wilde Flaxe 1334. c. 1687 Toade Flaxe and the sorts 456. Fleabane and the sorts 125.126 Marsh or Water Fleabane 1231. Fleawort and the sorts 277 Flyebane is Catchflie Flixweede 830. Floramour or Flower gentle 753. Florey 602 Flotegrasse 1276. Flookewort or Water Penny wort 1214 Flower of Bristow single and double 629 Flower deluce and the sorts 255. c. Flower of the Sunne in my former booke Small Sun flower 660. Fluellen 553 Folefoote or Coltsfoote 1226. Folium Indum 1584 Sea Folefoote or Saldanella 167 Fooles stones or Orchis Morio 1346. Foxe stones 1350 Foxe taile grasse and bastard Foxetaile grasse 1166.1167 Medicke Fodder 1114. Forget me not or ground Pine 184 The Indian Fortune teller of life and death 1616 Foure leafed grasse 1112. Foxegloves 653 Foxe stones 1350. Frambois or Raspis in my former booke Franke Spurry 567. Francumsence tree 1602 White Francumsence ibid. Herbe Francumsence 881.684 Fresh water souldier 1249. Erench Beanes 1056 French Lavander 67. French or Vine Leekes 870 French Mallowes 298. French Marigolds French Mercury 295. French Sage 53 French Wheate or Bucke Wheate 1141 French or Romane Wormewood 48 Friers Cowle 375. Friers crowne 978 Froggebit 1253. Frogge grasse or Toadegrasse 1190 Frogge grasse or Grassewort 281 Fumitery 287. Bulbous Fumiterry 287 Syrian blacke bulbed Fumiterry 623 Furze or the Furze bush 1003 Fusse balles 1324. Spanish Fusseballs 1320 Fusses or Fustes be the refuse of Cloves 1577 G. GAlanga the greater and the lesser 1585 English Galinga or Galingale that is long sweet Cypress 145 Gallow grasse or Hempe 597 Gall Oake or tree and divers sorts of Galls 1390 Gang flower 1333. The sea Garland 1294 Garlicke 870. Crow Garlicke ibid. Wilde Garlike or Moly 870.871 Gaten ox Gater tree is Doggeberry tree 1521 Gaule or sweete Willow 1452 Gelded Satyrion or handed Orchis 1359 Gelder Rose 208. Gelsemine or Iasmine 1484 The greater Gentian or Fellwort 401 The Lesser Gentian of the Spring 404 Autumne Gentian 406. Germander and the sorts 104.105 Tree Germander and the sorts 109 Thorny sweete water Germanders 1676 Water Germander or Marsh or Garlike Germander 110 Gill creepe or goe by the ground is Alâ—hoofe 677 Gillo flowers and their sorts in my former booke Queenes Gillow flowers or Dames Violets 628 Rogues Gillow flowers is the same ibid. Stocke Gillow flowers wilde of divers sorts 622. c. Wall flower or Gillow flower 626. Sea stock Gillow flowers 622 Water Gillo flowers 1257. Winter Gillow flowers 624.626 Sea Girdle 129â— Yellow stocke Gillow flowers is Wallflowers 625 Gill runne by the streete is Sope wort 642 Ginger of two sorts 1613. Water Gladiolus 1250 Gladwin or stinking Gladwin 257 Glassewort the sorts 279.1284 Glidewort is Iron wort 588 Globe Thistle 978. Globe Daysie is blew Daysie 529 Globe Crowfoote in my former booke Goates beard 411 Goates Organy or Marjerome 16. Goates Rue 417 The Indian ratling God 1666 Goldflower or Goldilocks 690. Goldenflower Gentle 70 Golden flower of life ibid. Gold cups is Crowesfoote 333 Golden Rod and the sorts 542 Golden tufts 687 Golden Saxifrage 426. The Italian Gondalo or Cymbalaria 681 Gold of pleasure 867. Gorse or Furse 1005 Goose tree Barnacles or Brant Geese 1306 Goose berry bush and the sorts 1561. Goosegrasse or Clavers 567 Goose foote 749 Goose nest or Birds nest 1362 The Indian fruitfull Gourd bearing Almonds 1640 The Ethiopians sower Gourd 1632 The Diamond fashioned Chesnut Gourd 1639 Gourds of divers sorts 768. The bitter Gourd 160 Goe to bed at noone is is Goates beard 413 Gout wort or Herbe Gerard. 943 The Scarlet Graine 1396. The roote Graine 947 Graines of Paradise or Ginney Graines 577 Gratia dei or Gratiola is Hedge Hysope 220 Gromell and the sorts 431. Sea Grapes 451 Vine Grapes of divers sorts 1556 Arrow headed Grasse 1187. Bulbed Grasse 1175 Cats taile Grasse 1169. Canary Grasse 1163 Capons taile Grasse 1162. Bastard Canary Grasse 1164 Cotten Grasse 1271 Cockesfoote Grasse 1178 Corne Grasse 1157. Crested Grasse ibid. Cyperus Grasse 1171. Cyperus like Grasse 1265 Marsh Cyprus Grasse 11267 Sweete Dutch Grasse 1156. Flowring Cyperus Grasse 1196 Dew Grasse 1178. Dogges Grasse 1173 Finger Grasse 1189. Foureleafed Grasse 1112 Foxtaile Grasse 1166. Bastard Foxtaile Grasse 1167 Gillowflower Grasse 1161. Haver Grasse 1147 Hedghogge Grasse 1187. Kneed Grasse 1177. Maidenhaire Grasse 1164. Marsh Grasse Medow tufted Grasse 1155. Millet Grasse 1153 Mountaine tufted Grasse ibid. Mountaine and woodspiked Grasse 1161. Painted Grasse Oaten Grasse 1144. Panicke Grasse 1154. Pearle Grasse 1166 Parnassus Grasse single and double 429. Pipe grasse 1153 Prickly headed Grasse 1187. Purple Grasse 1112 Quakers or Quaking Grasse 1165. Quich Grasse 1175 Bulbed or Knobbed Quich grasse 1175 Reede Grasse 1180. Marsh Reede Grasse 1273 Sea Rush Grasse 1278. Sea Grasse 1275 Rush Grasse 1188. Rush Marsh Grasse 1269 Scorpion Grasse 1117. Spiked Grasse 1159 Three leafed Grasse of divers sorts 1112. c. Toade Grasse or Frogge Grasse 1190. Gold tufted Grasse 1157 Virginia jointed Spike Grasse 1163 Wood Grasses smooth and hairy 1184 Water Grasses 1274. Water Rush Grasses 1269. 1271 Winter Greene. 508. Greene. 508. Greeneweede 229 Ground Pine 282. Stinking ground Pine and not stinking 568 Groundsell and the sorts 671. Gutwort 199 Guaiacum or Lignum vitae 1586. Counterfeit Guaiacum or a tree like Guaiacum ibid. The America vice Guaiacum 1651 The blacke Moores Guaiacum 1652 A differing Indian Guaiacum 1587. Gum Amiimiâ—m 1594. 1580 Gum Anime 1670 Gum Arabecke 1543. Gum Armoniacke 1541 Gum Caranna 1576. Gum Copall 70 Cherry tree and Plume tree Gum. 1543. Gum Elomni 1586 679. Gum of Ivy. 679. 1544. Gum of Iuniper 1030 Gum Lacke 1588. Gum Sarcocoll 1544 Gum Tacamabaca 1608. Gum Tragacanth 996 H. HArd beame or Horne beane tree 1405 Hares Lettice 806. Good King Henry or English Mercury 1226. Harts ease 756. With a double flower 1682 Hartshorne 503. Hartwort of Candy 905 Hartwort of Ethiopia 907. Hartwort of Marseilles 903 Hartwort of Peloponesus 907 Harts tongue 1046. Harts thorne 501 Harts Trefoile is Mellilot 718 Hasell nut tree 1416. Witch Hasell is Hornebeame 1405 Indian purging cornered Hasell nuts 1638 Haske wort is Throatwort and the sorts 643 Hatchet Fetch 1088. Hather or Heath 1480 Haver or Oates 1134. Haver grasse or Oategrasse 1144 Hawke weede and the sundry sorts thereof 787 Hawthorne ordinary and smaller and Christinas or Englands twice flowring Hawthorne 1025. Haymaides is Alehoofe 677 Evergreene Hawthorne or Pyracantha S. Thomas his Heart 1621 Heath and the sundry sorts thereof 1480. Sea Heath 1296 Heath of Ierico or Heath Bose 1384 Faire Heath low Pine 570 Hedghogge Licoris 1099. Hedghogge Thistle 1001 Hedge Hysope 220. Hellweede 10 Blacke Helleborre or Christmas flower 211 Bastardblacke Hellebor or Bearefoote 212 Matthiolus his Bastard blacke Hellebor or Epipectis 214 The greatest bastard blacke Hellebor or Setterwort 212 White Hellebor or Neesewort 216 Wild white Hellebor of sundry colours 217.218 Helmet flower 315. Hemlocke and the sorts 932 Hempe and the sorts 597.
Spaniards Tomilho the French Thym Marjolaine d' Angleterre the Germanes Quendel the true kind Romscher Quendel welsher Quendel the Dutch Thymus we in English Tyme or garden Tyme or as they are in their titles Serpillum or Serpyllum is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a serpendo dictum of the Arabians Hemen of the Italians Serpillo of the Spaniards Serpilio of the French Serpollet of the Germanes Huner Kol of the Dutch Quendel or wilde Thymus we in English wild Tyme or Mother of Tyme The first true Tyme is usually called by all that have written of it Thymum legitimum or Capitatum or Creticum as Cordus Camerarius do but it is not that which the old Gerard setteth downe for it the second is called Thymus vulgaris nostras by many authors and Thymum durius nigrum by others by Caesalpinus Pepolina the fourth is called by Lobel Thymum latifolium and Serpyllum hortense by others but Bauhinus doth not number it among his Tymes but calles it Serpillum jus latifolium and is the same with Matthiolus his Serpillum although Bauhinus doth distinguish them the fift is from Bauhinus the sixt is called by Lobel Serpyllum Narbonense and by Clusius Serpyllum sylvestre Zygis Dioscorides the seventh Camerarius calleth Serpyllum majus flore purpureo and that with the white flower flore candido but both the old and new Gerard have erred in the figure and discription therof for this majus and the folijs Amaraci are both one the eighth is of Bauhinus his relation and denomination the ninth of both sorts Clusius calleth Serpyllum Pannonicum and Bauhinus angustifolium glabrum hirsutum the tenth is called by most authors Serpyllum or Serpyllum vulgare minus by others the rest have their names in their titles as whereby they may fitliest be called The Vertues The true Tyme or in the want thereof our garden Tyme as nearest thereunto although not altogether so effectuall doth helpe somewhat to purge flegme if as Dioscorides saith it be taken with hony salt and vinegar the decoction thereof is good for those that are troubled with shortnes or straightnesse of breath it killeth the wormes in the belly procureth the monethly courses of women expelleth the secondine or afterbirth after it hath holpen the delivery of the child causeth easie expectorations of tough flegme being taken with hony in an Electuary it dissolveth tumours or swellings when they are fresh the juyce thereof being annoynted or bathed on the place with some vinegar taketh away loose or hanging warts it helpeth those that have the Sciatica applyed with wine and meale it helpeth those that are dull sighted and is of good vse in meates and brothes to warme and comfort the stomacke and to helpe to breake winde as well for the sicke as the sound Galen saith the same things almost It is found by experience saith Aetius that if 4. dragmes of dried Tyme in powther be given in Oxymel fasting to them that have the gowte it helpeth them for it purgeth choller and other sharpe humours and that if one dragme thereof bee given fasting with meade it dissolveth the hard swellings of the belly It is profitable for those that have swellings in their sides and paines in their loynes and hippes it is likewise given fasting to those that have greate paines in their eyes and are bleare-eyed it is with wine applyed to the cods that are swollen Wild Tyme or Mother of Tyme if it be boyled and drunke moveth vrine and the monethly courses helpeth such as have griping paines in the belly or that have cramps or are bursten bellied or are troubled with inflamation of the liver being taken inwardly or applyed outwardly with Rosemary and vinegar to the head it ceaseth the paines thereof and is very helpefull to those that are troubled with either Frensye or Lethargy foure dragmes of the juyce drunke with a little vinegar is very availeable to those that spitt or vomit blood taken with hony licoris and aniseede in wine it helpeth a dry cough and is comfortable both to the head stomacke and reines and helpeth to expell winde the distilled water therof applyed with vinegar of Roses to the forehead easeth the rage of Frensye expelleth Vertigo that is the swimming or turning of the braine helpeth to breake the stone in the bladder CHAP. IIII. Cuscuta Dodder VNder this title of Dodder I comprehend not onely Epithymum as the chiefest kinde thereof but all the other sorts of laces or threads that grow either upon hearbes and shrubbes c. or upon the ground and because I would not speake of them in many places as I shall doe of the plants whereon they grow in severall places of this worke I though it more fitt to include them in one Chapter and give you knowledge both of their formes and vertues in one place rather then in many I acknowledge I might more fitly have placed this plant among the purgers but that for the names sake I would set it next unto the Tymes Epithymum The Dodder of Tyme Pliny setteth downe in the eigth Chapter of his 26. booke two sorts of Epithymum which Matthiolus seemeth to confute the one to be the flowers of Tyme as Dioscorides before him did both greene and white the other to be red haires growing without roote now most of our moderne writers doe acknowledge but one kinde Tragus as I thinke first mentioned both white red strings growing on severall hearbs even as I have done also which yet are but one and the same thing in it selfe growing in the same manner upon Tyme or Savory as it doth upon any other plant being red on some hearbes and white on others as may bee observed on sundry plants on Hampstead heath It first from seedes giveth rootes in the ground which shoote forth threads or stringes grosser or 1. Epithymum The Dodder of Tyme 2. Cuscuta Dodder finer as the property of the plants whereon it groweth and the climate doth suffer although Matthiolus and others have thought it to grow without roote creeping and spreading on that plant whereon it fasteneth bee it high or low clasping the very grasse if it meete with none else although Ruellius saith it groweth not on the grounde but on hearbes as upon some vines also in Narbone as Pena saith he observed these strings have no leaves at all upon them but winde and enterlace themselves so thicke oftentimes upon a small plant that it taketh away all comfort as one would thinke of the Sun from it and ready to choake or strangle it after these strings are risen up to that height that they may draw nourishment from the plant you shall scarse see any appearance of strings from the ground they being broken off either by the strength of their rising or withered by the heate of the Sunne and if they meete with no herbe or plant whereon to spreade they will soone perish of themselves as I have
tryed my selfe by sowing the seedes in a pot by themselves so observed their springing from whence divers have imagined that it might grow as Mosse upon trees or like Misselto but I think rather as Ivie by drawing nourishment insensibly from the plants whereon it groweth thereby partaketh of the nature of the same plants upon these strings of both sorts upon what plants or herbe soever they grow are found clusters of small heads or huskes out of which start forth whitish flowers which afterwards give small pale coloured seede somewhat flat and twice as bigge as Poppye seede thus much I thought good to let all others understand by that experience and observation I have had thereof yet after this mine owne observation I reade much to this purpose in Tragus in his chapter of Audrosace or Cuscuta by this which I have truely related it may appeare plainely to any that neither Tyme Savory or any other herbe doe naturally of their owne seede bring these stringes or laces but that they spring from their owne seede either shâ—l or scattered of themselves upon the ground or comming among the seedes of other hearbs that are sowne The plantes whereon these laces doe grow are observed by divers to be Vines as Pena and others that have observed them in France and in some places of Turkey upon trees and thornes and some other things Theophrastus in the 23. chap. of his second booke of the causes of plants doth set downe that Cadytas groweth on trees and bushes in Syria which Pliny altereth to Cassitas in the last chap. of his 16. booke by which word no doubt they meant this plant for it differeth not much from Cassita as many others have it or Cuscuta as it is generally called the Arabian name being Chassnth and Cuscuth the hearbs are Polium Dictamus Germauder Hysope Mother of Tyme Marjerome Staebe Wallwort Rosemary and others as Bauhinus hath recorded and also very plentifully in many places of our owne land upon Nettles and upon Lin or Flaxe and called Podagra lini and Angina lini upon Tares also more aboundantly in some places where it destroyeth the pulse or at the least maketh it much worse and is called of the Country people Hell-weede because they know not how to destroy it upon Fearne also and other hearbes upon Hampstead heath as I lately found my selfe the strings flowers being white and upon the grasse likewise on Black-heath in Kent on the very ground not rising an inch or two high being red The place Tyme and Names are sufficiently as I thinke expressed before yet in particular Tragus and Anguilara thinke it to be the Androsace of Dioscorides but erroniously for Epithymum as Matthiolus sheweth out of Aetius Actuarius and others is the threads or laces growing upon Tyme although Dioscorides calleth it the flower thereof we doe generally call that Epithymum that groweth on Tyme in English laced Tyme as the Epithymbra laced Savory and so of Epistoebe Epimajorana Epiurtica Epirubus and so the rest laced Stoebe laced Marjerome laced Nettles laced Brambles but wee call those strings generally by the name of Dodder especially that which groweth on Flaxe and Tares which are red and most frequent with us The Vertues Epithymum by Dioscorides Paulus Aetius Actuarius Mesues and all others is accounted theÌ„ most principall and powerfull Dodder growing upon any herbe and that upon Savory or Stoebe not to bee so effectuall for all melancholicke diseases and to purge blacke or burnt choller which is the cause of many diseases of the head and braines as also for the trembling of the heart faintings and swounings it is helpefull in all the diseases or griefes of the spleene and of that melancholy that riseth from the windines of the Hypochondria which is that part of the belly under the short ribbes where the spleene lyeth by flying up to the braine causeth a kinde of frensy or madnes it purgeth also the reines and kidneys by Vrine it profiteth them that have the Iaundise in opening the obstructions of the gall Galen saith it hath the properties of Tyme being hot and dry in the third degree as Ruellius boserveth from the Arabian authors that it hath by the astriction or drying quality a strengthning property beside the purging as it is also found in Rubarbe and that it is a safe medicine for the obstructions as well of the liver as spleene purging the veines of flegmaticke cholericke humours likewise as Mesues saith it helpeth childrens agues if a little wormeseed be put to it The Dodder of all other plants herbes in like maner pertaketh of the nature of them whereon they grow be they hot or cold and is thought to worke more effectually for those diseases wherunto the herbe it selfe is applyed Lobel saith that in the west parts of this kingdom where he found these laces upon Netles the people had good experience that it was a soveraigne remedy to procure plenty of Vrine where it was stopped or hindred my selfe also have understood it from those parts But that Dodder which groweth upon Tares being the most frequent about London and wherewith our markets are onely in a manner furnished and our Apothecaries shoppes stored from thence taketh his propertie from the Tares whereon it groweth and can have no effectuall quality comparable to Epithymum for as Galen saith Tares are hard of digestion and binde the bellye and that the nourishment of them engendereth thicke blood apt to turne into melancholie which qualities are cleane contrary to those of Epithymum Epithymbra or of other good herbes Chap. V Majoranae vulgares exoticae Common and Strange Marjeroms THere are divers sorts of sweete garden Marjeroms some growing onely in the summer others abiding the winter and one that groweth wilde there are some other sorts called Marum that I have intituled strange Marjerom all which shall be comprehended in this chapter 1. Majorana vulgaris aestiva The ordinary garden sweete Marjerome Our common sweete Marjerome that is commonly 1. Majorana vulgaris Sweete Marjerome sowen in our countrey is a small low herbe little above a foote high full of branches and small whitish and soft roundish leaves on them smelling very sweete at the toppes of the branches stand divers smal long and round scaly heads or knots and therefore of some called Knotted Marierom of a whitish greene colour out of which come here and there small white flowers and after them small reddish seede the roote is composed of divers small threads or strings which perisheth with the whole plant every yeere Majorana tenuifolia Marjerome gentle This Marjerome likewise hath divers small branches growing low and not higher then the former but having finer and smaller leaves hoary and soft but much sweeter the heads are like unto the former and so are the flowers and seede the whole plant being more tender then the former abiding but a Summer in like manner 3. Majorana odorata perennis Winter sweete Marjerom
seede is likewise the roote hereof hath a stronger sweete sent than any of the former and is smaller of the bignesse of the bigger rootes of Asparagus many growing from one head and running very farre under ground and springing up againe in many places of as induring a nature as the Couch grasse almost for if never so little a peece be left in the ground as broken off from the rest that is taken up it will shoote forth leaves and there grow againe so that oftentimes it becommeth no lesse a plague to a ground than a couch or any other such like running or creeping herbe 6. Aristolochia Clematitis Baetica Spanish Climing Birthwort The Spanish climing Birthwort hath diverse small long twining branches spreading into many other small ones running upon small trees and hedge bushes winding themselves very much about them like unto the greater Bindweedes or like unto Hoppes and often overtopping 7. Pistolochia vulgatior The bushie rooted Birthwort 8. Pistolochia Cretica semper virens Ever greene bushie rooted Birthwort them whereon doe grow severall leaves upon long footestalkes being round and broad somewhat like unto the Scammony of Mompelier or unto the other Birthworts but sharper pointed smooth and greene on the upperside and of a whitish purple underneath the flowers stand singly at the joynt as the former sorts doe and not as the last having the longest footestalke of any of the same forme but of a sad or darke purple colour and hairy on the inside the fruite is as great as the last and so is the seede but openeth it selfe at the bottome contrary to all the former sorts the roote runneth into the ground like the rough Bindweede whereunto it is very like of a pale whitish colour on the outside and of the bignesse of the last of nothing so strong a sent as it and of no unpleasant but of a sharpe and an astringent taste 7. Pistolochia vulgatior The bushy rooted Birthworte The bushy rooted Birthwort hath many slender long branched stalkes a foote long or more straked and crested as is both the long and the round whereon grow at distances as in the former diverse round leaves smaller rougher and blacker than the long whereunto it is most like but a little waved as it were about the edges the flowers also are very like them but in some very darke and in others of a greenish yellow colour the fruite is round and somewhat long and round at the end or point like unto the fruite of the first round kinde but smaller which openeth it selfe also as the last before doth at the bottome next unto the stalke and shewing such like seede within but smaller the rootes are many and small bigger than bullrushes for the most part shooting from one head with many small fibres thereto of a yellowish colour as all the rest are this looseth the leaves in winter as all the former doe 8. Pistolochia Cretica semper virens Ever greene bushie rooetd Birthwort of Candye The ever greene bushie rooted Birthwort of Candye sendeth forth many very slender flexible and trayling cornered stalkes branching into diverse other smaller about a foote long or better and of a sad greene colour whereon are set round leaves long pointed full of veines but lesser than the former and of a sad greene colour so abiding all the winter the flowers are like unto those of the long kinde standing upon long footestalkes of a very sad red colour on the outside and yellowish within the fruite and seede is smaller than in any other the rootes likewise are like the last but smaller and smelling somewhat sweet The Place The three first more ordinary kindes grow as well in Narbone and Provence in France about Mompelier in the fields and vineyards especially the running kinde that it maketh their wine where it is frequent to taste thereof as also in Spaine and Italy the other three that are like unto them Clusius saith he found in Spaine in diverse places and Honorius Bellus saith in Candye also in his first Epistle to Clusius and Petrus Bellonius in his first book of observations and 17 chap. doth also The seaventh groweth in the stony Ollive yards of Provence and Spaine and the last in Candye The Time These doe not flower with us untill the middle or end of Iuly and their fruit doth hardly ripen before the winter yet in the warmer countries they flower and seede early some of these doe flower much later with us if with all the care we can use unto them we can preserve them in the winter as both the sorts of long rooted and busty rooted kinds for the other are more hardy The Names It is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quasi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. optima puerperis but not praegnantibus as Pliny hath it it is good to helpe women that are ready to be delivered and that are delivered and not those that are with child not ready to be delivered for in such it may cause abortment or delivery before the time In former times when ignorance had hid in a cloud all sorts of learning and knowledge from all our Christian world many false herbes were obtruded for the right and in those errours many lived and dyed but the industry of this later age hath searched out found and detected many and among others this of Aristolochia many taking the Rad x Caeva major to be it and the minor to be the Pistolochia of Pliny but all now by the sight and knowledge of the true are ashamed that any such errour should at any time creepe in among wise men There is also some controversie among the later authors which should be the Aristolochia Clematitis of Dioscorides the Apothecaries of Italy in and before Matthiolus his time used this roote of Aristolochia Clematitis in stead of the true long Birthwort not knowing either the true long or that this their longa was Dioscorides his Clematitis Lonicerus and others found out this errour wrote against it and shewed that is was not the long one of Dioscorides but his Clematitis but Matthiolus contesteth against them with many words both for it and because they found fault with the text in Dioscorides who saith that Aristolochia Clematitis hath slender branches somewhat round leaves like unto Houseleeke and the flowers of Rue The Greeke word is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 aizoon or sempervivum parvum and they thought it should be rather 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 asarum parvum because the Aristolochia Clematitis hath round leaves like Asarum but Matthiolus in shewing that the words are the same that Oribasius hath also who wrote the same that Dioscorides did as also that Serapio and Avicen have the same words and that therefore the text is uncorrupted would thereupon conclude that the Aristolochia longa then used in the Apothecaries shops could not bee Dioscorides his Clematitis and the rather because the flowers of his Clematitis are like Rue which those of
of Dioscorides and Theophrastus that our Tormentill is their best and most noble Pentaphyllum and is thereunto led as he saith by the text of Theophrastus in his tenth booke and fourth Chapter wnich yet contrarieth his judgement in my mind for he there saith that all the leaves are five parted and his roote reddish when it is fresh and blackish and square when it is dryed but Tormentill hath more leaves of seaven divisions then five and hath alwayes yellow flowers when as Dioscorides saith his hath whitish The first Bauhinus calleth Quâ—que folium album majus caulescens The second is his Quinque folium album majus alterum and by all other Authors Pentaphyllum or Quinquefolium album the other of that kind Tragus calleth his owne that is Pentaphyllum Tragi nobile Vnto the third I have given the name as Alpinus doth from the forme of his leaves and fruite and from the place of his naturall abiding but Pona in his Italian Baldus calleth it Lupinus Arabicus sive Pentaphyllum peregrinum The fourth Bauhinus calleth Quinquefolium album minus The fifth is Clusius his second which he calleth Quinquefolium minus flore albo and as he saith is the same that Lobel calleth Pentaphyllum minimum petraum but that as Clusius saith his kinde hath as large flowers as the Strawberry which Lobels hath not but Clusius is therein much deceived for Lobels Pentaphyllum petraeum or petrosum is declared before to be the Stellaria argentea of Camerarius and with Bauhinus Quinquefolium album minus alterum The sixth came to me by the name of Pentaphyllum argenteum and because it is none of the great ones I have added thereto minus The last Clusius calleth Pentaphyllum fragiferum and is the Fragaria quarta Tragi The Italians call it Cinquefolio the Spaniards Cinco Yramas the French Quintefueille the Germanes Funff finger kraut the Dutch men Viif vinger czuyt we in English Cinkefoile and Cinkefield and five finger grasse or five leafed grasse Secundus Ordo The second Ranke 1. Pentaphyllum vulgatissimum The most common Cinkefoile THe common small Cinkefoile spreadeth and creepeth farre upon the ground with long slender stringes like Strawberries which take roote againe and shooteth forth many leaves made of five parts and some times of seven dented about the edges and somewhat hard the stalkes are slender leaning downewards and beare many small yellow flowers thereon with some yellow threds in the middle standing about a smooth green head which when it is ripe is a little rough and containeth small brownish seede the roote is of a blackish browne colour seldome so bigge as ones little finger but growing long with some threds or fibres thereat and by the small strings it quickly spreadeth over the ground 2. Pentaphyllum incanum repens Alpinum Creeping Mountaine Cinkefoile The creeping Mountaine Cinkefoile shooteth forth many leaves from the roote like unto the former and dented about the edges but softer in handling and somewhat of a grayish greene or hairy shining colour the stalkes are slender and trayle almost upon the ground with some lesser and lesser divided leaves on them then below bearing many gold yellow large flowers with yellow threds in the middle and such like seede the roote is smaller and more fibrous then the former but spreadeth in the like manner 3. Pentaphyllum repens minus Small creeping Cinkefoile This small Cinkefoile creepeth and spreadeth upon the ground like the last and is in stalkes and flowers alike also saving that the leaves are somewhat larger and nothing hoary or shining but greene and have a little soft hairy downe on them and the flowers are not of so gold a yellow colour in other things not much differing 4. Pentaphyllum minus repens lanuginosum Small woolly creeping Cinkefoile This woolly Cinkefoile is very like the last for growing both of stalkes leaves and flowers but the stalkes are 1. Pentaphyllum vulgatissimum The most common Cinkefoile 4. Pentaphyllum minus repens lanuginosum Small hoary creeping Cinkefoile 6. Pentaphyllum supinum Potentillae sacie Low Cinkefoile with wild Tansie leaves a little slender not greene but reddish the leaves are more woolly and the edges deepelier dented in the flowers also are of a deeper gold yellow colour then the last 5. Pentaphyllum minimum repens The smallest creeping Cinkefoile This smallest Cinkefoile is lesse creeping then any of the former having many small leaves of five parts as others have but a little whitish hoary underneath this scarse beareth any stalke with small pale yellow flowers having a purplish head in the middle which growing ripe is hard and like a small Strawberry head as all the rest have the roote is small but somewhat sharper in taste then the others but yet astringent withall 6. Pentaphyllum supinum Potentillae facie Low Cinkefoile with wild Tansy leaves This small Cinkefoile creepeth not nor yet standeth upright but leaneth downe with his weake stalkes to the ground ward having very long stalkes of leaves on them divided into many parts next the ground set on each side thereof two at a space one against another and an odde one at the end all of them dented about the edges very like unto wild Tansy leaves but not hoary or silver like as they but greene the flowers come at the joynts with the leaves towards the toppes of the stalkes which are there lesser and lesse divided then those below every one by it selfe which are small and of a pale yellow colour with a head in the middle which after it is ripe is like unto the other Cinkefoile heads of seede that is like unto a small hard dry Strawberry the roote is small long and blackish like the ordinary Cinkefoile 7. Alterum eidem simile Enneaphyllon Another small one like thereunto There is another low one of this kind that Bauhinus hath â—et forth in his Prodromus whose small slender stalkes three or foure inches long are many lying round about the roote upon the ground divided into many branches whereon are long stalkes of leaves like unto the last but divided into nine parts each of them much narrower than they very hairy and dented about the edges the flowers are small and more yellow standing in the same manner and yeelâ—ing the like heade of seede the roote is somewhat thicker and blacke ending in long fibres The Place The first groweth by woods sides hedge sides the pathwayes in fields and in the borders and corners of them almost through all the land the second groweth on the highest toppes of the Alpes that are highest unto Austria the other Pentaphyllum of Clusius groweth in the grassie fields of the Alpes neare Austria the third groweth the most common of all others by the wayes sides in dry grounds in Hungary the lower Austria Moravia and Bohemia the fourth groweth in the same places with the third but more rare to be met with the fift Tragus saith in many sandie grounds of Germany and in the grassie fields that are by the woods
them divided sometimes into two or three branches bearing every one a small flower like unto the last but of a blewish purple colour standing in a shorter greene head wherein is contained shorter and thicker seede then in the former the roote is long and blacke without and white within like the other and yeelding also but little milke yet abiding as the rest 5. Scorsonera minima tuberosa radice Hispanica The smallest Spanish Vipers grasse This least Vipers grasse hath divers leaves very small and narrow lying on the ground some rootes giving smooth leaves and others crumpled about the edges the stalkes are very small and scarse rising three or foure inches high bearing out of a long small scaly head a very small and single pale yellow flower wherein grow smaller blacke seedes and enclosed in farre lesser downe then in any of the other the roote is as thicke as three fingers or more but much shorter then in any other kindes blackish without and somewhat whitish within yeelding very little milke when it is broken but abideth the Winter almost as well as any of the rest 6. Scorsonera Illyrica Vipers grasse of Sclavony The multitude of long narrow leaves with three ribbes in them to the number of fifty or an hundred and of twenty slender stalkes of small yellow flowers and smaller seed after them then most of the former the roote being blacke and thicke maketh this kinde differ from the rest The Place The first groweth in many places of Germany Bohemia and Hungary The second on the hils by Baden in Germany The third in many of the same places with the first The fourth on a small hill nigh unto Stampfen which is two Dutch miles from Posonium a chiefe City in Hungary and in other places thereof The fifth grew in Spaine and good store of the rootes being brought hither I planted some of them in my Garden perceiving them in forme to differ from others which growing yeelded such leaves flowers and seede as is before for downe The last in Illyria or Sclavonye as Alpinus saith The Time They doe all flower in May and their seede is ripe before the end of Iune The Names The first knowledge of Scorsonera to the world came by Monardus a famous Physition in Sivell although it was found out and the use of it likewise thirty yeares before he wrote thereof who made a small tractâ— thereof and of the Bezar stone which Clusius translated out of the Spanish into the Latine tongue and published it with other of his workes translated also and annexed to his booke of strange or Exoticke things wherein it is set downe that a Moore a bondslave did helpe those that were bitten of that venemous beast or Viper as it is called by others which they of Catalonia where they breed in abundance call in their language Escuersâ— from whence Scorsonera is derived with the juice of this herbe and the roote given them to eate which both tooke away the poison and healed the bitten place very quickely when Treakle and other things would doe no good which ever since hath growne in estimation as well against venome or poyson as against other diseases as you shall heare by and by The first is called by Clusius Scorsonera major Pannonica by Matthiolus Scorsonera Bohemica whom Lobel and Lugdunensis follow Tabermontanus and Gerard call it Germanica and Bauhinus Latifolia altera The second is called by Clusius Scorsonera humilis latifolia Pannonica by Tabermontanus Scosonera Pannonica and by Bauhinus Scorsonera latifolia humilis nervosa The third is called by Lobel Scorsonera altera by Tabermontanus Scorsonera Germanica angustifolia and by Bauhinus Scorsonera folijs nervosâ— The fourth is called by Clusius Scorsonera angustifolia elatior Pannonica by Thalius Scorsonera tenuifolia altera and by Bauhinus Scosonera angustifolia subcaerulea The fifth because it came from Spaine without any name I have entitled it according to the face and forme thereof Scorsonera minima tuberosa radice Hispanica it is very probable that Bauhinus in his Prodromus doth meane this plant it commeth so nere unto it which he there calleth Hieracium capillacco flore for he saith it better agreeth to a Scorsonera then Hieracium The last Alpinus setteth forth under the same title it hath some doe call them Viperaria and Viperina and some Serpentina The Vertues Bauhinus saith that the rootes of the Spanish kinde hath in their naturall places some bitternesse which if it be so for I never saw such is not perceived in those that have growne many yeares in our land it is very likely that the temperature of the Climate doth alter in some part the bitternesse thereof but Monardus writeth that those that grow in Spaine are somewhat sweete in taste like a Parsneppe and may be eaten in the same manner the roote hereof saith Monardus whether raw or dressed or condited as also the juice of the herbe taken by themselves or with any other cordiall or Counterpoyson doth not onely helpe the biting of that so venemous Serpent the Escuersos but of the Viper and all other virulent creatures the water distilled in glasses is a present remedy for all contagious fevers for by causing sweate the infection is evaporated and the sicke person restored the same also or the roote it selfe taken is good against the passions and tremblings of the heart as also against swounings sadnes melancholy the roote preserved and taken fasting or the said water drunke for some dayes together doth open the obstructions of the liver spleene and the other inward part as also helpeth to bring downe womens courses and to ease the suffocation or other diseases of the mother whatsoever for in those feminine griefes it hath a very powerfull effect as hath beene often and certainely found true it is also very good against the swimming or turning of the braine and all other paines in the head it is also very condiall both to strengthen the vitall spirits when they are much subject to faint or swoune as also against melancholy or sadnesse that ariseth without manifest cause if the clarified juice of the herbe be set in the Sunne for certaine dayes and the purer liquor thereof mixed with a little hony be dropped into the eyes it both cleareth and strengthneth the sight and taketh away the spots and blemishes in them The rootes preserved with Sugar are not onely very pleasant to the taste but effectuall for many of the aforesaid griefes CHAP. XXVIII Tragopogon Goates beard ALthough it is not certainely knowne that the Goates beardes have the like Alexipharmicall property to expell venome and poyson as the Scorsoneras or Vipers grasses yet because they are so like unto them in outward forme and manner of growing they being but as species ejusdem generis the Tragopogon or Goates beard being the standard or genus and herein principally differing that all the Tragopogons are but annual or perishing after they have borne seede and all the sorts of Scorsonera living
Wellingborough in Northamptonshire the fourth and fifth in Candy the sixth and seaventh in Naples and the last in Bavaria They all flower late The Names Lobel and Pena say that the third Saxifrage of Matthiolus which some call magna Matthioli and others major Italorum is the same which they have set forth in the first place in their Adversaria although it grow not so great and entitle it also Saxifraga antiquiorum but I enterposed my opinion of that in the last Chapter but Bauhinus supposeth them to be two severall plants calling that of Matthiolus Caryophyllus Saxifragus and that of Lobel Caryophyllus Saxifragus strigosior the second is a species as Lobel thinketh of the former as is said in the description and commeth nearest to the second sort of Candy Saxifrage but differing in the flowers yet Lobel doubteth if it may not be a kinde of Chickeweede but sure he need not doubt it nor that it was Synanchice Dalechampij The third here expressed commeth nere likewise unto Columna his first Neapolitane Saxifrage but that ours groweth in morish and his in rocky places and that the flowers of his have but foure leaves and ours five round pointed and his sharpe Alpinus maketh mention of the Candy kindes and Columna of the Neapolitane which he entitleth Alsme Saxifraga mantana maritina the last Camerarius and Pona call Saxifraga Bavarica but Bauhinus putteth a doubt or quaere whether it be not the Saxifraga magna Matthioli when as Pona in the description of mount Baldus mentioneth the magna Matthioli in divers places thereof and describeth and giveth the figure of Bavarica distinctly The vertues The Italians doe wonderfully extoll with praises the vertues of their Saxifrages and so doe the Candiots and Neapolitanes likewise to breake and dissolve the stone in the reines and kidneies and bladder and to procure urine and to confirme the truth thereof Matthiolus saith he received from Calzolarius an Apothecary of Vecâ— such great stones of sundry persons that were voided in making of their urine that it could hardly be beleeved that they could passe through the pipes from the bladder to give him knowledge how powerfull in operation these are that can expell the stone in the kidnies and bladder be they never so great the other Saxifrages except the third have the same properties taken in wine or in a draught of the decoction of them with Quich grasse rootes doth effectually performe as much as the former to dissolve and breake the stone CHAP. VI. Gramen Parnassi vulgare The common grasse of Parnassus THis Grasse of Parnassus hath many leaves rising from the roote not altogether round but ending in a point smaller and thicker than Violet leaves with many ribbes or long veines in them of a fresh greene colour every one standing on a long foote stalke among which there ariseth divers slender weake stalkes scarse a foote high and scarse able to stand upright whereon grow at the severall joynts such like leaves but smaller without any foote stalke but having the stalke joyning so close to it that it seemeth almost to runne through it the toppes of the stalkes are naked and bare of leaves unto the flowers for a good way which are white and consist of five leaves standing round and in the middle a small round greene head or button with some yellow threds about them which in time growing to be ripe is a round button wherein is contained small reddish seede the roote is a small blackish threddy bush of fibres not perishing as divers of the former doe Gramen Parnassi duplicato flore Double flowred Grasse of Parnassus This is in all things like the former saving in the flower which hath a row of smaller leaves within the other outermost which maketh a shew of the double flower this seldome giveth any seede as the former The Place The first groweth in many moist moorish grounds in England as in the Moores neere Lynton and Cambridge at Hesset and Drinkestone in Suffolke in the Butchers close thereby in a Medow close on the backeside of the Parsonage house of Burton and at the bottome of Barton hills in Beafordshire as also in the middle of the great Towne-field of Hadington which is about a mile from Oxford and on the other side of Oxford in the pasture next unto Botley in the high way The other was found in the country of Brabant The Time They flower not untill about Saint James tide and the seede is ripe a moneth after The Names It is called Gramen Parnassi and judged by most to be the right Gramen Parnassi of Dioscorides although Gesner in hortis Germaniae saith that the right is not knowne to any in our dayes but saith withall that the Polonians doe call it Euneadynamis It is very probable that this herbe grew most plentifully upon Mount Parnassus whereon cattell feeding became fat and well liking as our Clover or three leaved grasse doth with us and thereupon took the name as is usuall in divers countries to call herbes by the name of Grasse although they have no likenesse with Grasse indeede and this may answer Mr. Gerards finding fault with the name of Parnassus Grasse Cordus Gramen Parnassi flore simplici Singlâ— Parnassus Grrsse Gramen Parnassi duplici Double flowred Parnassus Grasse in his history of plants calleth it Hepatica alba Gesner in Collectione stirpium Vnifolium palustre Lobel calleth it Gramen Parnassi hederaceum recentiorum Tabermontanus Gramen hederaceum and Flos hepaticus The other is called by Lobel Gramen Parnassi duplicato flore The Vertues Paulus Aegineta saith that Parnassus grasse is temperately cold of thinne parts and somewhat sowre the juice of the herbe or the decoction thereof or of the rootes doth dissolve and expell stones and gravell from the reines and bladder gathered therein and provoketh urine aboundantly and the seede thereof taken in powder worketh more forcibly then either the herbe or roote and withall doth stay any vomitings from the stomacke and any fluxe of the belly the decoction of the rootes made with wine being drunke doth ease torments and griping paines in the bowels and the ulcers that are in the bladder it helpeth also against the biting of any venemous beast the juice of the herbe or roote is good to coole any inflammation or heate in the eyes to dry up the running or watering in them and to cleare them from mistinesse or cloudy skinns that obscure the sight if it be mixed with a little hony and dropped into them it is held also effectuall to ease the toothache being gargled in the mouth the herbe or roote or seede either the juice decoction or powder is very effectually applyed to close up greene wounds that are much subject to bleeding and restraineth inflammations that may disease the party or hinder the cure CHAP. VII Lachryma Iob. Iobs Teares I Have thought good to place this plant in a Chapter by it selfe and not with the kindes of Gromel
trinervia montana incana and Bauhinus Plantago trinervia montana the eight Bauhinus calleth Plantago trinervia folio angustissimo the last he also calleth Plantago angustifolia paniculis Lagopi The Vertues All these sorts of Plantane both the greater and the lesser both the broader and the narrower leafed are of one propertie that is cold and drie in the second degree I thought good to speake of their vertues in the end of all their descriptions to avoid prolixitie and tantologie in repeating the same properties divers times All the Plantanes but some hold the Ribbewort to be the stronger and more effectuall have these properties hereafter ensuing The juice of Plantane depurate or clarified and drunke for divers dayes together either of it selfe or in other drinke prevaileth wonderfully against all torments and excoriations in the guts or bowells helpeth the distillations of rheume from the head and stayeth all manner of fluxes in man or woman even the feminine courses also when they come downe too abundantly it is good to stay the spitting of bloud and all other bleedings at the mouth by having a veine broken in the stomacke and that maketh bloudy or foule water by any ulcer in the veines or bladder as also to stay the too free bleeding of wounds it is held also an especiall remedy for those that are troubled with the Ptisicke or Consumption of the lungs or have ulcers in their lungs or have coughs that come of heate the decoction or powder of the rootes or seede is much more binding for all the purposes aforesaid than the herbe is Dioscorides saith that if three rootes be boiled in wine and taken it helpeth the tertian ague and foure rootes the quartane but I hold the number to be fabulous yet the decoction of divers of them may be effectuall but Tragus holdeth that the distilled water thereof drunke before the fit is more proper the seede made into powder and mixed with the yolke of an egge and some wheate flower made into a cake and baked either in an oven or betweene a couple of tyles heated for the purpose this cake prepared every day fresh and eaten warme for some few dayes together doth mightily stay any fluxe of the stomacke when the meate passeth away indigested and stayeth likewise the vomitings of the stomacke the herbe but especially the seede which is of more subtile parts is likewise held to be profitable against the dropsie the falling sicknesse yellow jaundise and the oppilations or stoppings of the liver or reines the rootes of Plantane and Pellitory of Spaine beaten to powder and put into hollow teeth taketh away the paines in them the clarified juice or the distilled water but especially that of Ribbewort dropped into the eyes cooleth the inflammations in them and certainely cureth the pinne and webbe in the eye and dropped into the eares easeth the paines therein and helpeth and restoreth the hearing the same also is very profitably applied with juice of Housleeke against all inflammations and eruptions in the skinne and against burnings or scaldings by fire or water the juice or the decoction made either of it selfe or with other things conducing thereunto is a lotion of much use and good effect for old or hollow ulcers that are hard to be cured for cancres and sores in the mouth or privie parts of man or woman and helpeth also the paines of the hemorrhoides or piles and the fundament the juice mixed with oyle of Roses and the temples and forehead annointed herewith easeth the paines of the head proceeding from heate and helpeth franticke and lunaticke persons very much as also the bitings of Serpents or a madde Dogge the same also is profitably applied to all hot gouts in the feete or hands especially in the beginning to coole the heate and represse the humours it is also good to be applied where any bone is out of joint to hinder inflammations swellings and paines that presently rise thereupon the powder of the dried leaves taken in drinke killeth the wormes of the belly and the said dried leaves boiled in wine killeth the wormes that breede in old and foule ulcers One part of Plantane water and two parts of the brine of powdred beefe boyled together and clarified is a most sure remedy to heale all spreadnig scabbes and itch in the head or body all manner of tetters ringwormes the shingles and all other running and fretting sores Briefely all the Plantanes are singular good wound herbes to heale fresh or old wounds and sores either inward or outward Erasmus in his Colloquia reporteth a prettie story of the Toade who being stung or bitten by a Spider sought out Plantane and by the eating thereof was freed from that danger CHAP. XII Holosteum sive Plantago marina Sea Plantane THere remaine some other sorts of herbes referred to the Plantanes which shall follow in their order and first of those are called Holostea which for want of a fitter name we call Sea Plantane 1. Plantago marina vulgaris Ordinary Sea Plantane This sea Plantane hath many narrow long and thicke greene leaves having here and there a dent or two on the one edge pointed at the end among which rise up sundry bare stalkes with a small spilted head thereon smaller than Plantane else alike both in blooming and seede the roote is somewhat white thicke and long with long fibres thereat abiding many yeares 1. Plantago marina vulgaris Ordinary Sea Plantane 2. Holosteum Salmanticum Spanish Sea Plantane 3. Holosteum angustifolium majus sive Sâ—rpentaria major The greater Sea Plantane with grassie leaves 4. Holostaâ— angusâ—ifolium minus sive Serpentiâ—a minor The lesser Sea Plantane with grassie leaves 5. Holosteum creticum sive Leontopodium Creticum Candy Sea Plantane Leontopodium idem diverse expressum The same plant diversly expressed 2. Holosteum Salmanticum Spanish Sea Plantaine This Spanish Sea Plantaine also differeth not much from the former greater kinde having many narrow hoâ—y leaves lying on the ground but shorter and broader then they among which rise up divers naked short stalkes little more then an handbreadth high furnished from the middle almost to the toppes with many whitish greene flowers Aliâ—d minus standing more sparsedly in the spiked heads then the former which afterwards yeeld smal seeds in husks like unto Plantaine seede the roote is somewhat long and hard with divers fibres at it There is another sort hereof much lesser then the former the leaves greener and narrower and the heads 6. Myosuros Cauda Mâ—riâ— Mousetaile of flowers smaller 3. Holosteum angustifolium majus sive Serpentaria major The greater Sea Plantaine with grassie leaves This greater Sea Plantaine hath a number of small long leaves almost like grasse but that they are stiffe and hard sometime lying upon the ground and sometime from a stemme under them raised a little higher of a grayish or hoary green colour and having on some of them some small gashes on the edges among which rise up naked stalkes about
whole plant both leaves flowers and seede are of a strong and grievous sent and of a very sharpe and quicke taste 3. Camphoratae congener sive Anthyllis altera Italorum Ground Pine not stinking The other Ground Pine that smelleth not so strong as the former sorts doe groweth upright in the same manner with divers upright slender stalkes and many small leaves set at the joynts some of them being longer and some shorter then others all covered with a small woollinesse the flowers are very small standing many together at the toppes of the branches of a pale yellowish colour and of an astringent and drying taste The Place The first groweth neare unto Mompelier and Nemausium especially out of the rifts and chinkes of the old walls of the Amphitheater there and seldome in any other part of France or Italy as Pena saith yet Lugdunensis saith it prospereth better in fertile and moyst places then in such as are barren and dry The second groweth both in sandy dry grounds and in rotten moorish grounds likewise The last groweth in many places of Italy but whether naturally of that country or no is not signified but they there keepe it in their gardens where most usually it is to be seene The Time All these flower very late or not at all with us and are very hardly preserved in the winter being tender comming from so hot and dry places The Names None of these plants were knowne to the antient writers eyther Greekes or Latines by any the names of their herbes knowne to us now a dayes the name Camphorata is taken from Camphora because the sent is thought to be so like unto Camfire as divers doe imagine but surely then it smelleth otherwise in the hotter countries then they doe in ours for with us the former two have a grievous heady sent yet nothing so fierce and quicke in my judgement as Camfire is Anguillara first and others afterwards as also Pena and Lobel referre the former unto the Chamaepeuce of Pliny whereof he maketh mention in his 24. Booke and 15. Chapter saying that Chamaepeuce hath leaves like unto the Larche tree but Lugdunensis saith that divers did rather referre this to the Selago of the sayd Pliny mentioned in his 24. Booke and 11. Chapter where he saith that Selago is like unto Savine Divers also tooke it to bee the Cneorum nigrum of Dioscorides and Theophrastus but the learned of Mempelier called it Camphorata major and so doth Lobel call it Camphorata Monspeliensium Bauhinus calleth it Camphorata hirsuta when as according to Lugdunensis his description the roughnesse belongeth rather to the second in the stalkes and leaves and not unto this first Divers also tooke it to bee Ericae prius genus a kind of Heath others to be Hyssopus nemorensis and some also to be that Musci terrestris genus that Tragus doth set forth by the name of Sabina sylvestris Our London dispensatorie or pharmacopaeia Londinensis in the description of Vnguentum Marciatum maketh Camphorata to be Abrotanum which is utterly untrue yet I think it may very well be the substitute or succedanium thereof for that oyntment and Lugdunensis also saith that divers did referre the second which he calleth Champhorata minor Dalechampij to the Chamaepeuce of Pliny aforesaid but Bauhinus calleth it Camphorata glabra as though this were smooth which as I sayd before is contrary The last is called Anthyllis altera by Anguillara and others The learned in Italy as Lobel in his observations saith referre it to the second sort of Anthyllis of Dioscorides but because as he there saith it is not sweet as that second Anthyllis of Dioscorides should be hee doth rather judge the Iva Moschata Monspeliensium to be the truer Anthyllis altera then this Anthyllis Italorum Gerard hath much erred in calling this Anthyllis lentifolia and yet his figure doth expresse this Anthyllis Italorum and not Anthyllis lentifolia although his description doth Bauhinus calleth it as Lobel and others before him have done Camphoratae congener Tabermontanus Camphorata altera The Vertues These herbes are all of them of a drying faculty and are very profitably used inwardly to stay defluxions from the head that fall into the eyes and upon the Lungs and outwardly in bathes to stay running humours that rest in the joynts as the Goute Crampes Palsies and Aches it is no lesse effectuall for the Nerves and Sinewes to comfort and strengthen them to be made into a salve or oyntment and is availeable both in fresh wounds and old running ulcers and sore and therefore divers doe account it of the same propertie with Southernwood for all the purposes whereunto it is used CHAP. XLIX Coris The faire Heath Low Pine THere are three sorts of herbes called Coris the one Matthiolus first set forth and made knowne the other Honorius Bellus of Candy and Pena and Lobel set out the last which are as followeth 1. Coris Matthioli Matthiolus his faire Heath Low Pine This springeth up to the height of a foote or more with divers hard wooddy reddish stalkes full of joynts and many small and long thicke fat leaves set together at every of them somewhat like unto the Spergula or Francke Spurry at the toppes of the stalkes stand divers flowers each of them upon a short foote stalke consisting of five or sixe leaves somewhat like unto Hypericum S. Iohns woâ— or Ornithogalum Starre of Bethelem as Lobel compareth them but of a whitish red colour with yellow threds in the middle yet Matthiolus and others say the flowers are all yellow like Hipericum smelling somewhat sweete the seede is enclosed in round heads the roote is somewhat long and wooddy with many threddy fibres thereat this keepeth his greene leaves all the winter but turne somewhat of a yellowish red colour towards Autumne or seede time 2. Coris legitima Cretica Belli The Candye faire Heath Low Pine This Candiot as Bellus saith groweth to be a cubit and a halfe high in good ground branching forth many wayes and bearing many small leaves like unto Heath on the woody stalkes and branches the flowers at the toppes are not unlike to S. Iohns wort and yellow which passe into seede enclosed in huskes like it also the roote is long spreading and wooddy abiding with greene leaves thereon all the winter 3. Coris Monspeliensium The purple faire Heath Low Pine This faire Heath Low Pine riseth up likewise with many round wooddy and reddish stalkes not so high as the former having many small long thick roundish leaves set thereon without order most commonly yet sometimes conformable one unto another somewhat like unto the great kinde of Heath the tops of the stalkes are stored with a great spiked tuft or bush of purplish blew flowers but pale red with us smelling somewhat sweete each consisting of foure leaves a peece double forked as it were at the ends two whereof that stand uppermost are greater than the other two that are
Camerarius Gesner in hortis and Lugdunensis and taken by Caesalpinus to be the true Androsaemum of Dioscorides Galen and Pliny and the Centeria of Theophrastus but 〈◊〉 in his Adversaria contesteth against it 〈◊〉 saith it is the Clymenum Italorum as Anguillara doth and likewise Gesâ—r in hortis so also Castor Durantes and of the Italians in many places called Siciliana or herba Siciliana because as they imagined it grew no where naturally but in Sicily or Caeciliana as Camerarius hath who also calleth it Climenum non Dioscoridis seâ— Plinianum as Anguillara before him did Bauhinus calleth it Androsaemum maximum frutiscons We call it properly in English Tutsan from the French who call it Toutsaine not from the Italians who call it Tutisan as Camerarius saith Some also call it Parke leaves because it is so familiar to Parkes and Woods that it almost groweth no where else The second is called Androsaemum by Matthiolus as also by Fuschiâ—s Laâ—una Cordus upon Dioscorides and Gesner Camerarius as I take it calleth it Androsaemum miâ— for he calleth the former majus and Lobel calleth it Androsaemum magnum and Excellentius because he was not perswaded that the first was worthy the name of Androsaemum Dodonaeus would have it to bee Ruta Sylvestris of Dioscorides and thereupon calleth it Ruta Sylvestris Hypericoides because Dioscorides writeth that the Ruta Sylvestris was called Hypericâ—s by some in his time I take it to be the Hypericum secundum Tragi in dumetis nasceus as also to bee the Androsaemum Campoclarense of Columna Bauhinus doth impose two severall names upon this herbe in my judgement when as it is but one for hee calleth that of Matthiolus Cordus Gesner and the rest Ascyrum sive Hypericum bifolium glabrum non perforatum and the other of Lobel which Dodonaeus called Rutasyl Hypericoides Androsaemum alterum folijs Hyperici quod aliquibus Hypericoides The third is called by Coluâ— as it is in the title but by Bauhinus Androsaemum perfoliatum perforatum The last is called by Camerarius Androsamum minus sive angustifolium 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and taketh it to be Tragium of Honorius Bellus of Candy called by the inhabitants Neroicti as hee saith and as it is remembred by him in his third Epistle to Clusius set forth with Clusius his Historia rariorum plantarum whose figure as Camerarius thought was not as then set forth by any but since his time Bauhinus hath exhibited the figure thereof in his Matthiolus by the name of Androsaemum 〈◊〉 and afterwards by Pona in the description of mount Baldus both in his Latine and Italian Edition when he calleth it Traguâ—legitimum veterum ab ipso Bello effigiatum and in the same Latine Edition fol. 11. hee calleth it Tragium Câ—ticum Bellonij non Dioscoridis and so doth Bauhinus also but I thinke Bauhinus was mistaken to thinke that this plant which in his Pinax he formerly referreth to Tragium of Honorius Bâ—s should bee also the same with Ascyrum Legitimum for Bellus saith that the Cretans called this Agondâ—râ— and the Tragium Neroicâ— as it is before sayd so that these are two severall plants and called by two severall names as Bellus sheweth it who was so singular in herbarisme that he would not fall into such an errour as Bauhinus â—heâ— doth The Vertues Tutsâ—n â—nd â—ately 〈…〉 yet the seede hath an abstersive qualitie whereby it purgeth choloricle 〈…〉 as 〈…〉 worth 〈◊〉 before to doe for therein and in all other things it makes the same effect 〈…〉 â—nd to heale burnings by fire it stayeth also the bleeding of wounds if eâ—ther◠〈…〉 â—der of the dry be applyed thereto it is and so hath formerly in all ages 〈…〉 soveraigne herbe to heale any wound or sore eyther outwardly or inwardly 〈…〉 â—efore it was alwayes one of their singular good herbes wherewith they made wound 〈…〉 â—es oyles or oyntments for any sort of greene wound or old Vlcers and 〈…〉 experience of many ages to bee admirable good hath confirmed the use thereof to be 〈…〉 although it be not so much in request and use as formerly it was when as Chirurgions and leeches did more addict themselves to use herbes then now they doe CHAP. LIII Bupleurunt Hares cares MAny have reckoned the Bupleura fit to be placed with the umbellifers because they beare tufts of flowers and seede like unto them but in that their growing is much different I have thought it fitter to speake of them apart 1. Bupleurum angustifolium Narrow leafed Hares cares The narrow leafed Hares cares riseth up with a round stiffe greene stalke two foote high at the 〈◊〉 joynts whereof grow severall long and narrow very darke greene shining smooth leaves broadest at the 〈◊〉 and narrower by degrees unto the ends with divers ribbes running thorough them the middlemost wheâ— greatest yet nothing so narrow as grasse leaves as divers doe compare them as any that I have scene 〈◊〉 sort which stand one above another up to the top growing smaller at the joynts likewise 〈◊〉 the middle of the stalkes at the least upwards if it grow in any good ground come forth small br◠〈◊〉 sometimes with few or no branches at all at the tops whereof stand many small tufts or umbells of ye◠〈◊〉 flowers which turne into small seede like Parseley seede but of a darker colour and somewhat longer 〈◊〉 roote is somewhat long but small and white on the outside like unto a Parsley roote with divers â—er 〈◊〉 at perishing yearely with me as the next also 2. Bupleurum latifolium Broad leafed Hares eares This other Hares eares groweth in the same manner that the former doth with stalke branches flowers 〈◊〉 and roote and herein chiefly if not onely differeth from it that it beareth broader and shorter leaves 〈◊〉 at 〈◊〉 foote broadest in the middle and ending in a small point somewhat hollow and bowing downewards 〈◊〉 divers long Nerves or ribbes therein as in the former and the middle most eminent or raised highest 3. Pupleurum Angustifolium Alpinum Mountaine narrow leafed Hares eares This mountaine Haires eares from a round thicke roote about a foote long set with knobs or bunches 〈◊〉 of branches and with a thicke barke of a darke red on the outside and pale within divided at the 〈◊〉 into many parts arise divers long and narrow greene leaves lying on the ground compassing one another at the bottome like a starre for the forme of them like unto the first Hares eares but narrower from divers of these tufts of leaves arise darke round stalkes about an handbreadth high bearing at the toppes many pale yellow flowers made of seaven pointed leaves a peece and in the middle of them divers small seed set thicke 〈◊〉 somewhat like unto the Thorow wax set forth in the next Chapter or as the former Haires eares which 〈◊〉 very strong the whole plant else tasteth like an Artichoke 4. Buplourum minimum The least Hares eares The least Hares
remembred onely by Cornutus in his history of Canada plants and there called Lamium Astragalâ—ides The third is the first Lamium of Dodonaeus called by Lobel Archangelica flore albo from whence came out English word Archangell as I take it The fourth is as I sayd the Galeopsis of Matthiolus Lugdunensis and others that follow him Tabermontanus called both these sorts Lamium purpureum album Caesalpinus calleth them Lâ—cas and are his second and third Bauhinus calleth them Lamium purpureum vel album non faetaeus folio oblongo The fifth Thalius calleth Vrtica fatua 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and is Tabermontanus first Galeopsis which Columâ— calleth Vrtica mortua maculis albis respersa and of Bauhinus Lamium maculatum The sixt is the Lamium Plinij of Anguillara Camprarius and Matthiolus and by him called Vrtica lactea who would faine have made it the Galâ—opsis of Dioscorides but that he found Pliny to make mention of the white in the leaves of Lamium to be especially used for inflammations S. Anthonies fire and the like which made him desist from that opinion and conclude it Plinies Lamium Columna calleth it Lamium Plinij montanum and Bauhinus Lamium alba linea 〈◊〉 and this he saith the Jtalians call Milzadella or Milzatella which is so highly commended by them against the spleene but Lobel taketh the ordinary white or the yellow Archangell to bee it and so doth Liâ—s also and both erroniously The seaventh is called Lamium luteum by Lobel Dodonaeus and others Galeopsis flore luteo by Camerarius and Dalechampius Caesalpinus calleth it Leucoium montanum the last is called Casside by Columna and Scutellaria by Cortusus and those of Italy as well at Padoa as at Naples Bauhinus calleth it Lamium pere grinum sive Scutellaria and saith that it is the Scordotis secunda Plinij of Pona in his Italian description of Mount Baldus which I hardly beleeve because the flowers are not equall according to their figures as also that Betonica sylvestris of Paulus Aegineta that is like Pennyroyall and without sent whereof I speake in the Chapter of Betony hereafter by Quadramius judgement is this kind of Lamium the Italians call it Ortica morte the Spaniards Hertiga muerta the French Ortie morte the Germanes Todt Nessell Taâ—b Nessell and Binsang the Dutch Doove Nettlen and wee in English Dead Nettle Blind Nettle and Archangell The Vertues The Archangells are somewhat hotter and drier then the stinging Nettles and are more appropriate and with better successe used for the obstructions and hardnesse of the spleene then they to be used inwardly by drinking the decoction of the herbe in wine and afterwards applying the herbe hot or the decoction unto the region of the spleene as a cataplasme or fomentation with spunges The flowers of the white Archangells are preserved or conserved daily to be used or the distlled water of them is used to stay the whites and those of the red to stay the reds in women and is thought good to make the heart merry to drive away melancholly and to quicken the spirits It is commended also against quartaine agues It stancheth bleedings also at the mouth or nose if the herbe be stamped and applyed to the nape of the necke the herbe also bruised and with some salt and vinegar or with Auxungia that is Hogs Lard laid upon any hard tumour or swelling and that in the neck or throate which is called the Kings Evill doth helpe to dissolve or discusse them in the like manner applyed to the Goute Sciatica or other joynt aches or of the sinewes doth very much allay the paines and give ease It is also very effectuall for all inflammations as a repercussive and to heale all greene wounds by drying and closing up the lippes of the wounds and for old Vlcers also to stay their malignitie of fretting and corroding or spreading thereby causing them to heale the more speedily it draweth forth splinters or other such like things gotten into the flesh Pliny highly commendeth it for many other things as for bruises and burnings but the Archangell with yellow flowers is most commended for old filthy and corrupt sores or corrupt Vlcers yea although they grow to be fistulous or hollow and to dissolve tumors CHAP. LXVI Galeopsis Stinking Dead Nettle I Have have to bring to your consideration not onely the Genuine Galeopsis of Dioscorides both in Clusâ— and my judgement but some other plants also which may not unfitly for their likenesse thereunto be referred unto it as I thinke 1. Galeopsis genuina Dioscoridis The true stinking Dead Nettle of Dioscorides This kind of Dead Nettle hath divers square soft and hairy stalkes rising up to be three or foure foote high at the joynts whereof grow two leaves a peece upon long footestalkes very like unto Nettle leaves but thâ—â— they are soâ—â— and somewhat hoary or hairy but not stinging at all of a very strong sent somewhat unpleasant especially growing in shadowy places and nothing so strong in the open fields at the toppes of the stalkes grow the flowers set in rundles foure or five at a space and many of them one above another in manner of a spâ—ke every 〈◊〉 standing in a greenish huske like unto those of the former â—d Nettles but not so grea◠〈◊〉 are of a sad red or purplish colour especially the heads or upper parts but the lower labells or lippes have some white spots in them within those huskes after the flowers are fallen grow small found yet somewhat rough seede â—re for the most part standing together the roote is composed of many 〈◊〉 shooting fresh hâ— every year and increasing thereby very much 2. Galeopsis altera incana Hoary stinking Dead Nettle This other Dead Nettle hath shorter square stalkes soft 1. Galeopsis legitima Dioscoridis Stinking Dead Nettle 4. Galeopsis altera laâ—co pallida Pale coloured Galeopsis or stinking Dead Nettle 5. Galeopsis maxima Pannonica The Dragon flower and hoary very slender and weake creeping as it were by the ground with two leaves set at the joynts likewise soft and hairy and more hoary underneath not so large as the former the toppes of the stalkes end in a long spike or purplish flowers set in roundles as in the other the seede and roote is also answerable unto the other 3. Galeopsis luâ—ea Dalechampij Yellow stinking Dead Nettle The yellow Dead Nettle hath square low stalkes not above a cubit high with long leaves set thereon by couples very like unto Nettle leaves smaller below next the ground then up higher upon the stalkes being hairy but not stinking and smelling somewhat strong like the first the flowers grow in long spiked heads in the same manner but are all yellow when they are fully blowne consisting of two leaves the uppermost whereof is not so much hooded as the former but is as it were a cover to the lower and turneth it selfe up againe having some yellow threds in the middle
my former Booke referring those that would be informed of them to the Booke it selfe whose names are these Acanthus sativus and sylvestris Eryngium Pannonicum sive montanum flore caeruleo flore albo Carduus mollis Carlina humilis Carduus Sphaerocephalus sive globobsus major minor Carduus Eriocephalus sive Tomentosus id est Caput monachi sive Corona fratrum Cinara diversarum specierum alimentosa Corduus benedictus 1. Carduus pratensis latifolius Broad leafed field Thistle The broad leafed field or medow Thistle sendeth forth sundry large and long leaves cut in on the edges and every part finely dented and set with small prickes that are very tender of a whitish greene colour those that grow up higher upon the stalkes are smaller two of them set together at a joynt where they so compasse it that they will containe water in them even as the Teasell doth at the toppes upon long stalkes grow single greene prickly heads out of which start pale coloured thrummes compassing a few purple threads in the middle and after they are faded and gone small whitish seede somewhat bigger than those of Cyanus Corne flower or Blew-bottle wrapped in downe as all the sorts of Thistles are the roote is somewhat long and great abiding divers yeares 2. Carduus pratensis Acanthi folijs laciniatis The yellow jagged medow Thistle This medow Thistle hath very large leaves almost a foote long and somewhat broad cut in on both sides into foure or five deepe gashes even to the middle ribbe set with prickes at the dents of the edges from whence riseth up a straked stalke about two foote high set with a few lesser leaves at the tops whereof stand divers small greene prickly heads and out of the middle yellow threds or thrummes which afterwards give seede inclosed in downe the roote is great long crooked and speading in the ground 3. Carduus bulbosus Monspeliensium The French bulbed Thistle The whitish leaves of this Thistle are of an hand breadth long somewhat fat and thicke cut in on the edges but not very deepe armed at every dent with small sharpe prickes the stalke is two cubits high hairy and slender with few or no leaves thereon at the toppe whereof stand harmelesse prickly heads upon long foote stalkes and out of them pale purplish thrummes wherein afterwards lie the seede inclosed in much downe the roote is composed of divers tuberous small long clogs like unto those of the Asphodill fastened together at the head 4. Carduus Pratensis Asphodeli radicibus Medow Thistle with Asphodill rootes This Thistle hath divers blackish cloggie rootes like unto the Asphodill or Piony which whiter and perish every yeare but give encrease from it before which sendeth forth divers thicke and long pale greene leaves cut into many parts armed with sharpe prickles on all sides every pricke ending in three points from whence riseth up a tall stalke somewhat branched with one or two prickly heads at the toppes of every one branch out of which come purplish flowers and afterwards small long seede wrapped in downe 5. Carduus pratensis polycephalos The many headed medow Thistle This Thistle hath but few leaves lying next the ground being both short and narrow armed with sharpe and long prickes the stalke is round straked and without prickes spread into sundry small branches bearing many small heads with purplish flowers made of thrummes or threads thrusting out of the middle of them but set with large and sharpe prickes the seede is inclosed in downe as the rest are the roote is long hard and wooddy 6 Carduus palustris The moist Medowes Thistle The roote of this Thistle is single the stalke three cubits high straight and full of prickes thicke set with darke greene leaves unevenly waved and sometimes more deepely cut in on the edges having a few prickes at them and branched toward the toppe with many small heads upon slender stalkes and reddish purple flowers like others and then turne into downe 7. Carduus Ceanothos sive viarum vinearum repens The Creeping way or Vineyard Thistle The rootes of this Thistle are very small and whitish running both deepe and farre about under ground like unto quiche grasse but have no knotted joynts therein like it but shooteth up heades of leaves from the branches of the roote so that it will be as ill or worse than Quiche to weede out if it be once got into a ground the leaves are of a pale greene colour somewhat like unto the rough or prickly Sowthistle a little cut in and as it were crumpled on the edges armed with very swall and sharpe hard prickles the stalke groweth to be a yard high straked and prickly with some such like leaves thereon as the lower be but smaller to the toppes where it is stored with cruell sharpe prickly heads and purple flowers made of thrummes in the middle passing into downe 8. Carduus Avenarius sive Muscatus The Oaten land or Muske Thistle This Thistle that riseth sometimes to the height of a man among the corne is found growing lower in other places having divers very sharpe prickly jagged leaves set round about the stalkes and at the toppes where they are branched many small short heads set close together out of which come the flowers consisting of threads or thrummes as in other Thistles some whereof will be white some of a deeper and others of a paler purple colour tending to a blush in many places smelling sweete like Muske which being faded the seede followeth wraped in much doune like the rest 9. Carduus Creticus minimus The small Thistle of Candy This small Thistle hath rising from a small long roote divers long leaves somewhat like unto the Attrastylis or Distaffe Thistle but smaller and armed with sharpe prickles the weake leaning stalkes are divided usually into two other betweene which groweth on a foote stalke a small Thistle-like head armed with a dozen very small long prickes standing up round about it being so finely netted that it maketh admirable the Workemaster the middlemost head ever growing lower than the rest round about it when these heads open the blew flower appeareth never spreading much after which come small white seede inclosed in a little downe which will flie away with the winde the heads are sweete and edible before they flower The â—lace All these sorts of Thistles grow in fields and medowes in Vineyards and grounds sowne with corne as well in our owne Land as beyond the sea some of them also on Heathes Greenes and wast grounds in many places as the Ceanothos on Kentish Towne greene abundantly 1. Carduus pratensis latifolius Broad leafed field Thistle 3. Carduus bulbosus Monspeliensium The French bulbed Thistle 4. Carduus pratensis Asphoâ—eli radicibus Medow Thistle with Asphodell rootes 7. Carduus Ceanothos sive viarum vinearum repens The creeping way or Vineyard Thistle 8. Carduus Avenarius sive Muscarus The Oateland or Muske Thistle 9. Carduus Creticus
may be is a kinde of the seventh which Bauhinus termeth Trifolium spumoso capitulo laeve the eighth and ninth Bauhinus calleth Trifolium Capitulo spumoso aspero majus minus but I have entituled the Vesicarium asperum majus minus the tenth and eleventh are so called by Bauhinus as they are in their titles the last two sorts of Rushie spiked Trefoiles are mentioned by Alpinus in his Booke of strange plants by the names here exhibited The Vertues I doe not finde any other propertie in Physicke that these are applied unto than hath beene before spoken for being all of late invention have had no further triall made of them CHAP. XXXII Trifola pratensia Medow Trefoiles OF the Trefoiles that usually grow in medowes besides those that grow in our owne Land there be others that grow not with us which are fit to be set together 1. Trifolium pratense vulgare purpureum Common purple medow Trefoile called field Hony-suckles The medow Trefoile hath many leaves rising from the roote three set together and each almost round among which rise up short stalkes of flowers not much higher than the leaves bearing many deepe purplish crimson flowers together in a tuft rising smaller up to the toppe which turne into little cods with small seede in them the roote spreadeth much and endureth long Sometimes this is found with halfe round spots of white in the leaves 1. Trifolium poetense vulgare prapureum Common purple medow Trefoile called field Hony-suckles 2. Trifolium pratense album White flowred medow Trefoile 3. Trifolium pratense Salamanticum Clusij Medow Trefoile of Salamanca 5. Trifolium luteum minimum The smallest Trefoile 6. Quadrifolium phaeum fuscum Foure leafed or purple Grasse And there is another sort whose leaves are all longer than the former and pointed Altera diversa the flowers are of a paler purple Of this sort likewise some are spotted with blacke spots It is likewise sometimes found having a tuft of greene leaves on the stalkes which as I take is but accidentall and rather Lusus naturae than any speciall sort 2. Trifolium pratense album White flowred medow Trefoile This usually groweth lesse than the former and the flowers are white and lesse as the head is also and herein chiefely differeth yet I have seene it sometimes with longer leaves than in others but this is not Clusius his Trifoliem primum flore albo as Bauhinus thinketh making it the same with that of Matthiolus Dodonaeus Lobel Album Clusii c. for that of Clusius riseth high with few leaves and so doth not this 3. Trifolium pratense Salmanticum Medow Trefoile of Salamanca This Trefoile differeth little from the second sort of the former kinde but that the leaves are smaller according as the climate giveth them dented about the edges and with a blackish spot on them the branches traile on the ground and from the joynts rise the small stalkes that beare many crimson red flowers smaller then ours and rounder set together the small red seede is conteined in thin huskes 4. Trifolium pratense minus purpureum Small purple medow Trefoile This small Trefoile hath small hard stalkes a foote high full of branches bearing on some three leaves on other branches and joynts foure small leaves like a Lotus the flowers grow many together at the toppes of the sprigs being very small and in a loose umbell of a purplish red colour the roote is slender white and threddy 5. Trifolium luteu◠minimum The smallest yellow Trefoile This small Trefoile hath a few slender weake stalkes little bigger then small Rushes lying on the ground whereon grow small Trefoile leaves sometimes more then three on a short footstalke a little dented about the edges the flowers are small and yellowish set close and round together after which follow small blackish flat and crooked seede almost like a Medica in the huskes the roote is small and threaddy 6. Quadrifolium fuscum Fower leafed or purple grasse The purple grasse spreadeth on the ground the leaves are in some three in others foure or five on a stalke of a sad greene colour with a shadow of darke purple cast over them the flowers are white I never saw this but in Gardens where women keepe it with confidence to be good for the Purples in children or others The Place and Time The two first sorts grow every where in our owne Land the third in Spaine Portugall c. the fourth in many of the medowes in France the fift in divers of our medowes here the last onely in Gardens as I sayd for the wilde that is thought by some to be the same is not it and flower and seede in the Sommer The Names It is properly called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greeke and Trifolium in Latine because three leaves are alwayes joyned together and it is probable that although Dioscorides doth not peculiarly make a Chapter thereof as he doth of Lotus yet he knew it and made mention thereof both in describing the Lotus sylvestris which as hee saith some called Lybica as also the Medica whose leaves were like unto the Lotus trifolia pratensis which sheweth plainely he knew it by comparing other herbes unto it There needeth no great explanation of these Trefoiles for all authors call them by this peculiar name of pratense as being most common therein the third is remembred by Clusius the fourth by Lugdunensis the fift Dodonaeus calleth Trifolium agrarium and Lobel Trifolium lutenus minimum and the last by Lobel in his Adversaria It is called in Italian Trifoglio in Spanish Trebol de prados in French Treffle de pres in high Dutch Wysenklee in low Dutch Claveren and in English Claver or Clover grasse and Medow Trefoile or Three leafed grasse and of many also Hony suckles because Bees feede much on the flowers The Vertues Medow Trefoile both leaves and flowers are thought to be cooling and binding but others thinke them to bee of a digesting and suppurating qualitie but Dodonaeus who holdeth with the first opinion saith that they are held to be good to ease the griping paines of the guts and to avoyd those slimie humours that sticke unto them if the herbe be boyled and used in a Glister which I thinke it cannot doe by any cooling or binding properties if the herbe be made into a pultis and applyed to inflammations it will ease them the juice of it dropped into the eyes is a familiar medicine with many countrey people to cleare them of any filme that beginneth to grow over them and to take away the pin and web as they call it growne in them it also allayeth the heate and blood-shooting of them Countrey people also in many places doe drinke the juice hereof against the biting of an Adder and having boiled the herbe in water they first wash the place with the decoction and then lay some of the herbe also to the hurt place the herbe also boyled in Swines grease and so made
is made of it many fields are sowen therewith and that usually not untill Aprill and is ripe in August and will not refuse to grow in an hungry ground but is held generally to bee as good as a dunging to the ground whereon it is sowen the straw thereof also being turned in thereto The Names It is generally taken to be the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Erysimum of Theophrastus which Gaza translateth Trionum as also to bee the Irio of Pliny some to put a difference betweene this Erysimum and the other call this Erysimum cereale it is called by Matthiolus and Lugdunensis Frumentum Sarasenicum Dodonaeus Fegopyrum and Tragopyrum Tragotriticum and Fagotriticum as the Dutch names doe import Bockweyde and Bueckenweydt Tragus calleth it Ocymum veterum and Clusius and Tabermontanus Ocymum cereale but Dodonaeus and Lugdunensis doe mainely contradict that opinion labouring to prove that the Ocymum of Varro Columella and the other Latines is no particular herbe but rather the name of greene fodder cut before it grew ripe to seede catell and to purge them or else severall sorts of Pulse and Oates mingled together and sowen to feede them but Tragus proveth it substantially from Varro that Ocymum was sowen to fatten and purge cattle and that to be taken while it was in flower whereby it is evident that it could not be a medley of corne and pulse sowen together for the purpose which never are in flower altogether at a time but some particular herbe and this herbe sooner then any other which the soone springing of it from the seede which is within three or foure dayes after the sowing doth argue the name Ocymum to be proper thereunto from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Greeke word signifying cito quickly from whence Ocymum is derived and the quality answerable also The Vertues Buckwheate is a graine that as Dodonaeus saith nourisheth lesse then either Wheate Rye or Barly but more then Millet or Panicke and the bread or cakes made of the meale of the seede doth easily digest yet some say contrary and quickely passe out of the stomacke and giveth small nourishment though not bad and is withall a little flatulent or windy yet Country people in divers places of Germany and Italy doe feede hereon almost as their onely bread graine and are strong and able persons following strong labour for the bread or cakes are pleasant and doe somewhat presse or lye heavy on the stomacke as Millet and some other the like will And both is and was used generally to fatten cattle and poultry of all sorts exceedingly and quickly yea it is an observation among a great many in our owne land that what cattle or pullaine soever is fatted there with if it be not killed within a short time after they are thus fatted they will dye of themselves being suffocated with their owne fat it provoketh vrine encreaseth milke looseneth the belly and being taken in wine is good for melancholly persons the juyce dropped into the eyes cleareth the sight GRAMINA IVNCI ET ARVNDINES GRASSES RVSHES AND REEDES CLASSIS DECIMATERTIA THE THIRTEENTH TRIBE CHAP. I. Gramina Triticea Corne-grasses THE next Tribe to be entreated of is of the severall sorts of Grasses which are almost infinite but because some are growing on the Vpland grounds others in the low and moorish some in the waters and others by the sea side I must divide them and for a more methodicall and orderly proceeding in them I thinke it fittest to ranke them under severall heads that so they may be better expressed and apprehended I will first therefore set downe those grasses that are neerest in likenesse unto the Cornes in their spiked heads and after of those that are like the other sorts of graine and then of the rest in their order but because these Grasses are of small use although of much varietie and curiositie I shall endeavour to be the briefer in them and first of those Grasses that resemble Wheate and Rye 1. Gramen latifolium spica triticea compacta Close eared white Wheate Grasse The stalke hereof is about halfe a yard high set with two or three joynts and faire Wheate like leaves at them a foote long bearing at the toppes a longer spike than Wheate and broader made of severall parts like the huskes of corne but more separated in sunder shewing it to be a Grasse and no Corne indeede yet closer than the next and without any shew of beardes or aunes thereon 2. Gramen latifolium spica triticea divulsa Thinne eared red Wheate Grasse This differeth little from the former but in the spike which hath the small parts thereof more separated and set on both sides the stalke and armed every one with a small short beard or awne 3. Gramen angustifolium spica triticea compacta Closed eared red Wheat-grasse The stalke hereof is smooth and round two foote high set with long narrower white leaves rough and pointed the spike is about a spanne long somewhat like unto red Wheate closely set but each of the huskes hath a sharpe rough awne thereat 4. Gramen angustifolium spica tritici mutiâ—ae simili Rush-leaved white Wheate-Grasse The leaves hereof are long and round like Rushes and pointed at the ends set on the round stalkes a foote and a halfe high whose spiked toppe is long and slender without any awnes at the toppes of the huske and somewhat like unto white Wheate that is without beardes the roote is white knottie and creeping 5. Gramen spica Brizae majus The greater Spelt-wheate grasse This hath rootes and stalkes like unto corne of a mans height with narrow leaves the toppes of the stalkes have sundry long spikes about a hand breadth long set on both sides of them one above another each whereof is very like a small â—are of Wheate armed with small awnes but very short 6. Gramen spica Brizae minus The lesser Spelt Wheate-Grasse This other groweth not above an hand bredth-high with small short soft and hoary leaves the toppe hath sometimes but one otherwhiles two or three spikes of an inch long and bearded 1. 3. Gramen latifolium angustifolium spica triticea compacta Close eared white and red Wheate 4. 5. Gramen angustifolium spica tritici mutica simili spica Bryza majoris Rush leafed white Wheate Grasse and the greater Spelt wheate Grasse 7. Gramen Secalinum maximum Rye-Grasse two great sorts The stalke hereof riseth sometimes to be two or three foote 7. Gramen Secalinum maximum majus minus Rye-Grasse of three sorts high having but few and short leaves thereon the spike is of two three or foure inches long bearded and very like unto an eare of Rye but with running rootes and joynted Minus Of this kinde there is a lesser sort also not differing from them before but in the smallnesse and that the roote is theaddy The Place and Time Most of these grasses have beene found in our owne land in pastures and corne
a medicine for the foule Vlcers in the nose by boyling the whole herbe with the roote of the first wilde Oates in water untill a third part be consumed which being strained is to be boyled againe with as much hony unto the thicknesse of a Sâ—rupe some as he saith put some Aloes in powder to it and wetting tents therein to be put up into the nostrils the same herbe also he saith being boyled in Wine with some dryed Roses helpeth a stinking breath the rest are not knowne to be used to any Phisicall use CHAP. V. Gramina Avenacea arvorum The field Oaten Grasses THere are some other sorts of Grasses resembling wilde Oates and called Oate Grasses whereof some grow in the Fieldes others on the mountaines of those that are found in Corne grounds and other fields we will speake of in this Chapter and of the other in the next 1. Gramen Bromoides maximum hirtum Great hairy Oate Grasse This great Oate Grasse is all hairy the stalkes and leaves are greater then of Oates foure or five cubits high whose panicle at the toppe spreadeth into many chaffy bearded eares hanging downe their heads the roote is bushy this groweth in the pastures about London as also in Essex 2. Gramen Bromoides segetum latiore panicula Great Corne Oate Grasse This Corne-Grasse hath Oate-like stalkes three or foure cubits high the leaves are shorter and narrower the toppe is spread much divers stalkes with chaffye bearded eares in branches comming forth at a joynt broadest below and spiring small upwards 3. Gramen Auenaceum incanum Great hoary Oate Grasse This hath short narrow leaves somewhat hairy and a little hoary withall the stalke hath few joynts the panicle is spreade like the last but lesser and is somewhat hoary This is sometimes found lesser Minus and are both found in the borders of Cornefields both in Kent and Essex 4. Gramen Avenaceum pratense Medow Oaten Grasse The leaves hereof are many growing next the roote long and narrow the stalke is lesser and lower with such a pannicle at the toppe but lesser spread and not hoary this is in many Medowes 5. Gramen Avenaceum squamosa gluma Scaly eared Oaten Grasse This hath narrow leaves a little hairy a spanne long the slender stalke hath such alike panickle as the last but that the scaly eares stand single every one upon his owne small thredlike footestalke 6. Gramen Avenaceum pinnata longinscula spica Winged Oaten Grasse The stalke hereof is slender sometimes higher and sometime lower the leaves are narrower than the last the pannicle is somewhat long but small and not much spreade each part being as it were winged or devided into sundry peeces upon one ribbe or footestalke 7. Gramen Avenaceum filicea panicula Xerampelina Red Fernelike Grasse This beareth red shining stalkes a foote high the leaves are soft and narrow the pannicle at the toppe is three or foure inches long of a whitish greene colour divided into many winged branches many parts being set on both sides of the branch and each part divided like a Fearne leafe 8. Gramen Avenaceum murorum erectum Vpright Wall Oaten Grasse This Grasse groweth upright a spanne and sometimes a foote high the leaves are almost as small as any Grasse the spiked head is an handbreadth long sparsed or divided each small eare being bearded the roote is thready this is often found upon old mud Walles that close in Fieldes 1 2. Gramen Bromoides spicatum hirsutum alterum latiore panicula The great hairy and great Corne Oate-Grasse 4 5 6.7 Gramen avenaceum pratense Avenaceum squamosa gluma Pinâ—a longinscula spica Filicea panicula c. Medow scaly eared and winged Oaten-Grasse and the red Ferne-like Grasse 12. 11. Gramen Avenaceum altero alteri innatum exile mollicellis folijs Small Oaten Grasse one head set on another and small soft Oaten-Grasse 9. Gramen Avenaceum supiaum arvense Low Medow Oaten Grasse The leaves hereof are as small as the last an inch or an inch and a halfe long the stalkes are slender and weake leaning downewards with a few bearded huskes spike fashion at the toppe 10. Gramen Avenaceum supinum flosculos Secalinis Long winged Oate Grasse flowring like Rye This Grasse spreadeth many stalkes not being able to rise up of a cubit long full of joynts and small short leaves on them of a whitish greene colour the toppes are furnished with foure or five Oate like heads but more winged and with short aunes somewhat hard and flowring like Rye 11. Gramen Avenaceum exile mollicellis folijs Small soft leafed Oaten Grasse This small Grasse is very like the Gramen exile durius that it may easily be mistaken and differing from it onely in the leaves that are longer and soft as the whole plant else is not halfe a foote high and in the spiked toppe whose parts are winged 12. Gramen Avenaceum altero alteri innatum Small Oaten Grasse one head set on another This fine small Grasse resembleth well the Gramen Britanicum maritimum having divers haire like leaves and hard with such like span long stalkes some whereof beare their small sharpe huskes at their toppes onely as others doe and others out of a tuft of leaves in the middle of the stalke sendeth forth â—n other short stalke with such like sharpe huskes on them as the other The Place and Time All these sorts grow in the fieldes of this Land some in one place and some in another as they have beene observed either of plowed or fallow grounds and flower in the Summer season The Names Grasse is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quod in agris proveniat and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 id est herba by Theophrastus which is common to all herbes in Latine Gramen a gradiendo The severall names of all these Grasses are expressed in their Titles as much as is convenient for them being all of late observation not specified that I know by any before The Vertues There is no especiall property knowne to be in any of them but are as yet onely knowne by their face and name CHAP. VI. Gramina Avenacea nemorum montana Wood and mountaine Oaten Grasses THE rest of these Grasses that doe resemble Oates shall be expressed here whether they be found in Woods or on hills and mountaines c. 1. Gramen montanum Avenaceum Clusij Mountaine Oate Grasse with hoary huskes This hath slender joynted stalkes a cubit high with very narrow and long leaves and at the toppe a long spiked head bowing the head close with woolly short huskes containing seede like unto those of naked Oates the roote is made of divers long fibres 2. Gramen montanum avenaceum alterum Mountaine Oate Grasse without hoary huskes This other differeth not in any thing from the former but in the spiked head whose huskes are not hoary as the other are 3. Gramen Avenaceum rariore gluma spicatum Oate Grasse of Denmarke This grasse hath slender
weake cleare stalkes a foote high with long leaves on them and at their toppe a weake bending spiked head thinnely or sparsedly set with small huskes containing Oatelike seede the roote is stringie Alterum and hairy running under ground The like hereunto but with rush-like leaves and woolly heads Bauhinus calleth Gramen avenaceum lanuginosum glumis rarioribus 4. Gramen avenaceum Xerampelium Danicum Red Oate Grasse of Denmarke This is somewhat like the last but with much lower stalkes cleare and reddish the huskes at the tops of them are more upright and longer having the like Oateseede in them A lesser sort hereof was found about Greenewich Alterum in a hungry soile 1 3. Gramen montanum Avenaceum Avenaceum rariore gluma spicatum Mountaine Oate Grasse and Oate Grasse of Denmarke 4 5. Gramen Avenaceum Xerampelium Danicum Avenaceum locustis rubris Red Oate Grasse of Denmarke and Oate Grasse with red huskes 6.7 Gramen glumis varijs Bromoides sive Avenaceum nutante coma spicata Party coloured Oate Grasse And with few seedes 10.8 Gramen Avenaceum villosa gluma Avenaceum sylvarum Hairy wood Oaten Grasse and the other Wood Oaten Grasse 5. Gramen avenaceum locustis rubris Oate Grasse with red huskes The roote hereof is long and white like unto Quiche Grasse creeping in the ground having next the ground narrow short leaves where the stalke is reddish but longer up higher the huskes that are set sparsedly at the tops all on one side for the most part are of a darke reddish purple colour and white within with small seedes in them 6. Gramen glumis varijs Particoloured Oate Grasse The leaves hereof are greene long and narrow from among which rise two or three smooth and brittle naked stalkes a foote high bearing a short spike of small huskes of divers colours the roote is thicke covered with a rough white barke 7. Gramen Bromoides sive Avenaceum pancigranum nutante coma spicata Oate Grasse with few seedes This is somewhat hairy all over the leaves are of a sad greene colour set on stalkes two or three cubits high and at the toppes a spiked bending head having seven or eight small long huskes with few seedes in them this groweth neere woods sides in many places 8. Gramen Avenaceum sylvarum Wood Oaten Grasse The weake stalkes hereof are halfe a yard high with soft long narrow leaves on them and at the tops of them a few short huskes and open like unto some of the Oate Grasses before the roote runneth creeping in the ground 9. Gramen Avenaceum exile Small Wood Oaten Grasse This is slenderer and smaller in all the parts thereof but standing a little more upright the roote hereof is fibrous and therein differeth most from the other 10. Gramen Avenaceum villosa gluma Hairy Wood Oaten Grasse The stalkes hereof are two cubits high with small narrow leaves foure or five inches long the spiked head hath somewhat long and hairy huskes distinctly set one above another this is often found lesse by the halfe the rootes are threddy and yellowish The Place and Time These doe all grow in Woods and by Wood sides on hils and the like places where they flowrish all the Summer time The Names The first is remembred by Clusius the fifth and sixth by Bauhinus the rest have not beene specified by any other before The Vertues None of these are used in Phisicke to any purpose that I know CHAP. VII Gramen Miliaceum Millet Grasse THere are divers Grasses whose Featherlike toppes doe in some sort resemble the bushy toppe of Millet whereof I meane to entreate in this Chapter and unto them adde one or two other which are called Sorghinum because they are more like unto Turkie or Indian Millet then the former 1. Gramen Miliaceum vulgare Common Millet Grasse The common Millet Grasse riseth up with a joynted slender stalke with two or three somewhat large leaves thereon and at the toppe a bushy spreading tufte of many long Featherlike sprigges consisting of many small chaffie huskes within which lye small seede which the small birds greedily devoure the roote is bushy and fibrous 2. Gramen Miliaceum alterum Another Millet Grasse This other Millet Grasse hath a small weake stalke a cubit high with a few narrow leaves foure or five inches long growing at the bottome and two or three thereon at the joynts the featherlike tuft at the toppe is spread like the former but the chaffie huskes are much smaller and finer the roote is fibrous and reddish 3. Gramen Arundinaceum pannicula miliacea A third sort of Millet Grasse This third sort hath sundry reede like leaves growing from a white fibrous roote yet shorter then the last among which riseth up a stalke or two about a cubit high with two joynts thereon towards the toppes and narrower and longer leaves standing at them at the toppes whereof standeth such a featherlike toppe as the first of about three inches long 4. Gramen Sorghinum Indian Millet Grasse or Pipe Grasse The Indian Millet Grasse which the Flemmings call Pipe Grasse and Lobel thereupon Gramen Sonorum Flanborum because the boyes there make them pipes of the hollow reedelike stalkes growing halfe a yard high or better with faire long Lilly-like leaves thereon and a spread spiked toppe of many parts above somewhat like unto the Indian Millet and larger seedes therein then in Millet the roote is fibrous 5. Gramen Sorghinum alterum Another Indian Millet Grasse This other sort hath hollow stalkes like the last but they are weake bending downe to the ground and shooting out fibres therein whereby it rooteth a fresh having narrow long leaves on them the stalke seeming as it were to runne through them like to a pipe and at the toppe such a like spread spiked head as the former whose huske in the severall parts are smaller The Place and Time They doe all grow in Fieldes and by the hedge sides as well in our Land as in any others although observed 1. Gramen Miliaccum vulgare Common Millet Grasse 4. Gramen Sorghinum Indian or Turkie Millet Grasse but by few that are curious in these minutes and flowrisheth at the same time with the rest The Names The first is called Gramen Miliaceum by Lobel and others and is the fourth kinde of Grasse by Dodonaeus the two next are mentioned by Bauhinus onely in his Pinax and Prodromus The fourth is called Gramen Sorghi effigie by Lobel and Gramen sonorum Flandrorum as is before said and is the fifth Grasse by Dodonaeus and Gramen Sorghinum by Tabermontanus and Gerard who calleth it in English Darnell Grasse but I follow the Latine or Dutch name The last is of Bauhinus his relation likewise The Vertues All these Grasses are neglected as not usefull in Physicke and therefore left to the small Birdes to feede upon as they doe upon many other sorts CHAP. VIII Gramen Paniceum Panicke Grasse THere be sundry sorts of Grasses that
resemble the head of Panicke some newly and others longer knowne some large some small all which cannot be comprehended in one Chapter I must therefore shew you some here and the rest after them 1. Panicum sylvestre herbariorum Wild Panicke of France This Wild Panicke hath some neere resemblance unto Millet in the spreading of the tufted head being composed of sundry parts each neere resembling a Panicke head and yet called Milium sylvestre by some the joynted stalke with leaves thereon are very like unto Panicke yet much lesse in all and therefore is by many likewise referred to Panicke the roote is fibrous also like unto Panicke 2. Panicum sylvestre simplici spica Panicke corne Grasse with single eares This single Panicke Grasse hath weaker and smaller stalkes then the former and scarse rising upright with shorter leaves on them the toppes of the stalkes are severally furnished with a spiked rough head sticking to any garment it toucheth and small at the toppe full of small whitish seede 3. Panicum sylvestre Dalechampij Wilde Panicke Grasse of Dalechampius This Panicke Grasse differeth from the last in that it groweth more upright two foote high the stalkes have sundry Grasse like leaves on them but longer and broader with one usually under the hairy spiked head which sticke so fast Alcaduo to their garments that it toucheth that it is hardly plucked off There are two other sorts hereof 1. Panicum sylvestre herbariorum Wilde Panicke of France 4.2.3 Panicum sylvestre aristis longis spica simplici Sylvestre Dalechampij ejus varietas Bearded single eared and wild Panicke Grasse the one found in our owne Land which is smaller the other at Santa Cruz in Africa which is larger and with a longer spiked head else little differing 4. Gramen Paniceum aristis longis armatum Bearded Panicke Grasse The bearded Panicke Grasse hath stalkes and leaves not much unlike to the second sort of Panicke Grasse but larger and taller having divers browne heades at the tops one above another armed with long and sharpe beardes or armes like unto corne the roote consisteth of many long fibres 5. Gramen Paniceum minus The lesser Panicke Grasse This is lesser then any of the other before having low bending stalkes a spanne long and sharpe long leaves thereon with small long brownish chaffie spiked eares like unto those of Cockes foote Grasse set sparsedly at the toppes 6. Gramen Paniceum sylvestre Anglicum Africum Wild Panick Grasse of England and of Barbary We have in divers woods with us a wilde sort of Grasse whose spike doth well resemble the Panickes before and we have had one like it brought out from Barbary differing onely in the largenesse thereof both in leafe and head from our English The place and Time These Grasses grow usually among rubbish and in waste grounds and sometimes also in good and manured fieldes bearing their toppes in Sommer as others doe The Names The first as I said is taken by Clusius to be Milium sylvestre by Matthiolus Camerarius and others called Panicum sylvestre and thereupon Lobel addeth herbariorum because it was so accounted by the most Caesalpinus calleth it Panicastrellae species Lugdunensis taketh the third to be the Herba alba Plinij and Tragus the second to be Milioria herba Plinij which Caesalpinus calleth Panicastrella and Lobel Panici effigie gramen simplici spica The fourth and fifth are Lobels second and third Panici effigie gramen And the last hath not beene mentioned by any before The Vertues If the second or third or any of their species be the herba alba of Pliny then he saith it is hurtfull and dangerous for cattell but especially for sheepe to feede thereon there is nothing else recorded of them by any CHAP. IX Gramen Paniculatum pratense The Medow tufted Grasse OF the kindes of Grasse that are called Paniculata that is with small heades like Panicke or round and long Catkines called Panickles there are divers sorts some growing in the fields and Meddowes others in the plowed and Corne grounds a third sort is distinguished by growing on hils and in woods and a fourth sort in the moist plashes of fields and in the waters In this Chapter I will first speake of 1.3 Gramen pratense paniculatum molle aureum coma nutante The soft Medow tufted Grasse and the golden tufted Grasse 2. Gramen Paniculatum Germaniâ—um odoratum Sweete Dutch Grasse with a tufted head those that grow in the Fieldes and Medowes and then of the rest in their order 1. Gramen pratense paniculatum molle The soft Medow tufted Grasse This soft Medow Grasse hath sundry long and somewhat broad soft or woolly Grasse-like leaves rising from a small tuft of short white fibres and from among the leaves rise up a stalke two or three about a cubit high with some few leaves upon it and at the toppe breaketh forth a soft woolly spiked head much divided whose bloomings are reddish 2. Gramen paniculatum Germanicum odoratum Sweete Dutch Grasse with a tufted head The roote of this Grasse doth creepe in the ground being white and full of joynts shooting out fibres at every 4. Gramen pratense vulgatius majus The greater ordinary Medow Grasse 4. Gramen pratense minus The lesser tufted Medow Grasse 4. Gramen pratense minimum album The least white Medow Grasse 4. Gramen pratense minimum rubrum The least red Medow Grasse joyne the stalkes are two cubits high with but few joynts on them whose leaves are almost as long and some of them exceede the height of the stalkes being narrow and small at the ends bearing on each a much more close and nothing so much spread a Panickle as the former and which for the sweetenesse of them are tyed in small 〈◊〉 and laide among garments or linnen to perfume them 5. Gramen panicula multiplici Medow hard Grasse with manifold tufts 3. Gramen paniculatum aureum nutante coma Golden tufted Grasse This golden headed Grasse hath many long narrow leaves like unto other small Grasses the stalkes are a cubit high with a long tufted toppe made of sundry Pannickles or spikes bowing downe the head and of a faire but pale yellowish colour the rootes are many and blacke spreading here and there under ground 4. Gramen pratense paniculatum majus The greater tufted Medow Grasse This common Medow Grasse hath many Grasse-like leaves and among them sundry stalkes halfe a yard high bearing a sparsed wit at the toppe of them somewhat resembling the feather like head of the Water-reede Hereof there is another lesser sort and two other sorts smaller then they Minus minimadâ—â— alia the one with white tufted tops and the other with reddish tufted heades 5. Gramen panicula multiplici Medow hard grasse with manifold tufts This riseth up with divers spannelong stalkes joynted and a little bending downewards the leaves are small like grasse and the tufted head or Panickle is very much divided and when it is ripe
groweth hard and of a sad reddish colour the rootes are a thicke bush of white threds The Place and Time These grow all of them in Fieldes and Medowes and are in their perfection in the Sommer time when others are The Names The first is called by Lobel Gramen paniculatum molle and by Lugdunensis Gramen lanosum Dalechampij the second is called by Bauhinus Gramen paniculatum odoratum and Germanicum is also added usually by divers other Herbarists and Gramen Mariae by the Inhabitants where it is natural The third is called by Lugdunensis Gramen aureum Dalechampij by Bauhiâ— Gramen panicula pendula aurea The fourth is called both by Lobel and others Gramen pratense majus vulgatius whereof as I said some are in degree lesser and lesser then others the least red sort being the Gramen minimum of Lugdunensis which Bauhinus maketh the last of the Gramina tremula calling it Gramen minimum paniculis elegantissimis The last Bauhinus calleth Gramen panicula multiplici and saith that they of Mompelier called it Gramen minus durinsculâ—â— and that there is a greater and a lesser The Vertues The Medow Grasse is of most use in Physicke next to the Quiche-grasse yet the seedes of these and not the rootes as the rootes of the other and not the seedes serve to open the obstructions of the bowels and to expell the stone if the decoction thereof be drunke being used outwardly they helpe to discusse windy swellings and had tumours that will hardly be repressed or dissolved the greene herbe it selfe is never used Physically that I can learne but the dryed herbe when it is made Hay is boyled in water a good while and then bound to the jâ—wes of Horses or Cattle that are chappefalne by too long abstinence from meate and doth presently helpe them CHAP. X. Gramen Paniculatum arvorum Corne Grasses with Panickles THe next sort of these Panickle Grasses to be entreated of are those that grow in the Corne fieldes or those that have beene plowed and doe lye Ley. 1. Gramen arvense panicula crispa Curled Panicke Grasse This Grasse hath descending from a threddy root reddish scaly heads and thence rise narrow Grasse leaves and low stalkes bearing a head of many tufts set one above and against another Bulbosum Dalechampij consisting of 〈◊〉 and curld reddish threds issuing from a smal buske I have thought good to adde the figure of that Grasse that Lugdâ—nensis calleth Bulbosum Dalechampij because Bauhinus saith it is this but not well expressed but surely I doubt it is another sort 2. Gramen segetum panicula speciosa The great Corne Grasse This goodly Grasse groweth up with a few long soft greene leaves like to those of Millet some below and others upon the tall stiffe round smooth greene stalke a yard and a halfe high bearing a brave tufted toppe spread 〈◊〉 into many slender sprigges very like to the tufted head of the Millet grasse but more beautifull the roote is a small tuft of fibres 1. Gramen bâ—lâ—osum Dalechampij Corne or bulbed Panickle Grasse 1. Gramen arvense panicula crispa Curld Panicke Grasse 2. Gramen segetum panicula speciosa The faire greene Corne Grasse 3. Gramen aâ—rorum venti spica The Corne Reede Grasse or Bent Grasse 3. Gramen aâ—rorum venti spica The Corne Reede-grasse or Bent grasse This Feather-like Grasse shooteth forth joynted tall stalkes and faire leaves almost like the last the toppe of 〈…〉 is furnished with a long and large tufted head spread like unto sprigges of feathers are somewhat like 〈◊〉 reedes standing for the most part all one way and hanging downe their heades and are of a fine browne 〈◊〉 shining colour which are being fine and slender easily shaken with the winde The Place and Time These grow in the borders of Corne fields and grounds that have beene plowed and flowrish chiefely in the 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 The Names The first of 〈◊〉 in the Gramen of Matthiolus the Gramen minimum Xerampelium of Lobel called Gramen ar◠〈…〉 and by him taken to be the Gramen bulbosum Dalechampij of Lugdunensis but as I said before I 〈◊〉 a aquare thereof The second is the Gramen segetum panicula speciosa latiore of Lobel Bauhinus calleth it 〈…〉 pâ—nicula spâ—â—â— The third is called by Lobel Agrorum venci spica FlandroruÌ„ because the Flemmings 〈…〉 Gramen agrorum latiore arundinacea comosa panicula as also Triclinarium gramen because the 〈…〉 in a row together one by another serveth in the Summer to be set in chamber chimneyes 〈…〉 when no fire is made therein to coole decke up and refresh the roome it is usually called in English Bâ—â—t-grasse and of some Windle-strawes it is the Gramen Arundinaceum arvense of Tabermontanus and the third 〈◊〉 pratense of Dodonaeus but cannot be the Gramen equinum Gesneri as Bauhinus thougdt for 〈◊〉 saith it was white and woolly which this is not The Vertues The first is said to have the like properties unto the Quich grasse but of the rest there is no certainty of any good use they 〈…〉 Physicke CHAP. XI Gramen paniculatum montanum Mountaine tufted Grasses THe Gramen sulcatum or pictâ—â—â— should be here numbred with the other Mountaine kindes but that I have shewed it you in my former Booke 1. Gramen montanum panicula spadicea delicatiore The soft mountaine Panicke Grasse From a small white roote with short fibres spring up three or foure joynted stalkes a foote high having a few small and short leaves on them and such likewise at the the foote of the stalkes but few in number at the toppe whereof standeth a brownish panickle of three inches height composed of many very small huskes This is sometimes found growing higher and with larger Panickles Alteruâ— 2. Gramen sylvaticum paniculatum altissimum Tall tufted Wood Panicke Grasse The roote of this Grasse creepeth in the ground set with divers fibres from whence rise two or three very tall Reede-like stalkes two or three cubits high bearing faire broad greene leaves on them like unto Cyperus and at the â—â—ppes many small tufted Panickles both stalkes and leaves are so tough that the Country Shepheards make them cloakes therewith against the weather and the Husbandmen make twine ropes and traces for their Horses to draw their ploughes The Place and Time The first groweth on the hils by Bassill the other in the Woods by Mâ—â—belgard The Names Bauhinus onely hath set out those by the same Names are in their titles The Vertues There is as little use of these as of the former CHAP. XII Gramen cristatum spicatum Crested and spiked Grasse THere are other sorts of Grasses that beare Panickles or tufted heads but they usually grow in or neere waters which shall be declared in that Classis is appropriated to such of that nature and quality Those that beare crested or spiked heads are of divers kindes c. 1. Gramen cristatum lene Smooth crested Grasse The
white rootes of this Grasse do matt themselves in the ground very much from whence spring up divers smooth slender stalkes two foote high with few or no joynts on them and with small short greene leaves at 〈◊〉 the toppes of the stalkes have slender long spiked heads set on them divided into many parts each whereof is like unto the crest of a Bird whereof it tooke the name being of a pale yellowish greene colour and sometime reddish or as Bauhinus compareth it to the head of Crista galli Cockes combe 2. Gramen cristatum subhirsutum Hairy crested Grasse This other crested Grasse differeth from the former onely in these particulars the rootes are of a reddish yellow colour lower and smaller stalkes a little hairy or Woolly at the bottomes with longer leaves and a more sparsed white head not so finely set together and groweth rather among the hedges and bushes 3. Gramen cristatum Anglicum English crested Grasse This kinde hath fewer and longer rootes not matting and encreasing in that manner the stalkes are straight with longer and narrower leaves on them the spiked head differeth from it in being longer and closer set and not spread into tuâ—ts but as it were into close short huskes the whole spike somewhat resembling a small long For-taile Grasse this groweth plentifully in many by places neere Hackney a little of from London 1 2 3 4. Gramen cristatum laene Cristatum subhirsutum Cristatum Anglicum spica multiplici Smooth Hairy English and double crested Grasses 5 6 7. Gramen pratense spica purpâ—â— spica â—aveâ—ceâ—te spica 〈…〉 Purple yellow and rough spiked Grasse 8. Gramen spicatum follijs Caryophylleis Spiked Medow Grasse with Gilloflower leaves 9. Gramen folijs Caryophylleis spica squamâ—â—a Gilloflower leafed Grasse with a scaly spike 4. Gramen cristatum spica multiplici Double English crested Grasse A variety hereof hath beene found bearing divers smaller parted spikes from the greater and not differing in any thing or very little else 5. Gramen pratense Dalechampij spica purpurea Purple red spiked Medow grasse of Dalechampius This Medow Grasse hath a bush of white threds for the roote with many Grasse-like leaves rising from it which are both narrower softer and greener having divers short stalke not a foote high with two or three joynts on them set with leaves and at the toppes out of a round skinne or huske picked at the end being the uppermost leafe breaketh forth a thicke short and somewhat flat spike of a brave reddish purple colour 6. Gramen pratense spica flavescente Yellow spiked Medow grasse This other yellow spiked Grasse differeth so little from the last either in rootes leaves taste or quality that divers have called the one the Male and the other the Female the head or spike onely of this is of a pale yellow colour and in some places on hils of a more reddish and shining colour not enclosed in any skinne of leafe aâ— the other but standing bare or naked being also slenderer and longer 7. Gramen pratense spica multiplici rubra Rough spiked Grasse This spiked Grasse hath a small roote made of a few fine threds like haires from whence rise long and narrow leaves ribbed all the length of them and so composed as is hardly seene in any other herbe for some of them are so joynted as if one leafe grew out of another on the top of the stalke standeth a very long head consisting of many more reddish spikes set together one above another then in any other Grasse and somewhat rough in hanâ—ing 8. Gramen spicatum folijs Caryophylleis Spiked Medow Grasse with Gilloflower leaves The leaves of this Grasse are somewhat hard thicke and short and greener then those of Gilloflowers or Piâ—â—es the stalkes are halfe a foote high at the toppes whereof stand small spikes sometimes more and sometimes fewer brownish at the first and afterwards somewhat reddish with many yellow threds mixt among them the rootes runne under the upper crust of the ground foulding one within and over another there is neither of the greater or lesser cattle that will willingly feede hereon as being so hard and sappelesse that it seemeth unfit to encrease any milke or nourishment in them This cannot be the Gramen Rabinum of Gesner as some take it to be although in face it be somewhat like it for the contrary qualities of feeding cattle sheweth a repugnancy 9. Gramen Caryophylleis folijs spica squamata Gilloflower leafed Grasse with a scaly spike This small grasse hath small long leaves narrow and bowing the stalkes are small and low not much above a 〈◊〉 high bearing at the toppe a short scaly head the rootes are small blackish threds The Place and Time All these according to their titles grow in Fields and Pastures or neere unto them and flourish at the time when others doe The Names The first is the Gramen cristatum Bauhini of Lobel and by Bauhinus himselfe Gramen pratense cristatum sive 〈◊〉 spica cristata brevi The second is a variety of the former mentioned by Bauhinus likewise The third is set downe as it groweth with us and howsoever thought by some to agree with the former yet by comparing them they are soone found to differ as is also shewed the fourth is mentioned as a variety of the last the fifth hath his name in his title to be knowne whose it is The sixth is called by Lugdunensis Gramen Anthoxanthâ— The seventh is the Gramen spicatum Dalechampij by Lugdunensis The eight is so called by Lobel as it is in the title by Lugdunensis Gramen nigrum by Tabermontanus Gramen Caryophylleum The last is the least and the last remembred by Thalius in his Harcynia sylva of his gramina Loliacea The Vertues These Grasses especially the purple spiked Medow kinde is thought to come neere the properties of the other field Grasses but because we have no certainty hereof we leave it and them untill we can learne to what diseases they may be most conducible CHAP. XIII Gramen spicatum montanum nemorosum Mountaine and Wood spiked Grasse THe other sorts of spiked Grasses as I said were of those that grow on hills and in Woods which shall be here expressed 1. Gramen montanum spicatum Clusij Clusius his mountained spiked Grasse From a long roote of a fingers thicknesse parted sometimes into two or three stringes with many fibres thereat and somewhat hairy at the toppe shoote forth sundry heads of leaves each containing five or sixe somewhat long thicke and halfe hollow like a gutter very like unto those of the greater Thrift compassing one another at the bottome a little bitter and sharpe in taste from the middle of whom spring up stiffe smooth bare and knotlesse stalkes about a foote high bearing at the toppes sundry small flowers set spike fashion and of a greenish colour 2. Gramen spicatum angustifolium montanum Mountaine spiked Grasse with narrow leaves This Grasse differeth onely from the eight Grasse
creeping upon the ground with many small short leaves and greater stalkes then is proportionable for the smallnesse of the plant not above two or three inches long having at the toppes of them a small slender spiked eare separated into a few small chaffie pointed heads of a whitish colour being ripe the roote is of a brownish colour and hairy 3.5 Gramen tremulum maximum Hispanicum minus The small Quaking grasse and the greatest of Spaine called Pearle Grasse 4 Gramen Phalaroides Danicum alterum minimum Low Quakers of Denmarke and the other small one Minimum There is another small one with small short leaves and stalkes full of small scaly heads upon very short footestalkes 5. Gramen tremulum maximum album Hispanicum The greatest white Spanish Quakers or Pearle grasse This greater white Spanish kinde is a small grasse with slender stalks and a few soft greene leaves on them at the toppes whereof stand the greatest and flattish soft scaly heades of any of the other before and of a silver shining white colour very beautifull to behold each much like unto the head of an hoppe standing on a small thred-like footestalke as the others doe but are almost as moving and stirring as the other the roote is small and fibrous perishing every yeare with us and seldome rising againe by it owne sowing but of the sowing thereof in the Spring yet sowing it selfe in Spaine and abiding there all the Winter in regard they have no frosts The Place and Time All these kindes of Grasses doe grow in the Corne fields some in Ley grounds and others in dry Medowes and Pastures The first and second with the severall sorts of it in our owne Country as well as in Spaine Italy or elsewhere the other sorts are all of them specified in their titles or descriptions where they are naturall They flourish somewhat earlier then divers other Grasses The Names The first is called by Lobel Gramen paniculosum phalaroides by Clusius Gramen amourettes quasi ameterium or amabile Lovely grasse by Dodonaeus Gramen pratense sextum by Lugdunensis Gramen filiceum sive polyanthes secundum by Tabermontanus Gramen paniculatum sativum and so Gerard from him by Bauhinus Gramen paniculis elegantissimis sive 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 majus and I have called it Phalaris pratensis major sive Gramen tremulum majus because it beareth the greatest number of heads of any the rest The second is called Phalaris pratensis minor by Lobel Amourettes tremblantes by Clusius Aegilops by Tragus and Gesner in bortis and Gramen polyanthes by Lugdunensis The third is called by Bauhinus according to the title making it the same or very neere unto Thalius his small sort of Grasse and the other kinde thereof Gramen tremulum minus panicula magna and Aquitanicum by Lobel in his Illustrations that he intended to publish The fourth is called as it is in the title the last is called by Bauhinus Gramen tremulum maximum and questioneth if it be not Phalaris altera of Caesalpinus Clusius in his curae posteriores maketh mention hereof by the name of Gramen amourettes majore panicula candicante which he saith Boel shewed him as he brought it out of Spaine but he gave it me first by the name of Gramen elegaâ—s lupuli glumis and is now adayes among our Gentlewomen much esteemed and called Pearle grasse the sorts of the second kinde are by them called Maidenhaire grasse or rather Meade haire grasse The Dutch call them Leif licke and we ordinarily Quakers or Shakers or Quaking grasse c. The Vertues The chiefest use that these grasses are put unto is for Gentlewomen to weare on their heads or armes as they would doe any fine flower or pretty toy to behold as also put into wreathes and Garlands that the Country people make for their sports and pastimes And hath no use in Physicke for any Medicine that I can heare of CHAP. XVII Alopecuros Foxtaile grasse AS I handled the Phalaris so will I the Alopecuros 1 2 3. Alopecuros genuina Maxima alterâ— Anglica The three sorts of Foxe-taile Grasses that is speake of the genuine kind in this Chapter and joyne unto it such as are likest thereunto and speake of the bastard kinds in the Chapter following 1. Alopecuros genuina The true Foxe-taile grasse The true Foxe-taile grasse groweth up with two or three soft hoary stalks about a foote high with small long and narrow soft leaves on them as hoary as the stalks whereon stand soft woolly or hoary heads somewhat long and round beset round with soft haires of a pale straw colour resembling the taile of a Foxe whereof it tooke the name the roote is small and made of a few fibres which perisheth yearely 2. Alopecuros altera Anglica Flandrica Another Foxe-taile grasse like unto the former This other Foxe-taile grasse hath leaves and rootes not much unlike to the former but longer and the stalkes grow higher the heads also are rounder and shorter and nothing so woolly or hoary 3. Alopecuros maxima Anglica The greatest English Foxetaile grasse This greatest Foxe-taile grasse groweth to be halfe a yard or two foote high sometimes having faire large leaves like unto Wheate but larger set at the joynts and at the toppes large great full soft and woolly heads like the former but much greater and longer either higher or lower The Place and Time The first of these is not found naturall in England as the others are but groweth in diverse places about Mompelier in France we onely have it in our gardens for curiosity The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Alopecuros and so in Latine which is Cauda vulpis and so they call it at Mompelier as Lobel saith Pliny seemeth to call it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Stelephuros Lugdunensis calleth it gramen tomentosum Alopecuros vera Plinij Theophrasti The second Lobel calleth as it is in the title because he found it in England as well as Flanders and is that which Dodonaeus calleth Alopecuros The last Lobel found in the West parts of this Land betweene Portsmouth and the Isle of Wight and called it Alopecuros maxima Anglo Britannica and hath not beene knowne to any before The Vertues There is no speciall property found to be in any of these for Medicine but to be worne onely as a toy in mens or womens hate CHAP. XVIII Gramen Alopecurodes Bastard Foxe-taile grasse THere are â—ivers sorts of these wilde or bastard Foxe-taile grasses some greater other lesser all which I meane to comprehend in one Chapter seeing they are of no great moment and but to content the curious yet I must show you the greater first and the lesser after them 1. Gramen Alopecuroides majus The greater bastard Foxe-taile grasse The greater of these wild Grasses riseth up with a stalke two cubits high with few leaves long and narrow on them the spike is somewhat great and long
resembling the former but not so soft or Woolly Hereof there is a lesser sort differing chiefly in the smallnesse being somewhat smaller but longer 2. Gramen Alopecuroides Africum Bastard Foxe-taile grasse of Africa Minus This African hath at some part of the stalke small long leaves set by themselves at the joynts and at others diverse together the head or spike is somewhat great and very long woolly and soft as the other the roote is great and long 3. Gramen Alopecuroides cuspidatum maximum Anglicum Our bastard Foxe-taile grasse of the greatest size This hath many long narrow leaves rising from a bushy roote and among them stalkes two cubits high with few joynts and leaves on them at the top whereof standeth the longest spiked head of any other somewhat pointed at the top and broad at the bottome set about with white haires on the huskes which are somewhat like to those of Oates 4. Gramen Alopecuroides cuspidatum majus Great spiring bastard Foxe-taile grasse This is somewhat like unto the first sort here in this Chapter expressed but that the spiked head is longer and 1. Gramen Alopecuroides majus The greater bastard Foxe-taile Grasse 1. Gramen Alopecuroides minus The lesser bastard Foxe-taile Grasse 2 3. Gramen Alopecuroides Africum et cuâ—pidatuâ— maximum Anglicum Bastard Foxe-taile Grasse of Africa And Ours of the largest size 5. Gramen Alopecuroides alterum radice repente sive Psâ—udoschanâ—thum Monspeliâ—sium A Bastard Foxe-taile Grasse called Sqâ—inant at Mâ—â—pelier 6. Gramen Alopecuroides spica aspera brevi Short rough eared bastard Foxetaile Grasse 7. Gramen Alopecuroides spica tonga majus The greater long eared bastard Foxe taile Grasse spâ—g 〈…〉 that is small at the toppe and somewhat broad below with Oatâ—h-like â—kes set on them and that the leaves are more and much shorter 5. Gramen Alopâ—curoides alterum radice repente sive Psâ—udoschananthum Monspeliesium A bastard Foxe-taile grasse called bastard Sqinant at Moâ—ipelier I doe acknowledge that this Grasse might not unfitly have 8. Gramen Alopecuâ—des 〈◊〉 spica affera longa Small rough long eared bastard Foxetaile-grasse beene placed among the Sea plants and Rushes but in regard the head doth so neere resemble the bastard Foxe taile-grasses let me by your patience insert it here whose description is thus It somewhat resembleth the greatest English Foxe taile-grasse described in the Chapter before differing in that this hath thicker harder and stiâ—â—er leaves like unto Rushes the head or spike is long and close even five or sixe inches long of a silverlike shining colour but the bloomings are of a pale red and the huskes reader which when it hath stood long beginneth to open it selfe and 〈◊〉 with some downie matter for the winde the â—oote creep◠〈◊〉 under ground shooting forth leaves and stalkes in divers pâ—s 6. Gramen Alopecuroides spica aspera brevi â—hoâ— rough eared bastard Foxetaile-grasse This small rough eared grasse riseth up with two or three upright 〈…〉 stalkes with somewhat narrow and soft leaves on them 〈◊〉 the toppe whereof standeth a thicke and short rough head about an â—nch and a halfe long not fully but as it were halfe round the stalke on the backeside being as it were bare so that it seemeth to stand but on one side wherein is small white seed contained the roote is small and white perishing yearely 7. Gramen Alopecuroides spica longa majus minus Great and small long eared bastard Foxetaile-grasse These Grasses are one not much unlike another the one being greater and the other smaller both in stalke and leafe the spiked heads are long and slender and of a whitish colour 8. Gramen Alopecuroides minus spica aspera longa Small rough long eared bastard Foxetaile-grasse This differeth from the last in being greener more stored with stalkes and leaves and the spiked head more slender long and rougher also 9. Gramen Alopecuroides minus cuspidatum Small sharpe pointed bastard Foxetaile-grasse The stalke hereof is about a foote high stored but with few joynts and short narrow leaves on them the spike or eare is almost as big as the last but sharper pointed and with some peeces growing out of the sides 10. Gramen Alopecuroides cuspidatum minimum The least pointed bastard Foxetaile-grasse This is lesser then any of them before in stalkes and leaves but longer in both as the spike or eare is also being very small and slender and pointed at the end The Place and Time All these Grasses except the second and fifth doe grow in the fieldes and medowes of our land some neere London toward Hackney and others in Kent and keepe the same time or flourishing with the rest The fifth as is said by the Sea side of Narbâ—e The Names The first sort of these Grasses both the greater and the lesser are expressed by Lobel and others under the name of Alopecurâ—s and Canâ—dâ—vâ—lpina The second Boel brought us out of Barbarâ— The third and fouth we have giâ—en titles as well as to â—t The fifth is called by Tabermontâ— and Gerard Schenanthum adulterinum and by Lobel Iâ— mariâ— grâ— folijs Schananthi but afterwards altering the title he set it with these Grasses and called it as it is in the title here The sixth is called by Lugdunensis Gramen Echinatum Dalechampij but Bauhinus calleth it Gramen Alopecuroides spica aspera The seventh and eighth are called by Bauhinus Gramen Typhoides and are called by others Gramen Alopecuriâ— as the last are also The Vertues I finde nothing remembred by any whereto any of these are profitable CHAP. XIX Gramen Typhinum vel Typhoides Cats taile Grasse ALthough 〈…〉 not Typha the Cats taile it selfe in this place being referred to the wet and moorish places where it shall be remembred among other of the like nature yet I will here shew you the so◠〈◊〉 â—aile Grasses 1. Gramen Typhoides maximum The greatest Cats taile Grasse This greatest sort groweth up with 〈◊〉 large leaves like wheate and stalkes two foote high on which stand long round spiked heads foure times bigger then the next and almost of an equall bignesse and roundnesse from the bottome to the toppe Yet sometimes it is found with stalkes three or foure cubits 1.4 Gramen Typhinum max Danicum minus The greatest Cats taile grasse and the Danish 2. Gramen Typhinum medium sive vulgatissimum The most common Cats taile Grasse 3. Gramen Typhinum minus The lesser Cats taile Grasse high and the spike somewhat shorter and smaller to the toppe 2. Gramen Typhinum medium sive vulgatissimum The most common Cats taile Grasse This Grasse that is most common in our more barren grounds differeth not but in the smallnesse from the former the stalkes not rising much above a foote high and the round spike two or three inches long the rootes have small round heades like bulbes from whence the leaves doe spring and encrease there 3. Gramen Typhinum minus The lesser Cats taile grasse This differeth not from the last but
in having more store of narrower greene leaves and lesser stalkes with smaller long slender spiked heads 4. Gramen Typhinum Danicum The Danish Cats taile grasse This Danish kinde hath leaves and stalkes much like the last and differeth in these two things onely from it first in having shorter spiked heads and more rough and next that at the bottomes of the stalkes next above the roote they have two small knots of bulbes one as it were set upon another 5. Gramen Typhinum alterum Zelandicum Dutch Cats taile grasse This Grasse is smaller then the last both in leafe and stalke yet but little in the head or spike the chiefest difference from it is that it hath two little bulbes one upon another among the rootes 6. Gramen Typhinum Harlemense Harlems Cats taile grasse This differeth little from the Danish kinde but in being lesse both in stalke and leafe and having two small knots above the rootes but lesse evident The Place and Time The three first are often found in our owne land but the three last not knowne as yet and doe all keepe the same time with others The Names The first here set downe is no doubt the same with the first and greatest Gramen Typhoides of Bauhinus The second hath heretofore beene called Gramen Typhinum majus by divers The third is likewise called minus The other three have their names in their titles not being mentioned by any before The Vertues These are as unprofitable for any Physicall use as the last CHAP. XX. Gramen Cyperoides Ciperus Grasses OF Cyperus Grasses there are a great number some growing in watery and moorish places either upland or neere the Sea others in the corners and borders of fieldes or Woods or the moister places of them which shall be declared in this Chapter and the other in the next Classis hereafter and first of that sort that partaketh both with Cyperus and Typha to the one in the leafe and to the other in the head 1. Cyperus Typhinus Cats taile Cyperus Grasse This Cyperus Grasse hath many long narrow three square hard greene leaves rising from a bushye roote among which rise up stiffe greene stalkes two foote high and better with some joynts and leaves at them and at the toppes two or more slender long rough heades set together one above another like some of the Cats tailes and of a darke greene colour tending to purple 2. Pseudocyperus gramineus sive Miliaceus Tufted bastard Cyperus grasse This Grasse hath divers faire long and somewhat broad and shorter paler greene leaves then the last from whence arise three square stalkes like Cyperus about halfe a yard high set with leaves from the bottome to the middle of the stalkes compassing them at the bottome the toppes being furnished with a larger tufted head then is equall for the plant wherein is contained the seede the roote is blackish and bushie 3. Gramen Cyperoides sylvarum tennius spicatum Slender eared Wood Cyperus grasse The stalkes of this grasse are three square a foote high or more with faire but hard and rough grassie leaves foure or five inches long the spiked heades that grow at the toppes are many one above another slender and long yet some more then others as some of two inches others of one inch or an inch and a halfe of a yellowish greene colour with long yellowish seedes in them with yellowish great and stringy rootes 1. Cyperus Typhinus Cats taile Cyperus Grasse 2. Pseudocyperus gramineus sive Miliaceus Tufted bastard Cyperus Grasse 4 Gramen Cyperoides elegans multifera spica A fine Cyperus Grasse with many heads This Grasse hath slender triangular stalkes about two 3 4 5. Gramen Cyperoides sylvarum elegans multisera spica echinatum Montanum Slender eared grasse with many heads and the mountaine Cyperus Grasse foote high the leaves are long and narrow with a long pointed spiked head made of many small ones so close set together that they seeme to be but one spike or head 5. Gramen Cyperoides echinatum montanum Mountaine prickly Cyperus Grasse The stalkes hereof are three square and not much above a spanne long the leaves below and on them are very long and narrow the heads are short with many rough burres on them some separated and some close 6. Gramen Cyperoides sparsa panicula Altae Portae Land Cyperus grasse with a dispersed tuft The long leaves hereof are of a browne greene colour and somewhat flat betweene a rush and a grasse the stalke also is somewhat more flat then square sometimes but one cubit high and sometimes two or three the toppe whereof is furnished with a large round spread pannickle made of many parts and each small prickly head standing on a slender footestalke which oftentimes is bent downe with the weight of the heades the rootes is full of fibres 7. Gramen Cyperoides Norwegicum parum lauosum Cyperus grasse of Norwey a little woolly The slender stalkes of this grasse grow about two spans high the bottomes of them being a little woolly and having at the middle onely a joynt with a leafe the lower leaves set close upon the ground three or foure inches long somewhat like those of the grasse Crowfoote the heades of the stalkes have small round shining eares on them of a pale browne colour with a small long leafe under every head There have been two sorts of this kinde of grasse Anglicanum duplex varietas found nere unto High gate the one smaller then this but 6 7. Gramen Cyperoides sparsa panicula Norwegicum parum lanosum Cyperus Grasse with a dispersed tuft and of Norway a little woolly 9 10. Gramen Cyperoides spicatum latifolium alterum Broad leafed Cyperus Grasse of two sorts with more store of burres at the heads of the stalkes The other greater and somewhat higher then that of Norwey 8. Gramen Cyperoides Norwegicum alterum Another Norway Cyperus Grasse This other Grasse groweth in moist Woods as well with us as elsewhere with a number of long narrow leaves some three or foure inches others sixe or seven inches long the stalkes are cleare and smooth halfe a yard high bearing at the toppe many conelike heads set close together 9. Gramen Cyperoides spicatum latifolium Broad leafed Cyperus Grasse This grasse may be numbered among the other of this kinde in that it hath long blacke creeping rootes with many fibres at them very like unto the sweete long Cyperus and hath broad leaves almost a foote long among which the stalkes being a foote high beare three chaffie spiked heades at the toppes of an inch or an inch and a halfe long whereof the middlemost is longest each of them like unto the small Cats taile grasse 10. Gramen Cyperoides spicatum latifolium alterum The higher broade leafed Cyperus grasse This also is reckoned with the rest having as long leaves but higher stalkes by much bearing at the toppes foure or five small long eares of spikes one above another an inch or two long with a
small leafe at the foote of each of them the roote is somewhat long but scaly with many long fibres set thereat The Place and Time The first groweth in the lower places of wet fieldes neare the Sea shore The second we have sometimes found in our simpling walkes betweene London and Kentish Towne in the bottome of a field some in Norway divers of the others about High gate and in a Wood neere thereunto and in other places of the Land and keepe the same time with others The Names The first is called by Tabermontanus Gramen Typhinum and by Bauhinus Gramen Typhoides spica multiplici but by Gerard Cyperus Typhinus and so doe I finding it to participate of both and is quite left out of the new Gerard a divers others are for want of the figures The second is called by Lobel Cyperus graminea sive Miliacea by Lugdunensis Iuncus latus by Thalius Pseudocyperus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and by Bauhinus Gramen Cyperoides miliaceum The rest are not written of by any before and therefore their titles are sufficient to distinguish them The Vertues We have nothing to set downe of the property of any of these grasses but are wholly neglected as unprofitable for any Physicall use neither doe they serve for fodder though they may for litter to horses and cattle CHAP. XXI Gramen Caninum Dogs grasse or Quich grasse OF the Dogs grasses there are many sorts some growing in fields and other places of the Vpland grounds others in the fieldes nere the Sea of the former we will speake here and of the other in the next Classis among the Sea plants 1. Gramen Caninum vulgatius Common Quich Grasse 2 3. Gramen Caninum longiâ—â— radicatum latiore panicula minus Longer rooted Quich grasse and with a more spread panickle 1. Gramen Caninum vulgatius Common Quich grasse It is well knowne to all I thinke that this Grasse creepeth farre about under ground with long white joynted rootes and small fibres almost at every joynt very sweete in taste as the rest of the herbe is and interlacing one another from wheece shoote forth many faire and long grassie leaves small at the ends and cutting or sharpe on the edges the stalkes are joynted like corne with the like leaves on them and a long spiked head with long huskes on them and hard rough seede in them 2. Gramen Caninum longius radicatum paniculatum Quich grasse with a more spread panickle This differeth very little from the former but in the tuft or panickle which is more spread into branches with shorter and broader huskes and in the roote which is fuller greater and farther spread 3. Gramen Caninum latiore panicula minus The lesser Quich grasse with a sparsed tuft This small Quich grasse hath slender stalkes about halfe a foote high with many very narrow leaves both below and on the stalkes the tuft or panickle at the toppe is small according to the plant and spread into sundry parts or branches the roote is small and joynted but creepeth not so much and hath many more fibres among them then the others have and is a little browner not so white but more sweete 4. Gramen Caninum supinum arvense Low bending Quich grasse This creepeth much under ground but in a differing manner the stalkes taking roote in divers places and scarse raising themselves up a foote high with such like greene leaves as the ordinary but shorter the spiked head is bright and sparsed or spread abroad somewhat like the Field grasse 5. Gramen Caninum supinum Monspeliense Low bending Quich grasse of Mompelier This differeth very little from the last in any other part thereof then in the panickle or spiked head which is longer and not spread or branched into parts as it is 6. Gramen exile tenuifolium Canarie simila sive gramen dulce A small sweete grasse like quich grasse This small grasse hath divers low creeping branches and rooting at the joynts as the two last having many small and narrow leaves on them much lesse then they and a small sparsed panickle somewhat like the red dwarfe grasse 4. Gramen Caninum supinum arvense Low bending Quich Grasse 5. Gramen Caninum supinum Monspeliense Low bending Quich Grasse of Mompelier 7. Gramen â—â—rorum nadice repente Wall grasse with a creeping roote This Wall grasse from a blackish creeping roote come forth many smal stalkes a foote high bending or crooking with a few narrow short leaves on them at whose toppes stand small white panickles of an inch and a halfe long made of many small chaffie huskes The Place and Time The first is usuall and common through the Land in divers plowed grounds which troubleth the husbandmen as much after the ploughing up of some of them as to pull up the rest by hand after the springing and being raked together to burne them as it doth Gardiners where it happeneth to weed it out from among their trees and herbes the second and third are nothing so frequent and are more naturall to sandy and chalkye grounds the three next are likewise found in fields that have beene ploughed and doe lye fallow and the last is often found growing on old decayed walles in divers plâ—â—â— they all keepe the time of Sommer with the rest The Names This is called in Greeke usually 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is simply Gramen as of most use and in Latine Gramen Caninum by Lobel Gramen Canarium medicutum from Pliny who first called it Canaria quasiâ—â—â—â—bus inventa qua fastidium deducant vomitum cumpituita â—ejicient â—â— hinc Cynogrostis alijâ— a â—oliorum primo prâ—deâ—â—tiâ—â— forâ—â— quibusdam Deus Caâ—is dicitur Gosner iâ— hortis calleth it Gramen Dioscoridiâ— and other Authors call it onely Gramen and Lugdunensis Gramen vulgara The second and third Lobel called in his other part to the Adversaria Gramen Canarium longius redicatum majus minus and I thinke is also the Gramen Caninum viâ—â—ale of Bauhinus The fourth Lobel calleth Gramen Caninum supinum and added arvense afterwards to it the fifth is so called also by him because it was sent him from Mompelier The sixth is the Gramen dulce of Lobel The last is so called by Bauhinus as it is in the title The Italians call it Gramigna as the best of all others the French Chieâ—dent and Dent de chieu And we Quich grasse or Couch grasse The Vertues This Quich grasse is the most medecinable grasse of all others serving to open obstructions of the liver and gall and the stoppings of the 〈◊〉 being boyled and drunke and to ease the griping paines of the belly and inflammations and wasteth the excrementitious matter of the stone in the bladder and the Vlcers thereof also the rootes being brused and applyed doth consolidate wounds the seed saith Dioscorides doth more powerfully expellâ—tine and stayeth the belly or laâ—ke and castings or vomittings Galen saith the same thing and further addeth that the
roote is moderately cold and dry and hath also a little moâ—dâ— city in it and some tenuity of parts the herbe is cold in the first degree and moderate in moisture and drynesse but the seed is much more cold and drying of some tenuity of parts and somewhat harsh Pliny confoundeth this and the Pamassus grasse together applying the same properties to the one that are attributed to the other the distilled water or the decoction alone is often given to children for the wormes but if some wormeseede be put to it it is the more effectuall The first Quich grasse is that which hath beene ever in use in our Land with the Apothecaries for their medicines as it was also in the hether parts of France but the further parts thereof and about Geneva they use the knobbed or bulbed kinde but neither of them was knowne to Matthiolus or the Germanes or Italians in his time as it is evident in that he hath made no mention of it CHAP. XXII Gramen Caninum bulbosum nodosum Bulbed and knobbed Quich grasse VMto this kinde of Dogs grasse is to be joyned some other grasses whose rootes are knobbed or bulbed yet that sort which Bauhinus maketh mention of in his Prodromus growing in the water I will referre to the next Classis whereunto it is proper 1. Gramen Caninum bulbosum nodosum vulgare Common bulbed and knobbed Quich grasse This kinde of Quich grasse hath for his rootes three or foure or more round white knobs or bulbes one set upon the head of another with divers fibres underneath them from the uppermost of whom springeth forth divers long hard grassie leaves sharpe at the edges and in the middle of them a joynted stalke with three or foure such like leaves upon them at the toppe whereof is a long panickle spread into many parts like to that of Oates whereunto some have compared it Lobel exhibiteth another sort hereof differing little in any part but the root a which are small and round and set at distances all along the rootes and as sweete as the other Nodosum 2. Gramen nodosum spica parva Knobbed grasse with a small round spike This small Grasse hath a small whitish round knob or bulbe for the roote with small fibres under it shooting forth from the head thereof another somewhat like unto a bulbe but much smaller and like a slender knob with a small joynted stalke above it and a long narrow pointed leafe at each of them being foure or five inches long and at the toppe one short soft spiked head somewhat like unto the head of the Cats taile grasse 3. Gramen bulbosum geminum Double bulbed grasse This double bulbed Grasse hath a greater round sweete bulbed roote below covered with a reddish skinne and one like a lesser at the head thereof the upright stalke is not a foote high joynted and kneed like unto a Wheate straw having foure or five narrow grasse-like leaves on them and at the head thereof a small long panickle made of diverse huskes each standing by it selfe like the huske of an Oate out of which appeareth small reddish bloomings 4. Gramen bulbosum Alepinum The bulbed grasse of Aleppo This Aleppo grasse hath a firme white round roote covered over with a netted outer skinne and small white fibres underneath from the midst whereof come forth two or three stroked stalkes above a foote high and with many grassie leaves set on them the spike is somewhat like to the Wall Barley breaking out of a broade leafe whose point riseth above it 1 2. Gramen Caninum bulbosum vulgare alrerum nodosum spica parva Common knobbed Quich grasse And another with a small round spike 1. 3 Gramen bulbosum geminum nodosum vulgare Knotted Quich grasse and double bulbed Grasse 5. Gramen bulbosum Messanense The Sicilian bulbed Grasse Let me adde this plant here for I know no fitter place to insert it although it be not answerable to the rest whose description is thus The roote is very small and round somewhat like unto a wilde Saffron roote and of the table of a Chesnut having onely two or three long leaves as small as haires with some shorter on the stalke on the toppe whereof groweth a small long and round knob or bulbe of the bignesse of an ordinary beane somewhat yellow or browne on the outside and having three rough circles about it equally distant one from another but white within and of the substance of a Chesnut The Place and Time The first groweth not so common with us as the creeping rooted Grasse yet sufficient plentifull in many plowed fieldes in the Land The second neere Bassill The third in Spaine The fourth neere Aleppo in Syria The last both nere Verona and Italy and at Drepanum and Messana in Sicilia The Names The first is called Gramen nodosum avenacea pluma by Bauhinus who also doubteth whether it may not be the Aegilops Plinij which hath a kinde of bulbe others call it Gramen bulbosum tuberasum or nodosum The second is mentioned onely by Bauhinus in his Prodromus and Pinax by the same title it hath The third is the second Gramen nodosum by Bauhinus and the Coix Mycoâ—â— in Lugdunensis who tooke it to be the Coâ—x of Theophrastus lib. 8. c. 16. Casalpinus saith it is called by the common people in Italy Perlaro and Oryza sylvestriâ— The last is mentioned by Iohannes Baptisti Cortesius in Miscalancorum medicinalium decade quinta fol. 206. where hee saith that it is called Basyli by the Sicilians that usually sell it in the Markets and by some others there where it groweth Castancalos from the sweete taste like Chesnuts that both roots and heades have in eating Montaguana also as he there saith mentioneth this roote and that they of Verona call it Futrosium or Azulinum The Vertues The first knobbed Quich-grasse is found by certaine experience not onely with us but in Savoy Geneva c. where it plentifully groweth and is used to be more effectuall to provoke urine and to breake the stone to case those torments of the belly that come by loosenesse crudities of humours and obstructions and generally is held safely to be used in any the like causes that the other is and with as good successe The third Myconus saith hee could understand of no physicall use it was put unto but that Hares were much delighted to rest by it and to digge up and eate the rootes the last is used for food being windy withall that is not used Physically CHAP. XXIII Gramen geniculatum Kneed Grasse OF that kinde of grasse that groweth in the uplands there is onely a greater and a lesser as shall bee shewed in this Chapter but there are others growing in the waters and neare the Sea side which shall be declared in their proper places 1. Gramen geniculatum majus The greater Kneed Grasse The greater of these grasses hath many long trayling branches upon the ground with sundry great
joynts on them and shooting out fibres from those joynts that lye next the ground so that it doth sometimes run twentie foote in length with one long leafe at each joynt small at the end but broadest below from which as 1. Gramen geniculatum majus The greater kneed Grasse 2. Gramen geniculatum minus The lesser kneed Grasse well as at the toppe come forth divers small long spikes of chaffie huskes of an overworne colour which stalkes and joynts are so full of a most pleasant juice that it feedeth Cattle much more than any other Hay and therefore those Farmers that have it growing in their grounds doe keepe the Hay thereof for their chiefe winter provision and in stead of Provinder the roote is bushing and fibrous 2. Gramen geniculatum minus The lesser Kneed Grasse This other kneed grasse creepeth not so much on the ground as the former but spreadeth more upright with his branches whose joynts are not altogether so great as the other the stalkes send forth spiked heads at the tops but somewhat larger then the former and of a sadder overworne colour the roote is threddy like the precedent The Place and Time They both grow in most medowes in sundry places of this Land but have beene especially observed the greater to grow about Wilton in a great medow lying among the bridges at the townes end belonging to the Earle of Pembrooke and the other at Waâ—minster both of them in Wiltshire The Names Pauhinus as not well knowing these referreth the former sort to the kindes of Gramen dactylon or Ischaemon because of the divers Panicles it beareth together in a tuft and calleth it Aquaticum as Tabermontanus and Gerard did but both mistooke it for that other which groweth in waters in our Land as well as others they have their names from the great joynts or knees on their stalkes The Vertues We have not knowne these used to any other purpose then is formerly declared CHAP. XXIV Gramen Dactyloides sive Ischaemon Dew Grasse or Cockes foote Grasse AAthough formerly there was but one sort of Ischaemon knowne yet since for the likenesse of the panicles or tufts thereof there are divers others referred thereunto as species thereof 1. Ischaemon sylvestre latiore folio Common Cockes foote Grasse The common Cockes foote grasse hath sundry cleere reddish joynted stalks with faire grassy leaves on them somewhat dented on the edges broad at the bottome and small to the end of an harsh or binding taste at the toppes of the stalkes grow divers long and slender rough spikes of a brownish colour when they are ripe the roote is made of many fibres 2. Ischaemon sylvestre spicis villosis Another Cockes foote grasse This other grasse hath purplish stalkes a cubit high with fewer and much narrower leaves on them the spiked heads are more in number then the former and more hairy having as it were short yellow beards set on both sides of the panicles wherein lye the seede the roote is bushie like the other 3. Ischaemon sativum sive Gramen Mannae esculentum Dew Grasse The Dew grasse hath likewise faire joynted purplish stalkes and larger grassie or reede like leaves on them somewhat hairy or wolly at the bottome of them and about the joynts at the toppes of the stalkes stand larger spikes or panicles and more also set together made of many small chaffie huskes with long white seedes in them somewhat greater then Millet and lesser then Rice standing all as it were on the one side the roote is greater and more bushy whose plante differeth from the former no otherwise almost then a manured from the wilde plant 4. Gramen Scoparium Ischaemi paniculis Brush Grasse The brush grasse hath a roote consisting of many very long hard threds or fibres a cubit long or more whereof are made in France where it is naturall those brushes that wee doe usually brush our heads c. withall the stalkes are hard slender and joynted about a cubit high with small long leaves on them like unto the second sort of Ischaemon here before set forth but sweeter in taste at the toppes of the stalkes stand five or six or more bright long panicles like unto the Cockes foote but larger flatter and lesse dented 5. Gramen Canarium Ischaemi paniculis Cockes foote like Quich Grasse The Cockes foote like Quich grasse might as well have beene numbred among the Quich grasse as among these being as it were indifferent betweene them both it hath running joynted rootes like the ordinary Quich grasse and so both stalkes and leaves somewhat resemble it but the head is dispersed or spread into such like slender long panicles as the Cockes foote grasse the small chaffie huskes whereof conteine rougher seede 1. Ischaemon sylvestre latiore folio Common Cockes foote Grasse 3. Ischanton sativum sive Gramen Manna esculenium Dew Grasse 4. Gramen Scoparium Ischanton paniculis Brush Grasse 5. Gramen Canarium Ischaemi paniculis Cocks foote like Quich grasse 7. Gramen Dactylon Egyptiacum Creeping Cockes foote Grasse 6. Gramen Dactylon repens Creeping Cockes foote Grasse This small grasse sendeth forth from a sparsed threddy roote many long slender and weake branches trayling or creeping upon the ground and shooting forth roots at the joynts the leaves that grow at the joynts are small and grassie long and narrow and at the toppes of the stalkes which rise not much above a spanne high foure or five small slender blackish spikes within the huskes whereof lye the seede 7. Gramen Dactylon Egyptiacum Egyptian Cockes foote Grasse The roote of this Egyptian Grasse doth somewhat creepe under ground like unto Quich grasse but much lesse the leaves are very small set upon small stalkes of an hand breadth long having foure small long panicles set at their tops and no more opposite one to another like a crosse with small seede in them This is Alpinus his figure and description but Joannes Vestingius Mindanus a Chirurgion having lived long in Egypt hath set out some notes upon Alpinus his Egyptian plants and among others giveth us a little differing figure with the toppe pannicles distributed into five or six parts resembling a starre and therefore calleth it stellatum one of the toppes whereof I have thought good to joyne unto the other that the difference betweene them may be discerned 8. Gramen Dactylon Africanum Cockes foote Grasse of Africa This grasse of Africa is in most things like unto the last but growing a little higher the leaves are as small and the spikes or panicles somewhat longer and bigger more condenced or set as it were with graines the root creepeth about as the last and abideth extremitie of our winters The Place and Time The two first are usually found naturall in divers places of Italy and Narbone in France as also in divers places of our owne Land but he third is usually sowen as Corne is in their fields in many places in Germany yet it is sayd to be naturall in Italy the fourth
in the Ile which is not farre from Orleaunce the fift is found in Spaine and Narbone in France and so is the sixt also and is there the most common the two last are knowne by their titles they all keepe the same time that the others doe The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and so likewise Ischaemon in Latin it is also taken to be Canaria Plinij by Anguilara and called Gall crus Apulei by him also and Gramen Ischaemon by all other Authors onely Leoâ—iceum was deceaved in taking it to be Coronopus because the Sclavonians called it Coâ—nitis pes Bauhinus and Tabermontanus onely make mention of the second the third is called generally Gramen Mannae and some adde esculentum because it is of so much use among the Germanes yet Thalius and some others call it Gramen acâ—leatum Cordus upon Dioscorides also calleth it Frumentum Germanicum Scwaden Oryzae species the Italians call both this and the first Sanguinaria Sanguinella and Capriola the fourth Lobel calleth Gramen Scoparium Ischami paniculis as it is in the title the fift Lobel formerly called Gramen Canarium alterum but afterwards Gramen Canarium Ischami paniculis Lugdunensis Gramen vulgare Dalechampij as Bauhinus saith but I thinke he is mistaken for I cannot finde it so others call it Gramen as if it were the first of Dioscorides and so Clusius also taketh it to be calling it Gramen legitimum the sixt is called by Lugdunensis Gramen vulgare Dalechampij as Bauhinus noteth it truly but not so in the other the seaventh Prosper Alpinus hath made mention of in his booke of Egyptian plants and saith that the Egyptians call it Neiemelmsalb or Gramen crucis The last is not remembred by any before and therefore this title is sufficient for it They may be all called Gramen Dactylon or Dactyloides as Bauhinus doth from the forme of the pannickles representing spread fingers and thereupon might as well bee called in English Finger grasse as Cockes foote grasse the Germanes call the third Himmeldaw quasi caeliros and wee in English Dew Grasse The Vertues Cockes foote grasse bruised and layd to any place that bleedeth doth stay the blood presently whether from the nose or wound yet if the rough spike be put into the nose and rubbed it will make it bleed thus the divers manner of using it workes a contrary effect both to draw blood and to sâ—ay it being boyled with Axungia that is Hogs Suet and some houshould bread doth quickly heale the biting of a mad dogge the same also applyed to hard tumors dissolveth them it is sayd that the juice of branch that beareth onely three spikes together taken in the waine of the Moone and put into the eyes that runne and water by some distillation of rheume making them to lock red to be bleare eyed or else being bound to the necke in the beginning of the sayd disease doth quickly discusse the humour and heale the eyes The Dew grasse is sayd to discusse the hardnesse of womens breasts the seede is food for small birds and Pidgeons and Hens and for men also for the Germanes and others seeth it like Rice and so eate it or put it into the broth of flesh as we doe Oatemeale and divers other wayes being as familiar and common to them as Oatemeale is to us The Cocks foote Quich grasse is thought to have all the properties and effectuall also that eyther of the Quich grasses before spoken of have and therefore for brevitie I referre you to them The Egyptian Cocks foote as Alpinus saith is used by the Egyptian women to helpe to breake the stone eyther in the reines or bladder but Velsingius aforesayd saith he could not learne it to be so effectuall yet saith that he met with a Religious man comming from mount Sinai that declared that the stone in the uretory vessels but not in the bladder might bee voyded by putting up the finger and pressing the bladder and by putting into the neck of the bladder by the Vrinary passage a Goose quill and blowing strongly therein which he himselfe saith knew to be true They also use the decoction of the rootes and seedes to provoke their courses and to give it to children to expell or drive forth the measels small pox faint spots purples or petecchie in them as also they use to give it in pestilentiall feavers the whole herbe but especially the rootes they hold to be of singular good use to heale both greene wounds and old Vlcers some of them also use the decoction thereof to procure sweate familiarly CHAP. XXV Gramen Arundinaceum Reede grasse OOf the Reede grasses there are divers sorts some grow on the land and others in the water those that grow in the Vp-land grounds shall be entreated of in this Chapter and the other hereafter 1. Calamogrostis sive Gramen Arundinaceum majus The greater Reede grasse The greater Reede grasse riseth up with many joynted stalkes and large sharpe cutting leaves on them like to those of the water Reede but lesser the toppes of the stalkes are furnished with divers hard long spikes or heades somewhat like the common Reede which when they have stood long doe open and having a flocky substance in them are carryed away with the wind the root is full of white strings and some joynted ones Minus which spread in the ground There is a lesser sort hereof whose toppe is not so full of spikes as having but one or two thereon 2. Calamogrostis altera Norwegica Reede grasse of Norway This other Reedegrasse of Norway groweth not so great but harder and rougher both in stalkes and leaves then the former the spoky tuft at the toppe is larger more spread into severall panickles sharper also and rougher in handling Anglica the rootes hereof likewise consist of many long strings We have one like hereunto growing nere Hackney if it be not the same our milder Country altering the roughnesse saving that this hath a tuft of hairy threds growing at the head of the roote 3. Calamogrostis nostras sylvae St. Ioannis Reede grasse of Saint Iohns wood This Reede grasse is in stalke and leaves somewhat like the next woolly Reede grasse but the stalkes are joynted in two or three places two or three cubits high with narrower leaves sharper and almost two cubits long and a little striped withall the toppe pannickles are sometimes a foote or more long parted into many long spikes which are soft as silke and of a shining over-worne murrey colour the roote is white with thicke strings which spread in the ground sometimes 1. Calamogrostis sive Gramen Arundinaceum majus The greater Reede grasse 1. Gramen Arundinaceum minus The lesser Reede grasse 2. Calamogrostis altera Norwegica Reede grasse of Norway 3. Calamogrostis sylvae Di Joannis Reede grasse of Saint Iohns Wood. 4. Calamogrostis sive Gramen tomentosum The softer or woolly headed Reed grasse 5. Calamogrostis torosa
broad leafed hairy Wood grasse with Rush like leaves 4. Gramen nemorum hirsutum majus angustifolium The greater narrow leafed hairy Wood grasse 5. Gramen hirsutum angustifolium majus alterum Another sort of narrow leafed hairy grasse 6. Gramen nemorum hirsutum minus angustifâ—lium The lesser narrow leafed hairy Wood grasse small long haires the stalke from among them groweth to be two foote high with leaves at the joynts and set at the toppe with divers small greenish flowers in little huskes which containe small seede when it is ripe the roote is a tuft of many small long threds 2. Gramen nemorum hirsutum majus alterum praecor tuberosa radice A greater early Wood grasse with a knobbed roote This earely Wood grasse hath larger leaves then the former of a deeper greene colour and as hairy also on the stalkes are leaves at the joyntes as in the other and such like heads or knaps of flowers the roote is thicke somewhat short and browne almost like a Tormentill roote with a number of small brownish haires covering it very thicke 3. Gramen nemorum hirsutum latifolium minus juncea panicula The lesser broad leafed hairy Wood grasse with Rush like panickles This lesser Wood grasse is very like in the growing unto the first or broader sort but that the leaves hereof are narrower and the panickle or tufted head at the toppe of 9. Gramen hirsutum capitulo globoso Globe headed hairy Wood grasse the small stalke is smaller and somewhat resembling the toppes of Rushes 4. Gramen nemorum hirsutum majus angustifolium The greater narrow leafed hairy Wood grasse The greater narrow leafed Wood grasse is very like in the manner of growing unto the first sort of Wood grasses but that the leaves are much narrower shorter and turning downewards as the first the stalke is bare without joynt of leafe having at the top three small rough and almost round scaly heads set together the roote is small and long with small fibres set thereat 5. Gramen hirsutum angustifolium majus alterum Another sort of narrow leafed hairy grasse From a small reddish fibrous roote riseth up a stalke neere two foote high and smooth usually bearing at the toppe a soft white panickle somewhat spread and made of sundry small scales as it were in every one whereof lyeth a small round blackish seede the leaves are few a little hairy and some of them compassing the stalke the whole panickle hath two small leaves set at the bottome thereof the one rising higher then it the other lower this saith Bauhinus groweth in the moist fieldes of Michelfield by Bassill 6. Gramen nemorum hirsutum minus angustifolium The lesser narrow leafed hairy Wood grasse This lesser Wood grasse is lesser then the last sort having many long and narrow leaves growing at the roote as hairy as any before the stalke hath two or three joynts and short leaves on them and at the toppe divers small heads standing upright each standing on a small hairy footestalke the roote is somewhat long like a Cyperus roote with a bush of small long threds 7. Gramen nemorum hirsutum minimum The least hairy Wood grasse The least hairy Wood grasse hath more store of narrow long hairy leaves then the last but else in all things it agreeeth with the sixt in heads and flowers but being whiter then the rest 8. Gramen hirsutum sive exile ferrugineum Small hairy browne Wood grasse This Wood grasse is as small as the last but with lesser store of leaves the heads on the stalkes that are not above foure or five inches high are Woolly and not fully round but a little flat and of a yellowish browne colour the roote is small and fibrous 9. Gramen hirsutum capitulis globosis Globe headed hairy Wood grasse This Wood grasse hath long leaves as broad as the third sort here before with some small soft haires about the edges the stalkes are about a foote high with joynts and leaves on them the toppes being furnished with two or three round soft white woolly heads composed of many small silver like threds the roote is small and threddie The Place and Time All these grow in Woods some about High gate and other places and flowrish in the end of Summer except the second which is earlier then any of the rest by a moneth or two sometimes The Names The first is called by Lobel and others Gramen hirsutum nemorosum Bauhinus giveth the figure of the third and of the fifth but I have thereunto added alterum to distinguish it from the fourth being of later invention The sixt is called Cyperella Cordâ— by Gesner in hortis and Gramen exile hirsutum Cyperoides by Lobel Gramen nemorum Dalechampij by Lugdunensis and Gramen hirsutum capitulis Psyllij by Bauhinus The seventh is the Gramen Leucanthemum Dalechampij by Lugdunensis The eighth is not mentioned by any before now The last is called Combretum Plinij by Anguilara Gramen Lucidum by Tabermontanus Caesalpinus saith the Italians doe usually call it Herba Luziola quia noctis lucâ—t it shineth more by night then by day The Vertues There is nothing of any propertie in them 〈◊〉 medicine or any other use the Cattle also refusing them by 〈…〉 their hairinesse CHAP. XXVIII Gramen aculeatum Echinatum Prickly headed Grasse ALthough some of these grasses grow sometimes in moorish grounds yet they are as often found in the moist comesâ— and low places of medowes also 2. Gramen aculeatum Germaniâ—â—â— The prickly headed Grasse of Germany and therefore may more fitly be inserted into this Classis then the next 1. Gramen aculeatum Italicum Matthiolus his prickly headed grasse This small grasse hath leaves and stalkes somewhat like the small ordinary grasses but that at the joynts with the leaves come forth small prickly heads â—oulded in huskes and ending in three points wherein lye small long pointed seede 2. Gramen aculeatum Germanicum The prickly headed Grasse of Germany From a white threddy roote rise up diâ—erâ— grassie leaves and among them sundry slender stalkes leaning this way and that whereon are set short spiked heads very rough and sharpe made of many huskes wherein lye white seede 3. Oxagrostis pumila Hispanica Spanish sharpe pointed Grasse This small Spanish grasse groweth not above halfe a foote and sometimes but three or foure inches high rising from the â—oote with two or three stalkes branching forth into sundry sprigs and somewhat long narrow and sharpe pointed hard leaves set one against another and at the toppes of the stalkes small spiked heads of halfe an inch or more in length fashioned somewhat like the heads of Holosteum Matthioli the roote is white long joynted and creeping in the ground 3. Oxyagrostis pumila Hispanica Spanish sharpe pointed Grasse 6. Gramen Triglochin Arrow headed Grasse 5. Echinato capite Round prickly headed Grasse 1. Italicum Aculeatum Matthiolus his prickly headed Grasse 4. Gramen echinatum planum Flat prickly
headed Grasse This small grasse riseth not much higher then a palme or handbreadth and from a white 〈◊〉 made of many fibres sendeth forth a few small hairy leaves an inch long as also a small and fine stalke with a flat spiked head and most sharpe aunes at the ends of the huskes whereof it consisteth 5. Gramen echinato capitulo Round prickly headed Grasse The roote of this grasse is composed of many white threds sending forth some few narrow rough leaves two or three inches long among which rise up slender some higher and others lower stalkes with one or two joynts and leaves at them each having at the toppe a small round head set with very sharpe prickles within the huskes whereof lye white cleere seede 6. Gramen Triglochin Dalechampij Arrow headed Grasse Vnto these grasses let me adde this also which although others doe referre to another genus yet I doe to this for the sharpe heads sake it hath sundry narrow slender leaves foure inches long among which the 〈◊〉 that hath no joynt or leafe thereon groweth a foot high bearing many small three square heads in a long 〈…〉 above another each on a severall short footstalke fashioned somewhat like to a broad Arrow head or the leafe of Sagittaâ—ia but thâ—â— thâ—y are small and roundeâ— biforked below and sharpe pointed above the root is a small bush of many small white fibres The Place and Time The three first grow in dry places and old mudde walls and in the like places doe the other also grow and flourish at the save time with other sorts of grasses The Names The first was first called by Matthiolus Gramen aculeatum and since by others in like manner Bauhinus calleth it Italicum as he doth the second Germanicum which Lobel called palustraâ—â—â—natum and Lugdunensis Gramen aculeatum Dalechampij the third is not mentioned by any before now â— the fourth is set forth by Bauhinus and called Gramen spica plâ—nis echinataâ— the fift is described both by Bauhinus and Columna this calling it Gramen montanum echinatum tribuloideâ— capitatum the other Gramen spica subrocundâ— echinata or Gramen echinatâ— capitulato the last is called by Lugdunensis Gramen Triglachin sive Vermiculatum Dalechampij which Bauhinus doth diversly referre as unto that Gramen of Thalius that some as he saith would make a rush but hee would not doe so for that the leaves were grassie and groweth in wet or moorish places but Lugdunensis saith his doth spring up in dry grounds as also unto Gramen spicatum marinum alteâ—um of Lobel whereunto I acknowledge it hath some resemblance but that the place seemeth to contrary it and that it is also the second Calamograstis of Tragus and the fourth Calamogrostis of Lugdunensis so that it seemeth that for some likenesse he applyeth the one to the other The Vertues Matthiolus would transferre the vertues of his Gramen aculâ—atâ—â—â— to those of Dioscorides but there is much doubt made thereof by the learned and of the rest there is nothing can be learned worth the relating CHAP. XXIX Schâ—nogrostis sive Gramen Iuâ—â—eum Rush Grasses THere are divers sorts of Rush Grasses some that grow in the upland grounds some in the watery and moorish plashes and some neare the Sea shores of the former onely I meane to entreate in this Chapter and of the rest in the 〈◊〉 Classis among the moorish and water plants 1. Gramen Iunceum montanum subcaerulea spica Cambro britanicum The gallant mountaine Welsâ— Rush Grasse This gallant Rush Grasse hath a great 〈…〉 slender Rush like leaves little lesse then a cubit or halfe a yard long from among whom riseth up two or three â—lender small stalkes eight or nine inches long and much lower then the leaves bearing at their toppes out from betweene two leaves which are rather like skinâ— being broad below and small toward the end yet one alwayes longer then the other a small spiâ—â—d scaly like head of a fine blewish colour 2. Gramen Iunceum speâ—â—osum minus Another gallant small Rush Grasse This small Rush Grasse is very like the former but that it hath much smaller 〈◊〉 like leaves not past three or foure inches long rising out of â— browne hard huske or â—ose for at the toppe of a small fibrous roote from among which spring up divers joynteâ— stalkes with such like leaves on them and a 〈◊〉 head at the toppe like unto the former but of a browne 〈◊〉 Chesnut colour and smaller as the whole plant 〈◊〉 having two small leaves theâ—eat as in the former 3. Gramen Iunceum Dalechampij Dalechampius his Rush Grasse Dalechampius his small Rush grasse that groweth in cold and dry places â—â—th 〈…〉 round rush-like greene leaves rising from a very long white fibrous roote whence spring divers joynted stalkes with some few leaves on them and at the toppe a sparâ—ed or open spiked head somewhat like unto the Holosteum Salamanâ—â—um of Clusius consisting of many purplish huskes 4. Gramen Iunceum vulgare The common Rush grasse The leaves of this common Rush grasse are almost round seven or eight inches long among which the stalkes that are a span long beare at their heads sevâ—rall small panicleâ— spike fashion one above another the roote is composed of brownish yellow threâ—s 5. Gramen Iunceum sylvarum majus articulato foliâ— The greater joynted wood Rush Grasse The stalkes of this Rush grasse are somewhat flat and very greene the leaves are almost round with many severall crosse joynts on them the tufted heads at the toppe oâ— the stalkes that are neare two cubits high are much spread into many rush-like pannickles and somewhat flat also the roote creepeth a little set with many small fibres 1. Gramen Iunceum subcaerulea spica Cambro Britanicum The gallant Welsh Rush Grasse 2. Gramen Iunceum speciosum minus Another gallant small Rush grasse 3. Gramen Iunceum Dalechampij Dalechampius his Rush Grasse 4. Gramen Iunceum vulgare Common Rush Grasse 5. Gramen Iunceum sylvaticum sparsa panicula The greater joynted wood Rush Grasse 6. Gramen Iunceum sylvarum minus articulato folio A lesser joynted wood Rush Grasse 6. Gramen Iunceum sylvarum minus articulato folio A lesser joynted wood Rush Grasse The divers stalkes of this Grasse that rise from the hard spreading roote with many fibres thereat doe take roote againe in the ground and beare such like joynted leaves and small spread pannickle heads above very like unto the last but smaller by the halfe in each And there is a smaller also whose leaves are long and slender Minus but not joynted the pannickle whereof is smaller also but sparsed in like manner 7. Gramen Iuncoides Iunci sparsa panicula Rush Grasse with rush-like sparsed heads The stalkes hereof are slender somewhat flat and almost two foote high the leaves are smaller then the common sort about two spans long the toppes likewise are smaller and spread with whitish heads the roote is yellowish spreading it selfe with
Place and Time These all have beene found in our owne land as well as beyond Sea the first not onely in the ponds and waters of a small village called Austroyel hard by Antwerpe but in divers places with us also the other in the brookes and ponds of both Wales and England in sundry places and are to be seene in the end of Summer when they flowrish The Names The first is called by Lobel Iuncus aquaticus minor capitulis equiseti and by Lugdunensis Iuncus clavatus Dalechampij The second hath his title sufficient to expresse it not being described by any other The last Bauhinus so calleth as it is in the title yet calling it minor as he doth the first major The Vertues There is no property knowne to what malady any of these may be applyed but are held unprofitable as a great many others be CHAP. XXXIV Iuncus cyperoides floridus The flowring Cyperus Rush THere hath formerly beene knowne but one sort of these flowring Rushes but Bauhinus hath added another lesser sort 1. Iuncus floridus major The greater flowring Rush This greater flowring Cyperus Rush as it is differing from all the other sorts of Rushes so it excelleth them all in beauty hath sundry heads of leaves like unto those of Cyperus rising from a long creeping or spreading roote like the Rushes bushing with many fibres from whence spring round smooth Rush like stalkes two or three cubits high bearing at the top a large spread tuft or umbell of pale blush coloured flowers yet Tragus describeth them to be white with some threds tipt with yellow in the middle which falling away bring in their places small round blackish heads containing small seede within them 2. Iuncus floridus minor The lesser flowring Rush The smaller Cyperus Rush hath a whitish joynted roote a small stalke of a hand bredth high having three long sharpe pointed Rush like leaves two whereof rise higher then the stalke and at the toppe five flowers one flowring after another after which come two small round heads 1. Iuncus floridus The flowring Rush set together on each footestalke of the bignesse of the Candy bitter Vetch The Place and Time The first groweth in watery ditches pooles and plashes in most parts of this Kingdome The other hath beene observed in Swisserland in sundry places and are flowrishing all the Summer long ripening the seede in the meane time The Names Although this hath no Greeke name yet it hath found divers Latine names being called by Tragus Calamogrostis secunda by Matthiolus Lugdunensis Camerarius and others Iuncus floridus by Lobel Iuncus Cyperoides floridus paludosus by Cordus Gladiolus palustris by Dodonaeus Gladiolus aquaticus who findeth it erronious in them that call it Iuncus floribus but is in as great an error himselfe to follow Cordus that calleth it Gladiolus from the false translation of Gaza making Theophrastus his Cyperus to be Gladiolus as Pliny it may be misled him before whereunto it hath no correspondence saving a little in the leaves hee also taketh it to be Spâ—â—ganium Dioscoridis wherunto it agreeth as little some also call it Butomos Theophrasti and Lonicerus Carex alterum The Italians call it Giunco florido The Dutch Watter Lisel and Gerard Water Gladioll following Cordus who confoundeth Theophrastus his Cyperis with Dioscoridis his Gladiolus The Vertues Matthiolus saith it is thought to worke the like effects that the other sorts of Rushes doe but according to Cordus his mistaking it to be Gladiolus he saith it is good to helpe the paines of women in their delivery of childing being boyled in wine and drunke CHAP. XXXV Spartum herba sive Iuncus Matt weed or Mat Rushes ALthough the Spartum Plinij be a kinde of Rush growing rather in dry then moist places yet because the other sorts of Grasses that serve with us for the same purposes to make Mats and other such like workes doe grow in wet and Moorish grounds neare the Sea side and are called by the same name of Spartum I must rather then divide it place it with the other 1. Spartum Plinij sive Iuncus Hispanicus Spanish Rushes The Spansh Rush riseth up with a number of round Rushes a cubit long each whereof is parted a little above the ground into three or foure more slender long tough and greene Rushes somewhat broader at the first being whitish in the middle which soone after have both their edges so drawne together that it maketh them seeme round so that the partition is hardly discerned and then grow harder and whitish when they are dry as we see them in frailes and in the round mats wherewith the floores of chambers are matted as they are wrought there and brought over to us from among which rise up sundry stalkes somewhat higher then the leaves bearing at the toppe a small long head of many sharpe pointed huskes after which come small long seede like unto some of the other Grasses the rootes spread in the ground into many tufts matting therein that in some places they take up two foote square or more 2 Spartum Plinij alterum mollius The softer Spanish Rush This other Spanish Rush groweth in the very same manner and order that the former doth and differeth from it onely in these particulars the Rushes are more fine and slender softer also and bearing a shorter tuft at the top breaking out of a skinny huske or hose the rootes hereof doe mat like the other and grow in moister places 3. Spartum marinum nostras Our Matweed or Marram This Matweed hath divers long hard and very sharpe pointed Rushes piercing their legges that are not booted going among them the stalkes have soft spiked long heads like unto the eares of Rye and blooming like it also the rootes creepe in the ground and fasten themselves strongly therein 4. Spartum marinum nostras alterum The other of our Sea Matweedes This other Matweede is in the growing like the former but that the rushes are broader and shorter and the heads or spikes also the rootes likewise creepe and are strongly fastened into the ground 5. Spartum parvum Batavicum Anglicum Small Matweede The Small Matweed hath shorter smaller and harder rushes the stalkes are a cubit high having small thin long spikes and harder at the toppes then the former the rootes likewise are long hard and somewhat tough fit to be wrought into little baskets or the like 1. Spartum Plinij sive Iuncus Hispanicus Spanish Rushes 2. Spartum Plinij alterum molluis The softer Spanish Rush 3. Spartum marinum nostras Our Matweed or Marram 4. Spartum marinum nostras alterum The other of our Sea Matweedes 5. Spartum parvum Batavicum Anglicum Small Matweede 6 7. Spartum Narbonense minimum Anglicum The small French and English Matweedes 6. Spartum Narbonense French Matweede The French Matweed hath smaller rounder and whiter leaves or rushes then the last and closer growing together like unto the smallest and finest sort of rushes and are
Cyperoides palustre majus The greater Marsh Cyperus grasse 8. Gramen Cyperoiâ— pâ—llâ— sive miâ—â—s The lesser Marsh Cyperus grasse 11. Gramen Cyperoides Danicum glabrum The Danish Cyperus grasse 12. Gramen Cyperoides spicata fusca elegantissima panicula Baionense The fine browne spiked Cyperus grasse of Bayon in a manner three square and so is the stalke also at the 〈◊〉 whereof from among divers leaves come forth great spiked thicke and short heads hanging downewards every one by a short footestalke the rootes likewise doe somewhat resemble the true sweete long Cyperus but looser and not so firme fuller also of fibres and not smelling sweet at all 5. Gramen Cyperoides spica pendula longiore Another sort of Bastard Cyperus grasse This wild Cyperus grasse hath a cornered striped stalke about two cubits high bearing long and narrow leaves thereon which compasse the stalke at the bottome with a skinne or hollow sheath and hath severall long and narrow pendulous heads at the toppe five or sixe inches long a peece with a long leafe under each head 6. Gramen Cyperoides palustre panicula sparsa Marsh Cyperus Grasse with sparsed heads The leaves of this Cyperus Grasse are long and somewhat narrow hard and cutting on both edges the stalke is tall without any leaves thereon unto the toppe where betweene two long leaves and very narrow spread forth divers short footestalkes bearing each foure or five small rough heads the roote spreadeth somewhat like the true Cyperus but harder fuller of blackish fibres and without smell 7. Gramen Cyperoides palustre majus The greater Marsh Cyperus Grasse This greater Marsh Grasse hath sundry long and narrow hard cutting leaves like the last and among them divers tall upright naked stalkes without any leaves on them at all each of them bearing a long round and somewhat large rough prickly head wherein lye the seede the roote is a bush of many blackish fibres like unto a Grasse 8. Gramen Cyperoides palustre minus The lesser Marsh Cyperus Grasse This lesser sort is like unto the greater but smaller the stalke bearing sharpe rough spiked heads foure or five together one above another on both sides thereof with a long leafe at the foote of them oftentimes 13. Gramen Cyperoides palustre Balonense Marsh Cyperus Grasse of Bayon 14. Gramen Cyperoides Bayonense Ischand panniculis fuscis The Cyperus Grasse of Bayon with browne Cockes foote pannicles 9. Gramen Cyperoides spicis minus compactis Marsh Cyperus Grasse with more open heads The roote hereof is somewhat hard or wooddy and full of fibres bearing many long and narrow leaves like to Grasse among which riseth a rough three square stalke bare of leaves for the most part unto the toppe where stand severall small rough heades or spikes more loose or open then the former having sharpe pricking seede within them 10. Gramen Cyperoides panicula sparsa subflavescente Yellowish open headed Cyperus Grasse This yellow headed Grasse hath smaller and shorter leaves and naked stalkes then any of the former bearing at the toppes betweene two small long leaves a head severed into many small parts or spikes of a yellowish colour the roote is great at the head with divers fibres thereat Panicula nigricante Of this sort there is another differing little from it but in the colour of the small spikes which are blackish 11. Gramen Cyperoides Danicum glabrum folijs Caryophylleis A Danish Cyperus Grasse This Danish Cyperus Grasse hath divers stalkes with sundry narrow stiffe and smooth leaves three or foure inches long apeece set together at the middle of them from among which rise naked short stalkes bearing at the toppes from betweene usually two long leaves diverse small long spiked heads spread like those of Rushes of a brownish greene colour the roote is slender creeping under ground shooting forth in divers places 12. Gramen Cyperoides spicata fusca elegantissima panicula Bayonense A fine browne spiked Cyperus Grasse of Bayon This fine spiked Cyperus grasse hath sundry long and narrow leaves among which rise up three square stalkes joynted in divers places and long leaves at them with whom towards the toppes come forth long bushing spiked heads somewhat hard but not pricking each being two or three inches long of a very fine pale brownish colour the rootes are a bush of many thicke strings 13. Gramen Cyperoides palustre Baionense Marsh Cyperus grasse of Bayon This Cyperus grasse of Bayon hath divers narrow long leaves both below and on the small stalkes which are about two foote high bearing at the toppes sundry long and sharpe prickely heads with long leaves at them the roote is composed of sundry long thicke strings and fibres 14. Gramen Cyperoides Bayonense Ischemi paniculis fuscis Cyperus grasse of Bayon with browne Cockes foote pannickles This Grasse of Bayon hath three square stalkes almost two foote high and very long narrow leaves even a foote and a halfe a peece at the bottome of them and the like also at the joynts with whom towards the toppes come forth very long and slender pannickles of a brownish colour being three or foure inches long and of the thicknesse of a Mouse taile sometimes but one at a joynt but usually two and sometimes three the rootes are a bush of many greater strings and fibres at them The Place and Time All these sorts of Grasses grow in low moist and moorish grounds many of them as well in our owne land as in others divers also have their severall places expressed in their titles and doe all flowrish and seede in the end of Summer The Names From the likenesse as I said unto both Cyperus and Grasse in leaves or rootes be all these sorts entituled Cypereid a Gramina The first whereof is the Gramen Cyperoides of Lobel Camerarius and others Bauhinus taketh it to be the Graminis quartum genus of Tragus which Lugdunensis calleth Carex Tragi but in that Tragus saith his groweth in dry sandy grounds and fieldes and having the spiked heads more dispersed then that of Lobel I presume they cannot be both one plant The second is by Bauhinus called Gramen Cyperoides angustifolium spica spaâ—cea viridi minus as the other sort of the first he called Latifolium majus The third hath not beene described by any before The fourth is the Pseudocyperus of Lobel Gesner and Dodonaeus The fifth is described by Bauhinus in his Prodromus under the twelfth title The sixth is the Gramen Cyperoides aquaticum vulgatius of Lobel The seventh is so called by Lobel as it is in the title but Thalius calleth it Gramen Iunceum triquetrum The eight is called by Lobel Gramen Cyperoides parvum aquaticum The ninth is so called by Bauhinus as it is in the title and so is the tenth also but saith it is the Carex minui of Lonicerus and the fourth Calamogrostis of Tragus which Lugdunensis putteth in the third place and figure as also his Iuncus exiguns pratensis and the Gramen marinum
spicatum â—ixâ—s of Camerarius The foure last sorts have not beene set forth before now The Vertues There are none of these Grasses used for man or beast that I can learne being most of them sharing or cutting Grasses but especially unprofitable for any Physicall use CHAP. XXXVII Gramina Iunce a palustais aquatica c. Rush-like Grasses of the Marshes Waters c. IN the former Classis I shewed you divers sorts of Rush-like Grasses that grew on the upper grounds in this I meane to exhibite those of the lower and indifferently dispose them together whether they be naturall to the Marshes or Moorish grounds the waters or the Sea sides 1. Gramen Iunceum palustre racemoso semine Marsh Rush like grasse with seedes in clusters This Rush grasse hath but few small Rush like leaves rising from the blackish threddy roote from among which commeth up divers stalkes a cubit high bearing at the toppes betweene small long leaves a small head formed like unto a bunch of grapes wherein lie the seede Gramen Iunceum minimum aquaticum capitulo squamoso A very small water Rush like grasse This small water Rush grasse hath as few but smaller leaves than the former being about two inches long a peâ—ce the stalkes are foure or five inches high each of them bearing a small scaly reddish head with the toppe of the stalke appearing above it this is not that sort is expressed in the former Classis among other Rush grasses There is another somewhat like hereunto but that the stalke appeareth above the head which is not scaly 3. Gramen aquaticum Iunceum vulgare The Common Water Rush grasse 4. Gramen Iunceum aquaticum magis sparsa panicula Another water Rush grasse with joynted leaves 5. Gramen Iunceum aquaticum Bauhini folio articulato cum utriculis Bauhinus his double forme of Water Rush grasse 6. Gramen Iunceum maritimuâ— majus The greater Sea Rush-like Grasse 7. Gramen Iunceum marinum dense stipatum Thicke Sea Rush Grasse 9. Gramen Iunceum exile Plimmostij Small Rush grasse of Plimmouth 10. Gramen Iunceum magis exile paucifolum The lesser Rush grasse with few leaves 11. Gramen Iunceum minimum Holostio Matthioli congener The smallest Rush Grasse like the former Toade grasse 3. Gramen Iunceum aquaticum vulgare The common water Rush grasse The common water Rush grasse shooteth forth sundry joynted stalkes from a long thicke spreading roote and at each joynt a narrow Rush like leafe at the toppes of whom stand divers to all heades some what like unto those of Rushes 4. Gramen Iunceum aquaticum magis sparsa panicula The other water Rush grasse with joynted leaves This other water Rush grasse is very like in the growing unto the last the chiefest differences be in the stalkes that are greater and rise higher in the leaves which are joynted like unto the wood Rush grasse and in the tops which are more spread with small heads 5. Gramen Iunceum aquaticum Bauhini Bauhinus his double formed water Rush grasse I have hereunto added this double formed kinde of Rush grasse of Bauhinus called aquaticum whereby he would correct that Gramen aquaticum alterum which Lobel and Tabermontanus set forth because the leaves had no joynts in them as he saith the true sort should have but is rather another sort as I thinke for having given one figure with many small tufts or heades such as it beareth in the summer time he sheweth another that the same plant he saith after hay harvest shooteth forth another hand-high stalke with certaine chaffie heades parted into many threds and seldome beareth then any such like heads as the former on it not having seene his sort I can no further judge thereof but give you my opinion 6. Gramen Junceum maritimum majus The greater Sea Rushlike grasse This greater Sea Rush grasse hath many hard smooth leaves like Rushes rising from the tufted roote and among them sundry slender naked stalkes about a foote high with Rush like heades growing at the toppes but much smaller 7. Gramen Iunceum maritimum dense stipatum Thicke set Sea Rushlike grasse This other Sea grasse hath long hard leaves like Rushes growing thicke and close together the stalkes are slender and not much longer than the leaves every one bearing a small head at the toppe like unto a Rush whereunto the roote is like also 8. Gramen Iunceum maritinum minimum Zelandicum The least Sea Rushlike grasse of Zeland This whole plant scarse exceedeth halfe a cubit in height but spreadeth like a small tussocke from each severall roote whereof riseth a single small stalke with small hairy like leaves therewith a small thicke head at the top 9. Gramen Iunceum maritimum exile Plimostij Small Sea Rush grasse of Plimmouth The leaves of this small Rush grasse are many growing thicke together and as fine almost as haires or threds among which rise up sundry slender unjoynted stalkes bearing exceeding small sharpe pointed heades thereon the stalkes appearing above them and pointed the rootes are many small long fibers This was found as well at Plimmouth as Dover in their wet grounds 10. Gramen Iunceum magis exile paucifolium A lesser Rush grasse with fewer leaves This small grasse hath fewer and shorter stalkes and leaues than the last more soft also and delicate whose heads are a little bigger and prickly and the stalke rising above them as in the other the roote is small and slender 11. Gramen Iunceum minimum Holosto Matthioli congener The smallest Rush grasse like the former Toad grasse This little grasse groweth with sundry small thred like leaves scarse an inch and a halfe long with smaller on the stalkes which are about twise their length at whose toppes stand two or three small heades like to those of Rushes but with rounder graines or seedes therein and closer set together the roote is very small and threddy The Place and Time All these grasses are sufficiently declared in what manner of places they grow flourishing in the summertime as the rest doe The Names The first second fifth and eight are of Bauhinus mention The third of Tabermontanus and Lobel and so is also the sixt and seventh the rest have not beene exhibited by any before The Vertues There can as little be said of these Grasses being hard and saplesse that no cattle will feede thereon as of others the like nor having in them any medicinable quality for man CHAP. XXXVIII Gramen Iunceum lanatum sive Bombycinum vel Iuncus Bombycinus Cotton Grasses or Rushes I Have foure or five sorts of these woolly or Cotton Grasses to shew you in this Chapter which although they grow not all in wet grounds yet resembling one another so neerely I did not thinke it good to separate them but set them altogether 1. Gramen Iuncoides lanatum sive Iuncus Bombycinus vulgaris Common feather or Cotton grasse The ordinary Cotton Grasse hath a few long slender leaves almost like Rushes rising from a small
tuft of threds thrusting downe somewhat deepe into the moorish ground wherein it usually groweth and among them hard slender stalkes about a foote high sometimes with a leafe or two thereon and sometimes without either leafe or joynt bearing at their toppes a fine soft woolly or rather white silkelike head finer then the finest white wooll that is of the bignesse usually of a Wallnut with the outer huske which is so eminent in ones eye a farre off that it giveth much delight and admiration to the beholders which passeth away into the winde being full ripe what seede it hath is not observed 2. Gramen Iuncoides lanatum alterum Danicum The Danish Cotton Grasse This Cotton Grasse hath many more and narrower Rush like leaves growing from the roote then the former the stalkes are nothing so high as it and the fine Cottony head is smaller and not so pure white the rootes are much alike 3. Gramen Iunceum lanatum minus Small French Cotton Grasse Although this hath many more Rushy leaves then any of the former yet doe not the stalkes rise much higher nor beare they at their toppes so great a tuft or Cottony head but are small and somewhat long flying away with the winde being ripe but leaving a small head like a Crowfoote head of seede behind it the roote is somewhat blacke and not much unlike the former 4. Gramen tomentosum Alpinum minus 1. 2. Gramen Iuncoides lanatum sive Iuncus Bombycinus vulgaris alter Danicus Common Feather or Cotton grasse And another of Denmarke 3. Gramen Iunceum lanatum minus Small French Cotton grasse 5. Iuncus Alpinus bombycinus Mountaine Cotton Rush Small mountaine Cotton grasse From a small unprofitable roote riseth a small stalke halfe a foote high with two or three leaves thereon at the toppe whereof standeth a small round head of Cotton 5. Iuncus Alpinus Bombycinus Mountaine Cotton Rush This also sendeth forth from a Rush like roote divers Rushes and among them sundry slender stalkes an handbreadth high bearing a small white head of wooll or cotton like the rest The Place and Time The first groweth in many places of this Kingdome and on Hampestead heath neere London about a bogge there the second at Elsinore in great abundance and in Germany also the third about Mompelier the fourth in some moist places of the Alpes the last in Moravia and flourish chiefly in Iuly The Names The first is diversly called by divers Authours according as their knowledge and opinion thereof led them for Tragus tooke it to be the Gnaphalium of Dioscorides Anguilara his Typha Gesner and others Linum pratense the Germane name being Matten flachs Lobel Iuncus Bombycinus Dodonaeus Gramen Eriopherum Thalius Gramen Iunceum lanigerum Tabermontanus Gramen tomentosum Linagrostis The second is the Iuncus Alpinus capitulo lanuginoso of Bauhinus although the figure exhibited was taken after the manner of the Danish growth the fourth was sent by the title it beareth The last is entituled as Bauhinus giveth it The Vertues Cordus onely saith of the first that the decoction thereof in wine and taken warme easeth the griping paines in the belly The woolly heads are gathereth by divers to serve both to stuffe beds and cushions and the like which for the softnesse and goodnesse farre excelleth any Thistle downe CHAP. XXXIX Gramen Arundinaceum palustre Marsh Reede Grasse I Have shewed you in the last Classis before this those sorts of Reede grasses that usually grow on the upper groundes although sometimes in the lower also In this I shall entreat of such as grow in watery or marshy places 1. Gramen Anundinaceum maximum Bayonense Great Marsh Reede grasse of Bayon This great Reedegrasse shooteth forth great thicke and very tall stalkes as high as any man joynted up to the tops with long somewhat broad hard rough and straked leaves set thereon but lesse then those below towards the toppes of the stalks with the leaves come forth many sparsed tufts of chaffie heads standing on small long footestalkes the whole pannickle being a foote long and more the roote creepeth farre about in the watery ditches and places neere St. Iohn de Luce where it groweth 2. Gramen Arundinaceum acerosa gluma nostras Our great Reed grasse with chaffie heads This sort of Reedegrasse hath many faire large Reedelike leaves springing from a joynted reddish roote and are not much unlike to those of Millet grasse but harder rougher and straked all the length of them having great Reedelike stalkes three cubits high joynted also and branched and towardes the toppes bearing large and somewhat hard pannickles of spiked chaffie heads each of them about a spanne long of a whitish colour in some places and reddish in others wherein lye small seede 3. Gramen Arundinaceum sericea molliore spica A lesser soft headed Reede grasse This other Reede grasse is somewhat like the last but lesser with narrower and shorter leaves and lower stalkes with but few joynts and leaves on them the tufted heads that stand at the toppes are somewhat like to the Rush that is called bastard Schoenanthum and turne into downe that is carryed away with the winde the rootes are sundry long strings set together at a head The Place and Time The place of the first hath beene expressed in the description the two other grow in the low moist grounds by Ratcliffe neere London and flourish in the Summer time The Names 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greeke and so also Calamogrostis Gramen Arundinaceum in Latine are as fitly applyed to these sorts as the former all these being of later invention none having published any of them before 1. Gramen Arundinaceum maximum Bayonense Great Marsh Reede grasse of Bayon 2. Gramen Arundinaceum acerosa gluma nostras Great Reede grasse with chaffy heads The Vertues We have not yet heard or learned of any good property they have for medicine CHAP. XL. Gramen aquatica Water Grasses THere are some other sorts of Grasses that properly grow in the Waters and not spoken of before after whom shall follow the Sea Grasses that they may usher in the rest of the Sea plants 1. Gramen aquaticum majus Great water Grasse This great Water Grasse hath great and tall stalkes full of joynts with large Reede-like leaves at them striped with white and greene like Ladies faces but not so evidently to be seene up to the toppe almost where standeth a large and long tufted pannickle of many parts and branches like the common Reede the rootes runne and spread farre shooting up in sundry places 2. Gramen arundinaceum aquaticum Great Water Reedegrasse The stalkes of this are great and high having broader and longer leaves then the former and somewhat harder also the joynts also be fewer and the tufted pannickle is more spread and soft in handling and of a purplish greene colour whose bloomings are white the rootes creepe not so much as the former 3. Gramen aquaticum panicula
spetiosa The faire headed water Grasse This Grasse riseth to be two cubits high the leaves are broad and a foote long but slenderly set on the stalkes somewhat rough on the edges some whereof will be hollow like a trunke that the stalke will goe through it halfe way the toppe pannickle is made of many fine soft scaly tufts very beautifull 4. Gramen aquaticum paniculatum minus Small bearded Water Grasse This Grasse sendeth forth from a thicke hard white fibrous roote a round straked stalke about two foote high compassed with sundry broad rough pale greene leaves neere a foote long the toppe pannickle is a spanne long thinnely or sparsedly placed made of many whitish heads compassed with long auâ—â—es or beardes 5. Gramen Echinatum aquaticum majus The greater prickly headed water Grasse The stalke of this Grasse riseth up two or three spannes above the water in the ditches where it groweth with divers long and narrow leaves beating at the toppes of the stalkes divers small prickely heads with long leaves at them the rootes thrust deepe in the mudde 6. Gramen echinatum aquaticum minus The lesser prickely headed water Grasse This other Grasse is like to the last both in the leaves and prickely heads but smaller and have no leaves standing with them as the former hath 1. Gramen aquaticum majus Great Water Reede 2. Gramen Arundinaceum aquaticum Great Water Reede grasse 7. Gramen aquaticum spicatum Spiked Water Grasse 8. Gramen flaviatile Hoare Grasse 9 Gramen aquaticum alterum An other Water Grasse 11. Gramen bulbosum aquaticum The Water bulbed Grasse 7. Gramen aquaticum spicatum Spiked Water Grasse The Water spiked Grasse hath sundry weake stalkes leaning every way full of joynts which are somewhat knobby or round taking roote againe in divers places having long and narrow leaves upon them which lye floting upon and under the Water that part that groweth up hath some leaves likewise thereon and a long slender browne spiked head at the toppe the roote busheth thicke in the mudde with many strings and fibres thereat 8. Gramen fluviatile Flote Grasse The Flote grasse groweth in the very like manner to the last with leaning stalkes and rooting at the joynts but hath more store of leaves on them the toppes being furnished with sundry spiked heads two or three together at a joynt upwards 9. Gramen aquaticum alterum Another Water or Burre Grasse The leaves of this Grasse are long smooth and tender among which riseth up a stalke about halfe a yard high with a few leaves set thereon and at the toppe a many small rough heads like burres 10. Gramen Fluviatile cornutum Horned Flote grasse This strange Grasse hath a very slender stalke about two foote high joynted at sundry places and two small Rushy leaves for the most part set at each of them growing somewhat broad and compassing it at the bottome with a large skinne from whence also rise one or two stalkes ending in a skinny head which hath at the end of them three or foure very narrow leaves turning downewards and seeming like hornes the roote is small and threddy 11. Gramen bulbosum aquaticum The Water bulbed Grasse This Grasse hath an ovall bulbed roote spotted with yellow markes and white within not having any sent or taste from whence springeth up betweene two eares as it were a small stalke about two inches long with another longer peece thereon at the toppe whereof thrusteth forth divers fibres and from them divers long and broad leaves but what stalke or flower it bore we are yet to learne being thus much onely brought and thereby described The Place and Time The two first doe grow in ponds and lakes in sundry places as well of this Land as of others The third in the watery places about Padoa and in Hassia also The fourth in the waters about Michelfield by Bassill The fifth sixth seventh eighth and ninth in watery ditches and ponds in divers parts of the land The last in the Lakes neere Mompelier and doe all flowrish in the Summer time The Names The first is the Gramen aquaticum harundinaceum paniculatum of Tabermontanus The second the Gramen majus aquaticum of Lobel The third and fourth are called by Bauhinus Gramen palustre c. but I have set them both under the title of aquaticum The fifth and sixth are not mentioned by any before The seventh is so called by Lobel as it is in the title The next hee calleth Gramen anqis innatans The ninth is called by Lobel Gramen aquaticum alterum The last is so called by Bauhinus as it is in the title The Vertues Most of these Grasses will Horses eate of although we know not any use they have for any humane griefe CHAP. XLI Lythoxylon sive lignum Lapideum Stone wood or Wood made Stone LET me yet adde this Wood made Stone in the end Lythoxylon sive lignum lapideum Stone Wood. of these fresh Water plants seeing diverse waters in this Kingdome as well as others have that property that what wood soever greater or lesser wrought or unwrought by letting it abide in the water in the Sommer time or Spring for some time according as the thicknesse will give time to penetrate it the branches of trees and greene herbes yea leather gloves and many other have beene metamorphosed into stone keeping that forme it held before it was put in by the chilling quality of the water CHAP. XLII Gramina maritima Sea Grasses THe Sea Grasses as I said before are fittest to be joyned next unto the former Water Grasses that after these I may shew you the rest of the plants that grow in or neere the Sea or within the aire or breath thereof which are properly called Maritime plants 1. Gramen Caninum geniculatum maritimum spicatum Sea spiked Dogs grasse or Quich grasse This Sea Grasse hath divers joynted stalkes about a foote high with hard leaves thereon a spanne long and like the other quich grasse the spiked heads are shorter by much and harder then the common kinde the roote is full of joynts and creepeth under ground like it 1. Gramen Caninum geniculatum maritimum spicatum Sea spiked Dogs grasse or Quich grasse 3. Gramen Caninum maritimum alterum longius radicatum Sea Dogs grasse with longer rootes 4. Gramen Caninum maritimum spicatum Monspeliense Sea spike grasse of Mompelier 5. Gramen Caninum maritimum asperum Rough Sea Grasse 2. Gramen maritimum vulgato Canario simile Sea Quich grasse This other Sea grasse is a slenderer harder and lancker Grasse then the ordinary quich grasse and of a more blewish greene colour and differeth not in any thing else But there are two other differing sorts hereof observed the one in the rootes which at the severall joynts as it runneth doth shoote up the like stalkes leaves and spiked tufts and will be sometimes twenty foote in length with a number of those tufts of stalkes and leaves at them the other in
of sundry fishes being a soft herbe composed wholly of woolly white haires without any branch or stalke and is oftner found white then reddish or gray but is not greene There is another small sort hereof found growing on the stones by the Sea side as also sometimes upon wood and is likewise sometimes cast up by the Sea on the shore among the Alga of divers sorts growing somewhat like the former or ground Mosse but that it is white and tasteth a little saltish and binding 2. Muscus marinus Neapolitanus Sea Mosse of Naples This Sea Mosse likewise groweth unto some rocke or stone rising with a stalke more then foure inches high 1. Muscus marinus capillaceus Dioscoridis alter parvum Venetâ— The soft Sea Mosse and another small sort from the Venetian shore 2. Muscus marinus Neapolitanus Sea Mosse of Naples 3. Muscus marinus seu Alga tinctoria Dying red Sea Mosse 4. Muscus marinus vireus Fâ—niculaceus Short Fennell like Sea Mosse 5. Muscus marinus Ferulaceus Long Fennell like Sea Mosse 6. Muscus marinus Abrotonoides Southernewood like Sea Mosse 7. Muscus marinus argenteus plumiâ—ormis The silver like Sea Feather 8. Muscus marinus Venetus Costiradice effâ—gie The long close Sea Mosse of Venice 9. Penna aurea marina The goulden Sea Feather with sundry branches on both sides and they againe divided into lesser all of them plentifully stored with very fine leaves as small as Camomill leaves or finer then they if any other be finer soft in handling at the first easie to be bended and transparent if they be interposed to the light greene below at the lower part and purplish above this is not so brittle as Coâ—lline when it is dryed and groweth more rough by the drynesse although it may well be referred unto some kinde thereof and retaineth a very salt taste with it but being put into water oâ— a while steeped therein it will grow soft againe 3. Muscus maritimus tinctorius sive Alga tinctoria Lugdunensis Dying red Sea Mosse This small red Sea Mosse is somewhat like the last but with more store of soft stalkes and fewer branches and with as fine small leaves on them like unto Fennell of a reddish colour but with some whitenesse mixed together this is used by divers to strike a deepe crimson or reddish purple colour which will last long 4. Muscus marinus vireus Fâ—eniculaceus Short Fennell like Sea Mosse This short Fennell like Mosse groweth up from blackish round and fibrous rootes with divers fine short leaves like Fennell of an herby or greene colour among which an herby stalke riseth also with such like leaves on it and having sundry swolne eminences thereon 5. Muscus marinus Ferulaceus Long Fennell like Sea Mosse The leaves hereof are very long and fine like unto the Ferula or Fennell giant growing from stalkes neere a foote long divided into branches this springeth from Rockes or the like 6. Muscus marinus Abrotonoides The Southernewood like Sea Mosse This also riseth up from the Rockes with thicke stalkes and branches with fine cut leaves on them somewhat like unto Southernewood but much bigger and of a brownish red colour 7. Muscus marinus argenteus pluâ—formis The silver like Sea Feather This most beautifull Mosse groweth on the Rockes in the Sea upon the dry shels of Fishes and is also often found wrapped amongst the wrake or Sea weede cast upon the shore growing up as the figure sheweth into many particular parts or branches made as it were all of haires like other Mosses but verily representing severall sprigs of Feathers of so pure a white silverlike colour that it is to be wondered at that any Sea Mosse should become so white by nature or made by Art the property whereof is to waste the Spleene applyed with Vinegar it quickly also dissolveth the scrophules or kernels in the throate or elsewhere it helpeth the Dropsie in that it doth abundantly provoke urine it clenseth likewise the reignes and gravell or stones engendred in the kidneyes if a dramme of it in pouther be taken in the distilled water of Erysimum Hedge Mustard or Sea Holly with an equall proportion of the juice of Lemmons 8. Muscus marinus Venetus Costi Inditiradicis effigie The Venetian Costus like Mosse This Venetian Mosse groweth on rockes in the Sea which by the often agitation of the water is broken from it and carryed to the shore not having any roote but being made as it were of a tuft of small stickes set together and being dry resembleth the roote of Costus Indâ—eus but whiter and being moistened againe openeth it selfe into the forme aforesaid and as it is expressed in the figure it is very salt and full of it like sand 9. Penna marina aurea The goulden Sea Feather This Sea plant that for the beauty and excellency thereof doth worthily deserve his name although sent thus maiâ—ed as it were being but a peece as it is likely of what it was when it grew yet such as it is I here offer to your view being of a most shining gold colour both stalke and leaves which very neately resembleth the Spartum Austriacum of Clusius which we call the Feather grasse The Place and Time Their places are all declared by their titles to be the stones on the shore or Rockes in the Sea and the shells of fishes c. whereon many of them breede and but few spring out of the ground as the fourth doth some in other Countries and some on our owne causâ—â— and perish not in Winter or Summer The Names The Greekes call it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Muscus marinus in Latine yet some promiscuously call these Fucus marinus as well as Muscus but Dioscorides distinguisheth betweene them entreating of them in two sundry Chapters and although Pliny be inconstant herein making Mosse sometimes an herbe sometimes a shrubbe and sometimes confounding both Muscus and Fucus together The first of both sorts is mentioned by Antonio Donati in his herbation of the I le of Leo of the Venetians and is also the Muscus marinus of Dioscorides according to Constantinus his more exact consideration as Lugdunensis doth relate it and the Fucus capillaceo folio of Theophrastus as it is thought The second is Clusius his Muscus marinus which he received from Imperatus of Naples and sent by the name of Palmula marina but nothing agreeing with that of Theophrastus The third is the Fucus sive Alga tinctoria of Lugdunensis The fourth is the Muscus marinus viteus which Casalpinus calleth Muscus marinus herbaceus mollier The fifth the Fucus Ferulaceus of Lobel The sixth is his Fucus marinus folijs Abrotani maris whom Lugdunensis followeth calling it Muscus marinus folijs Abrotani The seventh and the last are so called by Donatus as their titles declare them and the eighth is mentioned by Pona in his Italian Baldus The Arabians call the Sea Mosse Thahaleb and Thaleb the Italians Mosco marinio the Spaniards Malhoquiana yerva the
grounds in Kent not farre from the Thames and flourish when others doe The Names Each of these hath the name in the title that Bauhinus in his Prodromus doth call them by or with very little varietie which is according to Lobels intention The Vertues We know of no use that these are put to in Physicke and therefore we can say no more of them CHAP. II. Lolium Gramen loliaceum Darnell and Darnell-Grasse BEcause the spiked head of Darnell doth somewhat resemble the spikes of some of the former I thought it meete to joyne it and the former 1. Lolium album White Darnell The Darnell it selfe hath all the Winter long sundry long fat and rough leaves which when the stalke riseth which is â—ender and joynted are narrower but rough still on the toppe groweth a long spike composed of many heads set out above another containing two or three huskes with sharpe but short beardes or awnes at the ends the seede is easily shaked out of the eare the huske it selfe being somewhat tough 2. Lolium rubrum sive Phaenix Red Darnell The leaves hereof are shorter and narrower than of Barly the stalkes are reddish sometimes halfe a foote high with reddish joynts also the spike is very like the former but smaller and shorter and sometimes reddish also especially in the drier grounds 3. Lolium alterum avenacea gluma Another Darnell with Oaten toppes This differeth little from the first in rootes leaves or stalkes but somewhat higher onely the toppes hereof differ in that the severall heades are more like to winged Oaten heades with sharpe pointes set on slender foote 〈◊〉 4. Phoenix simplici rarissima gluma The smallest single Darnell-Grasse This is very like the red Darnell but that it hath very few slenderer and shorter stalkes than it and the leaves also narrower the spiked head hath a few single huskes set very sparsedly thereon 5. Phoenix altera brevioribus densioribusque spicis The greater single Darnell-Grasse The leaves and rootes hereof are like the red Darnell the stalkes grow two cubits high joynted and straked the spike is thinly set with chaffie heades but they are bigger rounder and thicker 6. Phoenix acerosa acâ—â—â—ata Small prickly Darnell-Grasse The stalkes hereof are five or sixe inches high being rough hard full of joynts pointed or prickly at the ends and with a few short leaves on them and with all have small short rough and chaffie like tongues sharpe at the ends set at the joynts the rootes are small white threads or fibres 7. Phoenix multiplici spicata panicula Branched Darnell-Grasse This hath slender joynted stalkes a cubite or more high and narrow leaves the spiked head is as it were branched into others and herein consisteth the chiefest difference 8. Phoenix multiplici spica nutante Double Darnell-Grasse with a bowing toppe This differeth little or nothing from the last but in the spiked heades which are thicker set together and the toppes of them bow downe or turne a little round 9. Phoenix palustris longius spicata Branched Marsh Darnell-Grasse This Darnell-Grasse from a creeping white joynted roote with many fibres thereat shooteth forth two or three joynted stalkes two foote high at the least the spiked head is a foote long branched as the seventh is each branch of a fingers lengh with winged huskes like unto Oates The Place and Time All these grow either in the fieldes of corne or in the borders and path-wayes of other fieldes that are fallow 1. Lolium album VVhite Darnell 2. Phoenix sive Lolium rubrum Red Darnell 3. 5. Lolium alterum avâ—nacea gluma altera brevioribus folijs Darnell with Oaten toppes and the greater single Darnell-Grasse 6. Phoenix acerosa aculeata Small prickly Darnell-Grasse 7.8.9 Phoenix multiplici spicata panicula longius spicata The two sorts of branched Darnell-Grasse and the double kinde with a double toppe and the last sometimes in marsh and wet groundes as well as in the edges of plowed groundes Virgil calleth it Infaelix Lolium because of the harme it did the fieldes The Names Darnell is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greeke by most Greeke Authors yet 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by some and Lolium in Latine yet Pliny calleth it Aera as well as Lolium and of some Triticum temulentum and by Lonicerus Triticum fatuum it is called also Zizania from the Arabians that so call it the Italians call it Gioglio and Loglio the Spaniards Yaio and Zizania the French Ivraye the Germans Rueweyssen the Dutch Lulch and we in English Rye and Darnell the second is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Phoenix by Dioscorides and so divers authors doe call it in Latine a seminis colore phoeniceo others call it Lolium rubrum to distinguish it from the former called Lolium album Dodonaeus from Pliny calleth it Hordeum murinum and thereupon the Germans call it Muiss Korn Bauhinus calleth it Gramen Loliaceum All the rest are entituled according to Lobel his intended illustrations and are some of them mentioned by Bauhinus in his Pinax and Prodromus The Vertues Common Darnell as Galen saith is held to be hot in the beginning of the third degree and drie in the end of the second it thereby attenuateth resolveth and cleanseth it troubleth the braine and sences procuring troublesome dreames if the seedes happen into bread and if the seede happen into drinke it will cause a kinde of giddy drunkennesse the meale of Darnell is very good to stay gangreenes and other such like fretting and eating cankers and putrid sores it also clenseth the skinne of all lepryes morphewes ringwormes and the like if it be used with salt and raddish rootes and being used with quicke brimstone and vinegar it dissolveth knots and kernells and breaketh those that are hard to be dissolved being boiled in wine with Pigeons dung and Linseede and is profitable for the Sciatica if it be bathed in the decoction thereof made with water and hony it is likewise thought to helpe conception if a woman be perfumed with it and the meale of Barly Myrrhe and Francumsense yet Cornarius thinketh Darnell is unprofitable to be used in suffumigations and therefore addeth the Myrrhe and Francumsence to the decoction for the Sciatica Darnell meale applied in a pultis draweth forth splinters and broken bones in the flesh if the seede be cast into the fire it will cause such a manner of smoake that it will make all that are in the roome to fall a coughing and willingly to depart to be eased of the smoake the red Darnell boiled in red wine staieth the laske and all other fluxes and womens bloody issues and restraineth urine when it passeth too suddenly from one Some doe hold that if it be bound unto a woman being put in a crimson leather or a scarlet cloath it will stay the abundance of the courses Ovid sheweth by this verse Et careant lolijs oculis vitiantibus agri that it was accounted to be hurtfull to
beene of many yeares knowledge and brought us from the Canary Ilands with those small sweete singing birds which wee call Canary Birds whose foode these seedes are Lobel saith it groweth also in Provence of France Bauhinus saith that the second came out of Malta where those birdes feede on it They all are ripe with us in August The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine also Phalaris and so by all Writers yet Dalechampius on Pliny taketh it to bâ—â— the Milium alterum of Theophrastus and is oftentime used in stead of Milium being of so neere agreement in quality that there is not a neerer succed meum and is called in the Canary Islands Alpisti by the people there and 〈◊〉 in Malta as Lugdunensis saith who reserveth that name to both the former sorts although Bauhinus referreth it onely to the second The last is not mentioned by any before The Vertues Canary seede is in some places and Islands made into bread but it hath as little nourishment therein as Millet or rather lesser and therefore to mend it some put to it wheate that the bread may be the faster which else would be too brittle and dry The juyce of the her be being drunke is very profitably used to ease the tormenting paines of the Stone the stoppings of vrine and the diseases of the bladder and the scumme also is of the like property as Galen saith it is as I said the neerest substitute for Millet in any cataplasme or fomentation that is used to drye and represse the fluxibility of humours CHAP. XV. Gramen Phalarvides Bastard Canary Grasse OF this bastard kinde we have divers sorts to offer to your view and consideration as they shall bee severally described some of them are most like unto the true Phalaris bearing but one spike or head on a stalke which shall be declared in this Chapter and there are some other kindes that beare many small heads in a tuft called Phalaris prateâ—it and we in English Quakers and Quaking grasse which shall be shewed in the next because of their differing forme and use 1. Gramen Phalaroides majus The greater bastard County grasse This greater sort is very like the true Phalaris both in stalke leafe and head but that first this is found growing wilde by the way sides in the Medowes of our owne Country and then the stalkes are single with fewer leaves on them and lastly the head or eare is smaller hoary softer Gremiâ— Phalaroides quatuâ—r species The foure sorts of bastard Canary Grasse and the roote likewise is smaller and fibrous perishing yearely 2. Gramen Phalaroides minus The lesser Bastard Canary grasse This is in all things like the former but that the eare of head is smaller and longer and the leaves doe so compasse the stalke at the bottome that it seemeth to runne through it as through a truncke 3. Gramen Phalaroides spica molli Germanicum Bastard Canary grasse of Germany The stalke of this is of a cubits height somewhat bigger then the last with a joynt or two thereon and short leaves at them compassing it at the lower end the head is shorter and smaller then the last of a shining ashe colour and soft in handling 4. Gramen bastarâ—ides spica â—irsutiore More hairy bastard Canary grasse This is somewhat like the last but 〈◊〉 more store of leaves and stalkes rising from the roote which is living and the spiked head is longer narrower and set with short haires The Place and Time The first as I said groweth in our fields as well as in other Countries The second in Spaine The third in Germany about Vlmes And the last by the pathes going through many fields in this country and flourish in Iuly The Names Lobel calleth the first sort here Gramen Phalaroides secundum but in Gerard Gramen Alopecuroidas majus Bauhinus calleth it Gramen Phalaroides majus siâ—e Italicum the other two are called by Bauhinus according to their titles and saith withall that the learned about Vlmes where it is frequent doe call it Onocordon from the colour of it The last is not mentioned by any before that I know The Vertues These being very like unto the true Phalaris may come as neere in vertue to the former as they doe in face but yet wee have no certainty thereof CHAP. XVI Phalaris pratensis sive Gramen tremulum Quakers or Maiden haire grasse BEcause as I said these kindes of Grasses doe differ in their forme from the other it was fittest to separate them and joyne the most likely in a Chapter together 1. Phalaris pratensis major 〈◊〉 Gramen trimalâ—â— maximum The greatest Quaking grasse of Lovely grasse This greater kinde hath many narrow Grasslike leaves both below and upon the joynted stalkes which are a foote high and better on the toppes of the stalkes 1 2. Phalaris pratensis sive Gromen tremulum maximum medium ejus varietates The greatest Quacking grasse or Maidenhaire grasse with the varieties 〈◊〉 a number of small flat and long somewhat scaly heads greater then the next and each of these are on a fine hairy footestalke and pendulouâ— which are sometimes of a whitish colour when they are ripe and sometimes of a brownish green colour being shaken with any the least winde that may be 2. Gramen tremulum medium Maiden haire grasse or the lesser quaking grasse This lesser sort groweth somewhat like the former with fewer leaves and stalkes and a large panickle or tufted head of greener shorter and rounder scaly pointed eares standing on smaller or finer footestalkes then the former which are in so continuall motion Hispanicum alterum â—acidum Anglica duo altera that the most steddy hand cannot hold them from stirring Of this kinde Boel brought us another out of Spaine somewhat greater then it and of an obsure or sullen â—ooty colour in nothing else differing We have also two other sorts hereof growing in Vpland Cornefieldes as at Hatfield c. on the grassie balkes there â—â—de â—ering in leaves or stalkes from the last the heads onely are a little lesser and so is the whole panickle also the one where of is party coloured of purplish and greene the other of straw colour and white 3. Gramen tremulum minus panicula parva Small Quaking grasse The rootes hereof are reddish creeping here and there from whence rise two or three short stalkes with few joynts and smooth narrow greene leaves at them as the many that grow below are but out of the uppermost joynt and the leafe as it were out of a hose breaketh forth a small long single spike of small scaly heads of a brownish colour with yellowish bloomings at their season which is the Spring Of this kinde there is another found in Gascoigne Alterum whose panickle is more branched somewhat like the second kind but standing closer together 4. Gramen Phalaroides minus supinum Danicum Lobelij Low Quakers of Denmarke This Grasse groweth low lying or