slit the bark on each side a little distance from the bud and about half Inch above and below the same sharp that end below that it may the more easily go down and having a quill cut more than half away about an Inch long at the end for dividing the bud and rind from the stalk therewith take it off dextrously and leave not the Root behind for if you see a hole under the bud on the inside the Root is gone cast it away and prepare another when the bud is ready then with a bone made half round and sharp at the point tapering on the one side raise the bark or rind on each side the slit carefully not hurting the inner rind and with care put in the bud thrusting it down till its top Joyn with the cross cut then bind it close above and below the bud with dry'd Rushes or bass Or You may slit the bark of the stock upwards from the cross cut Or Cut the edges of the bark about the bud oblong squair and the bark of the stock fit to receive the same Or Reserve ¼ of this squair piece bark of the stock untaken off at the upper end which must be raised that the shild may slide up betwixt the same and the stock and so bind gently as before The time for Inoculation is when the sap is most in the stock namely from June till August neer a moneth after unbind i. e. cut through binding and bark with a gentle slit on the back side of the stock leaving the binding to fall away of its own accords at which time you will see who holds In March following cut off the head of the stock 4 Inches above the bud and that time twelve moneths the stub too that it may heal over the wound you may prune as graffes and pull up suckers c. See Chap 4. for more Choise buds from good bearers as before take them from the strong and well growen shoots of the same year and from the biggest end of the same and if you must carry them farr first cut off their leaves and top of the Stalks and wrap them in moist leaves or grass This much at present in general for time and manner of the several wayes of propagation 10. In planting all plants prune their Roots that is Top them a little with a sharp Knife except Asparagus Also cut their heads except Greens and Tops of Forrest-trees ordain'd for Timber yet the Side-boughes must that the head may be proportion'd to the Root Plant no Trees deep albeit some deeper than other when their Roots runs near the surface there they receive the beneficial influence of Sun and Showres that makes vegetables fair and Fruitfull Lay leitter or the like above ground the Compass of their Roots especially the first year of planting and indeed all plants require some shelter shade with Moisture when first planted till they get Rooting and strength Cut the leaves and stalks of flowers and herbes when past flower or yealded seed nor at any tyme suffer too many rather purge them in tyme no more branches flowers fruits on any tree or plant than the root can nourish perfectly Neither plant and sow every year the same plants on the same Ridg or Bed for it Improves them to be changed see more fully planting pruning preserving c. in their respective places following CHAP. II. How to Cultivate and prepare grounds 1. HAving shew'd the several wayes of propagating plants it is also most requisite that you prepare the ground for effectuating the same And that is in the first place To trench it viz. Begin at one end of the ground you mean thus to culture and open a trench from one side to the other thereof 3 or 4 foot broad and from one to two foot deep as the qualitly of the ground admits and plants require therefore liquorish must have deeper this being open measure off other 4 foot parallel at its side turne that into the open trench with the turf or surface in the bottome and the clean earth on the top the filling whereof emptieth an other therefore cut off other fower foot and turne that in as before thus trench by trench till the whole be finshed I presume you carryed the earth of the first trench to fill the last or otherwayes filled hollowes therwith and left the last trench open if convenient for receiving weeds Or if the ground be hollow in the midle begin there and trench both wayes to help the level if high in the midle begin at both sides or ends till the two open trenches meet at the hight for the same reason The latter end of harvest the ground is softest for trenching and it lying all Winter open to the weather is thereby meliorated For as trenching doth well prepare hard barren and untoil'd ground se doth it such as is exhausted by long and unskilfull usage and if at every trenching you apply proper manures mixt with the second spading or under the last shovelling and in 5 years retrench it will become to your wish for all gardens and plantations 2. The next excellent way of preparing ground is fallowing begin as soon as you reap the crop but let the ground be something moist albeit you should stay for a showre if this be not late in Autumne you may fallow in November especially if stiff ground and restirre in March or April when you plant or sow and albeit you should neither plant or sow it that year keep it clean of weeds in summer by hawing c. and at Autumne fallow again but as in trenching so in this work you should mix with proper soil Make use of the English fashion of spades which are now common and let every two delvers have a shoveller to cast up the small that falls in bottom of the furrow and the Delvers should turne up the point of the spade and nimbly break and chop all the clods throughly this is very material as well as the through mixing of the manures with the soil So that mixing stirring restirring fallowing is most pertinent for the cold chilled barren Rugged-natur'd-ground in Scotland all which softens and tenders it and so fits it for nourishing good seed and plants as I can tell by experience therefore 3. I advise our Husband-men also to the fallowing of their land as one flitfolding the same as a second Watering or overflowing land as a thrid burning the Turf as a fourth draining excessive moisture as a fifth applying proper soils and manures and that at proper seasons as a sixt laying the land to rest as a seventh and above all inclosing and planting about their land as the last and best improvement Example At the Autumnal fallowing delve or Plow deep and apply hot unrotted and uncompound dungs and manures at spring re-plow or re-delve and apply such dungs and manures as has layn mixed and rotted with Earth then Mix Rake or Harrow The summer following is to destroy the weeds
and Pathes be both of a breadth viz. 6 foot box the Bordures and plant them with Flowers lay the pathes as well as the walkes with Gravel plant the Walls with Fruit and Flower-bearing Trees variously Outter Courts hath only one Bordure at the Wall planted with Laurels and other Greens one Pathed or Brick-walk in the midle leading to the midle of the House-front with along Grass plot on each hand 2. The Bordures of your Kitchen-Garden round by the walkes may be boxed with Thyme Lavendar Hysop Rue c. the next with Parsly Strawberries Violets July-flowers c. Cherrie-gardens and Physick-gardens with Sweet-brier often cut or Box cut three times Per annum as April June August minding to cut their Roots at the inside every second year that they exhaust no the strength or nourishment of the Flowers or Herbes But that which I preferre for Flower-Gardens above all is Dwarff-Juniper raised from the seed and Planted thus When the ground is levelled measure out the Bordures but raise them not above the walkes except you minde to lay gravel streatch a line and with the edge of the Rule mark alongst thereby and therein set the young sets of Box or the young Plants of Juniper at 2 years grouth then prepare the Bordures by delving in consum'd dung of Cowes and Sheep covering on a little lime topt with a little sand to ly all summer kept clean from by hawing At the beginning of winter delve and mix together to ly all winter un-Raked and at the Spring redelve stirr and mix it throughly and train and plant your Flowers and other Plants in their seasons See Part 2. Chap 7. 3. In making the walkes in any Gardens first level up the Bordures at its sides secondly drive a Row of Stakes in the midle of the walke and level them accordingly i. e. streatch line cross the walke betwixt the two level Bordures and marke where it hits the Stake in the midle of the walke do this at both ends and viewing betwixt will levell the rest see the next Chap of levelling But you may mind that the walk must rise a little in the midle and yet the midle of the walke and top of the Boxing of the Bordure must be level i.e. The Boxings so much above the side of the walk as the midle of the walke is above its sides Where your Boxing is timber or Stone fill up the bordure of Earth to the top thereof but where your Boxing is of box-juniper or the like the Earth within the bordure and edg of the walks and pathes without must be equal As for the rise or swell that walkes has which makes them Segmenta Circuli grass or brick walkes may have for 30 foot broad 6 Inches rise for 20 foot 4 Inches 10 foot 2 Inches and let gravel have an Inch more proportionally and it agrees with the rule of proport in Arithmetick as 20 is to 4 so is 30 to 6. If gravell or brick walkes or pathes ly by the side of grass make the grass half Inche higher than such If the walke be Grass make 2 foot Tables or pathes of gravel betwixt it and the Bordure 4. To lay grass first level the ground whither walke or plot and it s the better to ly a year so made up before you lay the turff because it may be levelled up again if it sink unto holes If it ly wet bottome with Stones and Rubish and if the Earth be fat take it out and put in sand however lay a foot thick sand immediatly under the Truff then by the squair streatch lines Ritt with the Ritting Iron which is an half round put into the end of a crooked stick raise the Turff with the Turff-Spade which is broad mouthed otherwise all one with the Husbandmens breast-Turffing-spade let the Turff be of equal thickness near Inch and half thick a foot and half broad and as much in length lay their green sides together when you put them in the cart but do not Roll them when brought home lay them all even and closs Feeling each particular Turff with your foot so as you may discern any Inequallity to be helped Immediatly in laying still beating every two three rowes of turff while moist with the Timber beatters and when the the whole is layed and well beat Roll well with the Stone-Roller which should be as big as a hogsehead The Spring and Autumne is the best time And if you mind to keep a good pile of Grass suffer it never to grow Inch long beat mow and Roll often especially in the mornings and moist weather 5 But if you would lay the hard tile or brick walkes prepare as for Grass minding it wants the breadth of the brick of the true hight for you must set them all on their edg closs by other on a bed of lime laying the side each other Row crossing the ends of the other and place one in the midle of the walkes that both sides may be Regular 6. To lay gravel cleanse first the bottomes of the walkes of fat Earth and Root weeds and bottom it with Stones and lay over that about half a foot of clean round gravel and about three Inches top gravel of equal greatness which may be like beans and pease you must make it thus equal by sifting and so Rake Tred and beat and when compleatly levelled bea rt well with the Timber beaters while moist then Roll soundly with the Timber-Roller and afterwards with the Stone-Roller especially in Rain for which the spring and Autumn is best but if dry weather you must dash water one the Roller continually in Rolling with the watering pott and if you ar forced to use Sea or water sand you may beat some good clay to dust and mix with such before you lay it weed and Roll frequently 7. For the orderly planting of flowers there may be three wayes as first in the Bordures of pleasure Gardens or Courts plant 5 rowes in the bordure and Intermixe them orderly i. e. divide and plant every sundry sort through the whole Garden at equal distances and not only so but every sundry colour thereof also let never two of a kind nor two of a colour stand together without other kinds and colours Interveening so as there may not be two three of a kind or Colour at one end Bordure Plot or Place and non thereof through the rest but universally and ornamentally Intermixt and when you find a breach by some being past the flower you may have various Annual Flowers sowen in potts ready to plunge into the vacancies of the Bordures for continuing this beauty Secondly in my sort of flower Gardens which is Bordures and pathes running all one way viz from the House Plant 5 rowes and intermix them not as in the last way but set 5 rowes of each kind cross the Bordure so as 25 of each sort may stand in a Geometrical squair As if you set a squair of Tulips a squair of
Frost Sun and Showres doth crumble and fall tender hence ought such to be prepared by fallowing See more particularly the manner and season for each sort in their respective Chapters following 4. Suckers ar these which growes Runs Springs off or about the mother-Plant whereof is made off setts by severing or parting them off therefrom Take off these on Trees and shrubs with a violent but cleanly pull be carefull of bulbo roots and Anemonies that you wound not the mother-Plant To force such as are unapt to put forth Suckers naturally you may bair the Root of these of a woody substance cut it into the pith slit it down a little and put in a stick to keep the gap open level in the earth again so shall that lip raised spring and so much the better if there was an eye immediatly below the cut When the branches are grown cut off this Plant to live by it self Another way is to cut the Root through a little distance from the Tree with a cleanly slop down-wards and raise up the butt-end of the Root so cut off till it be a little above the surface as for Root graffing hereafter discribed level in and trade the Earth again so shall the piece left at the Tree send furth young Roots and the Root so cut and raised send out a Top. Better Earth for Bulbs and other Roots will assist them to put forth Suckers Cutting the Tops of Fibrous Rooted-herbes in growing-time will help them to off sets and to last long too The season for severing off sets of Hardie-trees that lose the leaf is latter end October and beginning November albeit you may also any time till March weather open Young Tender-trees with Hardie-greens let the winter frost be over and before the sap rise April best for greens Bulbo and Tuberous Roots when they have done springing i. e. their stalkes and leaves beginning to wither All Fibrous Rooted-herbes when springing and before they run up to Flower albeit you may Plant many after the Flower is past Stalkes end leaves cut and they springing a Fresh But the first spring is best If drought Water Shrubs and Fibrous Rooted Plants upon their first Planting at least shade from the Ensuing scorchings by covering the surface with some vegitable or leitter and Water through the same if needful And though you must Water Tubro and Bulbo Roots in drought once in two three dayes yet be sparing and defend them from too much Raines 5. To propagate by cuttings is to cut off the branch or stem of a Plant and to set it in the Earth without Roots Strip it of leaves and branches Plant deeper than these with Roots and in a rich and moist soil keeping it watered and shaded Untill Rooted cut off their Tops save Greens as if your cutting be 12 Inches long let 9 be under and 3 above ground The better to effect their Rooting if a hard substance as Yew Quince c. Twist there ends a little or cleave them a piece If tender Plants of great Pith as Jasmines July-flowers c. Cut only at a joynt or knot and plant them If large stems of Pithy Trees as Poplars c. Sharp their ends down to a point reserving the bark whole on one side If stock July-flowers slit the Bark near the end in several parts round the Stem fold up the Bark so cut and taking the peel'd part close off Plant the same with this Bark spread as you do a Root The time of planting cuttings is if Trees Shrubs a little before they Spring and if Herbes when springing as above for off-sets and let the Stems of july-July-flowers and wall-Wall-flowers be well shot i. e. something firme and take such as has not had a Flower 6. To increase by laying is to bend down some branch to the ground and with a hooked stick thrust into the ground stay the same in its place and cover with earth of deepness as you see fit let the soil be good watered and shaded in drought and from scorching Sun sheltered in Winter if needfull To force their Rooting if july-July-flowers Prune off the under and withered leaves and cut it at a joynt into the pith i. e. half way through and slit it up to the next joynt thrust down the cut part Gently into the ground making it fast cover as before If Trees and Shrubs prick the rind full of holes at the place interred or cut away the Bark round at the same place but if the branch be small use it as July-flowers and if any refuse ty them hard and fast above the slit with a piece Pack-threed or Wyre to stop the sap in its course that it may provide for Rooting Cut off all their Tops as you lay them except Greens and some very Pithy Trees The time for laying all Trees and Shrubs that lose the leaf is October as also March if secured from drought All Greens in April which therefore must be shaded July flowers in March April or July The Trees and Sherubs will be Rooted that time twelve moneths at which time transplant them the July flower layed in March may be transplanted in July or if layed in July transplanted next March or April 7. Ciruomposition is in all cases as laying save only that the earth must be raised up to the branch because it will not bend down to it Therefore fasten a Pot Basket old Hatt or the like on the Tree by a stake or some supporter let it have a hole in its bottome through which you must put the branch to be propagated and then fill the Pot with rich earth having ordered the branch as before to cause it Root and Water it often willow earth or Rotten willow sticks at the bottom of the Pot helps to retain the moistuer I have effected this with clay and Cowes dung well mixt after part of the Bark has been taken off round clapt about with a double or triple swadling of Straw or Hay Roaps This is a midsummer as well as Spring-work and very notable for to propagate such as can scarcely be otherwayes obtain'd 8. Graffing is to take a cyon or twig of atree and place into another call'd the stock fit to receite the same that the inward Bark or rind of Both may Joyn saps unite c. Whereof there be several wayes as First of Graffing in the clift saw off the head of the stock in a smooth place about half a foot above ground for Dwarffs and Wall-trees as also for Standard Aple and Pear for they will shoot up for a body but betwixt 3 and 4 foot for Standard-cherrie and Plum Pare smooth its head Ragled by the sow then cleave it a little beside the pith and with your Pen-knife cut away any jags roughness or blackness that remaines after cleaving on each side the clift within then prepare the graff by cutting on both sides from some knot or bud in forme of a wedg suitable to the clift with little shoulderings
keeping their tops free and in Aprile delve down the same and extirpate them of Suckers sliping them off carefully leaving 2 or 3 at most to each stock forbearing And they will flourish near 9 or 10 years Great beans must be planted early in the Spring as soon as the great frosts or over in deep rich ground 2 foot Intervall and half a foot in their rows these for seed when full ripe cut and bind in little sheaves and lay on Trees to dry Kidnes in Aprile a light and warme soil support them with sticks Peas that you would have early sow in the full moon of Novem if a warme place but do not trust too much unto them Sow in Feb. and hence monthly til Iune that you may have them till the frosts surprize in an open light warme dry soil and if they ly on the bair ground they will sooner ripe by reflection but if you would have them fruitful set sticks amongst them while young for their tenderals to climb on and keep them allwayes clean of weeds when ripe you may easily win some for seed and sow not every year on the same plot to change the ground Improves them I preferre the setting them by lines 5 rowes in the bed as part 1. Chap 5. Sect 2. make the holes nimbly by the lines with a dible 1 ½ Inch deep and 2 Inches distance from another or the same hand fallowing and put one in each hole then give the bed a smooth with the rake head which fills the holes and covers the peas one pound makes move service thus than 3 otherwayes it s soon performed and they spring orderly 2. Of Sallads and pot-herbes the choicest sallad is Asparagus sow its seed in March good ground and that time rewely moneths transplant into an exceeding rich and well mixed ground of Rotted dung and light Earth you may streatch lines alongst and cross the beds and mark with the edg of the rule then gather little huts of Earth at the crossings whereon you must spread the Roots of your Asparagus two or three on a hut but do not top their Roots you may perceive their poynts are like the runners of liquorish then cover the sets with the Rotted dung and Earth 2 Inches over which has been lying a year incompose They cannot abide wet grounds and weeds will quyt destroy them at the Approach of winter cut their stalks and cover their beds with leitter and dung from the stables The winter Raines will wash in its substance to their Roots at Spring e're they peep remove it and loosen the Earth amongst them with a fork and cover them near half Inch with the mould Raked and evened but do not tread on them Follow this direction yearly and in 4 or 5 years it will be excellent for cutting out the biggest and tenderest and a little within the ground but hurt not them ready to peep the seed is ripe when red You may have early Asparagus if you plant some strong Roots on your early hotbed which about a moneth hence will Spring and then dy Purslain may be sowen on the early hotbed it cannot endure deep Interring sow on a fine mould like dust and only clap it a little with the shovell hence on the cold bed but fat and fine soil through the summer in drills for convenience of weeding and cutting and if you please transplant it when 2 Inches long reserve the early sowen for seed till their pods grow blackish then pull and hang to dry and Rub out As purslain so lettice by seeds only at the same seasons but the winter with corn sallad in August they love a fat soil something moist that for winter more dry Suffer these for seed to run up and only cleanse of under and withered leaves It 's ripe when it begins to fly with the wind pull it and lay on a clothe to perfect and Rub out in a dry day Sow cresses at the same times And plant Tarragon by off-sets in the Spring The small cherault by seed as cresses As also Burnet but it continues many years still yielding seed Sampler growes at seaside in Gallaway not so well in out gardens Succory and Endive by seeds and offers at both springs they continue many years Sorrall by offsets some by seeds also in beginning of Aprile a good fat soil a little shade 6 or 7 rowes in the bed weeded all summer and cut near the ground in Septemb In 2 or 3 years replant into another place for they soon Impair the ground of that part appropriate for them Spinage by seed only in Feb and March but that sowen beginning August is most profitable cut it beginning Oct and it will Spring a fresh And be ready for Spring stoves then reserve some uncut for seed it prospers well in a very fat Earth Not too dry And so doth beets who are also propagate the same way only them sowen at Spring are most serviceable Sow beet card in the fattest and when something strong you may transplant they seed the next not that year wherein you sow them Order burrage as spinage it s also Annuall So bugloss but it continues many years Marigold may be ordered as burrage and white Arage as Spinage Parsly by seeds in Feb and March they bring furth their seeds next year whereby they must be yearly renewed Sellery in a light fat soil 8 rowes in the bed as parsly it continues long yearly yielding seed after the first so doth smalladg Alexander They may be blanched as succory and Endive viz. sellery wowen at spring Transplante at midsummer in a very fat and fine earth half foot deep furrowes 3 foot between the rowes and but 3 Inches in the rowes and as it growes up gather the earth at its sides from the Intervalls leaving the top free and still as it growes earth it up so shall it be blanched for a winter sallad Garleeks and shallot by offsets in March a light and fat soil 8 rowes in the bed I use neither cutting nor twisting their stakes but when their fibres begin to Rott latter end August take them up and spread to dry a little and house them in a dry room with board floor for use Leeks by seed in April a fat soil though something stiff In June you may thin them by Transplantation prun their Roots and tops set them at three Inches distance and continue to crop them till Octob the french seed is best ours not worth the while Onyons by seeds in March a Rich Warme light mould well mixt with Rotted compost and sifted pigeons dung give them a thin coat or covering of earth Sow also beginning July for Shibols it s not worth the pains to win their feed Plant offsets of sives in spring 9 rowes in the bed in a rich and low ground Cole Flower is a fine cole sow on the early hot bed for its hard to get winter plants through to purpose sow thin and ebb and carefully
part of Gard'nery The learned Evelin takes notice of it his directions are weed and haw betimes continue weeding before they run to seed which is of extraordinary Importance both for saving of charge Improvement of fruit and the neat maintaining of the gardens wherefore sayes he keep your weeds doun that they grow not to seed and begin your work of hawing as soon as they begin allmost to peep by this means you will dispatch more in a few houres than afterwards in a whole day whereas if you neglect it till they are ready to seed you do but stir and repair the Earth for a more numerous crop and your ground shall never be cleared And this agrees with what I had written my self viz destroy weeds while young for when they have growen strong and got deep Rooting they 'le not only take the nurishment from the good plant but there will be such difficulty in grubing them out that the good seed or plant is in danger of being destroyed but if you suffer them to bear and sow their seeds then besides that they exhaust much more of the substance of the ground you shall find the work Intollerable for they 'le poison the whole ground insomuch that one years seeds will cost many years weeding and therefore prevent these things by keeping doun the weeds so shall your work become easie and gardens handsome In beds where hawes cannot go you must weed with your hands on both sides sitting in the furrow on a straw cushion pull up the Root cleanly taking the help of the weeding Iron where needful but make use of the haw in all the Intervalls drill-beds nurseries furrowes tables or pathes whereby one will cleanse more than some six by weeding with their hands and if dry weather they 'le wither where they ly cut otherwayes Rake them in heaps and spread again when Rotted or carry them to some open trench or pit and still be visiting your plantations that as soon as you perceive a weed peep you may chalk it CHAP. VII Of some Physick herbes shrubs and Flowers 1. ALL the herbes in the last chapter are physical and having spoken to them already I have the less to do here however there is more as Garden-Rue I use to environe sage beds with Rue the soil not moist mixt with ashes not cinders you may box bordures with it as well as lavender or hysop which last is also Increased by seed and so is golden Rod feverfew verven celandin they last many years and so doth Wormwoods comfry Solomons seal Catmint Callamint Elacampan Masterwort wall pellitory garden Germander Beatony Camomile Swallowort Suthernwood Lovag Dwarf-elder harts-tongue Maiden-hair Asrum Dropwort Birthwort Horhund Spignell Agrimony Briony Bearsbreach Sea-holly Madder Rhuebarb Dogmercury all which are easily Increased by offsets in the Spring and requires to be cut a little above ground at the beginning of Autumne Angelica Spurg scurvy grass c. Are Annualls but yield seed the second year from sowing you may sow when ripe or in the Spring but if you prevent their seeding by cutting they will last longer Blessed thissell Thorn Aple Tobaco stinking Arag oak of Jerusalem c. Yielding seed and dying the first year therefore sow yearly in Aprile The Virginia Tobaco requites the hotbed the rest a good fat light soil as doth Angelica you must not burie stinking Arag deep sow it as purslain There be many more besides multitudes in the fields Woods Glens Meadowes c. Of good use many whereof you may bring into the garden as I have done I forbear seeing the order is in part 1. Chap. 5. and the wayes of propagation in the first of this and how to order the ground in the second I do not approve of planting the clod with them brought out of the fields for it rotts and turns sour and so kills the plant albeit you may keep the clod about it till you come home but then part it off carefully prun their fibres a little make the holes with the Trowall and plant in a Connatural Earth to that of their wonted abode well stirred and aired which is ane excellent mean that makes all plants prosper and therefore diligently to be observed 2. Of Shrubs that lose their leaves in Winter the choicest whereof are Roses of many sorts they are increased by Suckers and layers the musk may be buded on the Eglantin and set at a Wall the double Yellow bears fairest Flowers if you bud the single Yellow on a Frankfort and rebud the double Yellow thereon I have done it immediatly on the single planted as a Standard a little shaded in Summer and kept clean of Suckers and superfluous buds and any that blow hot freely may be slit at the 5 divisions of the hose Prune your Roses after the Flower is past viz. before the full Moon in October cut behind a leaf-bud and cleanse them of dead wood and if you desire fair Flowers sufter but one Stem on a Root and keep it low and every 5th year cut them down to the ground renewing their earth with old Cow dung Jasmines Honisuckles Pipe-trees c. by suckers layers and cuttings See Chap. 1. Mezerion by seed as Hawthorn they ly as long Of Shrubs that be ever green there is Box Savin Arbor vitae Tamerisk Privite c. by suckers layers and cuttings in Aprile a shade and moist fat soil till Rooted The Cherrie-bay is an excellent Green and not very Apt to blast there is also Laurustinus Philyrea Alaternus I love not Pyracantha Juniper I care not for ever green Oak and Cypress all by seeds which must be couched in Sand before Winter and sowen in Aprile to rise that season except the Juniper which lyes till the next transplant the second year after they rise in Aprile remove by a Trowal with Earth at their Roots toping such Roots as appears without the clod and lessen the head by thinning it See where I have spoken of Holly for the same Rules may be observed for these to be spread on Walls but save the top of Standards they do all well by suckers and layers also except Cypress and Juniper Be carefull to defend your seedling Greens while young from spring blastings yet do not choak them for want of good Air. The Pin Cypress and ever-green Oak the last in special will scarce endure a removal from seminary therefore sow them in drills 2 foot intervall one way and half a foot the other and the next year after they rise make a spade-bit trench between the rowes and work in cautiously till you discover the running down Root at one side which you must top with the pruning Knite and level in the Earth as it was cut off some side-boughes and thin the head let them remain two years then remove and plant them as is instructed Greens that are best worthy our esteem are Scots firr Standard Holly for Hedges the Cherrie-bay for Walls or barren creeping jvy which will neither blast
as a compleat Garden can afford in their seasons Published for the Climate of SCOTLAND By JOHN REID Gard'ner EDINBVRGH Printed by DAVID LINDSAY at the foot of Heriot's-Bridge 1683. READER AS in this little Kalendar thou will find when so in my Book Intituled the Scots-Gard'ner thou will find how to performe the particulars The Gard'ners year is a circle as their labour never at an end Nevertheless their terme is NOVEMBER COntrive or forecast where and what you are to sow and plant Trench and fallow all your vacant grounds Prepare and mix soils and composts throughly miss not high-way Earth cleansings of streets make compositions of dungs soils and lyme Lay bair Roots of Trees that need and dung such as require it Plant all fruit Trees Forrest-trees and shrubs that lose the leaf also prune such Plant cabbage Sow hasties for early peas in warme grounds but trust not to them Gather the seeds of holly yew ash c. Ordering them as in Chap 3. furnish your nurseries with stocks Shelter tender evergreen seedlings House your Cabbag Carrots Turneeps and any time e're hard frosts your Skirrets Potatoes Parsneeps c. Cover Asparagus Artichocks as in the last moneth Sow bairs-ears plant Tulips c. Shut the conservatory Preserve your Choicest Flowers Sweep and cleanse the walks of leaves c. Stop your bees close so that you leave breathing vents Garden Dishes and Drinks in Season are Cabbage Coleflower Onions Leeks Shallot c. Blanched Sellery Succory Pickled Asparagus Purslain c. Fresh Parsneeps Skirrets potatoes Carrots Turneeps Beet-rave Scorzonera parsly and fennell Roots Aples Pears c. Cyder Perry wine of Cherries Rasps Currans Goosberries Liquorish Hony c. DECEMB TRench and prepare grounds Gather together composts plant Trees in nuseries and sow their seeds that can Endure it Gather Firr seed holly berries c. Take up liquorish Continue your care in preserving choice Carnations Anemonies and Ranunculuses from Raines and frosts And keep the green-house close against the piercing colds Turne and refresh your fruit in a clear and serene day Sharpen and mend tools Gather oziers and hassell Rods and make baskets in stormy weather Cover your water pipes with leitter lest the frosts do crak them feed weak bees Garden Dishes and Drinks in season Colworts Leeks c. Housed Cabbage Onions shallot Several dryed sweet herbes Housed Parsneeps Turneeps Skirrets Carrots Potatoes Beat-rave Scorzonera parsly Fennel Roots Pickled Cucumbers Barberries Artichocks Asparagus Purslain c. Housed Aples Pears Conserved Cherries Plumes Peaches Apricocks c. Wine of Aples Pears Cherries Liquorish Hony c. JANUARY PRepare the ground soils and manures Fell trees for mechanical uses Prune Firrs plant Hawthorn Hedges and all Trees and Shrubs that lose the leaf weather open Also prune the more hardy and old planted Dung the Roots of Trees that need draining excessive moisture gather Graffs e're they sprout and near the end Graff begin with the Stone Fruits Gather Holly-berries Firr husks c. Secure choice plants as yet from cold and wet and earth up such as the frosts uncovered Feed weak bees also you may remove them Garden Dishes and Drinks in season Coleworts Leeks c. Dry sweet Herbes Housed Cabbage Onions Shallot Parsneeps Skirrets Potatoes Carrots Turneeps Beat-rave Scorzonera Parsly and Fennel Roots in broth Pickled Artichocks Beet-raves c. Housed Aples Pears and other conserved Fruits With Cyder and other Wines as before FEBRUARY PLant any Trees or Shrubs that lose the leaf also lay and circumpose such for increass see June Likewayes sow all your Seeds Kyes Kirnells Nuts Stones also the seeds of several Greens as Holly Yew Philyrea Laurells c. Prune Firrs c. Continue to destroy Vermine Graffing is now in season see the last moneth Prune all Trees and Shrubs except tender Greens Nail and dress them at the wall Cover the Roots of Trees layed bair the fore-end of Winter if any be Plant Hawthorn Hedges Willows c. Plant Liquorish Potatoes Peas Beans Cabbage Sow Parsly Beets Spinage Marygold and other hardy Pot-herbes Let carnations and such sheltered Flowers get Air in mild weather But keep close the Green-house Now you may remove bees and feed weak stocks Garden Dishes and drinks in season Cole Leiks sweet Herbes Onions Shallot housed Cabbage Skirrets Turneeps Parsneeps Potatoes Beat-rave Scorzonera Carrots besides Parsly and Fennell Roots Pickled Beat-ravo Artichock Cucum Housed Aples Pears and other conserved Fruits with Cyder and other Wines and drinks as above MARCH REdelve mix and Rake your ground for Immediat use Delve about the Roots of all your Trees Yet plant Trees and rather greens Also prun such except the Rosinious Propagate by laying circumposition and especially by cuttings Sow the seeds of most Trees and hardy greens Cover these Trees whose Roots lay bair and delve doun the dungs that lay about your young Trees all winter covering on leitter again topt with Earth to prevent drought in summer this is a material observation and more especially for such as are late planted Slit the bark of ill thriving Trees Fell such as grow croked in the nurserie Graffing is yet in season but too late for stone fruit cut off the heads of them Inoculated Set peas beans Cabbage Asparagus Liquorish Sow parsly beets Endive Succory Bugloss Burrage Sellery Fennell Marigold Plant shollot garleeks Potatoes Skirrets Sow Onions Lettice Cresses Parsneep Beet-rave Radish c And on the hotbed coleflour and if you please cucumber c. Slip and set physick herbes July-flowers and other fibrous Rooted flowers Be carefull of the tender the peircing colds are now on foot Turne your fruit in the Room but open not yet the windows Catch Moles Mice Snails Worms destroy frogs spawn c. Half open passages for bees they begin to fit keep them close night and moring yet you may remove them Garden Dishes and Drinks in season Both green and housed herbes and Roots also Pickled Housed and conserved fruits with their wines as in the former months APRILE PLant Holly Hedges and Hawthorn too if not too foreward Ply and sheer Hedges Nail and prun Wall-trees c. Sow and plant firrs and other greens Slip and set sage Rosemary thym Rue Savory and all fibrous Rooted herbes and Flowers uncover and dress strawberries Plant Artichocks slip them and delve their plottes Set Cabbage Beans Peas Kidnees sow Asparagus Parsly Beets and Beet-card Set Garleeks Shallot Potatoes Skirrets Sorral sow Onions Leeks Lettice Cresses Radish Orach Scorzonera Carvy Fennel c. And on the hotbed Cucumbers Coleflowers Purslain sweet Marjorum Basill Summer Savory Tobaco c. Set Strawberries Violets July-flowers c. Also sow the seeds of july flowers c. Sow all your Annuall flowers and Rare plants some requiring the hotbed Destroy Moles Mice Worms Snails Lay Beat and Roll gravel and grass Fall to your mowing and weeding Open the Doors off your bee-hives now they hatch Garden Dishes and Drinks in season Onions Leeks Colworts Beets Parsly
THE SCOTS GARD'NER IN TWO PARTS The First of Contriving and Planting GARDENS ORCHARDS AVENUES GROVES With new and profitable wayes of Levelling and how to Measure and Divide Land The Second of the Propagation Improvement of FORREST and FRUIT-TREES KITCHEN-HEARBES ROOTS and FRUITS With some Physick Hearbs Shrubs and Flowers Appendix shewing how to use the Fruits of the Garden Whereunto is annexed The GARD'NERS KALENDAR Published for the Climate of SCOTLAND By JOHN REID Gard'ner Edinburgh Printed by DAVID LINDSAY Partners at the foot of Heriot's Bridge 16â—â— To all the Ingenious PLANTERS In SCOTLAND I Desire you to peruse this Book for there are many things in it of singular use which I could never find in any and the substance of what I could find material in the Practical part of Gard'nery improven and applyed home whereby I presume it may be Satisfactory to you when you operate in the choise of Husbandry Several weighty reasons induced me hereunto as the great necessity of right contrivance whereby you may do your works both orderly and cheap The in-expressible need of Inclosing and Planting whereby you may improve your estates to best advantage both in Profite and Pleasure And because the many Books on Gard'nery are for other Countries and Climates and many things in the more speculative than practical this ensuing treatise may the rather be acceptable albeit obnoxious to the undoubted censure of Criticks yet when I reflect on my Innocency in the design therein the good of my Country I receive Encouragment And that my Endeavours may prove Succesful is the earnest desire of JOHN REID THE CONTENTS Of the First Part which treats of Contrivance CHAP. I. How to make the Works about a House Regular Sect. 1. THe Introduction Sect. 2. The Model of a House Sect. 3. The Foundation of Contriving Sect. 4. To find the Central Line Sect. 5. Example by a draught how to place the Works Sect. 6. How to do where confined or limited CHAP. II. How to draw by the Scale Sect. 1. The use of the Scale Sect. 2. The same described Sect. 3. How to take Measures from the Scales Sect. 4 How to proportion the Scale to any draughts Sect. 5. To know what Scale any draught was drawn by Sect. 6. How to diminish or enlarge draughts Sect. 7. How to measure the distances on ground Sect. 8. My methode of surveying Mechanically Sect. 9. Instrumentally vide Trigonometry CHAP. III. How to make Avenues and Walks Sect. 1. Some Generals aneut Walks Sect. 2. How to stake out the Avenue Sect. 3. How to run a Walk through a Wood. Sect. 4. How to do over Hills and great distances Sect. 5. To set off Parallels where obstructions are Sect. 6. Figures for Avenues to end in lead to and past through Sect. 7. The distance of Trees in Walks CHAP. IV. How to Plant Thickets and Orchards Sect. 1. How they should stand by the fence Sect. 2. Of the several Figures that will admit of order Sect. 3. Of the several wayes of planting Sect. 4. The first way squair Sect. 5. The second Rombusoical Sect. 6. The third Triangular Sect. 7. A fourth depending on the first Sect. 8. A fift and notable way Sect. 9. A sixt way observing the Central line Sect. 10. The distance of Trees in Thickets and Orchards CHAP. V. How to make the Kitchen-Garden Sect. 1. The methode and draught Sect. 2. The proportion and order of planting and sowing therein Sect. 3. Of uniformity to be observed Sect. 4. A place for Physich Hearbs Sect. 5. Of Walls and of the distance of dwarff and Wall-trees CHAP. VI. How to make the Pleasure-Garden Sect. 1. What draught I fancy best Sect. 2. Of Boxing for all Gardens Sect. 3. Of the proportion of Walks Sect. 4. To lay Grass Sect. 5. Of brick Walks Sect. 6. To lay Gravel Sect. 7. The orderly wayes of planting flowers Sect. 8. Of Terrase Walks Sect. 9. Of Pondes CHAP. VII How to Level Ground Sect. 1. Of the Horizontal and sloping Level Sect. 2. To proportion the Level to the ground Sect. 3. How to do with bad lying Plots Sect. 4. How to level great lengthes Sect. 5. How to do over obstructions Sect. 6. Of the solidity of earth Sect. 7. An Practise which is the cheapest way Sect. 8. To bring in water in pipes CHAP. VIII How to measure divide and lay out Land c. Sect. 1. Wherewith we should measure Sect. 2. How we should measure exemplifyed Sect. 3. How to part off divide and lay out land Sect. 4. Of the superficies of Solids Sect. 5. Of their solidity Sect. 6. Of Roots and mean proportionals THE CONTENTS Of the Second Part which treats of the Culture of Plants CHAP. I. Of the several wayes of Propagation Sect. 1. THe Introduction Sect. 2. The several wayes are Sect. 3. First by Seeds Sect. 4. Secondly by Off-sets Sect. 5. Thirdly by Cuttings Sect. 6. Fourthly by laying Sect. 7. Fifthly by Circumposition Sect. 8. Sixthly by graffing Sect. 9. Lastly by Inoculation Sect. 10. Of planting pruning c. CHAP. II. How to Cultivate and prepare grounds Sect. 1. Of Trenching Sect. 2. Of fallowing Sect. 3. Several wayes of improving Land Sect. 4. Of the best and worst Soyls and how to 〈◊〉 them Sect. 5. What dungs and manures are proper for the 〈◊〉 Sect. 6. What sorts are proper for the Plants Sect. 7. How to make Hot-beds Sect. 8. Of Watering CHAP. III. How to propagate and order Forrest-trees Sect. 1. How to govern them in Seminary and Nurserie Sect. 2. When their Seeds ripes when to sow in what soyl when they spring c. Sect. 3. How to transplant out Forrest-trees Sect. 4. How to prune them CHAP. IV. Of Hedges or Inclosures Sect. 1. What I esteem best for Hedges Sect. 2. How to plant and keep holly Hedges Sect. 3. How to plant and keep Hawthorn Sect. 4. How to make Ditches Sect. 5. How to have trees round for Shelter Sect. 6. Of fencing the Quicks from Beasts CHAP. V. How to propagate and order Fruit-trees Sect. 1. Observations on graffing c. Sect. 2. What soyl they delight in and how propagated Sect. 3. To raise stocks and govern young Trees in sem and Nurssrie Sect. 4. How to transplant out Fruit-trees Sect. 5. How to prune both the Wall and Standard Sect. 6. To prevent and cure the diseases of all Trees Sect. 7. To destroy vermine c. CHAP. VI. Of Fruits Hearbs and Roots for the Kitchen Sect. 1. Of the Fruits of smaller Plants Sect. 2. Of Sallads and Pot-hearbs Sect. 3. Of sweet Hearbs Sect. 4. Of Roots Sect. 5. Of Weeding in General CHAP. VII Of some Physick Hearbs Shrubs and Flowers Sect. 1. Physick Hearbs distinguished into Perennials and Annuals Sect. 2. Shrubs distinguished into dry and green Sect. 3. Flowers into Fibrous Bulbous and Annuals Sect. 4. How to preserve the tender sorts in Winter APPENDIX How to use the Fruits of the Garden Sect. 1. The manner and season of gathering them
Boarsears a squair of Crocuses a squair of July Flowers a squair of Anemonies and a squair of Couslips and so a squair of Tulips another of Boars Ears c Through that Bordure Intermixing the Colours of each sort then may you make the next Bordure so Intermixt but differing minding that as you Intermix the Bulbous and Fibrous in each Bordure so must they be also in the crossing that the squair of Fibrous in this may oppose the squair of Bulbous in the next and likewayes whatever Bordure such sorts at in on the one side of the walke set the very same in the Bordure equidistant from the walke on the other side that the whole may be Regular and uniformely Intermixt all the year looking from all sides ends or Angles Thridly in nurseries of Beds and Ridges Plant every kind in thickets by themselves and Annualls and perennialls by themselves except only that you Intermix their Coloures that is make a whole Bed or Ridg of each kind 6 Rowes in the Bed the Dwarfish may be 8 Rowes thus every thicket of them Flowering in their own order will have a great shew and at a great distance and here also observe uniformity that is alike on each hand see the last Chap sect 3. For if you have a Ridg or Bed of July-flowers or the like on the one side Plant another thereof at the same place on the other c. And because Flowers must be removed some in one two or three years and the Earth renued or enriched and properly prepared else they degenerate because in long time they exhaust the substance of the ground at least that part appropriate to them therefore you have a good conveniency for effectuating the same by these last two models perscribed for often you will have some Beds or squairs where your Annualls stood to replant your Tulips Anemonies or the like unto and so another sort where these stood and your Annualls again where this last was and because here you remove a whole Bed or squair of a kind at once you may very conveniently prepare Delve Stir Beat sift and mix it throughly with the soyl proper a thing most necessary and this you could not well do where they ar scattred as in the first way See the Rules mentioned Part 2. Chap. 1. Sect. 10. and Chap. 7. As to Terrase walkes if the Brow on which you make them be not too steep the work shall be the more Facile if you build them up with walls be careful to found deep enough according to the level and if the midle of the terrase be on the Central line of the house or of any walke make the Stayr of the upmost and downmost there to part at a plat on the head going down at both sides so much of the stayr case may be within as that the outter edg thereof may be in a line with the Bordure at the wall by this it marrs not the walke the rest may be at the ends Plant the Bordure at the upperside of the walke with wall Trees the under side being but ell high with Laurels c. But if your Terrase consists only of walkes and sloping Banks you may have the Bordure at the head and foot of each Bank on either side the walkes Planted with standard cherries c. and the Banks of Violets Straw-Berries or Grass 9. As for Pondes make them large and broad such being best both for the health of Fish and Fowll Clean and most preferrable water for watering Plants squair Triangle Circle Ovall or what figure sits your ground best let them be 5 or 6 foot of solid water at least with Sluces to let it Run in and out at pleasure I am against Arbust and close walkes except Trees their natural closing where we have both shade and Air. CHAP 7. How to Level Ground I Have often wished that there might be some Rules found whereby this expensive worke might become more easy There be two sorts of levelling viz the Horizontal and Sloping The first is best known but the last more profitable and convenient Example I have made a plot slop 4 foot in 200 long and 18 Inches in 380 foot the other way this was not perspicuous to vulgar eyes yet to have made it Horizontal would have been Ridiculous as to time paines and expences And in levelling the walkes about a plot which sloped naturally to make them correspond with the grownd rownd I behoved to make the midle walk agree with the side ones whereupon it slops 10 foot in 370 long now if I had made this Horizontal it would have been 5 foot or 10 steps lower than the one side walke and as much higher than the other and so worse and more Inconvenient than before both as it is a walke and anent Correspondancy with the rest of the ground within therefore I am for levelling any ground sloping that it may turn a little to the Sun if possible for drawing water that it may correspond with its adjuncts and above all to prevent the more costly way for It s certainly a principal observation in levelling not only to cause the ground of it self serve it self but also to level it as it lyes most conveniently which is the cheap and easie way of levelling When you have a Row of stakes set in a straight line and about 20 foot distance as in the edge of a Bordure or midle of a walke the way of levelling them either Horizontal or sloping is to mark and put a nail in the two Stakes which ar at the extreams or ends thereof and view betwixt cause marke all the Rest which ar betwixt in a level line therewith This is the easiest the exactest and quickest way and in the same methode you may go round any plot and consequently cross every way the same accordingly In that which you would have Horizontal place the long Rule and the level at one end suppose the sole of the Door till the plumb fall right in recovering and view alongst the said Rule as on a fowlling piece that you may see what part of each Stake it hits and cause one with a piece white paper or white hefted knife hold the same at each stake its heft tending out as the nails which carry up the line and direct him by words or signes to hold up or down till it be Just level when they ar all marked measure down so much on each Stake as was raised up for conveniency in viewing there marke put in nailes a little streatch on the line and level up the earth or gravel thereunto And where you would have determin'd slops set on the level and marke the far-end stake in a level line therewith then measure down upon the said Stake or pole from the marked place so much as you designe the slop and put in a naile with white paper about it and at the upperside of the Rule in the stake at the door put in another nail and by viewing
nor seek supporting There is Strawberrie-tree and Tree night-shade who are tender But Indian and Spanish Jasmines Mirtles Oleanders and Oreng-tree yet tenderer wherefore I am not very curious of them yet there is severals in this Countrey has them and are at great pains in governing them by setting them in cases small stones at the bottome filled with Earth mentioned for fine plants Chap 2. Sect. 6. at the season Chap. 1. Sect. 4. Housing in Winter between latter-end September till beginning May giving them fresh Earth as they retire and expose them i. e. takes out the upper exhausted stirring that below with a Fork not wounding the Roots and puts in its place some rich and well consum'd soil watering on all occasions with Water wherein Neats dung is steeped not touching leaves or stem therewith whereof they are sparing while remaining in the House except after long frosts in whose extremity is used a little Charcoal free of smoak sunk a little in the Floor and in warme dayes free of frosts and fogs aquainted with the Air but shut close at night again and when they may expose to the free Air yet even then sets them a week in the shade having first brussed them from dust c. For my part I rather be in the Woods Parks Orchards Kitchen Garden or fields measuring planting and improving the ground to best advantage However I will here take a little turne among the Flowers 3. Of Fibrous Rooted Flowers July-flowers are the best and are increased by offsets layers slips and seeds A light loamy Earth well mixt with rotted soil of Cowes and Sheep a year before hand Albeit I have raised many double by seed of my own reaping yet the surest way to preserve the best is by laying because seedlings are apt to dy after they have born a Flower how to lay see Chap. 1. Sect. 6. Plant out your layers at spring and give these in Potts fresh Earth as the Orenge-tree and yearly cleanse the old Roots of withered dead and Rotten leaves and leave not above 3 or 4 Spindles for Flower if choice and nip off superfluous buds lest they blow and bear themselves to death and if any brust slit as I directed with double Yelow Rose At midsummer shade from afternoons Sun a little these that blow support them against winds set hoofs amongst them for catching erwigs their enemies Water well in drought sparing their leaves preserve the Choice from too much Raines by laying the Pots on their sides strick off the Snow when it lyes too weightie on them these you will not to beat seed cut their stalks as soon as past the Flower Stock July-flowers by seeds or cuttings the seed of single will produce double but the more leaves the Mother hath the doubler shall the product be sow and plant with carnations or July-flowers they affect a soil with them Prim-roses Couslips and bears-ears by offsets in the spring o when the Flower is past viz. July they affect a good natural Earth well mixt with rotten Neats dung the finer sorts loves a little shade in summer if in Pots or cases you may transport them to such at pleasure Great varieties may be raised from seed sowen in Pots the soil aforesaid mixt with willow Earth in October take head of deep interring bairs ears sow them as purslain set the Potts and cases with them at the Southside of a Wall till Aprile at which time they spring and must be now retired a little as is said transplant in July to Flower next spring and neglect not to Earth up such as are apt to work out of ground namely bears ears There is many other as Noble Liverwort Spring Gentianella Virgines-bours c. and ar Increassed by offsets in the spring or by seeds at the same time As also Columbins Holihocks Cransbill Campions and Constantinople Flowers Catch Flyes Pinks and sweet Williams Throat Worts and Bell Flowers c. Or Dasies Violets Spidder Wort double Mash Mary-gold by offsets any time when springing Of Bulbo and Tuberous Roots there is Tulipas of great varieties Increases them by offsets when their stalkes withers which is generally about June July August this is also the season for other bulbo and tuberos Roots keep them in a cool but dry place till Sept or Octob and then plant them in a light sandy earth with fat soil an Inch below the bulb so that the roots may reach it remove every three years and oftener if they affect not the soil they may be raised from seed but its tedious Anemonies the same very way as Tulips except that they require a rich earth mixt with Rotten dung so that it be not Rank Apply this also to Rannuculases of the finest sorts Cyclamin Roots may be carefully parted in July and set in the soil for Tulips Crocuses and Cholcicums as Tulips but requires a mixt rich light soil And so with Irise Bulboses but loves a dry bed and Narcissuses Ornithogulams Jacenths Hesons Aconits Hellibors c. Likewayes Iris Tuberosus Crown Imperial and Lilias of severall sorts Pionies Cynosorches c. Indian Tuberose is tender See Esq Evelin's Kallendar There ar many Annualls may be sowen in pots and plunged in hot bed and some under glass covers especially them sowen in Autumne as Amaranthus Marvel of Peru flos Africanus Convolvulus c. In Aprile you may sow them on the cold bed if good fat warme earth together with double Marygold Cyanus Nigella Delphinus Anterhinum double garden and Corne Popies Fox Gloves Flos Solis Flos Adonis c. But if you would be further satisfied in the varieties of plants consult the Learned and most Ingenious Mr. James Sutherlands Catalogue Phisick Gardner at Edinburgh 4 I spoke before of preserving plants by housing There is some that cannot endure the house who must be set at the South wall the potts sunck three Inches below the surface covered with glass first clothing them with sweet and dry Moss or in prepared boxed beds with folding Glass frames to lift up and down at pleasure because in all seasonable warme blinks of the Sun shoures they may be discovered of all that covers them thus Treat choice Ranunculas Anemonies Amaranthus c. Neglect not to repair their earth as in sect 2 the Oreng Tree Plants standing dry in Winter earthed up or the Earth made firme about them are good means of preservation Neglect not to cleanse all your plants of under and withered leaves superfluous offsets c. See Chap. 1. Sect. 10. and see Part 1. Chap. 6. Sect. 7. For the orderly planting of Flowers And I hope the Reader will excuse for this brevity seeing each Chapter herein would merit a Book neither will leasure permit me at present AN APPENDIX Shewing how to use the Fruits of the Garden 1. THIS necessarly depends upon the 5th and 6th Chapters of Fruits and Herbes eatable Gather Aples and Pears when full ripe especially these for keeping or for Cyder in a dry day
and other herbes Spinage Sorral Scorzonera green Asparagus Lettice and other Sallads Pickled Artichocks Beet-rave Barberries Cucumbers Housed Aples and Pears Conserved Cherries Plumes Peaches Apricocks Goosberries Currans Also the wines of Aples Pears Cherries Liquorish Hony c. MAY. PUll up suckers and haw about the Trees Rub off unnecessary buds Sheer or clip Hedges Prun tender Greens Not the Rosinious bring furth the housed ones refreshing trimming them Plant all sorts of medicinal Herbes Sow all sweet ones which are tender Gather Snails Wormes catch Moles Sow Letice Cresses Purslain Turneep Radish Peas c. Continue weeding and watering Near the end watch the Bees ready to swarm Garden Dishes and drinks in season Coleworts and other Herbes being eaten with contentement is better than a fatted Ox without it sage with Butter Leeks Parsly Thyme Marjorum sorrall Spinage c. Scorzonera Asparagus Letice Purslain and other Sallades and Pot-herbes Pickled Artichocks Barberries Beet-rave Cucumbers housed Aples and Pears for many uses Early Cherries Straw-berries near the end Cyder Metheglin Liquorish Ail c. JUNE CLeanse about the Roots of Trees Suckers and weeds water their Covered Bulks especially the new planted Fell the long small ill-train'd Forrest-trees in the nurserie within half foot of the ground Unbind graffs Prun all Wall and Standard Trees Towards the end you may Inoculat And Increase by circumposition Gather Elm seed and sow Immediatly Transplant Coleslowers Coleworts Beets Leeks Purslain c. In moist weather at least water first the ground if dry Sow Peas Radish Turneep Letice Chervil Cresses c. Destroy Snails Worms c. Begin to lay carnations or July-flowers shade support and prun such as will blow Water pots and thristy plants Weeding and mowing is in season and so is distillation Bees now Swarm look diligently to them Garden Dishes and Drinks in season Cole Beets Parsly Sorrall and other Pot-herbes Purslain Letice and other Sallads Radish Scorzonera Asparagus Green Peas and Artichocks Green Goosberries Ripe cherries Rasps Currans Straw-berries Housed Aples and Pears Cyder Metheglin c. JULY FAllow ground as soon as the crop comes off Prune and purge all Standard-trees Ply Nail Prune and dress your Wal-trees Pull up suckers and weeds Haw and Water where needful Inoculat Fruit-trees Shrubs rare Greens Flower-trees Increase the same by laying Clip your Hedges after Rain Suffer such Herbes and Flowers to run to seed as you would save Cutting the rest a handful from the ground Sow Turneep Radish Lettice Onion Cole-flower Cabbage and Coleworts in the full Moon Near the end sow Beets Spinage c. You may plant Strawberries Violets Camomile Lay July-flowers Plant their seedlings Slip and set Hypaticas Bears-ears Couslips Helibors c. Take up Bulbo and Tuberous ones that are dry in their stalks if you mind to change their places and keep till September but some would be set immediatly Supply voids with potted Annualls Lay Grass and Gravell Make Cherrie and Rasberrie Wine c. Prevent the Bees latter swarmes Kill Drons Wasps c. Garden Dishes and drinks in season Beets and many Pot-herbes and Sweet-herbes Beet-card Purslain Lettice Endive c. Cabbage Cole-flower Scorzonera Beetrave Carrot Radish Turneep Peas Beens and Kidnees Artichocks Strawberries Rasps Currans Goosbeeries Cherries Plumes summer Pears and Aples Cyder Metheglin and other Wines AUGUST FAllow bordures Beds Nurseries and the bulks of Trees Yet Inoculat Ply and purge Trees Pull up suckers and weeds Clip Hedges Gather the Black-cherrie and Morella Stones Gather Mezerion berries Gather the seeds of most Herbes and Flowers Cut your Physick-herbes In the beginning sow Cabbage thô I confess it s too late See the last moneth Beets and Beet-card Spinage Black radish Chervil Letice Corn-sallade Endive Scorzonera Carvy Marygold Angelica Scurvy-grass c. Take up ripe Onions Garleeks and Shallot Unbind buds Inoculated Cut and string Strawberries Lay july-July-flowers Sow Columbines Holyhoks Larks-heells Candytuffs Popies and such as can endure Winter Take up your bulks and plant as in last Sift the ground for Tulips and Gladiolus Plunge in potted Annualls in Vacants Keep down weeds by hawing c. Lay Grass and Gravel Beat Roll and mow well Make Goosberrie and Curran Wines c. Towards the end take Bees take the lightest first those who are near heaths may differ a little Destroy Wasps straiten the passage by putting on the hecks to secure from Robers Garden Dishes and drinks in season Many Pot-herbes and Sallades Cabbage Coleflower Beet-card Turneep Radish Carrot Beet-rave Scorzonera Peas Beans and Kidnees Artichocks Cucumbers Aples Pears Plumes Apricocks Geens Goosberries Currans Rasps Strawberries c. Cyder Metheglin Cherrie Wine Curran Wine Goosberrie Wine Raspberrie Wine c. SEPTEMBr. FAllow Trench and level ground Prepare pits and bordures for Trees Gather plan seed Almond Peach and white Plum Stones Gather ripe Fruits Plant furth Cabbage Remove bulbs and plant them Refresh Traine and House your tender Greens Refresh and trim pots and cases with July-flowers and other fine Flowers and plants Carrying them to pits shelter and covert giving them Air c. Towards the end gather Safron Make Cyder Perry and other Wines c. Straiten the entrance to Bee-hives destroy Wasps c. Also you may now remove Bees Garden Dishes and drinks in season Varieties of Pot-herbes and Sallades Cabbage Cole-flower Peas Beans and Kidnees Artichocks Beet-card Beet-rave Scorzonera Carrots Turneeps Radish Cucumbers Aples Pears Apricocks Peaches Nectarines Quince Grapes Barberries Filbeards Cyder Liquorish Ail Metheglin and Wine of Cherries Rasps Goosberries Currans c. OCTOBER GAther Winter Fruits Trench and fallow grounds mixing with proper soil to ly over the Winter Prepare dungs and mannures mixing and laying them in heaps bottom'd and covered with Earth Plant Hawthorn Hedges And all Trees that lose their leaves Also lay their branches Prun Roses Gather seeds of Hassell Hawthorn Plan Ash Beach Oak Aple Pear c. Cut Strawberries Artichocks Asparagus covering their beds with dung and Ashes Earth up Winter Sallades Herbes and Flowers a little Plant Cabbage c. Plant Tulips Anemonies and other Bulbs Sow the seed of Bairs-cars Cowslips Tulips c. Beat and Roll Gravel and Grass Finish your last weeding and mowing Lay bair leopered Tree Roots and remove what harms them also delve and dung such as require it Drain excessive moisture wherever it be Pickle and conserve Fruits Make Perry and Cyder You may now safely remove Bees Garden Dishes and drinks in season Coleworts Leeks Cabbage Cole-flowers Onions Shallot Beans Blanched Endive and Sellery Pickled Asparagus Purslain c. Scorâ—onera Beet-rave Carrots Turneeps Parsneeps Potatoes Skirrets Artichocks Cucumbers Aples Pears Plumes Almond c. Cyder Perry and Wine of Cherries Currans Goosberries Rasberries Ail of Liquorish Metheglin c. FINIS