_o and_o plant_v it_o where_o you_o design_v it_o shall_v grow_v lay_v it_o in_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o same_o posture_n it_o lay_v in_o before_o and_o also_o lie_v some_o of_o the_o bud_n of_o the_o new_a wood_n that_o grow_v out_o since_o it_o be_v first_o lay_v down_o that_o it_o may_v gain_v the_o more_o root_n leave_v out_o
of_o the_o ground_n again_o not_o above_o one_o or_o two_o bud_n you_o may_v chance_v to_o have_v sucker_n of_o a_o old_a vine_n which_o will_v be_v sure_a to_o grow_v sucker_n sucker_n or_o you_o may_v take_v cut_n of_o vine_n branch_n of_o that_o year_n growth_n cut_n cut_n and_o set_v they_o in_o good_a warm_a loose_a land_n and_o many_o will_v grow_v if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o place_n you_o intend_v they_o shall_v always_o stand_v in_o next_o year_n lie_v down_o a_o part_n of_o that_o which_o have_v grow_v out_o to_o root_v also_o or_o else_o upon_o removal_n lay_v in_o the_o new_a growth_n all_o but_o a_o bud_n or_o two_o with_o that_o part_n which_o be_v already_o root_v if_o it_o have_v make_v but_o small_a growth_n the_o first_o year_n lay_v part_n of_o the_o second_o year_n growth_n in_o the_o ground_n it_o will_v more_o advantage_v they_o by_o help_v they_o to_o good_a root_n than_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o year_n or_o two_o growth_n in_o the_o top_n will_v amount_v to_o vine_n cure_v a_o old_a vine_n if_o you_o have_v a_o old_a vine_n that_o bear_v not_o well_o lay_v down_o in_o february_n or_o march_v some_o of_o the_o strong_a branch_n of_o the_o forego_n year_n that_o grow_v low_a in_o the_o mould_n under_o the_o old_a tree_n without_o cut_v they_o off_o leave_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n a_o bud_n or_o two_o to_o grow_v and_o your_o wall_n will_v quick_o be_v furnish_v with_o new_a and_o fresh_a branch_n so_o that_o by_o degree_n you_o may_v cut_v off_o many_o of_o the_o old_a branch_n of_o the_o vine_n for_o though_o one_o vine_n may_v cover_v abundance_n of_o wall_v yet_o three_o or_o four_o root_n in_o that_o compass_n will_v strengthen_v it_o the_o more_o to_o bear_v prune_v of_o prune_v sect._n 3_o as_o vine_n stand_v in_o more_o need_n of_o prune_v than_o other_o fruit-tree_n so_o great_a care_n be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o the_o perform_n of_o it_o when_o you_o have_v set_v your_o vine_n as_o you_o have_v be_v before_o direct_v so_o that_o not_o above_o two_o bud_n of_o it_o remain_v above_o ground_n you_o be_v to_o nail_v up_o such_o branch_n as_o grow_v forth_o up_o to_o the_o wall_n till_o it_o have_v overspread_v as_o much_o wall_n as_o you_o design_n for_o it_o suffer_v not_o above_o two_o branch_n to_o grow_v from_o the_o ground_n and_o snip_v yearly_o the_o top_n of_o the_o branch_n a_o considerable_a length_n as_o far_o as_o they_o be_v weak_a and_o tender_a and_o also_o all_o small_a poor_a one_o close_o to_o the_o body_n unless_o the_o well_o like_v branch_n be_v but_o few_o and_o then_o you_o may_v leave_v the_o low_a bud_n of_o some_o of_o they_o to_o grow_v forth_o next_o year_n and_o this_o you_o be_v to_o do_v towards_o the_o end_n of_o february_n or_o beginning_n of_o march_n yearly_o when_o your_o vine_n come_v to_o bear_v you_o be_v to_o use_v your_o knife_n about_o it_o three_o time_n in_o the_o year_n 1._o time_n time_n in_o february_n or_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n you_o be_v to_o prune_v off_o part_n of_o the_o forego_n year_n shoot_v where_o they_o be_v too_o thick_a close_o to_o the_o old_a wood_n as_o it_o enrich_v your_o vine_n to_o keep_v it_o thin_a of_o branch_n so_o you_o must_v take_v care_v it_o be_v well_o store_v with_o bud_n against_o the_o spring_n follow_v for_o it_o bear_v grape_n only_o on_o the_o new_a shoot_v of_o every_o year_n and_o in_o cut_v off_o these_o branch_n you_o must_v take_v care_n your_o wall_n continue_v furnish_v with_o such_o branch_n as_o may_v be_v spread_v upon_o the_o wall_n regular_o and_o decent_o not_o thick_a in_o one_o place_n and_o thin_a in_o another_o nor_o cross_v one_o another_o 2._o the_o next_o time_n to_o take_v off_o superfluity_n from_o your_o vine_n be_v about_o midsummer_n when_o the_o grape_n be_v knit_v clip_v off_o then_o the_o end_n of_o the_o branch_n that_o have_v grape_n on_o they_o a_o little_a above_o the_o grape_n that_o they_o may_v have_v the_o more_o nourishment_n and_o keep_v they_o nail_v to_o the_o wall_n as_o also_o barren_a branch_n where_o the_o wall_n need_v they_o 3._o the_o last_o time_n of_o cut_v be_v in_o august_n for_o then_o because_o leaf_n and_o branch_n may_v be_v so_o thick_a as_o to_o keep_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o grape_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o ripen_v they_o you_o may_v pluck_v off_o some_o of_o the_o leaf_n and_o cut_v off_o some_o of_o the_o branch_n to_o open_a way_n for_o the_o sun_n to_o come_v to_o they_o there_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o prune_n these_o peculiar_a to_o it_o place_n place_n that_o whereas_o other_o be_v cut_v at_o a_o bud_n the_o branch_n of_o these_o must_v be_v cut_v off_o near_o the_o midst_n betwixt_o two_o bud_n and_o that_o not_o late_a in_o the_o year_n than_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n for_o afterward_o the_o sap_n or_o juice_n will_v run_v out_o and_o the_o vine_n will_v be_v much_o weaken_v by_o bleed_a bleed_v bleed_v you_o will_v by_o that_o time_n also_o see_v what_o the_o frost_n of_o the_o winter_n forego_v have_v kill_v which_o must_v be_v take_v all_o away_o if_o frost_n come_v before_o any_o grape_n be_v ripe_a frost_n frost_n defend_v they_o in_o the_o night_n time_n with_o tilâ—s_n or_o mat_n sect._n 4._o vineyard_n vineyard_n it_o be_v scarce_o worth_a while_n to_o have_v a_o vineyard_n here_o in_o england_n there_o have_v begn_n many_o and_o now_o so_o few_o afford_v a_o strong_a argument_n to_o prove_v that_o attempt_n of_o that_o kind_n never_o turn_v to_o account_v the_o usage_n of_o the_o people_n in_o such_o case_n be_v of_o no_o small_a authority_n it_o be_v possible_a that_o person_n that_o have_v very_o warm_a ground_n well_o situate_v with_o care_n and_o industry_n may_v some_o year_n have_v good_a grape_n without_o the_o benefit_n of_o a_o wall_n i_o have_v see_v not_o far_o from_o bristol_n in_o a_o year_n that_o be_v very_o favourable_a to_o they_o grape_n ripen_v well_o without_o such_o help_n sect._n 5._o figtree_n figtree_n figtree_n ought_v to_o be_v plant_v in_o a_o very_a warm_a place_n against_o a_o wall_n defend_v from_o the_o north_n and_o north-east_n wind_n every_o old_a tree_n will_v yield_v plenty_n of_o sucker_n fit_a to_o raise_v new_a one_o sect._n 6._o quince-tree_n quince-tree_n you_o have_v see_v the_o way_n of_o raise_v quince-tree_n in_o the_o chapter_n of_o dwarf_n i_o shall_v here_o only_o add_v that_o if_o you_o have_v a_o part_n of_o a_o tree_n that_o grow_v so_o low_a that_o you_o can_v bring_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n either_o by_o plash_v or_o otherwise_o you_o may_v do_v it_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o winter_n and_o cover_v it_o all_o with_o earth_n but_o the_o end_n of_o the_o branch_n and_o let_v it_o continue_v so_o one_o year_n and_o then_o uncover_v it_o and_o every_o twig_n will_v have_v put_v forth_o root_n in_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v cut_v off_o and_o transplant_v will_v make_v you_o a_o tree_n and_o this_o be_v the_o way_n of_o propagate_a of_o fruit-tree_n by_o layer_n layer_n layer_n and_o you_o may_v here_o take_v notice_n that_o all_o such_o tree_n that_o may_v be_v propagate_v by_o cut_n may_v be_v raise_v likewise_o by_o layer_n and_o this_o way_n take_v more_o sure_a than_o by_o cut_n quince-tree_n delight_v in_o a_o moist_a rich_a land_n soil_n soil_n near_o some_o gutter_n that_o carry_v away_o the_o soak_v or_o wash_v of_o a_o dunghill_n or_o house_n be_v a_o place_n usual_o choose_v for_o they_o and_o be_v such_o as_o they_o like_v very_o well_o in_o sect._n 7._o medlar-tree_n medlar-tree_n medlar_n be_v raise_v by_o graft_n on_o the_o pear-tree_n crabtree_n white-thorn_n or_o service-tree_n the_o last_o be_v the_o best_a and_o the_o white-thorn_n by_o much_o the_o worst_a you_o may_v get_v plant_n of_o service_n out_o of_o wood_n service-tree_n service-tree_n where_o they_o grow_v wild_a from_o which_o you_o may_v raise_v service-tree_n or_o stock_n for_o medlar_n or_o if_o you_o can_v get_v none_o such_o graft_v the_o service_n on_o the_o wickey-berry-tree_n or_o the_o white-thorn_n sect._n 8._o wallnut-tree_n wallnut-tree_n wallnut-tree_n be_v much_o plant_v of_o late_a and_o be_v very_o proper_a for_o walk_n in_o ground_n and_o a_o good_a fence_n to_o shelter_v building_n and_o orchard_n the_o fruit_n be_v useful_a and_o very_o profitable_a if_o you_o can_v spare_v any_o to_o sell_v or_o for_o oil_n for_o painter_n if_o the_o market_n shall_v be_v glut_v with_o they_o and_o the_o timber_n so_o excellent_a for_o table_n chair_n and_o stool_n stook_v of_o gun_n etc._n etc._n that_o it_o go_v off_o well_o and_o take_v a_o good_a price_n raise_v way_n of_o raise_v they_o be_v raise_v by_o nut_n
that_o be_v soon_o ripe_a and_o better_o taste_v medlar_n of_o medlar_n there_o be_v three_o or_o four_o sort_n of_o medlar_n the_o big_a sort_n be_v best_a without_o any_o thorn_n upon_o the_o branch_n as_o the_o common_a have_v there_o be_v another_o kind_n also_o without_o stone_n in_o the_o fruit._n service_n of_o service_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o service_n one_o large_a than_o the_o other_o that_o grow_v wild_a in_o the_o wood_n but_o neither_o the_o sort_n of_o these_o nor_o of_o medlar_n be_v distinguish_v by_o name_n and_o the_o fruit_n of_o both_o be_v not_o eatable_a till_o they_o be_v rot_v mulberry_n of_o mulberry_n sect._n 13._o mulberry_n be_v distinguish_v by_o their_o colour_n for_o there_o be_v black_a red_z and_o white_a goosberry_n of_o goosberry_n there_o be_v some_o variety_n in_o goosberry_n likewise_o the_o best_a sort_n be_v the_o amber_n and_o great_a hedgehog_n goosberry_n which_o be_v prickly_a but_o the_o other_o smooth_a both_o of_o a_o bright_a yellow_a colour_n and_o the_o white_a holland_n goosberry_n which_o be_v large_a and_o transparent_a there_o be_v likewise_o some_o that_o be_v of_o a_o blue_a other_o of_o a_o red_a and_o other_o of_o a_o green_a colour_n curran_n of_o curran_n the_o white_a and_o red_a currant_n of_o the_o large_a size_n be_v the_o best_a sort_n of_o that_o kind_n of_o fruit_n the_o great_a dark-red_n dutch-curran_n be_v large_a and_o have_v a_o sweet_a relish_n some_o person_n affect_v the_o common_a black_a curran_n raspberry_n of_o raspberry_n there_o be_v scarce_o any_o other_o difference_n find_v among_o raspberry_n but_o that_o some_o be_v red_a and_o some_o white_a barberry_n of_o barberry_n and_o the_o like_a difference_n be_v to_o be_v find_v among_o barberry_n but_o some_o be_v without_o stone_n chap._n xv._o of_o gather_v fruit_n and_o make_v several_a sort_n of_o liquor_n of_o they_o tree_n hurt_v not_o the_o tree_n sect_n 1._o in_o gather_v of_o fruit_n be_v careful_a the_o branch_n of_o your_o tree_n be_v not_o batter_v and_o break_v keep_v how_o to_o gather_v fruit_n for_o keep_v such_o as_o you_o design_v to_o keep_v any_o time_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v shake_v off_o the_o tree_n because_o of_o bruise_v but_o pick_v off_o with_o your_o hand_n be_v sure_a the_o fruit_n you_o gather_v be_v thorough_o ripe_a which_o you_o may_v know_v by_o its_o beginning_n to_o drop_v or_o the_o kernel_n turn_v black_a let_v the_o weather_n be_v fair_a and_o dry_a when_o you_o gather_v and_o no_o dew_n upon_o the_o tree_n lay_v up_o what_o you_o thus_o gather_v in_o a_o close_a but_o sweet_a room_n upon_o a_o boarded-floor_n without_o any_o green_a leaf_n or_o stick_v among_o they_o preserve_v of_o preserve_v if_o you_o have_v some_o pear_n that_o be_v choice_n and_o last_a wrap_v they_o up_o in_o paper_n and_o lay_v they_o one_o by_o one_o upon_o a_o shelf_n or_o hang_v they_o up_o by_o the_o stalk_n and_o keep_v out_o the_o air_n from_o they_o as_o much_o as_o you_o can_v as_o you_o find_v any_o in_o your_o heap_n rot_v pick_v they_o out_o and_o in_o a_o sharp_a frost_n cover_v they_o with_o a_o straw_n mat._n in_o gather_v cider_n fruit_n you_o must_v be_v sure_a to_o let_v they_o be_v well_o ripe_a then_o let_v they_o be_v gentle_o shake_v down_o and_o lay_v upon_o a_o sweet_a and_o dry_a floor_n in_o a_o heap_n and_o there_o lie_v a_o fortnight_n the_o red-strake_a and_o hard_a apple_n you_o may_v let_v lie_v long_o that_o be_v three_o week_n or_o a_o month_n the_o long_o they_o lie_v the_o less_o cider_n indeed_o they_o will_v yield_v but_o much_o the_o better_a it_o be_v necessary_a to_o have_v they_o as_o ripe_a as_o may_v be_v so_o that_o too_o many_o of_o they_o begin_v not_o to_o rot_v some_o be_v for_o pick_v out_o the_o rot_a one_o before_o you_o grind_v they_o other_o say_v a_o few_o rot_a apple_n do_v no_o hurt_n but_o rather_o good_a in_o help_v the_o liquor_n to_o ferment_n ladder_n of_o a_o ladder_n sect._n 2._o and_o because_o i_o be_o here_o speak_v of_o gather_v fruit_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o the_o description_n of_o a_o ladder_n convenient_a to_o be_v use_v both_o in_o get_v the_o fruit_n off_o young_a tree_n and_o prune_v they_o they_o not_o be_v strong_a enough_o to_o bear_v a_o ordinary_a ladder_n without_o harm_n take_v a_o board_n like_o the_o head_n of_o a_o joint-stool_n but_o thick_a let_v there_o be_v join_v to_o it_o a_o ladder_n of_o what_o length_n you_o judge_v convenient_a have_v respect_n to_o the_o height_n of_o your_o tree_n with_o such_o iron_n as_o it_o may_v ply_v to_o and_o fro_o and_o at_o the_o other_o end_n let_v two_o foot_n of_o equal_a length_n with_o the_o ladder_n be_v put_v in_o so_o as_o they_o may_v stand_v wide_a at_o the_o bottom_n than_o the_o top_n see_v the_o figure_n fruit_n of_o a_o engine_n or_o mill_n for_o grind_a fruit_n sect._n 3_o of_o many_o sort_n of_o fruit_n may_v be_v make_v very_o noble_a and_o delicious_a liquor_n for_o drink_v by_o separate_v the_o juice_n from_o the_o feculent_a part_n of_o they_o which_o be_v perform_v by_o pound_v or_o grind_v they_o by_o such_o instrument_n as_o be_v to_o be_v have_v but_o late_o have_v be_v find_v out_o a_o engine_n incomparable_o more_o commodious_a for_o this_o work_n than_o any_o thing_n ever_o know_v before_o many_o of_o which_o be_v already_o disperse_v throughout_o the_o kingdom_n make_v according_a to_o the_o first_o model_n but_o they_o have_v late_o receive_v so_o vast_a a_o improvement_n that_o they_o seem_v now_o quite_o another_o invention_n and_o to_o want_v nothing_o to_o their_o perfection_n the_o inventor_n have_v a_o patent_n for_o they_o the_o property_n of_o which_o be_v now_o in_o one_o mr._n henry_n allen_n at_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o cabinet_n in_o exeter-street_n on_o the_o back_n of_o exeter-change_n in_o the_o strand_n in_o london_n who_o make_v they_o himself_o and_o licenses_fw-la any_o artist_n in_o the_o country_n to_o do_v the_o same_o upon_o reasonable_a term_n any_o that_o be_v near_o london_n may_v have_v the_o engine_n with_o the_o frame_n those_o that_o live_v more_o remote_a may_v have_v the_o engine_n alone_o with_o directions_z how_o to_o make_v the_o frame_n the_o price_n of_o this_o mill_n be_v from_o 4l._o to_o 10l._o according_a as_o it_o be_v in_o bigness_n or_o for_o curiosity_n of_o work_n the_o excellency_n of_o it_o be_v that_o it_o take_v up_o so_o little_a room_n no_o more_o than_o two_o yard_n square_a it_o grind_v according_a to_o the_o bigness_n of_o it_o from_o 50_o to_o 20_o bushel_n a_o hour_n with_o the_o labour_n only_o of_o one_o man_n the_o feed_n of_o it_o now_o be_v contrive_v with_o a_o little_a assistance_n of_o another_o it_o perform_v the_o work_n better_o than_o any_o thing_n else_o and_o last_o it_o grind_v all_o manner_n of_o fruit_n with_o a_o little_a alteration_n in_o set_v of_o it_o sect._n 4._o other_o author_n have_v give_v direction_n about_o make_v liquor_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o fruit_n but_o that_o he_o that_o have_v this_o book_n may_v not_o be_v trouble_v to_o seek_v for_o they_o any_o where_o else_o and_o because_o i_o can_v true_o pretend_v to_o exactness_n in_o this_o particular_a no_o less_o than_o i_o believe_v i_o have_v just_o do_v in_o all_o that_o go_v before_o and_o withal_o have_v guide_v the_o reader_n in_o the_o way_n to_o get_v choice_a fruit_n before_o i_o take_v leave_n with_o he_o i_o shall_v in_o the_o last_o place_n instruct_v he_o how_o to_o order_v it_o and_o how_o to_o make_v use_n of_o it_o oâ—der_n of_o â—â—king_v oâ—der_n in_o grind_v or_o pound_v and_o press_v their_o fruit_n every_o one_o may_v be_v safe_o leave_v to_o the_o custom_n or_o convenience_n of_o his_o country_n but_o the_o management_n of_o the_o liquor_n after_o it_o be_v press_v out_o be_v of_o great_a importance_n thus_o therefore_o you_o must_v proceed_v when_o your_o apple_n be_v ground_n or_o pound_v sufficient_o and_o the_o liquor_n press_v forth_o strain_v it_o immediate_o through_o a_o sieve_n and_o tun_n it_o up_o in_o a_o hogshead_n or_o barrel_n season_v and_o sweet_a fill_v it_o not_o up_o by_o two_o gallon_n at_o least_o and_o stop_v it_o up_o only_o with_o a_o loose_a stopper_n for_o two_o or_o three_o day_n and_o then_o stop_v it_o up_o close_o with_o clay_n on_o the_o top_n and_o put_v a_o cork_n or_o some_o stopper_n in_o the_o vent_n hole_n but_o for_o a_o week_n time_n or_o more_o you_o may_v once_o a_o day_n draw_v it_o forth_o a_o little_a lest_o it_o break_v the_o vessel_n or_o force_v some_o other_o vent_n then_o stop_v it_o close_o up_o also_o and_o so_o let_v it_o stand_v till_o you_o think_v it_o may_v be_v something_o clear_a and_o then_o pierce_v it_o