first watring Lauender is a flower of a hot smell and is more estéemed of the plaine Country housewife then the dainty Citizen it is very wholesome amongst linnen cloathes and would be sowen in a good rich mould in the moneths of March or Aprill The white Lilly would be sâ—wen in a fat earth in the moneths of October and Nouember or in March or April and the séedes must be sowen excéeding thinne not one by any meanes touching another and the mould which couereth them must be sifted gently vpon them If you would haue your Lillyes of a purple colour you shall stéepe your féedes in the Lées of red wine and that will change their complexion and also you shall water the Plants with the same Lées likewise if you will haue them scarlet red you shall put Vermillion or Cynaber betwéene the rinde and the small heads growing about the roote if you would haue them blew you shall dissolue Azure or Byse betwéene the rinde and the heads if yellow Orpment if gréene Verdigreace and thus of any other colour Now to make them flourish euery moneth in the yéere you shall sowe your séedes some a foote déepe some halfe a foote and some not two inches so they will spring one after another and flourish one after another The wood Lilly or Lilly of the vale delighteth most in a moyst ground and may be sowen either in March or September it is very faire to looke on and not so suffocating in smell as the other Lillyes are The flower de Lice is of excellent beauty but not very pleasant to smell to it loueth a dry ground an easie mould and is fittest to be sowen in the moneth of March. Pyonie or the blessed Rose loueth a good fat earth being somewhat loose and may be sowen either in March or September it asketh not much watring onely some support because the stalkes be weake Petillius or Indian eye may be sowen in any ground for it desireth neither much water nor much dung and the best season for sowing it is Iune or 〈…〉 it will beare flowers commonly all the Wintâ—r Veluet flower loueth a rich fertile ground and must be much watred the season best for the sowing is Augâ—st 〈◊〉 commonly it will beare flowers all the Winter Gilliflowers are of diuers kindes as Pynks Wall-flowers Carnations Cloue-Gilliflowers and a world of others which are of all other flowers most swéet and delicateâ— all but the Wall-gilliflower loue good fertile earths and may be sowen either in March Iuly or August They are better to be planted of Slips then sowen yet both will prosper They are very tender and therfore the best planting of them is in earthen Pots or halfe Tubs which at your pleasure you may remoue from the shade to the Sunne and from the roughnesse of stormes to places of shelter they grow vp high on long slender stalkes which you must defend and support with square cradles made of stickes least the winde and the waight of the flowers breake them these Gilliflowers you may make of any colour you please in such sort as is shewed you for the colouring of Lillyes and if you please to haue them of mixt colours you may also by grafting of contrary colours one into another and you may with as great ease graft the Gylliflower as any fruit whatsoeuer by the ioyning of the knots one into another and then wrapping them about with a little soft sleau'd silke and couering the place close with soft red Waxe well tempered And you shall vnderstand that the grafting of Gylliflowers maketh them exceeding great double and most orient of colour Now if you will haue your Gylliflowers of diuers smels or odours you may also with great ease as thus for example if you will take two or thrée great cloues stéepe them foure and twenty houres in Damaske Rose water then take them out and bruise them and put them into a fine Cambricke ragge and so binde them about the heart roote of the Gylliflower néere to the setting on of the stalke and so plant it in a fine soft and fertile mould and the flower which springeth from the same will haue so delicate a mixt smell of the Cloue and the Rose-water that it will bréede both delight and wonder If in the same manner you take a sticke of Cinamon and stéepe it in Rose water and then â—ruise it and binde it as afore-said all the flowers will smell strongly of Cinamon if you take two graines of fat Muske and mixe it with two drops of Damaske Rose water and binde it as afore-said the flowers will smell strongly of Muske yet not too hot nor offensiue by reason of the correction of the Rose water and in this sort you may doe either with Amber-greece Storax Beniamin or any other swéet drugge whatsoeuer and if in any of these confections before named you stéepe the séedes of your Gylliflowers foure and twenty houres before you sowe them they will take the same smels in which you stéepe them onely they will not be so large or double as those which are replanted or grafted Now for your Wall-Gylliflower it delighteth in hard rubbish limy and stonie grounds whence it commeth that they couet most to grow vpon walles pauements and such like barraine places It may be sowen in any moneth or season for it is a séede of that hardnesse that it makes no difference betwixt Winter and Sommer but will flourish in both equally and beareth his flowers all the yéere whence it comes that the Husbandman preserues it most in his Bée-garden for it is wondrous swéet and affordeth much honey It would be sowen in very small quantity for after it haue once taken roote it will naturally of it selfe ouer-spread much ground and hardly eâ—er after be rooted out It is of it selfe of so excéeding a strong and swéet smell that it cannot be forced to take any other and therefore is euer preserued in its owne nature The Helytropian or flower of the Sunne is in nature and colour like our English Marigold onely it is excéeding huge in compasse for many of them will be twenty and foure and twenty inches in compasse according to the fertilenesse of the soyle in which they grow and the oft replanting of their rootes they are excéeding 〈…〉 on and pleasant to smell they open their flowers at the rising of the Sunne and close them againe at the 〈◊〉 setting it delighteth in any soyle which is fertile 〈◊〉 by Art or Nature and may be sowen in any 〈◊〉 from February till September the oft planting 〈◊〉 replanting of the roote after it is sprung a handfull from the earth maketh it grow to the vttermost bignesse it would haue the East and West open vpon it onely 〈◊〉 small Pent-house to kéepe the sharpnesse of the 〈◊〉 from it The Crowne Emperiall is of all flowers both Foraigne and home-bred the
delicatest and strangest it hath the true shape of an Emperiall Crowne and will be of diuers colours according to the Art of the â—arâ—ner In the middest of the flower you shall sée a 〈◊〉 Pearle stand in proportion colour and orientnesse liâ—â— a true naturall Pearle onely it is of a soft liquid substance This Pearle if you shake the flower neuer so violently will not fall off neither if you let it continue neuer so long will it either encrease or diminish in â—he bignesse but remayneth all one yet if with your finger you take and wipe it away in lesse then an hâ—â—re after you shall haue another arise in the same place and of the same bignesse This Pearle if you taste it vpon your tongue is pleasant and swéet like honey this flower when the Sunne ariseth you shall sée it looke directly to the East with the stalke bent lowe there-vnto and as the Sunne ariseth higher and higher so the flower will likewise ascend and when the Sunne is come into the Meridian or noone poynt which is directly ouer it then will it stand vpright vpon the stalke and looke directly vpward and as the Sunne declineth so will it likewise decline and at the Sunne setting looke directly to the West onely The séedes of this flower are very tender and therefore would be carefully sowen in a very rich and fertile earth well broken and manured The seasons most méete for the same is the latter end of March Aprill or May for the flowers flourish most in May Iune and Iuly As soone as it is sprung a handfull aboue the earth you shall remoue it into a frâ—sh mould and that will make it flourish the brauer the roote of this flower is like an Apple or great flat Onion and therefore in the replanting of it you must be carefull to make a hole large and fitte for the same and to fire the mould gently and close about the same In the Winter it shrinketh into the earth and is hardly or not at all discerned by meanes whereof I haue seene diuers supposing it to be dead to digge vp the earth and negligently spoyle the roote but be not you of that opinion and in the Spring you shall sée it arise and flourish brauely The Dulippo is but a little short of the Crowne Emperiall in pleasantnesse and rarenesse for you may haue them of all colours whatsoeuer in such sort as was shewed you for the Lillyes Gylliflowers and other rootes they are tender at their first springing from the séede and therefore must be sowen in a fine rich mould in the warmth of the Sunne either in March Aprill or May but after they are once sprung aboue the ground they are reasonable hard and will defend themselues against most weathers the roote of this flower is shaped like a Peare with the biggest end downeward and many small thréeds at the bottome therefore you must be sure when you remooue or replant it to couer all the roote in fresh mould and let not any part of the white thereof be vncouered this flower by monethly replanting you may haue to flourish in all the Summer moneths of the yeare for in the dead of Winter it shrinketh into the ground and is hardly or not at all perceiued the stalkes of these flowers are weake therefore to support them and defend them from the shakings of the windes with little square frames of stickes will be very good 〈◊〉 â—â—cessary it must be oft watred The Hyacinth is a flower more delicate to the eye then nose and is of a good strong nature for it will â—ndure any reasonable earth and may be sowne in any â—â—neth of the Spring from the beginning of February till midde Iune it onely hateth tempests and stormes and therefore is commonly sowen or planted néere vnto walls or other shelter You may haue them of any colour you please as is shewed before of other flowers and in this alteration or mixture of colours their greatest glorie appeareth they will flourish all the Summer long and if they stand warme appeare very early in the Spring The Narcissus is a very curious and dainty flower and through his much variety and alteration in growing they are supposed to be of diuers kindes but it is not so for in as much as they are séene to be of diuers colours that is but the Art of the Gardner as is before exprest in other flowers and whereas some of them grow single some double and some double vpon double you shall vnderstand that such as grow single grow simply from the seede onely those which are double and no more are such as haue béene planted and replanted the small thréeds of the rootes being clipt away and nothing left about it that is superfluous and those which are double vpon double are the double plants grafted one into another This Narcissus loueth a rich warme soyle the mould being easie and light it may be sowne in any moneth of the Spring and will flourish all the Summer after Before it appeare aboue ground it would be oft watred but after it saâ—â—s not how little for it will defend it selfe sufficiently Not vnlike vnto this is your Daffadill of all kindes and colours and in the same earths and seasons delighteth either to be sowen or planted and will in the same manner as your Narcissus double and redouble his leaues so will your Colombine your Chesbole and almost any hollow flower whatsoeuer Many other forraigne flowers there are which grow plentifully in our Kingdome but the order of their planting and sowing differeth nothing from these which I haue already declared being the most tender and curious of all other therefore I will end this Chapter with this one caution onely that when you shall receiue any séede from any forraine Nation you shall learne as néere as you can the nature of the soyle from whence it commeth as hot moyst colde or dry it is and then comparing it with ours sowe it as néere as you can in the earth and in the seasons that are néerest to the soyle from whence it came as thus for example if it came from a clime much hotter then ours then shall you sowe it in sandie mould or other mould made warme by strength of meanure in the warmest time of the day and in those moneths of the Spring which are warmest as Aprill or May you shall let it haue the Sunne fréely all the day and at night with Mats Penthouse or other defence shield it from sharpe windes frosts or colde dewes I haue séene diuers Noblemen and Gentlemen which haue béene very curious in these dainty flowers which haue made large frames of wood with boards of twenty inches déepe standing vpon little round whéeles of wood which being made square or round according to the Masters fancie they haue filled with choyse earth such as is most proper to the flower they would haue grow and then in them sowe their
nor doe they flourish in any place more braâ—â—ly Now for mine owne part I write generally to all Husbandmen not to those onely which liue in fertile and fat Soyles and therefore I would haue no man say the Soyle where I liue is so barraine that I cannot haue a Garden for if the Soyle wherein you liue be barraine then shall you in the latter end of September breake vp your earth more then a Spade-graft déepe and be well assured that at euery Spade-graft you breake the moulâ— well and leaue not the rootes of any wéeds within it thâ—â— let it rest till the midst of October at which time if â—â—y wéeds appeare vpon it by all meanes let them be plâ—ckt vp by the roots which done you shall trench your ground at least a yarde and a halfe déepe and then bury in those trenches if it be a Sand or grauell earth great â—tore oâ— Oxe or Cow meanure if it be a colde Chalkie Clay or a moyst ground then great store of Horse meanure of both which meanures the oldest and rottenest is the best but if you liue in such a Soyle as there is neyther of these meanures bred therein then take straw of any kinde whatsoeuer and spread it in the high-way where there is much trauell when it is rotten with the beating of Horse féet then cause it to be shoueld vp with it fill your trenches but if Straw be wanting then if you haue any muddy ditches or ponds scowre the mud out of them with it fill vp your trenches although these are not so long lasting as the two first sorts of meanures yet they are sufficient to bring forth increase must supply where necessity inforceth alwayes hauing discretion when you sée your ground abate in fruitfulnes to replenish it with fresh meanure Now as you fill your trenches with meanure let one mixe the earth therewithall and as it were blend and incorporate them together thus hauing gone ouer so much ground as you intend to plant or sowe vpon you shall let it rest till the midst of Ianuary at which time you shall breake it vp in trenches againe but not aboue thrée quarters of a yarde déepe and then fill vp those trenches with meanure as before and lay your earth as leuell as is possible so let it rest till the beginning of March if the weather be seasonable for sowing or planting otherwise let it stay till mid-March and as soone as the Moone is changed you shall then dig it vp the fourth time and make it fit to receyue your séede but in this fourth time of turning ouer your earth you shall dig it but a little better then a Spade-graft depth and euer as you dig it mixe it with fresh meanure if your ground be subiect to much chapping or rining then you shall at this last digging mixe the earth with ashes and Horse meanure mixt together which will binde and holde the earth from chapping After you haue digd your ground in this order and made it leuell you shal with an Iron Rake breake the great clods of earth and bring it to as fine a mould as is possible euer obseruing that if in the breaking of the clods or otherwise you perceiue the roots or stalks of any wéeds to arise you shall presently with your hand pull them out and cast them on heaps that they may serue eyther for the fire or the dunghill which done you shall tread out your beds in such orderly sort that you may passe from one to the other without eyther treading vpon the beds or striding ouer them thus much for the barraine sterrill ground which although all ancient late writers reiect as not worthy to be imployed to this vse yet beléeue it being husbanded as is said before it will equall in fruitfulnes the best ground Touching your rich and perfect grounds which of themselues are apt to put forth with little labour you shall onely at the latter end of September breake vp the Earth and making greater Trenches 〈…〉 with Oxe meanure and then turning the Earth â—pon the meanure leuell your ground very carefully brâ—â—ke the clots and rake it very painefully and their trende â—ut 〈◊〉 beds as is before sayd artificially but if the ground which you breake vp be eyther gréene-swarth or much ouergrowne with wéeds as these rich soyles must euer be the one or the other for they will not be idle but continually bringing forth then at this first digging and dunging you shall haue diuers which shall follow the Spade who shall take away all manner of roots gréenes grasse-â—ults stones or whatsoeuer may bréede anoyance to the ground which worke being perfected you shall let the ground â—est all winter till the beginning of March that the frost may mellow and ripen the mould and also kill the roots of such wéeds as the Spade hath turned vp and haue béene omitted to be pulled away Now so soone as March is come vpon the first change of the Moone you shall digge vp this Earth againâ— leuell it and order it in all points as was sayd of the barraine Earth onely there will néede no more vse of meanure but as soone as it is digged raked leuelled and brought into a fine mould you may then tread out your Beds as aforesayd euer proportioning the quantitie of them according to the quantitie of your séedes hauing the most of that which is most in vse and the least of the contrary Now as touching the fencing and inclosing of your Garden I haue in the former Booke shewed you the same at large and giuen seuerall instructions according to mens seuerall abilities with this caution that whether your fence be wall pale dead-hedge ditch or quickâ—et yet it must be so high that it may with assurance kéepe all manner of Pullen from flying ouer the same who are the greatest enemies to a Garden that may be There would be also in this Kitchin-Garden if with conueniency it may be brought to passe eyther a Pumpe Well or Cesterne which might flow continually with water all the Summer time for the watering of Hearbs as shall be héereafter declared And thus much touching the choyce of ground for a Kitchin-garden and the ordering of the same CHAP. III. Of the sowing and ordering of all manner of Pot-hearbs WHen you haue prepared your ground and cast your beds in an orderly fashion as is before spoken you shall then take your Séeds which Séeds would by no meanes be aboue a yéere olde and hauing sorted them seuerally euery one by it selfe and appointed the beds which shall seuerally receiue them you shall in this manner sowe your Pot-hearbs which craue not much roote because their onely benefit is in the leafe take your séeds and put them into a wooden Tray then take of your Garden moulde the finest that may be being made almost as fine as ashes and mixe your Séeds and that mould very
know that Roses may as well be sowne from the séede as planted from the roote Syen or branch onely they are the slower in comming vp more tender to nourish and much longer in yéelding forth their flowers yet for satisfaction sake and where necessitie vrgeth if of force or pleasure you must sowe it from the séede you shall chuse a ruffish earth loose and well dunged and you shall cast vp your beds high and narrow the moneth which is fit for their sowing is September and they must be couered not aboue foure fingers déepe they must be defended well all the Winter from frosts and stormes and then they will beare their flowers plentifully all the next Spring following yet this is to be noted that all Roses which rise from the séede simply their flowers will be single like the Eglantine or Cyphanie therefore after your plants are two yéeres olde you must graft one into another as you doe other fruit and that will make them double and thicke also you must remember that those yellow small séedes which are in the midst of the Rose are not true Rose séedes but those which lye hid in the round peare knob vnder the Rose which as soone as the leaues are fallen away will open and shew the séede And thus much touching the sowing of all sorts of Roses which is for experience and knowledge sake onely for indéede the true vse and property of the Rose is to be planted in short slips about fourtéene inches long and the small tassels of the roote cut away they would be set halfe a foote into the ground in the same manner as you set ordinary Quick-set and of like thicknesse rather a little slope-wise then vpright and though some thinke March the best season yet doubtlesse September is much better for hauing the roote confirmed all the Winter they will beare the sooner and better all the Sommer following you must be carefull to plant them in faire weather and as néere as you can vnder shelter as by the sides of walls and such like couert where the Sunne may reflect against them and if they be planted on open beds or borders then you must with Poales and other necessaries support and hold them vp least the winde shake their rootes and hinder their growing The red Rose is not fully so tender as the Damaske neither is it so pleasant in smell nor doubleth his leaues so often yet it is much more Phisicall and oftner vsed in medicine it is likewise fitter to be planted then sowen and the earth in which it most ioyeth would be a little rough or grauelly and the best compasse you can lay vnto it is rubbish or the sweeping of houses the moneths to sowe or plant it in is March or September the time to prune and cut away the superfluous branches is euer the midst of October The white Rose is of lesse smell then the red and will grow in a harder ground his vse is altogether in Phisicke as for sore eyes and such like it will grow into a Trée of some bigge substance and is seldome hurt with frosts stormes or blastings it would likewise be planted from the roote against some high wall either in the moneth of February or March and the oftner you plant and replant it the doubler and larger the flower will be for the earth it much skilleth not because it will grow almost in euery ground onely it delights most in the shadow and would be seldome pruned except you finde many dead branches The Cinamon Rose is for the most part sowen and not planted whence it comes that you shall euer sée the leaues single and little the delicacie thereof being onely in the smell which that you may haue most fragrant and strong you shall take a vessell of earth being full of small holes in the bottome and sides and fill it with the richest earth you can get being made fine and loose then take Damaske Rose séedes which are hard and sound and steepe them foure and twenty houres in Cinamon water I doe not meane the distilled water but faire Conduit water in which good store of Cinamon hath bin stéeped or boyled or milk wherin good store of Cinamon hath bin dissolued and then sow those séedes into the Pot and couer them almost thrée fingers déepe then morning and euening till they appeare aboue the earth water them with that water or milke in which the séedes were stéeped then when they are sprung vp a handfull or more aboue the ground you shall take them vp mould and all and hauing drest a border or bed for the purpose plant them so as they may grow vp against some warme wall or pale and haue the Sunne most part of the day shining vpon them and you shall be sure to haue Roses growing on them whose smell will be wonderfull pleasant as if they had béene spiced with Cinamon and the best season of sowing these is euer in March at high noone day the weather shining faire and the winde most calme Now if you would haue these Roses to grow double which is an Act yet hid from most Gardners you shall 〈◊〉 Michaelmasse take the vppermost parts of the Plants from the first knot and as you graft either Plumme or Apple so graft one into another and couer the heads with earth or clay tempered with Cinamon-water and they will not onely grow double but the smell will be much swéeter and looke how oft you will graft and 〈◊〉 graft them so much more double and double they will proue The Prouince Rose is a delicate flower for the eye more then the nose for his oft grafting abateth his smell but doubleth his leafe so oft that it is wonderfull therefore if you will haue them large and faire you shall take the fairest Damaske Roses you can get and graft them into the red Rose and when they haue shot out many branches then you shall graft each seuerall branch againe with new grafts of another grafted Damaske Rose and thus by grafting graft vpon graft you shall haue as faire and well coloured Prouince Roses as you can wish or desire and thus you may doe either in the Spring or fall at your pleasure but the fall of the leafe is euer helde the best season Now if your Roses chaunce to loose their smels as it all happeneth through these double graftings you shall then plant Garlicke heads at the rootes of your Roses and that will bring the pleasantnesse of their sent vnto them againe Now for your generall obseruations you shall remember that it is good to water your Roses morning and euening till they be gathered you shall rather couet to plant your Roses in a dry ground then a wette you shall giue them much shelter strong support and fresh dung twise at the least euery yeare when the leafe is fallen you shall cutte and prune the branches and when the buds appeare you then begin your
THE Second Booke of the English Husbandman CONTAYNING the Ordering of the Kitchin-Garden and the Planting of strange Flowers the breeding of all manner of CATTELL Together with the Cures the feeding of Cattell the Ordering both of Pastures and meddow-Meddow-ground with the vse both of high-wood and vnder-wood WHEREVNTO IS ADDED a TREATISE called Goodmens Recreation Contayning a Discourse of the generall Art of Fishing with the Angle and otherwise and of all the hidden secrets belonging thereunto TOGETHER With the Choyce Ordering Breeding and Dyeting of the fighting Cocke A worke neuer written before by any Author By G. M. LONDON Printed by T. S. for Iohn Browne and are to be sould at his shop in S. Dunstanes Church-yard in Fleetstreet 1614. A Table of all the principall matters contayned in this Booke CHAP. I. How the Husbandman shall iudge and fore-know all kinde of weather and other seasons of the yeere OF Raine Signes from clouds Signes from the Moone Signes from the Sun Signes from Lightning Signes from Fowle Signes from Beasts Signes from things without Motion Signes of much Raine Signes of Snow or Hayle Signes of Winde Signes of Tempests Signes of faire weather Signes of Winter Signes of the Spring Signes of a hot summer Signes of a long winter Signes of a forward or backward yeere Signes of a good or bad yeere Signes from Christmas day Signes from the sunne rising Signes from the twelue dayes in Christmas Signes from S. Paules day Signes from Maudlin and S. Switthens day if Corne shall be cheap or deere Signes from Thunder Signes of sickenesse or health The preseruation of health CHAP. II. The choyse of Grounds for the Kitchin-Garden and the ordering thereof The Contents THe choyce of Ground The bettering of Grounds The trenching of Grounds Of breaking the Garden-mould Ordering of Garden-beds Of the fruitfull soyle The necessariest ornament in a Garden CHAP. III. Of the Sowing and Ordering of all manner of Pot-Hearbes The Contents OF all sorts of Pot-hearbs Of Endiue and Succory Of Beets Of Land-Cresses Of Parcely Of Sauory Of Time Of French Mallowes and Cheruil Of Dill. Of Issop Of Mints Of Violets Of Basill Of sweet Marioram and Marigolds Of Strawburyes Of Borrage and Buglosse Of Rosemary Of Pennyroyall Of Leekes Of Onyons Of gathering Onyon-seeds or the Onyon CHAP. IIII. Of sowing of certaine Hearbes which are to be eaten but especially are medicinall yet euer in the Husbandmans Garden The Contents OF Arage Of Lumbardy Louage Of Fennell Of Anyse Of Comyn Of Colyander Of Rue Of Organy Of white Poppye Of Germander Of Cardus Benedictus Of Angelica Of Valerian Of Elecampana Of Pepper-wort Of Phylipendula CHAP. V. Of diuer sorts of Sallet-Hearbes their manner of Sowing and Ordering The Contents OF Lettuce Of Spinage Of Sparagus Of Colworts Of Sage Of Purslaine Of Artichocks Of Garlicke Of Raddish Of Nauewe Of Parsenips and Carrets Of Pompions or Mellons Of Cowcumbers Of the Beanes of Aegipt Of Skerrets A most necessary obseruation CHAP. VI. Of Flowers of all sorts both forraine and home-bred their sowing planting and preseruing The Contents OF Roses Of the Damaske Rose Of the redde Rose Of the white Rose Of the Cynamon Rose To make the Cynamon Rose grow double Of the Prouence Rose To make Roses smell well Generall notes touching Roses Of Lauender Of the white Lilly To make Lillies of any colour To make Lillies flourish all the yere Of the wood Lilly Of the Flowre de Lice Of Pyonye Of Petiluis Of veluet Flowers Of Gilly-Flowers Of grafting of Gilly-Flowers Of the smels of Gilly-Flowers Of the wall Gilly-Flower Of the Hellytropian Of the Crowne-Emperiall Of the Dulippo Of the Hyacinth Of the Narcissus Of the Daffadill Colombine and Chesbole An excellent Caution A new manner of planting Flowers and Fruits CHAP. VII How to preserue all manner of Seeds Hearbs Flowers and Fruits from all manner of noysome and pestilent things which deuoure and hurt them The Contents OF Thunder and Lightning Of Caterpillers Of Toads and Frogs Of the field Mice Of Flies Of the greene Flie. Of Gnats Of Pissemires Of Moales Of Snayles Of Moathes Of Canckers Of Garden wormes An excellent experiment The Conclusion of the Kitchin-Garden The Table of the second part of the second Booke Contayning the Ordering of all sorts of VVoods and the breeding of Cattell CHAP. I. Of the beginning of VVoods first sowing and necessary vse The Contents WOod better then Gold The excellent vses of Wood. The plantation of Wood. The fencing of young Woods When Cattel may graze in springs The vse of the Clay-ground for Woods A speciall note CHAP. II. The deuision of vnder-Woods their sale and profit The Contents THE deuision of Woods The value of vnderwood Of the sale of vnderwoods How to cut vnderwoods The fencing of sales The Woodwards duty CHAP. III. Of High-woods and their plantation The Contents WHat High-woods are The beginning of highwoods The plantation of your high-woods Of planting the Elme Of planting the Ash. Obiection Answere CHAP. IIII. The preseruation and sale of High-woods The Contents OF Trees which take wet inwardly Of Barke-bound Of Hornets and Dores Of the Canker Of Pissemires Of â—uye Woodbine and Mysselto Of Thunder and Lightning Of the sale of tall Woods How to chuse Timbers Of Mill-Timber Of Timber to beare burthen Timber for Poales Wainescot c. Timber for Piles or water workes The vse of the Elme The vse of the Ashe The vse of the Walnut tree The vse of the Peare tree The vse of the Maple Beech or Poplar Of Char-coale How to valew Tymber How to measure Timber by guesse Best seasons for the sale The time for Chapmen When to cut downe Tymber CHAP. V. Of the breeding of Wood in rich Champaine Soyles The Contents HOW to set all sorts of Quick-sets Planting of greater Trees Of the setting of Willowes c. The vse of Willowes Sallowes and Oziers The ordering of Willowes The ordering of the Ozier CHAP. VI. Of plashing of Hedges and lopping or heading of Timber The Contents VVHat plashing is How to plash The time of yeere The tooles to plash with The profit of plashing The lopping of Timber What lopping is The season for lopping How you shall loppe Timber CHAP. VII Of Pasture-grounds their order profit and generall vse The Contents DIuersitie and vse of Pastures Of barraine Pastures Signes of barrainnesse Bettering of Soyles Sowing of good seeds For abundance of grasse The imperfection of meanure To helpe a slow Spring To helpe naughty grasse To helpe Sunne-burning To helpe ling or braken To helpe marrishes To helpe mossinesse The generall vse of barraine grounds What Cattell to be bred Of fertile grounds Deuision of rich grounds Vse of rich grounds Ordering of Pastures Feeding of Cattell How to know a fat beast Of Meddowes and their ordering Preseruation of Meddowes VVhen to lay Meddowes VVhen to mowe Meddowes Inclination of weather The manner to mow Meddowes How to make Hay To make fine Hay To make course Hay Vse of Hay
well together then goe to the bedde where you meane to bestow them and hauing newly rackt it to stirre vp the fresh mould with your hand sprinkle and sowe them all ouer the bed so thicke as may be which done with a fine Rake rake the bed gently ouer then taking spare fine mould put it into a ridling Siue and sift it ouer the bed better then two fingers thickenesse and so let it rest thus you shall doe seuerally with euery séede one after another bestowing euery one vpon a seuerall bed Now for your Pot-hearbs which are most generally in vse they be these Endiue and Succorie which delight in moyst ground and will endure the winter Bleete of which there be two kindes Red and White this Hearbe neuer néedeth wéeding and if he be suffered to shed his séed it will hardly euer to be got out of a Garden Then Beets which must be much wéeded for they loâ—â— to liue by themselues and if they grow too thickâ— you may take them vp when they are a finger long in their 〈◊〉 earth and set them in another bed and they will prosper much better Then land Cresses which is both a good Pot-hearbâ— and a good Sallet-Hearbe it loueth shadowie places where the Sunne shineth least and standeth in néed of little dung Then Parcely which of all Hearbs is of most vse it is longest in appearing aboue ground and the elder sâ—â—d is the quicker in growth but not the surer but eyther being once come vp increase naturally and doe hardly euer decay it cannot grow too thicke but as you vse it you must cut off the toppes with your knife and by no meanes pull vp the rootes if it be put into a little pursse and beaten against the ground to bruise it a little before it be sowne it will make it haue a large crisped leafe Then Sauory of which are two kindes the Winter Sauory and Summer both delight in leane ground and are quicke of growth and long lasting Then Time of which are also two kindes the running Time and the Garden Time they delight in fertile ground and from the séede are very slow of growth therefore it is best euer to set them from the â—lip The running Time doth delight in the shadow but the Garden Time in the Sunne Then French Mallowes which will ioy in any ground and are quicke of growth Then Cheruill which will not by any meanes grow with any other Hearbe Then Dill which may be sowne almost in any moneth of the yéere as well as March it endureth all weathers but loueth the warmth best Then Isop â— which in like manner as Time is slow of growth from the séed and therefore â—itter to be set from the slips after it hath once taken roote it encreaseth wonderfully and will hardly be destroyed Then Mints which flourish onely in the Summer time but dye in the Winter it delighteth most in the moyst ground Then Violets the leaues whereof are a good Pot-hearb and the Flowers preserued in close glasse pots with strong Wine-vinegar and Sugar a most excellent Sallet it doth delight to grow high and will grow spéedely eyther from the plant or from the séed Then Basill which would be sowne in the warme weather as at the beginning of May for the séed is tender and when you haue sowne it you shall presse the earth downe vpon it with your féet for the seede can endure no hollownesse if you sowe it at the fall of the Leafe you shall sprinkle the séede with Uinegar and when you water it let the Sunne be at his height Then swéet Marioram which would be sowne on rich ground and farre from Sunneshine for it taketh no delight in his beames Then Marigolds which renew euery moneth and endure the Winter as well as the Summer this Hearbe the oftner you remoue it the bigger it groweth Then Strawberries whose leaues are a good Pot-hearâ—e and the fruit the wholesommeâ—t berry this Hearbe of all other would be set of the plant and not sowne from the séed for the oft changing and remouing of it causeth it to grow bigger and bigger it groweth best vnder the shadowes of other Hearbes but very sufficiently in beds or else where Then Borage and Buglosse both which are of one nature they would be sowne in small quantity for where they take they will runne ouer a whole Garden the séed must be gathered when it is halfe ripe it is so apt to shed and when you gather it you must plucke vp the stalkes leaues all and so laying them one vpon another thrée or foure dayes their own heat will bring the séed to ripenes Then Rosemary which is an Hearbe tender and â—â—â—rious yet of singular vertue it is soone slaine with frost or lightening it will grow plentifully from the séede but much better from the slip it delighteth to be planted against some Wall where it may haue the reâ—lection of the Sunne for to stand vnpropped of himselfe the very shaking of the winde will kill it Then Penyroyall which most properly is vsed to be mixt with Puddings made of the bloud of Beasts Oatmeale of it there be two kindes Male and Female the Male beareth a white flower and the Female a purple it must be sowne in small quantity for it will runne and spread ouer-much ground it delighteth most in moyst earth Then Leekes which would haue a fertile ground and as soone as they be shot vp a good length you shall cut the blades to the polt and then remoue the heads and set them borderwise about your other beds this remouing after the cutting off the blades wil make them grow bigger and prosper better as for thrusting Oyster-shels or Tyle-shreads vnder them to make the heads bigger it is a toy for if the mould be loose and good the Léeke will come to his perfect growth they may be sowne both in March Aprill May and Iune and they may be remoued all Iuly August September and October Then Onions which differ not much from the nature of Léekes they loue a fertile Soyle and would be sowne with the séeds of Sauory when they come vp if they grow too thicke as is often séene you shall plucke vp some and spend them in the Pot and in Sallets to giue the rest more roome and some you shall take vp and replant in other beds which you may preserue for séede those Onionâ— which you would not haue to séede you shall cut off the bâ—ades in the midst that the iuyce may descend downewâ—rd and when you sée the heads of the Onions appearing aboue the earth you shall with your féet tread them into the groundâ— there be some very well experienst Husbands which will take the fayrest goodliest and soundest Onions they can get and in this moneth of March set them thrée fingers déepe in the earth and these
séedes or fixe their Plants in such sort as hath béene before described and so placing them in such open places of the Garden where they may haue the strength and violence of the Sunnes heate all the day and the comfort of such moderate showers as fall without violence or extraordinarie beating and at night draw them by mans strength into some low vaulted gallery ioyning vpon the Garden where they may stand warme and safe from stormes windes frosts dewes blastings and other mischiefes which euer happen in the Sunnes absence and in this manner you may not onely haue all manner of dainty outlandish flowers but also all sorts of the most delicatest fruits that may be as the Orenge Limond Pomgranate Poncythron Cynamon-tree Oliue Almond or any other from what clime so euer it be deriued obseruing onely but to make your frames of wood which containes your earth but déeper and larger according to the fruit you plant in it and that your Alleys through which you draw your Trées when you house them be smooth and leuell least being rough and vneuen you iogge and shake the rootes with the waight of the Trées which is dangerous And least any man may imagine this but an imaginary supposition I can assure him that within seauen miles of London the experiment is to be séene where all these fruits and flowers with a world of others grow in two Gardens most abundantly Now for such flowers or fruits as shall be brought from a colder or more barraine ground then our owne there néedeth not much curiosity in the plantation of them because a better euer bringeth forth a better encrease onely I would wish you to obserue to giue all such fruits or flowers the vttermost liberty of the weather rather to adde coolenes by shaddow then encrease any warmth by reflection as also to augment showers by artificiall watrings rather then to let the roote dry for want of continuall moysture many other notes and obseruations there are which to discouer would aske a volume larger then I intend and yet not be more in true substance then this which is already writ if the Reader haue but so much mother-wit as by comparing things together to draw the vses from the true reasons and to shunne contrary by contraries which what Husbandman is so simple but he can easily performe and hauing the true grounds of experience frame his descant according to his owne fancie which is a Musicke best pleasing to all men since it is not in any one mans power to giue a generall contentment And thus much for flowers and their generall and particular ordering CHAP. VII How to preserue all manner of seedes hearbs flowers and fruits from all manner of noysome and pestilent things which deuoure and hurt them IT is not enough to bequeath and giue your séedes vnto the ground and then immediatly to expect without any further industrie the fruit of your labours no goodnesse seldome commeth with such ease you must therefore know that when you lay your séedes in the ground they are like so many good men amongst a world of wicked ones and as it were inuironed and begirt with maine Armies of enemies from which if your care and diligence doe not defend them the most if not all will doubtlesse perish and of these enemies the worst and most violentest is Thunder and Lightning which in a moment killeth all sorts of flowers plants and trées euen in the height and pride of their flourishing which to preuent it hath béene the practise of all the auncient Gardners to plant against the walles of their Gardens or in the middest of their quarters where their choysest flowers grow the Lawrell or Bay Trée which is euer helde a defence against those strikings Next vnto Thunder and Lightning are Caterpillers which are a kinde of filthy little wormes which lye in Cobwebs about the leaues deuouring them and poysoning the sap in such sort that the Plant dieth spéedily after the way to kill these is to take strong Urine and Ashes mixt together and with it to dash and sprinkle all the Plants cleane ouer and it will both preuent their bréeding or being bred will kill them the smoake of Brimstone will doe the like yet if they be excéeding much abundant the surest way to destroy them is to take olde rotten mouldy Hay and setting it on fire with the blaze thereof burne the Cob-webs and then with the smoake smother and kill the wormes and they will hardly euer bréede in that place againe Next these are Toades and Frogges which are very poysonous and great destroyers of young Plants chiefly in their first appearing aboue the ground and the auncient Gardners haue vsed to destroy them by burning the fat of a Stagge in some part of the Garden beds from which earth all creatures that haue poyson in them will flye with all violence other Gardners will watch where the Kite pearcheth on nights and gathering vp her dung scatter it vpon the beds either simply or mixt with the shauings of an olde Harts horne and no venemous thing will come néere it Next these are field Myce which will roote séedes out of the earth and deuoure them aboundantly which to kill you shall take Henbane seede and beate it to pouder and then mixing it with swéet Oyle fresh Butter or Grease make thereof a bayte and when you finde where they scratch or roote lay some part of the bayte in that place and they will gréedily eate it and it will kill them there be other Gardners which will take a Wéesell and burning it to ashes scatter the ashes on the beds and then no field Mouse will come néere them Next these are Flyes as flesh Flyes Scarabs Hornets Dores and such like which are great destroyers of Séeds and Plants when they appeare in their first leafe and are soft and tender which to destroy you shall either take Orpment mixt with milke or the pouder of Allome or the ashes of any of these Flyes burnt and with it sprinkle your beds and young plants all ouer and it will kéepe Flyes that they will not dare to come néere them If the gréene Fly which of all other Flyes is most gréedie to hurt Séedes and Plants doe offend your Garden you shall take Henbane leaues Houseleeke and Mints and beat them in a Morter then straine forth the iuyce and then adde thereto as much Uinegar as was of all the rest and thereâ—with sprinkle your beds all ouer and the gréene Fly will neuer come néere them Some hold opinion that if you plant the hearbe Rocket in your Garden that it is a safe preseruatiue against these grâ—eacute ene Flyes for it is most certaine that the very smell thereof will kill these and most sorts of all other Flyes whatsoeuer as hath béene found by approued experience and the sylts of olde auncient Abby Gardens which a man shall seldome finde without this hearbe planted in them Next