plants 42 Sope-ashes used often to forward Pease fruit c. 23 Sow when that you would have to seed 44 Stockgilliflowers double or single how to encrease 148 Stove to keep Dwarf-trees in 9 Stove kept with small charge 10 Stove for all vegetables good cheap 17 Strawberies to grow great 53 Sun-beams on Trees how to multiply 2 T. TRees against Brickwalls 1 Trees wrapped about with hay 3 Trees when to place in a stove 10 Trees cropping 78 Trees and hedges kept backward by the ignorance of the Planter p. 124 Trees when to proin them 77 Trees to transplant to know the just time 120 Trees of Time Hysop Lavender Rosemary c. how to have 148 Trees to help whose stock or fruit begineth to rot 146 Trees to make flourish wonderfully 156 V. VInes to bear early 14 Vines cut to bear quickly 40 Vine how to stay bleeding 110 Vineyards hew to have bear grapes the first year 142 Violets or Strawberies covered with sand or pots 27 Voiding of frosts in May. 37 W. WAlks of green trees in winter 47 Watering by a List 34 Weeds Worms Rushes to destroy c. aâ— also to enrich ground 108 Weeding of Woad saved ibid. Wine Aquavitae Wine-Lees water with 21 Wines good of English grapes 56 Worms prevented 29 The Second Part OF THE Garden of EDEN Divers conceited Experiments in Trees Plants Flowers Herbs and Fruits Num. 1. Fruit and Flowers to come early and before others or late and after others or to have them growing all the year Sect. 1. SIR Francis Walsingham caused divers Apricock Trees to be planted against a south Wall Planting of Trees against brick wals and their Branches to be born up also against the wall according to the manner of Vines whereby his Plumbs did ripen three or four weeks before any other that grew at large in any Orchard and had not the benefit of the Suns reflexion Hereupon I do infer How to multiply the Sun-beams upon Trees That if every Tree were planted in a several Tabernacle or such Concave as were aptest for the receiving and reflecting of the Sun-beams upon the Fruit and the same also either lined with Lead or Tin plates or garnished with glasses of steel or crystalline that by such means peradventure the reflexion might be multiplied to the greater forwarding of the Fruit especially the Trees being Dwarf-trees whereby the Sun might reflect both from the sides and from the ground unto the uppermost branch or bough of the Tree Olive Pomgranate Orange and Lemond trees to bear fruit And by these helps the Olive Pomgranate Orange and Lemond trees and such like might happily bear their Fruit in our cold Clymate Quaere Sol and Vulcan meeting together in the wals if these walls did stand so conveniently as they might also be continually warmed with the Kitchen fires as serving for Backs unto your Chimneys if so they should not likewise finde some little furtherance in their ripening 2. Quaere also Trees wrapped about with Hay If wrapping of ropes of Hay about the bodies of the Trees to defend them from the windes and other cold that happeneth most in the night season Nourishing Liquor rich Mould 3. Water these Trees with nourishing and feeding Liquors and give a new supply now and then of richer Mould unto them and if you will prevent the dangers of the frost which they are subject unto in their blossom To prevent the frâ—sts in May. then lay open the roots for a time that the sap may not rise too fast or if your Orchard consist of Dwarf-trees growing in great pots of stone or vessels of wood you may remove them from time to time as you see cause and so preserve them from all injury of the weather Early fruit without the help of Brick wals 4. And lest I should leave all other men destitute of early Fruit whose ability will not serve to compass their Orchards with Brick-walls which would prove an excessive charge my advice is that their Orchard should consist wholly of Dwarf trees over which being close compact together they may spread a canvas tent removeable at pleasure Canvas tent or defending onely the North East and Northeast winds from them with canvas walls Canvas Walls which canvas they may hire of the Upholsters after the rate of one penny the ell for many moneths together for notwithstanding this imployment it serveth the Painters turn sufficiently Neither ought this course seem very chargeable unto us if we do either consider the infinite number of Trees that a small square will receive if they be closely packed together or if we do estimate the profit that will arise of such forward fruit which will easily countervail the hire of our canvas And yet for our better encouragement herein I have heard that also noted of our best experienced Practisers this way Dwarf trees more fortunate â—hen others That these kinde of Dwarf-trees are commonly more fortunate in their bearing then our ordinary trees whose bodies are greater and carry their heads so high into the weather and it shall not be amiss notwithstanding these walls or covers Preparing of the ground for dwarf-Dwarf-trees to place these Dwarf-trees especially if they grow in vessels removeable either upon Pavement of Free-stone or Brick or upon a platform of Gravel whereby the Sun may reflect the stronger upon them always provided that you have also care to keep them sufficiently moist and from being withered or parched with the heat The manner how to water them which you may easily prevent in the time of dry weather by watering them continually by way of filtration out of apt vessels placed for the purpose And though your trees be fixed and growing in the ground yet it shall not be amiss to have a flore of hard gravel round about them to help the reflexion of the Sun so as you have care either to leave sufficient store of earth about the body of every Tree and the same earth to be laid in the forme of a concave receptive to receive such rain water as falleth and to convey that unto the root or else if you will cover the whole face of the ground with gravel you must then at the foot of every tree thrust in a pipe of stone for which purpose and to avoid charge the neck of these stone bodies wherein the Goldfiners do use to draw their strong water will serve very aptly which must receive a continual watering per laneam linguam as before The bigness of these Orchards to keep them moist And here if it were not for charge I could wish all these Orchards that are replenished with Dwarf-trees to consist of small squares so as they might be ten or twelve yards every way in length and breadth and no more The hight of the wals of this Orchard about which squares I would also erect the cheapest wall that could be devised which should not exceed
or twenty inches heighth and of a good breadth to be made in what fashion you will with two ears East and West and two pipes North and South at the which you may water your Flowers let the pipes be full of little holes at the entering into the pot and let your pot be made full of holes at the sides each hole distant one full inch from another in the which you may plant Tyme Hysop or small Lavender and as it groweth keep the same even with cutting or you may leave some part of the Herbs to grow longer then the rest to make thereof Diamonds Frets c. In these pots you may plant Roses Carnations Lillies c. or you may have your pots made in the shape of Flower-de-luces round Balls Diamonds c. 70. How to prevent the common error whereby every second year is made more unfruitful then otherwise it would be of Apples Pears Plums c. by the negligence of man Preserving the Bud. This is done by the careful gathering of your Fruit for almost every Apple Pear Plum c. when it is ripe hath a little pin or bud hard by it which the next year would be an Apple Pear or Plum and therefore in the gathering of your Fruit you must have special care to pull them off so as you hurt not the bud which is easily done if you break off the Pear Apple or Plum from the bud and not toward it whereby to hurt it 71. How to keep Plums from cleaving and so of Flowers This is done by the opinion of some by wreathing onely of the bows or branches whereon they grow Quaere if this or any such like means will help where Carnations or Gilliflowers do use to break the Cod. 72. How Flowers and other Dwarf-trees that root deep may notwithstanding be forced to grow in small pots or wooden vessels Quaere if this may not be done by planting them in pots that be divided in halves in ante num 20. or such as be made steeplewise whereby the earth and plant together may be uncased and pared away at the sides and bottoms and supplied with good and fresh mold and by taking away all the superfluous ragged roots thereof and cutting of the master root the shorter For the only let as I imagine that should hinder great Plants from growing long in smal vessels is because the root cannot have room and deep enough to grow in as also for that so small a quantity of earth cannot give nourishment enough to so great a Plant without some yearly helps 73. A special order for planting and ordering of all Orchards whereby your Trees shall flourish exceedingly and bear store of fruit Some hold opinion That if the ground be moist then the shallower you set the Trees the better they will prosper but if the ground be dry then the deeper the better but I have heard it very confidently affirmed by a Gentleman of good judgement and great experience in re rustica That all fruit-Fruit-trees would be placed even in the summity of the earth so as their roots may onely be well covered with earth by which practice he hath seen a Tree that grew deep before removed and planted in this manner which bare his full burthen of Fruit in the first year of the transplanting thereof and by this means every ground that will carry a good and rich swoard of grass and being onely two foot or eighteen inches of good earth will serve to make a most fruitful Orchard wherby that erroneous conceit that it is impossible to have a prosperous bearing Orchard where a vain of gravel lieth within two foot of the turff is utterly confuted and reproved which would be a very joyful and welcome secret to a great number of our English Gentlemen and others who notwithstanding their great charge in laying in of infinite store of earth upon their Backsides can by no means procure a good Orchard to themselves and that onely by reason of the deep setting of their Trees which how good soever the earth be doth greatly hinder them and keep them back both in spreading and fructifying the reason whereof is apparent to every young Novice in the Schools of Philosophy Now because these shallow-rooted Trees will be in some danger to be overcome with the high and boisterous winds it is therefore necessary to set them about Alhallontide when the ground being moist moist and supple and the driping season of the year may fasten and knit the earth unto them and for their better stay it will be requisite that every tree have a sufficient prop to support it all such grass or other weeds as grow about these trees must either be weeded out or pared away that there may be no Plant at all to draw any of that vegetative salt of the earth from the roots of the Trees this grass may be laid in some fit place till it be putrified and then returned again to his first place And because in hot Summers and dry weather these Trees that shall root thus near the superficies of the ground will be apt to parch and burn away unless there be some moistning means used to the same I would therefore advise that there be some pretty store of pease-straw or Fearn laid about the bottom of each Tree which being now and then well moistened with water if the season happen to be dry will keep the roots wet enough and defend them from the scorching heat of the sun or else you may wet them with a dropping list that may distill even through the straw or fern unto the root Quaere if that Vines may be used in this manner These Trees may be succored and relieved now and then with some fresh mold whereof a smal quantity will serve because the roots are so near to the uppermost crust of the ground here I think Sopeashes would serve to good purpose 74. The just time or ipsum nunc when it is best to graff both in respect of the Cions as also of the Stock The Spring time of all other is the most proper and apt time for graffing because then Nature being stirred up by the strength of the climing Sun doth force the sap to ascend into the uppermost part but because this season of the year is subject to much alteration either by excessive moisture or too much drout and sometimes by the sharp and nipping frosts that often do kill and many times do stay and hinder the first puting forth of Vegetables I have therefore thought it good for the better certainty of thy election and choice of times to shew thee some undoubted way how thou mayst understand Nature herself speaking in this point by undoubted and demonstrative signs unto thee And therefore when thou shalt perceive that she begineth to thrust forth those little red buds which give the first hope of encrease unto thee then I say and before those buds do break out either into a green colour much
you see to put forth as many or more buds then the rest of the Tree and which seemeth best to prosper in your eye 86. How to recover an old Border of Tyme or Hysop that is almost dead You must cut the same down very low at a convenient time and if you can after some present rain or against a showre and then earth the same presently by sifting earth all over the borders with a long and flat Sive made for that purpose which being in some measure answerable to the breadth of your borders will be much apter for this purpose then those round Sives that are usually imployed in this work whereby much earth falleth into the Alleys of your Garden 87. How to know the just time when to remove or transplant any Tree When the leaves begin to fade colour and wax yellow then is the fittest time of all other to remove them if you would have them to root well and bear speedily 88. How a man may have a speedy bearing Orchard but the trees not beautiful or to have fair and goodly Trees that will not bear Fruit so soon Prick in the kernels of Pippins Pears or other Fruit in your Nursery which Nursery would be always a worse ground then the Orchard wherin you must afterward remove them for otherwise your trees will not prosper so well when they are transplanted and after they be of three years growth viZ. about the bigness of your little finger you may graff them either in the stock or in the bud these young graffed Trees being afterward removed into your Orchard consisting of a good fat mold will bear fruit very speedily but thereby they will be hindered from being fair and mighty Trees like a woman that beginneth soon to teem whereby her growth and spreading is much hindered and this is an approved way to have a speedy Orchard But if you desire to have an Orchard consisting of fair and beautiful Trees but three or four years more backward in bearing then plant your Orchard at the first with Crabstocks and when they are able in any one year to put forth a shoot of two foot long at the least then are they fit to be graffed and not before these stocks being thus graffed will spread into goodly high and large Trees but not bear so soon as your other Trees any store of fruit And thus you may make your own election which manner of Orchard shall like you best 89. How to make branches or Arms of Trees to root If any Bough of a Tree do put forth a great number of warts or little knots in any place saw off that Arm or Bough one inch below those warts and prick it into the ground and it will root and become a Tree 90. How divers Trees and Hedges are kept backwurd by the ignorance of him that planteth them only When a Privie Hedge is laid too late as in February or March it will never come forward or prosper greatly Yea I have heard a man of good experience affirm that if this year in March a Privie Hedge be laid and another about Alhallontide the next year that the later hedge in seven years space will gain three years growth or spreading of the first the like is to be thought of all Trees 91. How to make the body of a Tree or any young Cions to grow full of squares or Losanges Slit a tender young stock or a shoot of six years when it is of some reasonable length about one finger or six inches in length and in the midst of the slit overthwartwise place a short stick that by thrusting out of the sides may make the form of a Losange the inside whereof must be covered with tar and in time the bark will cover the same and thus you may have a Tree full of Losanges and one square made contrary to the other whereby your work may seem the stranger 92. How to bring Fruit into any shape or to grow within molds This is done by clapping of party molds having vents upon young Pears Apples c. which have such forms and portraitures within as you like best I think leaden molds or molds of burnt clay to be the best and cheapest of all others You may also put in young bunches of Grapes into little stone pots or glasses made of purpose having vents in the top for I think otherwise they will distil with the heat of the sun Quaere of putting of water in the molds so as it touch not the fruit to make the Grapes to swell Quaere if leaden molds be not the best of all other to ripen Grapes quaere also if these molds being well sured towards Winter when the Fruit is ripe if so the Fruit will not hang a long time upon the Tree notwithstanding all frosty weather 93. The best manner of binding or closing of any new graffed Cions First let in the Cions of a good depth into the Stock so as if it take not in one place it may take in another then bind the same about with such bands as they use to bind Brawn and cover the band and slit all over with wax green wax I have seen to take good proof this way for loam will chop in dry weather and let in both winde and rain which wax will not and loam by its hardness bindeth in the sap too much which wax doth not hinder at all by reason of its softness and pliantness in warm weather through which even the buds by help of the sun do easily break 94. To backward Flowers as Gilliflowers Pincks Strawberries c. Quaere if by covering them over with some earthen pan with wet straw or hay about it they will not be much hindered removing the pot but one or two days in the week to take the sun least they wither away 95. Necessary Observations to make either outlandish or English seeds to grow the better If you can take the advantage of a hard frosty winter which hath mellowed the ground well and made the earth to crumble and then if it be also dry in March that the mold may fall to fine powder in the digging thereof and that your seeds be sowed and well covered before it rain if the infertility of the ground hinder not you shall be in good possibility of a rich crop I did sow some Staves-acre in a place whose mold was cast up in wet weather and consisting of earth and clay it did so clod together as that the seeds which were sowed the 26 of March did not appear above ground until the latter end of May and then also they came very thinly I had the like success in the same earth with Artichoke seeds whereof the hundreth one came not up although peradventure I might be abused in the seeds which is an ordinary practice in these days with all such as follow that way either to deliver the seeds which they sell mingled with such as are old and withered or else without
THE SECOND PART OF THE GARDEN of EDEN OR An accurate Description of all Flowers and Fruits growing in ENGLAND WITH Partuicular Rules how to advance their Nature and Growth as well in Seeds and Herbs as the secret ordering of Trees and Plants By that Learned and great Observer Sir HUGH PLAT Knight Never before Printed LONDON Printed for William Leak at the Crown in Fleetstreet betwixt the two Temple-Gates 1660. TO THE READER IT were very vain to commend the First Part of the GARDEN OF EDEN which hath been so often welcomed into the world in so short a time for without foolish Apologies which are but officious lies we can assure you it hath had four Impressions in less than six years The benefit it brings is as well known to the Country as to the London Stationer Only let me inform you That a Second Part never before Printed full as large as the First is here presented you and if possibly upon reading you could doubt its integrity you may at pleasure see the original Manuscript under the Authors own hand which is too well known to undergo the suspition of a counterfeit Therefore if heretofore the First Part of the GARDEN OF EDEN were a useful Book this is now much more when the GARDEN is enlarged and far better stored You will soon finde if truth be not now told you AN Alphabetical TABLE TO THE BOOK ALmond trees to forward p. 42 Apples Pears Cherries Grapes to grow great 112 Apples Pears Plums Grapes c. how to make dry as they grow page 151 Apricocks to make prosper well 154 Arbor an Artificial one 46 Artificial Dogs Lions Foul Fishes c. 46 Artichokes to grow great 53 Artichokes a second crop the same year 71 Artichokes how to makes the leaves stalks and roots good food for the table 113 B. BEans steeped in oyl 21 Beans and Pease cut down betimes 25 Beans a second crop the same year 48 Beans and Pease salt will forward 72 Beans and Pease forwarded 108 Branches or arms of trees how to make them root 123 Broom and Fern to destroy 109 112 C. CAnvas Tent for Dwarf-trees 5 Canvas Walls ibid. Carnations Gilliflowers Pinks c. how to graff upon a root of Carnations 136 Catterpillers how to destroy 151 Cherryes kept backward by a Tent 22 Cherries early 52 Cherry-trees whether horn will forward 75 Clay ground how to make fruitful 156 Cions or young trees to make to grow full of squares and losanges 125 Cions new graffed the best manner of binding or closing 127 Cions how to make the best choyce 119 Colleflower hindered in the blowing 72 Corn ground enriched with salt 78 D. dwarf-DWarf-trees more fortunate in bearing than others 6 Dwarf-trees the maner how to water them 7 Dwarf-trees tenderly kept a caveat for 12 Dwarf-trees watering them in a Stove 13 Dwarf-trees pots for 31 Dwarf-trees tubs for 32 Dwarf-trees or flowers to backward 36 Dwarf-trees to preserve fruit on 73 Dwarf-trees the fashion of your stove for 38 E. EArth compounded for Parcely 20 Earth compounded for Carnation 22 Earthen pans to place your pots in 35 F. FLowers and fruit to keep backward 51 Flowers and herbs kept by covering them as they grow 24 Flowers dwarf-trees how they may be forced to grow in pots or wooden vessels 89 90 Flowers to make double as also to enlarge either fruit or flowers and to make young trees prosper well 115 Flowers kept from cleaving 89 Frosts in May to prevent 4 Fructifying waters for seeds 73 Fruit early without the help of Brickwals 4 Fruit flowers backwarded several ways 24 Fruit kept backward 26 Fruit forwarded by a tent 40 Fruits horn into gelly will forward 76 Fruit when to gather 78 Fruits late 74 Fruit how to bring into any shape or to grow in moulds 126 Fruitfulness every second year of Pears Apples Plums proved 88 Fruit-trees how to dwarf so as your Orchard shall bear the first year 138 G. GArden pease or French-beans to grow without help of stick or poles 107 Gilliflowers Pinks Strawberries to backward 128 Gilliflower or Carnation root how to encrease the bearing exceedingly 137 Graffing time in respect of Cion and stock 96 Grapes nipping 15 Grapes growing late and kept long 54 Grapes to have several growing upon one branch and so also Roses Gilliflowers c. 147 Grapes how to keep upon the Vine till January and so of other fruit and flowers to keep backward 149 Grapes watering 157 Ground prepared for dwarf-dwarf-trees 6 Ground arched for dwarf-dwarf-trees 23 Ground enriched 157 Gunpowder Salt peter and Salt to forward Plants 21 H. HOw to sow in the wain or encrease of the Moon the weather being unseasonable 105 Honeysuckle Jessamie double how to multiply 142 How to graff in a dead trunk or stock of a willow-tree 144 Hysop and Time high borders speedily 44 I IMplastering inoculating or graffing in the bud 98 Iron backs to your pots 48 L. LEmon-tree to bear fruit 3 Lemon Orange Pomgranate-tree 74 Loâ— or proin when p. 75 M. MOunt Pyramids 45 Musmellons Cucumbers Pompeons Gooseberries how to have great and large 111 Musmellons and Pompeons c. observations in removing 135 Musmellon Cucumber Pompeon the planting and ordering 79 N. NIpping the first blossoms 41 Nourishing liquor rich mold 4 Nourishing water 34 O. OLive and Orange tree to bear fruit 3 Onions young all the year 68 Orange Lemon and Almond-trees forwarded 43 Orchards the bigness 8 Orchards the height of the walls 9 Orchards speedily to make 53 Orchards to flourish and bear store of fruit p. 91 Orchard or tree how to defend from the frosts of April or May whereby the blossoms may knit without danger 116 Orchard how to have to bear speedily 121 Ordering pots 30 P. PArseley to grow speedily 20 Peach-tree to make to bring forth Pomgranats 146 Peach-trees forwarded 76 Peach-stone to have no kernel 146 Pease and other seeds steeped in several liquors before the sowing 20 Pease forwarded with horn 76 Plants young covered with a vail in the night 77 Plums kept from cleaving 89 Pomgranate tree to bear fruit 3 Pompeons Musmellons Strawberries and Artichokes to make them prosper and grow great 152 Poses and Emblems of Checker-work 45 R. RAdishes young all the year 68 Refreshing pots with new mold 36 Rich earth for pots 70 Roots of young plants well watered 77 Rooting of seeds within door before they be sowed abroad 16 Rosemary to make prosper exceedingly 155 Roses late 26 Roses early 51 Roses growing at Christmas 69 Roses a practice upon 75 Rose-trees horn will forward 76 S. SAge to have great store speedily 147 Salt and earth putrified together to forward plants 22 Salt mold for your pots 35 Seacoal-ashes to kill worms and weeds 23 Seed when to sow in respect of the Moon 72 Seeds to grow the better outlandish or English 129 Several waters for plants 49 Shavings of horn steeped in water for plants 75 Sides of Borders in works 45 Soil for outlandish
Pepper trees and such like The sides of this room if you think good may be plaistered and the top thereof may be covered with some streined Canvas to take away at your pleasure Quaere if it be best to let the pipe of lead to breath out at the end onely or else at divers small vents which may be made in that part of the pipe which passeth alongst the Stove I fear that this is but a meer conceit because the steam of water will not extend far but if the cover to your pot be of mettal and made so close that no air can breath out saving at the pipe which is sodred or well closed in some part of the cover then it seemeth probable this cover may be put on after the pot is scummed 9. Mr. Googe citeth an opinion of some men that hold Pease and other seeds steeped in several liquors before the sowing that Pease being laid in water a day or two before they be sown will grow the sooner Quaere of Milk Spirit of wine or water that hath been long infused upon dung or waste soape ashes or common ashes whose heart and salt hath not been drawn out before quaere also whether the waters aforesaid being cold or blood-warm do serve best for this purpose quaere of steeping them in Sack or Malmsey White wine aqua composita c. Parsley to grow speedily 10. I have been credibly informed that if you make a lay of powdred lime and ashes Compound earth and then a lay of earth and dung and then a lay of lime and upon that a lay of good fat mould and do therein sow your Parsely seeds being first steeped in white wine Wine Aqua viâ—ae Wine lees water with and then water them presently that so the heat of the lime and dung will force up a wonderful and sudden spring in a few hours Quaere if there be any good use of this secret though it should be true quaere also of watering the said seeds with Aqua vitae or wine Lees. Fabam referunt novem diebus obrutam oleo Beans steeped in oyl germinare in duabus horis impositam pani calido Cardan de rer varietate 878. 11. Gunpowder Salt-peter and salt Some commend the applying of Gun-powder to the roots of Plants to forward them quaere of Salt-peter and quaere of the Salt that the Petermen derive from the Salpeter quaere of the ashes of every Plant bestowed upon it self Ashes Compound earth 12. Take one part of Soot and one part Cowdung and two parts earth plant the Slips of your Carnations therein after they are well rooted Quaere of Roses and other plants Cherries kept backward by a tent 13. Sir Francis Carew as I have heard did spread a tent over a Cherry-tree that was well taken and before they were grown to any great bigness and thereby defended them from ripening now and then also sprinkling water upon the Tent. Salt and earth putrified together 14. Quaere of putrifying of salt and earth together in some apt place before you apply the same to the roots of your Fruit trees or Flowers whether the same will not help your Plants forward 15. Sope ashes used often to forward Pease Fruit c. Quaere of strowing Sope-ashes at several times upon Pease or at the roots of other Fruits or Flowers before they be ripe what effects will follow and so of salt lime and all other kindes of enriching soil These ashes are reported to kill worms Seacoal ashes weeds and rushes where they are bestrewed Quaere of the use of Sea-coal-ashes 16. Arching the ground Quaere of arching of a small Orchard for dwarf-Dwarf-trees and fire placed under the arches in cold weather quaere also of planting of great store of pieces of glass upon the whole face of the ground to procure a stronger reflexion Glasses upon the ground Herbs and flowers kept by covering them as they grow 17. There were divers dainty fresh sallat herbs presented at Christmas to Sir Cutbert Bucks Lord Mayor of London by an Italian which he had onely covered in the earth as they grew Quaere if it be not better to cover them over with sand than with earth to defend them from putrefaction quaere how many sorts of Herbs and Flowers may be kept this way Plus num 19. Backwarding of Fruits and Flowers several ways 18. Cut Roses in the end of April quaere if the bud onely or the buds and other shoots must be cut off when they are full of young buds and the branches will bud again when all other Roses have done blowing this I did see experimented in Oxford in July 1585. Cut Roses monethly one under another and see what effects will follow I have proved the cutting off of such Gilli-flowers stalks as began to spindle and by that means they put forth their buds much later quaere in what other Fruits or Flowers this practice may be used quaere also if Flowers or other Dwarf-trees may not be hindred from bearing their fruit early by keeping such pots in shady places or keeping them within doors for a time until you would have them to come forward Beans and Pease cut down betimes quaere of Beans and Pease cut down in April or May Fruit kept backward quaere of twisting the branch of any Tree or Flower and binding the same so twisted to a stick quaere of binding a band streight about the branch of any Tree or Flower or winding of Packthread many folds about the same And quaere how long such fruit or flowers will hang upon their branches being thus used Also when you have wreathed a branch of a Cherry-tree or Plum-tree with your hand somewhat hard then stay it there with two splents vide quid fiet Also prove how little of the bark will serve a branch to convey the sap up to the fruit and take away all the rest with a knife Late Roses Roses have been tried to come late by binding the bark hard of the branches whereon they grow 19. Covering of Violets or Strawberries with sand or pots Quaere of covering over the Violets that come about Michaelmas with sand sicut ante num 17. and so of Strawberries that blow in cold weather but this covering for Flowers I think would be done by whelming of apt earthen pots upon them which pots may also be covered over with earth or sand if you see cause for that otherwise you shall deface the Flowers Quaere of Artichoke roots covered so all the winter to make them more forward in the Spring and so of the like profitable Plants quaere if it be not necessary to have earthen covers or caps to fit these pots which you may take off at your pleasure in warm and rainy or in sunny weather and after close them up and cover them again as before You may also cover each Dwarf-tree either growing
at the time of the knitting and by this practice you may happen to have Cherries upon your Dwarf-trees when the great Cherry-orchard in Kent shall fail And because every spectator or beholder of these conceited trees may not presently look into the invention hereof it shall not be amiss to make either so many holes in the ground or so many brick receptacles as will receive your pots all the Summer time wherein they may be so closely placed even with the ground and all the brims of the pot so covered with earth as that they shall seem to be growing ends in ordinary manner to the great admiration of all such as shall behold them dwarf- The fashion of your Stove for the Dwarf-trees 20. Your Stove or close Orchard may be made to open at all sides saving the North in the manner of the shop-windows in London whose board and timber must be well pitched oiled or greased over with the fat of the powder-beef-pot but then perhaps it will be offensive to your apparel because it is over long in drying the roof also may be divided into four parts and each part so placed as that it may be drawn up with a pulley thereby to receive the Sun and Rain when you shall think good and in cold weather or in the winter season to be kept warm according to the manner set down ante num 8. But how to build a house in such form as that the Sun both in the Summer and also in the Winter season may shine therein very plentifully see the opinion of Cardanus cited in the Collection of secrets made by Wickerus p. 591. Quaere of a round Stove turning on a pin like a Windmil and being full of glass-windows Forwarding of fruit by a tent 21. A tent spread over a Cherry-tree or any other Fruit-tree and receiving that vaporous heat ante num 8. will help greatly to forward the blossoming and ripening of any fruit being used in the night time and in all other sharp and cold weather all the Art will be herein to have some speedy means of pitching or spreading this tent and taking the same down again Cutting of Vines to bear quickly 22. When you plant the cuttings of Vines chuse such of the last years shoots as may have some part of the former years stock cut off with them and so you shall have Grapes a year sooner at the least 23. Quaere Nipping off the first blossoms if the taking away of the first blossoms of Fruits will force any Fruit-tree to bring forth new blossoms and thereby to bear fruit a great deal later post 81. 24. Glasses on your yong plants When you have first prickt in your seeds into the ground set over each of them a glass which is broad below and the bottom broken out and whose neck is narrow but leave the mouth open these glasses defend off the cold air encrease the heat of the sun and keep the Plants moist because the water as it ascendeth by the attraction of the sun so it slippeth down again by the gliding sides of the glass for I have seen in dry weather the ground which hath been covered with one of these glasses much blacker and moister then any other earth round about it this is done to defend a young plant from the nipping cold and from the parching heat until it have gotten up to some growth whereby it may defend it self the better and then you may remove the glass Soil for out-landish plants 25. Let every outlandish Plant be set in such soil as cometh nearest in kinde to that soil wherein it did naturally grow beyond the Seas or if you can bring over sufficient of the same earth wherein it grew To forward Almond trees 26. Steep the Almonds with their shels in milk two or three days then make a trench of good dung of two foot deep upon which make a lay of fine sifted earth of a hand breadth deep into which prick your Almonds then cover them with more sifted earth and every year remove them always planting them in the same trenched ground and so they will grow a yard in heigth every year as Sir Edward Denny of Ireland assured me upon his own trial these because they are dainty and shady trees are fit to make stately Walks in Noblemens Gardens 27. Orange Lemon Almond trees forwarded For the forwarding of your seeds of Oranges Lemonds Almonds Pomgranates c. use the same order as is here set down for Musk-mellon seeds and then remove your Plants into pots which by apt covers you may sufficiently defend from all manner of cold weather not exposing them to the air but onely in a sunny day When to sow that which you wou d have to seed 28. Whatsoever you would have to run to seed apace sow that seed either in three days before or three days after the full of the Moon quaere if the three first days be not the better and quaere if the day of the full be not the best of all other High borders of Time Hysop c. speedily 29. If you board up earth to the height and bredth of a privy hedge that is of six or seven years growth with boards that be thick and well seasoned and bored through full of large and slope holes or rather being full of long slits after the earth is well setled you may plant the top of the border and sides likewise with Hysop Time Sides of borders in works Lavender c. or else you may plant the sides with some contrary Plant to make the one to set off the other the better This way you may make dainty Borders of Carnations if you keep the sides cut in frets or other works planting the Carnations on the top of the borders or if you please you may cut out square holes like checker boards Checker-works Posâ—s and Emblems or fair Roman Letters in poses or emblems in the sides of the borders and so keep them according to the works By this devise you may also make Mounts Pyramids c. Mouâ—ts Pyramids according to the shape of the case wherein you plant and it will seem very strange being set of such plants as do ordinarily grow very low and near the ground An artificial tree or arbor This way also a man may plant an artificial Tree or Arbor planting the body and arms of the tree with Herbs or Flowers and to cover the secret you may hide the arms and body with the bark of trees or moss as also Dogs Dogs Lyons Fowl Fish c. artificial Lions Bulls Men Fishes Fowle c. having hollow moulds for the same either of stone or wood well pitched within and without There may be also pipes of lead conveyed through the bodies of such forms which must be stopt at the ends and have divers little holes in them whereby water may be conveyed with a Funnel into the
better both for the credit of their houses and the health of their Customers if they spent that time in their beds which they spend in their Cellars at midnight But it shall suffice at this time that I have broken the ice into a harder passage and that I have given a taste of some new skil which I will be ready to enlarge and amplifie as well in this subject as in others of higher reach when I shall see men of worth and special desert to be distinguished from the vulgar sort by their honorable reward till which time I will leave Nature in a sweet slumber Sed nunc ad oppositum Young Onions all the year 41. If you sow onion seeds every moneth in the wane of the Moon and in cold weather if you steep the seeds in warm water and sow them in earth well dunged in pots and remove the pots into close rooms in cold and unseasonable weather you may by this means have Onions young and fresh growing all the year as a Gentleman of Ireland did credibly inform me of his own experience Quaere if young Radishes may not be had in the same manner Young Radishes all the year 42. Roses growing at Christmas If you cut a Red or Damask Rose root on Mid-summer day between eleven and twelve of the clock before noon at Christmas it will bear Roses Note that you must defend them from cold weather by covering them all over with straw Quaere if this secret may not be performed best in such Roses as grow in pots or tubs because they may be best defended from all injury of frosts by removing them into closs places 43. Grapes gâ—owing late Towards cold weather you must cover with some well tempered loam as with hors-dung or flocks but I take flock to be the better all the stalks of the Vine even to the bunches of Grapes covering the bunches themselves with straw and so you shall have your Grapes growing upon the Vine at Christmas Quaere if this secret serve for any other Trees Note also that your vines must be opened three times in the year and be dunged with some apt soil for them Rich earth for pots 44. Take the earth that you shall finde under an old Muck heap but dig not too deep this alone is an excellent mold to plant your Gilliflowers and other Flowers and Dwarf-trees in but if you mingle therewith both lime and dung also and temper them well together it will be a good means to forward such Flowers as you shall place therein but you must not set your pots in the South sun Quaere of planting each Flower in its own putrefaction with earth or in the putrefaction of Corn or any other Vegetable See more at large hereof porta pag. 100. 45. A second crop of Artichokes Some by cutting down of Artichokes presently after their bearing gain also a second crop about Michaelmas or Alhallontide if the weather prove not too sharp because the Plant is tender or else after they have done bearing you may cut them often if you will lose your second crop of Artichokes and content your self only with such stalks as will spring from time to time and be very good meat being tenderly sodden When to sow seeds in respect of the Moon 46. All such seeds as you would have to run to seed again must be sown in the three days before or after the full of the Moon or at the full and these will be forwarder then those which be sown three weeks before them in the wain of the Moon as some Gardeners do hold Hindering of the Colleflower in blowing 47. When your Coleflower is almost ripe cut it off leaving a pretty long stalk at it prick the stalk in the ground and by this means the flower will be somewhat long before it blow and so you may have then one under another as you shall have cause to spend them Salt to forward Pease 48. Quaere of sowing of two bushels of salt amongst four bushels of Beans or Pease what effects it will work either in forwarding them or in the enriching of the soil especially being oftentimes strewed for I have been credibly informed that the like proportion of salt amongst seed-corn will multiply the encrease thereof exceedingly 49. To preserve fruit upon dwarf trees Plant many Dwarf-trees and bow down their branches with their fruit upon them including the fruit And quaere how long the fruit will keep you must have party covers to your pots and wel luted 50. A fructifying water or seeds Quaere of striing of seeds in water wherein some Sandiner is first dissolved Quaere if one sixteenth part be not a good proportion for that cometh near unto the salt water wherein there is some eighteen or twenty parts of salt Lemon Orange Pomgranate tree Quaere also of watering all outlandish Trees as Lemon Orange Pomgranet c. therewith to forward them in their bearing Quaere also of a strong Lee made of the waste Sope-ashes plus ante num 33. Late fruits 51. Some do hold that if you nip off the blossoms in the midst with your nails when they do first bud forth that new blossoms will afterwards break forth close by them which will come later then the first Quaere of the like practice upon those new blossoms likewise ante num 23. 52. A practice upon Roses Quaere what will follow by the declination of the branches of Roses and other Flowers into pots either empty or half full of water and standing within the ground 53. Sopesuds and Powder-beef-broth Quaere of throwing all the sope-suds and all the Powder-beef-broth at the roots of cherry-Cherry-trees and other Trees what effect will follow and so of flowers 54. When to lop or proin Lop no tree in wet weather neither cut down any Herbs in a rainy day but in necessity Andrew Hill 55. Shavings of horn Quaere of steeping shavings of horn a long time in water and after watering of Trees or Plants therewith Horn to Cherry-trees 56. Quaere of laying of store of horns at the roots of Cherry-trees c. if they will forward their bearing Pâ—ase forwardâ—d with horn 57. What shavings of horn will do in forwarding a Pease field or in forwarding of outlandish seed but especially sow early Pease such as Mr. Flower soweth by Bednal-green Taylors shreds 58. Taylors shreds laid upon the ground will enrich it greatly Horn into a gelly to forward fiuiâ—s 59. If you steep shavings of horn in water and lime the horn in time will grow to a gelly then may you drein away the water and apply the same to the roots of Trees or Herbs without discovering of your secret Rose-trees forwarded I have heard them much commended in forwarding of Rose-trees 60. When to proin trees The branches of all Trees must be cut off in setting time Peach
tree except the Peach tree from which you must onely take away the dry branches Ex veter lib. manuscrip pergam Th. Gas 61. Young plants covered with a vail in the night When you plant any tender Tree as the Apricock or such like place it if you can against a pale or wall and till cold weather be past cover the same with a close cloth every night rolling it up in the day time when the sunshineth or when the air is warm and temperate 62. Roots of yâ—ung plants well watered In the planting of every young Tree or Bush pour in after it is set a gallon two or three of water after it to make it root the sooner When to gather fruit 63. Gather your Apples when the weather is dry and also in the waining of the Moon and that will preserve them greatly from rotting quaere if that be not general in all fruit Cropping of trees 64. When you cut off the head of any Tree either to graff upon or for fuel leave one branch near the top for the sap to run up upon for fear the tree perish Enriching of corn ground with salt 65. If you scatter three bushels of bay-salt upon arable ground after harvest you may sow four times barley upon the same ground and gain rich crops quaere of a fith crop Probat at Cheswick per Mr. Phil. Herb. 66. The whole manner of planting and ordering the Musk-Mellon Cucumber Pompeon c. Get a load or two of new horsdung wherein there is good store of Litter and such as is not above seven or ten days old or not exceeding fourteen and which hath been laid still upon a heap as it was taken out of the stable dig a pit that may be fit to receive the same and ever as you lay any reasonable quantity thereof tread it down as hard as you can then sift about two inches thick of fine mold upon the dung and prick in at every three or four inches a Musk-mellon seed which must be first soaked twenty four hours together in milk stake this border of dung and earth round about very thick with sticks or forks that may appear above the ground some four inches in heighth and upon these sticks lay hurdels or lathes or other twigs so fastned together as that lying upon the sticks they may cover all the Plants over upon these Hurdels lay good store of straw viZ. so much as may be sufficient both to defend the cold from the seeds and also to keep out a reasonable showre of rain if it happen to fall before the removing of your plants Let them so rest for twenty four hours and then you shall see them peep above the ground and if the weather be open and that the Sun shine give them for seven or eight days after two hours sun at the rising and likewise at the setting thereof every day by removing away the Hurdels with the straw upon them then if the weather have been warm and that you see that every Plant hath gotten three or four leaves you may remove them taking also sufficient of the earth and dung that grew about each Plant with it not loosening the root at all then set these Plants in holes made of purpose so as they may stand about six inches within the earth that thereby you may cover them and uncover them as before for five or six days and if they hold out so long then are they past all danger unless some storm of hail happen to beat upon them but to avoid all danger I think it not amiss for three or four weeks after they be removed to keep them covered with empty pots as before both night and day saving that in fair days you may acquaint them by little and little more and more with the Sun in cold or gloomy days not uncovering them at all Now when they have shot out all their joynts which you shall perceive when you see a knot at the very end of the shoot which is somewhat before the flovvering time then must you cover every knot or joynt vvith a spade or shovelful of earth and thereby each knot vvill root and put forth a nevv shoot quaere of the same order in Cucumbers Pompeons by vvhich means you shall have great encrease of Mellons as perhaps tvventy five or thirty rising from one Plant. But if in twenty four hours space your Plants do not peer above the ground then you must water them in the heat of the day and your water being pretty warm and quaere if some of those waters ante num 33. be not good for this purpose quaere also of salt or urine which are thought of some to be a very special good means to keep a dunghil a long time hot for the digestion of Chymical work You must not forget to water these young Plants often at which time you may prove either common water or first infused in some rich soil and then warmed before you apply the same quaere of bestowing of sope-ashes about their roots When your Mellons are as big as little balls then if you nip off the shoots that are beyond them they will grow exceeding great for then the sap doth not run any more to waste Note also that this fruit desireth to be kept from moisture and therefore you must use to cover them with broad leaves from the rain Some be of opinion that all the art before set down for the speedy obtaining of Plants is needless and that if you do onely let a few Musk-mellons shed their seeds as they grow that so they will be much forwarder then by this device Sed quaere if it shall not then be very requisite to cover and defend them from all the injury of the winter frosts which the tenderness of that Plant will otherwise very hardly bear or indure quaere of Ridge tiles or other Cilinders of clay or tin plates to set opposite against the Sun and close by their roots in such sort as they may receive the reflection of the Sun upon them to hasten their bearing which you must remove in the afternoon opposing them still towards the sun so as the Cilinders may at no time in the day shadow the roots but then it will be also necessary to water them continually with dropping lists lest the excessive heat of the sun-beams should make them to parch and wither See all this more truly set down in my last book of Gardening fo 8. num 18. Speedy arbors and green in winter 67. The Beech-tree groweth green continually and therefore most apt to make pleasant Arbors for the winter also See Googes Husbandry fol. 101. 68. Beech-trees or Birch-trees make an Arbor speedily and so likewise of the Jesamy and of the Pompeon Plants but they grow not long green quaere of French-beans Delicate pots for Carnations 69. In this manner you may have most delicate Carnation or Gilliflower pots Cause pots of eighteen
any mingling at all to sell such as are stark naught I would there were some fit punishment devised for these petit coseners by whose means many poor men in England do oftentimes lose not onely the charge of their seed but the whole use benefit of their ground after they have bestowed the best part of their wealth upon it Cheapside is as full of these lying and forswearing Huswives as the Shambles and Gracechurch-street are of that shameless crew of Poulters wives who both daily most damnably yea upon the Sabath day it self run headlong into wilful perjury almost in every bargain which they make selling Cocks for Capons when they have pared their combs and broken off their spurs old Hens for Pullets when they have broken their pinions and brest-bones Buntings for Larks when young Dames go to market bruised Rabbits for sound being in their skins and yet they will have their Cases too except the bargain be the wiselier made and stale Fowl for fresh and new or at the least both sorts mingled together maintaining their sales with such bold countenances and cutting speeches with such knavish practices and such forlorn Consciences as that they have both driven away many honest Matrons from their stals and so corrupted a number of young maiden Servants with their bold and lewd lying with their desperate swearing and forswearing that they have made all plain and modest speech yea all kind of Christianity to seem base and rustical unto them I would inveigh more bitterly against this sin if my text would bear it but now I will leave it unto the several Preachers of the Parishes where they dwel who can present this matter more sharply and with less offence then I may I pray God that either by them or by the Magistrate or by one means or other this great dishonor of God and of Religion may be speedily removed amongst us But to return to our first subject I think it very necessary to sow as early as the coldness of the Spring will give you leave I sowed Anni eeds and Fenigreke the 26 of March 1594. and they prospered exceeding well and yet I would have sowed more early but that the beginning of March was so showring that I could not garden any sooner these Anniseeds began to flower about the midst of June at which time also the Fenigreke was full of cods Quaere if the Staves acre Artichoke-seeds and Comin-seeds which I then sowed also would not have proved better if they had been steeped for some reasonable time in water I do finde by experience that Anniseeds and Fenigreke delight in ground that is enriched with Sope ashes and Cominseed as I think would either be steeped in salt water before it be sowed or else some little store of salt would be mingled in the earth for I found it to fail me in divers other trials which I made without salt and yet if I had not over-salted the ground I think it would have proved much better Quaere of ground enriched with horn for outlandish seeds because I have been credibly informed that they will make Parsely seeds to disclose themselves in three weeks In March 1595. I sowed English Wormseeds a seed much like if it be not the same to that which is called Semen Ameos in ground enriched with horn and it grew very ranck and full of blossoms 96. A necessary observation in the removing of young Plants of Musk-mellons Pompeons c. The younger that you set them being strong enough to be removed I think they will prosper the better for the sap will sooner rise and be able to feed them 97. How to graff upon one root of Carnations all manner of Carnations Gilliflowers Pinks c. Pull off the top some two or three inches in length of every branch and in their places put the like tops of flowers of contrary colours thrusting them in as closs as you can and then bind them about with some thred and they will bring forth the like flowers as those roots did bear from whence they were taken This of Mr. Jarret the Chyrurgeon in Holborn 98. How to encrease the bearing of any Gilliflower or Carnation root exceedingly Wreath every stalk a little in that place which you mean to cover with earth then lay your earth thereon and by this means every Slip will bring forth great store of Flowers You may also dwarf them into little pots being slit on the sides and when they have taken sufficient root you may cut them off from the old root and so of every slip you shall have a bearing root the same year This also of Mr. Jarret the Chyrurgeon 99. How to encrease the double or single Stock-Gilliflowers Nip off the tops of them before they bud at some reasonable length and beat the stalk toward the bottom with the back of a knife and then prick them into the ground and close the earth well unto them I have heard that the double Stock-gilliflower doth never yield any seed 100. How to dwarf any manner of Fruit Tree so as your Orchard shall bear fruit the first year In the beginning of January or at the least before the same moneth expired chuse a shoot of two years old and if you can such a one as hath some small sprigs about that part of the branch which shall rest in the midst of the pot for they help greatly in the rooting then cross-hack near those sprigs about some two inches in length round about the bark with the edge of your knife and then let it in at a slit which of purpose must be made in the pot wherein you mean to dwarf fill the same full of earth and if occasion serve now and then you may water the same hang this pot either by wiers firm to the body of the Tree or else drive in a stake near the shoot and place your pot thereon and let the same continue one whole year before you cut it off from the old Tree Note that the aptest pots for this purpose be such as hold sugar loaves having slits of an inch in bigness at one side thereof from the bottom to the very top and having feet made unto them whereon they may stand wherein they differ from the sugar pots and it will not be amiss if these pots consist of two parts whereby you may take them from the earth without breaking of the earth when you would plant them in the ground and so the same pots will serve often These dwarf-Dwarf-trees will bear fruit the first year See ante num 83. how to defend such an Orchard in blooming time from frosts Also if these Trees be set in rancks the Walks being well gravelled leaving onely round rings of earth about the bodies of each of six inches in breadth where you may place some straw or fern if you fear the exceeding heat of Sol by this means the Sun will make a strong reflection upon the fruit to procure a speedy ripening