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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A05297	A learned and true assertion of the original, life, actes, and death of the most noble, valiant, and renoumed Prince Arthure, King of great Brittaine Who succeeding his father Vther Pendragon, and right nobly gouerning this land sixe and twentie yeares, then dyed of a mortall wounde receyued in battell, together vvith victory ouer his enemies. As appeareth cap. 9. And was buried at Glastenbury. cap. 12. an. 543. Collected and written of late yeares in lattin, by the learned English antiquarie of worthy memory Iohn Leyland. Newly translated into English by Richard Robinson citizen of London. Anno Domini. 1582.; Assertio inclytissimi Arturii Regis Britanniae. English	Leland, John, 1506?-1552.; Robinson, Richard, citizen of London.	1582 (1582)	STC 15441; ESTC S108439	67,318	92

of greate Alder trees which by a certaine nature are growing cōmodious for the ground there Moreouer agayne I thinke the inhabitants of Aualonia were not so ignorāt of natural things y ● they should beleeue y ● Oake would continue longer in somwhat a moyst ground then the watery Alder tree which is growing in the grounde They which haue writtē of Trees willingly attribute somwhat moist groūds to be apt both for Alder Elme trees to be brought forth in thē There also remaineth another doubt which if I any thing rightly iudge shall rather seeme a plaine errour then any doubt at all Gyraldus confirmeth that Arthures Tombe was founde betwene two Pyrameds in the religious place at Aualonia In which opinion as it were so confirmed with testimonie of ancient writers euen I also remaine But I am so farre frō beleeuing any thing to be engrauē in thē which thing Arthures tombe as Giraldus declareth y ● verie same should shew expresse or make famous that in deede vnto me may appeare nothing lesse like to be true If there had beene any such thing I pray you who more truly or more playnly should haue manifested y ● same thē Gulielmus Meildunēsis vnto whom alone all posteritie ought to refer both their portractures inscriptions But hee in deede speaketh not so much as one worde of Arthure whome elswhere he diligently extolleth Doubtlesse it is a coniecture probable that Giraldus was vtterly ignorāt what inscriptions those Pyrameds contayned seeing he saith the letters were worne out by antiquitie or oldnes of time But I let passe Giraldus a mā truly otherwise learned a great greedy deuourer of anciēt knowledge as I am prouoked by another care not vnprofitable for the purpose Namely that I should not onely by the testimonie of two whom I haue aboue named but also by a full number of writers confirme establish and persuade as it were ratified Arthures Tombe founde Also to the end that that thing may more commodiously be done I thinke there are causes agreeable why I may more profoundly repeate all and singuler testimonies of famous men within a certaine conuenient and euydent scope of matter In which behalfe Claudius a frēchman to the end the reader may vnderstand that the credible report of Arthures Tombe found hapned euen vnto straungers vpright and perfect shall be a greate witnesse in matter aboundant Anno 1217. The bodie of Arthure that Noble king of Brittaine which had lyen buried 600. and moe yeeres was found in the Church of S. Mary at Glastenbury Heere in computation of the yeeres either by the Authors negligence or as more sincerelie the Interpreter saith by the negligence of the booke writer did there creepe in a faule error For Henry the Secōd of that name king of England dyed about the yeere after Christes byrth a thousand one hundreth and nyntie and the Tombe was founde in the first yeare of the raigne of King Richard the 1. his sonne The Cronicles of Persor Abbey doe make relation of these thinges Anno Domini 1191. the Tombe of Arthure Kinge of Brittaine was found at Glastenbury the leaden crosse vpon his brest declaring that his name was there written Iohannes Fiberius who is also commonly called Beuer writeth these thinges most briefly and by way of running it ouer Anno Domini 1191. were founde at Glastenbury the bones of Arthure Matthew Paris Moncke of the Monastery of S. Albane at the racing and seege of that most auncient Cittie Verolamium nere vnto S. Albones in the Countie of Hartford thus mentioneth of the Tombe The bones of the most famouse King Arthure were founde at Glastenbury laide vp in a certaine most auncient Tombe there about the which stoode erected two most auncient Pirameds wherein the letters were engrauen but by reason of the too much rudnesse and deformitie they could not be reade And they were found by this occasion For as they digged there to bury a certaine Moncke which with a vehement desire in his life time had before wished for this place as to be therein buried they founde a certaine close Tombe vpon the which was put a leade crosse wherein was engrauen HIC IACET INCLITVS BRITONVM REX ARTVRIVS IN INSVLA AVALONIAE SEPVLTVS But that place beinge rounde about encompassed with Marish groundes was in times past called the Isle of Aualon for truth that is the Ile of Aples Like as by Good right I fauour verie much the authoritie of this Matthew so I am sory that a fewe wordes chaunced redounding to this declaration in the inscription Certes that which he mentioneth of the Moncke I neuer hearde of before neyther doth he so farre forth perswade mee of the truth Ranulphus Higeden of Chester also maketh mention of King Arthure his Tombe I omit to mention other Authours and that with employed diligence because I would not seeme to affectate the number of witnesses in a matter so manifestly knowne and credited CAP. XVI The Translation of King Arthures bones I Remember that in my Epistle dedicatory I haue spoken of Arthures Lyneamentes three times translated Whereof which was the first because it appeareth not euident enough by the greater Church at Glastenbury from whence they write these were first of all conueyed I will somewhat more manifestly and more lightsomely notify I learned of the Monckes at Glastenbury most diligent reseruers no doubte of the Antiquitie pertayning to their Cloyster that Arthures Lyneamentes were translated into the greate Church which worke was greatly augmented by the liberallitie of Henry Plantagenet from the religiouse place but not laide in that place at that time where they now be There is a porch towardes the South parte and a Chappell from whence they go into the Treasury In this place men affirmed that Arthures bones remayned for a certaine season after that againe that they were translated into the midle Iles of the Queare By which interchaunge of time a newe stately and magnificent Tombe out of blacke Marble such as we see the Lydian or tutch stone was both heawne and cut out at that time together framed by vnaccustomed workmanshippe and witty deuise concerning which and also the translation thereof to write at this present it were vndoubtedly a needlesse thinge seeing that in the chapter before going touching Arthures Tombe founde all those matters appeare together in their order Therefore let our history apply it selfe vnto the third translation which was made in y ● dayes of Edward sirnamed Longshanke K. of England not only the cheefest patrone of Arthures praise but also y e louer great reuerencer of his fame when as all y e Lyneamentes of them remayning in the most stately Tombe where they tooke their rest together before sauing the shinne bones of the King and of the Queene which he commaunded to be kept abroade it was no doubte a spectacle of Antiquitie very acceptable vnto

their fathers example in times pas●e shoulde not aspyre vnto the kingedome caused the sonnes and Supporters of Mordred the traytor and Nephewes of Gallouinus to be slaine with the sworde But either this fact or the like doth Gildas the Brittaine shewe in these wordes Of which so wicked a mischiefe Constantine the Tyrants vncleane whelpe of Damonia was not ignorant who this yeere after y ● horrible oth made from which he againe swarued that he would not worke any iniuries vnto the Citizens swearing first by God then by the mother of Christ and therwith taking all the companies of holy ones to witnesse did notwithstanding by blooddie sword and speare rush into the tender brests of two mothers and cruelly perced the bowelles or intrayles of two princelie youthes vnder y ● same religious Amphibalus of so many ouerseers euen standing at y ● very Alt●r whose armes being without armour which no one man at y ● time more valiātlier vsed then they hee cruelly cut off euen standing at the Alter and with his Speare violently teare them in peeces But they shall crie for reuenge vnto God before the high throne of his Maiestie in the day of iudgement and at the Gates of thy city Oh Christ shall they hange vp their reuerend banners of pacience and of faith He●herto haue wee spoken of his Knightes or Cheualyers CHAP. V● ● Arthures Rounde Table NOwe is there very conuenient place to bringe in amongest other thinges a fewe but chosen excellent finally magnificent testimonies of Arthures round table and of his good cheare Unto these had not all noble men accesse But onelie they viz Lucida quos ardens euexit ad aethera Virtus Virtus sola virens nullis moritura diebus Whom Vertue cleere aduanced to the skies Euen Vertue alone which florishing neuer dies THis stately sturre as they say he somewhat more often solemnized But specially in the cittie of Caerlegion or Chester vpō Vske which place he notably esteemed of The same did he at Vēta Simenorū alîas Winchester at Camalet in Somersetshire The common vnlearned sorte of writers supposeth that Venta to bee called by another name that is to saye Camelet But I passe not vpon the iudgement of the common sorte The publike reporte of them which dwelt at the lowermost parte of the hill Cancaletum or an olde forte is that Murotrigum or the Towne now called Somerton spreadeth aduaunceth and solemnely settes foorth the fame of Arthure sometime inhabiting the Castle Which Castle of olde time was both most statelie and also most strongly buylded and in a most high or loftie prospect Good Lorde what and howe many most deepe Ditches are there heere How many vallyes are there heere out of the earth delued Againe what daungerous steepenesse And to end in fewe words truly me seemeth it is a mirackle both in Arte and nature At seges est vbi Troia fuit stabulantur in vrbe Et fossis pecudes altis valloque tumenti Taxus astutae posuere Cubilia vulpes But corne there is where Troy did stand cattle there abound Stalled in towne with ditches deepe in trēch mounting frō groūd There Yew trees grow subtile Foxes made their cabbins roūd ANd in deede this is the interchaunge of humane affayres Heerehence had Ilcester that auncient Towne this calamitie Heereupon doth the customary traffique there beholde the cleere welspring with heauie eyes and weepe their fill There the inhabitants plow the ground and euery yeere finde by seeking for them Golden Siluer and Brasen peeces of money expressing the images not very liuely of the Romanes Whereof euen I my selfe haue had a few giuē mee of those inhabitants Fraūcis Lord Hastings Earle of Hūtington an excellēt ornamēt of those noble youthes about the king of Englād sometimes my benefactor in good learning as heire of y ● Piperells Bottrells of the Hūgerfordes hath in his possession the ruined old cotages of Camelet together with y e large groūds adiacēt Iohānes Anneuillanus y e writer in his Architrenio extolleth Arthures rounde table for y e excellēcy therof The same doth Volateranus in his thirde booke of Geography in these wordes He also being plentiful at home vsed amōgest his nobles a roūde table that there should be no cōtētiō through ambitiō for seates At Vēta Symeno alîas Winchester in y e castle most famously knowne stādeth fixed y e table at the walle side of y e kinges Hal which for y e maiesty of Arthure they cal y e round table And wherefore Because neyther the memorie nor felowship of the rounde Trowpe of Knightes as yet falles out of Noble mens mindes in the latter age of the world King Edward sirnamed the longe as fame telleth made much of that rounde order of Knightes To those vses was the round table instituted and framed if it be worthie of credit and that it was with three feete made of perfect gold There bee which write that one Mortimar by name spent and consumed away those treasures That thing yet by the way is most certaine out of the historie of Thomas Vicanius that Roger Mortimer helde a very great feast or banquette at Kenelworth whether as he of noble minde sent for most excellentest Cheualiers or Knightes as it had beene vnto Arthures round table of Knightes Hereupon were very many tokens of knightly prowesse set foorth in deede which the diligent posteritis shal with great desire reade expressed in wrytinges But now so long a while from this Cheualris of Arthure and his trayne I passe ouer to his godly disposition CAP. VII King Arthures Godly Disposition WIth how greate and how sincere deuotion hee was enclyned towards the Christian Common wealth it appeareth plainly by the aucthoritie of auncient writers He vsed the familiaritie of Dubritius Bishoppe of the Cittie of Caerlegion or Chester vpon Vske a man both of singuler learning and also of continencie in life so farre forth that he throwly felt as victor in the battel at Bathe his prayers auaylable Furthermore Dauid Meneuensis a man no doubt of exquisite holynesse as then felt both the fauour and liberallitie of Arthure so farre forth that the people Meneuenses report the Bishoppes sea to haue bene by them receyued as by Arthures meanes translated from the Cittie of Caerlegion or Chester vpon Vske vnto them Iltutus a man of incomperable lyfe being companion of these two hearing of that singuler magnificence of his zeale towardes God was bolde as the setter forth of his life writeth not onely face to face to goe see Arthure but also to salute him and haue communication with him Through which in deede boldnesse much lesse offended he the Prince seeing that he both gaue him very greate thankes and also an honest rewarde Arthure if auncient writers and constant same de reporte the truth had depainted in his Martiall target the stimlitude of the virgin Mary which target he

stars the Clymats perfectly By this guider of the hel●e with Prince we thether ply And Morgan vs receiued as it behouea with honor dewe In Chāber his on Goldē hearse and laide the king to view And with his friēdly hād forthwith did Arthures woūd vnhill Long looking thereon said may be life come againe yet will If he along time were with him would his medicines vse Therfore with ioy the king to him we did betake to chuse And hoist our sailes with prosperous wind by our returne our porte to finde SYluester Gyraldus writeth in his Speculo Ecclesiastico that Morgās noble wife made prouision for Arthures ●uriall And againe in his booke De Institutione Principis he makes relation of these thinges Whereupon also the noble wife of Morgan and Gouernesse of those partes againe as Patronesse there and also neare of blood vnto Arthure after the battle at Kemelen caused him to be conueyed into an Isle which now is called Glasconia to cure and heale vp his woundes The interpretor of the Brittish history writeth of the death of Arthure on this manner as in his sixt booke appeareth Arthure being wounded vnto death at the battle at Camblan went vnto Aualonia his kingdome being left vnto Constantine the sonne of Cadorius Duke of Cornwale Iohannes Burgensis Abbot in his Annales hath left these wordes in credible writinges When Arthure was at the pointe of death he kept him selfe secret that his enemies should not insult at such and so great a mishap nor his friends be discōforted as troubled in minde Thus farhe Now must wee speake of the relious place at Aualonia wherein Arthure was buried Melchinus specially makes mention of this and also of Arthure buried there Gulielmus a Medulphi curia both els where and specially in his booke De antiquitate Glessoburgensi religiously celebrateth this place where Arthure was buried The same thing doth Giraldus Meneuensis also in his Speculo Ecclesiastico and in his booke De Institutione Principis religiouse houses were not at that time so common and in so many places of Brittaine as they be in these dayes Saxons of noble linage a people without knowledge of God if happely being sicke they dyed at home were buryed in pleasant gardens if they were flame abroade and in battell they were then buryed in graues digged out of the earth which they called Burghs neare vnto their tentes but the base common people were buried euen in medowes and open fieldes There was at that time a religiouse place neare vnto the olde Church in very greate estimation By which title and of the whole nobilitie in all the west Prouinces of Brittaine it was chosen as a place allotted for their burials The same was afterwardes often done by such Saxons as had the knowledge of God As at Douer of the Kentishmen at Yorke of the Brygantes at Lindiffarna or Ly-land and so forth in other places Concerning the place of his buriall it is now sufficient manifest It remayneth that I make declaration of the ceremony and manner of his buriall There was present but secretly a Troupe of Noble personages which mourned for y e death of their soueraigne Lord bereft frō them by such sinister fate The wife of Morgan alone prouided for the buriall thinges needfull a woman doubtlesse of incomperable godlinesse who performed all ceremonies and seruices with greefe of minde and floudes of teares The manner in those dayes was to bury in the graues and to lay them as a surceasing from sorrow to the vse of Tombes or sepulcres great boules or bodyes of Alder trees whereof the places about Aualonia neare adioyning were most fruitfull For the Alder tree hath I know not what propertie with the naturall moyst ground such as is a Churchyarde so farre forth as the substance thereof laide on this sorte more deepe in the Earth should be reputed for euerlasting not onely The body of Arthure thus bewailed and mourned for was buryed in a graue of sufficient depth with the greate boale of Alder tree therein laide hollow And because he liued most magnificent in fame factes and rule of his kingdome they folowing diligently the custome and integritie of Christians in this poynt bestowed vpon the Tombe of Arthure so buried a toaken of perpetuall memory namely a Crosse signyfyinge Mnemosynen vitae perpetuae that is to say the remembrance of life euerlasting It was made of a leaden plate one foote long more or lesse which I haue beholden with most curiouse eyes and handled with feareful ioyntes in each part being moued both with the Antiquitie and worthinesse of the thing It conteyneth vpon it these wordes in those not so greate Romane letters but indifferent cunningly grauen viz. HIC IACET SEPVLTVS INCLITVS REX ARTHVRIVS IN INSVLA AVALONIAE But here peraduenture some curiouse person would search out for what purpose the inscription was commended to our memory vpon the leaden plates It was a most vsual manner in that age and endured euen vntill latter times to bestow vpon Noble mens Tombes leaden plates engrauen Of which not a fewe haue I seene in euery place throughout all Brittaine Leade of his nature is easilie engrauen and when it is once grauen continueth both a very long time and also most firmly as witnesseth experience The myne hilles where leade groweth much are scarce fiue miles distant from Aualonia The Romans as Lordes of riches were not ashamed to set vp a standard of stone vnto Claudius Caesar by a very long table of leade almost in the very bottomes of those hilles at the head● springes of the fabulus little floude Ochides within the iurisdiction of Fontanus the Bishoppe engrauen on this manner TI. CLAVDIO CAESARI AVGVST P. M. TR. P. VIIII IMP. XVI DE BRITAN This Standard of Stone a few yeares past was turned vp out of the earth by the plowe and translated vnto the house of Thomas Howarde Duke of Northfolke at London CAP. XIII The two Pyrameds in that religious place WIthin the burying place which was consecrated at Aualonia stand two Pyramedes of most auncient buylding bearing a shew of figures letters but the windes stormes and time which consumeth all thinges finally enuy of man from time to time haue so defaced the notable figures and inscription of auncient workes that they can scarce be discerned by any neuer so sharpe sight of the eye The continuall trauell of writers commendeth these and specially the diligence of Gulielmus Meildunensis that greate Antiquary whom also Siluester Geraldus euen he a louer of Antiquities doth follow at an inche Doubtlesse both of thē handle their matters learnedly The one whereas by exquisite labour he restored to light a fresh both titles and figures which were not altogether raced out of knowledge for foure hundreth yeares before according as in his famouse and elegant litle booke De Antiquitate Glessoburgensi appeareth The other in that he leaning

suppose of Henry the second King of England but as others thinke vnto whom I easely assent in the beginning of the raigne of Richard the first his Sonne Touching both this searching for and finding out of the bones two persons specially amongst others haue written their mindes of which two one was a Moncke of Glastenbury and by name vnknowne to me but the other was Siluester Giraldus Furdermore there had beene hereunto added also Gulielmus Meildunensis as the third witnesse to be conferred with them both but that death had taken him away in his aged yeares before the Scpulcre or Tombe was found The testimonies of these men will I vse especially and at this instant I will bring hether the wordes of Annonymus the Moncke King Arthure was entombed like as by K. Henry y e second Henry y ● Abbot had learned whose cosen germane familier friend he of late was But y e King had often times heard this out of the actes of the Brittaines of their historicall singers that Arthure was buried neare vnto the old Church in the religiouse place betweene two Pyramedes in times past nobly engrauen and erected as it is reported for the memory of him And King Arthure was buryed verie deeply for feare of the Saxons whom he had often times vanquished whome he had altogether reiected or cast out of the Isle of Brittaine And whome Mordred his mischeeuous Nephew had first called backe againe and brought thither against him least they should also with mallice of minde raige in crueltie towardes the deade body which had laboured by tooth naile euen now to possesse againe the whole Island after his death Againe for and in respect of the same feare he was laide in a certaine broade stone as it were at a graue found of them which digged there of seauen foote as it were vnder y e earth when yet notwithstanding Arthures Tombe was founde more lower of nyne foote depth There was moreouer founde a leaden crosse not set into the vppermost but rather neathermost parte of the stone hauing thereon these letters engrauen HIC IACET SEPVLTVS INCLITVS REX ARTHVRIVS IN INSVLA AVALONIAE And the Crosse taken out of the stone the saide Abbot Henry shewing the same we haue seene with our eyes and haue reade these letters But like as the Crosse was infired to the neathermost parte of the stone So that parte of the crosse engrauen to the ende it might bee more secrete was turned towardes the stone Doubtlesse a wonderfull industrie and exquisite wisdome of the men in that age who by all endeuoures desired to hide in secret manner the body of so greate a personage and their Soueraigne Lord especially the Patrone of that place by reason of the instant troubled state And who yet had further care that at one or other time afterwardes when the trouble surceased by the perfect order of those letters engrauen in the Crosse and found out other whiles they might make apparant testimonies of his buriall And as the foresaide King Henry had before declared all the matter to the Abbot so the body of Arthure was found not in a marble Tombe as it befitted so notable a Kinge NOw in fit time comes forth Siluester Giraldus that same eye witnesse of Arthures bones and ashes found and aptly adioyneth his accounte vnto these wordes And his body which as it were fantasticall in the end and as it were by spirites translated vnto places a farre off and not subiect vnto death fables so fully had fayned was in these our dayes by wonderfull and as it were meruailous tokens founde out buried more deeper in the earth at Glastenburie betweene two Pyrameds in old time set vp within the religious place and by a hollow Oake marked or knowne was with honor trāslated into the Church decētly bestowed in a Marble Tombe Whereupon a leaden crosse being engrauen in the stone not in the vpper part as it is accustomed but on the lowermost part rather which wee also haue seene for we haue handled the same conteyned these letters engrauen and not eminent and extant but rather inwardlie turned to the stone HIC IACET SEPVLTVS INCLITVS REX ARTVRIVS IN INSVLA AVALONIAE And these wordes follow euen there And seeing there were some euident tokens of finding the bodie there by his inscriptions and some by the Pyramedes engrauen although as very much defaced and ouerworne by too much oldnesse of time yet most chiefely and most euidentlie did Henry the second king of England declare and manifest full and whole vnto those Monckes according as he had harde of that auncient historicall Musician the Brittaine namely that they should finde him buried deepely in the earth for xvi foote at the least not in a Tombe of stone but in a hollow Oake And therefore his body beeing laide and as it were hidden so deepe to the end that it might not be founde of the Saxons inhabiting the Island after his death whome he in his life time had so puissantly subdued almost destroyed might sarcely at any time be found And for this cause were the letters as testimonies of truth engrauen vpon the crosse turned inwardes to the stone to the end they should at-that time kepe in secret what they conteyned and that sometime also according to the place time requisite they might discouer or manifest that same meaning Moreouer also he writeth these words euen in the same place We must also know that the bones of Arthures bodie which were foūd were so greate that euē that saying of the poet might seeme in these words to be fulfilled Grandiaque effossis mirabitur ossa Sepulchris And the Tombes being digged forth right He shall maruaile at the greate bones in sight FOr the bone of his shinne beeing layde to the shinne of a most tall person which also the Abbot shewed vs and as it was fastned vnto that grounde neare vnto his foote retched it selfe largly three fingers ouer his knee Also the scalp of his head as it were a wonder or spectacle was capable and grosse in so much as betweene the eye bryes and the eyes it largely conteyned a hande bignesse There appeared in this tenne or moe woundes all which except one only greater then the rest which gaped wide and which onely seemed to bee a deadlie wounde grewe together into one whole scarre Nowe if it shall auaile any man either to repeate y ● very selfe same thinges which I haue ere while recited out of Giraldus or not much vnlike to these let him read his booke viz. Speculum Ecclesiasticū where as two chapters lightsomly entreat of this matter In meane time yet I haue somwhat which helds me doubtfull For Giraldus affirmeth y t his burying place was of Oake which as I doe not streyght way affirme to be false So I will insinuate those thinges which vehemētly persuade me to y ● cōtrary First the nūber