draw_v the_o earth_n in_o one_o place_n then_o proceed_v in_o the_o most_o likely_a place_n till_o you_o come_v to_o the_o marl_n and_o the_o most_o proper_a place_n to_o make_v this_o essay_n be_v in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o high_a country_n near_o brook_n and_o lake_n and_o in_o the_o high_a part_n of_o low_a country_n upon_o the_o knowl_n of_o little_a hill_n and_o in_o the_o cleft_n of_o steep_a bank_n or_o breach_n in_o hill_n open_v of_o themselves_o in_o some_o place_n it_o lie_v deep_a in_o some_o again_o shallow_a and_o common_o these_o barren_a sandy_a ground_n be_v verge_v with_o it_o lie_v very_o deep_a have_v find_v it_o dig_v it_o up_o in_o great_a lump_n and_o bring_v it_o to_o your_o land_n with_o what_o speed_n you_o can_v lay_v it_o on_o heap_n a_o yard_n distance_n one_o from_o another_o and_o when_o iâ—_n be_v dry_v spread_v all_o the_o heap_n and_o mix_v the_o marl_n with_o the_o sand_n and_o observe_v if_o the_o land_n ascend_v upon_o a_o hill_n to_o lay_v twice_o as_o much_o on_o the_o upper_a part_n as_o on_o the_o low_a because_o the_o rain_n wash_v it_o will_v carry_v the_o strength_n downward_o so_o that_o it_o will_v fatten_v the_o earth_n as_o it_o go_v and_o where_o marle_n be_v want_v fuller_n earth_n be_v a_o excellent_a soil_n to_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o it_o beat_v these_o with_o a_o beetle_n or_o maul_n as_o small_a as_o you_o can_v and_o for_o this_o sort_n of_o barren_a land_n though_o in_o clay_n it_o be_v nought_o you_o may_v use_v chalk_n or_o lime-stone_n which_o much_o comfort_n it_o strengthen_v and_o knit_v the_o ground_n together_o and_o have_v thus_o do_v when_o seedtime_n come_v plough_v it_o again_o deep_a that_o the_o new-broke-up_a earth_n may_v mix_v with_o the_o old_a and_o lime_n it_o a_o little_a for_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n require_v not_o so_o much_o of_o that_o as_o the_o clay_n ground_n this_o ground_n will_v bear_v wheat_n well_o but_o be_v most_o attribute_v to_o rye_n which_o will_v grow_v on_o it_o in_o abundance_n if_o you_o sow_v wheat_n steep_v it_o in_o salt-water_n and_o for_o the_o other_o mix_v a_o little_a bay-salt_n with_o it_o when_o you_o sow_v it_o the_o weed_n this_o kind_n of_o ground_n be_v most_o subject_a to_o be_v wild_a harbottle_n chessbele_n gipsie-flower_n and_o the_o like_a which_o may_v be_v take_v out_o by_o draw_v up_o the_o root_n or_o cut_v off_o the_o stalk_v close_o by_o the_o ground_n the_o ground_n thus_o order_v will_v bear_v wheat_n or_o rye_n three_o year_n and_o after_o that_o barley_n with_o once_o plough_v the_o five_o year_n oat_n the_o six_o and_o seven_o excellent_a lupin_n and_o then_o it_o will_v be_v good_a pasture_n three_o or_o four_o year_n after_o which_o you_o must_v dress_v it_o as_o before_o to_o recover_v its_o heart_n and_o strength_n chap._n xii_o of_o order_v and_o dress_n barren_a sand_n overrun_v with_o heath_n fearn_n braken_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n etc._n etc._n this_o sort_n of_o ground_n be_v more_o dry_a loose_a and_o harsh_a than_o the_o former_a and_o to_o bring_v it_o to_o fertility_n mow_v down_o the_o encumber_a weed_n as_o close_o as_o may_v be_v and_o note_v if_o they_o be_v high_a it_o show_v the_o ground_n of_o some_o strength_n but_o if_o low_a weak_a and_o out_o of_o heart_n lay_v they_o thin_a and_o turn_v the_o weed_n you_o mow_v down_o that_o they_o may_v dry_v and_o when_o they_o rustle_v that_o you_o may_v crumble_v they_o bring_v your_o plough_n and_o turn_v up_o your_o furrow_n that_o it_o may_v lie_v flat_a to_o the_o ground_n one_o green_a swarth_a against_o another_o then_o observe_v how_o broad_a your_o furrow_n so_o turn_v up_o be_v or_o the_o ground_n so_o cover_v and_o leave_v so_o much_o space_n unplough_v between_o furrow_n and_o furrow_n so_o that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o green_a balk_v and_o a_o furrow_n and_o have_v go_v over_o the_o land_n in_o this_o manner_n take_v a_o paring-shovel_n and_o pare_v up_o the_o furrow_n about_o two_o inch_n thick_a in_o piece_n of_o three_o foot_n in_o length_n make_v they_o in_o little_a hollow_a hill_n about_o a_o yard_n and_o a_o half_a distance_n one_o from_o another_o ti_o l_o they_o be_v dry_v well_o in_o the_o sun_n or_o wind_n and_o place_v the_o earthy_a part_n upward_o put_v dry_v fern_n under_o they_o and_o set_v they_o on_o fire_n when_o that_o be_v do_v and_o the_o earthy_a part_n sufficient_o parch_v hack_v over_o the_o furrow_n that_o be_v turn_v up_o then_o beat_v and_o spread_v the_o ash_n and_o burn_a clumper_n over_o the_o ground_n mix_v it_o well_o with_o the_o mould_n than_o marle_n it_o plentiful_o which_o do_v plough_v it_o over_o again_o very_a well_o leave_v nothing_o unturned_a up_o and_o then_o the_o fresh_a ground_n mix_v with_o the_o rest_n will_v augment_v to_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o this_o plough_v shall_v proper_o be_v about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o june_n the_o ground_n thus_o dress_v lime_n it_o a_o little_a and_o this_o lime_a will_n much_o abate_v the_o growth_n of_o weed_n or_o any_o other_o encumbrance_n its_o acute_a quality_n dead_v the_o root_n and_o above_o all_o be_v a_o great_a enemy_n to_o thistle_n which_o fern_n ground_n natural_o alter_v into_o after_o this_o it_o require_v a_o three_o plough_v very_o deep_a and_o harrow_v it_o well_o but_o my_o advice_n be_v not_o for_o sow_v wheat_n on_o this_o sort_n of_o ground_n it_o not-being_a proper_a for_o it_o unless_o a_o little_a on_o the_o best_a part_n of_o it_o for_o the_o supply_n of_o your_o family_n because_o it_o have_v not_o much_o more_o strength_n than_o the_o manure_n allow_v it_o but_o it_o will_v bear_v excellent_a rye_n the_o first_o three_o year_n and_o the_o four_o barley_n and_o three_o year_n after_o tolerable_a good_a oat_n the_o eight_o year_n you_o may_v sow_v fetch_n or_o lupin_n and_o for_o three_o year_n after_o it_o will_v be_v tolerable_a good_a grass_n with_o a_o little_a manure_n of_o dung_n or_o slimy_a fat_a cast_v of_o ditch_n or_o pond_n you_o must_v after_o sow_v harrow_n it_o well_o and_o close_o it_o for_o though_o it_o be_v sand_n the_o marl_n and_o lime_n will_v make_v it_o cling_v hard_a together_o the_o weed_n that_o after_o this_o be_v most_o likely_a to_o spring_v up_o with_o the_o corn_n be_v fern_n and_o thistle_n where_o the_o lime_n have_v not_o strength_n to_o settle_v and_o destroy_v they_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o appear_v pull_v they_o up_o and_o lay_v they_o on_o heap_n to_o rot_v and_o make_v dung_n chap._n xiii_o of_o order_v and_o enrich_v barren_a land_n subject_a to_o wild_a briar_n twitch_n and_o bush_n etc._n etc._n these_o land_n remain_v in_o their_o nature_n unprofitable_a art_n and_o industry_n be_v require_v to_o render_v they_o advantageous_a to_o the_o owner_n and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n cut_v up_o these_o shrub_n or_o under_o wood_n as_o close_o to_o the_o ground_n as_o may_v be_v then_o stub_n up_o the_o root_n very_o clean_o and_o they_o will_v in_o a_o manner_n recompense_v the_o labour_n in_o serve_v for_o fuel_n or_o mend_v hedge_n then_o with_o a_o pair_n of_o strong_a harrow_n go_v over_o the_o ground_n and_o lay_v weight_n on_o they_o to_o press_v the_o hard_a on_o the_o surface_n tear_v up_o the_o twitch-briar_n that_o have_v escape_v your_o fight_n as_o also_o the_o rough_a grass_n till_o the_o bare_a earth_n appear_v unlade_v the_o harrow_n as_o they_o be_v cloy_v and_o lay_v the_o refuse_n up_o in_o heap_n on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o ground_n to_o dry_v and_o then_o bring_v they_o on_o the_o ground_n and_o burn_v they_o spread_v the_o ash_n and_o plough_v they_o in_o leave_v no_o part_n of_o the_o ash_n untouched_a with_o your_o plough_n hack_v it_o small_a and_o let_v it_o be_v run_v over_o by_o child_n or_o other_o at_o a_o small_a rate_n to_o gather_v up_o all_o the_o remain_a fibre_n or_o root_n that_o appear_v above_o ground_n burn_v they_o also_o and_o scatter_v the_o ash_n on_o the_o land_n to_o manure_v this_o sort_n of_o ground_n the_o best_a manure_n experience_n approve_v of_o be_v horse_n or_o ox-dung_n straw_n rot_v in_o stable_n or_o cow-house_n with_o the_o scour_v of_o the_o yard_n where_o sink_n come_v and_o cattle_n or_o poultry_n trample_v and_o likewise_o the_o scour_n of_o muddy_a ditch_n pond_n brook_n lake_n where_o there_o be_v fat_a slime_n which_o be_v know_v by_o willow_n grow_v and_o thrive_v about_o they_o mingle_v tâ—is_n with_o the_o first_o manure_n then_o harrow_v it_o even_o and_o sow_v it_o after_o that_o harrow_n it_o again_o well_o and_o it_o will_v produce_v exceed_o rich_a maslin_n or_o mixture_n of_o one_o part_v wheat_n and_o two_o of_o rye_n for_o then_o
lay_v a_o indifferent_a weight_n upon_o they_o to_o keep_v they_o close_o to_o the_o ground_n that_o they_o may_v break_v the_o small_a clumper_n and_o smooth_a the_o earth_n if_o it_o be_v sow_o with_o hemp_n it_o need_v not_o be_v weed_v at_o all_o because_o this_o will_v out_o strip_v and_o choke_v they_o but_o if_o with_o flax_n or_o line_n be_v a_o much_o tender_a seed_n bring_v forth_o many_o more_o tender_a leaf_n and_o branch_n then_o observe_v how_o the_o weed_n spring_v up_o and_o pluck_v they_o away_o till_o the_o flax_n be_v well_o spring_v and_o then_o it_o will_v conquer_v they_o and_o not_o be_v overgrow_v by_o they_o as_o for_o the_o worst_a sort_n of_o ground_n you_o shall_v dress_v it_o as_o you_o do_v the_o clayey_a barren_a ground_n i_o have_v mention_v chap._n beginning_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n there_o appoint_v or_o indeed_o if_o urgent_a occasion_n detain_v you_o from_o it_o you_o may_v plough_v it_o up_o about_o michaelmas_n and_o so_o let_v it_o rest_v till_o march_n and_o that_o be_v the_o proper_a seedtime_n plough_v it_o again_o and_o manure_v it_o as_o the_o clay-ground_n hack_v it_o and_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v rough_a and_o stiff_a harrow_v it_o before_o you_o sow_v it_o that_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v small_a and_o as_o level_v as_o possible_a break_v the_o clots_n if_o any_o remain_n with_o your_o clotting-beetle_n then_o after_o the_o first_o shower_n have_v well_o moisten_v it_o go_v over_o it_o with_o a_o even_o but_o very_o weighty_a rowler_n tread_v the_o ground_n as_o little_a as_o may_v be_v and_o the_o swift_a it_o be_v draw_v the_o better_a it_o will_v crumble_v the_o ground_n under_o it_o as_o for_o weed_n here_o you_o need_v not_o much_o trouble_v yourself_o for_o the_o earth_n purposely_o thus_o order_v be_v a_o enemy_n to_o they_o and_o will_v not_o put_v forth_o any_o nor_o shall_v you_o have_v any_o trouble_n in_o dress_v it_o above_o once_o in_o eight_o or_o ten_o year_n nor_o plough_v it_o after_o the_o first_o year_n but_o at_o seed-time_n if_o you_o can_v get_v with_o drag_v or_o engine_n the_o broad_a black-leaved_n seaweed_n call_v ore-weed_n grow_v in_o great_a tust_n abundant_o about_o the_o seashore_n cover_v the_o land_n with_o they_o and_o so_o plough_v they_o in_o as_o they_o may_v be_v bury_v to_o rot_v in_o the_o earth_n and_o they_o will_v be_v excellent_a manure_n give_v much_o strength_n and_o heart_n to_o the_o ground_n chap._n xxxviii_o to_o order_v hemp_n and_o flax_n when_o ripe_a in_o many_o respect_n to_o the_o best_a advantage_n have_v thus_o treat_v on_o hemp_n and_o flax_n as_o to_o the_o sow_v it_o to_o profit_n and_o advantage_n not_o to_o omit_v my_o former_a method_n i_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o speak_v something_o brief_o as_o to_o the_o order_n it_o when_o ripe_a and_o gather_v as_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o render_v it_o useful_a flax_n when_o grow_v up_o to_o ripeness_n be_v know_v by_o the_o yellowness_n and_o swell_a of_o the_o seed_n on_o the_o top_n at_o which_o time_n gather_v it_o and_o bound_v it_o in_o little_a bundle_n set_v it_o in_o the_o sun_n to_o dry_v that_o the_o seed_n may_v fall_v out_o into_o a_o convenient_a place_n to_o gather_v up_o and_o keep_v they_o for_o use_n viz._n either_o for_o sow_v feed_v bird_n make_v of_o medicine_n oil_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o they_o fall_v not_o out_o spontanious_o you_o must_v rake_v they_o out_o with_o a_o iron_n hatchel_v or_o by_o beat_v with_o a_o pole_n card_v or_o the_o like_a when_o you_o have_v do_v this_o and_o the_o bundle_n be_v well_o dry_v lay_v they_o in_o water_n and_o keep_v they_o from_o float_v by_o press_v they_o down_o with_o weight_n and_o when_o you_o perceive_v the_o wet_a have_v make_v the_o rind_n very_o loose_a conclude_v they_o to_o be_v steep_v enough_o then_o take_v they_o out_o unbind_v the_o bundle_n and_o dry_v they_o in_o the_o sun_n again_o then_o peel_v of_o the_o rind_n and_o hatchel_v it_o on_o a_o iron_n hatchel_v fasten_v to_o a_o block_n with_o many_o long_a iron_n tooth_n and_o beat_v the_o stalk_n till_o they_o become_v loose_a and_o pliant_a so_o that_o they_o may_v in_o dress_v be_v draw_v out_o into_o fine_a short_a thread_n and_o dress_v they_o as_o the_o rind_n though_o upon_o fine_a comb_n or_o hatchel_n have_v for_o this_o purpose_n several_a degree_n of_o they_o as_o to_o fineness_n anoint_v the_o spikes_n or_o tooth_n with_o oil_n that_o they_o may_v slip_v the_o glibber_n and_o so_o you_o may_v bring_v it_o fit_a for_o use_v in_o make_v linnen-cloth_n etc._n etc._n of_o hemp_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n male_a and_o female_a the_o first_o bear_v no_o flower_n but_o a_o seed_n of_o divers_a colour_n the_o latter_a bear_v a_o flower_n the_o stalk_v be_v full_a of_o knot_n out_o of_o which_o proceed_v many_o branch_n sharp_a jagged_a or_o indent_v the_o root_n of_o this_o descend_v into_o the_o ground_n a_o very_a considerable_a depth_n and_o therefore_o it_o require_v deep_a plough_v than_o the_o former_a it_o grow_v very_o fast_o and_o a_o prodigious_a height_n in_o some_o country_n twenty_o or_o thirty_o foot_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o dryness_n of_o its_o nature_n require_v water_n at_o the_o root_n or_o to_o be_v sow_v in_o somewhat_o a_o moist_a ground_n prosper_v the_o better_a the_o thick_a it_o be_v sow_o and_o may_v be_v order_v and_o dress_v in_o all_o respect_n like_o flax_n be_v very_o serviceable_a to_o the_o nation_n chap._n thirty-nine_o how_o to_o plant_v and_o order_n saffron_n for_o the_o improvement_n of_o land_n etc._n etc._n saffron_n be_v not_o the_o least_o to_o be_v consider_v for_o the_o improvement_n of_o ground_n and_o be_v of_o excellent_a use_n in_o medicine_n for_o comfort_v the_o heart_n and_o expel_v all_o ill_a vapour_n that_o have_v death_n for_o their_o attendant_n if_o not_o timely_o remove_v and_o therefore_o if_o for_o no_o other_o reason_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v plant_v cherish_v and_o improve_v but_o there_o be_v other_o for_o it_o bring_v great_a profit_n to_o the_o industrious_a husbandman_n great_o recompense_v his_o labour_n if_o care_n be_v take_v about_o it_o as_o those_o in_o suffolk_n essex_n and_o cambridge-shire_n where_o it_o grow_v in_o abundance_n experimental_o find_v it_o will_v grow_v upon_o indifferent_a ground_n with_o little_a manure_n if_o it_o be_v not_o stiff_a clay_n too_o cold_a or_o wet_a but_o rather_o a_o compound_n most_o incline_a to_o red_a sand_n and_o somewhat_o stony_a though_o a_o fine_a mellow_a mould_n produce_v it_o better_o plough_v this_o well_o and_o make_v the_o mould_n small_a with_o the_o go_v over_o of_o harrow_n and_o beat_v the_o clumper_n lay_v the_o land_n high_a as_o for_o wheat_n with_o convenient_a ridge_n then_o with_o a_o iron_n instrument_n like_o a_o ho_o with_o a_o twelve_o or_o fourteen_o inch_v broad_a bit_n draw_v the_o furrow_n long_a way_n pretty_a deep_a place_v your_o root_n or_o set_v in_o they_o for_o from_o the_o seed_n no_o advantage_n arise_v unless_o they_o be_v transplant_v let_v they_o be_v place_v about_o two_o inch_n one_o from_o other_o and_o set_v about_o three_o inch_n deep_a then_o draw_v another_o furrow_n so_o near_o that_o the_o mould_v turn_v out_o of_o it_o may_v cover_v the_o former_a root_n and_o so_o one_o after_o another_o till_o the_o whole_a be_v effect_v to_o your_o desire_n but_o the_o last_o into_o which_o you_o must_v draw_v what_o mould_n come_v next_o the_o proper_a time_n of_o set_v they_o be_v the_o latter_a end_n of_o june_n or_o beginning_n of_o july_n leave_v range_n or_o space_n between_o the_o furrow_n that_o a_o small_a hoe_n may_v pass_v to_o take_v away_o the_o weed_n all_o winter_n they_o will_v appear_v green_a like_z sives_z but_o in_o the_o summer_n soon_o after_o the_o flower_n decay_v it_o appear_v to_o dry_v or_o wither_v in_o september_n the_o flower_n be_v blue_a and_o lovely_a to_o behold_v come_v up_o without_o any_o green_a leaf_n or_o spire_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o each_o flower_n you_o will_v find_v two_o three_o or_o four_o blade_n of_o saffron_n stand_v upright_o and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o flower_n spread_v itself_o and_o when_o you_o perceive_v they_o thus_o to_o put_v out_o draw_v they_o forth_o between_o your_o finger_n and_o thumb_n and_o put_v they_o into_o a_o thick_a clean_a linnen-bag_n the_o better_a to_o preserve_v the_o scent_n do_v this_o every_o morning_n or_o otherways_o it_o will_v return_v into_o the_o flower_n or_o earth_n and_o you_o can_v with_o any_o conveniency_n come_v at_o it_o till_o the_o next_o morning_n and_o this_o you_o may_v do_v for_o a_o month_n together_o the_o flower_n continual_o increase_v and_o therefore_o the_o number_n of_o your_o saffron-picker_n must_v
mix_v with_o other_o sand_n or_o fine_a fat_a earth_n well_o sift_v from_o stone_n and_o rubbish_n then_o manure_v it_o with_o such_o dung_n as_o you_o have_v that_o may_v be_v proper_a to_o it_o to_o give_v it_o a_o fertilize_a heat_n as_o that_o of_o the_o horse_n ox_n or_o kine_n rot_a straw_n mud_n out_o of_o ditch_n or_o pond_n that_o be_v fat_a and_o slimy_a the_o sweep_a of_o the_o house_n flower_n mill_n barn_n yard_n where_o cattle_n trample_v much_o and_o if_o you_o be_v near_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v a_o excellent_a weed_n call_v hemp-weed_n bear_v broad_a leave_n black_a with_o great_a head_n and_o twist_v like_o peas-straw_n grow_v in_o great_a abundance_n among_o the_o sea-sedge_n on_o many_o coast_n with_o this_o when_o get_v you_o may_v strew_v over_o your_o ground_n already_o plough_v and_o plough_v it_o in_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o manure_n and_o by_o rot_v there_o it_o will_v add_v heat_n and_o strength_n to_o the_o land_n let_v this_o plough_v be_v deep_a than_o the_o first_o with_o large_a furrow_n that_o the_o new_a quick_a earth_n so_o raise_v up_o may_v mingle_v with_o the_o manure_n hack_v and_o harrow_v it_o again_o then_o take_v pigeon_n and_o land-poultries_a dung_n for_o that_o of_o waterfowl_n be_v naught_o and_o sprinkle_v over_o it_o allow_v if_o you_o have_v it_o two_o or_o three_o bushel_n to_o a_o acree_n scatter_v it_o in_o as_o equal_v a_o proportion_n as_o you_o can_v then_o sow_v your_o wheat_n or_o other_o corn_n and_o for_o this_o sort_n of_o ground_n at_o first_o wheat_n be_v the_o most_o thrive_a though_o it_o will_v bear_v other_o sort_n of_o grain_n and_o with_o care_n of_o a_o very_a barren_a and_o useless_a ground_n become_v useful_a and_o very_a advantageous_a to_o the_o owner_n it_o must_v likewise_o be_v clot_v and_o slate_v and_o if_o you_o want_v salt-sand_n or_o salt_n steep_v your_o wheat_n in_o brine_n of_o any_o salt_n and_o it_o will_v produce_v a_o good_a crop_n you_o must_v take_v care_n to_o weed_n it_o and_o gather_v the_o stone_n before_o that_o will_v obstruct_v the_o corn_n from_o rise_v and_o carry_v they_o into_o the_o road_n or_o dry_a ditch_n or_o some_o pit_n proper_a for_o they_o for_o these_o ground_n be_v general_o great_a producer_n of_o stone_n if_o weed_n which_o common_o breed_v in_o wet_a barren_a ground_n grow_v up_o to_o the_o hindrance_n of_o seed_v it_o or_o that_o you_o will_v be_v at_o the_o labour_n and_o cost_n to_o bring_v it_o to_o fruitful_a arable_a ground_n pluck_v they_o all_o up_o with_o your_o hand_n or_o nipper_n of_o wood_n with_o saw-teeth_n shoot_v one_o into_o another_o to_o hold_v they_o the_o fast_o lay_v they_o on_o heap_n dry_v they_o and_o burn_v they_o then_o scatter_v the_o ash_n on_o the_o land_n as_o before_o direct_v plough_v the_o ground_n but_o not_o so_o deep_a as_o the_o first_o yet_o turn_v up_o the_o furrow_n as_o deep_a as_o possible_a you_o can_v and_o if_o it_o lie_v subject_a to_o overflowing_n make_v cross_a furrow_n and_o drain_v into_o ditch_n or_o river_n or_o low_a place_n that_o the_o water_n may_v descend_v and_o be_v carry_v off_o as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v if_o there_o be_v no_o current_n make_v a_o pond_n at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o it_o which_o may_v receive_v the_o water_n but_o this_o will_v do_v but_o little_a if_o it_o be_v much_o subject_n to_o water-flowing_n or_o marish_a spring_n and_o therefore_o if_o you_o will_v use_v it_o for_o corn-land_n you_o must_v find_v a_o way_n to_o carry_v off_o the_o water_n or_o it_o will_v not_o avail_v your_o labour_n and_o cost_n in_o manure_v direction_n for_o which_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o treat_v of_o hereafter_o at_o large_a as_o for_o the_o manure_a it_o must_v be_v as_o the_o former_a and_o so_o all_o the_o particular_n in_o management_n only_o you_o must_v at_o the_o second_o plough_v do_v it_o very_o deep_a to_o hollow_a the_o ground_n that_o the_o water_n may_v the_o better_o soak_v away_o and_o lay_v the_o land_n in_o ridge_n as_o high_a as_o you_o can_v and_o the_o furrow_n as_o deep_a chap._n ix_o to_o improve_v barren_a clay_n simple_n or_o compound_v overrun_v with_o whinne_n with_o the_o particular_a order_v of_o it_o there_o be_v another_o barren_a clay_n no_o matter_n which_o either_o simple_a or_o compound_v that_o be_v pester_v and_o overrun_v with_o whinne_n a_o short_a bushy_a knotty_a prickly_a thing_n not_o grow_v above_o a_o handful_n from_o the_o ground_n yet_o entangle_v in_o one_o another_o and_o spread_v so_o fast_o that_o they_o choke_v the_o grass_n and_o obstruct_v the_o cattle_n from_o feed_v and_o the_o grass_n keep_v thus_o down_o will_v most_o die_v and_o a_o mossy_a scurf_n cover_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o for_o this_o dangerous_a encumbrance_n there_o be_v a_o remedy_n and_o this_o ground_n i_o shall_v instruct_v the_o honest_a farmer_n how_o to_o bring_v to_o bear_v a_o good_a crop_n to_o begin_v this_o work_n worthy_a your_o cost_n and_o labour_n take_v a_o fine_a thin_a paring-shovel_n make_v of_o good_a tough_a iron_n and_o well_o steel_a and_o harden_v round_o about_o the_o edge_n and_o with_o it_o pare_v up_o the_o upper_a swarth_a of_o the_o ground_n about_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a or_o two_o inch_n deep_a turn_v up_o every_o pare_n about_o three_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o as_o broad_a as_o the_o shovel_n will_v convenient_o do_v it_o turn_v the_o whinne_n or_o grassy_a side_n downward_o and_o let_v it_o lie_v in_o the_o sun_n two_o or_o three_o day_n to_o dry_a may_v for_o this_o undertake_n be_v the_o proper_a month_n and_o be_v well_o dry_v on_o the_o earthy_a side_n turn_v it_o and_o let_v that_o well_o dry_a then_o gather_v it_o into_o heap_n and_o twist_v it_o as_o it_o be_v into_o band_n or_o cord_n and_o lay_v it_o up_o round_o and_o hollow_a that_o fire_n be_v put_v under_o the_o hollowness_n may_v easy_o come_v at_o it_o to_o consume_v it_o thrust_v in_o to_o the_o great_a cavity_n which_o must_v be_v like_o a_o oven_n but_o much_o less_o combustible_a dry_a matter_n for_o that_o purpose_n when_o these_o heap_n be_v burn_v break_v they_o as_o bail_v with_o shovel_n and_o beetle_n so_o that_o the_o earth_n may_v mix_v with_o the_o ash_n then_o spread_v they_o on_o the_o ground_n to_o a_o equal_a thickness_n whilst_o they_o be_v hot_a and_o glow_a which_o will_v heat_v the_o earth_n and_o destroy_v the_o fibre_n of_o the_o root_n that_o remain_v either_o of_o the_o whinne_n or_o weed_n this_o be_v do_v plough_v up_o the_o ground_n in_o good_a long_a furrow_n hack_v it_o small_a with_o hacking-hoes_a manure_v it_o and_o further_a order_n in_o all_o particular_n as_o in_o the_o forego_n direction_n for_o goss_n fur_n etc._n etc._n let_v the_o last_o plough_v be_v very_o deep_a especial_o your_o furrow_n and_o let_v your_o harrow_n have_v weight_n on_o they_o to_o press_v the_o hard_a on_o the_o ground_n and_o turn_v up_o the_o remain_a root_n of_o the_o whinne_n which_o be_v drag_v off_o dry_a and_o burn_v as_o the_o former_a scatter_v the_o ash_n on_o the_o land_n and_o if_o the_o harrow_n will_v not_o carry_v they_o to_o the_o land_n end_n have_v some_o boy_n or_o girl_n to_o follow_v the_o motion_n of_o it_o and_o pick_v they_o up_o as_o they_o scatter_v lay_v they_o on_o heap_n in_o the_o furrow_n and_o when_o dry_a bring_v they_o on_o the_o ridge_n of_o the_o land_n and_o burn_v they_o then_o sow_v your_o corn_n mix_v with_o salt_n and_o wood-ash_n and_o this_o ground_n thus_o prepare_v will_v bear_v good_a wheat_n in_o abundance_n in_o the_o space_n of_o two_o or_o three_o year_n then_o sow_v barley_n and_o pease_n and_o bean_n a_o year_n after_o the_o oat_n and_o last_o it_o will_v be_v very_o good_a meadow-ground_n or_o pasture_n for_o the_o space_n of_o three_o or_o four_o year_n after_o and_o then_o you_o must_v manure_v it_o again_o with_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o soil_n and_o it_o will_v continue_v good_a ground_n chap._n x._o to_o dress_v and_o manure_v all_o barren_a clay_n simple_n or_o compound_v encumber_v or_o overgrow_v with_o heath_n or_o ling._n to_o bring_v this_o sort_n of_o ground_n to_o bear_v tolerable_a corn_n or_o grass_n far_o exceed_v the_o charge_n and_o what_o it_o will_v other_o way_n do_v without_o it_o you_o must_v with_o scitche_n or_o sharp_a hook_n but_o old_a scythes_n be_v the_o best_a cut_v down_o all_o the_o heath_n or_o ling_n as_o close_o as_o you_o can_v about_o the_o begin_n of_o may_n and_o let_v it_o lie_v on_o the_o ground_n to_o dry_v then_o spread_v it_o over_o the_o ground_n and_o scatter_v dry_a straw_n on_o it_o and_o by_o set_v it_o on_o fire_n at_o the_o several_a corner_n of_o
the_o earth_n not_o be_v free_a from_o it_o but_o a_o curse_n of_o barrenness_n cast_v upon_o it_o also_o yet_o adam_n be_v send_v forth_o to_o till_o the_o earth_n and_o improve_v it_o in_o the_o sweat_n of_o his_o face_n he_o must_v eat_v bread_n until_o he_o return_v to_o the_o earth_n again_o and_o so_o down_o to_o abel_n the_o one_o husband_v the_o earth_n for_o tillage_n and_o the_o other_o the_o sheep_n in_o pasture_v and_o graze_v and_o so_o down_o to_o noah_n the_o first_o planter_n of_o the_o vine_n he_o begin_v to_o be_v a_o husbandman_n and_o to_o abraham_n and_o to_o jacob_n and_o to_o esau_n and_o so_o along_o from_o the_o patriarch_n till_o they_o come_v to_o the_o government_n of_o king_n where_o vzziah_n commendation_n be_v that_o he_o love_v husbandry_n 2_o chron._n 26.11_o and_o many_o excellent_a thing_n as_o if_o husbandry_n be_v most_o excellent_a as_o indeed_o it_o be_v here_o on_o earth_n where_o solomon_n the_o wise_a man_n be_v the_o second_o husbandman_n or_o improver_n of_o the_o world_n who_o you_o shall_v find_v out_o of_o the_o depth_n of_o his_o experience_n to_o cry_v up_o diligence_n and_o activity_n in_o good_a husbandry_n and_o therefore_o he_o send_v we_o to_o the_o pismire_n declaim_v against_o the_o sluggard_n and_o slothful_a on_o who_o say_v he_o come_v poverty_n as_o a_o arm_a man_n he_o extol_v the_o diligent_a as_o fit_a to_o converse_v with_o king_n when_o the_o idle_a shall_v be_v under_o tribute_n for_o the_o usefulness_n of_o it_o it_o be_v no_o less_o than_o the_o maintenance_n of_o our_o life_n estate_n the_o commonwealth_n and_o a_o advancement_n and_o improvement_n of_o the_o fruit_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o ingenuity_n be_v little_o less_o than_o a_o addition_n of_o a_o new_a world_n for_o what_o be_v gain_v hereby_o either_o above_o the_o natural_a fruitfulness_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o by_o reducement_n of_o that_o which_o be_v destroy_v or_o impoverish_v from_o its_o natural_a fruitfulness_n to_o a_o great_a fertility_n be_v a_o clear_a argumentation_n and_o addition_n to_o the_o honour_n and_o profit_n of_o our_o english_a nation_n all_o other_o calling_n but_o proceed_v hence_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o very_a womb_n that_o bear_v all_o and_o the_o mother_n that_o must_v nourish_v and_o maintain_v all_o the_o merchant_n be_v a_o gallant_a servant_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n he_o fetch_v his_o riches_n from_o far_o and_o he_o be_v a_o worthy_a contributer_n to_o the_o wealth_n and_o prosperity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o he_o produce_v it_o from_o other_o who_o can_v themselves_o make_v great_a profit_n of_o it_o and_o though_o he_o gain_v a_o great_a estate_n yet_o he_o raise_v it_o not_o out_o of_o nothing_o but_o part_n with_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o with_o commodity_n for_o it_o but_o this_o merchant_n of_o husbandry_n he_o raise_v it_o out_o of_o the_o earth_n which_o otherwise_o will_v yield_v little_a unless_o his_o ingenuity_n dig_v and_o sethe_v it_o out_o otherwise_o possible_o it_o have_v never_o be_v so_o discover_v as_o to_o have_v be_v there_o and_o what_o part_n he_o with_o for_o it_o what_o rate_n purchase_v he_o it_o at_o even_o only_o by_o his_o ingenuous_a industry_n and_o with_o the_o wage_n of_o the_o labour_a man_n who_o he_o be_v bind_v both_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n to_o allow_v a_o competent_a maintenance_n oh_o the_o excellency_n integrity_n and_o use_v of_o husbandry_n prov._n 11.26_o a_o blessing_n be_v on_o the_o head_n of_o he_o that_o till_v corn_n and_o the_o thought_n of_o the_o diligent_a bring_v abundance_n to_o conclude_v with_o few_o word_n as_o for_o the_o term_n of_o husbandry_n i_o resolve_v to_o deliver_v myself_o in_o our_o own_o native_a country_n ordinary_a and_o homespun_a language_n not_o slight_v those_o ancient_a term_n which_o be_v use_v in_o several_a country_n the_o better_a to_o acquaint_v my_o countryman_n with_o they_o all_o which_o i_o shall_v do_v as_o brief_o as_o possible_o i_o may_v to_o render_v myself_o acceptable_a to_o my_o reader_n be_v clear_a apprehension_n chap._n i._n how_o to_o know_v the_o goodness_n of_o the_o ground_n many_o count_v that_o to_o be_v the_o best_a ground_n that_o lie_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o hill_n be_v level_a and_o towards_o the_o sun_n in_o cold_a and_o northerly_a country_n it_o be_v good_a to_o have_v the_o land_n to_o be_v east_n and_o south_n lest_o these_o two_o quarter_n be_v hard_o off_o by_o a_o hill_n the_o land_n be_v freeze_v with_o cold_a but_o in_o hot_a country_n it_o be_v better_a to_o have_v the_o ground_n lie_v north_n both_o for_o pleasure_n and_o health_n you_o may_v soon_o know_v the_o condition_n of_o every_o ground_n than_o of_o man_n themselves_o for_o the_o ground_n be_v well_o till_v can_v hardly_o deceive_v you_o to_o know_v the_o nature_n therefore_o of_o every_o ground_n you_o must_v mark_v well_o the_o plant_n and_o the_o yield_v of_o the_o country_n except_o you_o will_v lose_v your_o labour_n look_v whether_o there_o be_v in_o the_o land_n either_o stone_n marble_n sand_n gravel_n raddel_n chalk_n day_n prebile_a or_o carbuncle_n that_o be_v ground_n overheat_v and_o parch_v with_o the_o sun_n which_o will_v burn_v the_o root_n of_o whatsoever_o come_v in_o it_o also_o if_o it_o be_v wet_a or_o weep_a ground_n or_o subject_n to_o such_o other_o inconvenience_n and_o such_o ground_n also_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n be_v good_a or_o evil_n in_o some_o country_n stone_n ground_n be_v altogether_o barren_a especial_o for_o corn_n and_o fruit_n in_o other_o place_n again_o they_o use_v stone_n in_o the_o manure_n and_o better_v of_o their_o ground_n in_o some_o place_n in_o stony_a and_o hilly_a ground_n oat_n do_v prosper_v well_o in_o like_a manner_n also_o in_o all_o country_n you_o must_v regard_v the_o layre_n of_o the_o country_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o seed_n that_o we_o sow_v for_o gravel_n in_o some_o place_n be_v cast_v upon_o the_o ground_n instead_o of_o dung_n and_o some_o thing_n prosper_v best_a in_o gravelly_a ground_n it_o be_v also_o something_o to_o the_o purpose_n whether_o the_o gravel_n be_v white_a red_a or_o yellow_a beside_o pure_a ground_n do_v deceive_v both_o with_o colour_n and_o quality_n in_o some_o country_n the_o black_a mould_n be_v only_o esteem_v in_o other_o the_o fat_a red_a mould_n be_v think_v best_a in_o other_o place_n the_o chalky_a ground_n bear_v good_a corn_n and_o pasture_n very_o well_o in_o some_o place_n the_o thick_a and_o clammy_a ground_n be_v most_o fruitful_a in_o all_o these_o it_o be_v to_o be_v learn_v what_o be_v best_a for_o the_o hilly_a ground_n what_o for_o the_o valley_n what_o for_o the_o till_v what_o for_o the_o lay_v ground_n what_o the_o most_o sedgy_a ground_n require_v and_o what_o the_o dry_a and_o barren_a also_o in_o plant_v what_o ground_n be_v best_a for_o vine_n what_o for_o other_o tree_n what_o delight_v in_o dry_a ground_n and_o what_o in_o moist_a ground_n virgil_n commend_v a_o ground_n that_o be_v fat_a for_o such_o ground_n be_v till_v with_o small_a charge_n and_o labour_n the_o next_o that_o which_o be_v fat_a and_o stiff_a which_o great_o recompense_v the_o husbandman_n travail_n and_o charge_n the_o worst_a be_v that_o which_o be_v dry_a lean_a and_o stiff_a for_o it_o be_v not_o only_o till_v with_o great_a pain_n but_o also_o it_o do_v not_o answer_v the_o husbandman_n expectation_n in_o his_o crop_n neither_o at_o any_o time_n serve_v it_o for_o good_a meadow_n or_o pasture_n and_o therefore_o such_o ground_n be_v not_o to_o be_v meddle_v withal_o also_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o ground_n may_v be_v easy_o perceive_v by_o these_o signâ—_n and_o follow_v token_n for_o a_o cold_a clod_n sprinkle_v with_o a_o little_a water_n if_o in_o work_v with_o the_o hand_n it_o be_v clammy_a and_o cleave_v and_o stick_v to_o the_o finger_n like_o pitch_n when_o it_o be_v handle_v and_o break_v not_o in_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n this_o show_v a_o natural_a fatness_n and_o richness_n to_o be_v in_o it_o beside_o you_o may_v know_v the_o mould_n that_o be_v good_a for_o câ—â—â—_n if_o it_o bear_v bull_n rush_n thistle_n three-leaved_n grass_n dunwort_n bramble_n black_a thorn_n and_o such_o like_a as_o never_o grow_v but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o good_a ground_n as_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o loathsome_a and_o ill-favoured_a weed_n declare_v a_o lean_a and_o a_o bitter_a ground_n fern_n and_o wither_a plant_n a_o cold_a ground_n sad_a and_o heavy_a colour_a a_o moist_a and_o a_o wet_a ground_n a_o raddel_n and_o a_o stony_a ground_n be_v discern_v by_o the_o eye_n a_o stiff_a and_o a_o tough_a clay_n by_o the_o labour_n and_o toil_n of_o the_o oxen._a it_o be_v also_o a_o
sign_n of_o a_o good_a ground_n where_o the_o crow_n and_o pie_n in_o great_a number_n follow_v the_o plough_n scrape_v in_o the_o step_v of_o the_o ploughman_n the_o goodness_n be_v likewise_o know_v if_o at_o the_o sunsetting_a after_o a_o rainbow_n and_o in_o a_o shower_n of_o rain_n follow_v a_o drought_n it_o yield_v a_o pleasant_a succour_n also_o in_o taste_n it_o will_v appear_v if_o taste_v of_o a_o clod_n that_o have_v be_v water_v in_o a_o earthen_a vessel_n you_o find_v it_o sweet_a it_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o a_o rich_a ground_n if_o bitter_a a_o great_a token_n of_o barren_a ground_n if_o it_o be_v saltish_a it_o be_v to_o be_v shun_v and_o not_o to_o be_v use_v you_o must_v take_v notice_n that_o ground_n will_v also_o change_v and_o of_o fruitful_a become_v barren_a which_o have_v be_v see_v in_o several_a place_n of_o our_o country_n beside_o one_o kind_n of_o ground_n though_o it_o be_v never_o so_o fertile_a will_v not_o bear_v all_o thing_n moreover_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v a_o great_a matter_n all_o country_n have_v not_o the_o wether_n and_o air_n alike_o wherefore_o it_o be_v the_o part_n of_o a_o good_a husbandman_n to_o know_v the_o nature_n and_o property_n of_o his_o ground_n and_o to_o mark_v the_o disposition_n of_o it_o for_o every_o season_n of_o the_o year_n he_o must_v also_o consider_v what_o crop_n be_v best_a for_o every_o layer_n some_o ground_n serve_v for_o corn_n some_o for_o meadow_n some_o for_o pasture_n neither_o may_v all_o thing_n be_v well_o sow_o in_o rich_a ground_n nor_o nothing_o in_o barren_a ground_n such_o thing_n as_o need_v not_o much_o moisture_n be_v best_a sow_o in_o light_a ground_n as_o the_o great_a claver_fw-la spery_n chich_n and_o the_o other_o pulse_n that_o be_v pull_v and_o not_o cut_v those_o that_o require_v much_o sustenance_n be_v sow_v in_o rich_a ground_n as_o potherb_n wheat_n rye_n barley_n linseed_n some_o of_o they_o do_v good_a in_o the_o year_n follow_v as_o lupin_n that_o be_v use_v to_o be_v sow_o for_o the_o better_n of_o the_o ground_n there_o be_v difference_n also_o to_o be_v put_v betwixt_o fruit_n for_o pleasure_n and_o such_o as_o be_v for_o profit_n as_o fruit-tree_n and_o flower_n and_o such_o thing_n as_o yield_v both_o pleasure_n and_o sustenance_n and_o be_v also_o profitable_a to_o the_o ground_n you_o must_v choose_v for_o willow_n ofieâ—s_n and_o reed_n a_o wet_a and_o marshy_a ground_n and_o contrary_a where_o you_o will_v have_v corn_n and_o pulse_n that_o delight_n in_o dry_a ground_n sperage_n and_o suchlike_a must_v be_v sow_o in_o shady_a place_n and_o other_o ground_n for_o quickset_n timber_n mast_n and_o fuel_n yea_o such_o ground_n as_o be_v very_o gravelly_a and_o barren_a have_v its_o use_n where_o you_o may_v plant_v birch_n and_o suchlike_a and_o watery_a ground_n where_o you_o may_v set_v alder_n broom_n bulrush_n etc._n etc._n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o dung_v of_o ground_n since_o in_o all_o place_n the_o ground_n be_v not_o of_o a_o like_a goodness_n if_o we_o chance_v upon_o a_o lean_a and_o a_o barren_a ground_n as_o heathy_a brushy_a and_o gravelly_a ground_n we_o must_v endeavour_v to_o make_v these_o fruitful_a and_o to_o mend_v they_o by_o art_n for_o there_o be_v no_o country_n that_o our_o most_o gracious_a god_n have_v leave_v without_o sufficient_a yield_v if_o we_o use_v but_o our_o industry_n which_o may_v be_v happy_o employ_v divers_a way_n principal_o by_o dung_v and_o diligent_a labour_n to_o which_o purpose_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a for_o we_o to_o know_v what_o dung_n do_v most_o enrich_v the_o earth_n the_o most_o expert_a of_o the_o ancient_a husbandman_n appoint_v three_o sort_n of_o dung_n the_o first_o of_o poultry_n the_o next_o of_o man_n the_o three_o of_o cattle_n of_o the_o first_o sort_n the_o best_a be_v have_v out_o of_o dove-house_n the_o next_o be_v of_o pulline_n and_o other_o fowl_n except_o goose_n and_o duck_n which_o be_v hurtful_a the_o ancient_n have_v such_o store_n of_o poultry_n and_o fowl_n as_o the_o dung_n of_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v suffice_v for_o the_o manure_n of_o their_o ground_n the_o next_o to_o this_o be_v man_n ordure_n if_o it_o be_v mix_v with_o other_o rubbish_n of_o the_o house_n for_o of_o itself_o it_o be_v too_o hot_a and_o burn_v the_o ground_n man_n urine_n be_v keep_v six_o month_n and_o pour_v upon_o the_o root_n of_o appletree_n and_o vine_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v very_o fruitful_a and_o give_v a_o pleasant_a taste_n to_o the_o fruit._n in_o the_o three_o place_n be_v the_o dung_n of_o cattle_n whereof_o the_o best_a be_v the_o dung_n of_o ass_n because_o this_o beast_n do_v chew_v with_o the_o most_o leisure_n whereby_o his_o meat_n be_v well_o digest_v be_v make_v the_o profitable_a dung_n next_o to_o this_o be_v the_o dung_n of_o sheep_n next_o of_o goat_n then_o of_o ox_n and_o horse_n the_o worst_a of_o swine_n very_o hurtful_a to_o the_o corn_n but_o use_v in_o some_o place_n for_o garden_n for_o want_v of_o other_o dung_n it_o be_v a_o great_a breeder_n of_o noisome_a weed_n the_o dung_n of_o horse_n likewise_o where_o they_o be_v feed_v with_o barley_n do_v breed_v weed_n the_o lupine_n before_o he_o bear_v his_o god_n be_v most_o commend_v be_v turn_v up_o with_o the_o plough_n or_o mattock_n and_o lay_v in_o bundle_n about_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n or_o vine_n where_o they_o have_v no_o store_n of_o cattle_n they_o use_v to_o mend_v their_o ground_n with_o straw_n and_o fern_n and_o with_o the_o stalk_n of_o lupin_n and_o the_o branch_n lay_v together_o in_o some_o ditch_n hereunto_o you_o may_v cast_v ash_n the_o filth_n of_o sink_n and_o privy_n straw_n and_o other_o thing_n rake_v together_o but_o in_o the_o midst_n you_o must_v lay_v some_o sound_a substance_n against_o the_o breed_n of_o adder_n and_o snake_n also_o hemlock_n walwort_n and_o the_o weed_n grow_v about_o willow-tree_n and_o fern_n with_o other_o such_o rot_a weed_n you_o may_v gather_v and_o lay_v under_o your_o sheep_n they_o that_o dwell_v in_o gravelly_a and_o heathy_a ground_n do_v take_v the_o turn_v of_o the_o earth_n and_o heath_n and_o lay_v they_o in_o heap_n powder_v with_o a_o little_a dung_n suffer_v they_o to_o lie_v and_o rot_v and_o after_o lay_v it_o on_o barren_a ground_n but_o more_o especial_o when_o they_o keep_v great_a store_n of_o sheep_n they_o cast_v into_o their_o fold_n such_o turn_v pare_v from_o the_o ground_n columella_n count_v they_o but_o bad_a husband_n that_o have_v of_o every_o one_o of_o the_o lesser_a kind_n of_o cattle_n less_o than_o a_o cartload_n of_o dung_n in_o three_o hundred_o day_n and_o each_o of_o the_o great_a sort_v ten_o load_n beside_o the_o filth_n and_o dirt_n of_o the_o yard_n this_o be_v also_o to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o that_o the_o dung_n that_o have_v lie_v a_o year_n be_v best_a for_o the_o corn_n for_o it_o both_o be_v of_o sufficient_a strength_n and_o breed_v less_o weed_n but_o upon_o meadow_n and_o pasture_n you_o must_v lay_v the_o new_a because_o it_o bring_v most_o grass_n and_o this_o must_v be_v do_v in_o february_n the_o moon_n increase_n for_o this_o be_v the_o best_a time_n to_o cause_n increase_v of_o grass_n in_o the_o manure_n of_o your_o ground_n look_v that_o you_o lay_v most_o dung_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n for_o the_o rain_n will_v drive_v it_o into_o the_o low_a part_n fast_o enough_o he_o that_o intend_v to_o have_v his_o ground_n to_o bear_v much_o corn_n if_o he_o mean_v to_o sow_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o summer_n must_v turn_v in_o his_o dung_n in_o september_n if_o in_o the_o spring_n he_o may_v lay_v it_o on_o in_o any_o time_n of_o the_o winter_n what_o time_n soever_o he_o do_v it_o he_o must_v look_v that_o the_o wind_n he_o westerly_a and_o the_o moon_n in_o the_o wain_n beside_o he_o must_v be_v sure_a that_o the_o dung_n be_v dry_a when_o he_o lay_v it_o on_o the_o ground_n for_o lay_v it_o on_o while_o it_o be_v moist_a it_o do_v more_o harm_n to_o the_o ground_n than_o good_a as_o daily_a experience_n teach_v now_o as_o the_o land_n will_v wax_v cold_a if_o it_o be_v not_o dung_v so_o will_v it_o be_v dry_v or_o burn_v if_o it_o be_v manure_v yearly_o or_o too_o much_o the_o watery_a ground_n require_v more_o store_n of_o dung_n and_o the_o dry_a ground_n the_o less_o in_o some_o place_n the_o scour_v of_o pond_n and_o ditch_n be_v use_v to_o the_o great_a enrich_n of_o the_o ground_n in_o mountainous_a and_o barren_a land_n they_o make_v their_o land_n fruitful_a with_o lay_v on_o of_o chalk_n but_o long_o use_v of_o it_o make_v the_o ground_n stark_o nought_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v grow_v
a_o common_a say_v that_o ground_n enrich_v with_o chalk_n make_v a_o rich_a father_n and_o a_o beggarly_a son_n the_o river-land_n by_o overflow_a and_o fast_o ground_n with_o muddy_a mingle_v with_o sand_n and_o gravel_n will_v do_v very_o well_o chap._n iii_o the_o nature_n use_v and_o benefit_n of_o marl_n the_o german_n beside_o other_o sort_n of_o enrich_v their_o ground_n do_v in_o some_o place_n instead_o of_o dung_n cast_v upon_o it_o a_o kind_n of_o a_o pitch_n and_o fatness_n of_o the_o earth_n pliny_n will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v first_o devise_v in_o england_n and_o france_n call_v marga_n as_o it_o be_v the_o fat_a of_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v get_v in_o deep_a pit_n but_o not_o alike_o in_o all_o soyl_n questionless_a marle_n be_v a_o very_a useful_a thing_n the_o nature_n of_o it_o cold_a which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o it_o sadden_v the_o land_n exceed_o and_o very_o heavy_a it_o be_v and_o will_v go_v downward_o some_o country_n yield_v marl_n of_o several_a colour_n as_o it_o be_v affirm_v of_o kent_n where_o it_o be_v find_v both_o yellow_a grey_n blue_a and_o red_a the_o blue_n and_o grey_a be_v count_v the_o best_a for_o to_o marle_n together_o i_o hold_v not_o propâ—r_o but_o when_o you_o resolve_v to_o lay_v down_o your_o land_n to_o graze_v be_v sure_a at_o the_o last_o crop_n you_o intend_v to_o take_v which_o may_v be_v two_o or_o three_o more_o after_o marling_n then_o manure_v your_o land_n with_o dung_n which_o will_v open_v lighten_v and_o loosen_v the_o land_n for_o the_o less_o bind_v and_o the_o more_o light_n loose_a and_o open_a the_o more_o fruitful_a it_o be_v so_o that_o it_o will_v produce_v a_o gallant_a clovery_n the_o first_o year_n after_o you_o have_v lay_v it_o down_o upon_o the_o wheat_n or_o mix_v corn-stubble_n you_o shall_v run_v it_o over_o again_o with_o dung_n and_o it_o will_v pay_v treble_a the_o land_n upon_o which_o marl_n be_v most_o natural_a for_o increase_v be_v upon_o the_o high_a sandy_a land_n mix_v of_o gravel_n or_o any_o sound_a land_n whatsoever_o though_o never_o so_o barren_a to_o which_o it_o be_v natural_a and_o nourish_v as_o bread_n to_o man_n life_n chap._n iu._n of_o plough_v the_o part_n of_o the_o plough_n and_o the_o best_a season_n for_o plough_v in_o plough_v and_o order_v and_o right_o prepare_v the_o ground_n for_o seed_n consist_v the_o chief_a point_n of_o husbandry_n the_o most_o experience_a affirm_v that_o the_o first_o point_n of_o husbandry_n be_v to_o prepare_v the_o ground_n the_o second_o to_o plough_v it_o well_o and_o the_o three_o to_o dung_n it_o well_o the_o fashion_n be_v divers_a according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o every_o soil_n and_o country_n all_o great_a field_n be_v till_v with_o the_o plough_n and_o share_v the_o lesser_a with_o the_o spade_n the_o plough_n some_o be_v single_a some_o double_a of_o sundry_a fashion_n according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o country_n some_o be_v with_o wheel_n some_o without_o the_o part_n of_o the_o plough_n be_v the_o tail_n the_o shelf_n the_o beam_n the_o foot_n the_o coulter_n the_o share_n the_o wheel_n and_o the_o staff_n the_o share_n be_v that_o which_o first_o cut_v the_o way_n for_o the_o coulter_n that_o afterward_o turn_v up_o the_o furrow_n where_o the_o ground_n be_v light_a they_o use_v only_o a_o small_a share_n in_o liffland_n they_o have_v for_o their_o plough_n nothing_o but_o a_o fork_n in_o syria_n where_o they_o can_v go_v very_o deep_a they_o use_v as_o theophrastus_n say_v very_o little_a plough_n pliny_n write_v that_o wheel_n for_o plough_n be_v devise_v by_o the_o frenchman_n and_o call_v plugrat_n a_o german_a name_n which_o be_v corrupt_o print_a planarati_n in_o divers_a place_n where_o the_o ground_n be_v stiff_a they_o have_v a_o little_a wing_n on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o coulter_n which_o wing_n be_v to_o be_v remove_v to_o which_o side_n you_o listen_v with_o the_o rod_n or_o staff_n well_o point_v the_o ploughman_n make_v clean_o his_o coulter_n when_o he_o work_v the_o ox_n must_v be_v yoke_v even_o together_o that_o they_o may_v draw_v the_o more_o handsome_o with_o their_o head_n at_o liberty_n that_o their_o neck_n may_v not_o be_v hurt_v this_o kind_n of_o yoke_a be_v better_o like_v of_o many_o than_o to_o be_v yoke_v by_o the_o horn_n for_o the_o cattle_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o draw_v better_o with_o the_o neck_n and_o the_o breast_n than_o they_o shall_v be_v with_o their_o head_n and_o this_o way_n they_o put_v too_o the_o force_n of_o their_o whole_a body_n whereas_o the_o other_o way_n be_v restrain_v by_o the_o yoke_n and_o their_o head_n they_o be_v so_o vex_v and_o hinder_v as_o that_o they_o can_v scarce_o raze_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o horse_n may_v be_v use_v they_o be_v more_o commodious_a for_o the_o plough_n and_o the_o few_o of_o they_o the_o better_a for_o many_o horse_n draw_v too_o hasty_o and_o make_v too_o large_a furrow_n which_o be_v not_o good_a whereas_o we_o see_v the_o ground_n to_o be_v excellent_o well_o plough_v in_o gelderland_n and_o about_o cologne_n where_o they_o plough_v only_o with_o two_o horse_n go_v very_o soft_o in_o france_n and_o other_o place_n where_o they_o plough_v with_o ox_n they_o make_v their_o furrow_n rather_o deep_a than_o broad_a where_o the_o ground_n be_v stiff_a the_o coulter_n must_v be_v the_o great_a and_o the_o strong_a that_o it_o may_v go_v the_o deep_a for_o if_o the_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v turn_v up_o very_o broad_a it_o remain_v still_o whole_a whereby_o neither_o the_o weed_n be_v kill_v nor_o the_o ground_n can_v be_v well_o harrow_v the_o furrow_n ought_v not_o to_o exceed_v one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o foot_n in_o length_n for_o if_o it_o do_v as_o some_o hold_n it_o be_v hurtful_a to_o the_o beast_n because_o it_o will_v be_v too_o wearisome_a to_o they_o but_o this_o rule_n be_v not_o observe_v as_o in_o the_o country_n where_o the_o field_n be_v great_a their_o furrow_n be_v draw_v very_o long_o you_o must_v not_o plough_v in_o wet_a ground_n nor_o when_o after_o a_o long_a drought_n a_o little_a rain_n fall_v have_v but_o wet_a the_o upper_a part_n and_o not_o go_v deep_o if_o it_o be_v too_o wet_a when_o it_o be_v plough_v it_o will_v do_v little_a good_a that_o year_n you_o must_v therefore_o observe_v that_o the_o season_n be_v neither_o too_o dry_a nor_o too_o wet_a for_o too_o much_o dryness_n cause_v it_o that_o it_o will_v never_o work_v well_o for_o either_o the_o hardness_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v resist_v the_o plough_n or_o if_o it_o do_v enter_v it_o break_v it_o not_o small_a enough_o but_o only_o turn_v up_o great_a flake_n hurtful_a to_o the_o next_o plough_v for_o though_o the_o land_n be_v never_o so_o rich_a yet_o if_o you_o go_v any_o depth_n it_o will_v prove_v barren_a which_o be_v turn_v up_o with_o great_a clod_n from_o whence_o it_o proceed_v that_o the_o bad_a mould_n mix_v with_o the_o good_a yield_v the_o worse_a corn._n where_o you_o have_v plough_v in_o a_o dry_a season_n it_o will_v be_v convenient_a for_o you_o to_o have_v some_o moisture_n in_o your_o second_o stir_v which_o moisten_v the_o ground_n shall_v make_v your_o labour_n the_o easy_a when_o the_o ground_n be_v rich_a and_o have_v long_o bear_v water_n it_o be_v to_o be_v stir_v when_o the_o wether_n be_v warm_a and_o when_o the_o weed_n be_v full_o grow_v and_o have_v their_o seed_n in_o their_o top_n which_o be_v plough_v so_o thick_a as_o you_o can_v scarce_o see_v where_o the_o coulter_n have_v go_v utter_o kill_v and_o destroy_v the_o weed_n beside_o through_o many_o stir_n your_o fallow_a be_v bring_v to_o so_o fine_a a_o mould_n as_o that_o it_o shall_v need_v little_a or_o no_o harrow_n when_o you_o sow_v it_o for_o the_o old_a roman_n as_o calumella_n affirm_v will_v say_v that_o the_o ground_n be_v ill_o husband_v that_o after_o sow_v have_v need_n of_o the_o harrow_n moreover_o the_o good_a husbandman_n must_v try_v whether_o it_o be_v well_o plough_v or_o not_o and_o not_o only_o to_o trust_v to_o his_o eye_n but_o to_o experience_n with_o his_o hand_n otherwise_o the_o balk_n be_v cover_v with_o mould_n he_o may_v easy_o be_v deceive_v so_o that_o he_o must_v be_v upon_o certain_a proof_n to_o which_o purpose_n let_v he_o thrust_v down_o a_o rod_n into_o the_o furrow_n which_o if_o it_o pierce_v alike_o in_o every_o place_n it_o show_v that_o the_o ground_n be_v well_o plough_v if_o it_o be_v shallow_a in_o one_o place_n and_o deep_a in_o another_o place_n it_o signify_v that_o the_o ground_n be_v not_o well_o plough_v if_o you_o be_v to_o plough_v upon_o a_o hill_n you_o must_v plough_v overthwart_o
and_o not_o up_o and_o down_o for_o thereby_o the_o inconveniency_n of_o the_o steepness_n be_v meet_v withal_o and_o the_o labour_n both_o of_o the_o man_n and_o cattle_n be_v ease_v but_o herein_o you_o must_v be_v careful_a that_o you_o plough_v not_o always_o one_o way_n but_o sometime_o high_o sometime_o low_o work_v aslope_o as_o you_o shall_v see_v cause_n touch_v the_o season_n of_o plough_v it_o must_v be_v chief_o in_o the_o spring_n for_o in_o summer_n the_o ground_n be_v too_o hard_a and_o in_o winter_n too_o foul_a and_o dirty_a but_o in_o the_o spring_n the_o ground_n be_v mellow_a be_v easy_o to_o be_v wrought_v and_o the_o weed_n be_v then_o but_o turn_v in_o which_o both_o do_v good_a for_o the_o inrichment_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o pluck_v up_o by_o the_o root_n before_o they_o have_v seed_v will_v spring_v again_o and_o therefore_o for_o the_o most_o part_n we_o begin_v to_o plough_v about_o the_o midst_n of_o march_n but_o sandy_a and_o light_a ground_n they_o use_v to_o be_v plough_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o winter_n if_o the_o season_n will_v suffer_v pliny_n be_v of_o my_o opinion_n that_o stiff_a ground_n than_o shall_v be_v stir_v a_o slender_a and_o level_a ground_n subject_n to_o water_n shall_v be_v first_o plough_v in_o the_o end_n of_o august_n and_o stir_v again_o in_o september_n and_o prepare_v for_o sow_v about_o the_o twelve_o of_o march._n the_o light_a hilly_a ground_n be_v not_o to_o be_v break_v up_o in_o summer_n but_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o september_n for_o if_o it_o be_v break_v up_o before_o be_v barren_a and_o without_o juice_n it_o may_v be_v burn_v up_o with_o the_o sun_n and_o have_v no_o goodness_n remain_v in_o it_o wet_a ground_n some_o will_v have_v to_o be_v break_v up_o after_o the_o ides_n or_o beginning_n of_o april_n which_o be_v plough_v that_o time_n shall_v be_v stir_v about_o the_o ten_o of_o june_n and_o after_o again_o but_o those_o that_o be_v skilful_a in_o husbandry_n agree_v that_o in_o the_o ten_o of_o june_n without_o great_a store_n of_o rain_n you_o shall_v not_o plough_v for_o if_o the_o year_n be_v wet_a i_o know_v nothing_o to_o the_o contrary_a but_o that_o you_o may_v plough_v in_o july_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n be_v very_o careful_a that_o you_o meddle_v not_o with_o ground_n that_o be_v over-wet_a chap._n v._n of_o liming_n sanding_n and_o hack_v land_n to_o make_v it_o fruitful_a there_o be_v other_o consideration_n relate_v to_o the_o well_o order_v of_o ground_n than_o what_o i_o have_v already_o touch_v on_o to_o clear_v and_o prepare_v they_o for_o corn_n grass_n pulse_n or_o other_o thing_n useful_a and_o exceed_o profitable_a if_o the_o ground_n be_v barren_a cold_a or_o produce_v weed_n or_o rush_n to_o help_v it_o and_o bring_v it_o to_o a_o moderate_a temper_n of_o improvement_n for_o fruitfulness_n lime_n be_v exceed_o good_a the_o lime-stone_n may_v be_v get_v among_o quarry_n of_o stone_n and_o in_o divers_a other_o place_n you_o may_v burn_v they_o in_o a_o kiln_n in_o the_o most_o convenient_a place_n you_o have_v to_o save_v charge_n of_o carriage_n and_o when_o you_o have_v before_o sand_v your_o ground_n and_o hack_v it_o make_v your_o lime_n small_a and_o on_o every_o acre_n bestow_v between_o thirty_o and_o forty_o bushel_n of_o lime_n spread_v and_o mix_v it_o exceed_v well_o with_o the_o sand_n and_o earth_n and_o the_o strong_a and_o sharp_a the_o lime_n be_v the_o better_a the_o earth_n will_v be_v and_o the_o improvement_n will_v answer_v your_o cost_n and_o labour_n it_o matter_n not_o of_o what_o colour_n your_o lime-stone_n be_v whether_o of_o a_o pure_a white_a or_o of_o a_o grey_a so_o they_o be_v sharp_a and_o strong_a in_o quality_n to_o give_v a_o good_a tincture_n to_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v the_o strength_n and_o goodness_n of_o the_o lime_n not_o the_o beauty_n that_o in_o this_o kind_n bring_v forth_o the_o profit_n and_o indeed_o it_o be_v a_o great_a helper_n to_o cold_a ground_n especial_o clay_n or_o wet_a ground_n and_o this_o be_v a_o great_a preparer_n to_o lay_v dung_n on_o these_o land_n or_o any_o soil_n that_o be_v fatten_v either_o of_o cattle_n or_o such_o as_o be_v cast_v out_o of_o pond_n lake_n or_o muddy_a ditch_n for_o barren_a and_o hard_a earth_n can_v never_o be_v overlay_v with_o good_a manure_n or_o compost_n see_v the_o want_n of_o warmth_n and_o fatness_n which_o these_o produce_v be_v before_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o unfruitfulness_n as_o for_o the_o hacking_n and_o sand_v mention_v the_o first_o be_v after_o the_o ground_n have_v be_v turn_v up_o with_o the_o plough_n to_o go_v over_o it_o with_o a_o long_a hoe_n or_o hack_n and_o cut_v in_o piece_n the_o grass_n that_o you_o see_v turn_v up_o in_o the_o ridge_n or_o furrow_n or_o any_o uneven_a clumper_n that_o it_o may_v be_v drag_v away_o burn_v or_o carry_v together_o with_o the_o weed_n not_o to_o grow_v up_o again_o to_o encumber_v the_o corn_n or_o pulse_n and_o sand_v be_v to_o bring_v load_v of_o sand_n lay_v they_o in_o convenient_a place_n as_o heap_n of_o dung_n and_o spread_v they_o light_o or_o thick_a as_o you_o see_v occasion_n over_o the_o ground_n that_o the_o lime_n mix_v with_o it_o may_v the_o better_a embody_n with_o the_o mould_n and_o rain_v fall_v be_v soak_v in_o a_o good_a depth_n to_o the_o hearten_v the_o ground_n and_o produce_v a_o good_a crop_n to_o encourage_v the_o industrious_a farmer_n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o plough_v and_o of_o harrow_n as_o to_o the_o first_o manner_n of_o plough_v of_o ground_n that_o be_v barren_a for_o the_o improvement_n of_o it_o if_o it_o lie_v free_a from_o water_n as_o common_o all_o even_a barren_a earth_n do_v then_o throw_v down_o the_o furrow_n flat_a and_o between_o every_o of_o they_o leave_v a_o little_a balk_v about_o half_a the_o breadth_n of_o the_o furrow_n and_o so_o go_v through_o and_o plough_v up_o the_o whole_a without_o any_o regard_n to_o difference_n or_o distinction_n of_o land_n but_o if_o there_o be_v danger_n of_o annoyance_n of_o water_n lay_v the_o furrow_n more_o near_a and_o high_a divide_v the_o ground_n into_o several_a land_n proportion_v each_o of_o they_o to_o lie_v high_a in_o the_o middle_n that_o the_o water_n descend_v may_v have_v free_a passage_n on_o either_o side_n and_o when_o you_o have_v hack_v sand_v and_o lime_v it_o as_o before_z direct_v come_v to_o your_o second_o plough_v in_o the_o second_o plough_v penetrate_v the_o ground_n deep_o than_o at_o first_o taking_z as_o the_o husbandman_n call_v it_o a_o good_a stitch_n to_o raise_v up_o earth_n at_o the_o quick_a which_o before_o be_v not_o stir_v make_v your_o furrow_n deep_a and_o great_a lay_v they_o close_o and_o round_a together_o and_o in_o this_o order_n or_o latter_a ear-ring_n be_v sedulous_a to_o plough_v it_o as_o clean_o as_o may_v be_v leave_v no_o baulks_n or_o any_o escape_n and_o as_o you_o plough_v have_v those_o that_o shall_v follow_v to_o run_v it_o over_o with_o a_o second_o hack_v that_o be_v with_o a_o heavy_a share_n ho_o or_o hack_n to_o clear_v or_o kill_v the_o grass_n and_o weed_n as_o also_o to_o lay_v it_o level_n this_o do_v take_v a_o pair_n of_o strong_a iron-teethed_n harrow_n and_o go_v over_o the_o ground_n to_o open_v and_o tear_v that_o which_o be_v plough_v and_o hack_v into_o small_a particle_n and_o raise_v the_o mould_n light_o in_o great_a abundance_n then_o take_v the_o best_a sort_n of_o that_o grain_n you_o think_v fit_a to_o sow_v in_o it_o and_o scatter_v it_o according_a to_o the_o art_n of_o good_a husbandry_n suffer_v your_o sprinkle_v to_o be_v a_o medium_fw-la not_o too_o much_o nor_o too_o little_a the_o seed_n be_v sprinkle_v on_o the_o ground_n make_v your_o second_o harrow_n to_o cover_v it_o close_o and_o well_o be_v careful_a to_o break_v all_o the_o clots_n as_o near_o as_o possible_a raise_v the_o mould_n as_o fine_a and_o high_a as_o may_v be_v that_o it_o may_v cover_v the_o seed_n the_o deep_a and_o prevent_v the_o rain_n wash_v it_o up_o or_o the_o bird_n and_o other_o vermin_n from_o destroy_v it_o for_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o these_o cold_a clayey_a or_o barren_a ground_n if_o not_o light_o raise_v keep_v in_o and_o clog_v the_o seed_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o roughness_n can_v easy_o break_v through_o or_o if_o it_o do_v the_o cold_a at_o the_o root_n starve_v the_o spire_n and_o they_o most_o wither_v away_o if_o not_o help_v by_o proper_a mean_n and_o artful_a labour_n as_o for_o clot_v the_o earth_n it_o be_v very_o proper_a in_o many_o case_n for_o when_o you_o have_v sow_v and_o harrow_v the_o ground_n if_o notwithstanding_o some_o hard_a clumper_n
the_o field_n in_o a_o moderate_a breathe_a air_n the_o fire_n will_v encroach_v to_o one_o another_o and_o meet_v in_o the_o centre_n so_o scorch_v the_o ground_n it_o will_v kill_v the_o weed_n and_o root_n in_o a_o great_a measure_n and_o the_o ash_n manure_v the_o ground_n then_o with_o a_o strong_a plough_n have_v broad_a wing_n share_v and_o a_o even_a coulter_n lay_v the_o land_n large_a and_o the_o furrow_n deep_a not_o as_o yet_o trouble_v yourselves_o to_o pick_v out_o the_o quick_a root_n but_o let_v they_o lie_v in_o the_o furrow_n yet_o hack_v the_o ground_n over_o as_o have_v be_v often_o direct_v and_o in_o this_o case_n with_o your_o hack_n and_o paring-shovel_n when_o the_o ground_n be_v dry_v pare_v the_o furrow_n and_o where_o you_o see_v many_o fibre_n of_o root_n and_o lay_v the_o paring_n to_o dry_a then_o place_v they_o in_o little_a heap_n near_o each_o other_o in_o row_v that_o so_o be_v hollow_v up_o and_o dry_a heath_n put_v under_o they_o they_o may_v burn_v earth_n and_o all_o which_o be_v full_a of_o string_n and_o root_n will_v do_v so_o even_o to_o ash_n and_o this_o be_v spread_v be_v exceed_v profitable_a for_o the_o ground_n and_o be_v plough_v in_o at_o the_o second_o plough_v it_o kill_v the_o remain_a root_n both_o of_o the_o heath_n or_o ling_n and_o weed_n if_o the_o ground_n produce_v any_o have_v dung_v lime_v and_o sand_v it_o before_o when_o the_o ground_n be_v thus_o make_v and_o manure_v and_o the_o wheat-seed-time_n draw_v on_o at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o september_n or_o beginning_n of_o october_n plough_v very_o deep_a at_o the_o second_o plough_v even_o more_o than_o ever_o so_o that_o there_o may_v be_v nothing_o of_o the_o first_o furrow_n remain_v but_o the_o ash_n that_o be_v turn_v up_o which_o be_v cover_v with_o sand_n lime_n or_o manure_v the_o earth_n will_v lie_v very_o plain_a and_o level_a so_o that_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o raise_v up_o new_a furrow_n and_o of_o new_a hacking_n and_o harrow_n 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disperse_v on_o it_o the_o water_n be_v raise_v to_o the_o height_n you_o desire_v cut_v your_o main_a carriage_n allow_v it_o a_o convenient_a descent_n that_o it_o may_v have_v a_o good_a current_n all_o along_o and_o let_v the_o mouth_n of_o it_o be_v of_o breadth_n rather_o than_o depth_n capable_a to_o receive_v the_o whole_a stream_n you_o desire_v and_o when_o you_o be_v to_o use_v a_o part_n of_o the_o water_n let_v the_o main_a carriage_n narrow_a by_o degree_n that_o at_o the_o end_n it_o may_v press_v the_o more_o forcible_o into_o the_o lesser_a carriage_n that_o issue_v all_o along_o from_o it_o and_o at_o every_o rise_a ground_n and_o other_o proper_a distance_n you_o ought_v to_o cut_v small_a taper_a carriage_n proportionable_a to_o the_o distance_n and_o quantity_n of_o the_o land_n or_o water_n you_o design_n to_o fructify_v which_o must_v be_v very_o shallow_a and_o many_o in_o number_n for_o the_o water_n run_v shallow_a and_o swift_o over_o the_o grass_n great_o revive_v it_o in_o the_o next_o place_n observe_v that_o in_o draw_v or_o water_v of_o land_n you_o may_v make_v drain_v to_o carry_v off_o all_o the_o water_n the_o carriage_n be_v on_o and_o therefore_o they_o must_v bear_v some_o proportion_n to_o it_o though_o not_o so_o large_a and_o as_o the_o water_n be_v conduct_v by_o the_o lesser_a carriage_n to_o every_o part_n of_o the_o land_n so_o the_o lesser_a drain_v must_v be_v make_v in_o the_o low_a place_n to_o lead_v the_o water_n off_o and_o as_o the_o carriage_n lessen_v so_o must_v they_o widen_v as_o they_o run_v to_o drain_v the_o water_n well_o off_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o land_n be_v well_o soak_v into_o other_o ground_n for_o if_o water_n be_v leave_v in_o low_a place_n it_o prove_v very_o injurious_a to_o the_o grass_n in_o the_o winter_n it_o kill_v it_o and_o in_o the_o spring_n and_o summer_n much_o hinder_v its_o growth_n breed_v rush_n and_o weed_n though_o when_o drain_v produce_v good_a pasture_n be_v you_o water_n droughty_a land_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n do_v it_o in_o the_o night_n or_o a_o very_a cloudy_a temperate_a day_n take_v it_o off_o again_o before_o the_o sunbeam_n shine_v hot_a upon_o it_o leave_v that_o conspire_v with_o the_o heat_n that_o come_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n deaden_a or_o sicken_v the_o root_n of_o the_o grass_n so_o as_o it_o wither_v and_o flag_n rather_o than_o grow_v to_o any_o great_a advantage_n in_o some_o place_n for_o the_o more_o ease_n of_o water_v you_o may_v have_v the_o opportunity_n to_o command_v a_o small_a stream_n or_o spring_n and_o to_o bring_v it_o down_o by_o carriage_n upon_o the_o land_n and_o proportion_v they_o small_a or_o great_a according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n you_o can_v give_v and_o if_o it_o be_v little_a from_o drill_a spring_n make_v stop_v in_o the_o carriage_n that_o it_o may_v water_v one_o land_n first_o and_o then_o by_o the_o drain_v convey_v it_o to_o that_o which_o lie_v low_o and_o so_o by_o degree_n to_o all_o as_o conveniency_n will_v admit_v and_o the_o small_a spring_n in_o constant_o work_v will_v bring_v much_o improvement_n as_o for_o spring_n that_o produce_v a_o hard_a harsh_a water_n proceed_v from_o alomy_n vitrioline_n and_o coal_n mine_n or_o mineral_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v bring_v on_o land_n unless_o for_o the_o destroy_n of_o rush_n and_o weed_n and_o afterward_o the_o acrimony_n take_v off_o by_o mollify_a water_n or_o well_o dung_v with_o fat_a and_o nourish_a soil_n to_o amend_v the_o barrenness_n and_o produce_v store_n of_o grass_n chap._n xx._n the_o proper_a way_n effectual_o to_o drain_n land_n and_o reduce_v it_o to_o fertility_n either_o arable_a or_o pasture_n when_o land_n be_v much_o encumber_v by_o water_n and_o thereby_o render_v as_o it_o be_v useless_a especial_o where_o there_o be_v a_o superfluity_n of_o venomous_a corrupt_a water_n lie_v in_o the_o earth_n much_o occasion_v bogginess_n you_o may_v nevertheless_o consider_v that_o this_o land_n with_o some_o labour_n and_o cost_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o be_v very_o good_a and_o in_o order_n to_o the_o procure_n of_o it_o to_o be_v so_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o plain_a rule_n and_o direction_n take_v special_a care_n in_o drain_n such_o ground_n especial_o where_o there_o be_v feed_v spring_n and_o observe_v in_o this_o case_n the_o descent_n that_o you_o may_v the_o better_a by_o the_o drain_n take_v away_o all_o the_o water_n from_o the_o bottom_n or_o else_o it_o will_v be_v of_o little_a value_n therefore_o observe_v the_o low_a level_n of_o your_o drain_n and_o so_o low_a that_o you_o may_v draw_v off_o your_o water_n and_o not_o any_o low_a can_v you_o carry_v it_o away_o by_o this_o mean_n therefore_o be_v especial_o careful_a herein_o and_o than_o if_o you_o can_v get_v a_o low_a descent_n from_o this_o carry_v your_o drain_n upon_o the_o level_n till_o you_o find_v certain_o you_o be_v get_v under_o the_o moisture_n miryness_n and_o water_n that_o either_o feed_v the_o bog_n or_o cover_v the_o land_n and_o go_v a_o spade_n graft_n or_o thereabouts_o deep_o and_o so_o you_o need_v not_o tie_v yourself_o to_o a_o dead_a leavel_n but_o as_o the_o moisture_n lie_v high_a or_o ground_n rise_v so_o may_v you_o rise_v in_o the_o work_n your_o drain_n keep_v one_o spade_n graft_v under_o it_o observe_v that_o in_o cold_a rushy_a land_n this_o kind_n of_o water_n that_o create_v much_o barrenness_n be_v find_v beneath_o the_o first_o and_o second_o swarth_a of_o the_o land_n and_o beneath_o that_o you_o most_o frequent_o find_v a_o little_a gravel_n or_o stonyness_n in_o which_o this_o water_n be_v and_o sometime_o below_o these_o in_o a_o hungry_a gravel_n but_o it_o usual_o lie_v deep_a in_o boggy_a land_n than_o in_o rushy_a and_o a_o spade_n graft_v you_o must_v go_v deep_a than_o the_o bottom_n of_o these_o as_o for_o the_o matter_n cause_v the_o bog_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v discover_v sometme_n lie_v within_o two_o foot_n of_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o usual_o within_o three_o or_o four_o though_o some_o lie_v far_o deep_o as_o six_o and_o eight_o or_o more_o and_o have_v find_v this_o spring_n that_o will_v willing_o break_v out_o be_v it_o not_o encumber_v by_o the_o load_n of_o earth_n it_o be_v force_v to_o wheeze_v through_o and_o break_v its_o way_n by_o much_o spread_a dig_v a_o foot_n beneath_o it_o give_v it_o a_o current_n in_o the_o drain_n and_o if_o it_o be_v swift_a it_o will_v suck_v all_o the_o other_o spring_n to_o it_o and_o make_v the_o boggy_a spunginess_n of_o the_o ground_n to_o cease_v so_o that_o in_o a_o little_a time_n a_o dryness_n will_v ensue_v make_v your_o drain_n from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o bog_n trench_v it_o in_o the_o sound_a ground_n or_o else_o in_o some_o low_a ditch_n so_o low_a as_o you_o conceive_v it_o under_o the_o spring_n or_o spewing-water_n then_o carry_v up_o the_o trench_n into_o the_o boggy_a straight_o through_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o one_o foot_n under_o that_o spewing-water_n or_o spring_n upon_o the_o level_n unless_o it_o rise_v high_a for_o many_o time_n it_o rise_v as_o the_o land_n rise_v and_o at_o other_o time_n rise_v very_o level_a even_o to_o the_o head_n of_o the_o bog_n into_o which_o you_o must_v carry_v your_o drain_n or_o within_o two_o or_o three_o yard_n of_o the_o head_n of_o it_o then_o at_o the_o head_n strike_v another_o trench_n overthwart_o both_o way_n at_o the_o middle_a trench_n as_o far_o as_o the_o bog_n go_v all_o along_o the_o end_n of_o it_o continue_v at_o least_o one_o foot_n under_o it_o and_o this_o may_v work_v a_o strange_a alteration_n in_o the_o ground_n without_o any_o more_o trench_v or_o to_o work_v it_o somewhat_o more_o certain_o consider_v after_o you_o have_v bring_v a_o trench_n to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o bog_n then_o cut_v a_o substantial_a trench_n about_o it_o according_a to_o the_o dimension_n of_o the_o bog_n whether_o round_o square_a or_o long_o or_o three_o or_o four_o yard_n within_o the_o boggy_a ground_n for_o so_o far_o it_o will_v drain_v well_o that_o which_o you_o leave_v without_o the_o trench_n underneath_o the_o spring-water_n round_o and_o when_o you_o have_v so_o do_v make_v one_o work_n or_o two_o overthwart_o it_o upward_o and_o downward_o all_o under_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o bog_n and_o in_o a_o year_n at_o further_a your_o desire_n will_v be_v answer_v chap._n xxi_o to_o drain_n fenny_a and_o marshy_a land_n with_o the_o least_o charge_n and_o most_o effectual_o etc._n etc._n fenny_a and_o marshy_a ground_n be_v another_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v and_o great_a advantage_n to_o be_v raise_v by_o well_a drain_n they_o so_o that_o they_o may_v be_v convert_v
to_o pasture_n meadow_n or_o arable_a ground_n for_o of_o this_o land_n a_o vast_a deal_n in_o the_o kingdom_n lie_v waste_v and_o turn_v to_o no_o advantage_n unless_o to_o a_o very_a few_o and_o that_o inconsiderable_a but_o to_o do_v this_o it_o be_v not_o only_o take_v away_o the_o water_n from_o the_o surface_n or_o over_o part_n of_o the_o turf_n or_o swarth_a for_o than_o may_v all_o quagmire_n and_o bog_n be_v easy_o recover_v nor_o be_v it_o take_v off_o the_o downfall_n as_o the_o fen-man_n call_v they_o for_o than_o that_o may_v be_v easy_o do_v and_o yet_o no_o perfect_a draining_n for_o continuance_n no_o nor_o the_o land-falls_a land-flood_n nor_o great_a water_n from_o off_o the_o ground_n nor_o do_v all_o these_o in_o a_o way_n or_o usual_a customary_a manner_n that_o may_v deserve_v the_o right_n and_o proper_a name_n of_o effectual_a draining_n you_o must_v then_o to_o do_v it_o go_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cause_n if_o you_o will_v perform_v the_o cure_n and_o take_v away_o that_o which_o be_v the_o source_n and_o feed_v the_o fen_n or_o moor_n make_v it_o barren_a and_o useless_a by_o corrupt_a and_o unwholesome_a water_n and_o when_o that_o be_v do_v it_o may_v be_v proper_o say_v to_o be_v a_o perfect_a draining_n and_o not_o before_o yet_o the_o other_o be_v not_o to_o be_v discommend_v nor_o discourage_v where_o they_o be_v already_o do_v or_o may_v be_v make_v hereafter_o but_o the_o perfection_n be_v in_o reduce_v it_o to_o soundness_n or_o perfectness_n of_o mould_n that_o the_o wet_a may_v not_o follow_v the_o plough_n or_o it_o only_o bear_v course_n grass_n in_o the_o summer_n be_v overflow_v in_o the_o winter_n but_o this_o be_v well_o do_v whether_o the_o earth_n be_v sand_n day_n gravel_n or_o mix_v earth_n when_o it_o return_v to_o a_o perfect_a swarth_a pure_a turf_n produce_v the_o small_a thistle_n crowflower_n clover_n and_o honeysuckle_n then_o be_v the_o quintessence_n of_o the_o earth_n proper_o prepare_v and_o in_o feed_v and_o corn_v they_o will_v natural_o return_v to_o be_v the_o rich_a of_o all_o your_o land_n as_o appear_v by_o many_o already_o bring_v to_o this_o perfection_n lie_v near_o river_n and_o under_o the_o level_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o most_o of_o the_o ground_n in_o holland_n have_v be_v improve_v this_o way_n to_o a_o considerable_a enrich_n of_o those_o people_n by_o fat_a pasture_n and_o good_a arable_a land_n but_o wave_v some_o objection_n that_o may_v be_v make_v to_o no_o purpose_n by_o such_o as_o be_v not_o desirous_a such_o public_a work_n shall_v go_v forward_o because_o perhaps_o they_o have_v a_o cow_n a_o horse_n or_o a_o few_o sheep_n to_o feed_v as_o commoner_n which_o can_v graze_v sufficient_o about_o the_o edge_n of_o these_o overflow_v land_n i_o shall_v come_v to_o the_o point_n and_o give_v a_o essay_n of_o this_o matter_n which_o well_o put_v in_o practice_n may_v turn_v to_o great_a advantage_n consider_v then_o that_o the_o great_a the_o overflow_a be_v the_o heavy_a it_o lie_v on_o the_o land_n and_o for_o the_o pass_v off_o these_o the_o water-cuts_a and_o work_n must_v be_v proportionable_a and_o the_o labourer_n in_o it_o the_o more_o for_o this_o work_n must_v be_v do_v speedy_o a_o little_a neglect_n set_v it_o frequent_o a_o great_a way_n backward_o if_o the_o work_n be_v considerable_a and_o therefore_o go_v about_o this_o necessary_a improvement_n raise_v such_o bank_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o fen_n as_o may_v keep_v out_o the_o land-flood_n come_v from_o high_a ground_n and_o ditch_n to_o carry_v they_o away_o on_o the_o outside_n into_o some_o adjacent_a river_n or_o watercourse_n that_o carry_v they_o to_o the_o sea_n or_o some_o convenient_a river_n by_o which_o mean_v you_o may_v have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o any_o thing_n but_o the_o proper_a water_n in_o the_o fen_n then_o consider_v how_o to_o draw_v your_o middle_a trench_n which_o be_v the_o main_a to_o the_o best_a advantage_n that_o the_o water_n may_v pass_v from_o other_o into_o it_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o ground_n in_o all_o its_o particular_n as_o to_o its_o ascend_a and_o descend_v its_o level_n and_o hollow_n so_o that_o have_v true_o cast_v every_o thing_n well_o in_o your_o mind_n drain_v the_o water_n off_o by_o trench_n or_o engine_n that_o will_v cast_v it_o a_o pretty_a way_n in_o great_a abundance_n from_o the_o low_a part_n that_o lie_v beneath_o the_o level_n also_o by_o the_o help_n of_o man_n where_o they_o be_v to_o be_v have_v with_o scoup_n and_o bucket_n when_o a_o dryness_n appear_v on_o the_o surface_n and_o it_o be_v visible_a yet_o there_o be_v some_o spring_n search_v for_o they_o and_o when_o you_o have_v find_v they_o do_v in_o all_o respect_v as_o by_o the_o boggy_a ground_n mention_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n and_o as_o for_o the_o small_a hollow_n if_o they_o dry_v not_o it_o matter_n not_o great_o if_o they_o have_v no_o spring_n in_o they_o to_o cause_v a_o overflow_a in_o winter_n for_o they_o will_v serve_v to_o water_n and_o bath_n your_o cattle_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n or_o produce_v a_o numerous_a fry_n of_o fish_n for_o store_v other_o pond_n as_o likewise_o keep_v game_n there_o to_o your_o advantage_n by_o allure_a the_o wild-duck_n goose_n and_o other_o waterfowl_n of_o which_o considerable_a advantage_n may_v be_v make_v but_o be_v very_o careful_a after_o this_o that_o your_o outward_a bank_n break_v not_o to_o let_v in_o the_o land-flood_n from_o the_o hill_n or_o high_a ground_n if_o the_o trench_n be_v necessary_o to_o be_v many_o endanger_v your_o cattle_n fall_v into_o they_o you_o may_v fill_v the_o small_a that_o come_v from_o the_o spring_n to_o the_o great_a with_o pebble_n and_o flint_n about_o two_o foot_n lay_v they_o as_o light_v as_o you_o can_v and_o over_o they_o flag_n rush_n and_o turf_n and_o upon_o they_o earth_n to_o the_o level_n and_o the_o water_n will_v find_v a_o passage_n among_o the_o stone_n as_o in_o a_o vault_n chap._n xxii_o tool_n and_o instrument_n proper_a and_o useful_a in_o the_o work_a part_n and_o order_n of_o draining_n land_n etc._n etc._n the_o first_o thing_n necessary_a be_v a_o good_a line_n about_o 32_o yard_n in_o length_n make_v of_o the_o best_a water-wrought_a hemp_n about_o double_a the_o thickness_n of_o whipcord_n and_o a_o hand-reel_a to_o wind_v it_o on_o that_o you_o may_v draw_v your_o work_n by_o it_o as_o near_o unto_o the_o straightness_n of_o the_o line_n as_o possible_a and_o by_o the_o length_n you_o may_v measure_v your_o work_n by_o the_o rod_n or_o perch_n to_o know_v how_o it_o go_v on_o you_o must_v also_o have_v a_o exact_a water-level_n near_a or_o altogether_o 5_o foot_n in_o length_n which_o instrument_n many_o have_v assay_v and_o make_v some_o open_a with_o a_o channel_n for_o the_o water_n to_o run_v all_o along_o upon_o a_o three_o inch_n board_n with_o sight_n true_a to_o the_o water_n place_v at_o each_o end_n each_o at_o a_o just_a proportion_n from_o the_o water_n to_o direct_v the_o level_n but_o it_o lie_v so_o open_a to_o the_o wind_n and_o be_v so_o troublesome_a in_o remove_v that_o i_o approve_v not_o of_o it_o then_o make_v one_o for_o the_o more_o easy_a carriage_n and_o true_a performance_n of_o this_o work_n to_o fold_v into_o another_o square_a staff_n about_o 5_o foot_n or_o 5_o and_o a_o half_a make_v of_o the_o best_a young_a season_a oak_n the_o level_n or_o barrel_n 4_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a which_o barrel_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o be_v to_o be_v plant_v into_o the_o top_n of_o the_o staff_n and_o so_o much_o of_o the_o one_o part_n of_o the_o staff_n and_o just_o half_a the_o length_n of_o the_o barrel_n take_v away_o with_o a_o rabuting-plain_a or_o mould_v till_o both_o join_v together_o and_o with_o these_o joint_n make_v one_o complete_a straight_a staff_n and_o formable_a only_o about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n taper_n upward_o from_o the_o bottom_n to_o the_o top_n that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v too_o heavy_a and_o the_o sight_n be_v to_o be_v fix_v into_o both_o end_n of_o the_o level-barrel_n that_o so_o they_o may_v stand_v firm_a and_o hold_v water_n and_o yet_o become_v very_o little_a annoyance_n either_o to_o sight_n or_o practice_n and_o in_o carry_v it_o it_o be_v a_o straight_a staff_n with_o a_o strong_a pike_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o to_o stick_v into_o the_o ground_n when_o they_o use_v it_o not_o and_o in_o exercise_n be_v unfold_v not_o much_o unlike_o a_o surveyor_n crossstaff_n the_o next_o useful_a thing_n in_o this_o work_n be_v a_o trenching-plough_n and_o coulter_n who_o particular_a use_n be_v to_o cut_v the_o trench_n on_o both_o side_n with_o great_a
some_o general_a rule_n first_o then_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v whether_o he_o be_v able_a to_o judge_v and_o determine_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o plough-wright's_a and_o smith_n workmanship_n and_o in_o case_n he_o find_v therein_o a_o error_n at_o first_o to_o mend_v it_o which_o be_v then_o easy_o do_v than_o when_o the_o plough_n and_o iron_n be_v wrought_v into_o it_o or_o a_o great_a error_n second_o when_o he_o have_v his_o plough_n and_o all_o other_o accoutrement_n complete_a let_v he_o be_v sure_a to_o make_v his_o first_o trial_n upon_o workable_a and_o regular_a land_n and_o not_o upon_o hard_a rooty_n or_o twitchy_a ground_n because_o upon_o such_o a_o rule_n can_v be_v observe_v nor_o a_o true_a demonstration_n have_v of_o the_o goodness_n and_o truth_n of_o the_o plough_n because_o such_o land_n will_v more_o easy_o writhe_v and_o sudden_o wrench_v a_o new_a plough_n out_o of_o his_o work_n before_o it_o be_v wrought_v into_o it_o but_o when_o he_o have_v try_v and_o well_o scower_v it_o in_o moderate_a land_n he_o must_v bring_v it_o by_o degree_n to_o other_o three_o have_v get_v a_o perfect_a furrow_n his_o plough_n avoid_v all_o earth_n as_o it_o take_v it_o on_o a_o breadth_n carry_v a_o fair_a clean_a furrow_n along_o with_o it_o turn_v it_o cleverly_o from_o it_o let_v he_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o choice_a plough_n and_o clout_n it_o with_o clout_n or_o slip_n in_o all_o the_o wear_a place_n smooth_a and_o even_a strengthen_v it_o with_o a_o iron_n bolt_n at_o the_o neck_n of_o it_o from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o head_n through_o the_o beam_n and_o there_o strong_o draw_v and_o clotter_v fast_o if_o he_o have_v none_o before_o that_o the_o head_n may_v not_o draw_v the_o least_o for_o a_o plough_n have_v be_v draw_v in_o the_o breast_n or_o neck_n it_o probable_o may_v be_v whole_o spoil_v the_o next_o care_n must_v be_v to_o keep_v the_o iron_n sharp_a clean_o wrought_v your_o coulter_n edge_n thiâ—_n ground_n the_o phin_n sharp_a with_o a_o very_a small_a point_n upon_o the_o share_n well_o steel_v and_o temper_v and_o than_o if_o your_o cattle_n be_v well_o match_v or_o size_v it_o will_v go_v with_o abundance_n of_o ease_n and_o celerety_n and_o the_o ground_n be_v well_o plough_v to_o the_o plough-man_n credit_n and_o the_o master_n profit_n last_o he_o must_v be_v able_a to_o judge_v of_o the_o land_n and_o season_n of_o plough_v and_o to_o sort_v his_o several_a plough_n to_o each_o alteration_n or_o at_o some_o season_n he_o will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o plough_n especial_o all_o his_o land_n therefore_o this_o business_n proper_o time_v be_v a_o great_a advantage_n and_o much_o facilitate_v the_o labour_n chap._n xxv_o a_o description_n of_o the_o most_o necessary_a sort_n of_o plough_n use_v for_o tillage_n in_o england_n as_o for_o plough_n there_o be_v several_a sort_n use_v in_o england_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n or_o the_o like_n of_o the_o people_n and_o particular_o four_o sort_n be_v much_o affect_v 1._o the_o single-wheel-plough_n and_o foot-plough_n 2._o the_o wheel-plough_n call_v the_o double-wheel-plough_n 3._o the_o simple-plain-plough_n without_o wheel_n or_o foot_n 4._o the_o dutch-bastard_n or_o plain_a dutch-plough_n many_o other_o sort_n there_o be_v some_o of_o they_o alter_v in_o their_o head_n other_o in_o their_o beam_n some_o again_o in_o their_o stale_n and_o most_o in_o their_o share_n of_o all_o which_o it_o will_v be_v too_o tedious_a to_o discourse_v wherefore_o i_o shall_v proper_o handle_v the_o four_o premise_v in_o this_o chapter_n because_o i_o conceive_v they_o all_o very_a useful_a in_o some_o sort_n of_o land_n or_o other_o but_o to_o my_o purpose_n of_o the_o single-wheel-plough_n the_o single-wheeled-plough_n may_v be_v use_v on_o almost_o all_o sort_n of_o land_n and_o be_v of_o much_o lightness_n and_o nimbleness_n in_o work_v the_o main_a plough-beam_n that_o this_o sort_n of_o blow_n require_v be_v very_o short_a viz._n about_o five_o foot_n and_o must_v be_v make_v of_o strong_a and_o last_a wood_n as_o small_a and_o light_a as_o may_v be_v to_o which_o iâ—_n another_o false_a beam_n ad_v below_o the_o coulter-hole_n under_o the_o other_o and_o fix_v to_o it_o by_o a_o staple_n drive_v up_o into_o the_o true_a beam_n with_o a_o cape_n upon_o the_o false_a beam-end_n and_o some_o other_o way_n which_o false_a beam_n be_v that_o by_o which_o the_o blow_n be_v draw_v give_v a_o opportunity_n by_o a_o standard_n put_v into_o the_o end_n of_o it_o bore_v full_a of_o hole_n and_o pass_v through_o the_o master-beam_n to_o let_v the_o plough_n up_o and_o down_o to_o any_o gage_n of_o depth_n or_o shallowness_n as_o shall_v be_v require_v and_o the_o beam_n be_v proper_a to_o guide_v it_o the_o sheath_n be_v pitch_v very_o forward_o from_o the_o beam_n into_o the_o mould_n of_o the_o share_n who_o share_n as_o i_o may_v term_v it_o be_v make_v as_o long_o as_o the_o head_n shall_v have_v be_v and_o of_o the_o same_o use_n of_o the_o plough-head_n make_v of_o two_o small_a slip_v not_o so_o heavy_a as_o the_o head_n be_v and_o there_o be_v no_o head_n at_o all_o the_o land-handle_a be_v put_v into_o the_o share-mould_n with_o a_o iron_n pin_n as_o also_o be_v the_o plough-sheath_n and_o fix_v there_o fast_o with_o a_o iron_n pin_n and_o the_o share_v forward_o make_v like_o another_o share_n and_o before_o the_o breastplate_n be_v a_o hole_n make_v through_o the_o share_n and_o there_o it_o be_v rivet_v or_o else_o with_o a_o iron_n hook_v put_v into_o a_o long_a iron_n slip_v which_o be_v to_o be_v make_v a_o inch_n or_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a come_v up_o to_o the_o beam_n before_o the_o nose_n of_o the_o shield-board_n run_v through_o it_o and_o be_v clâ—ttered_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o beam_n lie_v on_o the_o shield-board_n and_o the_o shield-board_n be_v compass_v a_o little_a below_o in_o the_o breast_n and_o so_o before_o the_o middle_n begin_v to_o wind_n and_o whelm_v towards_o the_o furrow_n and_o so_o more_o and_o more_o wind_n to_o the_o very_a end_n and_o this_o breast-board_n be_v place_v close_o on_o the_o share_n make_v with_o a_o long_a point_n and_o narrow_a or_o broad_a phin_n as_o the_o land_n require_v and_o sometime_o any_o ordinary_a plain_a share_n may_v be_v use_v and_o place_v on_o the_o head_n as_o other_o plough_n be_v either_o with_o a_o narrow_a point_n for_o stonyness_n or_o gravel_n or_o with_o a_o broad_a plain_a and_o long-sharp_a point_n for_o mix_v sandy_a earth_n the_o pitch_n of_o these_o plough_n be_v about_o two_o foot_n in_o depth_n and_o 8_o or_o 9_o inch_n in_o wideness_n and_o always_o be_v careful_a to_o observe_v that_o the_o upright_a you_o pitch_v your_o plough_n it_o go_v the_o narrow_a and_o the_o more_o hang_v it_o be_v the_o broad_a it_o go_v as_o for_o the_o depth_n i_o can_v conceive_v it_o be_v much_o material_a because_o it_o be_v bear_v up_o from_o the_o false_a beam_n till_o it_o come_v to_o a_o true_a work_a pitch_n and_o a_o iron_n axletree_n be_v plant_v in_o that_o false_a beam_n a_o inch_n or_o a_o little_a more_o in_o circumference_n and_o about_o a_o foot_n long_o 9_o or_o 10_o inch_n before_o the_o end_n of_o the_o false_a beam_n and_o put_v in_o square_a unto_o the_o beam_n that_o so_o it_o may_v be_v very_o fast_o and_o at_o the_o other_o end_n of_o the_o axletree_n run_v a_o wheel_n upon_o it_o about_o 18_o or_o 20_o inch_n and_o sometime_o a_o little_a high_o or_o low_o as_o suit_n best_a the_o dryness_n or_o wetness_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o this_o guide_v the_o plough_n from_o the_o false_a beam_n that_o it_o can_v sting_v or_o draw_v into_o the_o ground_n and_o so_o either_o with_o horse_n or_o ox_n be_v draw_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o false_a beam_n with_o a_o cock_n or_o clavy_n as_o occasion_n require_v it_o that_o which_o be_v the_o standard_n fasten_v to_o the_o low_a beam_n and_o run_v through_o to_o overgage_n the_o plough_n aught_o to_o be_v near_o two_o foot_n high_a and_o in_o the_o overend_n two_o hole_n be_v to_o be_v make_v to_o put_v the_o horse-rein_n through_o to_o come_v fâ—om_o the_o horsehead_n to_o the_o plough-handle_a so_o that_o he_o who_o hold_v the_o plough_n may_v guide_v he_o and_o under_o those_o divers_a remove_v hole_n and_o in_o the_o beam_n one_o or_o two_o equal_a to_o those_o in_o the_o standard_n and_o a_o iron_n pin_n put_v through_o they_o both_o these_o plough_n be_v very_o expeditious_a in_o a_o light_a ground_n manage_v by_o one_o man_n and_o may_v be_v draw_v with_o one_o horse_n to_o plough_v in_o seed-season_n a_o acre_n a_o day_n the_o double-wheel-plough_n be_v extraordinary_a in_o use_n in_o
for_o plough_v a_o man_n may_v in_o light_n sandy_a ground_n turn_v up_o two_o or_o three_o acre_n with_o one_o team_n in_o a_o day_n when_o in_o stiff_a clayey_a ground_n one_o and_o a_o half_a â—s_n a_o sufficient_a day_n work_n and_o in_o very_o light_a ground_n four_o at_o the_o least_o and_o what_o be_v sow_v nay_o be_v harrow_v the_o same_o day_n a_o able_a man_n expert_a in_o mow_v may_v well_o mow_v in_o a_o good_a deep_a loggy_a meadow_n or_o a_o rough_a and_o uneven_a meadow_n about_o a_o acre_n and_o a_o half_a in_o a_o day_n and_o of_o short_a thin_a upland_n meadow_n at_o least_o two_o acre_n each_o day_n as_o for_o move_a barley_n or_o oat_n if_o they_o be_v loggy_a thick_a and_o beat_v down_o to_o the_o earth_n make_v fair_a work_n and_o not_o cut_v off_o the_o head_n of_o the_o ear_n leave_v the_o srtaw_fw-mi still_o grow_v one_o acre_n and_o a_o half_a a_o day_n but_o if_o it_o be_v thick_a and_o upright_o than_o two_o acre_n or_o two_o and_o a_o half_a may_v be_v reasonable_o mow_v if_o the_o corn_n be_v short_a and_o thin_a than_o he_o may_v mow_v three_o and_o somewhat_o more_o without_o overlabouring_a of_o bean_n he_o may_v mow_v as_o much_o and_o of_o pease_n and_o bean_n have_v a_o hook_n to_o follow_v he_o no_o less_o for_o this_o be_v a_o work_n the_o least_o troublesome_a as_o for_o reap_v one_o man_n with_o a_o hinder_v may_v compass_v a_o acre_n of_o wheat_n or_o rye_n in_o a_o day_n if_o it_o be_v choice_a good_a and_o well_o stand_v but_o if_o flat_v or_o beat_v down_o then_o three_o rood_n be_v very_o reasonable_a and_o five_o rood_n if_o it_o be_v thin_a and_o upright_a of_o small_a pease_n fetch_n and_o the_o like_a he_o may_v cut_v up_o two_o acre_n a_o day_n as_o for_o the_o gather_n and_o in_v of_o grain_n it_o can_v be_v well_o proportion_v because_o ground_n bear_v more_o or_o less_o the_o inning_n may_v be_v at_o a_o near_o or_o far_a distance_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v leave_v this_o to_o the_o master_n care_n or_o such_o as_o he_o shall_v appoint_v to_o see_v it_o hasten_v with_o as_o much_o convenient_a speed_n as_o may_v be_v in_o thrash_a corn_n care_n as_o well_o as_o haste_n must_v be_v observe_v and_o if_o the_o corn_n be_v full_a and_o clean_o free_a from_o any_o abuse_n or_o poverty_n in_o the_o grain_n a_o man_n may_v thrash_n and_o order_n four_o bushel_n in_o a_o day_n of_o wheat_n or_o rye_n six_o of_o oat_n or_o barley_n eight_o of_o pease_n or_o bean_n especial_o if_o the_o pease_n be_v full_a and_o in_o plenty_n otherwise_o he_o can_v thrash_v so_o many_o of_o they_o as_o of_o any_o other_o pulse_n for_o though_o they_o require_v as_o many_o stroke_n and_o as_o much_o turn_n yet_o they_o yield_v not_o and_o labour_n be_v bestow_v of_o they_o when_o they_o answer_v it_o not_o as_o for_o the_o labour_n of_o ditch_v a_o man_n may_v in_o one_o day_n ditch_n and_o quickset_n of_o a_o reasonable_a ditch_n three_o foot_n deep_a and_o four_o broad_a a_o rod_n or_o pole_n allow_v sixteen_o foot_n to_o the_o pole_n and_o so_o less_o ground_n of_o large_a measure_n less_o proportionable_a to_o the_o sufficiency_n of_o the_o fence_n undertake_v as_o for_o hedging_n if_o it_o be_v substantial_a and_o good_a viz._n five_o foot_n high_a well_o bound_v thick_o stock_v and_o close_o lay_v two_o pole_n or_o rod_n in_o a_o day_n be_v sufficient_a but_o thin_a and_o low_a then_o double_a or_o equivolent_a to_o a_o proportion_n plash_v and_o make_v quick-fence_n be_v another_o labour_n which_o to_o well_o order_n if_o the_o growth_n be_v high_a and_o well_o grow_v you_o must_v lay_v it_o thick_a and_o close_o strong_o bind_v in_o the_o top_n turn_v the_o quick_a downward_o and_o inward_a and_o of_o this_o a_o rod_n a_o day_n be_v a_o good_a day_n work_n but_o if_o he_o plash_n it_o down_o and_o only_o lie_v it_o along_o regard_v more_o thickness_n than_o comeliness_n or_o order_n than_o he_o may_v do_v as_o much_o more_o with_o ease_n and_o indeed_o the_o care_n of_o fence_v in_o enclose_a country_n be_v one_o principal_a matter_n for_o a_o good_a fence_n once_o make_v and_o settle_v save_v a_o man_n a_o great_a deal_n of_o labour_n and_o trouble_v as_o for_o delve_v or_o ditch_v which_o some_o ground_n require_v where_o wood_n have_v be_v grub_v up_o and_o not_o well_o clear_v of_o the_o spread_a fibre_n of_o the_o root_n then_o of_o very_o difficult_a ground_n if_o it_o be_v to_o level_v he_o may_v dig_v a_o rod_n in_o a_o day_n but_o if_o he_o dig_v very_o deep_a and_o trench_v it_o or_o manure_v it_o as_o be_v proper_a than_o three_o part_n of_o a_o rod_n be_v sufficient_a for_o as_o ordinary_a delve_v require_v but_o one_o spade_n graft_n extraordinary_a to_o take_v up_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o ground_n require_v much_o more_o chap._n xxvii_o the_o variation_n of_o soil_n in_o the_o several_a county_n require_v different_a measure_n to_o be_v take_v in_o agriculture_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v proper_a in_o this_o place_n to_o be_v consider_v that_o there_o be_v a_o variation_n in_o husbandry_n according_a to_o the_o country_n and_o therefore_o there_o may_v be_v difference_n in_o rule_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o divers_a place_n according_a to_o air_n and_o earth_n and_o the_o greatness_n or_o smallness_n of_o the_o heat_n or_o as_o moisture_n and_o cold_a do_v decrease_v or_o diminish_v and_o to_o these_o must_v the_o husbandman_n tune_v his_o season_n labour_n and_o instrument_n for_o in_o stiff_a clay_n of_o which_o all_o the_o fruitful_a valley_n of_o thiâ—_n kingdom_n be_v compose_v as_o also_o in_o huntingtonshire_n cambridge_n shire_n bedford-shire_n and_o many_o other_o all_o manner_n of_o arable_a business_n must_v be_v begin_v early_o in_o the_o year_n and_o the_o plough_n and_o instrument_n to_o be_v use_v make_v of_o the_o large_a size_n the_o timber_n strong_a and_o the_o labour_n great_a and_o painful_a so_o also_o in_o soil_n that_o be_v mix_v and_o very_o good_a and_o fruitful_a as_o hertford-shire_n northamptonshire_n and_o most_o part_n of_o berk_n shire_n essex_n and_z kent_z with_o other_o country_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n arable_a labour_n ought_v to_o begin_v in_o the_o latter_a season_n and_o the_o instrument_n and_o plough_n make_v of_o a_o middle_a size_n and_o the_o timber_n indifferent_a and_o less_o labour_n will_v serve_v than_o in_o the_o former_a but_o the_o light_a sandy_a ground_n have_v a_o natural_a fruitfulness_n in_o they_o as_o surry_n suffolk_n norfolk_z and_o many_o part_n of_o lincolnshire_n hanpshire_n etc._n etc._n the_o arable_a toil_n may_v begin_v at_o the_o last_o season_n and_o plough_n with_o instrument_n may_v be_v of_o the_o small_a and_o light_a size_n the_o timber_n smale_a than_o the_o former_a and_o the_o labour_n less_o as_o for_o all_o barren_a unfruitful_a earth_n as_o in_o cornwall_n devonshire_n many_o part_n of_o wales_n yorkshire_n cheshire_n lancashire_n and_o derbyshire_n and_o the_o like_a the_o plough_v and_o order_v be_v to_o be_v in_o a_o fit_a season_n according_a to_o the_o temperateness_n of_o the_o weather_n which_o if_o it_o happen_v early_o you_o must_v begin_v your_o labour_n at_o latter_a season_n and_o there_o be_v no_o true_a proportion_n to_o be_v give_v here_o for_o the_o plough_n and_o instrument_n but_o they_o must_v be_v frame_v according_a as_o the_o ground_n be_v strong_a or_o weak_a and_o therefore_o rather_o follow_v reason_n in_o these_o thing_n than_o custom_n and_o then_o by_o experience_n you_o will_v find_v less_o labour_n and_o better_a thrive_n chap._n xxviii_o what_o be_v require_v in_o husbandry_n in_o order_n to_o ox_n and_o horse_n for_o tilling_n of_o land_n various_o situate_a etc._n etc._n as_o for_o the_o office_n and_o duty_n of_o a_o husbandman_n it_o require_v great_a care_n and_o diligence_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v speak_v something_o far_o of_o it_o than_o yet_o i_o have_v do_v and_o first_o to_o lay_v his_o land_n to_o his_o own_o profit_n and_o the_o ease_n of_o the_o labour_a cattle_n let_v he_o observe_v if_o his_o arable_a land_n shall_v lie_v against_o the_o side_n of_o any_o steep_a hill_n as_o most_o barren_a land_n do_v not_o then_o plough_v such_o land_n direct_o against_o the_o hill_n begin_v below_o and_o so_o ascend_v upward_o if_o the_o assent_n be_v not_o very_o easy_a for_o this_o will_v so_o weary_a your_o cattle_n and_o make_v they_o irksome_a that_o they_o never_o go_v through_o it_o if_o it_o be_v any_o thing_n considerable_a and_o the_o beat_n and_o toil_v they_o will_v surfeit_v and_o spoil_v they_o but_o on_o the_o contrary_n in_o such_o ground_n plough_v it_o sideways_o overthwart_a the_o hill_n that_o your_o beast_n may_v tread_v on_o the_o level_a ground_n and_o
it_o they_o will_v die_v grasshopper_n in_o some_o measure_n do_v much_o injury_n by_o feed_v on_o the_o leaf_n and_o blossom_n of_o corn_n and_o pulse_n from_o the_o early_a to_o the_o late_a these_o be_v hard_a to_o be_v destroy_v without_o very_o great_a labour_n and_o that_o be_v by_o sprinkle_v the_o corn_n with_o water_n wherein_o wormwood_n rue_n or_o centaury_n have_v be_v boil_v till_o the_o strength_n of_o they_o be_v quite_o take_v out_o by_o the_o water_n and_o if_o they_o bite_v where_o the_o sprinkling_n happen_v they_o will_v die_v and_o the_o scent_n of_o any_o bitter_a thing_n be_v so_o offensive_a to_o they_o that_o they_o be_v never_o sound_v where_o any_o such_o thing_n grow_v mole_n be_v two_o way_n destructive_a to_o corn_n viz._n in_o eat_v the_o root_n and_o root_a it_o up_o not_o make_v distinction_n of_o any_o sort_n but_o take_v all_o alike_o there_o be_v divers_a way_n of_o take_v they_o but_o not_o so_o easy_o when_o the_o corn_n be_v well_o grow_v for_o than_o they_o do_v their_o chief_a mischief_n when_o their_o tract_n or_o the_o cast_n up_o of_o their_o hill_n can_v be_v so_o easy_o discover_v however_o you_o must_v do_v it_o as_o well_o as_o you_o can_v and_o when_o you_o see_v they_o cast_v up_o or_o move_v in_o their_o track_n strike_v they_o with_o a_o iron_n of_o many_o spear_n or_o dig_v pit_n in_o their_o tract_n and_o set_v earthen_a glaze_v pot_n which_o they_o will_v blind_o fall_v into_o and_o can_v scramble_v out_o or_o fill_v a_o earthen_a jugg_n with_o pitch_n rosin_n and_o brimstone_n with_o some_o loose_a tow_n or_o rag_n and_o fire_v it_o clap_v the_o neck_n to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o hole_n and_o the_o air_n in_o the_o earth_n draw_v the_o scent_n to_o a_o great_a distance_n will_v stifle_v they_o or_o mix_v the_o juice_n of_o hellebore_n with_o rye-meal_n scatter_v little_a bit_n in_o the_o furrow_n and_o find_v it_o in_o their_o way_n they_o will_v greedy_o eat_v it_o and_o die_v chap._n xxxii_o to_o prevent_v smuttiness_n in_o corn_n preserve_v it_o against_o blast_n the_o injury_n of_o black_a frost_n snow-water_n mist_n and_o how_o it_o be_v to_o be_v order_v when_o reap_v wet_a there_o be_v other_o mischief_n that_o befall_v corn_n though_o not_o from_o live_a creature_n which_o i_o have_v labour_v to_o find_v some_o suitable_a remedy_n for_o in_o the_o try_v many_o experiment_n to_o prevent_v the_o smuttiness_n and_o mildew_n before_o you_o sow_v your_o grain_n sprinkle_v the_o ground_n over_o light_o with_o chalk_n beat_v very_o small_a against_o blast_n the_o proper_a remedy_n be_v hold_v observe_v the_o season_n when_o they_o usual_o happen_v to_o make_v fire_n of_o stubble_n or_o rot_a straw_n and_o burn_v in_o they_o the_o snip_n of_o old_a leather_n the_o shave_n of_o horn_n and_o a_o little_a brimstone_n so_o advantageous_o on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o ground_n that_o a_o small_a gale_n of_o wind_n may_v carry_v the_o smoâ—k_n and_o spread_v it_o among_o the_o corn_n or_o puâ—e_n this_o will_v likewise_o destroy_v fly_n and_o other_o black_a frost_n be_v very_o injurious_a to_o all_o grain_n the_o pierce_a cold_a chill_a or_o kill_v the_o fertile_a heat_n that_o propagate_v the_o growth_n and_o either_o withers_o or_o stint_v it_o if_o it_o be_v extreme_a and_o without_o snow_n to_o bed_v it_o and_o keep_v off_o the_o bleak_a wind_n there_o be_v no_o better_a remedy_n against_o this_o than_o to_o strew_v ash_n over_o your_o land_n either_o wood_n or_o sea_n coal_n and_o they_o add_v much_o heat_n to_o it_o and_o keep_v off_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o cold_a some_o throw_v rot_v straw_n over_o it_o but_o that_o prove_v a_o great_a encumbrance_n the_o other_o nourish_v the_o ground_n and_o be_v good_a manure_n for_o barren_a earth_n as_o for_o snow_n lie_v on_o the_o ground_n it_o injure_v not_o the_o corn_n but_o upon_o thaw_v the_o water_n be_v of_o a_o harsh_a allomy_n nature_n much_o injure_v the_o root_n if_o it_o lie_v long_o upon_o it_o and_o the_o best_a way_n to_o prevent_v it_o be_v to_o lay_v your_o land_n high_a your_o furrow_n deep_a and_o to_o have_v suitable_a drain_v to_o the_o lowness_n of_o your_o ground_n to_o drain_v it_o away_o as_o fast_o as_o may_v be_v mist_n and_o fog_n be_v very_o offensive_a where_o they_o be_v great_a or_o rise_v from_o ill-scented_n ground_n especial_o from_o fen_n salt-marsh_n standing-pool_n lake_n etc._n etc._n the_o way_n of_o remedy_v this_o evil_n be_v to_o smoke_v the_o land_n in_o the_o evening_n with_o any_o sort_n of_o fuel_n that_o cast_v a_o gross_a thick_a smoke_n which_o will_v in_o some_o measure_n disperse_v and_o dry_v up_o the_o vapour_n that_o will_v otherways_o by_o fall_v on_o it_o be_v poisonous_a and_o offensive_a to_o the_o corn._n of_o corn_n reap_v wet_a there_o come_v great_a damage_n for_o be_v so_o by_o rain_n and_o not_o time_n give_v it_o to_o dry_v abroad_o or_o by_o the_o unripeness_n or_o too_o greerness_n of_o it_o when_o mow_v if_o the_o heat_n be_v great_a thereby_o contract_v it_o often_o set_v it_o on_o fire_n if_o less_o it_o moulder_n rot_n or_o mould_v the_o straw_n and_o grain_n that_o it_o be_v of_o little_a or_o no_o value_n you_o may_v know_v when_o the_o corn_n be_v ready_a to_o reap_v by_o the_o much_o bend_n of_o the_o ear_n dryness_n of_o the_o stalk_v and_o hardness_n of_o the_o grain_n then_o if_o you_o see_v any_o weed_n grow_v up_o among_o it_o that_o be_v but_o of_o a_o moderate_a height_n reap_v it_o as_o soon_o as_o you_o can_v to_o take_v in_o the_o less_o weed_n or_o the_o seed_n of_o they_o to_o encumber_v or_o worsen_fw-mi it_o if_o grass_n be_v grow_v high_a among_o it_o and_o you_o can_v avoid_v reap_v it_o with_o the_o corn_n take_v care_n to_o spread_v it_o thin_a before_o you_o sheave_v it_o and_o dry_v it_o well_o in_o the_o sun_n till_o it_o wither_v and_o become_v as_o hay_n very_o dry_a and_o then_o sheave_v it_o up_o and_o shock_n it_o in_o small_a shock_n then_o when_o it_o have_v sweat_v a_o little_a open_v it_o and_o give_v it_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o air_n that_o it_o may_v yet_o be_v more_o dry_a then_o lay_v it_o in_o great_a shock_n and_o let_v it_o sweat_v again_o and_o so_o open_v it_o and_o when_o it_o be_v by_o this_o mean_n well_o open_v and_o dry_v inn_n it_o but_o sometime_o rain_n or_o great_a mist_n cause_n a_o weakness_n if_o it_o be_v before_o the_o reap_v let_v it_o stand_v somewhat_o long_o in_o expectation_n of_o a_o favourable_a season_n but_o if_o your_o expectation_n be_v frustrate_v and_o by_o the_o abundance_n of_o fall_a rain_n the_o corn_n be_v likely_a to_o be_v beat_v down_o grow_v again_o or_o rot_v you_o must_v make_v a_o virtue_n of_o necessity_n reap_v it_o carry_v it_o home_o and_o have_v air_v and_o dry_v a_o little_a under_o shelter_n you_o must_v have_v kill_v to_o dry_v it_o often_o turn_v and_o shift_v the_o sheaf_n and_o when_o it_o be_v dry_a let_v it_o cool_v well_o and_o mow_v it_o up_o light_o that_o the_o air_n may_v come_v plentiful_o among_o it_o leave_v for_o that_o purpose_n a_o hollow_a in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o mow_n and_o underneath_o and_o so_o it_o will_v be_v keep_v good_a and_o sweet_a chap._n xxxiii_o proper_a direction_n for_o stack_v of_o corn_n in_o the_o true_a method_n to_o keep_v it_o from_o vermin_n fowl_n taking-wet_a or_o mu_v where_o there_o be_v not_o a_o conveniency_n of_o house_n there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o stack_a corn_n and_o care_n must_v be_v use_v for_o the_o well-ordering_a of_o it_o this_o way_n that_o it_o may_v be_v preserve_v with_o the_o least_o loss_n also_o from_o wet_a and_o mould_v for_o a_o moist_a ground_n if_o the_o stack_n be_v unadvised_o place_v on_o it_o without_o any_o other_o remedy_n will_v spo_n l_o at_o least_o a_o yard_n of_o the_o bottom_n and_o therefore_o you_o must_v make_v and_o raise_v your_o ground_n on_o purpose_n with_o gravel_n sand_n and_o pebble_n or_o other_o stone_n not_o subject_a to_o break_v proportionable_a for_o a_o stack_n either_o round_a or_o a_o square_a or_o triangular_a distant_a from_o eavesdropping_a or_o the_o drip_a of_o tree_n and_o so_o that_o the_o violent_a wind_n can_v blow_v the_o rain_n or_o melting-snow_n off_o from_o they_o though_o they_o stand_v at_o some_o distance_n upon_o the_o stick_n yet_o so_o that_o it_o may_v stand_v safe_a shelter_v from_o high_a turbulent_a wind_n that_o will_v arise_v or_o uncover_v it_o then_o upon_o the_o earth_n so_o raise_v above_o the_o level_n of_o water_n occasion_v overflowing_n by_o sudden_a shower_n make_v four_o piece_n of_o stone_n or_o timber_n like_o block_n broad_a on_o the_o lower-end_n and_o narrow_a on_o the_o
top_n of_o equal_a height_n about_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a and_o fix_v the_o lower-end_n a_o little_a in_o the_o ground_n that_o they_o may_v stand_v steady_a then_o lay_v on_o their_o top_n square_v board_n two_o inch_n thick_a and_o three_o foot_n square_v every_o way_n strong_a and_o substantial_a well-seasoned_n and_o free_a from_o warp_a then_o take_v strong_a over-lays_a of_o wood_n and_o lay_v they_o from_o one_o board_n to_o another_o foursquare_a and_o on_o these_o place_n other_o small_a pole_n close_o in_o a_o manner_n to_o each_o other_o and_o upon_o this_o frame_n stack_n or_o mow_v your_o corn_n pease_n bean_n etc._n etc._n as_o near_o for_o conveniency_n to_o the_o thrashing-flore_n as_o may_v be_v make_v the_o stack_n neat_o compact_v and_o upright_o which_o experience_n rather_o than_o print_v direction_n must_v instruct_v you_o in_o and_o you_o will_v if_o you_o be_v a_o little_a careful_a in_o it_o save_o much_o corn_n for_o the_o broad_a board_n at_o the_o corner_n will_v send_v off_o the_o mouse_n by_o their_o hang_n so_o much_o over_o the_o stump_n or_o block_n and_o the_o height_n together_o with_o the_o pole_n will_v prevent_v the_o moisture_n from_o injure_v it_o any_o way_n from_o the_o dampness_n of_o the_o ground_n as_o for_o your_o lay_v your_o corn_n into_o stack_n observe_v to_o turn_v the_o eary-part_n of_o the_o sheaf_n inward_a and_o so_o the_o pigeon_n sparrow_n etc._n etc._n will_v be_v disappoint_v and_o of_o all_o proportion_n of_o stack_n i_o commend_v the_o round_a for_o the_o best_a and_o when_o it_o be_v make_v after_o some_o day_n settle_v you_o must_v thatch_n it_o well_o to_o keep_v out_o the_o wet_a and_o when_o you_o stock_n your_o wheat_n let_v the_o top_n be_v oat_n or_o other_o coarse_a grain_n and_o so_o it_o will_v lie_v in_o great_a safety_n from_o wet_a the_o top_n be_v ever_o in_o most_o danger_n to_o receive_v damage_n fence_v it_o about_o with_o small_a pole_n that_o cattle_n come_v not_o to_o damage_v it_o and_o if_o your_o stack_n be_v very_o long_o you_o must_v have_v more_o pillar_n to_o support_v it_o as_o six_o or_o eight_o chap._n xxxiv_o to_o know_v wash_v corn_n and_o how_o to_o lay_v up_o and_o keep_v it_o to_o the_o best_a advantage_n all_o useful_a sort_n of_o grain_n in_o granary_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o corn_n though_o it_o may_v be_v good_a enough_o for_o grind_v be_v altogether_o nought_o for_o seed_n and_o throw_v away_o the_o husband-man_n labour_n and_o charge_n in_o sow_v it_o because_o it_o will_v not_o prosper_v if_o at_o all_o it_o sprout_v up_o and_o therefore_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o give_v a_o caution_n in_o this_o case_n that_o know_v it_o it_o may_v be_v avoid_v and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o be_v call_v wash_v corn_n such_o as_o grow_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ear_n when_o the_o rest_n be_v smutty_n and_o be_v thrash_v out_o with_o the_o smuttiness_n about_o it_o be_v blacken_v and_o so_o not_o fit_a for_o the_o market_n till_o it_o be_v wash_v clean_o 1._o to_o know_v this_o from_o other_o corn_n take_v up_o a_o handful_n and_o if_o it_o look_v clear_a bright_a and_o shine_v without_o change_n or_o difference_n of_o one_o entire_a colour_n than_o it_o be_v good_a corn_n and_o not_o wash_v 2._o if_o at_o the_o end_v it_o look_v white_a than_o in_o the_o middle_n and_o the_o whiteness_n be_v a_o darkish_a muddy_a colour_n and_o not_o shine_v there_o be_v a_o changeable_a colour_n in_o it_o than_o it_o be_v wash_v corn_n and_o not_o fit_a to_o be_v sow_o 3._o if_o you_o put_v a_o few_o grain_n of_o it_o in_o your_o mouth_n and_o in_o chew_v the_o taste_n be_v sweet_a and_o pleasant_a also_o mellow_a and_o gentle_a between_o your_o tooth_n in_o the_o chew_v than_o it_o be_v not_o wash_v but_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o it_o have_v a_o bitterish_a or_o flashy_a raw_a taste_n grit_v or_o grind_v hard_o between_o your_o tooth_n with_o a_o roughness_n than_o it_o be_v wash_v corn_n also_o when_o corn_n be_v more_o than_o ordinary_a dry_a or_o moist_a those_o be_v sign_n of_o naughtiness_n for_o seed_n though_o not_o so_o bad_a as_o the_o former_a show_v either_o imperfection_n in_o the_o corn_n or_o in_o the_o keep_n of_o it_o for_o good_a corn_n ever_o hold_v a_o indifferent_a temper_n between_o moisture_n and_o dryness_n and_o these_o thing_n ought_v main_o to_o be_v consider_v because_o it_o be_v not_o only_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o seed_n but_o the_o expense_n and_o disappointment_n there_o be_v other_o thing_n very_o material_o to_o be_v consider_v as_o first_o the_o well-keeping_a of_o corn_n which_o be_v twofold_a viz._n in_o the_o ear_n and_o out_o of_o the_o ear_n as_o for_o the_o first_o of_o these_o i_o have_v describe_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o shock_v dry_n and_o stack_v and_o for_o the_o second_o it_o be_v the_o most_o material_a when_o it_o be_v thrash_v out_o and_o well_o dress_v by_o sever_a it_o from_o the_o chaff_n cockle_n or_o any_o offensive_a seed_n of_o weed_n grow_v up_o among_o it_o and_o in_o this_o case_n your_o granary_n or_o other_o place_n of_o keep_v it_o must_v be_v consider_v to_o be_v make_v sundry_a way_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n or_o rather_o nature_n of_o the_o country_n some_o be_v make_v with_o clay_n some_o tread_v with_o straw_n and_o hair_n the_o former_a chap_a small_a and_o such_o like_a but_o these_o i_o like_v not_o for_o they_o soon_o corrupt_v the_o corn_n for_o notwithstanding_o their_o warmth_n which_o be_v a_o preserver_n they_o however_o produce_v such_o dust_n as_o produce_v mite_n weavel_n and_o other_o vermin_n destroyer_n of_o corn_n so_o that_o they_o make_v it_o easy_o rot_v other_o of_o stone_n and_o lime_n be_v subject_a to_o sweating_n in_o wet_a wether_n and_o by_o the_o moistness_n corrupt_v the_o corn._n some_o again_o be_v make_v of_o lime_n and_o brick_n and_o these_o indeed_o be_v very_o good_a to_o prevent_v the_o come_n or_o breed_n of_o the_o weavel_n and_o other_o small_a vermin_n but_o the_o sharpness_n of_o the_o lime_n be_v unwholesome_a for_o all_o sort_n of_o grain_n the_o best_a then_o that_o i_o can_v advise_v to_o for_o the_o keep_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o grain_n be_v that_o make_v of_o plaster_n burn_v and_o bring_v into_o a_o mortar_n so_o that_o by_o the_o work_n of_o small_a stone_n into_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o the_o inside_n and_o outside_n may_v be_v smooth_v with_o the_o plaster_n the_o stone_n be_v hide_v at_o least_o two_o finger_n thick_a on_o each_o side_n and_o all_o the_o bottom_n be_v proper_a to_o be_v plaster_v it_o be_v the_o best_a of_o all_o flores_n for_o the_o keep_n of_o corn_n of_o any_o sort_n place_v these_o kind_n of_o grainary_n as_o near_o as_o you_o can_v to_o the_o air_n of_o the_o fire_n as_o may_v be_v convenient_a for_o the_o plaster_n be_v very_o cold_a yet_o it_o be_v ever_o dry_a and_o so_o free_a from_o moisture_n that_o no_o change_n of_o the_o air_n alter_v it_o in_o that_o particular_a but_o it_o always_o keep_v the_o corn_n in_o one_o state_n of_o dryness_n and_o goodness_n and_o the_o warm_a stand_n of_o it_o in_o winter_n be_v such_o a_o comfort_n and_o the_o natural_a coldness_n of_o the_o plaster_n in_o summer_n that_o it_o temporize_v so_o well_o that_o i_o can_v conceive_v nothing_o better_a for_o the_o preserve_n of_o grain_n where_o this_o conveniency_n be_v not_o or_o at_o least_o you_o will_v use_v hutches_n bin_n or_o dry_a fat_n be_v and_o the_o like_a they_o must_v if_o fit_a for_o use_v be_v make_v of_o dry_a or_o well-seasoned_n oak-board_n very_o plain_o smooth_v close_o join_v and_o glue_v together_o with_o led_n and_o cover_v make_v very_o close_o to_o prevent_v as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v the_o come_v in_o of_o the_o air_n but_o the_o principle_n use_v of_o these_o be_v to_o keep_v malt_n in_o after_o it_o be_v dry_v or_o barley_n to_o be_v ground_n or_o feed_v cattle_n to_o preserve_v wheat_n the_o best_a way_n that_o it_o may_v be_v fâ—ee_a from_o defect_n reap_v it_o in_o seasonable_a wether_n at_o the_o change_n of_o the_o moon_n thrash_n winnow_v and_o dress_v it_o as_o clean_o as_o you_o can_v then_o lay_v it_o in_o the_o plaister-lofts_a or_o granary_n describe_v spread_v it_o about_o a_o foot_n thick_a at_o the_o uppermost_a and_o so_o let_v it_o lie_v and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o four_o or_o six_o day_n at_o the_o most_o turn_v it_o well_o with_o a_o large_a wooden_a shovel_n and_o it_o will_v keep_v sweet_a sound_a and_o good-conditioned_n so_o that_o the_o heat_n sweat_n or_o coldness_n can_v offend_v it_o the_o first_o be_v cool_v and_o temper_v by_o the_o open_n and_o the_o second_o dry_v up_o by_o the_o air_n that_o
and_o the_o pole_n that_o support_v they_o only_o then_o if_o the_o conveniency_n of_o get_v it_o admit_v take_v dry_v fern_n and_o spread_v it_o in_o the_o alley_n of_o a_o pretty_a thickness_n so_o that_o rot_v in_o the_o winter_n it_o will_v much_o comfort_v the_o hill_n and_o be_v good_a manure_n against_o the_o spring_n which_o be_v then_o cast_v about_o they_o will_v very_o much_o strengthen_v they_o and_o make_v the_o plant_n prosper_v the_o hill_n be_v thus_o manure_v and_o cast_v up_o open_v they_o at_o the_o top_n with_o a_o setting-staff_n crumble_v good_a mould_n in_o to_o lie_v loose_a at_o the_o bottom_n and_o then_o put_v in_o the_o best_a hop-plant_n you_o can_v get_v in_o every_o hill_n at_o the_o least_o four_o be_v well_o prepare_v put_v they_o deep_a in_o the_o earth_n and_o cover_v they_o all_o over_o at_o least_o four_o finger_n thick_a and_o if_o the_o earth_n you_o cover_v they_o withal_o be_v mix_v with_o ox-blood_n and_o a_o little_a slack_v lime_n it_o will_v not_o only_o give_v much_o comfort_n to_o they_o but_o preserve_v the_o root_n from_o worm_n and_o other_o virmin_n your_o hopground_n be_v thus_o fit_v and_o plant_v in_o the_o month_n october_n which_o i_o account_v the_o best_a season_n let_v it_o rest_v till_o april_n and_o when_o the_o vine_n of_o your_o hop_n come_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n to_o a_o pretty_a length_n then_o set_v up_o your_o pole_n long_o and_o straight_o of_o any_o convenient_a wholesome_a wood_n and_o in_o do_v it_o observe_v that_o in_o put_v they_o into_o the_o ground_n and_o fasten_v they_o you_o do_v not_o hurt_v the_o root_n of_o the_o hop_n aâ—d_v when_o they_o be_v put_v into_o a_o depth_n that_o they_o may_v stand_v firm_a ram_v the_o earth_n hard_o about_o they_o and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n observe_v they_o be_v plant_v at_o that_o distance_n that_o the_o sun_n beam_n may_v easy_o come_v in_o between_o they_o and_o there_o be_v no_o overshadow_v this_o by_o a_o little_a practice_n may_v be_v perfect_v and_o turn_v to_o great_a advantage_n as_o for_o the_o number_n of_o pole_n to_o be_v place_v on_o every_o hill_n they_o must_v be_v answerable_a to_o the_o vine_n that_o spring_v up_o and_o you_o must_v twine_v the_o tendrill_n about_o they_o so_o that_o grow_v up_o they_o may_v of_o themselves_o wind_n and_o take_v fast_o hold_v not_o leave_v any_o to_o creep_v on_o the_o ground_n for_o they_o turn_v to_o no_o advantage_n as_o for_o weed_n hop-ground_n thus_o manure_v there_o be_v little_a occasion_n for_o it_o by_o reason_n the_o manure_n will_v destroy_v the_o weed_n but_o if_o in_o despite_n of_o this_o any_o sprout_n to_o annoy_v the_o tender_a stion_n you_o must_v cut_v they_o or_o pull_v they_o up_o by_o the_o root_n as_o in_o other_o weeding_n and_o with_o this_o care_n barren_a ground_n will_v yield_v a_o vast_a advantage_n however_o before_o i_o end_v this_o subject_a it_o will_v be_v proper_a to_o tell_v you_o how_o to_o preserve_v they_o from_o vermin_n as_o well_o when_o they_o be_v grow_v up_o also_o chap._n xxxvi_o how_o to_o order_v hop-vine_n gather_v and_o dry_v the_o hop_n after_o the_o best_a manner_n etc._n etc._n if_o when_o the_o vine_n rise_v on_o the_o pole_n any_o of_o they_o happen_v to_o break_v loose_a you_o must_v twist_v they_o again_o towards_o the_o sunrising_n as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v and_o those_o that_o mount_v above_o the_o pole_n be_v account_v for_o the_o best_a and_o if_o you_o perceive_v the_o fly_n or_o any_o other_o infect_v to_o bite_v and_o afflict_v they_o sprinkle_v the_o vine_n with_o water_n wherein_o wormwood_n have_v be_v well_o boil_v and_o it_o will_v preserve_v they_o in_o excessive_a hot_a weather_n water_n the_o hill_n about_o sunset_n and_o continue_v it_o if_o no_o rain_n fall_v till_o they_o blow_v which_o will_v be_v about_o st._n margaret_n day_n and_o at_o lamas-tide_n they_o bell._n when_o you_o observe_v they_o to_o turn_v colour_n some_o soon_o than_o the_o other_o pull_v they_o though_o they_o be_v not_o ripe_a lest_o they_o shed_v and_o come_v to_o nothing_o as_o have_v meet_v with_o some_o blast_n or_o other_o defect_n but_o when_o they_o natural_o do_v so_o and_o in_o a_o full_a season_n be_v ready_a to_o pull_v make_v a_o plain_a place_n in_o your_o hopground_n as_o near_o to_o the_o hill_n as_o conveniency_n will_v permit_v than_o cut_v the_o vine_n close_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pole_n bring_v they_o away_o pole_n and_o all_o by_o cut_v of_o the_o entanglement_n one_o with_o another_o with_o a_o hook_a knife_n at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o long_a pole_n and_o lay_v they_o down_o in_o order_n for_o those_o that_o be_v to_o gather_v they_o to_o pick_v off_o the_o bell_n which_o must_v be_v do_v with_o much_o celerity_n not_o suffer_v they_o to_o stay_v long_o unpul_v either_o in_o rain_n or_o sun_n shine_v during_o the_o gather_n prepare_v your_o kiln_n heat_v with_o straw_n or_o small_a dry_a wood_n and_o spread_v they_o on_o it_o in_o such_o good_a or_o ler_n that_o they_o may_v easy_o dry_v which_o you_o may_v know_v by_o their_o bitterness_n or_o crumble_a between_o your_o hand_n however_o never_o permit_v they_o to_o continue_v on_o the_o kiln_n more_o than_o twelve_o hour_n and_o keep_v hot_a your_o kiln_n night_n and_o day_n till_o your_o whole_a gather_n be_v dry_v and_o take_v they_o thence_o let_v they_o lie_v on_o a_o floor_n a_o day_n or_o two_o to_o give_v before_o they_o be_v sack_v or_o bag_v up_o or_o else_o they_o will_v shed_v their_o seed_n wherein_o the_o great_a virtue_n lie_v and_o also_o the_o leave_n be_v apt_a to_o crumble_v and_o break_v off_o the_o vine_n be_v cut_v away_o bare_a and_o the_o root_n to_o the_o middle_n lay_v open_a shake_v a_o little_a mould_n mix_v with_o horse-dung_n and_o let_v they_o continue_v so_o all_o the_o winter_n and_o in_o so_o order_v a_o acre_n in_o a_o year_n that_o hit_v which_o be_v certain_o every_o three_o will_v yield_v 1200_o weight_n of_o hops_n and_o treble_v the_o charge_n you_o be_v at_o chap._n xxxvii_o flax_n and_o hemp_n good_a improver_n of_o land_n how_o to_o manure_v the_o ground_n for_o they_o sow_n and_o order_v they_o there_o be_v great_a improvement_n to_o be_v make_v on_o barren_a land_n by_o manure_v it_o proper_a for_o the_o well-growing_a of_o flax_n and_o hemp_n commodity_n so_o useful_a and_o very_a profitable_a to_o this_o nation_n and_o for_o these_o you_o must_v however_o choose_v proper_a ground_n for_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n that_o natural_o refuse_v to_o bear_v these_o viz._n the_o rich_a stiff_a black_a tough_a and_o solid_a fast_a mould_n who_o extraordinary_a fertility_n give_v such_o a_o overplus_n of_o surcharge_n to_o the_o seed_n increase_v that_o either_o through_o rankness_n it_o run_v all_o into_o bun_n and_o have_v little_a or_o no_o rind_n or_o else_o the_o seed_n be_v tender_a the_o sod_a and_o heaviness_n of_o the_o mould_n bury_v it_o that_o it_o labour_v in_o vain_a to_o get_v out_o the_o other_o opposite_a to_o it_o be_v the_o most_o extreme_a barren_a ground_n which_o will_v not_o bear_v this_o nor_o any_o good_a seed_n and_o of_o these_o i_o propose_v to_o treat_v for_o such_o as_o will_v natural_o bear_v they_o i_o need_v not_o spend_v time_n upon_o as_o for_o the_o first_o of_o these_o then_o though_o it_o be_v very_o good_a for_o corn_n yet_o for_o hemp_n and_o flax_n it_o must_v be_v reduce_v and_o to_o begin_v to_o do_v it_o plough_v it_o up_o with_o a_o strong_a plough_n fit_a for_o such_o ground_n and_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o may_n if_o the_o weather_n be_v seasonable_a and_o the_o ground_n not_o too_o hard_a sow_v the_o seed_n if_o it_o be_v hard_a you_o must_v wait_v for_o some_o gentle_a shower_n so_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v mollify_v then_o hack_v it_o after_o plough_v and_o break_v the_o clod_n in_o small_a piece_n then_o if_o you_o can_v get_v any_o salt_n sea-sand_n sand_n it_o plentiful_o over_o but_o for_o want_v of_o that_o sand_n it_o with_o the_o best_a red_a sand_n you_o can_v get_v and_o upon_o every_o acre_n so_o sand_v sow_v three_o bushel_n of_o bay-salt_n then_o plough_v it_o again_o to_o mix_v well_o the_o sand_n and_o salt_n together_o and_o this_o last_o plough_v be_v proper_a a_o little_a after_o michaelmas_n and_o then_o let_v it_o rest_v till_o seedtime_n and_o then_o plough_v and_o hack_v over_o the_o ground_n sow_v it_o either_o with_o hemp_n or_o flax_n as_o you_o think_v be_v most_o for_o your_o advantage_n harrow_v it_o well_o into_o a_o fine_a mould_n and_o clot_n it_o with_o a_o clotting-beetle_n then_o after_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o first_o great_a shower_n run_v it_o over_o with_o the_o back_n of_o your_o harrow_n
then_o well_o harrow_v about_o four_o bushel_n will_v sufficient_o sow_v a_o acre_n which_o do_v you_o must_v cover_v it_o with_o a_o harrow_n very_o fine_a and_o break_v all_o the_o clots_n pick_v the_o stone_n and_o rubbish_n off_o the_o ground_n that_o it_o may_v come_v easy_o up_o the_o proper_a time_n of_o sow_v be_v in_o the_o middle_n or_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o march._n after_o the_o land_n be_v sow_v and_o it_o begin_v to_o spring_v up_o as_o soon_o as_o any_o weed_n appear_v they_o must_v be_v take_v out_o and_o be_v from_o time_n to_o time_n keep_v as_o free_v from_o they_o as_o may_v be_v and_o when_o the_o leaf_n be_v come_v to_o full_a growth_n which_o will_v be_v some_o time_n soon_o and_o at_o other_o late_a as_o the_o seasonableness_n of_o the_o year_n produce_v dryer_n or_o moist_a you_o must_v cut_v it_o up_o and_o carry_v it_o to_o the_o mill_n to_o be_v ground_n and_o when_o it_o be_v so_o make_v it_o up_o in_o little_a ball_n and_o dry_v they_o well_o for_o use_v and_o good_a woad_n in_o a_o seasonable_a year_n may_v very_o probable_o yield_v five_o or_o six_o crop_n and_o ordinary_o four_o and_o three_o and_o the_o winter_n crop_n be_v excellent_a for_o sheep_n keep_v they_o from_o the_o rot_n and_o many_o other_o disease_n it_o likewise_o contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o prepare_v the_o ground_n very_o well_o for_o corn_n and_o good_a estate_n have_v be_v get_v by_o it_o the_o best_a woad_n have_v be_v sell_v from_o twenty_o to_o thirty_o pound_v a_o tun._n chap._n xlvii_o improvement_n of_o land_n by_o sow_v mad_a and_o how_o to_o order_v it_o mad_a be_v a_o very_a good_a improver_n of_o land_n and_o be_v much_o use_v in_o die_v there_o be_v but_o one_o kind_n of_o it_o which_o be_v manure_v and_o set_v for_o use_n but_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n like_o it_o as_o goosegrass_n soft_a cliver_n crosswort_n lady_n bedstraw_n &c_n &c_n which_o have_v all_o leave_n like_o mad_a and_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v a_o wild_a kind_n of_o it_o it_o have_v long_a stalk_n and_o trail_a branch_n on_o the_o ground_n rough_a and_o full_a of_o joint_n and_o every_o joint_n set_v with_o green_a rough_a leave_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o star_n the_o flower_n grow_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o branch_n of_o a_o faint_a yellow_a colour_n after_o which_o come_v the_o seed_n round_o and_o green_a the_o root_n creep_v far_o in_o the_o upper_a crust_n of_o the_o earth_n one_o root_n entangle_v into_o another_o and_o when_o it_o be_v green_a and_o fresh_a the_o root_n be_v of_o a_o red_a colour_n small_a and_o tender_a and_o although_o it_o bear_v a_o seed_n yet_o in_o this_o country_n it_o come_v not_o to_o perfection_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v plant_v from_o the_o set_v that_o be_v to_o be_v get_v from_o the_o mad_a and_o the_o season_n of_o get_v or_o draw_v they_o be_v march_n and_o april_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v spring_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n about_o three_o inch_n every_o sucker_n have_v some_o spines_n of_o root_n grow_v from_o it_o be_v slip_v from_o the_o main_a root_n as_o soon_o as_o you_o have_v draw_v they_o put_v they_o into_o a_o convenient_a basket_n with_o some_o fine_a mould_n and_o hasten_v they_o to_o the_o ground_n where_o they_o be_v to_o be_v set_v for_o the_o soon_o they_o be_v set_v the_o better_a they_o prosper_v the_o ground_n they_o best_o thrive_v in_o must_v be_v very_o rich_a warm_a and_o a_o deep_a soil_n dig_v two_o spade_n graft_n and_o two_o woveling_n also_o and_o when_o it_o be_v rake_v and_o lay_v very_o even_o then_o draw_v very_o straight_a line_n or_o furrow_n tread_v out_o in_o long_a bed_n about_o four_o foot_n broad_a from_o one_o end_n of_o your_o work_n unto_o the_o other_o set_v they_o about_o one_o foot_n asunder_o every_o way_n and_o if_o it_o be_v a_o dry_a spring_n they_o must_v be_v keep_v water_v till_o they_o recover_v their_o fade_a wan_a complexion_n you_o may_v begin_v to_o dig_v your_o ground_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o winter_n and_o so_o all_o along_o to_o the_o time_n of_o set_v weed_z it_z and_z ho_o it_o till_o it_o have_v get_v the_o mastery_n of_o the_o weed_n and_o then_o it_o will_v destroy_v they_o set_v they_o by_o a_o line_n for_o a_o good_a evenness_n with_o a_o setting-stick_a crumble_a in_o light_a mould_n to_o fill_v up_o the_o vacancy_n and_o if_o any_o die_v you_o must_v fill_v up_o the_o vacancy_n for_o they_o come_v not_o to_o their_o natural_a perfection_n under_o three_o year_n and_o the_o first_o and_o second_o year_n keep_v they_o hoe_z and_o you_o may_v gather_v set_v from_o they_o almost_o as_o many_o as_o you_o have_v set_v for_o the_o root_n will_v bear_v it_o by_o take_v firmness_n in_o the_o ground_n and_o well_o spread_v so_o that_o these_o set_v will_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n supply_v other_o ground_n chap._n xlviii_o wood-land_n and_o enclosure_n improve_v and_o the_o great_a advantage_n make_v thereby_o enclosure_n and_o wood-land_n be_v of_o great_a advantage_n to_o the_o husbandman_n not_o only_o in_o supply_v he_o with_o timber_n for_o his_o own_o use_n in_o building_n and_o sale_n but_o with_o underwood_n for_o hedging_n fuel_n and_o the_o like_a for_o himself_o and_o neighbour_n to_o increase_v enclosure_n and_o pass_v away_o the_o bitter_a cold_a of_o the_o winter_n with_o keep_v good_a fire_n beside_o tree_n may_v be_v plant_v and_o will_v flourish_v in_o place_n where_o corn_n or_o grass_n or_o any_o other_o profitable_a thing_n will_v not_o kind_o grow_v beside_o when_o the_o land_n be_v clear_v of_o wood_n they_o prove_v much_o better_o and_o yield_v great_a plenty_n of_o corn_n with_o a_o little_a manure_n than_o many_o that_o have_v be_v long_o till_v lie_v round_o about_o they_o they_o also_o yield_v pleasant_a and_o delightful_a prospect_n to_o the_o eye_n serve_v as_o cool_v shade_n to_o retreat_n in_o in_o the_o summer_n and_o in_o the_o winter_n prove_v shelter_n to_o the_o house_n barn_n and_o land_n lie_v near_o they_o from_o 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