Selected quad for the lemma: ground_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
ground_n	fruit_n	good_a	hear_v	3,037	5	6.4572	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A87184	The compleat husband-man: or, A discourse of the whole art of husbandry; both forraign and domestick. Wherein many rare and most hidden secrets, and experiments are laid open to the view of all, for the enriching of these nations. Unto which is added A particular discourse of the naturall history and hubandry [sic] of Ireland. By Samuel Hartlib, Esq.	Hartlib, Samuel, d. 1662.; Dymock, Cressy.; Child, Robert, ca. 1612-1654, attributed name.; Weston, Richard, Sir, 1591-1652. Discours of husbandrie used in Brabant and Flanders.; Hartlib, Samuel, d. 1662.	1659 (1659)	Wing H980; Thomason E979_10; ESTC R207715	107,974	155

me yet I have heard it by so many that I believe it to be true Namely that an Orchard of 30 Acres of Cherries produced in one year above a 1000 pound but now the trees are almost all dead it was one of the first Orchards planted in Kent Mr. Cambden reporteth that the Earl of Leicester's Gardiner in Queen Elizabeths time first began to plant Flemish Cherries in those parts which in his time did spread into 16 other Parishes and vvere at that time sold at greater rates then novv yet I knovv that 10 or 15 pound an Acre hath been given for Cherries more for Pears and Apples 2 There is a great Deficiency in the ordering of Orchards in that they are not vvell pruned but full of Mosse Misletoe and Suckers and oftentimes the ground is packed too thick of trees for they should stand at least 20 foot asunder neither vvill ill husbands bestovv dunging digging or any other cost on Orchards vvhich if they did might pay half their rents in some places One told me for a secret a Composition for to make Trees bear much and excellent fruit vvhich vvas this First in an old tree to split his root then to apply a Compost made of Pigeons-dung lees of vvine or stale Urine and a little Brimstone to destroy the vvormes it hath some probability of truth for by experience I knovv that a bushell of Pigeons-dung hath caused a tree to grovv and bear vvhich for divers years before stood at a stand but concerning the splitting the roots I know not what to say Some old Authours affirm this ought to be done because that the roots may as well be hide-bound as other parts of the tree and not able to attract his nourishment and when the Root is split it will speedily send forth divers small fibrous roots which are the principall Attractors It were good that some vvould give us an account exact of this Experiment But some wil object against Orchards that they spoil much ground and therefore ought to be planted onely in hedges To this I answer 1 That Plumtrees and Damsins may very well be planted in hedges being ordinarily thorny plants this is used very much in Surrey and Kent where the Plums usually pay no small part of their Rent yet I never saw in these Southern parts of England any Apples or Pears thrive in an Hedge unlesse a Crab or a Wilden or some Sweeting of little worth How they thrive in Hereford-shire and those places I knovv not 2 The Inconveniencies of Orchards planted at 20 or 30 foot distance is not worth speaking of for this is the usuall course in Kent when they plant any ground they exactly place them in rank and file and then plough their lands many years and sowe them with Corn till the Orchard beginneth to bear fruit then they lay them down for pasture which pasture is not considerably soure but hath this advantage above other Pastures 1 That it is sooner grown by 14 dayes in the spring than the Medows and therefore very serviceable 2 In Parching Summers here is plenty when other places have scarcity 3 They are great shelters for Cattle especially sheep who will in those places in great snowes scrape up meat which in other places they cannot do and if the pasture were soure yet the losse is not great for it will be a convenient place for the Hogs to run in who must have a place for that purpose where there are no Commons 4 I say that the Benefits are so many by Orchards that you ought like an ungrateful man to thrust them up to the hedge for they afford curious walks for pleasure food for Cattle both in the Spring early and also in the parching Summer and nipping snowy Winter They afford fuel for the fire and also shades from the heat physick for the sick refreshment for the sound plenty of food for man and that not of the worst and drink also even of the best and all this without much labour care or cost who therefore can justly open his mouth against them 3 Deficiency is that we do not improve many excellent Fruits which grow amongst us very well and that we have as yet many fruits from beyond Seas which will grow very well with us I passe by the generall and great Ignorance that is amongst us of the variety of Apples of which there are many sorts which have some good and peculiar uses most men contenting themselves with the knowledg of half a score of the best thinking the vertues of all the rest are comprehended in them as also of the variety of Pears which are incredibly many A Friend of mine near Gravesend hath lately collected about 200 species I know another in Essex Mr. Ward who hath nigh the same number I hear of another in Worcester-shire not inferiour to these In Northamton-shire I know one who hath likewise collected very many So that I dare boldly say there are no lesse in this Island then 500 species some commended for their early ripenesse some for excellent tastes some for beauty others for greatnesse some for great bearers others for good Bakers some for long lasters others for to make Perry c. But to our purpose I say many rare fruits are neglected to Instance 1 In the Small-nut or Filbird which is not much inferiour to the best and sweetest Almonds 2 The great Damsin or Pruin-plum which groweth well and beareth full in England 3 Almonds which groweth well and beareth good fruit as I have seen divers bushels on one tree in my Brothers Orchard 4 Walnuts which is not a fruit to be despised 5 Vines and Mulberries but of these presently in another place I might likewise adde Currants Raspeses of which excellent drinks may be made 6 Quinces of the which I cannot but tel you that a Gentleman at Prichenel in Essex who had a tree from beyond Sea hath the best in England and hath made above 30 pound of a small piece of ground planted with them as I have heard from his own wifes mouth And therefore it is by reason of our ill Husbandry that we have Quinces from Flaunders Small-nuts from Spain Pruins from France and also Walnuts and Almonds from Italy and Chestnuts which I had almost forgot from Portugall And now I cannot but digresse a little to tell you a strange and true story with my opinion of it In divers places of Kent as at and about Gravesend in the Countrey and elsewhere very many of the prime Timbers of their old barnes and houses are of Chestnut-wood and yet there is scarce a Chestnut-tree within 20 miles of that place and the people altogether ignorant of such trees This sheweth that in former times those places did abound with such timber for people were not so foolish surely in former times to runne up and down the world to procure such huge massey timbers for barnes and such buildings when as there was plenty of Oakes and Elmes at their doors

Ireland for vvhat grounds and grains each sort hovv vvhen and in vvhat quantity to be laid on E. Eagles Where any are vvhat sorts observations of their nature and properties their manner of hunting c. Earth What several sorts of earth in Ireland hovv differing for fruitfulnesse and in the several vvays of manuring the defects of each sort hovv to be amended Earthquakes Whether any in Ireland at any time when hovv long continued vvhat harme done by them Earewigs Ebbe and Flood See Tides Eeles Where most abundant biggest best vvhere and vvhen taken in great numbers vvith vvhat nets in vvhat vveather and season the manner of salting them vvhat the charges and vvhat the profits of the Eelesishing vvhen they come in season and hovv long they continue vvhat hath been observed about their ingendring and breeding Elder Elecampane Where any grovveth of it self any vvhere vvhere and vvhat store Elmes Where any grovv in the countrey vvhat store by whom planted F Fallow deere See Deere Fals Salmon leaps In what rivers any are in what Counties and Baronies neere what Towns how farre from the sea how high how broade Faulcons Where any breed what store where destroyed how taken how taught how to be ordered and dyeted Observations of their nature properties engendring manner of preying Felfares Where any are what store in what seasons their shape bignesse Colour taste price feeding Ferrets Where any are wilde how taken how made tame how dyeted Fig-trees Where any grow in whose gardens whether at any time they beare any fruit or any at all Filberts Where any grow wilde or in gardens Finches Where any store of them what sorts how differing in shape and Colour when in season Fir-trees Where any grow what store what use made of them where any found in bogs how deep under ground whether the stems only or with rootes and branches Fish What rivers and loghs most abounding with fish what kinds what goodnesse What strange fishes now and them are taken or cast a shoare Fishing What weather in general most fit for fishing dark gloomy days and troubled waters or Sunshine and calmes The several sorts of nets used in the sea locks rivers with the fashion and bignesse of every one of them and which nets most used for which kinds of fishes the several baites What other ways used for the taking of fish besides nets and angling Flax. What store of flax sowed in each County and Barony of what goodnesse the whole ordering of flax to make it fit for spinning Flies The several sorts of them when they come in when they go out Fleas Flood and Ebbe See Tides Floods Land floods Which parts most obnoxious to them what harm they suffer therby and how to be remedied Flowers What variety of rare and choice flowers in gardens and in whose gardens Flownders The several sorts of them where greatest store of them when and how long in season Foards Description of all Foards in any County or Barony that have any thing peculiar or remarkable in them Foggs In which parts most frequent and when what harm they are found to do to man or beast Forelands Description of all the remarkable Forelands in each County upon the coast how far they run into the sea how high what land barren or fruitful low or high rockie or sandie or earthy with a strand or without Fowle What sorts of Fowle in every Province and County what store what seasons how taken what sorts are constant in the Nation and what sorts do come and go at certain seasons Fountains What fountains in any parts that have any thing remarkable in them for largenesse fashion properties of water manner of rising c. Foxes Where most abundant what harm done by them the several ways of taking and killing them what particulars have been observed concerning their breeding lodging preying cunning what profit made of their skins and how sold the dosen at first hand Freestone What sorts of it differing in colour hardnesse smoothnesse c. what kinds grow better by wind and rain and what sorts worse where any very deep quarries are and how deep French beanes How long since and by whom brought into Ireland first Fruits What several sorts of good fruit in any gardens and orchards and whose how it useth to ripen Furres What several sorts of Furres the countrey affords and at what rates the manner of dressing them Furze Several sorts of Furze what profit Furze affordeth in what time it cometh to Perfection what benefit bringeth to the ground G. Galls Whether any grow upon the Oaks in Ireland and where Gardens Where any choice gardens for rare plants flowers fruits when and by whom made Geese Where any great flocks were kept and what profits made of them Wilde Geese in what parts what store their seasons whether they breed in the Countrey or come from other Countreys and from whence Glasse Where any Glasse-houses by whom made what the profits of them yearly all charges abated where they have their materials if in the land in what parts what sorts of glasse they make and out of what proportions of land and ashes the whole manner of melting the glasse Glue What sorts of Glue made in Ireland in what places of what materials after what manner Goats Gnats Where any flocks kept what the profits that are made of them what the yearly increase what time a year they use to kid how many at once how long they are at once whether any use made of their haire and what Godwins Where any be what store their shape bignesse Colour feeding season goodnesse Goshawks Wherein they differ from other hawks their shape bignesse where they breed how they are taken how nurtured at what games they are best the manner of their flights Goldfinches Where any plenty of them their shape Colours how they are taken Grafting What kinds of grafting used in Ireland what time a yeare best for them what particulars to be observed about them Gray-hounds What kinds of them in Ireland their nature and properties Grains See Corne. Grapes Whether any come to ripenesse where what kinds in whose gardens Grashoppers Whether any in Ireland what kinds what time a year Grasse The causes of soure rank grasse where the sweetest grasse where the deepest and thickest what grasse fittest to be preserved for winter-feeding what grasse best for Sheep Cowes Oxen Goats Horses Growses Where any store of them their shape bignesse colour when in season what kind of meat they are Gudgeons Where any be taken what time of the year their shape and bignesse H. Haddock Where taken in great quantities how farre from the coast what time a year how salted when best of all to be eaten Haile Hay All the particulars to be observed about hay-making Hares Havens Descriptions of each haven in what Countie how far from the next havens how large hovv deep hovv far they run into the land hovv vvide at the mouth vvhether barred or no● vvhat rocks and

usuall Cures of Smuttynesse besides those mentioned before are these 1 To lime your ground which warmeth and dryeth the land 2 To lime your Corne which is done thus First slack your lime add then moisten your Corne or lime and stir them together till your Graine be as big as a small Pease This liming preserveth Corn likewise from birds and worms and is found a very good Remedy against this disease others make a strong ly vvith common salt and steep their Corn in it all night and then draw away their ly for further use which seldome faileth of its desired effect Whether this strong ly doth by its corrosivenesse mortifie the weak and imperfect Corne so that it will not grow Or whether it be a Remedy to cure the imperfections thereof is worth the enquiry I suppose this ly doth exsiccate the superfluous humidity which is the cause of this corruption If Corne be brought into the barn very Smutty in Kent they usually thrash it on dry floors planked with boards by which means the Smuttynesse is beaten away and sticketh not to the Grain onely a little blacknesse appeareth about the eye but if it be thrashed on a moist floor the blacknesse sticketh to the grain which therefore appeareth dark and is sold at a lower rate to the Bakers Mildew is without question an unctuous dew which descendeth from above about Midsommer it aboundeth in dry years as Smuttynesse in moist I cannot think that there is ordinarily any Malignity in this dew but it produceth its effect by manifest causes viz. from an oily viscuous quality which stoppeth the pores of the husk wherein the Wheat lieth and depriveth it from the Ayre and consequently from nourishment for the Ayre is the life of all things I have heard and do believe that if you streak any eare of Wheat with oyl it wil produce the same effect I am sorry that I never tryed that I might better understand the nature of this sad calamity which often undoeth the Industrious Husbandman and causeth great scarcity in this Isle It is to be observed further that Wheat onely suffereth considerable damage by Mildew because it lyeth in a chaffy husk which other Grains do not The Grounds most subject to Mildew are these 1 Those that are inclosed vvith trees and high hedges And truly this is the onely great Inconveniency I find by enclosures 2 Low Valleys I have seen very oft in the same field the banks fine bright Corn and all the lower parts though greater in straw yet little vvorth by reason of the Mildew 3 Dung made of straw I have observed to dispose much to Mildew and Sheeps-dung to be a kind of Antidote against it as also Pigeons-dung because as I conceive these 2 last sorts abound much in Niter vvhich produceth a firme hard bright Corne not easily to be putrefied but the other being more oily and Sulphureous causeth a dark Spungy Corn soon corruptible And 2 because straw is a part in the same kind corrupted vvhich is alvvays in some measure hurtfull to the same species both in Animals and all Vegetables and therefore rotten sticks or the earth proceeding from them is found hurtfull to the roots of trees and trees vvill hardly grovv vvhere Roots of other trees have formerly been corrupted The Remedies for this Accident briefly are these Not to speak of Bees vvho questionlesse make most of their Honey from these Honeys or Mildews for they gather very little in comparison of that vvhich falleth 1 The best way is to cut dovvn the trees about your ground and your hedges lovv that the vvind may ventilate your Corn. 2 To sovve early that your Corn may be full Kerned before these Mildews fall I am informed that an Ingenious Knight in Kent did for curiosity sovve Wheat in all moneths of the year and that the Corn sovvn in July did produce such an increase that it is almost incredible and truly I think it a great fault in many places that they sow late for many reasons I am sure in France they usually sowe before Michaelmas 3 Some use and with good profit to draw a line over their Corn and to strike off the Mildew before it be inspissated by the Sun This ought especially to be done before sun-rising two men in an hour will easily run over an Acre the Mildews usually fall like a thick fog or a Mysty raine if you go to your Bees you will soon perceive it by their extraordinary labour very early in the morning 4 The use of a kind of bearded Wheat is an excellent Remedy for the beard shoveth off the dew that it doth not so easily insinuate it selfe into the eare and likewise causeth the eare to shake by the least wind There is a kind of Wheat in Buckingham-shire called Red-straw-Wheat which is much commended it 's a strong-stalked Wheat and doth not soon lodge and therefore excellent for Rank land where Corne is apt to lodge and consequently to Mildew but I question whether it hath any property against Mildew This I am very confident of that if this Wheat or any other were without the Chaffy huskes exposed bare to the Air as Barly and Rie are Wheat would not be afflicted with Mildew Perhaps such Grain may be found by diligent enquiry I have casually picked out of a Wheat-field some stalkes which had 2 ears on them and though Barly usually hath been 2 ranges yet I have seen some sorts wit 4 6 and there are many great varieties in graines not yet discovered Truly if any one knoweth better wayes then these how to cure this Malady of Mildew he is much to blame if he do not publish it for the good of his Countreymen I will not here set down the divers manners of Graftings and Inoculations which neverthelesse is an art absolutely necessary in Planting for every book of Husbandry doth shew it and every Gardiner can teach it those who are desirous to learn it Neither will I set down all the sorts of Apples Pears Cherries Plums c. for it would be too tedious a discourse and Mr. Parkinson hath already very excellently done it in his Book called Paradisus Terrestris where at leasure you may read it I will onely point briefly at the Deficiencies which I finde in this part of Husbandry and the best wayes to Remedy them 1 I say that it is a great Deficiency in England that we have not more Orchards planted It 's true that in Kent and about London and also in Glocestershire Hereford and Worcester there are many gallant Orchards but in other Countrys they are very rare and thinne but if there were as many more even in any Countrey they would be very profitable I know in Kent that some advance their ground even from 5 s per Acre to 5 pound by this means and if I should relate what I have heard by divers concerning the profit of a Cherry-Orchard about Sittenburne in Kent you would hardly believe

be hovven into Beds made very fine the ranges a foot distant bevvare least you let them heate and take heed of the mouse I have seen Cherry-stones and Apple-kernels grovv 2 foot and a half in one year and consequently in fevv years they vvould be fit to be transplanted The Art of Grafting Inoculating a Gentleman vvil learn in tvvo hours 2 Eor the advancing of Ingenuities in this kind as that making of Vinous-Drinks out of Apples Plums c. I counsel all Ingenious Gentlemen to try divers experiments in these kinds with these Cautions 1 That he attempt not great quantities at first which perchance will be chargeable and troublesome for by a gallon he may have as much certainly as by a hogshead 2 Not to be discouraged if they suceeed not wel at first dash for certainly there are many Ingenuities in these fruits which time wil discover 3 Proceed by fermentation for every liquour which will ferment hath a vinous spirit in it and without fermentation even the best fruits wil have none Lastly fermentation is done either in liquido or humido and herein consists some Mystery I have forgot to speake of Apricocks Peaches Melicotores which are fine pleasant fruits yet very dangerous and therefore called by the Italians Mazzo-francese that is Kill-Frenchman and wish Ladies and others to take heed of surfeiting by these and some other dangerous plums I cannot without much tediousnesse relate the diverse sorts of Vines which are even Infinite Rome having in it usually 40 or 50 sorts of Vines and all very good Other places of Italy Spain and France have also great varieties I therefore passe them by as also the manner of managing them because it is described in the Countrey-Farme and also by Bonovil a Frenchman who at the command of King James wrote a short treatise of Vines and Silkworms for the instruction of the plantations of Virginia I shall onely according to my method shew you the Deficiencies amongst us in this particular plant and the best Remedies for it And first although I think that the wine is the great blessing of God which Hot Countreys especially enjoy as temperate Countreys do Milk Butter Cheese in abundance and the coldest and Barrennest Fowl and Fish in an incredible number God of his goodnesse distributing some peculiar blessings to every Countrey Notwithstanding I dare say it 's probable that Vineyards have formerly flourished in England and that we are to blame that so little is attempted to revive them again There are many places in Kent called by the names of Vineyards and the grounds of such a Nature that it seemeth probable they have been such I hear further by divers people of credit that by records it appeareth that the tithes of wine in Glocestershire was in divers Parishes considerably great but at length Gascony coming into the hands of the English from whence cometh the most of the strong French Wine call'd high-Countrey wine and customes being small wine was imported into England from thence better and cheaper then we could make it and it was thought convenient to discourage Vineyards here that the greater trade might be driven with Gascoine and many ships might finde imployment thereby Some fond Astrologers have conceited that the earth being grown older and therefore colder hath caused the sun to descend many degrees lower to warm and cherrish it and one argument which they bring for this opinion is that Vines and Silkworms are found in those Countreys wherein former times they were unknown But if these fond men had considered the good Husbandry in these times with the blessing of God on it they had not run into such foolish imaginations This is true indeed that the Roman souldiers who had Alsatia given them to live in which is one of the best and most Southern places of Germany mutined because they thought it so cold that Vines should not grow there and that therefore they should be deprived of that delectable liquor whereas we find at this present day Vines flourishing many hundred miles more towards the North both in France Loraine and Germany and that they are crept down even to the latitude of England for the Rhenish-wines grew within a degree of the West-Southern places of this Isle and Paris is not two degrees South of us yet Vines grow threescore miles on this side Paris as Beaumont yea the Vines of these places are the most delicate for what wine is preferred before the neat Rhenish for Ladies and at table and truly in my opinion though I have travelled twice through France yet no wine pleased me like Vin D'ache and of Paris especially about Rueill which is a very fine brisk wine and not fuming up to the head and Inebriating as other wines I say therefore that it is very probable that if Vines have stept out of Italy into Alsatia from them to these places which are even as farre North as England and yet the wines there are the most delicate that they are not limited and bounded there For a 100 miles more or lesse causeth little alteration in heat or cold and some advantages which we have wil supply that defect But not to insist too long on probabilities I say that here in England some Ingenious Gentlemen usually make wine very good long lasting without extraordinary labour and costs To instance in one who in great Chart in the Wilde of Kent a place very moist and cold yearly maketh 6 or 8 hogs-heads which is very much commended by divers who have tasted it and he hath kept some of it two years as he himself told me and it hath been very good Others likewise in Kent do the same and lately in Surrey a Gentle-woman told me that they having many grapes which they could not well tell how to dispose of she to play the good House-wife stampt them to make verjuice but two moneths after drawing it forth they found it very fine brisk wine cleer like Rock-water and in many other places such experiments have been made I therefore desire Ingenious men to endeavour the raising of so necessary and pleasant a commodity especially when French Wine is so dear here and I suppose is likely to be dearer I question not but they shall finde good profit and pleasure in so doing and that the State will give all encouragements to them and if the French Wine pay excize and customes and the Wines here be toll-free they will be able to affoord them far cheaper than the French can theirs and supply the whole Isle if they proceed according to these Rules 1 To choose the best sorts of grapes which are most proper for this Isle and though there are many sorts of grapes amongst Gardiners yet I commend four sorts especially to them and I desire that they be very carefull in this particular for it is the foundation of the work if you fail in this you fail in all for I know that Burdeaux-Vines bear very great grapes

profit may arise from hence in this nation is manifested by that excellent Treatise which is published by you concerning the Husbandry of Flanders wherein are briefly set down divers particulars very usefull for us here in England and formerly unknown And without question France Spain Italy Holland Poland Germany c. have many excellent things both for Husbandry Physick Mechanicks worth the manifesting and very beneficial to us so likewise there are divers things in our Plantations worth the taking notice of in Husbandry To passe by the Southern Plantations as Barbadoes Antego Saint Croix Christopher Mevis Monferate where the commodities are onely Cotten-wools Sugars Gingers Indicoes which our cold climate will not produce and also Tobacco which groweth also with us about Norwich and elsewhere We will onely sail upon our Northern Plantations Verginia New-England and instance in a few things Why may not the Silk-grasse of Verginia the Salsaperilla Sassarfas Rattlssnake-weed which is an excellent cordial be beneficial to us as also their Cedars Pines Plum-trees Cherries great Strawberries and their Locusts which is a prickly plant a swift grower and therefore excellent for hedges be usefull to us So for New England why should we think that the Indian corn the Marsh-wheat that excellent Rie the Pease which never are eaten with magots the French or Kidney Beans the Pumpions Squashes Water mellons Musk-mellons Hurtleberries wild Hemp Fir c. of those parts are altogether uselesse for us as also the Cramberries which are so called by the Indians but by the English Bear-berries because it is thought the Bears eat them in Winter or Barberries by reason of their fine acid taste like Barberries which is a fruit as big and as red at a Cherry ripe onely in the winter and growing close to the ground in bogs where nothing else will grow They are accounted very good against the Scurvie and very pleasant in Tarts I know not a more excellent and healthfuller fruit But some will object that they will not grow here with us for your fore-fathers never used them To these I reply and ask them how they know have they tryed Idlenesse never w●●ts 〈…〉 cuse and why might not our fore-fathers upon the 〈…〉 held their hands in their pockets and have said that Wheat and Barley would not have grown amongst us and why should not they have been discouraged from planting Cherries Hops Liquorice Potatoes Apricocks Peaches Melicotones and from sowing Rape-seeds Colliflowers great Clover Canary-seeds c. and many more of this kind and yet we know that most of these have been brought to perfection even in our days for there is a viciffitude in all things and as many things are lost which were knowne to our fore-fathers as well the Purple colour c. as you may read in Pancirol so many things are found out by us altogether unknown to them and some things will be left for our posterities For example not to speak of Gun-powder and Printing nor of the New-world and the wonders there which notwithstanding are but of a few 100. years standing I say twenty Ingenuities have been found even in our days as Watches Clocks Way-wisers Chains for Fleas divers Mathematical Instruments Short-writing Microscopes by the which even the smallest things may be discrned as the egs eys legs and hair of a Mite in a Cheese Likewise the Selenoscope which discovereth mountains in the Moon divers Stars and new Planets never seen till our days But to return to our pur purpose I say that in Husbandry it is even so for the Ancients used divers plants which we know not as the Cytisus-tree so much commended for Cattel as also their Medick fodder which Colum saith endureth 10. years and may be mowen 4 years 7. times in a year and one Acre he esteemeth enough for 3 horses This fodder likewise is accounted very sweet and healthfull whereas the plants which are usually called Medicaes with us are annual plants and have no such rare proprieties So we are ignorant what their Far or fine Bread Corn was what their Lupine Spury and an hndred of this kind as you may read in Mathiol or Dioscorides so on the contrary infinite are Plants which we have and they knew not as well appeareth by their small and our large Herbals and dayly new Plants are discovered usefull for Hushandry Mechanicks and Physick and therefore let no man be discouraged from prosecuting new and laudable ingenuities And I desire Ingenuous Gentlmen and Merchants who travel beyond Sea to take notice of the Husbandry of those parts viz. what grains they sow at what time and seasons on what lands how they plough their their lands how they dung and improve them what Cattel they use and the commodities thereby also what books are written of Husbandry and such like and I intreat them earnestly not to think these things too low for them and out of their callings nay I desire them to count nothing trivial in this kind which may be profitable to their Countrey and advance knowledge And truly I should thank any Merchant that could inform me in some trivial and ordinary things done beyond Sea viz. how they make Caviare out of Sturgeons Rows in Muscovia how they boil and pickle their Sturgeon which we English in New-England cannot as yet do handsomely how the Bolognia Sausages are made how they ferment their Bread without Yest of what materials divers sorts of Baskets Brooms Frails are made what seed Grout or Grutze is made of and also how to make the Parmisane Cheeses of Italy which are usually sold here for 2. s. or 2. s. 6. d per pound or the Angelots of France which are accounted better Cheeses then any made in England as also the Holland Cheeses which are far better then our ordinary Cheeses and yet these sorts of Cheeses are made not of Mares milk as some think but from the Cows and our Pastures are not inferiour to theirs c 2. I desire ingenious men to send home whatsoever they have rare of all sorts as first Animals the fine-woolled Sheep of Spain Barbary Horses Spanish Jennets c. and so likewise all sorts of Vegetables not growing with us as Pannick Millet Rice which groweth in the Fenny places of Millan and why may it not grow in our Fens and the best sorts of Grains or Fruits in use amongst us perhaps there is Wheat that is not subject to Smut or Mildew perhaps other seeds will give double increase as Flax Oats Pease and divers other things of importance there are beyond Sea which may be usefull to us as the Askeys the Cork Acorns the Scarlet-Oak sweet-Annise which groweth abundantly in Millan Fenel c. Tilia or Linder-tree for bas●e Ropes c. Spruce Pines for Masts and Boards seeing that they are swift growers and many will stand in a small piece of ground they have formerly grown here and some few do flourish in our Gardens and in Scotland I suppose that this ought

transcending even the Chymists may be had out of these for every Plant which hath a Medicinal vertue is also sublimed up into this living Quintessence and therefore I commend divers ingenious men as Mr. Marshal and others who have collected many hundred sorts of these and I hope they will communicate ere long their experiments to the world 19. Deficiency concerning divers things necessary for the good of Cattel 1. That we are ignorant of the divers Diseases of Cattel and their Cures Not to runne over all the diseases of Cattell and their Cures which would be too long and you may read them in Mr. Markams works the Countrey Farmer and others I will instance only in two which some years sweep away Cattel as the Plague doth men viz. the Murreine amongst great Cattel and the Rot amongst Sheep And though divers have wrote concerning the Cures of these Diseases yet we do not find that effect which we desire and therefore I hope some will attempt to supply this Deficiency and write a good Treatise about the Diseases of Cattel Of these 2. Diseases I shall briefly declare my mind And. 1. Of the Murreine which proceedeth from an inflamation of the blood and causeth a swelling in the throat which in little time suffocateth the Cattel The especial Causes of this Disease are an hot and dry season of the year which dryeth up the waters or at least doth so putrifie them that they are unwholsome and also the letting of Carrion lie unburied This Disease is thought to be infectious but perhaps it may proceed from one common cause as the rottenness of Sheep The best way to keep your Cattel from this Disease is to let them stand in cool places in summer to have abundance of good water and speedily to bury all Carrion and if any of your Cattel be infected speedily to let them blood and to give them a good drench c. by these meanes divers have preserved their Cattel when their Neighbours have perished 2. Concerning the rot of Sheep not to speak of the Pelt-rot or Sheep that are starved but of the ordinary rot called by some the white rot and is a kind of dropsie their bellies are full of water and their liver discoloured I have seen out of the livers of sheep tending to rottennesse living Creatures leaping like small Flounders which without question in little time will destroy the liver and consequently produce an indisposition not unlike to the Rot. The common people say that these worms are caused by the over-heatings of sheep and that Rottennesse proceedeth from a plant called Cotyledon or Marsh Penny-wort which is of a very sharp taste and therefore not likely that sheep will eat it but it may be a signe of wet rotten Land as broom is of sound and dry land This is certain that in wet moist years sheep die very much of the Rot and in dry years on the same ground they hold sound and yet I have heard that in Ireland which is far moister then England rottennesse of sheep is not known It were therefore well worth the labour of an ingenious man to inquire into the causes of these indispositions in sheep The meanes which have been found very effectual for the curing of these Diseases are these first to drive your sheep up to dry Lands or to keep them in the fold till the dew be off the grasse or to feed them some dayes with fine dry hay especially of salt Meadow or to put them into salt Marshes for in those places sheep never rot or to drive them to some salt River and there to wash them and make them drink of the water this will kill the skab and also the ticks and fasten the wooll but if you have not the conveniencies before said then rub their teeth with salt or rather make a strong pickle with salt and water and force them to drink thereof Some dry Pitch in an Oven and add to the pickle and have found very good success for these Medicines do exoficcate the superfluous humidities open obstructions and kill worms Some commend the Antimonial Cup as a catholick Medicine against all Diseases of cattel 2. We are ignorant of divers ingenuities concerning feeding and fatting of Cattel and other Creatures To instance in some And 1. Of the Horse who is a great feeder In Kent and Hartfordshire they usually cut all their Oats and Pease small and give them with their Chaffe by this means the Horses sooner fill themselves and eat all the straw up some put his Horse-meat into a bag and so order it that a little only lyeth in the Manger which when that is eaten up more falleth down and not before by this way Horses do not blow their meat nor throw it out of the manger with their Noses A further good peece of Husbandry they use which is this when their Horses are well fed at night they fill the Rack with Wheat or Barly-straw and so leave them the Horse perceiving that that which is in the rack is not very pleasant lyeth down and taketh his rest which is as good to him as his meat if he rise in the night and fall to the rack and manger as he usually doth and findeth nothing but straw he sleepeth till the morning but if it be Hay Tares or Pease the Jade will pull it all down and spoil it and likewise will be hindred from his rest by the which double damage doth insue Currying and dressing of horses ought not to be forgot it is half as good as their meat Brimstone and Elecompaine roots are the especial ingredients for this Physick 2. Of the feeding fatting of Cows We usually feed Cattel with straw in racks in the yard or turn them to the fields and there let them feed as much and how they please which hath many inconveniences as first Cattel spoil as much with their heels as they eat especially if the ground be moist or if the Flie be very troublesome and they blow and stench and tumble much and if the Flie be busie they run up and down and over-heat themselves and fat very little so that oftentimes in Iune or Iuly they fatten as little as at Christmas and most of their dung is lost by these means c. But in Holland they do thus They keep their Cattel housed winter and summer for the Winter-provision they lay in not onely hay but also grains which they buy in Summer and bury in the ground and also Rape-seed Cakes and sow Turneps not onely for themselves but their Cows also with the which Turneps being sliced and their tops and Rape-seed Cakes and grains c. they make meshes for their Cows and give it them warm which the Cows will slop up like Hogs and by this means they give very much milk In the Summer time they mow the great Clover-grasse and give it them in racks so that their Cattel are not troubled with the pinching frosts nor rains nor

their fawning-time and how long they are with fawne Red herrings Whether any made in Ireland where what store Reeds What sorts of them in Ireland and where what use made of them Rhubarb Where it groweth in what quantitie Rie In what parts of Ireland most sown on what grounds how much to an Acre and what increase Ring-doves Rivers Rinnet Particular description of all rivers in each Province and Countie where they rise where they fall into the sea or other rivers through what Locks they passe what sorts of fish is in them what fishing and at what times a year how far they ebb and flow Ships of what burden may come into them and how far how far they are portable at all what towns of note great hils woods great bogs they passe close by how long how deep and broad where at the broadest and deepest what time a year they use to swell most what weres and falls are in them and where-abouts Roads What roads of note upon any parts of the coasts how neer to the shore ships may come to an Anchor there in how much water and for what winds lay Landlockt Robin-red-brests Roches Where any are what store when in season Rooks. Where any are what store whether any eat them of their nature and properties wherein they differ from Crows Rot of sheep Roses Rushes The severall sorts of them and to what uses they are put Russetings Whether any grow in Ireland in whose gardens when brought in S Saffron Whether any groweth in Ireland where what store Salmons Salmon-fishing Where any are taken what quantities in what times of the year Salmon-salting The Manner of them what Salt best Sallows Salt Whether any made or refined in any part of Ireland and the whole manner of doing it Salt-peter Whether any made in Ireland where what store the whole manner on 't Sampier Where any groweth and what store Sand. Whether there be any sandy places in the land altogether barren where of what extent and what kinde of sand Savin Whether any groweth in Ireland where what store to what height Sea aire What hath been observed in the severall parts of the coasts Concerning the sea-aire what good or hurt it doth to men beasts trees Corne and grounds Sea-coales See coales Seales Where any are what store how taken of their nature and properties Service-trees Whether any grow in Ireland and bear ripe fruit and where Shad. Whether any be taken upon the coasts of Ireland what quantities where and what season their shape and nature Sheepe Sham-rocks What grounds best for them how to be ordered according to the several seasons of the yeare how to be provided for in Winter during frost and snow What diseases incident to them and the ways to prevent and cure them things to be observed in the rearing of flocks Names of all the great Sheepe-matters that were throughout the kingdome at the breaking out of the Rebellion what flocks they had and what profits they yielded them yearely Sheldrakes Where any be what numbers when in season their shape bignesse Colour nature dyet Shel-fish What several sorts of them the Irish sea affordeth and in what parts in most abundance When every sort in season and where best Shelves upon the coasts Where any lay and what observable things can be said about them Shrimps Where any are taken what bignesse what store what seasons Silk-wormes Where and by whom any have been kept what store what quantities of silk they made Silver Silver-mines Skirrets Where any store in whose Gardens since when who brought them first into Ireland Slate Where any quarries of them are how deep it lyeth what kinde of slate it is for colour brittlenesse c. what charges Black-slate Where digged what store the vertues of it how found out first when and by whom Smelts Whether any be taken in the Irish-sea where what store what seasons Snailes Whether ever any such abundance of them any where as to do any great harme to gardens or fields and what wayes are used to destroy them Snites Where any be what store what seasons their nature and properties Snow In which parts most snow useth to fall which is the longest that it continueth upon the Mountaines in any part of Ireland Soales Where any taken what store when in season Soape Whether any made in Ireland where what quantitie the whole manner of making it Sows See Swine Soile The different kinds of soiles in Ireland what use every kinde is best for the excellencies of every kinde as also the defects and how to be remedied Black sows a kind of vermin Spaes Where any in Ireland of what nature and propertie when and by whom found out Spanniels What different kinds of them in Ireland with the properties and excellencies of each kind Sparagus In whose Gardens any grow what store and since when Sparrows The different kinds of them in Ireland with the peculiar properties of each kind Sparrow-hawks Where any breed what store how to be taken and ordered their nature and properties Sponges Whether any grow upon the coasts of Ireland where what store of what goodnesse Springs Description of all springs in the severall parts of the Land that have any thing rare or observable in them Sprats Whether any taken in Ireland where what store what seasons Squirrels Where any be what store their nature properties diet breeding how a dozen of their skins useth to be sold at first hand Stags Starch Whether any be made in Ireland where what store Sares. Where any great numbers of them Their nature properties dyet Steele Where any made what store in what manner Storks Whether ever any have been seen in Ireland when and where Stronds The different kinds of them where high where flat where rockie where faire and sandy where none at all so as the sea is very deep close by the Land Sturgeon Whether ever any seen in the Irish-seas when and where Straw The different uses made of straw for dung thatch c Swallows Strawberries In what parts they grow of themselves in any plenty Swans Where any numbers of tame ones have been kept Where any store of wild ones their season nature and properties Swine The whole manner of ordering herds of swine and what profits to be made of them Diseases incident to swine the causes preventions and cures of them Swords Where any made and where the best Sycomores Whether any grow of themselves any where T. Talbots Where any are taken of what bignesse and goodnesse in what seasons Tallow What store every year useth to be made and transported at Dublin and other ports Tanneries Where any great ones when and by whom erected Teales Where any great store of them when in season Thunder Thornbacks Where any store taken when in season observations of their nature and properties Thrushes In what parts to be had in any store when in season their nature and properties Thrushels Where to be had what store when in season