the_o first_o year_n and_o shall_v be_v thus_o order_v viz._n stretch_v a_o line_n from_o one_o end_n to_o the_o other_o where_o the_o hedge_n be_v to_o be_v make_v and_o set_v the_o tree_n straight_o at_o the_o distance_n aforesaid_a afterward_o knock_v down_o a_o stake_n betwixt_o each_o tree_n then_o have_v straight_o long_a rod_n or_o pole_n of_o ash_n or_o the_o like_a tie_v a_o row_n of_o they_o from_o one_o end_n to_o the_o other_o about_o a_o foot_n from_o the_o ground_n fast_o to_o the_o stake_n with_o osier_n or_o such_o like_a or_o else_o nail_v they_o which_o be_v better_o and_o another_o row_n of_o rod_n a_o foot_n above_o they_o and_o so_o a_o three_o if_o need_v be_v according_a to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o young_a plant_n have_v thus_o do_v spread_v and_o tie_v the_o branch_n of_o the_o twig_n of_o the_o tree_n in_o order_n to_o the_o pole_n but_o not_o too_o hard_a and_o draw_v and_o fasten_v some_o of_o they_o down_o close_o to_o the_o ground_n that_o so_o there_o 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every_o tree_n a_o cherrytree_n plum-tree_n or_o codling-tree_n which_o may_v grow_v up_o and_o bear_v with_o the_o other_o tree_n many_o year_n and_o never_o reach_v or_o prejudice_n they_o but_o will_v decay_v before_o the_o other_o be_v at_o full_a growth_n or_o you_o may_v set_v a_o young_a appletree_n or_o pear-tree_n betwixt_o every_o two_o of_o your_o standard_n that_o you_o set_v in_o the_o orchard_n and_o nurse_v it_o up_o with_o necessary_a dress_n and_o prune_v seven_o or_o eight_o year_n or_o less_o time_n to_o transplant_v into_o field_n or_o pasture-land_n where_o cattle_n feed_v whereby_o with_o little_a help_n it_o will_v not_o be_v in_o such_o danger_n of_o hurt_n from_o cattle_n as_o small_a one_o will_v and_o bear_v fruit_n soon_o after_o it_o be_v set_v and_o you_o can_v let_v they_o grow_v so_o long_o in_o your_o nursery_n without_o gall_v fret_a or_o hurt_v one_o another_o unless_o when_o you_o remove_v tree_n out_o of_o your_o nursery_n you_o take_v care_n to_o 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deep_a and_o a_o fat_a earth_n not_o a_o stiff_a cold_a clay_n or_o bind_v gravel_n nor_o a_o light_n sandy_a esky_a or_o hollow_a earth_n yet_o with_o good_a husbandry_n if_o it_o run_v not_o into_o the_o extreme_n of_o any_o of_o these_o fruit-tree_n may_v prosper_v reasonable_o well_o in_o it_o §_o 2._o the_o natural_a soil_n for_o a_o orchard_n be_v more_o to_o be_v respect_v than_o a_o garden_n for_o the_o garden_n fruit-tree_n and_o what_o else_o grow_v there_o root_v little_o deep_o than_o it_o may_v be_v easy_o manure_v but_o pear-tree_n and_o appletree_n in_o orchard_n shall_v grow_v to_o be_v large_a tree_n and_o therefore_o send_v forth_o root_n broad_a and_o deep_a so_o that_o it_o transcend_v all_o cost_n and_o pain_n to_o enrich_v the_o ground_n for_o they_o as_o far_o as_o the_o root_n every_o way_n reach_v §_o 3._o but_o they_o that_o be_v seat_v or_o fix_v in_o any_o place_n and_o can_v convenient_o change_v their_o habitation_n must_v be_v content_a with_o their_o own_o and_o if_o any_o defect_n or_o disadvantage_n be_v in_o it_o it_o may_v be_v it_o have_v some_o advantage_n that_o another_o want_n if_o it_o lie_v to_o the_o north_n the_o tree_n bud_n and_o blossom_n the_o late_a and_o many_o time_n the_o fruit_n thereby_o succeed_v the_o better_a and_o be_v free_a from_o the_o injurious_a south-wind_n in_o the_o autumnal_a season_n §_o 4._o if_o it_o lie_v to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v not_o only_o the_o advantage_n of_o be_v late_a bud_v and_o blow_v because_o of_o the_o cold_a easterly_a wind_n in_o the_o spring_n but_o the_o fruit_n ripen_v the_o better_a the_o morning_n sun_n in_o the_o summer_n be_v by_o much_o the_o best_a and_o the_o fruit_n free_v from_o the_o western_a wind_n which_o with_o the_o south_n be_v the_o worst_a §_o 5._o if_o your_o land_n be_v on_o a_o dry_a or_o rise_a ground_n you_o may_v plant_v they_o the_o thick_a which_o will_v cover_v and_o shade_v the_o ground_n the_o soon_o and_o make_v they_o bear_v the_o better_a the_o fruit_n will_v also_o yield_v a_o more_o vinous_a liquor_n §_o 6._o if_o your_o ground_n lie_v in_o a_o cold_a moist_a vale_n the_o soon_o may_v you_o raise_v a_o natural_a fence_n about_o it_o to_o defend_v your_o tree_n from_o cold_a wind_n and_o stiff_a gust_n which_o diverse_o annoy_v your_o tree_n and_o fruit_n and_o i_o once_o know_v a_o person_n that_o have_v a_o cold_a moist_a flat_a springey_a plot_n of_o ground_n who_o cause_v double_a ditch_n to_o be_v make_v therein_o at_o ten_o yard_n distance_n each_o from_o other_o and_o about_o a_o ell_n high_a upon_o these_o ditch_n he_o plant_v appletree_n each_o ten_o yard_n distant_a from_o another_o which_o tree_n do_v grow_v prosper_v and_o bear_v exceed_v well_o §_o 7._o but_o if_o you_o have_v liberty_n to_o choose_v what_o land_n you_o will_v for_o plant_v of_o fruit-tree_n observe_v the_o direction_n give_v in_o the_o first_o section_n of_o this_o chap._n and_o choose_v a_o warm_a light_a rye-land_n or_o either_o a_o black_a or_o brown_a mould_n if_o with_o a_o mixture_n of_o sand_n so_o much_o the_o better_a but_o the_o heavy_a cold_a and_o moist_a wheatland_n be_v not_o so_o good_a §_o 8._o if_o the_o ground_n be_v very_o light_a and_o rich_a of_o it_o self_n or_o so_o make_v by_o improvement_n several_a sort_n of_o appletree_n especial_o the_o pippin_n will_v be_v so_o apt_a to_o canker_n that_o they_o will_v scarce_o ever_o be_v large_a tree_n therefore_o a_o firm_a and_o strong_a land_n be_v best_o for_o winter_n or_o long_a last_a fruit_n but_o for_o summer-fruit_n land_n can_v be_v too_o light_a the_o more_o it_o incline_v to_o redness_n the_o better_a ground_n how_o to_o qualify_v the_o ground_n §_o 9_o if_o
of_o the_o rest_n whether_o they_o do_v or_o no_o if_o you_o reserve_v any_o for_o this_o use_n you_o have_v best_o choose_v such_o as_o grow_v straight_o and_o at_o convenient_a distance_n one_o from_o another_o which_o you_o may_v contrive_v to_o do_v in_o draw_v out_o the_o first_o two_o year_n such_o as_o be_v of_o stature_n to_o be_v transplant_v from_o among_o they_o dress_v these_o once_o or_o twice_o a_o year_n by_o cut_v off_o the_o big_a side-branche_n to_o hasten_v their_o grow_a tall_a but_o leave_v on_o the_o top_n and_o some_o small_a side-branche_n for_o this_o cause_v they_o to_o thrive_v in_o bigness_n the_o more_o which_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v proportionable_a to_o their_o height_n or_o else_o they_o will_v be_v too_o weak_a to_o bear_v a_o top_n observe_v this_o also_o in_o your_o graft_a tree_n in_o your_o nursery_n or_o elsewhere_o kind_n graft_n must_v not_o be_v graft_v on_o different_a kind_n §_o 10._o all_o stock_n and_o cyens_n or_o graft_n that_o prosper_v when_o they_o be_v joint_v together_o be_v congenerous_a or_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o near_o relate_v in_o some_o degree_n therefore_o cherry-graft_n or_o cyens_n graft_v or_o inoculate_v on_o plum-stock_n will_v not_o prosper_v long_o nor_o plum-graft_n on_o cherry-stock_n neither_o do_v apple-graft_n on_o pear-stock_n nor_o pear-graft_n on_o apple_n or_o crab-stock_n neither_o will_v a_o apple_n cyens_fw-fr grow_v graft_v upon_o a_o sallow_a poplar_n alder_n elm_n or_o horse-plum_n of_o apple-seed_n etc._n etc._n will_v not_o produce_v the_o same_o kind_n of_o apple_n etc._n etc._n they_o be_v have_v out_o of_o seed_n or_o stone_n of_o fruit_n gather_v from_o tree_n that_o have_v be_v graft_v or_o inoculate_v on_o stock_n of_o different_a kind_n from_o the_o graft_n or_o cyens_n produce_v of_o themselves_o not_o be_v graft_v or_o inoculate_v not_o the_o same_o fruit_n as_o that_o be_v from_o whence_o the_o seed_n or_o stone_n come_v but_o a_o different_a and_o most_o common_o a_o far_o worse_a fruit_n and_o as_o concern_v the_o seed_n of_o apple_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o although_o they_o produce_v not_o tree_n bear_v the_o same_o kind_n of_o apple_n as_o those_o the_o seed_n be_v have_v of_o yet_o without_o graft_v they_o will_v bring_v forth_o a_o good_a harsh_a fruit_n that_o may_v yield_v good_a cider_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v say_v we_o come_v by_o some_o of_o our_o best_a cyder-apple_n neither_o be_v some_o sort_n of_o crab_n so_o contemptible_a a_o fruit_n as_o they_o be_v general_o account_v for_o be_v gather_v very_o ripe_a and_o keep_v a_o good_a while_n to_o mellow_v some_o of_o they_o will_v make_v good_a cider_n or_o ground_n with_o other_o mellow_a fruit_n do_v much_o enrich_v the_o cider_n and_o be_v the_o best_a refiner_n of_o foul_a cider_n and_o general_o crab_n yield_v a_o strong_a liquor_n so_o that_o such_o kind_n of_o crab-stock_n may_v rather_o help_v to_o mend_v some_o apple_n of_o weak_a juice_n than_o make_v they_o worse_o and_o this_o inconvenience_n be_v always_o find_v in_o tree_n come_v of_o seed_n and_o not_o graft_v or_o inoculate_v that_o they_o be_v very_o long_o before_o they_o bear_v fruit_n whereas_o stock_n graft_v or_o inoculate_v from_o tree_n which_o experience_n assure_v be_v of_o good_a bear_v kind_n and_o fruit_n common_o bear_v well_o in_o three_o or_o four_o year_n and_o so_o continue_v if_o you_o will_v have_v some_o tree_n raise_v of_o the_o seed_n of_o apple-kernel_n view_v your_o seminary_n about_o michaelmas_n and_o see_v which_o of_o your_o seedling_n have_v produce_v the_o broad_a fair_a and_o large_a leaf_n and_o shoot_v and_o those_o elect_v for_o your_o tree_n to_o be_v set_v without_o graft_v for_o it_o be_v common_o observe_v that_o those_o seed-plant_n or_o tree_n that_o have_v very_o large_a fair_a and_o broad_a leave_n bear_v the_o fair_a and_o large_a fruit._n fruit._n mere_a graft_v better_v not_o fruit._n §_o 12._o mere_a graft_v do_v not_o meliorate_v the_o fruit_n at_o all_o as_o if_o you_o graft_v a_o cyen_v upon_o the_o same_o tree_n you_o take_v it_o from_o the_o fruit_n will_v be_v the_o very_a same_o without_o the_o least_o alteration_n from_o what_o the_o tree_n bear_v before_o it_o be_v so_o graft_v but_o fruit_n may_v something_o participate_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o stock_n wherein_o it_o be_v graft_v so_o as_o to_o be_v make_v by_o it_o either_o better_a or_o worse_o as_o if_o you_o graft_v a_o very_a sour_a apple_n cyen_v upon_o a_o sweet_a apple_n tree_n the_o fruit_n will_v be_v something_o better_a so_o a_o sweet_a apple_n cyen_n graft_v on_o a_o very_a harsh_a four_o crab-stock_n have_v produce_v a_o better_a fruit_n than_o the_o tree_n from_o whence_o the_o apple-graft_a be_v have_v so_o a_o pear-cyen_a graft_v on_o a_o quince-stock_n have_v mend_v the_o pear_n and_o though_o the_o graft_n do_v keep_v its_o own_o nature_n and_o mighty_o predominate_v on_o what_o stock_n soever_o it_o be_v graft_v yet_o such_o a_o union_n as_o that_o of_o the_o stock_n and_o the_o graft_n in_o natural_a body_n be_v hardly_o conceivable_a without_o some_o commixture_n of_o their_o nature_n and_o there_o be_v some_o reason_n from_o experience_n which_o make_v this_o more_o than_o probable_a as_o i._o the_o seed_n of_o a_o graft_a tree_n take_v much_o after_o the_o stock_n and_o it_o be_v something_o strange_a to_o conceive_v the_o kernel_n shall_v participate_v so_o much_o of_o the_o stock_n and_o the_o fruit_n be_v nothing_o influence_v by_o it_o ii_o those_o that_o produce_v the_o best_a fruit_n by_o their_o stone_n or_o seed_n yet_o vary_v from_o the_o fruit_n the_o seed_n or_o stone_n be_v take_v out_o of_o which_o in_o all_o likelihood_n proceed_v from_o the_o mixture_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o stock_n and_o cyen_v in_o that_o tree_n the_o stone_n come_v from_o iii_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o among_o tree_n of_o one_o kind_n in_o the_o same_o orchard_n you_o shall_v have_v some_o one_o of_o they_o bear_v better_a fruit_n than_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n sometime_o and_o it_o be_v not_o know_v what_o to_o impute_v this_o excellency_n more_o probable_o to_o than_o that_o the_o stock_n they_o be_v graft_v on_o may_v be_v crabtree_n that_o bear_v crab_n of_o several_a kind_n some_o better_a some_o worse_a so_o that_o to_o conclude_v it_o can_v be_v amiss_o to_o be_v so_o far_o curious_a about_o the_o stock_n you_o graft_v as_o rather_o to_o choose_v such_o seed_n and_o stone_n to_o raise_v they_o from_o as_o come_v from_o tree_n that_o bear_v the_o best_a fruit_n in_o their_o kind_n if_o you_o can_v have_v they_o than_o to_o take_v they_o at_o adventure_n which_o make_v some_o choose_v seed_n out_o of_o fair_a large_a juicy_a crab_n to_o raise_v stock_n to_o graft_v some_o delicate_a apple-graft_n on_o tree_n concern_v the_o pith_n of_o a_o tree_n §_o 13._o it_o be_v hold_v by_o some_o that_o the_o kernel_n of_o the_o fruit_n have_v a_o great_a dependence_n upon_o and_o sympathy_n with_o the_o pith_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o that_o hollow_a tree_n though_o they_o grow_v and_o bear_v fruit_n yet_o that_o fruit_n have_v few_o kernel_n in_o it_o and_o those_o little_a better_o than_o wither_a husk_n and_o experience_n evidence_n that_o there_o be_v some_o hollow_a fruit-tree_n that_o bear_v fruit_n so_o much_o more_o excellent_a than_o any_o of_o the_o same_o kind_a the_o owner_n have_v have_v or_o can_v elsewhere_o meet_v with_o that_o they_o have_v be_v very_o desirous_a to_o propagate_v from_o they_o but_o never_o can_v any_o manner_n of_o way_n raise_v young_a one_o of_o those_o old_a tree_n that_o will_v bear_v so_o good_a a_o fruit_n as_o the_o old_a tree_n which_o seem_v to_o intimate_v that_o the_o fruit_n of_o a_o tree_n may_v be_v the_o better_a for_o the_o pith_n be_v consume_v and_o if_o that_o be_v true_a as_o it_o must_v be_v so_o because_o the_o pith_n convey_v to_o the_o fruit_n a_o worse_a sort_n of_o juice_n than_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o tree_n do_v and_o therefore_o be_v free_v from_o that_o infection_n by_o the_o consumption_n of_o the_o pith_n the_o fruit_n become_v more_o choice_n and_o delicate_a and_o that_o the_o pith_n be_v the_o conveyance_n of_o a_o courser_n or_o other_o sort_n of_o juice_n be_v render_v in_o some_o sort_n probable_a because_o as_o have_v be_v before_o observe_v the_o kernel_n of_o fruit_n depend_v much_o upon_o the_o pith_n which_o almost_o never_o produce_v such_o good_a fruit_n as_o the_o seed_n or_o stone_n come_v out_o of_o but_o general_o much_o worse_a tree_n reasins_z why_o every_o one_o ought_v to_o graft_v plant_n and_o raise_v his_o own_o tree_n §_o 14._o because_o most_o man_n be_v through_o ignorance_n indifferent_a whether_o they_o have_v fruit-tree_n of_o their_o own_o or_o
have_v be_v take_v up_o about_o november_n and_o the_o end_n of_o the_o root_n cut_v off_o like_a unto_o a_o hind_n or_o goat_n foot_n on_o the_o under-side_n and_o lay_v in_o the_o earth_n till_o march_v to_o be_v plant_v be_v then_o take_v forth_o again_o it_o have_v appear_v that_o they_o have_v put_v out_o many_o fibrous_a root_n at_o the_o end_n of_o those_o big_a root_n cut_v off_o which_o have_v they_o do_v in_o the_o place_n they_o be_v to_o grow_v in_o the_o next_o summer_n this_o will_v have_v be_v a_o good_a preparation_n against_o spring_n and_o it_o be_v always_o see_v that_o tree_n set_v in_o february_n or_o march_v make_v general_o a_o much_o less_o growth_n the_o next_o year_n than_o those_o that_o be_v set_v before_o winter_n if_o a_o dry_a summer_n happen_v to_o succeed_v it_o often_o kill_v some_o of_o the_o late-set_a tree_n and_o put_v such_o a_o sap_n to_o other_o that_o they_o recover_v not_o of_o many_o year_n in_o sharp_a frost_n or_o in_o snow_n though_o you_o can_v dig_v it_o be_v not_o good_a to_o remove_v tree_n §_o 2._o if_o your_o tree_n for_o standard_n at_o set_v be_v not_o very_o weak_a body_v removal_n how_o to_o prune_n and_o order_n tree_n at_o removal_n prune_n they_o up_o leave_v three_o or_o four_o of_o the_o principal_a branch_n on_o the_o top_n that_o grow_v outward_a which_o shall_v be_v lop_v off_o almost_o a_o year_n growth_n but_o if_o they_o be_v weak_a lest_o the_o wind_n shall_v injure_v they_o by_o toss_v they_o you_o may_v top_v they_o low_o do_v it_o at_o a_o bud_n or_o small_a twigg_n and_o in_o big_a tree_n cut_v the_o top_n almost_o all_o off_o and_o whensoever_o you_o transplant_v young_a tree_n cut_v off_o the_o end_n of_o all_o big_a root_n on_o the_o under-side_n like_v unto_o a_o hind_n foot_n and_o they_o will_v put_v forth_o new_a root_n the_o better_a remove_v bigness_n of_o tree_n to_o be_v remove_v §_o 3._o at_o three_o year_n end_n after_o graft_v in_o the_o nursery_n tree_n may_v be_v fit_a to_o be_v remove_v into_o a_o orchard_n especial_o if_o you_o plough_v or_o which_o be_v safe_o dig_v the_o orchard-land_n and_o set_v bean_n or_o other_o kitchin-garden_n stuff_n in_o it_o for_o some_o year_n but_o if_o it_o be_v such_o a_o piece_n of_o land_n that_o you_o graze_v than_o you_o must_v be_v sure_a their_o head_n be_v grow_v out_o of_o the_o reach_n of_o cattle_n before_o you_o set_v they_o there_o and_o you_o must_v fence_v they_o one_o of_o the_o way_n mention_v hereafter_o tree_n how_o to_o remove_v a_o large_a tree_n §_o 4._o it_o be_v the_o best_a way_n to_o remove_v tree_n very_o young_a as_o at_o three_o year_n growth_n if_o they_o may_v be_v secure_v from_o danger_n which_o in_o orchard_n or_o field_n where_o cattle_n have_v liberty_n to_o feed_v they_o can_v well_o be_v with_o ordinary_a fence_v unless_o they_o be_v of_o five_o or_o six_o year_n growth_n after_o graft_v he_o that_o have_v a_o nursery_n of_o his_o own_o and_o remove_v they_o into_o place_n so_o near_o that_o he_o can_v well_o do_v it_o let_v he_o the_o very_a same_o or_o the_o next_o day_n after_o they_o be_v take_v up_o set_v they_o in_o the_o place_n appoint_v for_o they_o and_o not_o cut_v off_o too_o much_o of_o the_o root_n but_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o top_n and_o he_o may_v do_v well_o to_o plant_v strong_a and_o well_o grow_v tree_n especial_o in_o his_o field_n and_o out-ground_n for_o the_o charge_n of_o fence_v will_v be_v much_o ease_v and_o be_v careful_o set_v they_o may_v prosper_v as_o well_o or_o better_a than_o small_a one_o especial_o in_o uncultivated_a or_o stiff_a land_n by_o nature_n where_o young_a tree_n can_v so_o well_o put_v forth_o root_n and_o the_o follow_a way_n be_v better_a to_o have_v old_a tree_n grow_v and_o prosper_v well_o than_o be_v common_o practise_v viz._n if_o you_o chance_v to_o have_v any_o tree_n betwixt_o ten_o and_o thirty_o year_n old_a that_o you_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o remove_v you_o must_v about_o november_n the_o year_n before_o you_o transplant_v they_o dig_v a_o trench_n as_o narrow_a as_o you_o please_v but_o so_o deep_a as_o to_o meet_v with_o most_o of_o the_o spread_a root_n at_o such_o a_o distance_n round_o about_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n as_o you_o will_v cut_v the_o root_n off_o at_o when_o you_o remove_v it_o about_o half_a a_o yard_n distant_a from_o the_o body_n may_v do_v well_o if_o they_o be_v not_o very_o large_a tree_n but_o if_o you_o have_v not_o far_o to_o carry_v they_o longer_z as_o you_o make_v the_o trench_n cut_v the_o root_n you_o meet_v with_o clear_a off_o and_o smooth_a without_o split_v they_o or_o bruise_v the_o bark_n fill_v up_o the_o trench_n again_o and_o by_o october_n next_o after_o when_o you_o take_v up_o the_o tree_n to_o set_v it_o elsewhere_o you_o will_v find_v those_o great_a root_n will_v have_v put_v forth_o many_o fibrous_a root_n and_o make_v preparation_n for_o more_o with_o fresh_a and_o tender_a root_n upon_o removal_n will_v enable_v the_o tree_n to_o draw_v more_o nourishment_n than_o otherwise_o it_o will_v and_o consequent_o to_o prosper_v better_o in_o its_o new_a mansion_n §_o 5._o many_o of_o those_o tree_n remove_v very_o timely_a as_o in_o the_o end_n of_o september_n or_o in_o october_n may_v shrink_v and_o seem_v to_o wither_v much_o yet_o they_o will_v recover_v and_o come_v to_o their_o former_a plumpness_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o remove_v and_o set_v tree_n tree_n coast_v tree_n §_o 1._o in_o remove_v any_o big_a tree_n man_n general_o observe_v to_o coast_n they_o that_o be_v to_o place_v the_o same_o side_n of_o the_o tree_n to_o the_o southeast_n etc._n etc._n as_o grow_v former_o that_o way_n where_o it_o stand_v before_o to_o which_o end_n before_o you_o remove_v it_o you_o have_v best_o make_v some_o mark_n in_o the_o bark_n of_o the_o tree_n which_o way_n it_o stand_v this_o you_o may_v observe_v in_o straight_a tree_n but_o it_o be_v more_o material_a if_o your_o tree_n lean_a one_o way_n more_o than_o another_o to_o set_v the_o lean_a side_n towards_o the_o south-west_n from_o whence_o the_o strong_a wind_n blow_v but_o notwithstanding_o this_o observation_n you_o need_v not_o mind_v it_o in_o small_a tree_n or_o such_o that_o have_v grow_v in_o close-nursery_n they_o not_o be_v capable_a of_o any_o considerable_a alteration_n from_o any_o aspect_n of_o the_o heaven_n in_o case_n a_o tree_n before_o removal_n have_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o east_n or_o west_n sun_n more_o than_o of_o the_o south_n then_o plant_v that_o tree_n that_o before_o have_v that_o advantage_n on_o the_o like_a again_o in_o its_o new_a place_n which_o although_o it_o vary_v from_o the_o direction_n aforesaid_a yet_o not_o from_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o transplant_v how_o to_o take_v up_o tree_n to_o be_v transplant_v §_o 2._o be_v careful_a in_o take_v up_o the_o plant_n dig_v round_o about_o they_o and_o take_v off_o the_o mould_n from_o their_o root_n if_o it_o be_v a_o small_a plant_n it_o may_v be_v draw_v up_o easy_o the_o mould_n be_v take_v away_o if_o it_o be_v great_a and_o the_o root_n spread_v much_o than_o they_o may_v be_v cut_v about_o half_a a_o yard_n from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o plant_n and_o the_o great_a it_o be_v the_o further_o off_o cut_v the_o root_n and_o so_o draw_v it_o up_o but_o keep_v the_o spade_n from_o come_v too_o near_o the_o tree_n by_o surround_v the_o tree_n at_o a_o good_a distance_n and_o endeavour_v to_o raise_v as_o much_o earth_n as_o you_o can_v with_o the_o tree_n but_o if_o it_o be_v to_o carry_v far_o shake_v it_o off_o then_o pick_v off_o all_o the_o leave_n if_o they_o be_v not_o fall_v off_o because_o the_o sun_n and_o air_n by_o their_o mean_n extract_v the_o sap_n out_o of_o the_o branch_n pear-tree_n have_v ordinary_o more_o brittle_a root_n than_o appletree_n and_o the_o root_n of_o appletree_n or_o stock_n raise_v of_o the_o kernel_n of_o good_a fruit_n be_v more_o brittle_v than_o those_o raise_v of_o crab_n or_o wilding_n kernel_n therefore_o take_v more_o care_n and_o pain_n in_o open_v ground_n deep_o and_o wide_o when_o you_o take_v up_o the_o more_o tender_a and_o brittle_a root_v plant_n and_o pull_v not_o over_o hard_o lest_o you_o leave_v most_o of_o the_o root_n behind_o set_v young_a tree_n best_a to_o set_v §_o 3._o young_a tree_n of_o three_o or_o four_o year_n old_a at_o most_o when_o remove_v do_v not_o only_o grow_v sure_a but_o make_v a_o large_a growth_n at_o first_o plant_v than_o great_a and_o elder_a tree_n can_v do_v and_o be_v therefore_o best_o to_o transplant_v §_o 4._o if_o your_o tree_n have_v lie_v
in_o some_o place_n this_o may_v by_o check_v the_o sap_n cause_v it_o the_o more_o abundant_o pass_v and_o be_v convert_v into_o root_n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o the_o business_n in_o hand_n you_o have_v see_v the_o way_n of_o prepare_v cut_n by_o circumposition_n and_o though_o some_o will_v pretend_v to_o raise_v tree_n of_o any_o kind_n by_o the_o use_n of_o it_o yet_o it_o be_v certain_a it_o avail_v not_o but_o only_o in_o such_o as_o by_o a_o peculiar_a property_n be_v apt_a to_o put_v forth_o root_n be_v cut_v off_o and_o set_v into_o the_o ground_n and_o those_o general_o know_v and_o make_v use_n of_o this_o way_n be_v the_o kentish_a coddle_v the_o gennet-moil_n some_o sort_n of_o sweet_a apple_n and_o bitter-sweets_a the_o quince-tree_n the_o mulberry-tree_n goodsberry-tree_n curran-tree_n and_o the_o paradise_n appletree_n which_o last_o be_v much_o commend_v by_o mr._n rea_n for_o to_o raise_v stcock_n for_o dwarf_n appletree_n tree_n to_o raise_v stock_n by_o cut_v down_o a_o old_a tree_n §_o 6._o another_o way_n to_o raise_v stock_n for_o dwarf-tree_n be_v to_o cut_v down_o some_o one_o tree_n of_o little_a worth_n of_o such_o a_o kind_a as_o you_o want_v stock_n of_o about_o a_o foot_n or_o more_o from_o the_o ground_n this_o will_v make_v some_o kind_n of_o tree_n very_o apt_a to_o cast_v forth_o very_o good_a sucker_n from_o the_o old_a root_n such_o as_o be_v of_o two_o year_n growth_n may_v be_v transplant_v and_o the_o stump_n above_o ground_n will_v also_o put_v forth_o abundance_n of_o young_a shoot_v after_o these_o young_a shoot_v have_v grow_v out_o of_o the_o stump_n one_o year_n cast_v mold_n or_o earth_n about_o they_o a_o good_a height_n so_o that_o you_o cover_v not_o the_o top_n of_o any_o of_o they_o where_o let_v they_o grow_v two_o year_n more_o and_o they_o will_v be_v well_o root_v then_o cut_v they_o off_o from_o the_o old_a stock_n which_o after_o that_o may_v yield_v fresh_a one_o again_o and_o set_v the_o shoot_v you_o take_v off_o as_o before_o have_v be_v direct_v about_o cut_n these_o will_v be_v about_o three_o year_n long_o before_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o graft_v than_o cut_n but_o will_v be_v very_o good_a young_a fresh_a stock_n and_o be_v a_o good_a way_n to_o raise_v stock_n of_o the_o quince-tree_n for_o pear_n because_o quince-tree_n general_o grow_v so_o crooked_a and_o irregular_a that_o its_o difficult_a to_o procure_v any_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o they_o by_o cut_n if_o they_o shoot_v up_o tall_a after_o they_o be_v mould_v you_o have_v best_o top_v they_o at_o a_o convenient_a height_n it_o will_v make_v they_o grow_v the_o more_o in_o bigness_n and_o so_o be_v soon_o fit_v to_o graft_v but_o if_o you_o have_v a_o desire_n to_o have_v any_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n as_o the_o old_a tree_n be_v you_o need_v not_o top_v they_o and_o by_o this_o mean_n if_o you_o want_v quince-tree_n codling_n etc._n etc._n you_o may_v be_v furnish_v with_o plenty_n that_o will_v make_v better_a and_o handsome_a tree_n than_o if_o you_o raise_v they_o by_o cut_n pear-tree_n stock_n for_o dwarf_n pear-tree_n §_o 7._o you_o may_v raise_v stock_n for_o dwarf_n pear-tree_n from_o sucker_n of_o old_a pear-tree_n if_o you_o can_v convenient_o get_v enough_o of_o the_o quince-tree_n for_o many_o pear-tree_n cast_v they_o natural_o which_o be_v preserve_v from_o cattle_n may_v be_v take_v up_o and_o set_v in_o bed_n of_o earth_n as_o you_o do_v the_o seedling_n if_o your_o pear-tree_n yield_v not_o sucker_n of_o themselves_o you_o need_v only_o cut_v off_o the_o top_n of_o some_o old_a ill_a pear-tree_n and_o graff_n it_o with_o a_o better_a fruit_n if_o you_o please_v and_o the_o root_n will_v cast_v forth_o sucker_n plentiful_o and_o you_o may_v help_v they_o by_o make_v a_o small_a ditch_n or_o gutter_n so_o as_o to_o bear_v some_o of_o the_o root_n about_o two_o yard_n distant_a from_o the_o tree_n or_o pare_v off_o the_o grass_n if_o any_o grow_v about_o the_o tree_n that_o they_o may_v have_v the_o more_o liberty_n to_o spring_v up_o or_o in_o this_o case_n you_o may_v bare_v the_o root_n and_o then_o give_v a_o cut_n across_o some_o root_n almost_o to_o the_o heart_n and_o from_o the_o cross_n cut_v cleave_v the_o root_n raise_v up_o the_o loose_a part_n and_o put_v in_o a_o little_a stone_n to_o keep_v it_o open_a cover_v it_o three_o inch_n over_o with_o mold_n let_v this_o be_v do_v if_o you_o can_v where_o you_o find_v a_o bud_n or_o eye_n on_o the_o root_n for_o the_o sucker_n to_o shoot_v out_o at_o and_o either_o inoculate_v the_o young_a shoot_n in_o the_o place_n where_o it_o stand_v or_o remove_v it_o to_o some_o other_o place_n after_o a_o year_n growth_n and_o when_o you_o do_v cut_v off_o with_o it_o about_o a_o foot_n of_o the_o old_a root_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v you_o may_v have_v sucker_n from_o some_o other_o tree_n that_o do_v not_o natural_o yield_v they_o plum-tree_n stock_n for_o dwarf-cherry_n and_o plum-tree_n §_o 8._o to_o have_v stock_n for_o dwarf_n cherry_n and_o plum_n or_o for_o such_o tree_n for_o a_o wall_n the_o speedy_a way_n and_o such_o as_o will_v succeed_v for_o that_o purpose_n be_v by_o sucker_n of_o the_o common_a red_a cherry_n and_o any_o ordinary_a or_o rather_o white_a plum-tree_n both_o which_o cast_v up_o sucker_n plentiful_o if_o the_o sucker_n grow_v in_o a_o place_n secure_a from_o harm_n you_o may_v inoculate_v or_o graft_v they_o before_o removal_n under_o their_o mother_n plant_n and_o let_v they_o grow_v there_o one_o year_n after_o and_o thereby_o you_o will_v gain_v a_o year_n time_n and_o more_o and_o choose_v such_o sucker_n as_o grow_v at_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o old_a tree_n dwarf-tree_n how_o to_o order_v the_o head_n of_o dwarf-tree_n §_o 9_o in_o graft_v or_o inoculate_v stock_n for_o dwarf-tree_n observe_v to_o do_v it_o as_o low_a as_o you_o well_o can_v with_o two_o cyen_n place_v on_o each_o stock_n and_o those_o long_o than_o in_o graft_v for_o large_a standard_n that_o they_o may_v spread_v from_o the_o ground_n and_o after_o they_o be_v grow_v two_o or_o three_o year_n in_o the_o place_n they_o be_v to_o stand_v in_o to_o make_v they_o spread_v and_o to_o keep_v the_o bough_n outward_a you_o may_v tie_v a_o old_a hoop_n of_o a_o barrel_n or_o some_o such_o thing_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o branch_n to_o bear_v they_o a_o good_a distance_n one_o from_o another_o but_o if_o one_o branch_n be_v much_o strong_a or_o more_o incline_v to_o grow_v upright_o than_o the_o rest_n than_o you_o may_v drive_v a_o stake_n into_o the_o ground_n and_o tie_v the_o sturdy_a one_o down_o to_o it_o if_o you_o cut_v the_o bark_n crosswise_o in_o several_a place_n on_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o branch_n when_o they_o be_v place_v as_o you_o will_v have_v they_o it_o will_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o make_v they_o more_o willing_a to_o continue_v in_o that_o order_n of_o their_o own_o accord_n after_o some_o year_n growth_n if_o any_o one_o branch_n shoot_v out_o much_o further_a than_o the_o other_o cut_v off_o its_o top_n to_o keep_v it_o even_o with_o the_o rest_n and_o yearly_o cut_v much_o off_o especial_o new_a shoot_v that_o grow_v direct_o upward_o after_o they_o be_v grow_v to_o that_o height_n you_o design_v they_o to_o be_v of_o cut_n tree_n raise_v of_o cut_n which_o may_v be_v about_o a_o yard_n and_o a_o half_a §_o 10._o have_v direct_v how_o to_o raise_v kentish-codling_n gennet-moil_n quince_n or_o any_o that_o grow_v of_o cut_n for_o stock_n there_o need_v no_o other_o rule_n for_o raise_v tree_n or_o hedge_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o fruit_n only_o you_o need_v not_o cut_v they_o so_o short_a as_o you_o do_v for_o stock_n codling_n graft_v on_o crab-stock_n and_o set_v in_o a_o garden_n or_o elsewhere_o will_v increase_v their_o growth_n because_o crab-stock_n have_v great_a root_n and_o will_v yield_v they_o more_o plenty_n of_o nourishment_n than_o root_n of_o their_o own_o put_v forth_o when_o they_o be_v raise_v only_o of_o cut_n other_o graft_v gennet-moil_n on_o crab-stock_n and_o they_o thrive_v well_o and_o bear_v a_o large_a and_o some_o think_v a_o better_a fruit_n than_o those_o tree_n of_o that_o kind_n raise_v by_o cut_n some_o have_v graft_v several_a of_o they_o in_o rough_a and_o woody_n ground_n which_o have_v grow_v with_o very_o strong_a shoot_v and_o cover_v the_o stock_n very_o soon_o chap._n xii_o how_o to_o plant_v in_o the_o field_n with_o the_o various_a advantage_n thereof_o §_o 1._o multitude_n of_o fruit-tree_n may_v be_v plant_v abroad_o in_o the_o field_n and_o hedge_n of_o enclose_a ground_n whereof_o very_o great_a profit_n may_v be_v make_v without_o any_o considerable_a damage_n
one_o of_o the_o best_a for_o profit_n and_o service_n it_o be_v a_o fair_a large_a well_o relish_v fruit_n have_v little_a core_n in_o it_o and_o keep_v and_o last_v well_o till_o the_o follow_a may_n the_o tree_n be_v quick_a and_o large_a grower_n and_o will_v prosper_v well_o upon_o courser_n land_n than_o other_o pippin_n and_o the_o tree_n be_v great_a bearer_n and_o the_o fruit_n good_a for_o any_o culinary_a use_n and_o it_o be_v a_o excellent_a sort_n to_o be_v propagate_v on_o mean_a soil_n and_o where_o better_a soil_n be_v not_o to_o be_v have_v and_o for_o the_o northern_a part_n there_o also_o be_v several_a sort_n of_o renating_n very_a choice_n and_o good_a apple_n as_o the_o goldin-renating_a the_o lincoln-renating_a etc._n etc._n in_o plant_v winter_n fruit_n the_o best_a course_n be_v to_o plant_v several_a tree_n of_o some_o few_o of_o the_o best_a kind_n after_o you_o have_v find_v what_o sort_n prosper_v best_a in_o your_o soil_n for_o many_o sort_n will_v be_v 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the_o planter_n the_o delay_n whereof_o in_o other_o fruit_n have_v be_v a_o principal_a obstacle_n to_o the_o great_a design_n of_o plant_v 6._o the_o tree_n be_v low_a and_o humble_a and_o so_o more_o of_o they_o may_v be_v plant_v in_o a_o like_a quantity_n of_o ground_n than_o the_o tall_a tree_n which_o shade_n the_o ground_n more_o 7._o the_o lowness_n of_o the_o tree_n prevent_v the_o sharp_a wind_n in_o the_o spring_n and_o the_o fruit_n of_o they_o be_v not_o so_o apt_a to_o be_v blow_v off_o in_o autumn_n 8._o the_o fruit_n exceed_v all_o other_o apple_n in_o the_o kitchen_n for_o the_o time_n they_o last_v pippin_n golden_a pippin_n but_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o cider_n make_v of_o the_o redstreak_n be_v not_o in_o all_o place_n alike_o although_o it_o be_v a_o curious_a liquor_n excel_v most_o cyder_n in_o most_o place_n yet_o in_o some_o land_n other_o apple_n may_v make_v a_o better_a cider_n as_o the_o golden-pippin_n be_v a_o delicate_a apple_n yield_v a_o 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a_o cider_n very_o good_a to_o be_v drink_v about_o christmas_n next_o follow_v the_o season_n of_o make_v cider_n the_o tree_n be_v of_o quick_a and_o large_a growth_n good_a bearer_n and_o 12_o or_o 14_o bushel_n or_o strike_v of_o they_o will_v make_v a_o hogshead_n of_o cider_n moil_n jennet_n moil_n the_o gennet-moil_n be_v once_o account_v the_o best_a cider_n fruit_n and_o still_o many_o gentleman_n that_o be_v cider_n master_n prefer_v it_o and_o preserve_v it_o for_o their_o own_o drink_v queening_a winter_n queening_a the_o winter-queening_a be_v not_o common_o use_v for_o cider_n yet_o it_o yield_v a_o strong_a and_o vinous_a liquor_n but_o so_o dry_a a_o fruit_n that_o 24_o bushel_n will_v go_v to_o make_v one_o hogshead_n the_o fruit_n must_v not_o be_v ground_n till_o very_o late_a in_o the_o year_n pearmains_n pippin_n and_o pearmains_n pippin_n and_o pearmains_n mix_v be_v much_o use_v and_o pippin_n alone_o make_v a_o strong_a and_o wholesome_a liquor_n apple_n 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and_o hardy_a against_o all_o wind_n and_o blast_n the_o fruit_n be_v so_o hard_a sharp_a and_o unpalatable_a from_o the_o tree_n that_o it_o be_v free_v from_o the_o danger_n sweet_a fruit_n be_v subject_a to_o they_o hang_v long_o on_o the_o tree_n before_o they_o be_v ripe_a and_o then_o be_v lay_v up_o until_o december_n or_o after_o and_o ground_n yield_v a_o very_a delicate_a cider_n which_o will_v soon_o ferment_n therefore_o must_v be_v draw_v off_o the_o lee_n in_o a_o few_o day_n this_o be_v a_o common_a and_o in_o some_o place_n but_o a_o hedg-fruit_n and_o yield_v but_o a_o thin_a sour_a juice_n be_v ground_n from_o the_o tree_n have_v be_v of_o late_o slight_v when_o in_o truth_n there_o be_v scarce_o a_o better_a fruit_n to_o be_v plant_v than_o this_o john-apple_n or_o two-year-old_a both_o for_o the_o beauty_n of_o the_o tree_n it_o be_v quick_a growth_n it_o be_v like_v all_o ground_n great_a bearing_n endure_v all_o wether_n long_o last_v it_o be_v excellency_n for_o kitchen_n use_v and_o preference_n at_o the_o table_n when_o most_o other_o fruit_n be_v past_a observe_v that_o cider_n fruit_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o three_o class_n first_o such_o as_o be_v for_o make_v early_a cider_n or_o for_o present_a drink_v as_o the_o coddle_v and_o summer_n fruit_n etc._n etc._n second_o such_o that_o be_v for_o make_v the_o best_a rich_a oily_a spicy_a poignant_a and_o high_o relish_v cider_n and_o also_o long_o keep_v and_o last_v such_o be_v the_o redstreak_n bromsberry_n crab_n golden-pippin_n westbury-apple_n john-apple_n the_o several_a sort_n of_o must_n and_o fillet_n the_o elliot_n and_o stoken-apple_n etc._n etc._n three_o such_o that_o be_v useful_a fruit_n for_o the_o table_n yet_o make_v a_o very_a pleasant_a and_o acceptable_a cider_n and_o such_o be_v the_o pippin_n and_o pearmains_n gillyflower_n marigold-apple_n golden-renneting_a harvey-apple_n queen_a etc._n etc._n general_o all_o hard_a apple_n and_o wilding_n have_v a_o lively_a pert_a poignant_a brisk_a juice_n so_o that_o they_o come_v not_o too_o near_o the_o degree_n of_o stark_a crab_n make_v excellent_a cider_n but_o cider_n make_v of_o hard_a harsh_a fruit_n be_v not_o so_o soon_o ready_a for_o drink_v as_o that_o of_o summer_n fruit_n and_o those_o more_o pleasant_a that_o make_v of_o table_n fruit_n be_v early_a ripe_a be_v ready_a to_o drink_v so_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v well_o settle_a and_o clear_v but_o that_o of_o hard_a apple_n not_o till_o summer_n follow_v and_o will_v continue_v good_a for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n or_o long_o if_o keep_v in_o a_o cool_a cellar_n good_a vessel_n well_o stop_v and_o will_v improve_v in_o keep_v apple_n of_o plant_v several_a kind_n of_o apple_n some_o object_n that_o since_o one_o or_o two_o kind_n of_o fruit_n may_v be_v have_v very_o good_a for_o cider_n what_o occasion_n be_v there_o to_o plant_v of_o so_o many_o sort_n for_o answer_v they_o will_v find_v it_o advantageous_a to_o have_v several_a sort_n of_o fruit_n for_o cider_n for_o the_o follow_a consideration_n 1._o one_o sort_n of_o fruit-tree_n may_v and_o do_v bear_v one_o year_n when_o another_o fail_v 2._o cider_n make_v of_o some_o kind_n will_v be_v ready_a to_o drink_v soon_o than_o other_o and_o thereby_o you_o may_v have_v it_o successive_o for_o your_o use_n the_o must-cyder_n may_v be_v clear_a a_o month_n after_o make_v the_o gennet-moil_n a_o quarter_n of_o a_o year_n after_o the_o redstreak_n near_o half_a a_o year_n after_o though_o it_o be_v much_o improve_v by_o long_a keep_n 3._o you_o may_v make_v your_o cider_n with_o more_o ease_n the_o fruit_n you_o make_v it_o of_o ripen_v one_o after_o another_o 4._o though_o some_o fruit_n yield_v not_o so_o good_a cider_n as_o other_o yet_o the_o tree_n may_v be_v quick_a of_o growth_n bear_v more_o plentiful_o and_o last_v long_o than_o those_o that_o yield_v better_o and_o the_o palate_n of_o man_n be_v various_a some_o like_o one_o sort_n and_o some_o another_o and_o so_o all_o may_v be_v please_v 5._o some_o fruit-tree_n agree_v with_o the_o soil_n and_o climate_n better_o than_o other_o which_o you_o will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o know_v till_o you_o have_v make_v trial_n of_o several_a pear_n how_o to_o make_v a_o new_a kind_n of_o apple_n or_o pear_n graft_n one_o fruit_n on_o another_o many_o time_n over_o every_o year_n a_o different_a kind_n so_o that_o you_o keep_v to_o those_o kind_n that_o will_v grow_v together_o as_o first_o to_o graft_v a_o crabtree_n near_o the_o ground_n with_o some_o good_a kind_n of_o apple_n graft_n and_o the_o next_o year_n to_o graft_v that_o again_o a_o handful_n or_o two_o above_o where_o the_o first_o be_v graft_v and_o the_o next_o year_n to_o graft_v that_o second_o graft_n and_o so_o proceed_v for_o five_o or_o six_o year_n by_o set_v graft_n upon_o graft_n and_o this_o may_v probable_o make_v some_o alteration_n and_o commixture_n in_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o topmost_a graft_n though_o it_o be_v true_a every_o graft_n keep_v its_o own_o nature_n yet_o so_o as_o it_o receive_v some_o small_a alteration_n from_o the_o stock_n the_o sap_n thus_o arise_v and_o pass_v through_o so_o many_o kind_n of_o stock_n into_o the_o topmost_a may_v possible_o raise_v a_o new_a fruit._fw-la the_o more_o red_a any_o apple_n have_v in_o its_o rind_n the_o better_a for_o cider_n the_o pale_a the_o worse_o no_o sweet_a apple_n that_o have_v a_o rough_a rind_n be_v bad_a for_o cider_n if_o suffer_v especial_o to_o digest_v some_o time_n on_o heap_n as_o be_v hereafter_o direct_v chap._n 29._o sect._n 3_o mixture_n of_o fruit_n be_v of_o great_a advantage_n to_o your_o cider_n the_o mean_a apple_n mix_v make_v as_o good_a cider_n as_o the_o best_a alone_a except_o the_o redstreak_n and_o some_o few_o celebrate_a apple_n for_o that_o purpose_n but_o always_o observe_v that_o the_o apple_n so_o mix_v be_v of_o equal_a ripeness_n chap._n xxviii_o of_o annoyance_n to_o fruit-tree_n canker_n concern_v moss_n or_o canker_n §_o 1._o the_o nature_n of_o soil_n be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o the_o moss_n and_o canker_n and_o therefore_o without_o alter_v the_o one_o you_o can_v scarce_o prevent_v the_o other_o however_o you_o may_v with_o a_o hair_n cloth_n rub_v the_o moss_n off_o after_o rain_n or_o as_o some_o say_v burn_v it_o with_o a_o bottle_n of_o straw_n under_o the_o tree_n but_o if_o you_o only_o scrape_v or_o rub_v off_o the_o moss_n in_o few_o year_n they_o will_v be_v as_o much_o annoy_v therewith_o as_o ever_o because_o mossiness_n be_v cause_v by_o over_o coldness_n of_o the_o ground_n as_o in_o the_o waterish_a and_o clay_n ground_n and_o likewise_o by_o barrenness_n of_o the_o soil_n if_o the_o coldness_n proceed_v from_o over_o much_o moisture_n lay_v it_o dryer_n by_o trench_v the_o ground_n if_o clay_n ground_n then_o mix_v warm_a soil_n therewith_o as_o you_o be_v before_o teach_v at_o chap._n 7._o sect._n 10._o yet_o be_v sure_a you_o take_v away_o the_o present_a moss_n all_o canker_n filth_n and_o worm_n must_v be_v pick_v clean_o off_o and_o bind_v some_o clay_n well_o mix_v with_o hay_n about_o the_o canker_a place_n if_o the_o tree_n grow_v but_o poor_o which_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n cause_v by_o the_o ill_a temper_n of_o the_o soil_n open_v the_o ground_n about_o the_o root_n and_o put_v in_o some_o manure_n proper_a to_o cure_v it_o the_o canker_n assault_v general_o the_o best_a sort_n of_o fruit-tree_n as_o the_o pippin_n pearmain_n harvy-apple_n golden_a rennet_n etc._n etc._n of_o pear_n the_o warden_n of_o all_o sort_n burgamot_n etc._n etc._n and_o it_o sometime_o come_v by_o gall_v and_o fret_v of_o bough_n on_o each_o other_o and_o sometime_o by_o set_v tree_n not_o shallow_a but_o too_o deep_a as_o well_o as_o by_o barrenness_n of_o soil_n and_o sometime_o it_o come_v by_o break_v off_o bough_n which_o shall_v be_v cut_v off_o close_o to_o the_o tree_n though_o in_o the_o summer_n and_o cattle_n nip_a off_o the_o bud_n or_o piece_n of_o the_o tree_n or_o unseasonable_a prune_v raise_v of_o stock_n from_o crab_n kernel_n in_o the_o same_o land_n and_o graft_v on_o after_o once_o remove_v and_o place_v where_o they_o be_v to_o grow_v and_o be_v graft_v prevent_v the_o canker_n to_o cure_v the_o canker_n at_o present_a cut_v it_o out_o if_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o body_n or_o great_a bough_n of_o tree_n and_o wash_v the_o place_n with_o cowdung_n and_o urine_n mix_v and_o then_o cover_v the_o place_n with_o clay_n mix_v with_o horse-dung_n and_o cut_v off_o the_o small_a branch_n that_o be_v dead_a however_o stop_v the_o cause_n by_o amend_v the_o soil_n at_o root_n with_o proper_a manure_n as_o the_o dung_n of_o hog_n pigeon_n poultry_n horse_n cow_n the_o sediment_n of_o pool_n pond_n
the_o tree_n or_o by_o take_v they_o with_o bird-lime_n crow_n will_v be_v fright_v if_o you_o kill_v one_o or_o two_o of_o they_o and_o pull_v it_o in_o piece_n and_o scatter_v the_o piece_n about_o the_o tree_n they_o will_v not_o come_v their_o again_z whilst_o the_o feather_n be_v any_o thing_n fresh_a but_o magpie_n jackdaw_n jay_n be_v not_o to_o be_v fright_v from_o your_o cherry_n but_o kill_v as_o they_o come_v with_o a_o gun_n and_o that_o early_a in_o the_o morning_n earwiggs_n earwiggs_n §_o 15._o earwig_n be_v destroy_v by_o set_v oxhoof_n cane_n or_o any_o hollow_a thing_n near_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o among_o the_o bough_n upon_o the_o end_n of_o stick_n and_o they_o will_v creep_v in_o and_o lie_v there_o then_o take_v off_o these_o hoof_n quick_o and_o shake_v they_o and_o crush_v they_o on_o the_o ground_n with_o your_o foot_n cattle_n cattle_n §_o 16._o cattle_n wheresoever_o they_o come_v among_o tree_n be_v a_o mighty_a and_o mischievous_a enemy_n if_o the_o bough_n be_v within_o their_o reach_n for_o then_o they_o will_v bite_v off_o the_o end_n of_o all_o and_o thereby_o with_o their_o tooth_n so_o bruise_v the_o end_n of_o the_o bough_n and_o shoot_v that_o the_o tree_n seldom_n thrive_v of_o many_o year_n if_o ever_o afterward_o where_o this_o misfortune_n happen_v to_o any_o tree_n the_o only_a remedy_n be_v to_o cut_v off_o at_o some_o sprig_n or_o bud_n so_o much_o as_o they_o have_v have_v in_o their_o mouth_n or_o be_v bruise_v by_o their_o tooth_n and_o fence_v your_o orchard_n well_o from_o they_o or_o else_o which_o be_v the_o sure_a way_n not_o to_o let_v your_o tree_n begin_v to_o spread_v before_o they_o be_v six_o or_o seven_o foot_n high_a of_o the_o trunk_n or_o body_n and_o so_o prune_v up_o that_o all_o the_o bough_n and_o every_o part_n of_o they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o the_o ground_n as_o will_v be_v impossible_a for_o cattle_n to_o reach_v deep_a set_v too_o deep_a §_o 17._o although_o the_o set_a tree_n too_o deep_a and_o below_o the_o good_a soil_n be_v no_o disease_n yet_o it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o many_o disease_n to_o your_o fruit-tree_n as_o moss_n barkbound_n canker_n etc._n etc._n therefore_o careful_o to_o be_v avoid_v set_v shallow_a be_v attend_v with_o no_o other_o inconvenience_n but_o that_o the_o tree_n be_v sometime_o blow_v down_o if_o not_o stake_v the_o first_o two_o year_n chap._n xxix_o of_o gather_v fruit_n and_o the_o best_a way_n of_o make_v cider_n §_o 1._o in_o gather_v of_o fruit_n be_v careful_a that_o the_o branch_n of_o your_o tree_n be_v not_o batter_v and_o break_v §_o 2._o such_o as_o you_o design_v to_o keep_v any_o time_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v shake_v off_o the_o tree_n because_o of_o bruise_v but_o pick_v off_o with_o your_o hand_n be_v sure_o the_o fruit_n you_o gather_v be_v thorough_o ripe_a which_o you_o may_v know_v by_o its_o beginning_n to_o drop_v or_o by_o cut_v a_o apple_n and_o see_v the_o kernel_n turn_v black_a let_v the_o wether_n be_v fair_a and_o dry_a when_o you_o gather_v and_o no_o dew_n upon_o the_o tree_n lay_v up_o what_o you_o thus_o gather_v in_o a_o close_a but_o a_o sweet_a room_n upon_o a_o board_v but_o not_o with_o deal_n floor_n and_o not_o on_o a_o clay_n or_o plaster_v floor_n and_o lay_v they_o up_o without_o any_o green_a leave_n or_o stick_v among_o they_o as_o you_o find_v any_o in_o your_o heap_n rot_v pick_v they_o out_o and_o in_o frost_n cover_v they_o with_o straw_n or_o straw_n mat_n and_o also_o hang_v in_o sharp_a frost_n blanket_n before_o the_o window_n to_o keep_v out_o the_o frost_n lay_v every_o kind_n by_o themselves_o if_o you_o have_v some_o pear_n that_o be_v choice_n and_o last_a wrap_v they_o up_o in_o paper_n and_o lay_v they_o one_o by_o one_o upon_o shelf_n or_o hang_v they_o up_o by_o the_o stalk_n and_o keep_v out_o the_o air_n from_o they_o as_o much_o as_o you_o can_v §_o 3._o in_o gather_v cider_n fruit_n you_o must_v be_v sure_a to_o let_v they_o be_v well_o ripe_a on_o the_o tree_n mill._n gather_v of_o cider_n fruit_n and_o prepare_v it_o for_o the_o mill._n for_o there_o be_v much_o cider_n spoil_v because_o the_o apple_n be_v ground_n before_o they_o be_v ripe_a and_o all_o fruit_n yield_v a_o different_a liquor_n according_a to_o the_o different_a degree_n of_o maturity_n of_o the_o same_o fruit_n for_o when_o it_o be_v most_o ripe_a it_o yield_v a_o rich_a pleasant_a and_o more_o last_a drink_n but_o if_o press_v before_o ripe_a though_o it_o yield_v a_o great_a quantity_n yet_o it_o be_v but_o a_o thin_a raw_a crude_a sour_a phlegmatic_a and_o unwholesome_a drink_n therefore_o if_o your_o fruit_n be_v not_o ripe_a all_o at_o one_o time_n select_v such_o sort_n as_o be_v of_o a_o like_a degree_n of_o maturity_n or_o if_o the_o wind_n beat_v down_o many_o and_o you_o be_v unwilling_a to_o spoil_v or_o lose_v they_o let_v they_o lie_v dry_a as_o long_o as_o you_o can_v before_o you_o grind_v they_o to_o obtain_v as_o great_a a_o degree_n of_o ripeness_n as_o they_o can_v and_o let_v that_o cider_n be_v thorough_o ferment_v before_o barreled_a and_o the_o first_o that_o be_v spend_v neither_o mix_v ripe_a with_o unripe_a fruit_n not_o aught_o you_o to_o permit_v some_o sort_n of_o fruit_n be_v too_o ripe_a because_o it_o then_o grow_v pulpy_a in_o grind_v and_o will_v not_o yield_v its_o liquor_n unless_o some_o water_n be_v mix_v therewith_o your_o choice_a summer_n fruit_n be_v some_o of_o they_o as_o also_o the_o pippin_n and_o renating_n subject_a to_o pulpiness_n if_o full_a ripe_a lay_v such_o fruit_n by_o themselves_o to_o be_v ground_n and_o press_v for_o cyderkin_n that_o be_v break_v but_o a_o small_a bruise_n do_v not_o much_o injury_n your_o apple_n be_v well_o ripe_a let_v they_o be_v gentle_o shake_v down_o and_o lay_v out_o of_o the_o sun_n and_o rain_n not_o abroad_o but_o in_o a_o heap_n upon_o a_o sweet_a and_o dry_a floor_n that_o be_v board_v but_o not_o with_o deal_v nor_o on_o a_o plaisterd_a floor_n and_o on_o dry_a rye_n wheat_n or_o oaten_a straw_n till_o they_o have_v sweat_v out_o and_o digest_v their_o crude_a and_o phlegmatic_a humour_n and_o there_o let_v they_o so_o lie_v a_o fortnight_n the_o redstreak_n and_o hard_a apple_n you_o may_v let_v lie_v long_o that_o be_v three_o weak_n or_o a_o month_n the_o long_o they_o lie_v the_o less_o cider_n indeed_o they_o will_v yield_v but_o much_o the_o better_a it_o be_v necessary_a to_o have_v they_o as_o ripe_a as_o may_v be_v so_o that_o too_o many_o of_o they_o begin_v not_o to_o rot_v which_o rot_v once_o be_v to_o be_v pick_v out_o grind_v not_o your_o apple_n immediate_o from_o the_o tree_n so_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v thorough_o ripe_a though_o they_o will_v then_o yield_v the_o great_a quantity_n of_o liquor_n but_o neither_o pleasant_a nor_o last_v therefore_o let_v they_o lie_v on_o heap_n as_o aforesaid_a by_o hoard_v only_o of_o windfall_n for_o some_o time_n or_o until_o the_o time_n it_o be_v expect_v they_o shall_v have_v be_v ripe_a in_o do_v very_o much_o meliorate_v the_o cider_n make_v of_o they_o which_o otherwise_o may_v have_v be_v very_o bad_a for_o from_o the_o due_a time_n place_n and_o manner_n of_o hoard_v of_o the_o fruit_n be_v oftentimes_o the_o cider_n very_o good_a which_o otherwise_o may_v have_v be_v very_o bad_a thus_o when_o your_o fruit_n be_v due_o ripe_a gather_v preserve_v or_o hoard_v some_o time_n it_o be_v ready_a for_o the_o mill._n when_o you_o bring_v your_o apple_n to_o the_o mill_n or_o just_o before_o you_o fill_v they_o up_o pick_v out_o or_o cast_v by_o all_o that_o be_v green_a unripe_a rot_a or_o otherwise_o naught_o and_o all_o stalk_n leave_n etc._n etc._n that_o may_v injure_v your_o cider_n for_o it_o be_v better_a to_o want_v a_o small_a quantity_n of_o liquor_n than_o to_o spoil_v the_o whole_a some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o rottenness_n in_o the_o apple_n injure_v not_o the_o cider_n but_o that_o a_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o rot_a apple_n mix_v with_o the_o sound_n be_v a_o great_a help_n to_o the_o fermentation_n and_o clarification_n of_o the_o cider_n but_o it_o be_v suppose_v they_o mean_v such_o apple_n only_o as_o have_v be_v bruise_v in_o gather_v shake_v down_o or_o carry_v which_o will_v by_o lie_v become_v rot_v and_o the_o skin_n be_v whole_a be_v not_o much_o the_o worse_o only_o the_o cider_n will_v retain_v a_o smack_n of_o they_o notwithstanding_o which_o by_o no_o mean_n admit_v they_o among_o your_o cider_n that_o you_o intend_v for_o keep_v but_o rather_o make_v cider_n of_o they_o for_o a_o more_o early_o spend_v for_o other_o affirm_v that_o one_o rot_a
of_o propagate_a and_o order_v vine_n 139_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o fig_n their_o kind_n and_o propagation_n 148_o chap._n xv._o of_o walnut_n their_o kind_n and_o propagation_n 149_o chap._n xvi_o of_o chestnut_n 152_o chap._n xvii_o of_o filbeard_n 154_o chap._n xviii_o of_o quince_n their_o kind_n and_o propagation_n 155_o chap._n xix_o of_o mulberry_n 157_o chap._n xx._n of_o medlar_n and_o service-tree_n 159_o chap._n xxi_o of_o goosberry_n currant_n raspherry_n and_o barberry_n 161_o chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o kind_n of_o peach_n and_o nectarin_n 165_o chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o kind_n of_o apricock_n and_o strawberry_n 168_o chap._n xxiv_o of_o the_o kind_n of_o plum_n 170_o chap._n xxv_o of_o the_o kind_n of_o cherry_n 173_o chap._n xxvi_o of_o pear_n and_o their_o kind_n 175_o chap._n xxvii_o of_o apple_n and_o their_o kind_n 180_o chap._n xxviii_o of_o annoyance_n to_o fruit-tree_n 195_o chap._n xxix_o of_o gather_v fruit_n and_o the_o best_a way_n of_o make_v cider_n 204_o chap._n xxx_o brief_a monthly_a memorial_n for_o the_o planter_n 244_o the_o complete_a planter_n and_o cyderist_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o seminary_n and_o nursery_n seminary_n of_o prepare_v the_o ground_n for_o the_o seminary_n §_o 1._o against_o the_o beginning_n of_o october_n careful_o prepare_v ground_n by_o digging_z level_v and_o cleanse_v it_o from_o grass_n stones_n weed_n and_o root_n make_v the_o mould_n very_o fine_a choose_v not_o a_o wet_a or_o very_o stiff_a clay_n land_n nor_o over-rich_a with_o dung_n but_o such_o as_o be_v itself_o good_a you_o may_v make_v better_a only_o with_o a_o little_a mixture_n of_o very_a rot_a dung_n let_v it_o be_v fence_v from_o the_o cold_a as_o well_o as_o you_o can_v so_o that_o it_o be_v free_a from_o shade_n and_o dropping_n of_o tree_n stock_n how_o to_o set_v stone_n for_o stock_n §_o 2._o when_o you_o set_v stone_n which_o if_o they_o be_v stone_n of_o fruit_n soon_o ripe_a you_o must_v keep_v in_o sand_n till_o october_n do_v it_o by_o a_o line_n prick_v hole_n about_o six_o inch_n distance_n one_o from_o another_o and_o then_o put_v in_o the_o stone_n about_o two_o inch_n deep_a with_o the_o sharp_a end_n uppermost_o when_o one_o row_n be_v finish_v remove_v your_o line_n a_o foot_n far_o and_o set_v another_o row_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n but_o let_v your_o three_o row_n be_v about_o a_o yard_n distant_a from_o the_o second_o that_o you_o may_v have_v liberty_n to_o go_v between_o every_o two_o row_v to_o weed_n etc._n etc._n and_o set_v your_o plum-stone_n and_o cherry-stone_n each_o apart_o by_o themselves_o and_o so_o proceed_v to_o set_v as_o many_o as_o you_o have_v a_o mind_n possible_o some_o of_o these_o stone_n may_v not_o come_v up_o till_o the_o second_o spring_n after_o set_v and_o may_v not_o frustrate_v your_o desire_n if_o you_o then_o expect_v they_o some_o keep_v their_o stone_n in_o sand_n or_o earth_n in_o tub_n well_o cover_v for_o fear_n of_o mouse_n place_v in_o a_o dry_a cellar_n in_o a_o house_n and_o then_o in_o february_n they_o sow_v they_o have_v prepare_v their_o ground_n in_o trench_n as_o pease_n be_v sow_o the_o stone_n of_o apricock_n and_o peach_n be_v apt_a to_o spring_v too_o forward_o if_o set_v too_o soon_o and_o be_v nip_v by_o frost_n in_o like_a manner_n you_o may_v set_v stone_n of_o sloe_n haw_n etc._n etc._n etc._n how_o to_o set_v nut_n etc._n etc._n §_o 3._o after_o the_o same_o manner_n you_o be_v to_o set_v all_o kind_n of_o nut_n acorn_n ash-key_n or_o the_o seed_n or_o kernel_n of_o any_o other_o kind_n of_o shrub_n or_o tree_n but_o because_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o your_o young_a wallnut-tree_n and_o chestnut-tree_n shall_v grow_v long_o in_o your_o seedplot_n than_o stone-fruit_n before_o they_o will_v be_v fit_a to_o be_v remove_v to_o the_o place_n they_o be_v to_o spend_v their_o life_n in_o you_o must_v set_v they_o at_o much_o far_a distance_n that_o they_o may_v have_v more_o room_n to_o grow_v big_a without_o hurt_v one_o another_o seed_n how_o to_o sow_v seed_n §_o 4._o to_o raise_v stock_n from_o seed_n or_o kernel_n of_o apple_n pear_n or_o crab_n each_o of_o which_o sort_n be_v to_o be_v sow_v by_o themselves_o you_o must_v go_v thus_o to_o work_v when_o either_o you_o or_o any_o neighbour_n have_v make_v cider_n verjuice_n or_o perry_n take_v the_o must_v murc_n or_o as_o some_o call_v it_o the_o pouz_n which_o be_v the_o substance_n of_o the_o fruit_n after_o the_o juice_n be_v press_v out_o the_o same_o day_n or_o the_o next_o day_n after_o before_o it_o heat_n and_o with_o a_o riddle_n sift_v out_o the_o seed_n on_o a_o clean_a floor_n or_o cloth_n and_o these_o you_o must_v sow_v as_o soon_o as_o you_o can_v convenient_o upon_o bed_n of_o very_a fine_a earth_n very_o thick_a for_o some_o be_v bruise_v in_o the_o grind_n or_o pound_v the_o fruit_n and_o other_o not_o be_v ripe_a may_v never_o come_v up_o then_o sift_v mould_n upon_o they_o about_o two_o finger_n breadth_n in_o thickness_n this_o way_n be_v much_o better_a than_o to_o sow_v the_o seed_n with_o the_o must_v murc_n or_o pouz_n together_o as_o some_o do_v because_o the_o must_v will_v heat_v they_o and_o many_o of_o the_o seed_n will_v putrify_v and_o other_o will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o root_v or_o shoot_v up_o because_o they_o be_v so_o imprison_v in_o that_o dry_a and_o tough_a stuff_n cling_v about_o they_o the_o bed_n of_o earth_n you_o sow_v they_o on_o may_v be_v make_v about_o two_o foot_n in_o breadth_n with_o a_o good_a distance_n between_o the_o bed_n that_o you_o may_v the_o better_o come_v to_o weed_n they_o and_o draw_v they_o up_o as_o you_o have_v occasion_n prejudice_n how_o to_o secure_v they_o from_o prejudice_n §_o 5._o to_o keep_v fowl_n or_o bird_n from_o scrape_v they_o up_o lay_v some_o white_a thorn_n on_o the_o bed_n till_o the_o ground_n be_v well_o settle_v some_o cover_v the_o bed_n with_o fern_n or_o straw_n to_o keep_v they_o warm_v in_o the_o winter_n which_o may_v not_o do_v amiss_o but_o than_o it_o must_v be_v take_v off_o at_o the_o spring_n approach_n if_o mole_n or_o mouse_n get_v in_o which_o you_o may_v easy_o discover_v because_o the_o mouse_n leave_v shell_n of_o the_o seed_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o bed_n they_o must_v be_v destroy_v for_o mouse_n lay_v poison_n or_o oatmeal_n mix_v with_o glass_n pound_v small_a and_o butter_n and_o cast_v bit_n of_o it_o upon_o the_o bed_n or_o set_v trap_n for_o mole_n or_o mouse_n better_o know_v than_o describe_v the_o next_o spring_n you_o will_v see_v these_o stone_n and_o seed_n come_v up_o plentiful_o first_o the_o leave_n almost_o of_o the_o shape_n of_o the_o kernel_n split_v in_o two_o and_o from_o betwixt_o they_o will_v the_o stem_n put_v forth_o keep_v they_o clean_o from_o the_o weed_n all_o the_o year_n which_o must_v be_v pluck_v up_o while_o they_o be_v young_a lest_o if_o they_o get_v root_n in_o draw_v they_o up_o you_o root_v up_o the_o seedling_n with_o they_o but_o if_o in_o the_o weed_n any_o seedling_n come_v up_o set_v they_o again_o almost_o to_o the_o top_n then_o water_n they_o these_o weed_n and_o such_o as_o be_v pluck_v up_o any_o where_o else_o throw_v up_o into_o a_o heap_n will_v rot_v especial_o if_o any_o lime_n be_v scatter_v among_o they_o and_o become_v very_o good_a manure_n but_o this_o shall_v be_v before_o they_o be_v seed_v for_o then_o the_o manure_n make_v of_o they_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o make_v the_o ground_n it_o be_v cast_v upon_o more_o subject_n to_o weed_n if_o a_o dry_a time_n happen_v you_o may_v some_o time_n in_o the_o summer_n water_n the_o bed_n fruit._n the_o proper_a seed_n for_o stock_n and_o stock_n for_o each_o kind_n of_o fruit._n §_o 6._o your_o seminary_n be_v to_o be_v store_v with_o stock_n raise_v of_o stone_n and_o seed_n of_o these_o follow_v viz._n peach-stone_n be_v to_o yield_v stock_n for_o peach_n and_o nectarine_n stone_n of_o the_o wheat-plum_n which_o be_v a_o plum_n ripe_a in_o august_n and_o be_v white_a or_o of_o the_o white_a pear-plum_n or_o of_o some_o other_o good_a white_a plum_n in_o defect_n of_o they_o who_o tree_n put_v forth_o large_a shoot_v branch_n on_o stone_n of_o the_o white_a pear-plum_n or_o wheat-plum_n make_v the_o best_a stock_n for_o peach_n nectarine_n and_o apricock_n to_o be_v inoculate_v on_o and_o leave_n or_o for_o want_n of_o they_o stones_z of_o the_o mustle-plum_n black_a pear-plum_n primordian_a or_o any_o other_o black_a or_o red_a plum_n who_o tree_n be_v of_o free_a growth_n and_o large_o leave_v will_v yield_v you_o excellent_a stock_n for_o peach_n nectarine_n apricock_n and_o plum_n but_o stock_n raise_v from_o the_o stone_n of_o damson_n be_v
no_o because_o for_o a_o little_a money_n they_o can_v have_v plant_n from_o other_o ready_o bring_v up_o to_o their_o hand_n yet_o it_o be_v far_o better_a to_o have_v they_o of_o their_o own_o bring_v up_o and_o propagation_n and_o to_o have_v seminary_n and_o nursery_n of_o their_o own_o for_o this_o purpose_n for_o these_o reason_n i._o because_o this_o way_n a_o man_n shall_v be_v sure_a to_o meet_v with_o no_o failure_n either_o in_o the_o kind_n great_a bearing_n or_o goodness_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o fruit_n in_o all_o which_o he_o shall_v frequent_o be_v disappoint_v and_o lose_v much_o time_n and_o expense_n if_o he_o have_v his_o tree_n upon_o the_o reputation_n and_o trust_n of_o other_o who_o make_v a_o trade_n of_o sell_v they_o and_o be_v therefore_o many_o time_n incurious_a careless_a and_o perhaps_o knavish_a in_o raise_v they_o and_o in_o stead_n of_o the_o right_a kind_n if_o they_o can_v get_v either_o ease_n or_o any_o thing_n by_o it_o will_v not_o stick_v to_o put_v he_o off_o with_o another_o ii_o this_o trouble_n and_o expense_n of_o buy_v young_a plant_n and_o get_v they_o home_o many_o time_n from_o place_n very_o remote_a and_o the_o prejudice_n they_o often_o receive_v in_o the_o carriage_n will_v be_v whole_o prevent_v iii_o this_o way_n a_o man_n shall_v with_o almost_o the_o same_o labour_n and_o charge_n both_o furnish_v himself_o sufficient_o and_o have_v so_o many_o more_o as_o to_o defray_v the_o charge_n he_o may_v be_v at_o about_o it_o if_o he_o will_v sell_v they_o or_o to_o gratify_v his_o friend_n if_o he_o have_v rather_o bestow_v they_o iv_o he_o will_v this_o way_n be_v provide_v with_o stock_n for_o apple_n pear_n plum_n cherry_n and_o all_o choice_a wall-fruit_n raise_v from_o kernel_n and_o stone_n of_o fruit_n which_o be_v incomparable_o better_o than_o stock_n procure_v any_o other_o way_n and_o last_o those_o that_o propagate_v tree_n for_o sale_n have_v their_o nursery_n exceed_v fat_a rich_a and_o fertile_a whereby_o tree_n remove_v out_o of_o they_o into_o the_o orchard_n etc._n etc._n of_o other_o which_o be_v always_o almost_o of_o a_o far_a courser_n and_o worse_a soil_n frequent_o prin_fw-mi pine_v away_o and_o very_o often_o die_v and_o if_o they_o live_v they_o seldom_o prove_v fair_a large_a or_o well_o bear_v tree_n and_o it_o often_o happen_v that_o the_o air_n and_o soil_n into_o which_o they_o be_v remove_v be_v heterogeneous_a and_o unsuitable_a for_o tree_n come_v out_o of_o the_o air_n and_o nursery_n you_o have_v they_o for_o it_o be_v a_o sure_a rule_n always_o to_o transplant_v or_o remove_v tree_n or_o stock_n from_o a_o worse_o to_o a_o better_a soil_n upon_o every_o removal_n and_o then_o they_o will_v prosper_v well_o so_o tree_n remove_v out_o of_o the_o south_n into_o the_o north_n seldom_o prosper_v whereas_o tree_n remove_v out_o of_o the_o north_n into_o the_o rich_a southern_a soil_n like_v well_o so_o tree_n bring_v up_o in_o nursery_n in_o lancashire_n and_o transplant_v into_o ireland_n thrive_v and_o bear_v exceed_v well_o ground_n about_o the_o bark_n of_o tree_n on_o barren_a ground_n §_o 15._o stock_n or_o tree_n that_o grow_v on_o barren_a ground_n have_v common_o their_o bark_n very_o white_a and_o hard_a whereas_o those_o on_o good_a land_n have_v their_o bark_n very_o smooth_a green_a and_o plump_a and_o the_o last_o year_n shoot_v large_a and_o full_a but_o the_o other_o shoot_n be_v short_a small_a and_o meagar_n crabtree_n how_o to_o raise_v a_o fence_n of_o crabtree_n §_o 16._o if_o one_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o raise_v a_o good_a new_a fence_n about_o a_o field_n he_o design_n to_o enclose_v which_o he_o can_v keep_v for_o four_o or_o five_o year_n together_o to_o bear_v corn_n or_o clover-grass_n to_o mow_v that_o cattle_n may_v be_v so_o long_o keep_v out_o of_o it_o he_o may_v do_v it_o rare_o well_o by_o sow_v apple-kernel_n of_o as_o many_o sort_n as_o he_o will_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o new-made_a ditch-bank_n make_v the_o dead_a hedge_n that_o be_v usual_o on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o bank_n on_o the_o utside_n of_o the_o ditch_n to_o defend_v they_o when_o they_o be_v grow_v up_o he_o may_v plaish_fw-mi this_o hedge_n leave_v at_o every_o four_o or_o five_o yard_n distance_n one_o of_o the_o best_a tree_n to_o grow_v up_o which_o of_o themselves_o will_v bear_v good_a cyder-fruit_n which_o he_o may_v guess_v at_o by_o the_o broadness_n and_o largeness_n of_o the_o leave_v they_o bring_v forth_o or_o may_v be_v graft_v to_o bear_v what_o please_v the_o owner_n and_o by_o this_o mean_n in_o a_o little_a time_n and_o with_o small_a charge_n he_o shall_v have_v a_o fruitbearing_a and_o impregnable_a hedge_n stone_n remove_v out_o of_o the_o seminary_n all_o stock_n whether_o raise_v of_o seed_n or_o stone_n §_o 17._o let_v all_o stock_n whatever_o that_o be_v remove_v grow_v a_o year_n or_o two_o before_o you_o graft_v they_o and_o notwithstanding_o some_o opinion_n to_o the_o contrary_a no_o sort_n of_o young_a plant_n or_o stock_n that_o come_v of_o seed_n or_o stone_n aught_o to_o be_v graft_v or_o inoculate_v in_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v sow_v before_o that_o they_o have_v be_v remove_v because_o if_o they_o be_v not_o remove_v they_o thrust_v down_o a_o single_a root_n or_o two_o common_o into_o clay_n gravel_n or_o moist_a ground_n etc._n etc._n which_o root_n or_o root_n draw_v bad_a nourishment_n from_o below_o the_o good_a soil_n which_o always_o be_v near_a the_o top_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o thereby_o hurt_v tree_n root_n and_o fruit_n and_o in_o case_n any_o of_o they_o be_v there_o graft_v and_o remove_v afterward_o they_o want_v good_a root_n and_o be_v difficult_a to_o remove_v because_o not_o remove_v when_o young_a of_o one_o or_o two_o summer_n growth_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o way_n manner_n and_o time_n of_o graft_v in_o the_o time_n to_o graft_v in_o §_o 1._o from_o the_o middle_n of_o january_a until_o the_o beginning_n of_o march_n if_o the_o wether_n be_v open_a without_o frost_n and_o grow_v warm_a the_o wind_n not_o be_v north_n or_o north-east_n you_o may_v graft_v plum_n cherry_n and_o pear_n but_o not_o apple_n till_o the_o bark_n of_o the_o stock_n will_v a_o little_a rise_n or_o peel_n from_o the_o wood_n which_o be_v seldom_o before_o the_o middle_n of_o march_n and_o often_o not_o till_o april_n because_o this_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o best_a way_n of_o graft_v they_o but_o if_o you_o will_v graft_v any_o apple_n in_o the_o cleft_n you_o may_v do_v it_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n until_o the_o ten_o of_o april_n and_o that_o with_o success_n but_o graft_v in_o the_o cleave_v early_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n be_v best_a especial_o if_o the_o weather_n be_v mild_a and_o open_a and_o graft_v not_o within_o sixteen_o hour_n before_o or_o after_o the_o change_n or_o full_a of_o the_o moon_n instrument_n the_o graft_v instrument_n §_o 2._o your_o instrument_n to_o graft_v with_o be_v to_o be_v a_o fine_a neat_a sharp_a small_a well-set_a saw_n to_o cut_v off_o the_o head_n of_o some_o stock_n which_o be_v grow_v too_o big_a for_o the_o knife_n a_o good_a strong_a pruning-knife_n make_v a_o very_a little_a come_n which_o will_v be_v ready_a to_o cut_v off_o the_o head_n of_o your_o small_a stock_n you_o intend_v to_o graft_v also_o a_o good_a middling_a knife_n to_o cleave_v some_o of_o the_o small_a sort_n of_o stock_n with_o also_o a_o instrument_n like_o a_o broad_a chisel_n the_o handle_n of_o iron_n and_o the_o edge_n alike_o on_o both_o side_n not_o slope_v on_o one_o side_n like_o that_o of_o joiner_n but_o plain_a as_o a_o knife_n and_o very_o thin_a about_o three_o or_o four_o inch_n in_o breadth_n with_o which_o you_o may_v either_o cleave_v your_o large_a stock_n or_o prune_v your_o tree_n also_o a_o little_a mallet_n or_o else_o a_o stick_n about_o a_o foot_n long_o make_v of_o a_o old_a spade_n or_o shovel_n handle_v or_o some_o other_o hard_a wood_n to_o use_v instead_o of_o a_o mallet_n to_o drive_v your_o knife_n when_o you_o cleave_v the_o stock_n also_o a_o iron_n tool_n about_o six_o inch_n in_o length_n make_v turn_v at_o each_o end_n about_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a if_o it_o be_v steel_v at_o either_o end_n it_o will_v be_v the_o better_a and_o not_o so_o apt_a to_o bend_v when_o you_o open_v a_o strong_a stock_n these_o end_n be_v to_o be_v make_v flat_a a_o little_a like_o a_o chisel_n but_o not_o above_o half_a a_o inch_n broad_a at_o most_o only_o pretty_a strong_a if_o yond_o will_n one_o end_n may_v be_v pretty_a small_a for_o the_o small_a stock_n and_o the_o other_o big_a the_o use_n of_o it_o be_v to_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o a_o wedge_n
the_o last_o year_n shoot_v or_o sprout_v and_o value_v not_o a_o joint_n of_o the_o former_a year_n growth_n unless_o the_o graft_n be_v too_o short_a for_o the_o straight_a and_o smooth_a your_o graft_n be_v the_o more_o exact_o you_o may_v fit_v it_o to_o your_o stock_n especial_o if_o your_o stock_n be_v young_a and_o have_v but_o a_o thin_a sap_n and_o this_o be_v very_o successful_a however_o graft_v at_o a_o joint_n may_v do_v well_o if_o the_o stock_n have_v a_o thick_a sap_n or_o bark_n as_o common_o your_o woodstock_n and_o all_o large_a tree_n have_v the_o wood_n below_o the_o knot_n or_o seam_n be_v common_o crooked_a and_o not_o so_o smooth_a and_o straight_o as_o the_o wood_n below_o a_o bud_n on_o the_o thick_a end_n of_o the_o last_o year_n shoot_v therefore_o rather_o graft_v at_o a_o bud_n because_o you_o may_v join_v the_o graft_n and_o stock_n the_o more_o exact_o at_o height_n to_o graft_v at_o §_o 5._o if_o you_o graft_v apple_n or_o pear-cyens_a graft_v a_o foot_n or_o less_o from_o the_o ground_n do_v the_o like_a for_o wall-tree_n and_o dwarf-tree_n but_o if_o you_o graft_v cherry_n or_o plum-cyens_a for_o standard_n in_o orchard_n or_o field_n graft_v they_o six_o or_o seven_o foot_n high_a and_o at_o that_o height_n let_v they_o begin_v to_o spread_v and_o when_o you_o graft_v cut_v the_o top_n of_o the_o cyen_n or_o graft_v off_o close_o above_o a_o bud_n about_o four_o or_o five_o inch_n above_o the_o shoulder_n if_o it_o be_v for_o a_o standard-tree_n two_o bud_n above_o the_o clay_n be_v full_a enough_o but_o for_o dwarf_n or_o wall-tree_n you_o may_v let_v the_o cyens_n or_o graft_n be_v six_o inch_n or_o more_o long_o with_o several_a bud_n that_o they_o may_v shoot_v forth_o many_o branch_n and_o spread_v from_o the_o very_a stock_n if_o you_o graft_v old_a apple_n or_o pear-tree_n or_o their_o branch_n you_o must_v graft_v according_a to_o the_o thickness_n of_o their_o branch_n which_o be_v usual_o seven_o or_o eight_o foot_n high_a or_o more_o it_o will_v do_v well_o in_o graft_a stock_n for_o large_a standard_n to_o put_v but_o one_o cyen_n or_o graft_n into_o a_o stock_n unless_o the_o stock_n be_v very_o large_a or_o a_o old_a tree_n you_o graft_v and_o if_o it_o put_v forth_o several_a shoot_v to_o cut_v off_o all_o but_o one_o that_o be_v the_o straight_a and_o strong_a but_o for_o dwarf_n and_o wall-fruit_n put_v in_o two_o cyen_n if_o the_o stock_n be_v big_a enough_o let_v the_o late_a be_v graft_v near_o the_o ground_n the_o former_a at_o such_o height_n you_o think_v fit_a and_o the_o stock_n will_v allow_v graft_v the_o size_n of_o stock_n to_o be_v graft_v §_o 6._o if_o the_o plant_n that_o you_o remove_v out_o of_o the_o seedplot_n into_o the_o nursery_n and_o such_o stock_n for_o stone-fruit_n in_o the_o seedplot_n as_o you_o intend_v to_o graft_v be_v half_o a_o inch_n over_o in_o thickness_n where_o they_o be_v to_o be_v graft_v or_o little_o more_o it_o be_v enough_o it_o be_v best_a not_o to_o have_v they_o above_o a_o inch_n in_o the_o diameter_n both_o that_o you_o may_v lose_v no_o time_n and_o that_o the_o stock_n may_v be_v easy_o cover_v by_o the_o cyen_n or_o graft_n in_o the_o cleave_v you_o may_v graft_v any_o stock_n that_o be_v a_o little_a above_o half_a a_o inch_n to_o three_o inch_n diameter_n at_o the_o place_n to_o be_v graft_v at_o but_o one_o inch_n diameter_n of_o the_o stock_n at_o the_o graft_a place_n be_v the_o best_a kind_n how_o to_o mark_v tree_n to_o know_v and_o distinguish_v their_o kind_n §_o 7._o in_o graft_v or_o inoculate_v its_o necessary_a to_o have_v some_o mark_n to_o know_v what_o kind_n of_o fruit_n be_v put_v upon_o each_o stock_n if_o you_o graft_v many_o of_o one_o kind_n as_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o cyder-fruit_n you_o may_v observe_v to_o make_v every_o row_n to_o consist_v but_o of_o one_o kind_n and_o it_o be_v but_o enter_v in_o a_o book_n that_o such_o a_o row_n have_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o fruit_n in_o it_o and_o no_o other_o but_o where_o there_o be_v several_a in_o one_o row_n there_o may_v be_v a_o stake_n knock_v into_o the_o ground_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o every_o new_a sort_n and_o so_o enter_v in_o your_o book_n and_o where_o you_o have_v very_o few_o of_o a_o kind_n or_o for_o the_o whole_a nursery_n if_o you_o please_v you_o may_v make_v mark_n of_o several_a figure_n or_o shape_n in_o the_o bark_n of_o the_o stock_n which_o mark_n enter_v in_o your_o book_n and_o what_o kind_n it_o denote_v and_o at_o two_o or_o three_o year_n when_o you_o remove_v it_o the_o mark_n will_v be_v very_o visible_a and_o by_o renew_v the_o mark_n sometime_o you_o may_v continue_v it_o as_o long_o as_o you_o please_v and_o if_o any_o tree_n be_v steal_v you_o may_v own_v it_o by_o the_o mark_n which_o be_v make_v with_o the_o point_n of_o a_o penknife_n by_o cut_v almost_o through_o the_o bark_n of_o the_o stock_n the_o form_n of_o a_o letter_n or_o any_o other_o figure_n or_o character_n whereby_o to_o know_v the_o kind_n of_o fruit_n forth_o bud_n on_o the_o stock_n at_o graft_v not_o to_o be_v pull_v off_o until_o the_o grâ—ft_n put_v forth_o §_o 8._o bud_n upon_o the_o stock_n that_o be_v engraft_v shall_v be_v let_v alone_o all_z or_o most_o of_o they_o until_o the_o graft_n have_v put_v forth_o bud_n of_o their_o own_o and_o be_v able_a to_o draw_v up_o the_o sap_n out_o of_o the_o stock_n and_o then_o rub_v off_o all_o the_o bud_n on_o the_o stock_n below_o the_o graft_n that_o they_o may_v have_v all_o the_o sap._n §_o 9_o stock_n that_o be_v white_a when_o you_o graft_v they_o will_v seldom_o make_v the_o graft_n to_o grow_v well_o and_o prosper_v the_o whiteness_n be_v cause_v through_o the_o barrenness_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o observe_v what_o length_n the_o stock_n do_v shoot_v out_o sprouts_n the_o foregoing_a year_n and_o common_o so_o long_o will_v the_o graft_n shoot_v out_o or_o more_o if_o it_o take_v well_o chap._n iii_o how_o to_o graft_v several_a way_n §_o 1._o there_o be_v several_a way_n of_o graft_v and_o all_o good_a if_o judicious_o and_o dexterous_o perform_v to_o which_o end_n i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o set_v down_o the_o most_o plain_a and_o exact_a description_n of_o each_o way_n for_o the_o better_a and_o true_a information_n of_o the_o young_a planter_n and_o first_o begin_v with_o that_o call_v slice_v or_o pack_v on_o which_o be_v describe_v at_o large_a may_v serve_v as_o a_o general_n direction_n for_o all_o on_o graft_v call_v slice_v or_o pack_v on_o §_o 1._o cut_a off_o the_o top_n of_o stock_n in_o some_o smooth_a and_o straight_a place_n that_o may_v be_v answerable_a to_o the_o straightness_n of_o the_o graft_n when_o set_v on_o if_o you_o do_v it_o with_o a_o handsaw_a cut_v it_o smooth_v afterward_o with_o a_o knife_n leave_v the_o top_n flat_a and_o even_o then_o prepare_v your_o cyen_n or_o graft_n first_o observe_v which_o side_n be_v straight_a at_o the_o bottom_n or_o thick_a end_n that_o so_o it_o may_v fit_v the_o straight_a part_n of_o the_o stock_n when_o set_v on_o by_o cut_v the_o graft_n or_o cyen_v on_o one_o side_n only_o from_o the_o joint_n knot_n or_o seam_n if_o the_o part_n below_o it_o be_v smooth_a and_o straight_o the_o knot_n or_o seam_n be_v a_o circle_n round_o about_o the_o graft_n divide_v and_o distinguish_v the_o last_o summer_n growth_n from_o the_o former_a or_o from_o some_o one_o bud_n on_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o last_o year_n shoot_v or_o sprout_v down_o slopewise_o in_o the_o wood_n till_o it_o be_v cut_v quite_o off_o in_o that_o the_o slope_n may_v be_v about_o a_o inch_n long_o or_o something_o more_o observing_z it_o be_v bend_v that_o when_o the_o graft_n or_o cyen_n be_v fix_v to_o the_o stock_n it_o may_v stand_v almost_o upright_o and_o cut_v the_o graft_n or_o cyen_v thin_a at_o the_o bottom_n of_o cut_a place_n yet_o leave_v on_o all_o the_o bark_n on_o the_o opposite_a side_n then_o give_v a_o cut_v cross_n through_o the_o bark_n at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o slope_n and_o then_o cut_v a_o thin_a chip_n of_o that_o slope_n upward_o to_o the_o cross_a cut_n that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o shoulder_n to_o rest_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stock_n but_o cut_v not_o this_o shoulder_n too_o deep_a little_o more_o than_o through_o the_o bark_n will_v be_v enough_o and_o this_o will_v cause_v a_o little_a rise_n in_o the_o slope_v part_n which_o you_o must_v cut_v down_o that_o the_o whole_a slope_n may_v be_v plain_a and_o smooth_a without_o dint_n or_o rise_n and_o lie_v even_o and_o close_o to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o stock_n cut_a
the_o land_n you_o intend_v for_o it_o be_v a_o turf_n or_o green-sward_a you_o ought_v to_o plough_v it_o two_o year_n before_o you_o set_v your_o tree_n in_o it_o to_o make_v it_o mellow_a and_o loose_a that_o the_o tree_n may_v be_v better_o take_v root_n and_o you_o may_v then_o lay_v on_o manure_n which_o by_o plough_v will_v be_v well_o mix_v with_o the_o natural_a soil_n and_o use_v such_o manure_n as_o will_v best_o suit_v to_o amend_v it_o and_o if_o you_o sow_v the_o ground_n about_o ten_o day_n after_o the_o midsummur_n before_o you_o plant_v with_o turnip_n and_o when_o they_o be_v get_v off_o which_o will_v be_v about_o november_n if_o you_o please_v then_o set_v your_o tree_n they_o will_v like_v well_o §_o 10._o where_o the_o natural_a soil_n be_v not_o good_a of_o itself_o whether_o it_o be_v in_o garden_n orchard_n or_o field_n there_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v by_o skill_n assist_v and_o better_v at_o least_o wise_a for_o such_o a_o compass_n as_o the_o root_n of_o every_o tree_n take_v up_o for_o some_o time_n if_o not_o so_o far_o round_o as_o they_o be_v ever_o like_a to_o extend_v themselves_o and_o this_o must_v be_v do_v by_o mix_v such_o manure_n with_o the_o soil_n as_o suit_n best_o with_o its_o temper_n if_o the_o soil_n be_v clay_n or_o clay_n mix_v with_o gravel_n or_o wet_a heavy_a land_n hot_a dung_n as_o that_o of_o horse_n or_o poultry_n or_o for_o want_n of_o that_o of_o ox_n or_o cow_n be_v best_a to_o mix_v with_o it_o to_o bring_v it_o to_o a_o due_a temperament_n and_o if_o the_o soil_n be_v light_n hollow_a esky_a or_o sandy_a land_n marle_n mud_n out_o of_o a_o pond_n ditch_n or_o river_n or_o shoveling_n of_o dirty_a yard_n or_o highway_n if_o they_o be_v not_o sandy_a and_o be_v well_o mellow_v by_o lie_v on_o heap_n and_o especial_o if_o those_o heap_n be_v mix_v with_o lime_n be_v proper_a to_o mend_v it_o if_o this_o last_o soil_n be_v barren_a likewise_o you_o may_v proper_o add_v a_o mixture_n of_o neat_n dung._n it_o have_v be_v see_v that_o a_o appletree_n on_o a_o hemp-but_a which_o be_v constant_o plough_v and_o manure_v to_o a_o great_a richness_n bear_v more_o apple_n than_o four_o such_o tree_n in_o a_o orchard_n will_v do_v and_o it_o be_v constant_o see_v in_o barren_a hungry_a land_n tree_n thrive_v poor_o grow_v mossey_n or_o bark-bound_a bear_v seldom_o and_o that_o a_o poor_a fruit_n only_a walnut-tree_n and_o pear-tree_n do_v not_o necessary_o require_v a_o very_a rich_a ground_n and_o will_v prosper_v best_a on_o stony_n and_o light_a land_n if_o your_o land_n be_v too_o rich_a which_o be_v seldom_o see_v you_o may_v mix_v coal-ash_n with_o it_o order_n moist_a land_n to_o order_n §_o 11._o if_o your_o land_n be_v very_o flat_a that_o wet_a be_v apt_a to_o stand_v upon_o it_o or_o be_v a_o shallow_a soil_n you_o may_v something_o help_v it_o in_o plough_v also_o by_o gather_v the_o land_n always_o up_o in_o and_o near_o the_o place_n where_o you_o intend_v the_o row_v of_o tree_n shall_v afterward_o stand_v which_o in_o two_o year_n time_n will_v something_o raise_v it_o and_o thicken_v the_o soil_n and_o the_o furrow_n so_o make_v will_v help_v to_o carry_v off_o the_o water_n or_o which_o be_v better_o raise_v the_o land_n on_o broad_a ridge_n that_o the_o middle_n of_o they_o may_v be_v about_o 24_o or_o 30_o foot_n distance_n according_a as_o you_o intend_v to_o plant_v your_o tree_n let_v the_o interval_n between_o the_o ridge_n be_v about_o eight_o foot_n broad_a and_o the_o earth_n take_v up_o between_o about_o a_o foot_n deep_a and_o cast_v on_o the_o ridge_n which_o will_v make_v the_o ground_n thick_a of_o the_o best_a soil_n than_o before_o it_o be_v that_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tree_n you_o plant_v on_o the_o ridge_n can_v run_v down_o nor_o spread_v into_o the_o bad_a soil_n which_o otherwise_o it_o will_v do_v by_o this_o mean_v the_o tree_n will_v thrive_v and_o prosper_v well_o as_o may_v be_v perceive_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o some_o land_n and_o the_o hedge_n that_o appletree_n will_v thrive_v better_o there_o than_o on_o the_o level-land_n order_n moist_a land_n to_o order_n §_o 12._o if_o it_o be_v a_o springey_n moist_a or_o spewy_a land_n you_o must_v trench_v it_o at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o that_o deep_a than_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o spring_n run_v in_o the_o earth_n which_o you_o may_v leave_v open_a and_o yearly_o cleanse_v or_o fill_v it_o up_o with_o alder_n or_o oler-bough_n and_o cover_v they_o with_o the_o turf_n and_o earth_n that_o come_v forth_o much_o high_a than_o the_o other_o land_n for_o the_o wood_n and_o loose_a earth_n will_v sink_v very_o much_o by_o degree_n or_o you_o may_v dig_v several_a narrow_a trench_n one_o between_o each_o row_n of_o tree_n descend_v to_o some_o ditch_n at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o your_o ground_n and_o lay_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o alder-frith_n or_o faggot_n of_o beech_n and_o fill_v the_o trench_n again_o on_o the_o say_v frith_n or_o faggot_n with_o earth_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o the_o water_n will_v insinuate_o pass_v through_o the_o say_a wood_n to_o the_o low_a side_n of_o the_o ground_n leave_v the_o rest_n dryer_n but_o if_o you_o can_v easy_o do_v this_o order_z it_o as_o at_o the_o forego_n section_n §_o 13._o if_o it_o be_v springey_n but_o only_o lie_v so_o low_a and_o flat_a that_o in_o the_o winter_n rain_n or_o land-flood_n will_v lie_v upon_o it_o and_o that_o it_o have_v be_v late_o plough_v or_o that_o you_o will_v not_o lose_v two_o year_n time_n by_o plough_v it_o before_o you_o set_v your_o tree_n or_o if_o it_o be_v shallow_a or_o ebb_a soil_n you_o may_v set_v your_o tree_n by_o tump_v order_n hot_a dry_a land_n to_o order_n §_o 14._o if_o your_o ground_n be_v a_o hot_a dry_a sandy_a shallow_a land_n marle_n lay_v on_o the_o surface_n and_o there_o spread_v will_v cool_v sadden_fw-mi and_o make_v it_o rich_a or_o if_o you_o can_v cause_v the_o current_n of_o some_o rill_n of_o water_n or_o rather_o water_n that_o run_v from_o pool_n pond_n or_o dunghill_n to_o over_o flow_v it_o sometime_o which_o will_v not_o only_o moisten_v but_o make_v the_o ground_n fertile_a also_o and_o the_o tree_n prosper_v well_o fern_n or_o any_o other_o vegetable_n nay_o stone_n cover_v such_o land_n will_v preserve_v it_o cool_a and_o moist_a order_n gravelly-ground_n to_o order_n §_o 15._o gravel-ground_n be_v as_o bad_a as_o any_o because_o a_o tree_n in_o they_o can_v root_n to_o any_o great_a bigness_n and_o if_o muck_n or_o other_o soil_n be_v lay_v to_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n in_o such_o land_n the_o gravel_n will_v in_o a_o few_o year_n eat_v it_o up_o and_o convert_v it_o unto_o its_o own_o nature_n but_o if_o a_o little_a stony_n a_o mixture_n of_o mould_n among_o the_o stone_n and_o at_o the_o dig_v to_o pick_v our_o the_o large_a stone_n than_o tree_n will_v root_n indifferent_a well_o in_o such_o ground_n land_n overflown_a land_n §_o 16._o if_o land_n be_v subject_a to_o be_v overflow_v by_o the_o inundation_n of_o river_n or_o other_o fall_v of_o water_n so_o as_o the_o water_n stand_v not_o too_o long_o upon_o it_o nor_o the_o land_n be_v of_o a_o stiff_a cold_a nature_n it_o be_v very_o good_a for_o fruit-tree_n ground_n of_o uneven_a ground_n §_o 17._o if_o there_o be_v any_o unevenness_n in_o the_o land_n some_o direct_a to_o level_v it_o by_o carry_v the_o bank_n into_o the_o low_a place_n but_o this_o will_v not_o only_o be_v very_o chargeable_a but_o hurtful_a by_o make_v the_o high_a place_n too_o barren_a and_o the_o low_a ground_n too_o rich_a but_o that_o your_o tree_n may_v grow_v somewhat_o level_a in_o their_o top_n and_o not_o one_o overshade_v another_o and_o also_o appear_v comely_a you_o may_v forecast_v to_o set_v such_o tree_n as_o grow_v pendent_a or_o be_v not_o apt_a to_o grow_v tall_a tree_n on_o the_o high_a ground_n and_o such_o as_o be_v aspire_v in_o the_o low_a place_n orchard_n the_o fence_n and_o order_n of_o tree_n in_o a_o orchard_n §_o 18._o enclose_v your_o orchard_n with_o a_o good_a double_a ditch_n about_o four_o foot_n high_a and_o plant_v thereon_o two_o row_v of_o good_a hawthorn_n or_o whitethorn_n which_o will_v be_v a_o excellent_a fence_n by_o the_o time_n that_o the_o fruit-tree_n bear_v to_o keep_v out_o cattle_n from_o crop_v the_o tender_a twig_n of_o the_o fruit-tree_n and_o rub_v against_o their_o stem_n and_o unruly_a people_n from_o destroy_v the_o fruit._n good_a white-thorn_n be_v the_o best_a quick-fence_n for_o your_o orchard_n when_o it_o be_v grow_v up_o may_v be_v plaish_v the_o better_a to_o prevent_v hog_n or_o sheep_n for_o creep_v into_o
it_o set_a no_o smooth_a quick_a in_o it_o that_o may_v grow_v to_o great_a tree_n because_o they_o will_v be_v hurtful_a both_o to_o the_o hedge_n and_o fruit-tree_n both_o by_o their_o top_n and_o root_n when_o they_o be_v grow_v up_o have_v set_v two_o row_v of_o good_a hawthorn_n and_o make_v the_o dead_a hedge_n on_o the_o outside_n the_o ditch_n the_o quickset_a will_v grow_v the_o fast_o for_o the_o dead_a hedge_n upon_o the_o ditch_n be_v apt_a to_o choke_v the_o quicksets_a and_o thus_o with_o sometime_o weed_n it_o you_o may_v soon_o raise_v a_o good_a fence_n if_o you_o have_v a_o old_a hedge_n already_o about_o your_o orchard_n scour_v the_o ditch_n and_o plaish_fw-mi the_o hedge_n and_o cut_v down_o all_o big_a tree_n that_o grow_v in_o it_o unless_o on_o the_o north_n and_o westside_n the_o one_o require_v a_o defence_n to_o keep_v the_o orchard_n warm_a the_o other_o to_o secure_v it_o somewhat_o from_o the_o strong_a wind_n that_o blow_v down_o the_o fruit_n before_o 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either_o to_o corn_n hay_o or_o pasture_n and_o its_o best_a in_o this_o way_n to_o plant_v the_o courser_n hard_a and_o long-keeping_a kind_n of_o fruit_n which_o will_v not_o be_v mean_o serviceable_a to_o a_o family_n by_o use_v they_o either_o for_o bake_v or_o cider_n these_o tree_n be_v about_o seven_o foot_n high_a before_o they_o begin_v to_o spread_v will_v be_v out_o of_o the_o reach_n of_o cattle_n and_o not_o troublesome_a to_o workman_n about_o hay_n and_o corn_n in_o summertime_n if_o plant_v twenty_o or_o thirty_o yard_n distant_a one_o from_o another_o and_o in_o rank_n throughout_o the_o field_n that_o the_o blow_n may_v continue_v a_o straight_a furrow_n all_o along_o from_o one_o end_n to_o the_o other_o whereby_o corn_n will_v grow_v near_o the_o root_n of_o such_o tree_n almost_o as_o good_a as_o any_o where_n in_o the_o field_n and_o grass_n as_o much_o or_o more_o under_o tree_n as_o where_o none_o be_v though_o not_o altogether_o so_o sweet_a by_o reason_n of_o 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in_o one_o year_n which_o will_v save_v the_o expense_n of_o much_o malt_n though_o the_o liquor_n be_v but_o mean_v there_o be_v several_a way_n of_o plant_v in_o the_o field_n all_o which_o be_v here_o set_v down_o that_o every_o man_n may_v use_v that_o which_o suit_v best_a with_o his_o conveniency_n and_o good_a like_v §_o 3._o if_o your_o land_n be_v in_o tillage_n you_o may_v set_v fruit-tree_n at_o thirty_o yard_n distance_n from_o one_o another_o field_n how_o to_o plantwhole_a field_n throughout_o the_o whole_a field_n in_o straight_a and_o direct_a row_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o orchard_n and_o you_o may_v go_v on_o with_o your_o plough_v with_o the_o loss_n only_o of_o about_o a_o yard_n or_o four_o foot_n square_n of_o land_n about_o every_o tree_n for_o twenty_o year_n at_o least_o and_o when_o they_o be_v grow_v so_o big_a that_o you_o think_v your_o corn_n receive_v hurt_v by_o the_o shade_n or_o dropping_n of_o the_o tree_n if_o you_o can_v turn_v it_o to_o pasture_n the_o tree_n will_v improve_v most_o kind_a of_o land_n by_o keep_v it_o warm_a in_o the_o spring_n they_o will_v make_v the_o grass_n come_v and_o grow_v more_o early_o and_o by_o shade_n in_o the_o summer_n preserve_v it_o from_o burn_v but_o the_o tree_n be_v set_v at_o such_o a_o distance_n the_o land_n may_v continue_v for_o any_o purpose_n for_o ever_o if_o you_o dress_v or_o prune_n these_o tree_n high_a up_o than_o any_o other_o that_o no_o bough_n may_v hang_v in_o the_o reach_n of_o cattle_n and_o for_o convenience_n of_o go_v about_o they_o with_o your_o team_n to_o any_o work_n and_o thereby_o the_o air_n and_o rain_n will_v have_v free_a access_n to_o the_o grass_n or_o grain_n near_o about_o they_o and_o the_o fruit_n will_v be_v safe_a from_o common_a pilferer_n these_o need_v no_o other_o fence_v than_o thorn_n bind_v about_o they_o and_o a_o stake_n drive_v in_o the_o midst_n to_o keep_v they_o from_o shake_v because_o you_o may_v receive_v the_o prosit_fw-la 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as_o the_o other_o do_v and_o those_o in_o the_o cleft_n be_v not_o so_o apt_a to_o grow_v all_o of_o they_o nor_o to_o make_v so_o great_a a_o growth_n as_o those_o in_o the_o bark_n which_o with_o a_o little_a wariness_n may_v be_v preserve_v from_o danger_n of_o the_o wind_n and_o full_a as_o much_o care_n must_v be_v have_v about_o those_o graft_v in_o the_o cleft_n if_o you_o will_v preserve_v they_o all_o from_o the_o same_o prejudice_n tree_n how_o to_o graft_v old_a tree_n §_o 12._o you_o may_v observe_v the_o follow_a difference_n in_o graft_v these_o great_a fough_n from_o all_o the_o forementioned_a variety_n of_o graft_a and_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o thing_n well_o worthy_a to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o and_o observe_v when_o you_o have_v prepare_v the_o cyen_v as_o you_o be_v direct_v to_o do_v when_o you_o graft_v in_o the_o bark_n apply_v it_o to_o the_o place_n you_o design_n to_o put_v it_o in_o and_o slit_v the_o bark_n of_o the_o bough_n through_o on_o both_o 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the_o head_n be_v not_o so_o apt_a to_o break_v it_o out_o as_o if_o it_o drive_v it_o from_o the_o head_n bound_v the_o head_n and_o clay_n they_o as_o you_o hear_v before_o and_o continue_v to_o do_v so_o yearly_a till_o the_o head_n be_v almost_o cover_v at_o first_o clay_v stick_v in_o feather_n or_o long_a escures_n to_o prevent_v bird_n light_v on_o the_o cyens_n in_o july_n follow_v whether_o you_o graft_v these_o big_a stock_n in_o the_o cleft_n or_o bark_n pick_v off_o most_o of_o the_o leave_n of_o the_o cyens_n and_o cut_v off_o such_o sprig_n as_o grow_v inward_a will_v make_v the_o head_n thick_a and_o all_o straggle_a out_o bough_n that_o the_o wind_n may_v not_o have_v so_o much_o force_n upon_o they_o to_o break_v the_o branch_n out_o of_o the_o stock_n cut_a off_o also_o some_o of_o the_o big_a shoot_v the_o crabtree_n put_v forth_o of_o its_o own_o kind_n but_o for_o the_o first_o three_o year_n you_o must_v not_o cut_v off_o all_o leave_v the_o tree_n not_o have_v liberty_n to_o vent_v all_o the_o sap_n that_o come_v up_o surfeit_n and_o die_v the_o small_a graft_n not_o be_v able_a to_o receive_v near_o so_o much_o sap_n as_o the_o old_a top_n do_v the_o year_n before_o thus_o many_o countryman_n when_o they_o take_v off_o the_o head_n of_o a_o old_a oak_n have_v sometime_o find_v it_o die_v and_o therefore_o in_o some_o country_n they_o leave_v one_o big_a bough_n to_o grow_v for_o one_o year_n to_o draw_v up_o the_o sap_n as_o they_o term_v it_o whereas_o it_o be_v indeed_o that_o the_o sap_n may_v have_v liberty_n to_o vent_v itself_o for_o tree_n that_o
be_v from_o the_o full_a of_o the_o leaf_n until_o candlemas_n the_o season_n to_o increase_v tree_n by_o lay_v be_v from_o michaelmas_n to_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n and_o sometime_o in_o the_o spring_n or_o summer_n caap._n xx._n of_o medlar_n and_o service-tree_n there_o be_v three_o or_o four_o sort_n of_o medlar_n the_o big_a sort_n call_v the_o great_a dutch_a medlar_n without_o any_o thorn_n upon_o the_o branch_n be_v the_o best_a and_o a_o good_a bearer_n the_o common_a have_v thorn_n upon_o the_o branch_n and_o there_o be_v another_o sort_n without_o any_o stone_n in_o the_o fruit._n there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o service_n one_o large_a than_o the_o other_o that_o grow_v wild_a in_o the_o wood_n but_o neither_o the_o sort_n of_o these_o nor_o of_o medlar_n be_v distinguish_v by_o name_n and_o the_o fruit_n of_o both_o be_v not_o eatable_a till_o they_o be_v rot_v medlar_n be_v raise_v by_o graft_v on_o the_o pear-tree_n crabtree_n white-thorn_n or_o service-tree_n the_o 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curran_n be_v large_a and_o have_v a_o sweet_a relish_n and_o since_o it_o become_v a_o native_a of_o our_o soil_n be_v much_o improve_v where_o plant_v in_o rich_a moist_a ground_n §_o 3._o of_o barberry_n there_o be_v the_o ordinary_a barberry_n barberry_n or_o common_a sort_n and_o barberry_n without_o stone_n and_o the_o great_a barberry_n which_o be_v a_o sort_n bear_v big_a fruit_n than_o either_o of_o the_o other_o of_o raspberry_n there_o be_v three_o sort_n raspberry_n raspberry_n the_o common_a wild_a the_o large_a red_a garden_n rasberry_n a_o pleasant_a fruit_n and_o yield_v a_o delicate_a juice_n and_o the_o white_a rasberry_n little_a inferior_a to_o the_o red._n goosberry_n currant_n raspberry_n and_o barberry_n be_v best_a raise_v by_o sucker_n of_o which_o you_o may_v have_v plenty_n about_o the_o root_n of_o old_a tree_n and_o goosberry_n and_o curran_n may_v be_v propagate_v by_o layer_n or_o by_o branch_n or_o shoot_v cut_v off_o and_o set_v they_o be_v to_o be_v set_v four_o or_o five_o foot_n distant_a from_o each_o other_o upon_o border_n or_o bed_n of_o rich_a moist_a land_n the_o season_n for_o plant_v they_o be_v from_o michaelmas_n to_o candlemas_n curran_n and_o raspberry_n will_v prosper_v and_o like_v very_o well_o in_o shady_a place_n and_o the_o cold_a the_o soil_n the_o better_a will_v raspberry_n bear_v and_o thrive_v raspberry_n usual_o bear_v the_o same_o year_n they_o be_v set_v if_o drought_n or_o too_o late_o plant_v hinder_v not_o and_o that_o which_o bear_v this_o year_n die_v after_o bear_v and_o what_o spring_v new_a this_o year_n bear_v the_o next_o cut_v no_o more_o of_o they_o than_o what_o will_v make_v they_o a_o little_a handsome_a and_o in_o the_o winter_n cut_v or_o break_v out_o all_o the_o dead_a stalk_n from_o among_o the_o live_a raspberry_n when_o curran_n goosberry_n and_o barberry_n have_v grow_v some_o year_n suffer_v not_o too_o many_o sucker_n to_o grow_v about_o they_o nor_o cut_v the_o top_n to_o a_o round_a close_a bush_n as_o many_o gardiner_n do_v whereby_o they_o grow_v so_o thick_a that_o they_o neither_o bear_v nor_o ripen_v their_o fruit_n so_o well_o as_o if_o the_o grow_v tall_a and_o thin_a all_o the_o say_a fruit_n viz._n goosberry_n currant_n barberry_n and_o raspberry_n like_o well_o in_o shade_n though_o the_o fruit_n be_v not_o of_o so_o delicate_a a_o taste_n as_o those_o that_o grow_v in_o the_o sun_n you_o ought_v to_o keep_v the_o ground_n about_o they_o free_a from_o weed_n and_o other_o vegetable_n and_o to_o dig_v and_o well_o manure_v it_o each_o two_o year_n at_o michaelmas_n and_o yearly_a with_o a_o pair_n of_o shears_n about_o fourteen_o day_n before_o midsummer_n dub_v the_o top_n of_o curran_n and_o goosberry_n and_o they_o will_v bear_v better_o do_v the_o like_a at_o michaelmas_n chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o kind_n of_o peach_n and_o nectarin_n §_o 1._o the_o stone_n of_o peach_n produce_v tree_n that_o will_v bear_v peach_n sometime_o better_o than_o the_o peach_v out_o of_o which_o the_o stone_n be_v take_v although_o those_o peach_n grow_v upon_o a_o tree_n that_o be_v inoculate_v on_o a_o plum-stock_n and_o therefore_o some_o gardiner_n by_o set_v many_o stone_n of_o the_o newington-peach_n have_v find_v some_o among_o the_o tree_n come_v up_o from_o they_o to_o bear_v a_o fruit_n rather_o improve_v than_o worse_a and_o by_o give_v it_o a_o new_a name_n and_o inoculate_v from_o it_o have_v make_v good_a gain_n of_o it_o but_o this_o be_v not_o a_o practice_n for_o every_o private_a person_n because_o peach-tree_n so_o raise_v will_v be_v much_o long_o before_o they_o bear_v fruit_n than_o those_o which_o be_v inoculate_v and_o because_o he_o must_v run_v the_o hazard_n of_o fill_v great_a part_n of_o his_o wall_n with_o these_o peach-tree_n thus_o raise_v from_o stone_n and_o not_o one_o it_o may_v be_v in_o a_o hundred_o prove_v any_o thing_n extraordinary_a and_o the_o rest_n of_o no_o use_n unless_o for_o stock_n after_o he_o 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please_v his_o fancy_n with_o or_o store_v himself_o with_o they_o or_o other_o as_o he_o approve_v they_o or_o have_v convenience_n so_o to_o do_v the_o best_a nectarine_n be_v nectarins_n nectarins_n the_o red_a roman_a murry_n tawny_a paper_n white_a nectarin_n there_o be_v other_o though_o worse_o sort_v as_o the_o yellow_a paint_a russet_a red_a nectarine_n the_o algiers_n nectarine_n be_v commend_v by_o some_o because_o it_o part_v easy_o from_o the_o stone_n chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o kind_n of_o apricok_n and_o strawberry_n apricok_n so_o call_v from_o apricus_fw-la delight_v in_o the_o sun_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o plum_n but_o far_o exceed_v other_o in_o every_o respect_n the_o algiers_n apricock_n be_v early_o ripe_a and_o in_o june_n it_o be_v a_o small_a round_a and_o yellow_a fruit._n the_o masculine_a apricock_n be_v a_o better_a and_o early_a fruit_n
currant_n shoveling_n of_o yard_n where_o cattle_n frequent_a etc._n etc._n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n §_o 2._o slit_v the_o bark_n be_v a_o excellent_a additional_a help_n to_o most_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a evil_n bind_v bark_n bind_v and_o also_o for_o bark_n bind_v some_o advice_n that_o the_o bark_n be_v cut_v according_a to_o the_o grain_n of_o it_o as_o in_o appletree_n pear-tree_n &c_n &c_n straight_o down_o in_o cherry_n etc._n etc._n round_o about_o the_o tree_n and_o where_o the_o graft_n over-thrives_a the_o stock_n there_o slit_v the_o stock_n but_o not_o quite_o through_o the_o bark_n and_o this_o slit_v must_v be_v do_v in_o the_o spring_n about_o the_o middle_n of_o february_n or_o at_o candlemas_n not_o some_o tree_n prosper_v where_o other_o will_v not_o §_o 3._o you_o will_v often_o find_v in_o the_o same_o land_n some_o kind_n of_o fruit-tree_n very_o subject_a to_o some_o of_o the_o beforementioned_a evil_n and_o other_o prosper_v well_o when_o once_o you_o discover_v this_o because_o it_o be_v utter_o in_o vain_a to_o make_v ground_n and_o tree_n of_o different_a genius_n agree_v together_o you_o must_v make_v it_o your_o business_n by_o degree_n to_o change_v your_o tree_n till_o you_o have_v leave_v none_o against_o which_o your_o soil_n bear_v such_o a_o implacable_a hatred_n and_o furnish_v it_o with_o such_o as_o will_v flourish_v and_o be_v fruitful_a §_o 4._o if_o any_o of_o your_o tree_n be_v gall_v by_o rub_v on_o each_o other_o galled_a bark_n galled_a or_o by_o be_v bind_v to_o stake_n or_o by_o thorn_n or_o otherwise_o lay_v some_o clay_n upon_o the_o gall_a place_n and_o wrap_v hay-band_n about_o they_o but_o withal_o remove_v the_o cause_n by_o prune_v or_o otherwise_o §_o 5._o big_a plant_n that_o upon_o there_o removal_n have_v have_v their_o top_n cut_v off_o off_o dead_a top_n or_o bite_a twig_n to_o be_v cut_v off_o be_v apt_a to_o die_v from_o the_o place_n they_o be_v cut_v off_o at_o to_o the_o 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a_o nursery_n it_o may_v be_v do_v in_o a_o orchard_n but_o there_o be_v other_o way_n to_o be_v prefer_v before_o it_o other_o therefore_o dawb_v the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n over_o with_o tar_n which_o be_v use_v alone_o endanger_v the_o life_n of_o very_o young_a plant_n and_o extreme_o harden_v the_o bark_n and_o otherwise_o hurt_v they_o which_o evil_a be_v prevent_v by_o mix_v the_o tar_n with_o any_o kind_n of_o grease_n and_o boil_v they_o on_o a_o fire_n so_o as_o both_o may_v incorporate_v then_o with_o a_o brush_n or_o little_a broom_n dawb_v over_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n as_o high_a as_o a_o hare_n or_o rabbit_n can_v reach_v and_o this_o be_v to_o be_v do_v about_o the_o ten_o of_o november_n it_o will_v preserve_v the_o tree_n for_o that_o whole_a year_n with_o that_o once_o do_v it_o be_v the_o winter_n time_n only_o that_o they_o will_v feed_v upon_o the_o bark_n some_o use_n grease_n alone_o and_o then_o it_o will_v require_v to_o be_v lay_v on_o twice_o in_o a_o winter_n some_o thin_a stuff_n out_o of_o a_o house_n of_o office_n or_o the_o thick_a temper_v with_o water_n and_o brush_v on_o once_o or_o twice_o in_o a_o winter_n have_v be_v often_o use_v with_o good_a success_n and_o if_o you_o desire_v to_o take_v they_o set_v grin_n of_o wire_n snare_n or_o run_v noose_n of_o wire_n who_o brittleness_n be_v allay_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o fire_n at_o and_o in_o their_o muset_n or_o the_o hole_n they_o come_v in_o at_o and_o you_o may_v take_v many_o but_o scarce_o all_o before_o you_o have_v great_a mischief_n do_v you_o aunt_n pismire_n and_o aunt_n §_o 7._o if_o you_o find_v pismire_n or_o aunt_n breed_v about_o or_o near_o the_o root_n of_o any_o of_o your_o tree_n cast_v away_o the_o earth_n they_o lodge_v in_o and_o supply_v its_o place_n with_o some_o stiff_a clay_n if_o they_o breed_v distant_a in_o several_a place_n some_o direct_a to_o dawb_v the_o tree_n about_o with_o tar_n that_o their_o foot_n may_v be_v take_v in_o it_o but_o you_o hear_v already_o that_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o young_a tree_n but_o if_o they_o pester_v you_o extreme_o and_o your_o tree_n be_v young_a you_o may_v bind_v a_o single_a list_n or_o shred_v of_o cloth_n about_o it_o and_o once_o a_o week_n when_o bud_n and_o blossom_n be_v put_v forth_o for_o that_o be_v the_o chief_a time_n they_o prejudice_v they_o dawb_v the_o cloth_n over_o with_o tar._n and_o where_o you_o find_v their_o breed_a place_n pour_v scald_a water_n thereon_o §_o 8._o mole_n be_v to_o be_v kill_v especial_o in_o seed_n plot_n and_o nursery_n rat_n mole_n and_o water_n rat_n spring-trap_n or_o box-trap_n be_v best_a to_o destroy_v they_o not_o easy_o describe_v but_o be_v now_o almost_o general_o know_v there_o be_v also_o some_o kind_n of_o cat_n that_o will_v not_o leave_v a_o mole_n either_o in_o your_o garden_n or_o orchard_n and_o some_o say_v that_o water_n rat_n will_v spoil_v a_o whole_a nursery_n get_v through_o mole_n hole_n and_o bark_v or_o eat_v the_o 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apple_n corrupt_v a_o whole_a vessel_n which_o i_o presume_v be_v intend_v only_o of_o putrid_a rottenness_n §_o 4._o grind_v not_o your_o apple_n too_o small_a for_o if_o they_o be_v not_o very_o small_a ground_n apple_n of_o grind_v and_o press_v the_o apple_n you_o will_v have_v but_o little_o less_o cider_n although_o the_o contrary_a be_v common_o believe_v after_o your_o fruit_n be_v ground_n let_v it_o stand_v 24_o or_o 48_o hour_n according_a as_o your_o time_n and_o conveniency_n will_v admit_v so_o that_o it_o be_v altogether_o in_o good_a quantity_n in_o large_a vessel_n by_o stand_v thus_o it_o not_o only_a mature_n but_o acquire_v colour_n commendable_a in_o cider_n and_o also_o cause_v the_o lesser_a part_n of_o the_o apple_n easy_o to_o part_v with_o its_o juice_n in_o the_o press_n therefore_o observe_v not_o the_o general_n advise_v to_o press_v immediate_o from_o the_o mill._n you_o may_v leave_v a_o passage_n open_a in_o the_o bottom_n of_o your_o fat_a wherein_o 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cyderkin_n than_o it_o be_v best_o to_o press_v it_o as_o dry_a as_o you_o can_v but_o incase_o you_o intend_v to_o add_v water_n to_o your_o murc_n and_o to_o press_v it_o again_o than_o you_o need_v not_o to_o press_v it_o very_o hard_a for_o your_o cider_n will_v then_o be_v something_o the_o worse_a and_o so_o will_v your_o purre_n or_o cyderkin_n for_o the_o last_o squeeze_v be_v the_o weak_a and_o make_v your_o cider_n the_o rough_a and_o if_o any_o thing_n will_v that_o give_v it_o a_o wooddy_n taste_v unless_o it_o be_v prevent_v in_o the_o easy_a grind_n but_o this_o only_o be_v observe_v when_o you_o intend_v to_o have_v some_o rich_a cider_n and_o cyderkin_n for_o your_o own_o use_n otherwise_o cyderi_v general_o press_v their_o apple_n as_o hard_o as_o they_o can_v although_o they_o intend_v to_o make_v cyderkin_n of_o the_o murc_n cider_n barrel_v of_o cider_n §_o 5._o as_o your_o vessel_n under_o the_o cyderpress_a fill_v then_o take_v the_o liquor_n and_o pour_v it_o 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much_o incommode_v your_o cider_n by_o make_v it_o quick_o become_v acid_n then_o tun_n up_o the_o pure_a leave_v the_o sediment_n at_o bottom_n of_o the_o what_fw-mi liquor_n in_o a_o hogshead_n or_o barrel_n season_v and_o sweet_a fill_v it_o not_o up_o by_o two_o gallon_n at_o least_o and_o stop_v it_o up_o only_o with_o a_o loose_a stopper_n for_o four_o or_o five_o day_n and_o then_o stop_v it_o up_o close_o with_o clay_n on_o the_o top_n or_o tun-hole_n and_o put_v a_o cork_n or_o some_o stopper_n in_o â—â—e_z vent-hole_n loose_o put_v in_o the_o peg_n but_o for_o a_o week_n time_n or_o more_o you_o may_v once_o a_o day_n draw_v it_o forth_o a_o little_a lest_o it_o break_v the_o vessel_n or_o force_v some_o other_o vent_n then_o stop_v it_o close_o up_o also_o and_o so_o let_v it_o stand_v till_o you_o think_v it_o may_v be_v something_o clear_a and_o then_o pierce_v it_o to_o try_v how_o it_o fine_n the_o summer_n fruit_n after_o a_o month_n the_o moil_n after_o the_o first_o frost_n the_o red_a streak_n not_o till_o after_o january_n other_o winter-fruit_n cider_n about_o the_o same_o time_n if_o the_o cider_n be_v so_o clear_a that_o it_o will_v not_o again_o ferment_n and_o you_o intend_v to_o keep_v it_o long_o in_o the_o barrel_n put_v in_o clean_a unground_a wheat_n after_o the_o proportion_n of_o a_o quart_n to_o a_o hogshead_n which_o will_v preserve_v it_o and_o this_o artificial_a head_n be_v only_o to_o be_v use_v where_o a_o admission_n of_o air_n may_v probable_o be_v into_o the_o vessel_n stop_v of_o cider_n with_o clay_n if_o you_o design_v to_o keep_v it_o long_o be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o a_o wooden_a plug_n turn_v fit_a to_o the_o bunghole_n and_o cover_v about_o with_o a_o single_a brown_a paper_n wet_a before_o you_o wring_v it_o into_o its_o place_n and_o then_o let_v the_o plug_n be_v well_o lute_v on_o the_o top_n and_o side_n with_o clay_n temper_v with_o salt_n cider_n how_o to_o fine_a or_o clear_a cider_n §_o 6._o if_o your_o cider_n be_v not_o fine_a at_o the_o time_n aforemention_v try_v they_o again_o about_o a_o month_n after_o and_o then_o if_o it_o be_v not_o fine_a rack_v it_o off_o as_o you_o will_v do_v wine_n set_v another_o vessel_n in_o a_o convenient_a place_n that_o through_o a_o pipe_n of_o leather_n or_o a_o siphon_n or_o a_o crane_n of_o some_o metal_n as_o of_o latin_a or_o glass_n the_o liquor_n may_v run_v out_o of_o the_o one_o into_o the_o other_o without_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n which_o be_v a_o most_o material_a thing_n to_o take_v care_n of_o at_o all_o time_n the_o spirit_n of_o cider_n be_v very_o apt_a to_o evaporate_v some_o choose_v rather_o to_o fine_a their_o cider_n with_o water_n glue_v common_o call_v isinglass_n than_o by_o rack_a it_o and_o the_o common_a and_o best_a way_n be_v that_o among_o vintner_n etc._n etc._n that_o have_v frequent_a use_n for_o it_o and_o it_o be_v to_o dissolve_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o isinglass_n in_o white_a wine_n without_o put_v it_o on_o the_o fire_n which_o it_o will_v do_v in_o about_o a_o month_n time_n and_o turn_v to_o a_o jelly_n which_o they_o keep_v by_o they_o and_o it_o will_v keep_v good_a a_o twelvemonth_n and_o when_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o use_v it_o remove_v the_o scum_n that_o will_v be_v on_o the_o top_n of_o it_o and_o take_v what_o quantity_n will_v serve_v their_o turn_n out_o of_o it_o according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o a_o quart_n to_o a_o hogshead_n and_o this_o they_o beat_v to_o a_o froth_n and_o mix_v it_o with_o a_o quantity_n of_o the_o liquor_n it_o be_v to_o be_v put_v in_o and_o they_o pour_v it_o into_o the_o vessel_n mix_v it_o well_o together_o with_o a_o broom_n and_o so_o leave_v the_o work_n or_o if_o your_o cider_n have_v stand_v long_o and_o will_v not_o be_v fine_a as_o ostentimes_o it_o so_o happen_v then_o take_v isinglass_n about_o a_o ounce_n to_o a_o hogshead_n and_o steep_v it_o a_o day_n or_o two_o in_o about_o two_o quart_n of_o cider_n until_o the_o whole_a be_v reduce_v to_o a_o jelly_n which_o by_o stand_v warm_a it_o will_v easy_o do_v then_o draw_v off_o about_o a_o gallon_n of_o the_o cider_n and_o mix_v the_o jelly_n be_v cold_a thorough_o with_o it_o and_o put_v the_o whole_a into_o the_o vessel_n of_o cider_n at_o the_o bung_n and_o with_o a_o split_a staff_n stir_v it_o well_o together_o and_o in_o a_o day_n or_o two_o it_o will_v be_v fine_a without_o any_o prejudice_n to_o your_o cider_n this_o way_n of_o purification_n will_v serve_v in_o all_o sort_n of_o liquor_n and_o be_v much_o to_o be_v prefer_v in_o the_o juice_n of_o fruit_n to_o that_o vulgar_a way_n of_o make_v they_o to_o ferment_n by_o
it_o better_o than_o ever_o it_o be_v before_o especial_o if_o it_o be_v but_o a_o little_a acid_n and_o not_o eager_a when_o your_o cider_n be_v thus_o bottle_a if_o it_o be_v new_a at_o the_o bottle_a and_o not_o absolute_o pure_a it_o be_v good_a to_o let_v the_o bottle_n stand_v a_o while_n uncorked_a before_o you_o stop_v they_o close_o or_o else_o open_a the_o cork_n two_o or_o three_o day_n after_o to_o give_v the_o cider_n air_n which_o will_v prevent_v the_o break_n the_o bottle_n against_o the_o next_o turn_v of_o the_o wind_n to_o the_o south_n the_o mean_a cider_n be_v more_o apt_a to_o break_v the_o bottle_n than_o the_o rich_a be_v of_o a_o more_o eager_a nature_n and_o the_o spirit_n more_o apt_a to_o fly_v have_v not_o so_o solid_a a_o body_n to_o detain_v they_o as_o the_o rich_a cyder_n observe_v that_o when_o the_o bottle_n break_v through_o the_o fermentation_n of_o the_o cider_n to_o open_v your_o cork_n and_o give_v vent_v and_o stop_v they_o up_o again_o a_o while_n after_o lest_o you_o lose_v many_o for_o want_n of_o this_o caution_n lay_v your_o bottle_n sideways_o not_o only_o for_o preserve_v the_o cork_n moist_a but_o for_o that_o the_o air_n that_o remain_v in_o the_o bottle_n be_v on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o bottle_n where_o it_o can_v neither_o expire_v not_o can_v new_o be_v admit_v the_o liquor_n be_v against_o the_o cork_n which_o not_o so_o easy_o pass_v through_o the_o cork_n as_o the_o air._n some_o place_n their_o bottle_n on_o a_o frame_n with_o their_o mouth_n downward_o for_o that_o end_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v so_o well_o approve_v of_o by_o reason_n that_o if_o there_o be_v any_o the_o least_o settle_v in_o the_o bottle_n you_o be_v sure_a to_o have_v it_o the_o first_o glass_n place_v bottle_n on_o a_o frame_n as_o be_v usual_a or_o on_o shelf_n be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o on_o the_o ground_n by_o reason_n the_o far_o from_o the_o ground_n they_o stand_v the_o more_o be_v they_o subject_a to_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o air_n which_o be_v always_o more_o rare_a in_o the_o upper_a than_o low_a part_n of_o a_o cellar_n or_o other_o room_n set_v bottle_n in_o sand_n be_v much_o use_v but_o without_o reason_n because_o it_o add_v not_o that_o coldness_n to_o the_o bottle_n as_o be_v general_o expect_v be_v rather_o of_o a_o dry_a and_o temperate_a quality_n than_o cold_a the_o place_n of_o bottle_n in_o wells_n or_o in_o cistern_n of_o spring_n water_n run_v or_o very_o often_o change_v be_v questionless_a the_o best_a way_n to_o preserve_v either_o ale_n cider_n or_o any_o other_o vinous_a liquor_n a_o conservatory_n make_v where_o a_o continual_a recruit_v of_o a_o cool_a refrigatory_a spring_n water_n may_v convenient_o be_v have_v will_v so_o long_o preserve_v cider_n until_o it_o become_v to_o the_o strength_n even_o of_o canary_n itself_o where_o you_o have_v not_o conveniency_n of_o water_n or_o be_v unwilling_a to_o be_v at_o the_o expense_n of_o make_v such_o conservatory_n there_o the_o best_a way_n be_v to_o dig_v vault_n in_o your_o cellar_n under_o the_o level_n of_o the_o bottom_n or_o to_o make_v niche_n in_o the_o wall_n near_o the_o ground_n and_o in_o they_o place_v your_o bottle_n lean_v for_o the_o more_o they_o be_v from_o the_o air_n and_o the_o more_o they_o be_v encompass_v with_o stone_n or_o earth_n the_o cool_a they_o will_v continue_v and_o the_o less_o subject_a to_o the_o inconvenience_n that_o happen_v from_o the_o mutability_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air._n bind_v down_o the_o cork_n of_o your_o bottle_n in_o case_n of_o danger_n be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o be_v commend_v as_o well_o fit_v they_o in_o by_o full_a cork_n because_o the_o liquor_n be_v better_o fly_v the_o cork_n that_o break_v the_o bottle_n which_o must_v be_v in_o case_n the_o cork_n be_v tie_v down_o and_o the_o liquor_n not_o well_o qualify_v cider_n restore_a of_o decay_a cider_n §_o 10._o sometime_o cider_n that_o have_v be_v good_a by_o ill_a managment_n or_o other_o accident_n become_v dead_a flat_a sour_a thick_a muddy_a or_o musty_a all_o which_o in_o one_o sort_n or_o other_o may_v be_v help_v deadness_n or_o flatness_n in_o cider_n be_v often_o occasion_v from_o the_o too_o free_a admission_n of_o air_n into_o the_o vessel_n for_o want_v of_o right_a stop_n which_o be_v cure_v by_o press_v some_o apple_n and_o put_v up_o only_o the_o new_a must_v or_o cider_n that_o come_v from_o they_o on_o the_o decay_a cider_n and_o stop_v it_o close_o only_o sometime_o try_v it_o by_o open_v the_o small_a vent_n that_o it_o force_v not_o the_o vessel_n the_o same_o may_v be_v do_v in_o bottle_n by_o add_v a_o spoonful_n or_o two_o of_o new_a must_v or_o cider_n to_o each_o bottle_n of_o dead_a cider_n and_o stop_v it_o again_o cider_n that_o be_v dead_a or_o flat_a will_v oftentimes_o revive_v again_o of_o itself_o if_o close_o stop_v upon_o the_o revolution_n of_o the_o year_n and_o approach_a summer_n but_o cider_n that_o have_v acquire_v a_o deadness_n or_o flatness_n by_o be_v keep_v in_o a_o beer_n or_o ale_n vessel_n be_v not_o to_o be_v revive_v the_o smack_n of_o the_o beer_n or_o ale_n be_v the_o only_a cause_n of_o it_o will_v always_o predominate_v honey_n or_o sugar_n mix_v with_o some_o spice_n and_o add_v to_o the_o cider_n that_o be_v flat_a revive_v it_o much_o let_v the_o proportion_n be_v according_a as_o the_o distemper_n be_v that_o require_v it_o if_o cider_n be_v acid_n as_o sometime_o it_o happen_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o immaturity_n of_o the_o fruit_n too_o nimble_a a_o operation_n too_o great_a a_o fermentation_n in_o the_o vessel_n or_o too_o warm_a a_o situation_n of_o your_o vessel_n wherein_o it_o be_v keep_v this_o sometime_o become_v pleasant_a again_o in_o case_n it_o be_v lee_n be_v yet_o in_o the_o vessel_n as_o be_v suppose_v by_o a_o second_o operation_n on_o it_o but_o in_o case_n it_o do_v not_o if_o you_o add_v about_o a_o gallon_n of_o unground_a wheat_n to_o a_o hogshead_n of_o it_o it_o will_v very_o much_o sweeten_v it_o and_o make_v it_o pleasant_a the_o same_o effect_n will_v two_o or_o three_o egg_n put_v in_o whole_a or_o a_o pound_n of_o figgs_n slit_v produce_v as_o be_v report_v but_o the_o sure_a remedy_n be_v bottle_v it_o with_o a_o knob_v of_o sugar_n proportion_v according_a to_o the_o occasion_n wheat_n boil_v till_o it_o begin_v to_o break_v and_o when_o cold_a add_v to_o the_o cider_n but_o not_o in_o too_o great_a a_o quantity_n and_o stir_v into_o it_o help_v it_o much_o if_o your_o cider_n be_v musty_a which_o happen_v either_o from_o the_o place_n the_o fruit_n lie_v in_o before_o grind_v or_o from_o the_o vessel_n through_o which_o the_o pulp_n or_o must_v have_v past_a or_o that_o the_o cider_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o cure_n thereof_o be_v very_o difficult_a although_o in_o some_o measure_n the_o ill_a savour_n of_o it_o may_v be_v correct_v by_o mustardseed_n ground_n with_o some_o of_o the_o same_o cider_n thick_a cider_n be_v easy_o cure_v at_o what_o age_n soever_o by_o exciting_a it_o to_o a_o fermentation_n and_o purify_n it_o with_o isinglass_n as_o be_v before_o direct_v note_v that_o there_o be_v several_a cider_n mill_n late_o find_v out_o which_o be_v better_a understand_v by_o see_v one_o than_o any_o description_n can_v be_v give_v and_o they_o be_v excellent_a to_o grind_v apple_n before_o you_o press_v they_o cyderkin_n of_o make_v water_n cider_n purre_n or_o cyderkin_n §_o 11._o it_o be_v observe_v that_o many_o sort_n of_o apple_n thorough_o ripe_a will_v endure_v some_o addition_n of_o water_n without_o any_o prejudice_n to_o the_o drink_n especial_o in_o the_o island_n of_o jersay_n where_o they_o frequent_o give_v it_o a_o dash_n this_o dilution_n be_v only_o with_o apple_n of_o a_o mellow_a and_o rich_a juice_n and_o be_v necessary_a to_o help_v its_o clarification_n the_o cider_n itself_o be_v of_o too_o glutinous_a a_o substance_n and_o they_o not_o acquaint_v with_o any_o other_o way_n of_o attenuate_v it_o if_o your_o apple_n be_v pulpy_a or_o mellow_a they_o will_v yield_v their_o juice_n with_o difficulty_n unless_o water_n be_v add_v but_o you_o may_v press_v they_o easy_o at_o first_o and_o extract_v a_o small_a quantity_n of_o the_o rich_a juice_n and_o then_o add_v of_o water_n boil_v one_o hour_n but_o cold_a again_o to_o the_o remain_a pulp_n which_o after_o 48_o hour_n stand_v will_v yield_v you_o so_o rich_a a_o liquor_n that_o shall_v exceed_v most_o cyder_n draw_v from_o new_o ripen_a fruit._n to_o some_o sort_n of_o fruit_n that_o be_v of_o themselves_o acid_a crude_a or_o of_o a_o thin_a juice_n dilution_n be_v very_o improper_a but_o if_o the_o water_n be_v boil_v and_o
let_v stand_v till_o it_o be_v cold_a it_o will_v be_v the_o better_a that_o abate_v much_o of_o its_o crudity_n water_n mix_v with_o the_o fruit_n when_o ground_n and_o permit_v to_o stand_v 48_o hour_n incorporate_v abundant_o better_o than_o if_o add_v in_o the_o vessel_n and_o if_o mix_v in_o the_o vessel_n better_a than_o if_o add_v in_o the_o glass_n by_o the_o additon_n of_o water_n no_o other_o advantage_n can_v be_v expect_v than_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o liquor_n as_o more_o small_a beer_n than_o strong_a be_v usual_o make_v of_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o malt._n for_o the_o ordinary_a expense_n in_o house_n keep_v you_o may_v make_v cyderkin_n or_o purre_n after_o you_o have_v press_v out_o your_o cider_n by_o put_v the_o murc_n must_v or_o pouz_v up_o into_o a_o large_a what_fw-mi and_o add_v thereto_o what_o quantity_n you_o think_v convenient_a of_o boil_a water_n be_v first_o cold_a again_o if_o about_o half_a that_o quantity_n as_o be_v of_o the_o cider_n that_o be_v press_v from_o it_o it_o will_v be_v good_a if_o as_o much_o as_o the_o cider_n then_o but_o small_a let_v this_o water-stand_a upon_o it_o about_o 48_o hour_n and_o then_o press_v it_o well_o that_o which_o come_v from_o the_o press_n tun_n up_o immediate_o and_o stop_v it_o up_o and_o you_o may_v drink_v it_o in_o a_o few_o day_n this_o be_v the_o most_o part_n water_n will_v clarify_v of_o itself_o and_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o small_a beer_n in_o a_o family_n and_o to_o many_o much_o more_o acceptable_a you_o may_v amend_v it_o by_o the_o addition_n of_o the_o settle_v sediment_n or_o lee_n of_o your_o cider_n you_o last_o purify_v by_o put_v it_o upon_o the_o pulp_n before_o pressure_n or_o by_o add_v some_o overplus_n of_o cider_n that_o your_o other_o vessel_n will_v not_o â—old_a or_o by_o grind_v some_o fall_v or_o 〈◊〉_d apple_n that_o be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v add_v to_o your_o cider_n and_o press_v it_o with_o this_o this_o cyderkin_n or_o purre_n may_v be_v make_v to_o keep_v long_o in_o case_n you_o boil_v it_o after_o pressure_n with_o such_o a_o proportion_n of_o dry_a hop_n but_o not_o green_a hop_n as_o you_o usual_o add_v to_o your_o beer_n that_o you_o intend_v to_o keep_v for_o the_o same_o time_n and_o it_o will_v thus_o be_v very_o well_o preserve_v but_o than_o you_o need_v not_o boil_v your_o water_n before_o the_o add_v it_o to_o your_o murc_n must_v or_o pouz_n cider_n how_o to_o make_v choice_a cider_n §_o 12._o if_o any_o one_o shall_v desire_v a_o small_a quantity_n of_o cider_n extraordinary_a for_o its_o goodness_n let_v he_o take_v the_o liquor_n that_o come_v first_o from_o the_o must_v without_o much_o press_v and_o dispose_v of_o what_o come_v afterward_o by_o itself_o or_o mix_v it_o with_o the_o juice_n of_o another_o grind_n some_o have_v be_v so_o curious_a as_o to_o pick_v off_o the_o tree_n the_o ripe_a apple_n and_o especial_o those_o that_o have_v have_v most_o of_o the_o sun_n and_o to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o by_o themselves_o for_o choice_n and_o rich_a cider_n perry_n how_o to_o make_v perry_n §_o 13._o perry_n be_v make_v the_o very_a same_o way_n as_o cider_n only_o observe_v not_o to_o let_v your_o pear_n be_v very_o ripe_a before_o you_o grind_v they_o for_o if_o they_o shall_v be_v too_o mellow_a when_o ground_n they_o be_v so_o pulpy_n that_o they_o will_v not_o easy_o part_v with_o their_o juice_n and_o it_o be_v advise_v by_o some_o to_o mix_v crab_n at_o grind_v among_o the_o pear_n especial_o of_o weak_a juice_n and_o it_o be_v affirm_v they_o will_v very_o much_o mend_v and_o improve_v the_o perry_n the_o proportion_n must_v be_v with_o discretion_n according_a as_o the_o sweetness_n of_o the_o pear_n require_v §_o 14._o the_o best_a addition_n that_o can_v be_v make_v to_o cider_n be_v that_o of_o the_o lees_n of_o malaga_n sack_n cider_n of_o mixture_n must_v cider_n or_o canary_n new_a and_o sweet_a about_a a_o gallon_n to_o a_o hogshead_n this_o be_v a_o great_a improver_n and_o purifier_n of_o cider_n the_o juice_n of_o raspberry_n preserve_v or_o the_o wine_n thereof_o give_v a_o excellent_a tincture_n to_o this_o liquor_n and_o make_v it_o very_o pleasant_a if_o the_o cider_n be_v not_o too_o new_a or_o too_o luscious_a when_o you_o bottle_n cider_n put_v into_o every_o bottle_n a_o little_a conserve_v of_o raspberry_n and_o it_o give_v it_o a_o curious_a taste_n elderberry_n be_v of_o great_a esteem_n to_o thing_n cider_n with_o which_o may_v be_v thus_o do_v take_v a_o gallon_n or_o more_o of_o clean_o pick_v and_o full_a ripe_a elderberry_n put_v they_o in_o a_o pot_n and_o cover_v it_o with_o a_o paper_n set_v they_o in_o this_o pot_n in_o a_o oven_n immediate_o after_o you_o have_v draw_v forth_o your_o household_n bread_n let_v they_o stand_v till_o the_o oven_n be_v cold_a if_o they_o be_v not_o enough_o heat_n the_o oven_n again_o but_o not_o too_o hot_a and_o set_v they_o in_o it_o again_o when_o take_v out_o strain_v out_o the_o juice_n which_o will_v be_v thin_a and_o clear_a and_o bottle_n it_o up_o with_o loaf_n sugar_n for_o use_v two_o or_o three_o spoonful_n of_o this_o mix_v in_o a_o quart_n bottle_n of_o cider_n at_o the_o bottle_a make_v it_o of_o a_o fine_a red_a colour_n pleasant_a to_o the_o taste_n and_o endow_n it_o with_o all_o the_o medicinal_a virtue_n of_o the_o elder-berry_n in_o like_a manner_n you_o may_v use_v mulberry_n and_o blackberry_n which_o will_v give_v cool_a tincture_n to_o cider_n if_o your_o oven_n be_v not_o very_o hot_a set_v the_o elderberry_n etc._n etc._n in_o with_o the_o bread_n &c_n to_o make_v curran_n wine_n &c_n &c_n §_o 15._o take_v twelve_o quart_n of_o full_a ripe_a and_o clean_o pick_v curran_n put_v they_o into_o a_o stone_n mortar_n and_o there_o bruise_v they_o with_o a_o wooden_a pestle_n or_o else_o rub_v they_o in_o piece_n with_o your_o hand_n than_o put_v they_o into_o a_o well_o glaze_v earthen_a pot_n and_o thereunto_o put_v of_o boil_a hot_a water_n that_o have_v be_v boil_v a_o full_a hour_n twelve_o quart_n stir_v they_o about_o very_o well_o with_o a_o wooden_a slice_v in_o the_o water_n and_o let_v they_o stand_v 24_o hour_n to_o infuse_v then_o drain_v they_o through_o a_o hair_n sieve_n and_o put_v the_o liquor_n into_o a_o small_a barrel_n well_o season_v and_o sweet_a or_o into_o a_o earthen_a pot_n close_o cover_v and_o add_v to_o each_o gallon_n of_o liquor_n two_o pound_n of_o bruise_a loaf_n sugar_n and_o let_v the_o liquor_n stand_v in_o a_o cool_a cellar_n six_o or_o seven_o week_n well_o stop_v only_o sometime_o if_o in_o a_o barrel_n give_v it_o a_o little_a vent_n else_o it_o will_v break_v the_o vessel_n then_o take_v off_o the_o scum_n or_o cream_n that_o be_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o liquor_n and_o let_v the_o liquor_n run_v through_o a_o fine_a strainer_n and_o bottle_n it_o put_v into_o every_o bottle_n a_o little_a spoonful_n of_o beat_a brown_a sugar_n candy_n and_o in_o six_o week_n it_o will_v be_v ready_a for_o drink_v let_v the_o bottle_n be_v strong_a one_o else_o it_o will_v break_v they_o only_o you_o may_v prevent_v that_o by_o open_v your_o bottle_n and_o let_v they_o stand_v a_o whole_a day_n uncork_v if_o it_o either_o cause_n the_o cork_n to_o fly_v or_o break_v any_o of_o your_o bottle_n or_o put_v the_o cork_n loose_o in_o at_o the_o first_o and_o then_o knock_v they_o in_o close_a after_o some_o time_n thus_o you_o may_v make_v excellent_a and_o delicate_a wine_n of_o curran_n blackberry_n raspberry_n goosberry_n only_o let_v not_o your_o goosberry_n be_v too_o ripe_a but_o all_o the_o rest_n full_a ripe_a if_o you_o desire_v the_o wine_n to_o be_v strong_a than_o this_o put_v but_o a_o pint_n and_o half_a or_o a_o pint_n of_o boil_a water_n to_o each_o quart_n of_o the_o fruit_n and_o you_o may_v make_v a_o second_o and_o small_a sort_n of_o wine_n of_o the_o must_v murc_n or_o pouz_n of_o your_o fruit._n cherrie-wine_n another_o way_n of_o make_v the_o say_a wine_n of_o curran_n etc._n etc._n but_o not_o so_o good_a as_o the_o former_a except_o for_o cherrie-wine_n §_o 16._o for_o every_o pound_n of_o clean_o pick_v and_o ripe_a fruit_n stamp_v and_o the_o liquor_n or_o juice_n press_v out_o take_v a_o quart_n of_o spring_n water_n and_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o pound_n of_o fine_a white_a sugar_n boil_v the_o water_n and_o sugar_n scum_n it_o and_o put_v in_o the_o juice_n of_o your_o fruit_n then_o let_v it_o boil_v up_o again_o take_v it_o off_o the_o fire_n run_v it_o through_o a_o hair_n sieve_n and_o when_o it_o be_v thorough_o cold_a put_v it_o in_o a_o stean_a pot_n or_o vessel_n close_o cover_v and_o
broad_a but_o leave_v two_o foot_n interval_n then_o harrow_n or_o rake_v it_o well_o then_o spread_v rot_a dung_n thereon_o on_o the_o top_n whereof_o lie_v potato_n set_v than_o shovel_n up_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o interval_n and_o cover_v the_o set_v two_o or_o three_o inch_n thick_a most_o sort_n of_o salad_n pot_n and_o sweet_a herb_n may_v be_v sow_o from_o the_o first_o of_o march_n to_o the_o end_n of_o july_n and_o most_n sort_n of_o set_a herb_n may_v be_v remove_v slip_v and_o part_v the_o same_o time_n april_n plant_v artichock_n slip_v set_v great_a bean_n and_o sow_v carrot_n if_o the_o spring_n be_v not_o forward_o you_o may_v yet_o graft_v apple_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o month._n gather_v worm_n snail_n after_o evening_n shower_n and_o after_o all_o the_o summer_n rains_n and_o destroy_v caterpillare_v web_n and_o smoke_n caterpillar_n and_o black_a fly_n from_o your_o tree_n mow_fw-mi carpet_n walk_v weed_n your_o currant_n goosberry_n etc._n etc._n from_o the_o beginning_n to_o the_o middle_n set_v potato_n but_o not_o among_o fruit-tree_n you_o may_v yet_o slip_v lavender_n thyme_n rosemary_n etc._n etc._n towards_o the_o middle_n begin_v to_o plant_v forth_o your_o melon_n cucumber_n and_o so_o to_o the_o late_a end_n your_o ridge_n well_o prepare_v sow_n sweet_a majoran_n hyssop_n basil_n winter_n savory_n scurvygrass_n lettuce_n purslane_n coliflower_n radish_n thyme_n and_o all_o fine_a and_o tender_a seed_n clip_v shrub_n after_o shower_n may._n continued_a your_o weed_n before_o they_o run_v to_o seed_n and_o with_o sheers_n top_n your_o currant_n and_o goosberry_n sow_n sweet_a majoran_n basil_n thyme_n hot_a and_o aromatic_a herb_n and_o plant_n which_o be_v most_o tender_a sow_v purslane_n to_o have_v young_a lettuce_n large_o side_v cabbage_n paint_a bean_n look_v to_o your_o melon_n and_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o month_n forbear_v any_o long_a to_o cover_v they_o june_n sow_v lettuce_n chervil_n radish_n etc._n etc._n to_o have_v young_a and_o tender_a sallete_n spinage_n cleanse_v vine_n of_o exuberant_a branch_n crop_v not_o cut_v and_o shop_a the_o joint_n immediate_o before_o they_o blossom_n and_o some_o of_o the_o under_o branch_n that_o bear_v no_o fruit_n especial_o in_o young_a vineyard_n when_o they_o first_o begin_v to_o bear_v and_o thence_o forward_o gather_v herb_n in_o the_o full_a to_o keep_v dry_a they_o keep_v and_o retain_v their_o virtue_n and_o sweet_a smell_n better_o dry_v in_o the_o sun_n than_o shade_n whatever_o some_o pretend_v about_o a_o fortnight_n before_o and_o as_o much_o after_o midsummer_n be_v the_o chief_a and_o best_a time_n to_o inoculate_v peach_n apricock_n cherry_n plum_n pear_n nectarin_n and_o apple_n water_n late_o plant_v tree_n and_o put_v moist_a and_o half_a rot_a fearn_n weed_n and_o vegatable_n about_o the_o foot_n of_o their_o stem_n continue_v weed_n and_o gather_v snail_n after_o rain_n unbind_v those_o graft_n you_o bind_v about_o 14_o day_n before_o or_o after_o midsummer_n sow_v turnip_n upon_o ground_n prepare_v as_o for_o barley_n after_o midsummer_n make_v the_o better_a turnip_n three_o pint_n of_o seed_n will_v sow_v a_o acre_n account_v seven_o yard_n to_o the_o pole_n your_o seed_n be_v to_o be_v mix_v with_o dry_a sand_n thus_o three_o spoonful_n of_o seed_n with_o a_o peck_n of_o sand_n then_o sow_v if_o immediate_o after_o sow_v a_o shower_n of_o rain_n and_o hot_a sungleam_n happen_v it_o be_v spoil_v july_n sow_v lettuce_n radish_n spinage_n etc._n etc._n for_o late_a and_o tender_a salletting_n sow_v late_a pea_n to_o be_v ripe_a six_o week_n after_o michaelmas_n water_n young_a plant_v tree_n and_o layer_n prune_n now_o apricock_n and_o peach_n save_v as_o many_o of_o the_o young_a likely_o shoot_v as_o be_v well_o place_v for_o the_o now_o bearer_n common_o perish_v the_o new_a one_o succeed_v cut_v close_o and_o even_o let_v such_o potherb_n run_v to_o seed_n as_o you_o will_v save_v about_o the_o eight_o inoculate_v such_o fruit_n as_o in_o june_n be_v direct_v and_o sow_v turnip_n also_o then_o and_o towards_o the_o full_a moon_n towards_o the_o late_a end_n visit_v your_o vineyard_n again_o and_o stop_v the_o exuberant_a shoot_v above_o the_o fruit_n but_o so_o as_o not_o to_o expose_v they_o to_o the_o sun_n search_v under_o wall-tree-leaves_a for_o snail_n they_o stick_v common_o about_o the_o fruit_n pull_v not_o off_o what_o be_v bite_v for_o then_o they_o will_v begin_v afresh_o now_o in_o the_o dry_a season_n with_o brine_n pot_n ash_n and_o water_n or_o a_o decoction_n of_o tobacco_n refuse_v water_v your_o gravel_n walk_v etc._n etc._n to_o destroy_v both_o worm_n and_o weed_n of_o which_o it_o will_v cure_v they_o for_o some_o year_n continue_v weed_n gather_v curran_n to_o make_v wine_n of_o make_v ready_a your_o cider_n mill_n and_o press_n etc._n etc._n august_n inoculate_v now_o early_o if_o you_o begin_v not_o before_o prune_n off_o yet_o superfluous_a branch_n and_o shoot_v of_o this_o second_o spring_n but_o leave_v some_o leave_n to_o screen_n the_o fruit_n from_o the_o sun_n furnish_v and_o nail_v what_o you_o will_v spare_v to_o cover_v the_o defect_n of_o your_o wall_n pull_v up_o the_o sucker_n sow_v radish_n tender_a cabbage_n colleflower_v for_o winter_n plant_n corn-sallet_n marigold_n lettuce_n carrot_n parsnip_n turnip_n spinage_n onion_n also_o curl_a endive_n angelica_n scurvygrass_n etc._n etc._n pull_v up_o ripe_a onion_n and_o garlic_n etc._n etc._n towards_o the_o end_n sow_v purslan_n chard_n beet_n chervil_n etc._n etc._n transplant_v such_o lettuce_n as_o you_o will_v have_v abide_v all_o winter_n gather_v your_o olitory_n seed_n and_o clip_v and_o cut_v all_o such_o herb_n and_o plant_n within_o one_o handful_n of_o the_o ground_n before_o the_o full_a unbind_v and_o release_v the_o bud_n you_o inoculate_v gather_v your_o windfal_n apple_n from_o day_n to_o day_n if_o the_o wether_n be_v dry_a make_v summer_n perry_n and_o cider_n september_n gather_v now_o if_o ripe_a your_o winter-fruit_n as_o plum_n pear_n apple_n etc._n etc._n to_o prevent_v their_o fall_n by_o great_a wind_n also_o in_o dry_a wether_n gather_v windfalls_a from_o day_n to_o day_n sow_v lettuce_n radish_n spinage_n parsnip_n skirret_n colleflower_n cabbage_n onion_n scurvygrass_n anniseed_n and_o winter_n herb_n now_o you_o may_v transplant_v most_o sort_n of_o esculent_n and_o physical_a plant_n artichoke_n and_o asparagus_a root_n sow_v winter_n herb_n and_o root_n and_o plant_v strawberry_n out_o of_o the_o wood_n towards_o the_o end_n earth_n up_o your_o winter_n plant_n and_o salad_n herb_n and_o plant_v forth_o your_o colleflower_n and_o cabbage_n sow_o in_o august_n with_o a_o pair_n of_o sheers_n top_n curran_n and_o goosberry_n dig_v about_o manure_n and_o mould_n up_o their_o root_n towards_o the_o end_n make_v perry_n and_o cider_n october_n trench_n dig_n and_o manure_v ground_n for_o orchade_v and_o kitchin_n garden_n to_o lie_v for_o a_o winter_n mellow_n plant_v and_o set_v fruit-tree_n of_o all_o sort_n standard_n mural_a or_o shrub_n which_o lose_v their_o leaf_n and_o that_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o fall_v choose_v no_o tree_n for_o the_o wall_n above_o two_o year_n graft_v at_o most_o now_o be_v the_o time_n for_o lay_v bare_a old_a unthrive_a or_o overhasty_a bloom_a tree_n the_o moon_n decrease_v gather_v the_o remain_a winter-fruit_n in_o dry_a wether_n lay_v they_o up_o clean_o lest_o they_o taint_v plant_v and_o plash_n quicksets_a sow_v all_o stoney_n and_o hard_a kernel_n and_o seed_n such_o as_o cherry_n pear_n plum_n peach_n almond-stone_n etc._n etc._n also_o all_o sort_n of_o nut_n haw_n ashen_n sycamore_n and_o mapple-key_n acorn_n beech-mast_n apple_n pear_n and_o crab-kernel_n for_o stock_n or_o you_o may_v defer_v it_o till_o towards_o the_o late_a end_n of_o the_o next_o month._n keep_v your_o stone_n and_o nut_n in_o sand_n till_o set_v yet_o sow_n lettuce_n make_v winter_n cider_n and_o perry_n sow_v as_o in_o september_n sweep_v and_o cleanse_v your_o walk_n of_o autumnal_a fall_v leave_n november_n carry_v compost_n out_o of_o your_o melon_n ground_n or_o turn_v and_o mingle_v it_o with_o the_o earth_n and_o lay_v it_o in_o ridge_n ready_a for_o the_o spring_n trench_n and_o fit_a ground_n for_o artichoke_n mould_n they_o up_o and_o cover_v they_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o frost_n with_o horse-dung_n continue_v set_v and_o transplant_n tree_n lose_v no_o time_n hard_a frost_n come_v on_o a_o pace_n yet_o you_o may_v lay_v bare_a old_a tree_n plant_v young_a tree_n standard_n or_o mural_a furnish_v your_o nursery_n with_o all_o sort_n of_o stock_n to_o graft_v in_o sow_n and_o set_v early_a bean_n and_o pea_n till_o mid_a march_n now_o lay_v up_o in_o your_o cellar_n for_o seed_n to_o be_v transplant_v at_o spring_n carrot_n parsnip_n cabbage_n colliflower_n etc._n etc._n in_o a_o dry_a day_n gather_v
your_o last_o orchard_n fruit_n take_v up_o your_o potato_n for_o winter_n spend_v there_o will_v enough_o remain_v for_o stock_n though_o never_o so_o exact_o gather_v save_o the_o small_a one_o for_o set_v cut_a off_o the_o top_n of_o asparagus_n and_o cover_v they_o with_o long_a dung_n or_o make_v bed_n to_o plant_v in_o spring_n set_a yet_o all_o sort_n of_o kernel_n and_o stone_n to_o raise_v stock_n for_o nursery_n in_o frost_n cover_v the_o window_n of_o your_o fruit_n room_n and_o the_o fruit_n with_o mat_n of_o straw_n etc._n etc._n now_o order_n turnip_n for_o seed_n thus_o viz._n about_o the_o ten_o get_v up_o some_o of_o your_o large_a and_o best_a turnip_n 20_o will_v yield_v about_o a_o quart_n of_o seed_n but_o wash_v they_o not_o then_o cut_v off_o the_o top_n of_o the_o bush_n or_o stalk_v leave_v five_o or_o six_o inch_n to_o grow_v to_o the_o turnip_n lay_v these_o about_o 14_o day_n in_o a_o cool_a room_n then_o prepare_v a_o convenient_a plot_n of_o ground_n by_o dige_v and_o trench_v good_a store_n of_o rot_a muck_n then_o set_v turnip_n half_a a_o yard_n distant_a from_o each_o other_o and_o mould_v up_o the_o earth_n three_o inch_n high_a on_o the_o stalk_v about_o each_o in_o april_n place_n small_a hazel_n rail_n about_o they_o to_o keep_v they_o up_o and_o thy'l_n be_v seed_n in_o june_n if_o you_o can_v preserve_v they_o from_o bird_n which_o be_v do_v by_o place_v a_o live_v catling_n tie_v near_o iâ—_n daily_o feed_v with_o milk_n and_o the_o old_a one_o resort_v to_o it_o if_o you_o set_v not_o these_o turnip_n till_o january_n the_o seed_n produce_v a_o watery_a but_o large_a turnip_n take_v up_o carrot_n parsnip_n etc._n etc._n to_o be_v keep_v in_o cellar_n in_o sand_n for_o spend_v december_n prune_n and_o nail_n wall-fruit_n and_o standard-tree_n and_o plant_v vine_n etc._n etc._n also_o stock_n for_o graft_v sow_n and_o set_v all_o sort_n of_o kernel_n seed_n and_o stone_n trench_n ground_n and_o dung_n it_o to_o be_v ready_a 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all_o manner_n of_o wood_n nay_o of_o many_o other_o thing_n as_o rope_n cable_n fishing-net_n mast_n of_o ship_n etc._n etc._n that_o it_o defend_v they_o from_o putrefaction_n either_o in_o water_n under_o or_o above_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o snow_n ice_n air_n winter_n or_o summer_n etc._n etc._n finis_fw-la addenda_fw-la 1._o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o chapter_n shall_v have_v be_v add_v the_o follow_v viz._n and_o when_o stock_n be_v remove_v out_o of_o the_o seminary_n into_o the_o nursery_n or_o elsewhere_o be_v sure_a to_o cut_v off_o as_o well_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o down_o right_a tap_n or_o heart-root_n of_o stock_n as_o also_o the_o end_n of_o all_o other_o root_n and_o then_o to_o set_v they_o as_o shallow_a as_o possible_a so_o as_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o take_v good_a root_n 2._o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o 6_o sect._n in_o chap._n second_o this_o shall_v have_v be_v add_v viz._n be_v sure_a therefore_o to_o let_v your_o stock_n for_o pear_n and_o apple_n be_v well_o grow_v before_o they_o be_v graft_v that_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o make_v strong_a and_o tall_a shoot_v the_o first_o year_n after_o graft_v for_o if_o graft_v the_o same_o year_n they_o be_v remove_v or_o the_o next_o year_n not_o one_o of_o many_o make_v a_o good_a tree_n beside_o there_o be_v several_a sort_n of_o fruit-tree_n as_o pearmains_n winter-queenings_a and_o july-flower-apple_n etc._n etc._n that_o will_v not_o make_v a_o tree_n worth_a your_o labour_n unless_o graft_v on_o a_o lusty_a plump_a stock_n because_o they_o natural_o shoot_v weak_a and_o crooked_a so_o divers_a sort_n of_o pear_n of_o which_o the_o warden_n be_v the_o worst_a to_o make_v a_o handsome_a tree_n of_o 3._o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o sect._n in_o chap._n seven_o the_o follow_a shall_v have_v be_v add_v viz._n and_o indeed_o all_o land_n proper_a for_o corn_n as_o wheat_n barley_n rye_n bean_n and_o piece_n be_v proper_a for_o fruit-tree_n but_o the_o most_o 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