thoroughly and well dried or preserued and confected in honie or sugar as is taught in the 8. part of this booke Séedes are ripest and of most vertue when the fruites are full ripe Seedes and when herbes are at their full growth all dust shall be sifted or fanned from them then bound vp in paper which longest kéepeth them good Some séedes may be kept longer in their full vertue and strength others must be new gathered euery yeare but easily it may be discerned by the tast which of them hath lost his vertue and which hath not Addition For the gathering of simples and their partes there be almost as many mindes and diuersities of opinions as Authours that write of them The one will haue them gathered when they beare their flower the other before or when the leafe is at the biggest and they readie to haue flowers the third sort when they are but young and new come foorth of the ground Some do gather one and the selfe same hearbe at sundrie times as when it first springeth out of the earth when it beareth his flower and when it beareth seede adding that the first is for children and young folkes the second for middle aged and the last for old men Other some would haue the leafe the stalke the roote the flower and the seede each gathered and reserued apart affirming each part of them to serue for sundrie vses There are yet others that gather all manner of hearbes in their seuerall moneths beginning the moneth still when the Sunne entreth into one of the twelue celestiall signes saying that euery hearbe hath most vertue when it most flourisheth some adde vnto this the full Moone But howsoeuer it be this I knowe by experience that not onely the diuersitie of the time in gathering them in preparing and in reseruing them but also the manifold vses of them are iust causes of sundrie nay cleane contrarie effects and operations in them For this I haue seene that one and the selfe same Simple being gathered at sundrie times in one and the selfe same place shall purge and bind which are quite contrarie effects And therefore it is no maruell if sometimes we misse of our expected purpose and hope in not finding those vertues in the Simples that by Hippocrates Galen Dioscorides and others are ascribed vnto them seeing they are of diuers men gathered without regard of time or place prepared without care reserued and kept they passe not how nor how long I remember that as I trauelled through the Dukedome of Brownswicke I heard of a woman that was very famous in the towne there called Gosler for womens diseases but especially in staying and prouoking their menstruall fluxes with whome when I had conferred about her art I found that it was one onely hearbe but gathered at sundrie times The reason of all these opinions and sundrie operations because it is not our intent nor meaning here to recite them we will deferre them till a more fit oportunitie be offered The sixt Chapter Of the preparation of some things for Phisicke as followeth The preparation of simples IT is also very necessarie and conuenient to knowe the true preparation of diuers and sundrie things and simples that are vsed in phisicke and to take away or diminish or at the least correct that which is and might be hurtful in them For if this should not be done they wold oftentimes by reason either of their sharpnesse or venimous nature do a great deale more harme than good Neither shall it be amisse to shew and declare the nature and properties of the principall simples and drugs in phisicke What Aloes Hepatica is Aloëpatica is the iuice of a very sappie hearbe which groweth in the countries that lie Eastward and is in tast maruellous bitter The best is that which glistereth is light cleare like a liuer without sand or grauell admixed and as yet cleauing to the skin wherein it is brought There is another kind of Aloes called Aloes Caballinum which in colour is very blacke and not vsed in Phisicke The vertues of 〈…〉 Aloes is hote in the first and drie in the third degree purgeth gall or choler and waterish flegme It is corrected two sundrie waies as followeth Hisp◠〈◊〉 Take of very fine powdered and sifted Aloes as much as thou wilt put twice as much raine water to it stir and mixe them well together let it then rest all a night that the sand stones and other filth may fall to the bottome in the morning after straine of the clearest couer it with a linnen cloath and set it in the hote Sunne or in some other warme place till it be somewhat dried then make litle rowles of it The other manner of washing Aloes is done with spices thus Take of Aloes as afore powdered and sifted six ounces of the swéet wood called Cassia Lignea Spikenard of India Asarrabacca swéet Cane Cubebes Lignum Aloes Cinnamom Xylobalsami Saffron Mastick prepared Lacca of each one ounce and a halfe Boyle all these together in a glasse or pot in water vntill all the vertue be boyled out of the ingredients and gone into the water then straine it through a cloth after this dissolue your Aloes in this water stirring it continually and at the last straine and drie it as is aforesaid This is called of the Apothecaries Aloe Lota or washed Aloes either with or without spices of this may boldly without any danger be giuen a quarter of an ounce at once To make burned Allume How to calcine Allume Take of the best Allum as much as thou wilt beate it not very small put it into an earthen pot vpon a litle cole of fire boyle it till it be thicke white and light and stir it wel in the boyling if it were not altogether drie then take it out by péeces and lay it in the hote fire and it will be dried incontinently Ammoniacum Ammoniacum and such like gums that cannot be beaten small and are very vncleane are clensed as followeth Put strong vineger vpon them and let them melt together on the fire straine and presse them through a strong linnen cloth to separate péeces of wood strawe and whatsoeuer else is with it let it afterwards boyle till it be thicke powre it out on a stone that is be-oyled and make it vp as pleaseth thée best Oile of oliues Sallet Oyle or Oile of Oliues it is oftentimes commanded to vse old oile of Oliues in place of which if it be not to be had thou shalt take one part of Oyle and two parts of water and let them boyle together easily on the fire till the Oyle become as thicke as honie and so vse it Others adde more water to their oyle but that cometh all to one end Pitch Pitch is sometimes vsed in forme of powder and is prepared on this manner Take one part of Pitch and twentie parts of water let them boile together in a great pot til
proceedeth very seldome or also neuer through melancholy if it be not mixed with some subtill moisture then is there very litle paine with it and also litle help◠for it whatsoeuer is done vnto it for the place of this disease will be hard remaineth blacke without any rednes And it hapneth not but in old folkes about winter c. If this be caused of wind then is it swollen thicke without great paine which oftentimes remoueth from the one ioynt to the other and the patient hath vsed much meate and drinke before which do ingender wind If there be any humors mixed amongst these winds then must it be considered and passed vpon the forementioned signes whereby will very soone be perceiued what humor hath mixed it selfe amongst these winds according to which euery one may know how to dispose and gouerne himselfe Like as then hitherto in diuers places certaine common rules haue bene made so will we procéed here also whereof the first is For as much as the Goute Arthritis Podagra and such like appeare most of al in haruest by reason of the fruite eaten the whole sommer therfore must all fruits be eschued Secondly for as much as venery is so hurtfull for this disease and increaseth it very much the same is to be refrained as much as is possible Thirdly a quiet idle life sleepe by day time do hinder that the superfluitie cannot be consumed To the contrary too great stirring and exercise whereby the members be ouer heated are also oftentimes the cause of this paine of the members therefore is the same as much as is possible to be eschued Fourthly all Wine and especially strong wine is very hurtful for all them that be plagued with the Gout Fiftly all rioting and drunkennes make bad digestion whereby also the paine of the Gout is augmented Sixtly they that be hote of nature and addicted to the Gout are to refraine from all phlegmaticke meate which is drest with sundry things and also from all meate which doth make Cholera and bloud for that when these two humors come together then do they bring grosse and vndigested defluxions in the ioynts whereof then the Gout is caused Seuenthly there be some through purging letting of bloud that are fréed from this disease which may most commodiously be done in the spring of the yere Eightly the aire hurteth them much that be troubled with the Gout Ninthly all great grosse fishes and especially Eeles be hurtfull for the Gout Tenthly sucking Pigs all water fowles and old Hens are especially hurtfull to the lower members Eleuenthly milk and wine eaten together be very noysome for all members and very hurtfull for the head Twelfthly the drinke which is taken without thirst bringeth much hurt to the body Thirtéenthly like as great surfetting with meate is very hurtfull for all the ioynts euen so doth a moderate diet refresh them Fourtéenthly the going too much or wearie walking hanging downe of the legs especially presently after meate is very hurtfull for the ioynts Fiftéenthly to lie vpon the back is also hurtful Sixtéenthly anger is enemy to this disease Seuentéenthly the great sensibility of the ioints especially of the féet cannot suffer any paine The foresaid seuentéene rules are only ordained for this purpose to frée one from the Goute but as much as doth concerne the meanes whereby these ioynts are to be strengthened and preserued that the same do not receiue those defluxions whereon dependeth the principall meanes to frée one from it are in these rules following to be obserued Eightéenthly it is very requisite that the féet be often bathed in Allum water Nintéenthly Sage decocted in Béere and the same drunken oftentimes is commended as it were a very secret medicine and receipt which hath an ineffable operation in all diseases of the ioynts Twentithly Almond floure Cammomill Myrrhe Melilote and Roses be very commodious for the ioints Calmus and ground Iuie haue an especiall vertue for to strengthen all the ioints the same doth also the Indian Nut kernell One and twentithly Verueine laid fresh vpon the féet and so worne is very good for the Podagra These things following do strengthen much the sinewes The roote Behen and his oyle doth warme the contracted sinewes in like manner also Bdellium and Calmus laid vpon it with oyle of Citron péeles of Cammomill of Beuercod Cypers rootes Cassie wood and Cypers also oyle of Costus and such like oyles are maruellously praised commended for the sinewes and Centorie in clisters Item feet water made of the ashes of a Bay tree For a salue the mother of Sallad oyle is good and the dregs of the oyle of Lillies and of all other oyles which be warme by nature Opopanacum is also much commended but Pyretrum and Pepper aboue all other to warme the sinewes For this be also drie swéete bathes good or naturall Sulphur bathes After purging is Treacle and Mithridate much commended in all cold Goutes drunken with wine wherein Sage hath been decocted But as much as concerneth the curing of these ioint diseases it is not needfull to discourse any further of them bicause that we hereafter will write of this matter at length Therefore we will proceed in the name of God The fourth Chapter Of the Goute in the Ioints Arthritis THe second description which speaketh commonly of the paine in the ioints whereof we haue briefly admonished before is that which the Latinists do call Morbum articularem the Grecians Arthritim which is as much to say as the paine of the ioints or an inflammation of the ioints which procéedeth from within the bodie and the Tendones be annoyed hurt and pained In fine it is none other than a dispersed Podagra ouer the whole bodie the which at one time commeth behinde in the neck another time in the shoulder blades then againe in the back bone and in the hands in the fingers and in the elbowes the which also sometimes créepeth into the nethermost ioints as in the legs the knées in the feet and toes And although in this disease like as also in other diseases more there be many sundrie remedies sought by many sundrie carefull Phisitions according to the qualitie of the cause and place of the paine therfore is there but one generall rule to be obserued First how one shal be preserued from this disease Secondly how that the same is to be cured and taken away altogither And bicause the time of the yéere importeth not a little therein therefore is choise to be made of it In summer the matter is thus to be handled This kind of patient in the beginning of summer is to be purged with that which ensueth Take Agaricus one dragme Sugar one ounce Hermodactils one dragme and a halfe water of field Cypers thrée ounces make the water warme and stéepe the rest fower and twenty howers in it afterwards wring it hard out and drinke it warme in the morning and then fast sixe howers vpon it
drying and astringeÌ„t but the wild Woad is much stronger than the tame Woodcocke in gréeke Scolopax of Hesychius Varino Nemesiano in latine of Gaza Gallinago of Heradianus Perdix syluestris of other Perdix rustica or Rusticula of Niphus and Volaterranus Gallinella of the simplicists Rostrulula and Gallinacea Woodpecker Picus Martius Turbo in gréeke Driocalaptes of Arist Driocolaps of Hesych it is a well knowen bird it is mentioned otherwhiles in some dyets in this worke Woolblade or Longwoort in gréeke Phlomus or Phlonus of Apuleius Pycnitis in latine Verbascum foeminalis Lucumbra Candela regis Candelaria Lanaria at the Apothecaries Tapsus barbatus There are fower kinds of it wherof the first is the common Woolblade with the white woolly leaues and yellow flowers it is called Verbascum albifolium and in gréeke Leucophyllon The second kinde is like the former but that the leaues are blacker and broader it is called blacke Woolblade in gréeke Phlomos melanophyllos in latine Verbascum nigrum The third kinde is the wilde Woolblade it hath a long stalke with great leaues much like to the great Sage it hath yellow flowers in gréeke Phlomos agrios in latine Verbascum syluestre of the Herbarists Verbascum saluifolium The fourth kinde is most like to the first but that the flowers are white and it is called white Woolblade Verbascum album and Verbascum foemina Woolfes bane in gréeke and latine Aconitum There are sixe kindes of it the first hath round leaues not much vnlike to the lesser Cucumbers with pretie yellow floures not vnlike to theÌ„ of Doronicum The rootes are round with many ioynts the little rootes about it are very like a Scorpion it is called in Gréeke and Latine Pardalianches Thelyphonum Aconitum Thelyphonum Theriophonum Aconitum Theriophonum Myoctonum aconitum Myoctonum and Scorpion The second kind of Wolfsbane hath leaues like to the Italian plaine tree but somewhat déeper iagged the roote is blacke with many haires about it This plant is sufficiently knowne by the name Wolfs-bane it groweth on high hils and is called in Greeke and Latine Lycoctonum Aconitum Lycoctonum Cynoctonum and aconitum Cynoctonum The Herbarists do call it Aconitum Lycoctonum luteum the Apothecaries Luparia The third kinde is called of the Herbarists Aconitum Lycoctonum Caeruleum there are also thrée kindes of it and it is common in all gardens The fourth kinde of Wolfsbane is Aconitum Lycoctonum caeruleum magnum Auicenna calleth it Napellus it is a very venimous herbe The fift kinde hath yellow flowers and is called yellow Wolfsbane of the Herbarists Aconitum Lycoctonum luteum minus The sixt kinde groweth in darke and shadowie woods the stalke is about one span and a halfe in height and about the middest of the same are foure darke gréene leaues standing opposite one against the other it getteth a blacke berry vnder which many little leaues are placed each opposite to other It is called of the Herbarists Aconitum salutiferum Sigillum Christi Crux Christi Sigillum Veneris and Herba Paris It is a very holsome herbe and may be vsed inwardly very well against many diseases Many learned men would haue it to be Aconitum pardalianches but it is as like it as an apple is like an oyster By Wolfs-bane shalt thou vnderstand the yellows Wolfsbane Wormewood in Latine and Gréeke Absinthium Aloina there are thrée kindes of it The first is the common Wormewood that groweth euery where called Bathypicâ—on Barypicâ—on and Absinthium rusticum The second kinde is like to the former in leaues and floures but it is somewhat lesse and it groweth not aboue a span and a halfe in height it is also bitter like the foresayd yet somewhat more pleasant to be vsed it groweth on hilly places This kinde will neuer be greater although it grow in fertill grounds This is the same Wormewood which Dioscorides doth call Absinthium ponticum Mesues Absinthium Romanum of the Simplicists Absinthium montanum and Plinie Absinthium Italicum The third kinde is very like the great Wormewood but it hath lesser leaues and stalks then the mountaine Wormewood it groweth also somewhat higher The leaues are white and soft This groweth on sandie ditches It is called Romish Wormewood to auoyd all errours and we leaue the name of mountaine Wormewood vnto the second kinâ— This Wormewood is called of Galen Absinthium ponticum But Mesues and other authors do take the second kinde to be the true Absinthium ponticum Whensoeuer thou findest Wormewood by it selfe in any composition then is the mountaine wormewood to be taken and vsed and if that cannot be had then must you take the common wormewood that groweth in the fields and not that which groweth in gardens for the garden wormewood is not so strong neither can it performe that which the wilde wormewood doth that groweth on dry grounds Wormewood is hot in the first and dry in the third degrée Yerrow Nosebléede or Millfoyle in Gréeke Stratiotes Chiliophyllos Supercilium veneris Herba militaris and Millefolium It is a common herb it is drying and astringent Yewe Taxus Smilax Milos The end of the second Table The third Index This third and Latine Index contayneth all the Latine Greeke and other strange names of all Simples especially of those which are mentioned in this Booke as Rootes Herbs Floures Fruits Plants Iuices Gummes Woods Stones Barks Metals Minerals Earths Deere and whatsoeuer else is vsed in Physick Also all mixed and compounded Medicines as Electuaries Confectures Syrupes Iuleps Conserues Cakes Pils Salues Oyles Potions and distilled waters with their names not only as they are called by the auncient Greeke and Latine Physitions but also as they are now named amongst the common Physitions and Apothecaries In like sort also all inward and outward parts and members of the body with all the diseases that euery one of them is subiect vnto A. ABalzener Arabum Sena Sene. Abies a Firre tree Abies candida a white Firre trée Abies nigra a black Firre trée Abiga Chamaepitys small Cipres or wilde Cipres Abioten Abiotoâ— Hemlock Abortus an vntimely birth Abrotonum Sothernwood Abrotonum foemina Sothernwood female Abscessus an impostume or botch Absinthium Wormewood Absinthium bathypicron common wormewood Absinthium Italicum Italian wormewood Absinthium ponticum Wormewood gentle or Wormewood ponticke Absinthium montanum Wormewood of the hill Absinthium Romanum Wormewood Romane Absinthium rusticum common or rurall Wormewood Absinthium thalassium sea Wormewood Absinthites Wormewood wine Abuolum Plinij Pulegium Pennyroyall Acacia the iuice of a thorne in Egypt in stéede whereof we vse the iuice of Sloes Acalephe Vrtica Nettles Acalypha a Nettle Acanthus or Acantha Branke vrsine or Bearebreech Acanthus syluestris wilde branke vrsine Acantha Germanica Branke vrsine Acatalis Iuniperus minor a little Iuniper Acatera Iuniperus maior a great Iuniper Acetosa Sorrell Acetosa satiua Garden Sorrell Acetosa rotunda round Sorrell Acetosa Gallica French Sorrell Acetosa minor the lesser Sorrell Acetosa ouina shéepes Sorrell Acetum Vineger Acetum
of sicknesse hauing neither Phisition nor Apothecaries neare him or at least none skilfull in that Art might himselfe know how to prepare and vse any medicine that might serue for his disease or what he might as best and meetest send for at the Apothecaries for his purpose In like sort also may he iudge of the properties and vertues of compoūded or mixed medicines as Electuaries Syrupes Pils Powders c. and which of them in euery disease might rightly be applyed and vsed Furthermore I haue very diligently obserued and noted the iust dosis proportion or quantitie of euery medicine that is at one time to be vsed and what things are to be auoided and shunned And for this cause haue I parted it into sixe treatises or parts named and shewed diuers kinds of poysons to the end that better heeded might be taken in shunning them and if by some mischance they had bene taken inwardly how to infringe and breake the force and violence of them And albeit some things there be noted and set down in this booke which might seeme better to haue bene passed ouer in silence yet was it done to such an end that the deceits and knaueries by which the common sort of people is oftentimes illuded might be disclosed and bewrayed to teach them also to take héed hereafter of those that wold deceiue them and onely to regard those things that are grounded on reason and skill All such things as are noted with Latine names are either those that haue no English name as yet knowne or else that are not growing here in England but are commonly found at the Apothecaries The method we haue obserued in this booke is according to the customes and orders of the ancient phisical writers who diuiding mans bodie into foure generall parts to wit the Head the Brest the Belly and the externall or outward partes so also haue I diuided and cut this present worke into foure bookes The one for the head the other for the breast the third for the belly and the fourth for the outward members as at large in the beginning of euery of them shall be shewed Vnto these foure first are adioyned other foure bookes and not without cause for that the method and order I haue obserued requireth and asketh no lesse as shall be shewed hereafter The auncient Phisitions haue as is alreadie sayed for sundrie and very necessarie causes diuided the bodie of man into foure generall parts The first part containeth the head and stretcheth no further than vnto the necke the second part hath the breast vnto the midriffe or to the lowermost short ribs the third part is the belly with all that is in it euen vnto the hippes the fourth part are the outward members as Armes Hands Thighes Legs Féet c. with all their particular parts and ioynts This very same method if God of his infinite mercie giue me grace do I purpose in this my worke to follow And this may suffice to let vs sée the wretchednesse of mans nature the fountaines and causes of all infirmities and also the necessitie profite and praise of phisicke But before I procéed any further in describing of diseases with their appropriate remedies I thinke it were very meet and necessarie to giue a more clearer instruction in some points of phisicke to the end that such as shall vse this booke might haue the better vnderstanding in the preparing of medicines The fift Chapter How all manner of Rootes Barkes Herbes Flowers Fruites and such like may be gathered and kept The best time to gather rootes THe best time and most conuenient to dig or plucke vp rootes according to some mens iudgement is the haruest or Autumne when the leaues do wither and fall away Others suppose the spring time to be most méete for the same intent when the herbe doth first beginne to appeare and créepe foorth of the ground But the greatest and fittest obseruation in the gathering of them is this to note the place or ground they grow in the time when they are sappiest and fullest of iuice and the vse as either that we must néedes haue them or that we must haue them greene fresh We must indeuour also to haue them fresh new digged out of the ground to wash them cleane to separate the small haires and lesser branches from the roote to crop off the stalkes and tops to cut away that which is rotten and worme eaten All these rootes which are woodie within as of Fennell of Cichorie of Parsly c. shall the hard and woodie heart be taken out of The biggest rootes must be split asunder and afterwards dried in the shade and in open aire And if it be moist and wet weather they are to be put in a warme place where no ill smoake cometh with often turning them vpside downe They must also be kept frée from Sunne moisture dust and smoake and be hanged vp in such a place where the wind and fresh aire may sometime come to them The lesser rootes as of Sparage Valerian Azarabacca are kept longer then a yeare and continue of like force and vertue The great and hard rootes as of Brionie Gentian and Aristologie as also amongst the lesser both kinds of Neesewort may well be reserued thrée yeares together without any let or hinderance to their vertue The rindes of the rootes being separated as is aforesaid from the innermost wooddie parts shall in like sort be dried and kept As concerning herbes it is the common opinion Herbes that they ought to be gathered within thirtie daies as from the 15. of August vnto the 15. of September But séeing that some herbs do sooner come to their full perfection and growth other some later which difference for the most part dependeth on the diuersitie of the countrie or else of the ground and place where they growe the best time of gathering them shall be either when they beare their flower or when the leafe is at the biggest and when they smell strongest and are best coloured They must bée dried in the shade or else in a reasonable warme place where neither dust nor smoke can come at them They continue not in their full vertue and strength aboue one yeare All manner of Flowers shall be gathered when they are full blowne and wide open Flowers while they be fresh and not withered not when they haue lost their smell Roses must be gathered when they begin to blowe and as yet not full blowne None of them all may be kept aboue one yeare except the flowers of Cammomil and that is by reason they be naturally drie the sweet smelling flowers are longest preserued and kept in boxes of Lentill wood Concerning Fruites Nature it selfe teacheth vs Fruites that they ought to be gathered or plucked from the trée not bruising them at such a time when they are at the ripest those that haue stones in them may haue the stones if it so seeme good taken foorth afterwards
bloud there is no greater veine than the Lyuer veine which appeareth none otherwise but as the body of a trée which is thickest beneath in the ground and at his beginning and besides his roote stretching foorth wide and broad and the branches aboue do spread themselues againe in many sprigs or twigs And thus it is also with the arteries wherefore the foresaid authors haue also affirmed that the Lyuer is none other thing but like to a root and fountaine of all other veines so that she doth impart her bloud first of all to the heart as to the most noble part of the bodie This is now sufficiently spoken in generall of the bloud veines whereof we will speake and discourse more at large hereafter Of the Arteries §. 2. WHereof Galen writeth thus the Arteries are vessels of the thin and clean bloud wherein are more naturall spirits or ayre more heate drith and féeling than in the bloud veines which remaine alwaies panting and beating They haue their ofspring of the left concauitie of the hart and the first branch a little off from his roote is parted in twaine whereof the one part goeth vpwards and the other downewards where in both places the foresaid bloud-veines are spread abroad with diuers small veins so that there be few arteries without veins This altogether is most diligently described by Aristotle Galen Albert and also of Walter Rijf and at last with liuely figures it is apparant to the eyes These arteries or pulse veines be by nature as is said much hotter drier thicker sensiblier and harder than the bloud veines Partly like vnto the nature of the sinewes they also receiue some bloud but it is subtiller and fairer than the bloud of the veines they be also much more replenished with vitall spirits than the veines which is also a cause of their continuall panting and mouing which hapneth so forcible that the same is outwardly felt ouer the whole bodie and especially on the hands féet temples of the head and on other places me may be séene and felt All Phisitions may déeme thereby whether the nature be strong or feeble and all according as the pulse beateth swift slow hard soft steddie or very trembling The auncient Phisitions haue bene of opinion that both these sorts of veines and especially the arteries if they be cut or chopt off could not be consolidated againe yea that the heart veines be vtterly incurable But Galenus acknowledgeth verily that the same could hardly be effected in men that be old but in young people otherwise Of women and young children doth he admonish that one should not be discouraged for that he had saith he healed inough himselfe that were wounded after that manner For this be also before many good remedies in the second part the fift Chapter and 18. § if a veine be broken in the breast or any other place which may also be vsed inwardly and outwardly for this purpose In like manner you may also vse for it this confection insuing Take Henbane séede and white Poppie séedes of each one ounce and a quarter Sealed earth and red Corall of each fiue dragmes old conserue of Roses the older the better foure ounces temper all together and take thereof in the morning and euening each time halfe a dragme and no more this is very good and also forcible for all kinds of bléeding When as now the veines do swell be it of whatsoeuer cause it will then annoint them with Treacle or Mithridate Of the Bloud §. 3. IT is sufficiently knowne that mans bodie is ioyned together of foure kinds of humors or complexions to wit of Bloud Cholera Melancholia and Phlegma but amongst these is the bloud one of the best partly for that it is the matter of the vitall spirits wherein life it selfe hath his being or for that it is to be compared with the beginning of life because it is by nature warme and moist or because it hath more vertue to nourish and to sustaine than any of the other humors In fine it is such a Iewell of nature that if the same be taken away then death doth ensue Cholera and Melancholia haue their proper places or residences in the bodie wherein they do gather themselues as we haue of late declared from which places they do also shew their power in the ingendring of sicknesses But the bloud and Phlegma are so diuided into two parts of the bodie that one cannot so soone â—pon the skin in any place but immediatly the bloud doth issue foorth and that the veins be the vessels and habitation of the bloud hath bene declared before without the which there can also no bloud be found except in the least concauitie of the heart Wherefore Albertus hath bene of none other opinion but that the veines do begin there and not in the liuer The nature of the bloud is hot and moist yea so hot that in the whole bodie there is nothing â—otten and to the contrarie nothing colder than the Phlegma Therefore this hote and moist bloud is giuen to all liuing creatures not onely for a nourishment of all members of the bodie but also to maintaine them by their naturall warmth and no otherwise For example good wood is laid vpon the fire for to warme a whole chamber with it in like sort also as the fire is abated and his burning taken away if the same be ouercharged with too much wood or if the wood be too moist also if the wood be pluckt away or too litle laid vpon it so is it with the heate of the heart that if the same be too much or too litle likewise ouerâ—old vnmeasurable hote or is too féeble When the heart shall féele these kind of diseases then will all other members of the bodie be partakers thereof It is also the opinion and censure of all learned that the bloud is the most principal meanes in the mothers bodie whereby the heart as the chiefe part of the bodie hath his beginning Concerning his nature and propertie then is this not a small miracle of nature that it hath â—n féeling of it selfe neuerthelesse it is cause of the same and of life also And it is found by daily experience that if there run much bloud from any creature that therby come swounings yea the life it selfe runneth out with the bloud Neither is the bloud alike in all men nor in all members it getteth also through age many kinds of nature In children it is thin and waterish in youth hote and sharpe in men at the fullest and best of all and in all these aforesaid very much and abundant In age there is but little thicke and blacke and clotting very sodeinly as well inwardly as outwardly vpon the bodie In like maner it is also sure that how fatter a body is so much lesse bloud hath he for that it is through the fatnes consumed as is séene that all fat hath no bloud in it Contrarily how much the leaner so much the blacker
womens termes it warmeth the backe it asswageth the paine of the same it breaketh the stone it expelleth vrine the stone grauell and the slime whereof the grauell is ingendred it increaseth womens milke it cureth sowre belchings of the stomacke it is good against all wambling and vomiting it allayeth the Cough and all hoarsenesse of the throate But aboue all is this Fennell séede commended against the darknesse of the eyes for it preserueth people from all volines on the eyes it sharpeneth the sight if one take the same morning and euening to wit after meales and cheweth the same long Coâ—â—â— doth grow much in Apulia it hath the same vertue with the Caraway It is also very good for them which be plagued with the grauell and can hardly make their water The Caraway seede is hotter and dryer by nature than the Annis or Fennell therefore it is stronger and more forcible and especially doth it warme the stomacke and all inward parts it openeth all obstructions it forceth vrine it breaketh the stone it expelleth sand and grauell it driueth out winds and it taketh away all paine and chollicke of the belly The confected Almonds are good against all diseases of the Lights and the throate against all drie Coughs and narrownes of the brest it strengtheneth all weake people and all them which do consume away The bitter Almonds do expell vrine and grauell they do dry the braines and do hinder the ascending vapors they withstand all drunkennes and be good against many diseases of the brest and of the lights The hasell nuts haue in some sort the same nature with the Almonds but they with the red shales haue an especiall operation and vertue for all scowrings and laskes and especially to staunch the bloudie Fluxe All sorts of hasell nuts be more wholesome confected with sugar than otherwise as one may see and reade in many places of this booke The Pingles be also of the same nature with the Almonds and be especiall good for all leaue folkes for that they strengthen much yet are the kernels to be layed 24. howers before to stéepe in Rosewater and then to be dried againe for they augment much humane séede Of the confected Spices Peeles Rootes and such like §. 3. THe Ginger the Cinnamom the Cloues the Nutmegs the Mace Cucubes Orange peeles Citron péeles Marioram and the sliced Licorice are likewise confected with Sugar These foresaid do kéepe all alike the properties of their natures and be especiall good in time of the Plague for that they make good breath which will not lightly be infected It is also to be noted that all that which is to be confected for phisicke must be couered very thin with sugar but onely the spices may well be confected somewhat thicker The common baked Ginger sugar is thus prepared Take one pound of sugar and seeth it with Well water clarifie it as the sugar is wont to be boyled for baked sugar and when it beginneth to be cold then mixe fiue dragmes of powned Ginger amongst it and when you see that it beginneth to be thicke then powre it vpon a stone or a table which is made fat with a little sallad oyle Yet another baked sugar Take Ginger two dragmes and a halfe Cinnamom one quarter of an ounce Cloues one dragme Mace and Nutmegs of each halfe a dragme Sugar one pound séeth it and do as before You haue in like manner also in the third part the eleuenth Chapter and 20. § a baked sugar which purgeth mildly whereof one may take a quarter of an ounce at once The 4. Chapter Of preserued Fruits Flowers and other things TO the end that all Fruites Flowers Rindes and in fine all that is preserued with Sugar or with Hony be not parted from the former therefore we will in this chapter comprehend all that is preserued in Sugar or decocted as Conserues and also declare their vertues How to confect the Elecampane roote §. 1. IN the spring of the yeare is this roote to be digged out of the ground and the outtermost péeles to be cut off the roote made very cleane afterwards cut it in somewhat thicke shiues or slices this being done then séeth the same very softly in two kindes of water one after the other to the end the bitternesse may be taken away and be very mellow Then lay them on a cleane cloth to the end they may waxe somewhat drie Put them in a leaded pot and powre méetly hard sodden Sugar vpon them but that it be not too hot vntill the rootes be couered This shall stand so a day and a night then shall the Sugar draw all the moisture vnto it which as yet is in the roote and afterwards powre the Sugar off againe and boile it vnto a sirupe this being done then powre it lukewarme vpon it and do this so often as the rootes giue any moisture from them These preserued Elecampane rootes be a very good medicine for all cold diseases of the bladder They take away the piping of the breast and the shortnesse of breath They be also good against the Cough the spetting of bloud against the paine of the sides they strengthen the stomacke and the digestion They cleanse also the same from all vncleane humors they breake the stone and moue womens termes They separate also all tough phlegme of the breast they heale the vlcers of the Lights and all inward parts and especially they warme the stomacke and the Matrix To preserue blacke Cherries §. 2. TAke blacke Cherries as they come from the trée and then cut off the stalkes for two pound of Cherries take one pound of Sugar and séeth the same and clarifie it when it is then halfe boyled put in the Cherries and then let them séeth all together softly to the end the Cherries do not breake and that so long vntill that the Sugar be drawne betweene the fingers with small thréeds And when as now the broth is almost cold then put the Cherries in a leaded pot with the stalks vpwards for so they will remaine good a whole yeare And in this manner shall red Cherries also be preserued These Cherries be not onely acceptable for them that be sicke but also good for all kind of heate they moisten the dry mouth the tongue and the throate they quench thirst they make appetite and refresh debilitie The conserue of Cherries is thus prepared Take blacke Cherries as many as you please let them séeth well in wine wring them thorough a cloth or thorough an hairen strainer and afterwards let it seeth againe vntill it be thicke stirring it alwaies well about Vnto thrée pounds of this iuice put two pounds of Sugar and afterwards séeth them together to the full thicknesse There may also a Conserue of Cherries be made with spices as hereafter followeth Take of the foresaid Conserue whilst that it is yet warme one pound and temper powned Cinnamom amongst it and Nutmegges of each one quarter of an ounce Ginger and
whensoeuer Sulphur or brimstone is found in any composition then shalt thou vnderstand Sulphur vife Bryonie in Gréeke Ampelos Leuce Bryonia Leuce Psilothium Ophyostaphilos Melotrum Archisostris Cedrostis Hippocrates calleth it Echetrosis Plinie Madon In latine Bryonia Vitis alba and Bryonia alba Vua serpentina Vua angâ—tina Rorastrum of Apuleius Dentaria and Apiastellum in the Arabian tongue Alphesera and Fescera The other kinde is called the blacke Brionie but it is not so common with vs as the white the leaues of this are not much vnlike to the long Hartwort leaues but they are somewhat longer and tenderer fashioned like a Hart it runneth vp into the hedges like the white This blacke Brionie is called of Dioscorides Ampelos melaena Chironios ampelos Bucranium and Plinie calleth it Cynacanthe In Latine Bryonia nigra Vitis nigra Vitis Chironia Batanuta Betisalca and of Plinie Apronia The Herbarists call it Tamarus Taminus Tamus and Vua taminia the Arabians Alfesiresin and Fesiresin yet it is altogether vnknowne to our Phisitions and Apothecaries It groweth very much about Lauterberge in the woods and hedges thereabout Whensoeuer thou doest find Briony in any coÌ„position without any addition then shalt thou vnderstand the white Bryony onely Broome is altogether vnknowne to the Grecians Plinie calleth it Genista at the Apothecaries Genesta and Genestra The Simplicists call it Spartium scoparium and Genesta scoparia for a difference of the spanish broome which Dioscorides calleth Spartium Bucke Hircus of this beast are many things and parts vsed in phisicke Buffle Bubalus Buglosse Oxetoong Land de beuf in Latine and Gréeke Buglossa Buglossum Lingua bouis Lingua bubula the Gréekes do also call it Euphrosinon or Nepenthes these are the true names of the Buglosse of the auncient Phisitions The herbes that now a dayes are called Buglosses are in number 8. whereof thrée are tame or garden Buglosses and fiue wild The first kind is called the Spanish Buglosse which is the true Buglosse of Dioscorides as euery one doth acknowledge that compareth it with the description the Simplicists call it Spanish Buglos Buglossum sempervirens and Mesues calleth it Buglossa domestica The second kinde is called Burrage Borago and Corago it is both common and well knowne Many do take this to be the right Buglosse but indéede the former is to be taken for the right The third is our small Oxetoong or Lang de beuf which the Apothecaries do dayly vse and is called the lesser Buglosse and of the Herbariffs Buglossa minor Buglossa officinarum The fourth kind of Buglos although with vs it be planted in gardens yet notwithstanding it is a wild Buglosse for by Merburge in Lottering and also in Fraunce it groweth very common in euery field It is called the greater Buglosse Italian Buglosse Buglossum Italicum Buglossum Gallicum and at the Apothecaries Buglossa maior Mesues doth call it Buglossa syluestris and other will make a kind of Echium of it The first kinde and the second among the wilde Buglosses groweth not aboue one foote in height it beareth a purple flower admixed with blew it is commonly found in woods and in sandy grounds it is both in smel and taste like the lesser Buglosse and is called also the lesser wild Buglosse The Simplicists call this fift kind of Buglosse Buglossa syluatica lingua Ouina and Cynoglossa minor The sixt kind and the third wild Oxetoong groweth not aboue a spanne and a halfe in height it is very sharp pricking it beareth a light blew flower it is found in gardens and in other well tilled places of it selfe the Herbarists cal it Buglossum Echiotes and BuglossuÌ„ syluestre spinosum The seuenth buglosse and the fourth among the wild ones is also coÌ„monly so called it groweth euery where by the high way sides and drie places it is well knowne to euery man vnder the name of Buglosse it is called in Gréeke and latine Echium Alcibiacum and of Aegineta Alcibiadium and Dorias of the simplicists Buglossum viperinum and Buglossum syluestre The eight kind and fift wild buglosse is called red Buglosse because it hath red rootes it is called in Gréeke and latine Anchusa but Matthias Syluaticus doth call it Lactuca asinin the Herbarists cal it Buglossa rubra and the Apothecaries Alcanna but Alcanna is other whiles taken for Ligustrum The first sixe kindes of of tame and wild Buglosses are moyst and méetly warme in time of neede they may be vsed one for another Bull Taurus Burre the greater in Gréeke Prosopis Prosopium in Latine Acrium Personata Personatia Bardana and at the Apothecaries Lappa maior Butchers Broome or Knéeholme in Gréeke Oxymyrsine Myrsine Agria Myrtacantha Myacantha Schinchus Scingus Catangelos Gyrenia Ocneron Cine and Chamaemyrtus In Latine Myrtus syluestris Myrtus Aculeata Myrtus acuminata Myrtus humilis Myrtus terrestris Genitura Herculis Ruscus and Spina murina the Herbarists do call it Spina vespertilionis Palma murina the Apothecaries Bruscus and Dioscorides Hiera myrtus that is sacra myrtus This Butchers broome is only planted in gardens in Germanie although his rootes and red berries be dayly vsed of the Apothecaries In France it groweth very common in diuers places to wit about Orliens and Montargy C. CAbbage or Coleworts a Cabbage is called in Gréeke Crambe Cephalote and Nicander doth call it Gaster In Latine Caulis imperialis Brassica capitata Brassica tritiana Caulis capitatus Caulis albus Brassica alba and the Apothecaries name it Caputium this is most common of all other kindes of Coleworts we call it a Cabbage The other sort of Cabbages is called of Plinie Lacuturris and of the Simplicists Brassica lacuturria or Brassica sabaudica of some Sauoy Coleworts The third kinde is called the red Cabbage in Greeke Caulodes in Latine Brassica cumana Brassica leuis and Brassica rubra The fourth sort is named crisped or crumpled Coleworts this is much swéeter than any of the rest and it hath crumpled or wrinkled leaues like to the headed Lettice for which cause it is called in Dutch Lattoucoole that is Lettice Coleworts and by Plinie Brassica sabellica and by the Herbarists Brassica crispa maior and Brassica dulcis The fift sort is the lesser crumpled cabbage in Greeke Selinoides or Selinusia and by Athenaeus Brassica crispa minor Brassica Apiana and Caulis crispus minor The sixt kind is the common Coleworts and is also vsed in phisicke it is called Crambe Caulis or Brassica without any addition The seuenth sort is the caulyflorie or flowered Cabbage Plinie calleth it Brassica Pompeiana and the Simplicists Brassica cypriana and Florecaulis The eight kind is called Rapecole or Rapocaulis but this sort was altogether vnknowne to our predecessors Calamine is the oare of brasse Cadmia Cadmia fossilis Cadmia natiua for a difference of Cadmia factitia or Tuttie Plinie nameth it Lapidem aerosum the Apothecaries barberously call it Climiam Cathimiam and Lapidem Calaminarem and those that worke
Herba capillaris Apuleij the same Herba casta Paeonia Piony Herba clauellata Harts ease Herba crinita Apuleij Maydenhaire Herba cincinnalis Verueine Herba columbaris wilde Cypresse Herba cochlearis Brassica marina sea cole Herba centonica officinarum Absinthium marinum sea Wormewood Herba diuae Mariae Magdalenae Phu ponticum a kinde of Valerian Herba diuae Otiliae Consolida regalis Larks spur Herba diui Petri the lesser Gentian Herba diui Quirini Horse hoofe Herba diui Georgij Phu ponticum a kinde of Valerian Herba diui Ruperti  Herba diui Valentini Paeonia alba a kinde of Piony Herba flammea Harts ease Herba flauea Melilotum nobile Melilote Herba fortis Consolida Saracenica  Herba fullonum Teasell Herba cederalis Asclepias Swallow wort Herba hirundinaria minor the lesser Celandine or Pylewort Herba inguinalis Bubonium an herbe called also Aster Herba Iouis Sedum Housléeke Herba lactaria Tithymalus Spurge Herba lanaria  Herba leporina a kinde of Mallowes Herba Mercurij Mercurialis herbe Mercury Herba margarita Daisies Herba militaris Millefolium Yarrow or Nosebléede Herba mula Asplenium Fingerferne Herba muralis Celsi Pellitory of the wall Herba ocularia Eyebright Herba ophthalmica the same Herba orbicularis Cyclaminus Rape violet Herba panarcij Herbariorum Lamium album a kinde of dead nettles Herba paralysis Cowslips Herba pauonis Persicaria Ars smart Herba pedicularis Staphisagria Licebane Herba perdicalis Apuleij Perdicium Persicary Herbae pulicaris Persicaria Arse smart Herba primi floris herba paralytica Primroses Herba pyrifolia seu perifolia Herbariorum Pyrola wilde béetes or winter gréene Herba Roberta and Herba Ruperti herb Robin Herba regia Basill Herba sanguinalis Polygonum Knotgrasse Herba sanguinalis mas the male Knotgrasse Herba sanguinalis soemina Polygonum foemina Knotgrasse female Herba sardonia Ranunculus Crowfoote Herba scelerata Idem Herba scorbuti Brassica marina Scuruygrasse Herba salutaris Apuleij Rosemary Herba solis Herbariorum S. Iohns wort Herba solis Aetij polygonum Knotgrasse Herba Sophiae Herbariorum  Herba sortis Consolida saracenica  Herba stataria Peucedanum Hogs fenell Herba sacra Verbena Verueine Herba Trinitatis Harts ease Herba topiaria Bearefoote Herba tonitrui Sedum Houseléeke Herba tunica officinarum Gelofers Herba tunica Gordonij Ocimastrum  Herba tunica Minfredi Gelofers Herba turca Carduus benedictus or blessed thistle Herba Thymiana Herbariorum Tyme Herba vermicularis SeduÌ„ minus Prickmadam Herba virginea Parthenium Feuerfew Herba vitraria Pellitory of the wall Herba vitri Auicennae Perdicium the same Herba vrinaria Herbariorum Hedipnois Dandelion Herba vrceolaris Pellitory of the wall Herculeus morbus the falling euill Hermodactylus Arabum Dogs bane Hermodactylus Dioscoridis Pentaphyllon a kinde of dogs bane Hermodactylus Actuarij the roote of Behen Hermodactylus Nicolai Myrepsi the same Hermodactylus albus white Behen Hermodactylus Rubeus red Behen Hermia Ramex a rupture Hermia Osceano a great rupture Hernia Oscealis the same Herpacantha Acanthus Bearefoote Herpes a corroding vlcer or wolfe Herpes exedens the same Herisypila Erisypelas an inflammation called the rose Herpillum Serpillum wild tyme or Ladies bedstraw Hesperis Viola lutea Wall flowers Hibiscus a kinde of Mallow Hieracopodium Lychnis syluestris  Hiera pachij a purging confection so called Hierabotane Dioscoridis Verbena Verueine Hierabotane Scribonij Betonica Betonie Hieralogodion officinarum or Hiera lagadij the name of a purging confection Hiera picra or Hiera picra simplex a very bitter confection Hiera Ruffi a purging confection Hiera Athenaei and Hiera Theophrasti the Flouredeluce Hieromyrtus Ruscus Knéeholme Hilbane Granum paradisi Graines Hippocras fontis officinarum Aqua Hippocratica Hippocras Hippocras officinarum Vinum Hippocraticum the same Hippocraticum vinum the same Hippocistis officinarum vide Hypocistis Hippolapathium a water Docke Hippoglossum Adders toong Hippomalache Malua equina horse Mallowes Hipposelinum Angelica Hippopleuron Houndes ribbe a kinde of Plantaine Hippuris equisetum Horse tayle Hirundinaria a Horsleach Hirudo the same Hirundo a Swallow Hispanach Arabum Spinachia Spinage Hordeum Barley Hordeum Galaticum Rice Hordei cremor Ptisana Barley husked and sodden in water Humeralis vena the shoulder vaine Humerus the shoulder Humor Scrupeus poetarum Podagra the Gout Humulus Lupulus Hoppe Hyacinthus Helodias Porphyrantes a purple flower that we call Crowtoes There are fower kinds of it two of them as the greater and lesser are most in vse the other two sortes I will passe ouer for breuity sake The first kinde hath narrowe leaues like the wilde Onion with a stalke about one span in height vpoÌ„ this on euery side grow flowers of a light purple colour much like the Amethyst or Iacinct stone on the top of all are the flowers somwhat lesser sadder in colour This is the right Hyacinthus of Dioscorides it groweth commonly in tilled grounds and of some is called Hogs onion because Hogs greatly delight in eating of it the Herbarists call it Hyacinthus maior and Bulbus porcinus The other is somewhat lesse and groweth in woods it flowreth in March and hath pretie little blew flowers not much vnlike the May Lillies or Liriconfansie the roote is like little Onions This is called in some places blew May flowers of the Herbarists Hyacinthus minor Allium caninum and Bulbus caninus Palladius also maketh mention of a blew Hyacinthus In like sorte is the yellow Lillie Lillium luteum or Hemerocallis the Hyacinthus of Ouid which Theocritus calleth Hyacinthus scriptus to make it differ from the right Hyacinthus the Herbarists call it Hyacinthus poetarum Virgil calleth it Hyacinthus suaue rubens Hyacinthus molâ—is and Pausanias termeth it Comosandalon Hyaecinthus maior Herbariorum or Hyacinthus Dioscoridis Crowtoes vide Hyacinthus Hyacinthus minor Herbariorum vide Hyacinthus Hyacinthus Palladij vide Hyacinthus Hyacinthus poëtarum Hemerocallis vide Hyacinthus Hyacinthus Ouidij vide Hyacinthus Hyacinthus mollis Virgilij yellow Lillies Hyacinthus scriptus Theocriti vide Hyacinthus Hyacinthus suaue rubens vide Hyacinthus Hyacinthus gemma a Iacinct Hydrargyrum Argentum viuum Quicksiluer Hydrargyrum natiuum vomica liquoris aeterni rerum omnium venenuÌ„ Plinio vocatur Quicksiluer of the Mine Hydrargyrum factitium Quicksiluer which is made of Cinoper Hydrolapathum Lapathum palustre water Dockes Hydromeli aqua mulsa Meade Hydrophobus à rabido cane morsus hée that is bitten of a mad dogge he that is afeard of water Hydropper Persicaria Arse smart HypposelinuÌ„ Apium palustre Louage Alisander Hyophthalmus Aster atticus the herbe Bubonium Hyoscyamus Henbane Hypericum S. Iohns woort Hypericum petraeum is that which is now taken for Carpobalsamum but vniustly Hypochyma Pitch Hypocistis is also called Barba hircina and Orobetrum it groweth at the roote of the herbe Cistus much like the flower of the Pomegranate and is full of iuice which being wroong out and dried is also called Hypocisiâ— and of Apothecaries Hippocistis or