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ground_n	flower_n	leaf_n	small_a	6,772	5	6.3427	4	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A05049	A most excellent and learned vvoorke of chirurgerie, called Chirurgia parua Lanfranci Lanfranke of Mylayne his briefe: reduced from dyuers translations to our vulgar or vsuall frase, and now first published in the Englyshe prynte by Iohn Halle chirurgien. Who hath thervnto necessarily annexed. A table, as wel of the names of diseases and simples with their vertues, as also of all other termes of the arte opened. ... And in the ende a compendious worke of anatomie ... An historiall expostulation also against the beastly abusers, both of chyrurgerie and phisicke in our tyme: with a goodly doctrine, and instruction, necessary to be marked and folowed of all true chirurgie[n]s. All these faithfully gathered, and diligently set forth, by the sayde Iohn Halle.; Chirurgia parva. English	Lanfranco, of Milan, 13th cent.; Hall, John, b. 1529 or 30.	1565 (1565)	STC 15192; ESTC S109324	283,008	454

so that it equallye maturateth Wherfore in euerye harde matter it is the fundamente and substance of Emplasters Take also thys profitable compounde plaster whiche aggregateth these intentions namelye maturation and incision to Carbunculum and Anthracem Reci Ficuum siccarum pinguium numero duodecem Passularum vnciam vnam Piperis Salis Nitri ana vnciae semissem Fermenti acri pondus omnium Olei veteris Aceti fortissimi ana quantum sufficit To the confection of your Emplaster Scabiosa pilosa also whych hath leaues somwhat broade nighe the grounde and a stalke of a Cubite lengthe wyth a Flower of a blewe coloure whose leaues are the nigher the roppe the fyner and smaller Beinge brused with Axungia dothe as I haue a thousande tymes proued meruailouslye maturate Anthracem Carbunculum Of Mundificatyues Cap. iiii OF Mundificatyues some doe mundifye with maturatien of the remanentes and they are verye necessarye when we are constreyned to open the apos●me before perfecte maturity Also when the mater is partly thynne and soone maturateth and partlye grosse and disobediente to maturation as in Scrophulis Clandulis Bubonibus And ther are other simplye mundificatyues To Apostemes well maturated and to newe Ulcers thou mayste cōmodiously applye this mundificatiue which dothe mundifye incarne and aswage peine Rec. Vitellos Ouorum crudos and incorporate them cū subtili Farina Triticea in the maner of a Cataplasma and spreade it on a clothe layinge thervpon an other de Melle farina mixed by equalle porcions If thou wouldest haue it more desiccatyue put Farin●m Hordei in place of Farina Tritici An other verye good and general mundificatiue which mundifieth wyth maturation and openynge of the pores specially mete for apostemes opened before due time And is proper principallye to the mundification of the Anthrax and Carbunculus and of all vlcers Rec. Mellis Albi boni Farinae Triticeae subtilissimae ana vncias duas Temper them firste together after adde therto Succi Apii vncias quatuor Then boyle them on a softe fire stirringe it continually till it come to perfection And if thou wouldest mundifye fraudulente Ulcers whose malice thou feareste and their mutation into a Cācer Then supply the place of Succus Apii cum succo Absinthii But if thou wouldest maturate hardnesse as in Scrophulis Bubonibus adde vnto that medicyne de apio halfe so muche as that whole recepte de Cepa Lilio Albo boyled in water and well stamped A good mundificatyue wyth comfortation of the place made ex Melli Rosati colati Vnciis tribus Farinae Hordeaceae subtilissimae Vncia Vna And if thou nede this mundificatiue for woundes in sinewye places adde therto Terebinthinae lotae quartam totius partem Againe if thou wouldest it should mundify more strōglye adioyne therewyth Sarcocollae myrhae sextam totius partem And note that the medicynes regeneratiues here to be mentioned are not wythoute some mundifyinge facultye But yet are they more desiccatiue Vnguentum Apostolorum WHiche mundifyeth mortifyed Fistules and Crustous vlcers and allmoste all oulde vlcers whose confection is thys Rec. Ceraealbae Picis Resinae Hammoniaci ana drachmas .xiiii. Mirhae Galbani ana drachmas quatuor Opopanacis drach duas Bdelii Aristolochiae longae Thuris ana drachmas sex Litargirii drach nouem Floris aeris drach tres Olei libras duas Let suche gummes as will not be poudered be infused in vineger and after that put them in a Calderon melting also therwyth your wexe and resine in your oyle and then streine them all addynge afterwarde the pouder of youre triable thinges and stirre it strongly wyth a Spatula As medicines aggregatiues Conglutinatyues which are al one do differ from regeneratiues and incarnatiues whych are bothe one So also bothe the one the other doe differ from Consolidatyues Citrikatiues and Sigillatiues whiche are all one and the same Of Conglutinatiues Cap v. FIrste therfore medicines Conglutinatyues are suche as gather together the lippes of woūdes wherin ther is no losse of substance and they are desiccatiues wyth a maner of Conglutinosity wythout Abstersion And ther are certeyne symples whyche doe thys meruailouslye as Calx Folia Segetis syluestris Folia Liliialbi Folia Plantaginis Folia Malorum Folia Cypressi Wyth manye other Of Compounde medicynes there is one made de Calce before described in the cure of woundes An other common medicyne in Conglutination and Consolidation of the brymmes of woundes Rec. Rasurae panni linei veteris albissimi ad Libitum Then take Oleum Rosatum and infuse therin Parum Galbant And wyth these incorporate thy ●nte in forme of an vnguente and it will worke the stronglier if thou adde parum corticum Thuris Of medicynes Regeneratiues Cap. vi MEdicynes Regeneratyues or incarnatyues it behoueth to haue Abstersion wyth Exiccation namelye to scoure awaye grosse superfluityes to exiccate the subtiller which ii kindes are the grosse superfluityes of the thirde digestion whiche are of necessitye ingendered in euery holowe wounde But this doe they differentlye For in woundes of moiste bodies as of women children evnuches or of suche as are naturallye fatte medicines of lyttle dryinge are necessarye as Thus. Vernix Foenumgraecum Litargirum Mastiche Aloe Farina Fabarum And suche lyke But woundes of drye bodies will of consequence require dryinge medicynes As are these Aristolochia Iris. Farina orobi Farina Lupinorum And these are muche the dryer if they be burned And farther if the wounde haue muche quitture it neadeth the stronger oxiccation but if it be litle lesse is required Of Compounde regeneratyues thys pouder is verye good Rec. Thuris vnciam vnam Vernicis Foenograeci ana vncias duas Make of these a moste fine pouder and put therof into the wounde abundantlye Litargirium nutritum also ingendereth excellentlye good fleshe corrodeth the euel and remoueth the scabbe of the eye lidde and is nurished thus Reci Litargirium ad libitum in very fine pouder and putte therto firste de Oleo Rosato and after de Aceto by litle and litle beatynge it continually in a morter vntyll it be much augmented and hathe receiued the force of an Unguente and thys rectefyeth whott veterate Ulcers Of the symples aforsayde thou mayste also make an Unguente by adioyning Vnciam Vnam de puluere pradictorū Olei Vncias quatuor Cerae Vnciam Vnam in Semmer or Vnciae dimidium in Winter Of Consolidatyue medicines Cap. vii MEdicynes Consolidatyues Sigillatiues and Ci●atrizatiues whiche ingender skyn are these and suche lyke Litargirium Cētaurium minus Ossa Combusta Cerussa Cortices pini Resina sicca Abrotonum assatum Cortices Olibani Gallae Nuces Cupressi Curcuma Balaustia And manye others Of compoundes the best in Sommer is Vnguentum Rasis de Cerussa which is good to ingēder skin for burnyng of fyer whotte water and Oyle For all excoriations all whotte vlceratynge Pustules To the alteration of anye parte into heate wyth many other And thus maye you make it Rec

vntilled groundes And so of a great number moe Hereof there are two kyndes whervnto some doe also reken Althaea or Malua uiscus called of Aetius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of Galen 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 wherof vnder Althaea Malua agrestis sayeth Galen hath some digestinge and lyght mollifiyng facultie But Hortensis is apter to be eatē and frendly to the belly but yet hurtfull to the stomache and howe muche the more it hath of watery moysture so muche the weaker are the vertues therof So is the sede also so muche the stronger as it is dryer but Althaea dothe of all other digeste moste effectuously Of temperamente he sayeth it is whotte whiche the Arabians seme to deny Malowes sayth Dioscorides both healeth the stynging of bees and waspes and withstandeth the same and is good for the griefes of the mother the guttes and the bladder and beyng drunke in tyme is a remedy against al venims Malum punicum THe pōgranate is the frute of trée called in greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latin Malus punica seu granata and is of twoo sortes as Satiua and Syluestris whose flowres seuerally and their faculties are touched vnder Balaustium A thyrd kynde also there is that kepeth a meane betwene the wylde and the tame of whose temperamētes Galenus lib. 8. De symp med fac sayeth thus in effecte Euery pomgranate hath some adstringent facultie but that surmounteth not in all for among them that are sharpe some are more swete then sowre and by the reason of those their chiefe qualities eyther the one or the other is vsed for beste Their graynes are of a driyng and byndyng iuice so are also their flowers and ryndes of them altogether may medicines be made very proffitable for the stomache Which in Li. 2. De com med secundum loca he affirmeth hym selfe to haue vsed to the griefes of the nose called Ozaena Polypus And in his boke De attenuante uictus ratione he disprayseth the pomgranates of Pontus as also he doth al other harde and pontike frutes But others sayeth he ye may moderatly vse for they are profitable to them that are greued with Cardialgia lib. 2. De alimentorum facultatibus Malum Appuls are called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Mala as the apple tree is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Malus and are generally of two kyndes Hortense Syluestre wherof somwhat at Agresta other wise infinite and of dyuers natures as are also their leaues and ryndes The appuls that are adstringente haue a colde and earthy iuice and doe coole inflammations of heate and moysture The sharpe ones are bothe colde and subtyl and incysiue of meane temperamente are the swete ones whiche doe inclyne to heate as those that are watery and without taste doe bende to coldenes Of these vsed according to their qualities may the distemperatures of the stomache be cured as with the meanly sharpe and with very tarte appuls you may roborate the lose feynte stomache glewe together woundes and repercusse the fluxe of great inflammations but suche as are more watery doe put awaye lesse inflammations that doe but nowe begynne They are generally of harde digestion and ill iuice but may bee geuen after meate to suche as lacke apetyte and concocte slowly to suche also as are vexed with womyting Diarrhoea and Dysenteria Wherunto very tarte appulles are moste commodious Manna MAnna so called of the Arabians is sayeth Mesues the dewe of a vapor lyfted vp and concocted in a temperate and fertille ayre fallyng in the twye lyghte tymes sayeth Matthiolus through plesant aspectes vpon certeyne plantes and stones wherof there are twoo differences That whiche falleth vpon stones is coagulated round lyke droppes or sedes whiche oughte to bee newe swete whytyshe or at least a citrinyshe colour That whiche falleth on plantes bothe taketh of them some qualitie and hath myxed therwith some of their leaues and floures though not muche wherof that whiche is newe and whytyshe is beste Of this doubtlesse dyd Galen wryte In Lib. 3. De alimentis where he sayeth that in the mounte Libanus men vse yearly to spreade skynnes on the grounde and after they beate the trees gathering vp that whche falleth and fille pottes with the hony whiche they call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hoc est mel roscidum mel 〈◊〉 Though Auerois Cordubensis affirme ●ot without the opinion of dyuers great clerkes of late dayes Manna to haue ben vnknowne to Galen and it to haue comde in vse synce his tyme because in dede in all Galens workes there is no mention therof vnder that name Who mente by Manna and also Dioscorides with other olde Grecians a farre other thing as hereafter will apeare But Mesues procedynge sayeth that it somwhat excedeth the meane in heate scouteth and smotheth the throte the breste and the stomache purgeth choier gentilly and quencheth thyrste and mixed wyth strong medicines it bettereth their actiōs And thus much of Manna Arabum who call it also Thereniabin uel Recentium named also Manna Orientalis for Manna Graecorum called also Manna Thuris are certeyne fragmentes taken out of pure frankincense whiche Galen calleth the drosse of the same affirming it to be of the same nature how be it somewhat more adstringent by reason of the frankincense ryndes that are somwhat myngled therwith wherof also at Thus. somwhat more Mandragora 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is also called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith Fuchsius a Circe because it is thought to worke amorous affectes of Pythagoras Anthropomorphos of the humane forme that the roote semeth somwhat to represent About the whiche the dotyng folly of some and the guylfull knauery of others haue Fuchsius and maister doctor Turner our countreyman rightwell detected Hereof after Dioscorides there are twoo kyndes as the male called Mandragoras mas uel Candida and also Mandragoras morion whyche is with vs not verye rare And the female called Mandragoras foemina uel nigra and of the lykenes that it hath with the leaues of Letuce 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 vnknowne to vs as yet It cooleth by the testimonie of Galen in the thyrde excesse though saith he in the appuls ther is not a little heate and moisture whiche therfore prouoke depe sleapes The rynde of the roote doth bothe coole and drye The leaues of mandrage are profitable as sayeth Dioscordies for the inflammations and other affectes of the eyes caused of vlcers in them or in other partes howe so euer and mete to deuide euery harde tumore It is of suche mollifiynge vertues that Iuory as some thynke beyng boyled with the roote therof may be made softe and apte to be wrought Massacunia MAssacunia for so fynde I it wrytten in the prynted latin copy and interpreted the fylinge or scarpynge of earthen pottes glased is written of Almanzoar who for Albula

of .xiiii. as wel as .xv. are both true their mindes vnderstanded and their order considered But who so will vnderstande their seuerall names and numbers with also their true seates and conexions let them reade Carolus Stephanus where they may be satisfied which here for briefnesse sake I omit And nowe of the tethe called in latine Dentes in Greeke Odontes wherof as wel in the vpper iawe as also in the nether iawe are fastened in some .xvi. and in others but .xiiii there are .iii. sortes or orders The firste are the fore teethe called in Greke Odontes tomici and in Latine Incisores or cutters The seconde are those sharpe or poynted ones among which are the eye tethe so called because daungerous accidences doe folow to the eyes by the drawing or pluckynge oute of them and these are of their sharpnesse called dogge tethe and therfore in latine Canini and in Greke Cynodōtes The third● sort are the tuskles which the Grekes call Gomphious Mylas the latines Maxillares Molares that is grynders And vppon this vpper iawe is fastened a pannycle or skin growing of the pannicle coueringe the bone of the forheade and of the thirde payre of part of the fourthe paire of synewes of the brayne and the parte next vnto him and of the seconde paire of synewes of Nucha And thus is there made a conueniente skyn to couer hym And the synewes that come to this makynge come partly from the brayne and partlye from Nucha whiche geue felynge and mouyng to the face and to the palate in the roufe of the mouthe and to the nose and that mostelye in the enterance of the makinge of the muscles at these aforsayde partes Wherfore the incisyons that oughte to be done in these partes as in the vpper iawe or the nose must be done accordynge to the goinge of the graines of the skyn For the goinge of the graines and the procedynge of the synewes in the nose and in the vpper iawe is all one way and nothynge contrarye And from the seconde thirde and the fourthe payer of sinewes of Nucha commeth synewes to the muscles of the iawes whiche moue the nether iawe or cheke hone Thys nether iawe is made of two bones whiche he ioyned together in the maner of sawe in the hinder part they are ioyned wyth the knottye parte of the iawe In whyche nether iaw also be fired in some .xvi. in som but .xiiii. tethe and aswell the tethe in the vpper iawe as also those in the nether iawe are bounde with the coupled bindinges and skinnes that proceade of Pericranium whiche is made of the harde pannicle of the brayne as is aforesayde And this is the cause that ache of the tethe is oftentymes cause of payne in the heade and braine and bringeth dysease and offence to all the whole heade And vnder the iawe and eares where the glandules or curnelles are is the emunctorye place wher as the braine purgeth it selfe of all venemous and vnnaturall thynges by puttynge forthe of Apostemes The .viii. Chapiter Of the lyppes the chekes the mouthe and the Tungue VPon the vpper and the nether iawes are fixed that lipps called in greke Chiloi in latine Labia whych are dores to the mouthe ayders of speache and instruments of pronunciations And also the chekes called Gena in Greke Blephara the seates of shamefastnesse the prospectes of man hys complexion and the walles of the mouthe Whose offyces are manye and diuers But to auoide all ambiguity these chiefly are in them to be noted of the good chirurgiē They are consimilare compound musculye sinowye skinnye and of spongye lose partes suche as if they be wasted are vnpossible to be restored Wherfore greate hede oughte to be taken that no substance in them be wasted or loste for if there be the Cicatrix will puckar them together lyke the gatheringe or shrocklynge of lether or parchmente at the fyre in suche wyse that the mouthe wyll be drawne a wrye And farther if they being worne throughe their substance be in greate quantitye wasted it is not possible to be so repaired that there shall not euer after remayne a whole throughe So that in suche case many tymes the tethe euer after are seene throughe the chekes and the substance of meate and drinke is redye there alwayes to issue out when the partye so greued eateth Wythin this compasse then is the mouthe enclosed of the whyche all wryters of Anatomye note .v. thinges to be consydered To wete the tungue the tethe the lyppes the palate or roufe of the mouthe and the Vuula of all whiche because I speake particularly of them I nede not here to saye anye more generallye Wherfore I will nowe procede to the tungue Betwixte the vpper iawe and the nether is sette the Tungue called Lingua in greke Glossa The whych is made of a soft flesh and whyte veiny chordy sinewy and it taketh his sinewy substance of the syxte payer of synewes of the brayne and is called there the synewe of speakynge And of the seuenth payre of sinewes of the braine the tongue receiueth the synewe of mouing And it is to be noted that the tungue the roufe of the mouthe and the stomacke with the pype therof called Oesephagus are clothed all wyth one sensible synewye pannicle comminge from the brayne as experience proueth that who so toucheth the tongue or roufe of the mouthe nere the throte the stomacke wil tikle and caste vp by vomite all that is in it And iii. causes I fynde why that the tungue was ordeyned The first is that it is a helpe to tourne the meate in the mouth that it maye the more effectuallye be ground small and chawed wyth the tethe The seconde offyce of the tongue is to decerne the taste of thynges whether they be sweete or soure bytter sharpe or anye other presentinge or enforminge the same to the common wyttes Thirdlye it is the instrumente of speache for wythoute the tungue there coulde be perceiued no distinction of voyces nor of words And vnder the tungue are .ii. veynes whych appeare when it is lifted vppe which are opened for diseases of the tūgue and the throte as Angina and other affectes But here oughte heede to be taken that Phlebotomy be not done in the tūgue vnlesse there be a generall bloud lettynge before or elsse ventosynge in the shoulders or elsse that the bodye be purged wyth a medicyne or a clister For the Phlebotomye of the tongue draweth augmenteth and multiplyeth the disease in the roote of the tungue and especiallye if the bodye be replete or stiptike vnlesse some of those remedyes goe before of whych I haue spoken The .ix. Chapiter ☞ Of the eares NExte after the iawes and vnder the bones Parietalia on the ryghte side and on the lefte syde are ordeyned the eares which are called in Greke Ota and in Latine Aures and