Selected quad for the lemma: ground_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
ground_n	flower_n	leaf_n	stalk_n	3,783	5	11.5025	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A05049	A most excellent and learned vvoorke of chirurgerie, called Chirurgia parua Lanfranci Lanfranke of Mylayne his briefe: reduced from dyuers translations to our vulgar or vsuall frase, and now first published in the Englyshe prynte by Iohn Halle chirurgien. Who hath thervnto necessarily annexed. A table, as wel of the names of diseases and simples with their vertues, as also of all other termes of the arte opened. ... And in the ende a compendious worke of anatomie ... An historiall expostulation also against the beastly abusers, both of chyrurgerie and phisicke in our tyme: with a goodly doctrine, and instruction, necessary to be marked and folowed of all true chirurgie[n]s. All these faithfully gathered, and diligently set forth, by the sayde Iohn Halle.; Chirurgia parva. English	Lanfranco, of Milan, 13th cent.; Hall, John, b. 1529 or 30.	1565 (1565)	STC 15192; ESTC S109324	283,008	454

so that it equallye maturateth Wherfore in euerye harde matter it is the fundamente and substance of Emplasters Take also thys profitable compounde plaster whiche aggregateth these intentions namelye maturation and incision to Carbunculum and Anthracem Reci Ficuum siccarum pinguium numero duodecem Passularum vnciam vnam Piperis Salis Nitri ana vnciae semissem Fermenti acri pondus omnium Olei veteris Aceti fortissimi ana quantum sufficit To the confection of your Emplaster Scabiosa pilosa also whych hath leaues somwhat broade nighe the grounde and a stalke of a Cubite lengthe wyth a Flower of a blewe coloure whose leaues are the nigher the roppe the fyner and smaller Beinge brused with Axungia dothe as I haue a thousande tymes proued meruailouslye maturate Anthracem Carbunculum Of Mundificatyues Cap. iiii OF Mundificatyues some doe mundifye with maturatien of the remanentes and they are verye necessarye when we are constreyned to open the apos●me before perfecte maturity Also when the mater is partly thynne and soone maturateth and partlye grosse and disobediente to maturation as in Scrophulis Clandulis Bubonibus And ther are other simplye mundificatyues To Apostemes well maturated and to newe Ulcers thou mayste cōmodiously applye this mundificatiue which dothe mundifye incarne and aswage peine Rec. Vitellos Ouorum crudos and incorporate them cū subtili Farina Triticea in the maner of a Cataplasma and spreade it on a clothe layinge thervpon an other de Melle farina mixed by equalle porcions If thou wouldest haue it more desiccatyue put Farin●m Hordei in place of Farina Tritici An other verye good and general mundificatiue which mundifieth wyth maturation and openynge of the pores specially mete for apostemes opened before due time And is proper principallye to the mundification of the Anthrax and Carbunculus and of all vlcers Rec. Mellis Albi boni Farinae Triticeae subtilissimae ana vncias duas Temper them firste together after adde therto Succi Apii vncias quatuor Then boyle them on a softe fire stirringe it continually till it come to perfection And if thou wouldest mundifye fraudulente Ulcers whose malice thou feareste and their mutation into a Cācer Then supply the place of Succus Apii cum succo Absinthii But if thou wouldest maturate hardnesse as in Scrophulis Bubonibus adde vnto that medicyne de apio halfe so muche as that whole recepte de Cepa Lilio Albo boyled in water and well stamped A good mundificatyue wyth comfortation of the place made ex Melli Rosati colati Vnciis tribus Farinae Hordeaceae subtilissimae Vncia Vna And if thou nede this mundificatiue for woundes in sinewye places adde therto Terebinthinae lotae quartam totius partem Againe if thou wouldest it should mundify more strōglye adioyne therewyth Sarcocollae myrhae sextam totius partem And note that the medicynes regeneratiues here to be mentioned are not wythoute some mundifyinge facultye But yet are they more desiccatiue Vnguentum Apostolorum WHiche mundifyeth mortifyed Fistules and Crustous vlcers and allmoste all oulde vlcers whose confection is thys Rec. Ceraealbae Picis Resinae Hammoniaci ana drachmas .xiiii. Mirhae Galbani ana drachmas quatuor Opopanacis drach duas Bdelii Aristolochiae longae Thuris ana drachmas sex Litargirii drach nouem Floris aeris drach tres Olei libras duas Let suche gummes as will not be poudered be infused in vineger and after that put them in a Calderon melting also therwyth your wexe and resine in your oyle and then streine them all addynge afterwarde the pouder of youre triable thinges and stirre it strongly wyth a Spatula As medicines aggregatiues Conglutinatyues which are al one do differ from regeneratiues and incarnatiues whych are bothe one So also bothe the one the other doe differ from Consolidatyues Citrikatiues and Sigillatiues whiche are all one and the same Of Conglutinatiues Cap v. FIrste therfore medicines Conglutinatyues are suche as gather together the lippes of woūdes wherin ther is no losse of substance and they are desiccatiues wyth a maner of Conglutinosity wythout Abstersion And ther are certeyne symples whyche doe thys meruailouslye as Calx Folia Segetis syluestris Folia Liliialbi Folia Plantaginis Folia Malorum Folia Cypressi Wyth manye other Of Compounde medicynes there is one made de Calce before described in the cure of woundes An other common medicyne in Conglutination and Consolidation of the brymmes of woundes Rec. Rasurae panni linei veteris albissimi ad Libitum Then take Oleum Rosatum and infuse therin Parum Galbant And wyth these incorporate thy ●nte in forme of an vnguente and it will worke the stronglier if thou adde parum corticum Thuris Of medicynes Regeneratiues Cap. vi MEdicynes Regeneratyues or incarnatyues it behoueth to haue Abstersion wyth Exiccation namelye to scoure awaye grosse superfluityes to exiccate the subtiller which ii kindes are the grosse superfluityes of the thirde digestion whiche are of necessitye ingendered in euery holowe wounde But this doe they differentlye For in woundes of moiste bodies as of women children evnuches or of suche as are naturallye fatte medicines of lyttle dryinge are necessarye as Thus. Vernix Foenumgraecum Litargirum Mastiche Aloe Farina Fabarum And suche lyke But woundes of drye bodies will of consequence require dryinge medicynes As are these Aristolochia Iris. Farina orobi Farina Lupinorum And these are muche the dryer if they be burned And farther if the wounde haue muche quitture it neadeth the stronger oxiccation but if it be litle lesse is required Of Compounde regeneratyues thys pouder is verye good Rec. Thuris vnciam vnam Vernicis Foenograeci ana vncias duas Make of these a moste fine pouder and put therof into the wounde abundantlye Litargirium nutritum also ingendereth excellentlye good fleshe corrodeth the euel and remoueth the scabbe of the eye lidde and is nurished thus Reci Litargirium ad libitum in very fine pouder and putte therto firste de Oleo Rosato and after de Aceto by litle and litle beatynge it continually in a morter vntyll it be much augmented and hathe receiued the force of an Unguente and thys rectefyeth whott veterate Ulcers Of the symples aforsayde thou mayste also make an Unguente by adioyning Vnciam Vnam de puluere pradictorū Olei Vncias quatuor Cerae Vnciam Vnam in Semmer or Vnciae dimidium in Winter Of Consolidatyue medicines Cap. vii MEdicynes Consolidatyues Sigillatiues and Ci●atrizatiues whiche ingender skyn are these and suche lyke Litargirium Cētaurium minus Ossa Combusta Cerussa Cortices pini Resina sicca Abrotonum assatum Cortices Olibani Gallae Nuces Cupressi Curcuma Balaustia And manye others Of compoundes the best in Sommer is Vnguentum Rasis de Cerussa which is good to ingēder skin for burnyng of fyer whotte water and Oyle For all excoriations all whotte vlceratynge Pustules To the alteration of anye parte into heate wyth many other And thus maye you make it Rec

to drye vp bruses kepynge therby the places from putrefaction and apostemations The Mirte tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latin Mirtus The frutes or beries wherof doe the Apothecaries calle Myrcillos Nodi NOdus signifieth a knotte and is here to be vnderstanded of certeine kyndes of tumores whiche in roundnes and somtyme hardnes resemble a knotte comming principally of phlegme and are chiefly referred to the three speciall tumores called of Galen 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 so called of the substances like a whyte potagie confection called Puls fatte or hony conteined in them And somtime the nerues become knotty but that differeth from Nodo sayeth Auicen in that it is not euery waye mobyle or seperable Obtalmia Is shewed at Ophthalmia ▪ Oedema ΟΙδημα is one of the foure chiefe and principall symple tumores agaynst nature softe lose and without payne spryngyng of thynne phlegme or vaporous spirites is the same that in the tyme of Lanfranke as well as before and since was called Vndimia which when it hath adioyned partly therwith any of the other three is called eyther 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Oedema phlegmonosum uel Oedema inflammationis particeps of bloud 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Oedema erysipelatosum aut sacri ignis particeps if choler be his partener or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hoc est oedema induratum siue duritiei particeps when melancholic is adioyned More at Vndimia Oleum OYle which the Grecians cal 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is the iuice of Olyues named Oliuae whiche are the frutes of the tree Olea in greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 cōsisting of .iii. substāces as doth mylke as of grosse dregges called Amurca of an aery essence of a whayey substance Oyle is of temperamēt meane as it weare betwene whotte and colde drye and moyste yet doth it rather inclyne to heate and moisture But from this meane may it three wayes varie as firste Omphacinum made of vnripe Oliues is somwhat colde and adstringent as the oyle of through rype olyues whiche they cal Drupas doth moderatly heate and moyste Secondly newe oyle is by comparation colde so swete oyle kept vntyl it be olde is whotte and euaporatyue Thirdly it doth moste aptly or redely receyue the qualities of what so euer by arte 〈…〉 with composed be they whotte or colde c. And therfore sayeth Galen is it worthily accompted the matter of all other medicines It moueth the belly and the reddyshe wheye beyng taken away as by washynge or els howsoeuer the reste is made whyter and without byting The vnctiōs therwith are rather to be vsed to whole bodies thē vnto plethorikes or to men possessed with rawe humores Olibanum OLibanum sayeth Platearius is whotte and drie in the seconde degree and is none other thyng but Thus. Whiche Galen sayeth dryeth but in the first It is thought of dyuers men not without great reason to bee that rounde whyte droplyke gumme and within fatty whiche Dioscorides preferreth for the beste calleth Thus masculinum and in Greke Stagonias Not farre from this is Lanfranke his mynde who by Cortice olibani meaneth Corticem Thuris optimi Ophthalmia 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latin Lippitudo Is the inflammation of that panicle that couereth all the other panicles partes of the eye called Tunica adnata of Galen Agnata and Coherens and is of twoo sortes Vera comminge of a cause antecedent or interiore as of fulnes in all the body of the influxion of sharpe humores or of grosse and flatulente spirites non uera whiche commeth of a cause proca●arctyke or exterior as of a stroke duste smoke c. Suche a difference of Obtalmia for so he calleth it maketh Lanfrancus as thou seest calling it Parua magna or maxima Opium 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Id est lacrima papaueris whiche is the iuice of Papaueris nigri brought by arte into a masse muste nedes be lyke in temperament to the popye wherof it is made and is sayeth Galen the myghtiest among narcotike medicines and causeth dead sleape but ought rarly in great extremities and then warly to be vsed For it strangleth and vehement paynes are often eased therby beynge vsed alone for some small tyme after the whiche it returneth more violently then before But in euery doubte of this and his vse let maister Turner be to you a sufficient satisfier Opopanax 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Succus panace that is the iuice of the herbe 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Panax heracleum for of Panax there are other two kyndes Asclepium Cheironium It is an herbe sayeth Dioscorides growyng in Boeotia and Arcadia with rough her bycoloured leaues liyng on the grounde indented with fyue diuisions muche lyke to fygge leaues a high stalke as hath Ferula whiche is white throughe a certeine mosines and also beset with little leaues hauynge moreouer a toppe lyke dylle a yellowe flowre and a sede feruent and odoriferous with many rootes also springing frō one beginnyng beyng whyte of heauy sauoure thyck rynded and bytter tasted Opopanax sayeth Galen doth both digeste and mollyfie and therin excelleth Chalbanum It heateth in the thyrde degree and drieth in the seconde as dothe also the rynde of the roote though lesse then the iuice and that without adstringencie and therfore is vsed to stuberne vlcers and as an incarnatiue to broken bones Orificium ORificium is the orifice mouthe or entrance of anye thynge that is holowe Wherfore Orificium sinus uel fistulae is the orifice or entrance of a fistule or holow vlcer c. Orobus SO called of the Apothecaries folowynge the Greeke which is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and the Latine Eruum is englyshed of D. Turner a bitter fitche who treateth therof at large It is a certein pulse and a foode for his vnpleasantnes meter for bullockes then for men but are vsed in medicines that purge grosse humores from the lunges and the breste The whyte bitter fitches are lesse medicinable then the yelowe or the pale Eruum dryeth in the thyrde degree fully and heateth in the first and farther howe bitter so euer it be in the same measure doth it cutte insonder scowre and open obstructions beynge twyse sodden it loseth his vnsauorines and also his scowring and incisiue power and so dryeth without great bytternesse It is diuretike and copiously taken causeth pyssyng of bloud Dioscorides sayeth that of them by parchyng and gryndinge is made a meale whiche with hony mundifieth vlcers kepyng dyuers angrye sortes of them from crepyng and corrodyng being made into paste with wyne it healeth venemous bytinges and scowreth the skynne of freckles and spottes Ossa combusta OF burned bones thus sayeth Galen They drye and digeste and chiefly as some saye the bones of a man

vntilled groundes And so of a great number moe Hereof there are two kyndes whervnto some doe also reken Althaea or Malua uiscus called of Aetius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of Galen 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 wherof vnder Althaea Malua agrestis sayeth Galen hath some digestinge and lyght mollifiyng facultie But Hortensis is apter to be eatē and frendly to the belly but yet hurtfull to the stomache and howe muche the more it hath of watery moysture so muche the weaker are the vertues therof So is the sede also so muche the stronger as it is dryer but Althaea dothe of all other digeste moste effectuously Of temperamente he sayeth it is whotte whiche the Arabians seme to deny Malowes sayth Dioscorides both healeth the stynging of bees and waspes and withstandeth the same and is good for the griefes of the mother the guttes and the bladder and beyng drunke in tyme is a remedy against al venims Malum punicum THe pōgranate is the frute of trée called in greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latin Malus punica seu granata and is of twoo sortes as Satiua and Syluestris whose flowres seuerally and their faculties are touched vnder Balaustium A thyrd kynde also there is that kepeth a meane betwene the wylde and the tame of whose temperamētes Galenus lib. 8. De symp med fac sayeth thus in effecte Euery pomgranate hath some adstringent facultie but that surmounteth not in all for among them that are sharpe some are more swete then sowre and by the reason of those their chiefe qualities eyther the one or the other is vsed for beste Their graynes are of a driyng and byndyng iuice so are also their flowers and ryndes of them altogether may medicines be made very proffitable for the stomache Which in Li. 2. De com med secundum loca he affirmeth hym selfe to haue vsed to the griefes of the nose called Ozaena Polypus And in his boke De attenuante uictus ratione he disprayseth the pomgranates of Pontus as also he doth al other harde and pontike frutes But others sayeth he ye may moderatly vse for they are profitable to them that are greued with Cardialgia lib. 2. De alimentorum facultatibus Malum Appuls are called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Mala as the apple tree is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Malus and are generally of two kyndes Hortense Syluestre wherof somwhat at Agresta other wise infinite and of dyuers natures as are also their leaues and ryndes The appuls that are adstringente haue a colde and earthy iuice and doe coole inflammations of heate and moysture The sharpe ones are bothe colde and subtyl and incysiue of meane temperamente are the swete ones whiche doe inclyne to heate as those that are watery and without taste doe bende to coldenes Of these vsed according to their qualities may the distemperatures of the stomache be cured as with the meanly sharpe and with very tarte appuls you may roborate the lose feynte stomache glewe together woundes and repercusse the fluxe of great inflammations but suche as are more watery doe put awaye lesse inflammations that doe but nowe begynne They are generally of harde digestion and ill iuice but may bee geuen after meate to suche as lacke apetyte and concocte slowly to suche also as are vexed with womyting Diarrhoea and Dysenteria Wherunto very tarte appulles are moste commodious Manna MAnna so called of the Arabians is sayeth Mesues the dewe of a vapor lyfted vp and concocted in a temperate and fertille ayre fallyng in the twye lyghte tymes sayeth Matthiolus through plesant aspectes vpon certeyne plantes and stones wherof there are twoo differences That whiche falleth vpon stones is coagulated round lyke droppes or sedes whiche oughte to bee newe swete whytyshe or at least a citrinyshe colour That whiche falleth on plantes bothe taketh of them some qualitie and hath myxed therwith some of their leaues and floures though not muche wherof that whiche is newe and whytyshe is beste Of this doubtlesse dyd Galen wryte In Lib. 3. De alimentis where he sayeth that in the mounte Libanus men vse yearly to spreade skynnes on the grounde and after they beate the trees gathering vp that whche falleth and fille pottes with the hony whiche they call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hoc est mel roscidum mel 〈◊〉 Though Auerois Cordubensis affirme ●ot without the opinion of dyuers great clerkes of late dayes Manna to haue ben vnknowne to Galen and it to haue comde in vse synce his tyme because in dede in all Galens workes there is no mention therof vnder that name Who mente by Manna and also Dioscorides with other olde Grecians a farre other thing as hereafter will apeare But Mesues procedynge sayeth that it somwhat excedeth the meane in heate scouteth and smotheth the throte the breste and the stomache purgeth choier gentilly and quencheth thyrste and mixed wyth strong medicines it bettereth their actiōs And thus much of Manna Arabum who call it also Thereniabin uel Recentium named also Manna Orientalis for Manna Graecorum called also Manna Thuris are certeyne fragmentes taken out of pure frankincense whiche Galen calleth the drosse of the same affirming it to be of the same nature how be it somewhat more adstringent by reason of the frankincense ryndes that are somwhat myngled therwith wherof also at Thus. somwhat more Mandragora 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is also called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith Fuchsius a Circe because it is thought to worke amorous affectes of Pythagoras Anthropomorphos of the humane forme that the roote semeth somwhat to represent About the whiche the dotyng folly of some and the guylfull knauery of others haue Fuchsius and maister doctor Turner our countreyman rightwell detected Hereof after Dioscorides there are twoo kyndes as the male called Mandragoras mas uel Candida and also Mandragoras morion whyche is with vs not verye rare And the female called Mandragoras foemina uel nigra and of the lykenes that it hath with the leaues of Letuce 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 vnknowne to vs as yet It cooleth by the testimonie of Galen in the thyrde excesse though saith he in the appuls ther is not a little heate and moisture whiche therfore prouoke depe sleapes The rynde of the roote doth bothe coole and drye The leaues of mandrage are profitable as sayeth Dioscordies for the inflammations and other affectes of the eyes caused of vlcers in them or in other partes howe so euer and mete to deuide euery harde tumore It is of suche mollifiynge vertues that Iuory as some thynke beyng boyled with the roote therof may be made softe and apte to be wrought Massacunia MAssacunia for so fynde I it wrytten in the prynted latin copy and interpreted the fylinge or scarpynge of earthen pottes glased is written of Almanzoar who for Albula

grosser partes then Thure hauing litle sharpnes and therfore is vsed for the griefes of the stomache spitting of bloud fluxe of the belly and Dysenteria Thus mollifieth swageth peyne cōcocteth and bredeth quitture But that in temperate natures for in moyste bodies it ingendreth fleshe It putteth away the dymnesse of syghte purgeth filleth and healeth the vlcers of the eyes and all other hollowe vlcers g●ueth bloudy woundes and stayeth all eruptions of bloud Thiria 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is a disease of the head and hath sayeth Fuchsius in his first boke De medendis morbis no latin name but is called of the Arabians and barbarous phisiciens Tyria By the whiche worde they vnderstande all serpentes but chiefly the Uiper whiche therfore I thynke to come of this greke worde 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and so of that kynde of leprosie whiche is among that sorte called Theriasis as aboue at Serpigo Euen as plantes sayeth Galen are of twoo causes vitiate namely some by the vtter lacke of nuryshyng iuyce dried withered other by the same cōtrarie to their own natures are infected so are the heares through the vtter defecte of their slymie nutritiue iuyce and also by the same vitiate corrupted For through the vtter lacke therof commeth Caluities but of the same corrupted riseth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And as in Alopecia the falling of the heare is circulare changing into a golden colour or like the foxe wherof it hath that name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quidē uulpes est so in Ophiasi that affected parte of the head is pilde after the maner of Serpentes receyuing therof also his name Ophis enim serpens est Tragacantha 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is a bright shyning gumme leane lyght sincere and swetishe whiche runneth out of the roote of a pricky shrubbe called also Tragacantha whose roote is broad wooddy stiffe in the toppe of the turfe From the which doe strong lowe branches spreade very broade wheron do growe many smale thinne leaues hydinge vnder them selues whyte stiffe and streight thornes The gumme whiche we call commonly Dragagantum stoppeth the poores of the skinne as gumme doth whose most vse hath been in medicines for the eies for the cough for horsenes roughnes of the pypes and yawes and other distillations against peyne of the reines and corrosions of the bladder Triticum WHeate called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is after Galen of fyrme nurishment and bredeth a iuyce grosse and tough and therfore is Alica whiche also nurisheth strongly forbidden in them that are apte to breede the stone or to haue obstructions in the liuer exterially vsed it heateth in the first degree but neither can it drie nor moiste manifestly Whatsoeuer is made of Amylum is then it both colder and drier The Cataplasma that is made with bread digesteth more thē with wheate by reason of the salte and leuen whiche hath power to drawe vp and digeste thinges that lye depe Turbith TVrbith is estemed a barbarous name geuē to a roote whiche is called Turpetum wherof among all menne there is no small ambiguitie nor a fewe opinions For Syluius and Manardus doe make therof a destinction in .iiii. sortes whiche I thoughte good thus to gather Turbith siue Turpetum The one whiche some call Turbith Dioscoridis Radix pityusae whiche hath the leaues of Pinus Serapionis i. Radix Tripolii Dioscoridis Vulgare i. Radix Tithymali foeminae siue myrtites so called because it hath leaues like to Myrtus Or Radix Alipi after Matthiolus vnder the autorities of Actuarius who calleth it Turpetum album Mesuae Is the roote of an herbe whose leaues are like Ferula wherof thei dare not geue sentence Howbeit Brasauolus iudgeth it the roote of Tithymali myrs●●ites but that would Matthiolus refute who semeth by reasons to proue that Turbith Mesuae Actuarii is none other thynge then the roote of Alipiae And so of our common Turpetum Wherfore knowyng that there are at this daie not a fewe diligent men in this kinde of studie namely in the serching out of suche vnknowne symples the certeintie of thinges so vncerteyne and doubtful least they should wante a iust occasion to examine suche conditions of plantes or rootes as shall in anywyse be lyke to any of these I haue set here for the sakes chiefly of the meanly learned the seuerall descriptions of the kindes of Turbith here mēcioned Namly suche as haue not before in the Englyshe tongue been publyshed For Pytiusa and Tithymalus myrtites are of D. Turner right well described Whiche therfore I touche not Turbith Scrapionis siue Tripolium Graece 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 groweth by the sea sides in places that are by the tydes washed and by the ebbes left againe so that it groweth neither in the sea nor on the drie grounde with a lefe like to Glastum but thicker and a stalke lyke the Date tree deuided in the toppe whose floures as men saye doe thrice in one daye change their colours beynge whyte in the morninge purple at noone and crimson at nyght whose rote is whyte odoriferous and whotte in taste Of the whiche two dragmes drunke in wyne draweth out water and vrine by the belly and is put into medicines that resiste venym 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latin Alypum or Alypia is a bushie and reddish herbe with sclender stalkes and thinne leaues hauinge a softe thinne flowre and of them plentie a sclender roote lyke the roote of Beta full of sharpe iuyce with seede lyke the sedes of Epithymi whiche purgeth blacke choler if it be taken with an equall portion of Epithymum with salte and vineger but it doth a litle exulcerate the intraelles It groweth in places nighe the sea chiefly and most plētifully in Libya though much of it doe also growels where Turbith sayeth Mesues is a mylky herbe hauynge leaues lyke Ferula but lesse wherof there is Hortense and Syluestre of the whiche also some is great and some little whyte also yelowe ashe coloured or blacke Praysinge that whiche is Gummie white empty and like a reede with a plaine and ashy rynde or as it weare baked vnder ashes beyng meanly newe and easy to be broken but that saieth he whiche is not gummie is weake and troubleth the belly dyspraysing also the yelowe and the blacke the grosse and the leane The curled or wrynkled rynded also whiche is as it were sinewy within when it is broken which is the wilde The olde is weake The newe dothe lesse trouble and ouerturne the bowelles Some doe adulterate it by anoynting the rynde outwardly with melted oyle but being broken it is not gummy within And where as the roote of Thapsia is numbered amonge the sortes of Turbith whiche the Apothecaries thinke to be theyrs Andreas Marinus calleth it Turbith apulum affirming it to be that whiche mesues calleth Crassum The fraude wherof beynge at the laste discouered it