Selected quad for the lemma: ground_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
ground_n	flower_n	leaf_n	stalk_n	3,783	5	11.5025	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A52618	An account of several late voyages & discoveries to the south and north towards the Streights of Magellan, the South Seas, the vast tracts of land beyond Hollandia Nova &c. : also towards Nova Zembla, Greenland or Spitsberg, Groynland or Engrondland, &c. / by Sir John Narborough, Captain Jasmen Tasman, Captain John Wood, and Frederick Marten of Hamburgh ; to which are annexed a large introduction and supplement, giving an account of other navigations to those regions of the globe, the whole illustrated with charts and figures.	Narbrough, John, Sir, 1640-1688.; Tasman, Abel Janszoon, 1603?-1659.; Wood, John, Captain.; Martens, Friedrich, 1635-1699.; Robinson, Tancred, Sir, d. 1748.	1694 (1694)	Wing N154; ESTC R18669	230,732	472

hardly discern it to be Scurvy-grass but afterwards we found it in its full perfection and it seeded in the Month of July It is observable that the Leaves of this Herb have but little sharpness at Spitzbergen and therefore it is much weaker than the Scurvy-grass of our Countries so that we eat it instead of Salads in Spitzbergen which we could not do our Scurvy-grass My Figure is like that cut given in the Third Book and the 35 th Chapter of the German Herbal of Matthiolus See Tab. H at a. CHAP. VI. Of an Herb like Stone-crap THis Plant is doubtless a kind of a Stone-crop but the Leaves are rough or hairy not so thick nor so juicy as ours are neither doth it burn or bite like unto ours Before the Flower fully appears it looks like unto that of Esula but when it is quite blown and opened it is of a purple Colour and hath sometimes five sometimes six and sometimes I have seen nine Leaves the Stamina of the Flower I did not tell neither did I ever see the Seeds thereof The Root thereof is very small and one Plant grows close to the other We found this Herb on the low Lands of the English Haven Afterwards we found abundance of it amongst the Mosses on the 26 th of June In the Tab. F. it is marked with c and in the Tab. I. with a. CHAP. VII Of a Snake-weed THis is small Snake-weed and is found very rarely in Spitzbergen the undermost Leaves of this Plant are the biggest but they are not above the bredth of ones Nail they grow singly on the Stalk yet not above three of them except the lowermost the nearer the Flower the smaller they are they have within not far from the edge many small knobs or spots answering to the points of the Leaves wherein the Veins or Nerves are terminated besides the Leaves are not quite plain but somewhat rumpled at the brims Out of the Root sprouts forth sometimes single and sometimes double Stalks as you may see in the Cut and this by-stalk is always somewhat lower than the chief Stalk The Flower grows in a close Spike with many small Flesh-coloured Flowers it was so smal that I forgot to tell the Leaves thereof The Seeds were not then come to maturity The Root sheweth of what kind the Plant is and wherefore it may be called Bistorta or Snake-weed for it lieth twisted in the Ground it is about the thickness of your little Finger where thickest hath small Fibers is brown without and Flesh-coloured within and of an astringent Taste I found this Herb in the Danish Harbour on the 18 th of July My Figure agrees most with that which Camerarius hath given in the Fourth Book and Third Chapter of Matthiolus it s marked with a in the Tab. I. CHAP. VIII Of an Herb like unto Mouse-ear THis Herb bringeth forth smooth edged Leaves by pares they are rough and like Mouse-ear The Stalks are smooth at their first putting out but afterwards they grow rough where the uppermost Leaves grow they are roundish at the bottom At the end of the Stalk groweth a white Flower out of its Perianthium the number of its Leaves I did not tell nor had I time enough to observe the Seed The Root is round and slender with small and tender Fibers It seemeth this Plant should belong unto the hairy or rough Alsine and perhaps it may be the third or fourth kind of the hairy Alsine of Dodoneus in the Fifth Book the Tenth Chapter of his first Latin Herbal if the Leaves of his were not cut as these are not I gathered this Plant in the South Haven on the 17 th of July See d in Tab. G. CHAP. IX Of a Plant like unto Periwinkle THis Plant runneth upon the Ground and bringeth forth roundish Leaves by pairs on creeping Stalks The Leaves as I think are like those of Periwinkle but they are somewhat rounder and the largest of them are bent in before The Stalk is somewhat knotty and woody The Flower appeareth at first wrapt up like a Leaf but after it is grown out a little more one may see it to be a Flower it grows out between the Leaves on the same Stalks The colour and shape of these Flowers I could not at that time observe because they were not yet blown much less could I gather the Seed The Root is long slender round woody and knotty it hath small branched Fibers at the bottom I found it in the South Bay behind the Cookery of Harlem on the 19 th of June and 17 th of July Since I neither saw the Flower nor Seeds and in probability it would have put forth more Leaves I cannot determine whether it be the Pyrola minima whereof Clasius giveth us a Cutt and Description in the Fifth Book of his rare Plants in the 20. Chapter or whether is may be Pseudochamae buxus of the Hortus Eichstetensis which is given by Clusius in the 72 th Chapter of the before-mentioned Book by the Name of Anonymos Coluteae flore and accurately described and Camerarius in his Hortus giveth it us under the Name of Anonymos Pervincae folio In the Tab. G. it is marked with b. CHAP. X. Of an Herb like a Strawberry THis agreeth in its Leaves with the Strawberry for it hath three cut Leaves on the end of the Stalks and its Flower hath commonly fives Leaves seldom but four and is like a Strawberry Flower the Stalks are round and rough and so are the Leaves On the Stalks you see two Leaves one against the other of a differing figure and bigness for one looketh like a Hand and the other like a Finger the size also is different for some have but three Fingers and others have more The Flower is yellow the Leaves of the Flowers ar roundish how many I observed not The Root is woody somewhat thick with small Fibres a little scaley at the top it tastes dry and astringent like Tormentill In the Herbals I could find none liker it than that which Lobelius calleth Fragaria Sylvestris minime Vesca sive sterilis and in the universal Iferdumish Herbal in the 70 th Chapter of the 17 th Book by the Name of Fragaria non fragisera vel non vesca yet it differs in the Flower and Leaf for the Leaves in my Plant are cut deeper and the Flower of his is white In Tab. H. it is marked with b. THE FOURTH PART OF THE VOYAGE TO SPITZBERGEN OF THE ANIMALS OF Spitzbergen The PREFACE of the Animals but chiefly of the Birds in general THE Animals of Spitzbergen here described are either those with two or with four Legs About Spitzbergen also are some Creatures that live only in the Water and have no Legs except one would take their Fins that are about their Breast for Legs because as hereafter shall be shewn their Fins are jointed like Legs underneath the Skin Some live in the Water and also upon the Ice and Land

a half into the Land in the Valleys between the Rocks grows abundance of wild Pease which had green leaves and blewish blossoms both tasting like green Pease-leaves in England growing on vines and tangled together also very sweet smelling Herbs much like Tares very green and white and yellow Flowers likewise green Herbs much like Sage but grow in knots near the ground like Lettice these Herbs with the Pease-leaves made a good Sallad to refresh such as were inclining to the Scurvy for want of which fresh Trade several of my Men were falling into it Here are abundance of very good Muscles and Limpets on theRocks and an Island frequented by many Seals and Fowls in the River were pied Divers as big as Ducks some of them grey and black shags Ducks and other Sea-Fowls breed on them amongst the Rocks and Bushes to day I went upon one of these Islands and caught as many young black Shags in their Nests as loaded the Pinnace when I have discovered better the particulars of the Fowls and other things seen here I will mention them hereafter Night coming on and it beginning to blow hard I went aboard with Herbs Fowls and what else I had got to day and divided all things equally among the Company the Boys Dividend being as large as my own or any Man's it blew very hard this Evening and looked very black in the South-west an ordinary gale I kept a Light out all Night in the Poop for the Pink this day all the Company eat of young Seals and Penguins and commended them for good Food I judged this a very fit Harbour to fit the Ship in for the main Mast must be unrig'd and a new gang of shrouds fitted and Ballast be had and it might be a means to fall in with the Pink for from the tops of the Hills we could see a great way into the Sea so that if she should come near the Coast we could not miss her We found 2 Springs of fresh Water one in a Valley close by the Water-side in a gully above the Ship half a mile up the River the other up a Valley between the Rocks just a-brest where the Ship rode about half a mile from the River's side right from Coopers-Bay in the same Valley these Springs are but small and the Water 's a little brackish or saltish for in the dry Valleys the Earth is naturally saltish the Ground and Rocks have a white Rhime of Salt-petre hanging on them I went into the Land 2 miles North-west and saw the Country hilly and dry Land without Wood or Water some craggy Rocks and Valleys low but dry and of a Salt-petre nature here and there some Bushes with prickly Branches and Leaves like White-Thorn Bushes in England the lesser Bushes have small dry Gauls growing o● them with a small dry Seed as hot in the Mouth as Pepper not a Tree to be seen the Soil is gra● velly and sandy generally with tufts of dry feared Grass growing on it I digged in several places but saw nothing but gravelly Sand and Rocks no sort of Metals or Minerals I looked also among the broken Rocks for Metals but saw no sign of any from the tops of the Hills I could see a great way into the Land which is all Hills and Downs like Cornwall toilsom travelling to those that were not used to it I could travel as far in an hour as many of my Men could in two to day we saw nine Beasts feeding on the Grass very like Deer but larger and had longer Necks but no Horns reddish coloured on the Back and aloft whitish under their Bellies and up their Flanks when we had got within a Furlong of them they fell a neighing like Horses one answered another and then all run away Tuesday March 1. Fair Weather this Morning Wind at North a fine gale and a cold Air. This Forenoon I filled the Casks out of the Spring and dug them deeper I set up a long Pole with a white Cloath upon it on a Hill near a mile into the Land where 't was most likely to be seen by the Inhabitants with it I left Beads a Looking-glass a Knife a Hook and an Hatchet to invite the People of the Country to shew themselves for I was willing to see 'em that I might discover what they had but through I went about the Hills this Afternoon I could see neither People Fire nor Smoak I saw three Ostriches but could not get near enough to make a shot at them they were feeding on Grass and at first sight of me ran ●way I had a Greyhound with me which I turn'd loose upon 'em who gave Chase to one of them and at last gave her a turn which she recovered took to the Hills and so escaped they are grey coloured and larger than a great Turky-cock in England they can't fly but have long Legs and trust to their running I saw two handfuls of Wooll among the Grass where the Natives had made a Fire it was the Spanish red Wooll which they bring out of India and very fine I brought it away with me and set the Greyhound at 3 of the large Beasts like Deer but they were too swift for him Night coming on I returned on Board at 7 a Clock this Night the Wind came to the North a fresh gale and hasey Weather no sight of the Pink to day I could see a long way on the Sea at 10 a Clock it rain'd and the Wind came to the South-East Friday March 4. Fair Weather this Morning the Wind at East a fine gale I went ashore and filled fresh Water the rest of the Seamen fitted rigging this day at 12 a Clock I went with both the Boats and forty Men to Seal-Island into the Harbour every Man with his Staff and Club we landed drove the Seals up together beset them round and in half an hours time killed four hundred young and old striking them on the head kills them presently as soon as they were knocked down we cut their throats that they might bleed well whilst they were hot then loading both the Boats with them I carried them to the Bay where the Tent was landed and laid them upon the Rocks to Night the Boat fetch'd them all off the great Male Seals are as big as Calfs and resemble a Lion in their shaggy Necks Heads and Faces as well as in their Roar the Females are like Lionesses before only they are hairy all over like a Horse and smooth and the Male is smooth all over his hind-parts their shape is very deformed for their hind-part tapers till it come to a point where grow two Fins or Feet two more grow out of their Breast so that they can go on Land a great pace and climb Rocks and Hills of a good height they delight much to lie and sleep ashore some are very large upwards of eighteen Foot in length and thicker about than a But in the Bilge and excessive fat there are

Red Sorrel I mean that which was shewed to me at Bremen by the Dutch Gardener which was of the same size but the Leaves of that of Spitzbergen are Red. I desire the courteous Reader to accept at present of these for a Sample to shew him that on these rough barren and cold Mountains there yet grow some Plants for the Nourishment both of Man and Beast The Herbs grow of their perfection in a short time for in June when we first arrived at Spitzbergen we saw but very little Green and yet in July most of them were in flower and some of them had their Seeds already ripe whence me may observe the length of their Summer I proceed to the Description of those Plants which I had time to delineate and begin with those that put forth their Leaves only at and about their Roots and have but few or no Leaves on their Stalks Then shall follow those that have single Leaves on their Stalks then those that have pairs of Leaves or opposite ones afterward those with three Leaves and then conclude with the imperfect Plants CHAP. II. Of a Plant with Aloe-Leaves IT is a very pretty Herb and puts forth thick prickly and sad green Leaves like those of Aloes a brown naked Stalk about half the length of your Finger whereon hang round Heads of Flesh-coloured Flowers in Bunches which are hardly to be discerned by the naked Eye one Flower close above another and near to one another Tab. G. marked with a. Sometimes two Stalks shook out of one Plant one bigger that the other Yet each Stalk has two of these Bunches of Flowers I could not delineate its Seed for want of time The Root consists of many small Fibers We gathered it in great plenty on the 17 th of July behind the Cookery of Harlem in the running Water I know not well to what kind this may be referred Caspar Bauhim maketh mention of an Herb in his Prodromus of his Amphitheater of Plants in the 5 th Book and 15 th Chapter which he calls Limonium Maritimum which he describeth with small roundish and thick Leaves like House-leek between which spread forth small Stalks with pale red Flowers but the Root doth not agree with our Plant for his is long red and parted at top whereas this Root consists in many small Fibers and is not red CHAP. III. Of small House-leek THE Leaves of this are indented and very like those of our Dasies for which I should have taken it also had not it been for the Flower only the Leaves are thicker and more juicy like those of House-leek or as we call it those of the lesser House-leek The Leaves grow round about the Root betwixt them is a small Stalk of the length of your little Finger which is round and hairy and generally without Leaves save only where it divides into another Stalk at which place is a small Leaf The Flowers grow in scaley Heads like unto the Flowers of Stohceas are of a brown colour and have five pointed Leaves as I think with five small Chives within like unto the Flowers of Wall-pepper or Stone-crop I found only the Flowers for the Seed was not yet ripe The Root is somewhat thick and strait with many strong and thick Fibers from the sides of it it may be referred to the House-leeks and called small indented or crenated House-leek with scaly Heads This Plant I found in the Danish Harbour or Bay on the 18 th of July it is figured in Tab. F. at a. CHAP. IV. Of Crows-foot SOme of these Plants are figured in the Tab. G at c and e and the Tab. H at c and in the Tab. I at d. These four following Plants are all Crows-feet only distinguished by their Leaves The Roots are differing that of the first hath many small Fibers and the fourth hath a thicker and longer with tender and small Fibers The first burns the Tongue like Persicaria or Flea-bean but somewhat less than in our Countries The Leaves of the fourth do not burn so I found them both in the Danish Haven the first in great quantities they flower in July The second hath somewhat differing Leaves from the two former for although the lowermost Leaves agree with them of the first yet they are less and those that grow higher and come up after the lowermost are in two places deeper cut so that the first part of the Leaf that stands out before is not very unlike a Tongue but the two sides are but a little indented in Table G it is marked with e. There is also a difference in the Leaves of this Plant as well as in the two before mentioned for the Leaves that are nearest to the Flowers are small and deeply cut and that with two incisions and it burns the Tongue The Flower is small and hath six and sometimes seven Leaves The Seed-vessel is like unto the former only it is less The Root is like that of the first only it hath more Fibers there is also a kind of thick sheath that surroundeth the Stalk as is also to be seen in the fourth I found this Plant near the first in the Danish Haven the 16 th of July The third is yet smaller but fuller of Leaves only they are less and not so deep cut although they have also four Incisions like the second in this I did not find that difference in the Leaves between the lowermost and those that are nearer the Flower it is in the Tab. H marked with c. The Flower is of five white Leaves its Seed-vessel I could not yet see Its Roots are small Fibers I found it in the South Haven on the Sixteenth of July it burns the Tongue the Leaves are thick and juicy I found in the same place another small Plant exactly like to these only the Flowers thereof were of a purple Colour and the Leaves not so juicy wherefore I did not draw it CHAP. V. Of Scurvy-grass THis Scurvy-grass sends forth a great many Leaves from one Root that spread themselves round about it upon the Ground The Stalk grows out of the middle of these Leaves which is a great deal lower than in our Country with a few Leaves underneath the Sprouts The Flowers are of four white Leaves they grow many on the same Stalk one above the other when one Flower fades another cometh in its room when the Flower is past the Seed appears in a longish Box as you may see in the Figure when on the contrary in ours the Seed is found in a round one The Root is white somewhat thick and streight with some small Fibers below A great quantity of this Plant is found on the Rocks where they are not much exposed to the East and North Winds I found it most in the South English and Danish Havens the Earth was quite covered with it in the Danish It was the first Herb I found in Spitzbergen when we Landed the first time it was so small that I could