Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
ground_n	flower_n	grow_v	small_a	4,070	5	5.9979	4	true

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A14059	The first and seconde partes of the herbal of William Turner Doctor in Phisick, lately ouersene, corrected and enlarged with the thirde parte, lately gathered, and nowe set oute with the names of the herbes, in Greke Latin, English, Duche, Frenche, and in the apothecaries and herbaries Latin, with the properties, degrees, and naturall places of the same. Here vnto is ioyned also a booke of the bath of Baeth in England, and of the vertues of the same with diuerse other bathes, moste holsom and effectuall, both in Almanye and England, set furth by William Turner Doctor in Phisick. God saue the Quene; New herball	Turner, William, d. 1568.	1568 (1568)	STC 24367; ESTC S117784	522,976	674

froÌ„ the roote vnto the top with litle grene leaues / whereby it doth wonderfully represent an eare of corne This / whose figure ye se former in order grewe in the top of the alpes / wher as I gathered it my selfe but ther is a much lesse kinde then this is / which groweth in the mountaines of Germany and wales / and it crepeth hard by the ground / al rough and full of smal leues The vttermost braunches whilse the herbe is not full growen / represent a Crowisfoote / and euery ende alone is lyke a smalle eare of grene corne But at the fartherest ende of the herbe / when it is growen as muche as it will growe / there commeth out of the one of the braunches a litle stalke / litle more then an inche a halfe long / which is full of smal ioyntes / and euerye iointe hath litle hores tuftes coming out Out of the ende of the stalke cometh two rough fruytes / much like vnto the longe blomes that come furth of the Haselnut tree in winter but they are a great deale smaller and yellower / then the nut blomes are / somthing rough It maye be called in English Heth Crowfoot / or Heth firr / or creping pine Amatus Lusitanus writing vpon Chameleuce / sayeth that Chameleuce is called in Latin Chamepeuce / and in his enarration he sayeth / although thys chapter be red indifferently of Chameleuce Chamepeuce / that Pliny maketh mention of them as of two diuerse thinges I wold axe of Amatus / of what one auncient writer / is the chapter of Chameleuce indifferently red of Chameleuce and of Chamepeuce both If there be no auncient autor that doth so / what newe autor is there / that redeth the chapter so who oughte not to gyue place vnto the autorite of Pliny / whiche maketh two diuerse herbes of Chameleuce and Chamepeuce But Amatus folowing Matthiolus / the autorite of Pliny despised / concludeth in these wordes Chamepeuce beyng like in leaues to the Larche or Larix tre leaues / is good for the ache of the loynes and ridge bone / which herbe agreeth much in those thinges that are spoken of Dioscorides / so that we may iustly say that Chamepeuce Plinij is the herbe that Dioscorides intreateth of in this present chapter / that is to say Chameleuce So far Amatus If the Chamepeuce agre with those things that Dioscorides gyueth to Chameleuce / then hath Chamepeuce leues bowyng inward certain braunches a floure lyke a rose Chamepeuce hath leues like a Larch tre / nowe where is there one thinge that Dioscorides gyueth to Chameleuce that Chamepeuce hath / sauing that it is good for the ache of the loynes / and who sayeth that Chamepeuce is good for the loynes Is it not Pliny If it be Pliny / why doth not Amatus beleue Pliny in making Chameleuce and Chamepeuce two diuerse herbes / as in saying that Chamepeuce is good for the ache of the loynes If Plinye lese his credit / and be not worthy to be beleued in the one thing / he leseth it also in the other / and so when Pliny is not to be beleued that Chamepeuce is good for the ache of the loynes / in what one thinge doth Chamepeuce of Pliny agre wyth those thinges that Dioscorides giueth vnto Chameleuce / sauinge that they begin both in Chame / and end in euce The properties of Chamepeuce PLiny sayth that Chamepeuce is good for the ache of the loynes and of the ridge bone / they vse it in Denmarke in East Freseland with olde wine or milke / agaynst the scuerbuch / which is called in the Northcountre the scrubby ill / or the crepel ill / and in Germanye men put it vnto wyne / when it is longe / or ropinge / or hanginge / within fewe dayes as they saye / it amendeth the wine againe Tragus calleth this herbe Muscum terrestrem in Latin / and in Duch Beerlap / and he sayth that it is knowen by experience / that thys herbe dronken with wine / breaketh the stone Some both in Duchland and England abuse thys herbe for Spica celtica Of ground Pyne Aiuga prima Chamaepitys secunda CHamepitys in Greke / is called in Latin Aiuga or Abiga / and of the Potecaries Iua muscata / and Iua arthritica / in Duch Ie lenger je lieber / as Fuchsius sayeth / but other reproue him in that / and say that the name belongeth vnto an other herbe / in French Iue muscate it may be called in English Ground pyne Chamepitys is of thre kindes / the first kind hath leues like vnto stone crop / but much thinner Aiuga tertia rough and fatt / and thicke about the boughes / and hath the smell of a Pyne tree The floures be yellowe or whyte / the rootes are lyke Succore rootes This herbe crepeth vpon the ground / and somethinge croked The seconde kinde hath braunches of a cubit height or length / bowing in after the fashion of an anker / and smalle / with leues lyke the other / and a whyte floure / and a black sede The third kinde is called the male / and is but a litle one with smal leaues / white and rough / with a rough and a whyte stalke / with yelow floures / and a sede comming out at the setting on of the leaues All these thre kindes haue the smell of a Pine tree / I neuer sawe that I remember the two firste kindes / but I haue borowed their figures of them / that saye that they haue sene them As for the last kinde I haue sene it in very great plenty aboute Wormes / and in manye other places of Germany It groweth also in good plenty in Kent / and as I thynke / it groweth in diuerse other places of England But I meruel that Matthiolus maketh this that I make the laste / the firste kind / when as this kind hath in no place that euer I was in any / white floure Also it that he setteth furth for the last / as he hath set out the figure of it / is more like vnto the first kinde of Diovorides / for it hath leues more lyke vnto the lesse semperbiuo / which is called thrist / then the thirde kind hath / as any man may also se that Aiuga tertia of Matthiolus hath / which he setteth furth his owne selfe Let learned men iudge which of our opiniones is more worthy to be alowed The Properties of ground Pyne THE leaues dronken seuen dayes in wine / heale the iaundies / and the same dronken xl dayes with mede made of honye and water / helpe the sciatica they are also good for the stoppinge of the water / for the diseases of the liuer kidnes / the gnawynge of the belly some vse the broth of this herbe as a preseruatiue against the poyson of wolfes bayne leopardes bayne some vse to put barly mele and the broth

mightelye both other thinges that nede scouringe / and also the frekelles with vinegre The leues also hauing lyke qualitie / are good for freshe woundes / and grene sores / and the lesse drye they are / the bitterer do they ioyne together / and close vp woundes For those thinges that are drye / are hoter then that they can be conuenient for woundes Some ther be of that beleue / that they thinke if chese be couered with dragon leues / that they preserue it from corruption by the reason of their drye complexion The fruyt is mightier then the roote and the leues The iuyce scoureth awaye the disease of the eyes Of Dryopteris DRyopteris hath the name of an Oke a Fern / and groweth in Okes. Dioscorides describeth Dryopteris thus Dryopteris groweth in the mosse of olde Okes lyke vnto a brake / but not so much cut or iagged in the leues It hath rootes wounde one with an other / rough and astringent / and tarte in taste / turning somthing into swetenes The herbe whiche ye se here intitled with the name of Dryopteris / draweth nerest vnto the description of Dryopteris of anye herbe that I knowe Howebeit / besyde diuers other thinges / there be two thinges that make me thinke that it should not be the perfite Dryopteris one is it that groweth in walles with maydens heyre / and in manye bushe rootes / and chefely of them that are in darke laynes / and not in the mosse of olde oke trees The other is that I can not finde the vertue that Dioscorides speaketh of that / to pull of here and to putrefye Manye haue vsed this herbe for the true Adiantum / and namelye the Potecaries of Louan when as I was there It is proued by experience that this herbe is verye good for the stone / ether with wine / or with almone milke made with maydens heyre Of Wallwurte WAlwurt is named in English also Danwurte / in Greke Chameacte / in Latin Ebulus / in Duche Attich / in FreÌ„ch Hieble Walwurt is a great deal lower then Elder is / more like an herb / it hath a foursquared stalk ful of iointes / the leues are like vnto the leues of an almond tre / but longer / grow certain spaces goyng betwene aboute euery iointe stretched furth standinge oute like two winges / Ebulus one agaynst an other / indented and stinkinge It hath a spoky or a bushy top as Elder hath / lyke floures and fruyte The roote is longe as great as a finger Walwurt groweth much about Cambridge / and in many other places of England / and also in manye places of Germany Howbeit I coulde neuer se the stalke in any place as yet vnsquared Notwithstandinge I knowe well that it is the true Ebulus or walwurte The vertues of Walwurte ELder and Danwurt haue al one strenght and one vertue to dry vp / they draw water furth of the belly / are euel for the stomache The leues are sodden like wurtes to draw oute choler fleme The tender stalkes sodden in pannes or dishes / bringe thesame thinge to passe The roote boyled in wine gyuen in meate helpeth the dropsy After the same maner dronken / it is good for the bytinges of viperes The broth of it softeneth the mother if a woman sit in it It letteth also the winde go furth of theÌ„ / amendeth the fautes of theÌ„ The berries dronken in wine / are of thesame effect If they be layde to / they make blacke heyre If the leues beyng as yet tendre softe be layd to after the maner of a pultes / they swage an inflammation and hote burning They are good to be layd vnto burned places / to the places that are bitten of dogges They drawe together the woundes that gape and become a fistula The leaues are good for the goute if they be layd to with bulles talow or gotes swete Of Smallage Elioselinon ELioselinon after the translation of Theodore / is called in Latine Paludapium / in Englishe Smallage or Marche / in Duche Eppich And the Potecaries haue longe called this herbe in Latin apium / but vniustlye / for apium is not Smallage / but Perselye / which thinge I haue sufficiently proued / where as I haue written of perselye Dioscorides writeth that Elioselinon is greater then apium is / and that it groweth in moyst places / wherof it hath the name I haue sene it growe oft times by brook sydes in a certain Iland of East Freseland / called Nordenye / by the seasyde The sauour of smallage is a great dele stronger worse sauoringe then perselye is / and diuerse practicioners holde that the herbe both smelled and eaten / is ieperdous for them that are in danger of that fallinge sycknes For it maketh them fall streyght waye that haue smelled or eaten of it / as they reporte The vertues of Smallage DIoscorides writeth that persely smallage ar al of one vertue streÌ„ght Howbeit for the cause aboue rehersed / I wold aduise meÌ„ rather to vse persely theÌ„ smallage If that ye be desyrous to know the hole properties of perselye / and there shal ye finde the properties of smallage But although Persely be lesse hurtful then smallage is / yet ther are good writers that hold that euen the leues of persely also are euel for them that haue the fallinge sicknes Of Heth. Irica Heth. IRica is called in Greke Erice / in English Heth hather / and Ling / in Duche Heyd / in Frenche Bruyer Irica sayth Dioscorides is a busshy tre lyke vnto Tamarisk / but muche lesse / of whose floures bees make noughty honye Dioscorides calleth Ericam a tre / which is rather so named for the formes sake then for the hyghte / for it neuer ryseth vp vnto the length and hyghnes of a tre Pliny in the xv chapter of the forsaide boke wryteth that Erica groweth in woddes / which I coulde yet neuer se in any such plentye as in playne groundes and wilde feldes and some hilles For our heth groweth in playnes and in wild groundes / and in moyste places / and vpon som wodles hilles The hyest heth that euer I saw / groweth in Northumberland / which is so highe that a man maye hyde him selfe in it The vertues of Heth. BOth the smal leaues and floures heale bytinges of serpentes Galene writeth that the floures and leaues are moste chefely to be vsed / whiche haue pour by ventinge oute or transpiration maketh rype and digesteth I rede in Paul Egineta / among the receytes which are made agaynst the diseases of the milt oft tymes mention of Heth. Wherfore seyng that both Dioscorides setteth nexte vnto tamarisk heth who vseth to set herbes of lyke fashion and propertie together and Paule Eginete vseth it with tamariske I thinke that it is much better to vse it for tamarisk / then Quickboome / otherwyse called rountre or Quickentre / seyng Quickboom hath no

Iuy / diuided into fyne corners as it were synewes / appearinge somthyng furth aboue the rest / drawyng themself into a sharp poynte The leaues are lyke Iuye in figure / sauing that they are round / and haue a sharper ende The commodites and properties of the Lynde tre The later wryters hold that the distelled water of the floures of the Lind tre / is good for the growyng and griping of the belly / and for the blody flixe / som vse the same agaynst the falling siknes The coles of the Linde tre beaten into pouder / menged wyth the pouder of the eyes of creuesses / dissolue clotted blood / and are good for them that are brused wyth a fall The middel or inner bark layd in / stepe in water / hath a slymye moysture / whyche is knowen by experience to be good agaynst all kindes of burnyng ther is no cole of any tre that serueth better to make gun pouder of / then the coles of the Linde tre Of the kindes of Tithymales or kindes of Spourges DIoscorides maketh vij kindes of Tithymales or Spourges The fyrst is the male called Chariacias / of other Comeles / of other Cobius or Amigdeloides The stalkes of thys excede a cubit in hyght / in color rede / full of bitinge and whyte iuyce The leaues are about the twigges like vnto oliue leaues / but longer and narrower The roote is thyck and woddye In the toppes of the stalkes there is a thyck busshy thynge lyke vnto small twigges / and vnder them are holowe places lyke vnto basynes / and there in is sede It groweth in roughe places and in mountaynes Thys kinde haue I sene in diuerse places of England Fyrst in Suffock in my lorde Wentfurthis parte besyde Nettelstede / afterward in Sion parke / aboue London / it maye be called woode spourge The seconde kinde is the female / and is called myrtites / and it hath leaues lyke a myrtel tre / but greater and sounde / at the poynte sharp and prickye / it bringeth furth long braunches a span longe It bringeth furth euerye other year a fruyte lyke a nut that gently biteth the tonge Thys groweth also in sharp places Thys kynde haue I neuer sene growynge oute of gardines I knowe no English name for it / but it may be called myrtel spourge Tithymalus Helioscopius Thys kind in dede hath leaues lyke flaxe / but they are much broder and longer / and growe thycker together vpon the braunches I knowe no English name that this hath / but vntill we get a better / it maye be called ether sea spourge / or flax spourge The fourth is called Helioscopius It hath leaues lyke vnto porcellayne / but thinner / and rounder It bringeth furth from the roote iiij or v. braunches / small / a span hygh / rede / full of much whyte licore The top is lyke vnto dyll / and the sede is as it were in litle heades / the ouermost busshy top of it / is turned about / wyth the turnyng of the sonne where vpon it is called Helioscopius / that is sonturner It groweth most comonly in olde wastes / and fallen dounwalles / and about cities This kinde is called in diuerse partes of England Wartwurt it maye also be called son spourge / or son folowynge spourge It groweth muche in the grounde / where as flaxe hath growen / shortely after that it is pulled vp Cyparissias The fyft is called Cyparissias / and it hath a stalk a span long or longer / somthyng redish / out of the whych grow leaues lyke vnto the pyne tre / but tenderer and smaller / and to be short / it is lyke a yong pyne treÌ„ / lately sprong vp / where vpon it hath the name thys hath also very much whyte iuyce Thys kinde groweth much in the stuble after the corne is caried in / it is so lyke Chamepitis / that if a man take not hede / he maye be easely deceyued in taking the one for the other I haue hetherto learned no English name of thys herbe / but it maye for lack of a better name be called / pyne spourge The sixt is called Dendroides / it groweth in rockes / aboue it is very large / and full of busshy leaues full of iuyce It hath braunches somthyng rede / about the whych are leaues lyke vnto a smal myrtel The sede is lyke the sede of wod spourge I neuer sawe thys kinde that I remembre of Tithymalus Platyphyllos The seuenth kynde is called Platyphyllos / and it is lyke vnto mullen / I remembre not that euer I sawe thys kinde The vertues of the kindes of Spourges The fyrste hath a iuyce whych hath the nature to purge the belly by neth driuing out fleme and coler / taken in the quantite of a scruple wyth vinegre and water But if it be taken wyth mede / it prouoketh vomite It taketh awaye wartes that are lyke vnto pismires / and hangyng wartes / and great thyck ones / lyke the heades of tyme and scurfines If it be layd to / it is also good for aguayles and tarbuncles and freting sores and fistels The sede is gathered in Autumne / and dried in the son / and lightly brused / clenged / and it is layd vp clean The sede and the leaues do the same / that the iuice doth / if they be taken in the measure of an half aceptable The rote cast into mede in the quantite of a dram / and dronken / driueth furth by the belly The seconde kinde hath lyke vertue wyth the former kinde / but that the former kinde is stronger in prouoking of vomit The thyrd kinde is of lyke vertue wyth the former kindes The fourth is of the same nature wyth the former / but not so strong The fyft kinde and the sixt kinde is lyke the reste and the seuenth kinde killeth fishe / as all the other kindes do Of Thyme THyme as Dioscorides sayeth is a litle bushe ful of braunches / compassed round about wyth narrow leaues / and in the top it hath litle heades wyth floures / resemblinge a purple color It groweth moste in rocky groundes / and in leane or bare places Allthough Dioscorides maketh here mention but of one kinde of thyme / yet writing of epithymum / he semeth to make two kindes of thyme / where he sayeth that epithymum is the floure of an harder thyme lyke vnto sauerey And Pliny maketh mention of two kindes of thyme / wherof the one is black / and the other whyte And we se that the thime that cummeth from Venis and from Candy / is of an other kind then it that we haue growyng in England Thyme is called in Greke thyme / in Latin thymus / in Duch thymian / or welsh quendell The vertues of Thyme Thyme hath the poure to driue furth sleme throw the belly / if it be taken wyth vinegre and salt in a drinke The broth of it wyth hony helpeth them that are shortwinded / and

a man want the great Gentian / that he maye for a nede occupye this herbe in the stede of it Of Quibibbes I Haue not sene the tree / nether the leaues / of Quibibbes / for it groweth not in those places of Europa that I know of / where I haue bene / and therefore I can not describe him I haue sene the berries oft tymes / for the berries are common in England and in al countreys They are of the bignes of pepper / but lighter somwhat brouner with a litle stalke / as the Iuy berries haue They are called in barbarous Latin Cubebe I thinke that the old writers knew nothing of this simple The vertues of Quibibbes THE sede is hote in the beginning of the third degree / and perfitly in the ende of the thirde degree This berrye maketh stronge the stomake / that is weike by reason of fleme or of winde / and they scoure from the breste / tough grosse humores They helpe the milte / and dryue awaye winde / and helpe the cold diseases of the mother If they be chawed longe with mastick / they drawe fleme from the head / and strengthen the brayne / and to be short / they are good against all cold diseases Of whyte Dittanye I Haue written of two kindes of Dittany alredye in my former bokes / whereof the former is called in Latine Dictamnus / or DictaÌ„nus creticus The second is called Lepidium This kind is called in Barbarous Latin Dictamus albus / and of some writers Fraxinella / of the likenes that it hath with an ashe in the settinge of the leaues It groweth in the high mountaines in Germanye in plentye It is a very beutuous herbe / and wel smelling The floures are purple whytish / the roote is whyte / and stinketh like a goat buck / and goeth a good lenght in the ground The taste of the roote is bitter / the sede of it is blacke / and it groweth in litle smale coddes The vertues of whyte Dittanye / or Duche Dittanye THE pouder of it is good to kill wormes The hole herbe of nature is good against poison and the bitinges of venemous beastes / and also against the pestilence It is good for them which are diseased in the stomake / and for them that are shortwinded The water distilled out of the floures / if it be poured in at the nose / is good for all diseases of the head that come of a colde cause Of Doronike Romane Doronicum Romanum DOronicum Romanum / otherwise called Carnabadium / groweth not that I knowe of in England / and that I remember I neuer sawe it growyng but ones / that was in Germanye The leafe of it was shewed me for Doronico Romano / was muche bigger and broader then a violet leafe / and muche more blackishe grene The rootes are wel knowen in the Apothecaries shoppes The vertues of Doronike Romane THE Arabian commendeth this herbe verye muche agaynst the diseases of the herte / and hold that it is good against poyson and venome Of diuerse herbes which haue the name of Eupatorium Eupatorium vulgare IN my firste boke I haue declared sufficientlye that Agrimony was the Eupatorium of Dioscorides / and of other of the Grecians Nowe because there are two other kindes of Eupatorium / whereof Mesue maketh mention of the one / and Auicenna of an other it shal be necessarye as farre forth as we caÌ„ to set furth it which is the Eupatorium of Mesue / and which is the Eupatorium of Auicenne Matthiolus writeth that the comon EupatoriuÌ„ of the Apothecaries which I haue named water hempe / is Eupatorium Auicenne / and he writeth that the herbe that is called Ageraton in Dioscorides / is Eupatorium Mesues / mockinge Fuchsius and Cordus / who held that Gratiola was Eupatorium Mesue / as muche worthy to be mocked of other his owne selfe / for the herbe that he setteth furth for Eupatorio Mesues / agreeth not with the description of Mesue / for the leaues of Mesues Eupatorium are smalle like Centorie / his herbe hath broad leaues nothing like Centorye The floures of Eupatorie of Mesue are longe or somthinge longe / as both the translations of Mesue witnes / for Siluius redeth thus / Floribus est subluteis oblongis The olde translator hath / Eleuantur super eum flores qui sunt sicut subcitrini longitudinis paruae Wherfore I meruell oute of whose translation Matthiolus describing Eupatorium Mesue / set out these wordes / Floribus aureis in vmbellam cohaeren tibus helychrysi modo Furthermore he proueth not that his Guilia purgeth / and I take that it is the herbe that we call Mandleyne Wherfore his herbe can not be Eupatorium Mesues / though it coulde purge as he hath not proued yet As for Gratiola which Cordus and Fuchsius take for Eupatorio Mesues / the extremite of purginge which Matthiolus noted well will not suffer it to be Eupatorium Mesue / for two scruples of the pouder of Gratiola as I haue oft proued purgeth strongly / when as Eupatorium Mesues purgeth very gently / and nothing stronglye Therefore nether Cordus nor Matthiolus / nether anye of vs all hath found out Eupatorium Mesues And it appereth by Mesue that his was not so verye plentuous in his tyme. For in the defaut of it he teacheth to take halfe as muche of Asarabacca / and so muche wormwode Romaine But if good Asarabacca were not at hand / I had leuer take wormwode Romane alone / or grene Cassidonia called stichados / then ether it that Matthiolus or Cordus setteth furth for Eupatorio Mesues The vertues of water hempe WAter hempe is verye bitter in taste / and it openeth all stoppinges / and cutteth in sunder all tough and clammye humores / is good for the grene sicknes / the dropsye iaundes / and for the goute that commeth of grosse fleme Of Eyebrighte EYebrighte is named in Duche Augen troost / in Latin Eufragia and of some in Greke Ophthalmica The herbe is verye shorte / and commeth not that I haue sene to the height of a span / the leaues are for the quantite of the herbe somthinge broad and indented / and in taste bitter / and in smell not pleasant / the floure is of diuerse coloures / but the whyte beareth the chefe rule Euphragia The vertues of Eyebright out of Arnoldus de noua villa THE wine of Eyebright is made for the eyes by puttinge the herbe into the must vntill it be at lenght perfit wyne / whose vse maketh the eyes of old men waxe yonge again and taketh awaye the hinderance of them / and the lacke of sight in anye man of what age soeuer he be of / chefely if there excede fat and fleme There was a man that continued blinde a long tyme / and within a yere he was restored to his sight againe / for the herbe is hote and drye / and it hath of a propertie / that if the pouder

extreme inflammationes / some vse to bruse it with swynes grese / and so kepe it and laye it vpon swellinges But I councell rather to seth it when it is grene with sallet oyle / and to kepe it / and then will it be good both for swellinges and woundes also This herbe is verye hote and drye Of the herbe called Lunarye THere are two kindes of herbes which are called Lunaria / the one is called Lunaria maior whiche is an hye herbe and hath a great floure / in the which is the figure of a halfe mone / the lefe is somthinge longe and sharpe at the pointe / some call this herbe Shawbubbe But although I haue had it oft in my gardine / I neuer tried anye vertue that it hath The lesse Lunarye is a very well fauored herbe which hath leaues growing one agaynst an other / which are also muche like a halfe mone / whereof it semeth to haue the name / and hath sedes in the toppe like the sedes of oke of Ierusalem / growinge together after the maner of a cluster of grapes / wherefore the Duche men about Colon / call it Meydruben It is found in the ende of May / and in the moneth of Iune / and sone after faydeth awaye Lunaria The vertues of Lunarye THE newe writers saye that the lesse Lunarye whiche may be called wel in Englishe Cluster lunarye / or Cluster Mounwurte / is verye good for woundes / and to stoppe both the red floures of weomen and the whyte issue also It is reckened to be of a colde and drye nature The Italianes write that it is excellentlye good to heale both outwarde woundes and burstinges and also inward It is good for bursting of childer / and the pouder is good for the bloodye flixe / it stoppeth also both the bloodye and white issue of weomen Of herbe two pence Nummularia MAtthiolus nameth also Lunariam minorem the herbe that other cal Nummulariam and the Duche men Schlangenkraut / and I haue named it herbe two pence It groweth by hedge sydes / and in shaddowe ditches / and in suche holowe darke places as water hath bene in winter / and are dryed vp in the beginninge of the Summer It rinneth along by the ground with small braunches where one / growe small rounde leaues / like pennies / by coples one against an other / wherevpon it hath the name It hath yelow floures in the moneth of May. The vertues of herbe two pennies THE nature of this herbe is to binde and to drye This herbe as the later writers saye / that they haue tried if it be sodden wyth wine and honye / is good to heale the exulceracion or the sore of the lunges that haue the skin worme of them It is also good for the cough and for them that are shortwinded / and it is good for the cough that yonge childer haue called in right English / The kindt cough for kindt is a chyld in Duche / and in Frenche / Englishe / The chingcough Some vse to seth the herbe in water with sugar for the same purpose The same is good for the bloodye flixe / and for ouermuche flowynge of weomens humores The Germanes holde stedfastlye that this herbe will heale verye sore woundes / and hard otherwise to be healed They first will that the herbe shoulde be sodden in wine / and that the wounde should be washed with the wine / and that the herbes shoulde be afterwarde layde to Some geue the same vertue vnto the distilled water But I recken no. The Germanes hold also that it is found by experience / that the serpentes that are wounded / bite this herbe and are healed thereby And an Apothecary of Germanye told me / that if an horse do halt / because he is stricke in the quicke / if the nayle be plucked out / and the iuyce of the herbe / or the herbe chowed in a mans mouth / be put into the hole / will soner then a man can beleue heale the horse houe / so that he shall not be hindered of his iorneye thereby Of the herbe called Pulmonaria Pulmonaria THere are two kindes of Pulmonaria / the one is a ragged thick mosse that groweth vpon oke trees / and hath certayne spottes vpon it like as some lunges hath / wherevpon it semeth to haue the name in Latine / if it be not named in English alredy Lungwurt / it maye be named now so / or rather Lungmosse The vertues of Lungwurte LVngwurte of the oke drieth and bindeth It ioyneth together and healeth grene woundes / and speciallye them of the lunges It is also good for the outragious outflowinge of weomens floures / and for spittinge of bloode / and against great laxes that endure longe / and for the bloodye flixe This herbe is good for the coughe / shortwindines / and other diseases of the lunges / ye maye dresse it thus Take one Lungwurt halfe an vnce of Anis sede / of Fenel sede / of Licores / of eche two drammes / one dram of the lunges of a foxe / halfe a dram of Enula campana / beate them al into fine pouder / and put as muche sugar to them as all the pouders / menged do wey / and take euery morninge and eueneninge a spoundfull of this pouder Some that kepe cattell / geue this herbe in pouder with salt against the shortwindiues of beastes I thinke it were good to geue it also vnto a horse that hath bloodye gere comminge out of his lunges by the nose thrilles or mouth Matthiolus calleth the herbe which I haue iudged most lyke vnto Baccharis of al herbes that euer I saw / and is called in English Sage of Ierusalem / Pulmonariam also / as other before him haue done / by the reason of the whyte spottes that are in the leaues / beynge lyke vnto suche as are on the lunges He sayth that it is excellentlye good for vomitinge out of bloode out of the mouth / that commeth from the lunges most speciallye Sethe the floures and leaues in a sufficient quantite of water / vntill the halfe be sodden awaye / then put sugar to it and drinke it Ye maye beate the herbe and floures / and take the iuyce purified with halfe as muche sugar The same is good for diuers diseases of the lunges / as the Italianes haue left in their writinges Of Throw waxe THere is an herbe with a leafe like a pease and a yelowe floure / and a top afterward full of litle dunnishe black sedes / which is called in Latine Perfoliata because the stalke goeth thorow euery lefe I haue sene this herbe growing in great plenty in a corne field on the Northsyde of the cytie of Wormes in Germanye / and in no lesse quantite in in Somersetshire / betwene Summerton and Marlock It appereth not with the sede vntill the corne be almoste rype / and when it is a cold yere / muche after the caryinge in of corne I haue not

sene it in Italye / nether haue I heard anye English name of it / sauing for lack of other I name it Throw waxe Perfoliata The vertues of Throw waxe THrow waxe is a litle bitter and bindinge / wherfore it is a litle warme and drye The hole herbe is verye mete to heale both inwarde and outwarde woundes / sores and burstinges / for it ioyneth together Aboue all other thinges it is moste commended for healinge of burstinges and brokennes of childer It is also good for the goynge out of the nauel and the great gut / ye maye vse both the sede and leaues of this herbe Of Mouse eare MOuse eare is called of some writers in Latin Pilosella of other Auricula muris but yet is it not Myosotis that is / auricula muris of the old writers / as an English writer hath of late taught in his herbal It crepeth vpon the grounde with horye or rough leaues lyke vnto a mouse eare The floures are yelowe / but the rote is verye small There is an other kind that groweth vp righter with a purple floure / and whyter / and more horye leaues / and longer then the otger hath Matthiolus calleth this Pilosellam maiorem but Fuchsius calleth it Pilosellam minorem Pilosella The vertues of Mouse eare out of the later writers THE kindes of Mousear are hote and drye / for they haue a bindinge vertue ioyned with som heate By reason whereof they are both verye good to clenge and ioyne woundes together / to heale them / for men hold that the pouder of the herbe is exceding good to glewe woundes together Some vse to geue the iuyce of this common Mousear to hinder the cold of a quartane ague The same is good to harden yron with / or to make stele harder The common Phisiciones in Germany gather the roote of this herbe in Maye / and drye it and geue it to them that are bursten or brokeÌ„ Matthiolus writeth that this herbe is so sore binding / that the shepeherdes knowinge that propertye / will not suffer there shepe fede longe there / where as the herbe groweth in plentye It bindeth the shepes bellies so sore / that it killeth manye Wherevpon as the same man writeth the Phisicianes hath lerned that it is good for bloodye flixes / the great scouringe of the mother / for woundes both outward and inwarde for common flixes / and vomitinge of choler / and spittinge of blood / and bursting / and all kindes of breakinge / and speciallye for the breakinge of the brayne panne Of Winter grene Limonium Fuchsij PIrola hath the name in Latin of the lykenes that the lefe hath with a Pere tre I haue not sene it in England / and therefore can geue no English name for it / but I haue sene it oft in Germany / wher as it is called winter grene / because the leaues bide grene al winter / which name we must vse in England vntill we can find one of oure oune Winter grene hath seuen or eight or mo leaues growing together lyke vnto Pere trees leafes / whiche leaues are not longer then the Bete leaues are / and therefore can not be Limonium The stalke is longe and smal / and in the toppe of it are floures growynge / which are pleasant to loke to / muche lyke the floures of Lilium conuallium after the floures are gone / there appeareth read sedes / which are verye astringent and bindinge The herbe groweth in moyst places vnder bushes The vertues of Winter grene THis herbe is verye bindinge and drye / wherefore the stone cutters and other surgions vse it much / and no merueyle / for it healeth wonderfullye in short space grene woundes The surgiones of Germany vse to make a wounde drinke for inward woundes of this herbe Ladies mantel / Agrimonye / Sanicle / and herbe two pence / whiche hath bene tried to haue done good manye tymes for inward woundes The leaues and the sede both are good for bloodye flixes Some take the pouder of this herbe / and sprincle it vpon sores with great profit Of Selfe heale Prunella SElfe heale is called of some of the Germanes euelfauoredly Prunella / when as it oughte to be called Brunella / that is Brounwurt / of the broun color that the herbe hath in the toppe after the purple floure be gone / and therefore the vnlerned people of Germanye cal it Braunellen not Praunellen And that this herbe ought to be named rather Brunella then Prunella / the Duche ryme of Hieronymus Brunswike beareth witnes in these wordes folowing Braunel so bin ich genant / Ein braune blum ist mir bekant Selfe heale hath a stalke in the middes full of wrincles / fat and rough / the leaues are lyke the leaues of Basil grene of color / and sharpe toward the endes It hath toppes lyke eares in the height of the stalkes muche lyke the herbe which we cal Lauander It hath a small roote ful of litle tasselles like thredes / the eare hath first in it purple floures and afterwarde broune litle leaues where the floures were / and the floures that were purple before wheÌ„ they fayd / waxe done in color The vertues of Selfe heale SElfe heale is good to heale grene woundes / both suche as are without and also within The broth of Selfe heale / or as some write / the water well distilled in balneo Mariae is good for both outwarde and inward sores other holde that the same is good for the head ache that commeth of a colde cause / and to scoure woundes The same is good for the burning of the throte / for the exulceration or sores of the mouth and iawes / if a man make gargle of it with a litle roset honye The floures or leaues sodden in wine or honye / are good for aboue named disease of the mouth and iawes Of Arsmert otherwise called Sulerage Persicaria THere are two kindes of Arsmert or mo / one kinde is that it is takeÌ„ of some to be Piper aquaticum of others Crateogonum The other is it whiche hath the black spotte in it / and some write of an other that is not worthy to be called Arsmerte / because it is so colde that it can not do the thinge whereof it should haue his name This herbe is called Persicaria because it hath leaues like a Peche tre It groweth most commonlye in moyst places The vertues of the common Arsmerte ARsmert is a very hote herbe / and better to be taken without then within / for it can not be taken within withoute great ieoperdye Arsmert beynge broken / or the iuyce that is pressed out / is verye good for rotten woundes doth of man and beast / if they be washeÌ„ oft with the iuyce / weomen that would haue there fleshe free from flies and maggottes / laye it often vpon their fleshe / for it dryueth flees awaye and hindereth maggottes to brede This thinge is proued by sure experience

is dronken against all the stinging of bees / waspes / and such other lyke The leaues with a litle oyle are layd on bytinges and burninges It is euideÌ„tly knowen that water will wexe thicke / if this roote be brused and put in it / so that the water stande abroad in the ayre without the dores An oyntment to soften all hard lumpes / swellinges and bruses in any place of the bodye / whether it come of inwarde or outward cause / which also is good to anoynt horse fete withal / if they be brused or swelled a littel / or if this oyntment be not redy / it shal be good to take the iuyces of the rotes / and to sethe them with the other gere in lesse proportions / and lay it to warme to maÌ„ and beast as they shal nede TAke of the rootes of Marrish malowes / or in the stede of it of Holyhock / or of common Malowes xij vnces of Lint sede vj. vnces / a wyne quarte full of the fattes and greses of hennes / gese / capones / or of netis fete / vj. vnces of waxe / of turpentine one vnce / of rosin iij. vnces Firste of al bruse as smal as ye can the rote and sede / and stepe them for the space of iij. dayes and iij. nightes in a pottel of water beynge scalding hote / when it is first put into it / but if ye wold stepe them / and seth them in whyte wine or in halfe water halfe wine / the medicine would be much stronger / let them be sodden the fourth daye vntill that ye maye se the broth al slymy / and then streyne it thorow a cloth / take of that same slymy broth a pint / and seth it with the fattes / and when as that watery substance as ye can gather / is sod away / and the onlye slyme remaineth / melt the waxe / the rosin / and the turpentine altogether / and seth theÌ„ a littel together / and if there be any foule scome / take it away / but it were better to take a littel of the fat / and melt firste therein the waxe / then the rosin the turpentine / and so to mixe them altogether / and seth then a littel / and take the scome awaye Of Marierum gentle MArierum is called in Greke Samsychos and Amarokos in Latin Amaracus or Maiorana in Duch Meyeran or Maioran / in French Maiorain or Maron some call this herbe in English Merierum gentle / to put a difference betwen an other herbe / called MerieruÌ„ / whiche is but a bastard kind / and this is the true kinde Merierum is a thick and bushy herbe / crepinge by the ground with leaues lyke small Calamint rough and rounde / it hath litle toppes in the hyest parte of al the stalke muche like scales / one growing ouer another / as the fyre tre nuttes do appere It hath a very good sauour The vertues THE broth of this herbe dronken / is good for the dropsy in the beginning / and for them that can not make water / and for the gnawing in the bellye The drye leaues laid to with honye / take awaye blew markes which come of beting / and in a suppository they bringe doune weomens sicknes They are also good to be layd vnto the stinging of a scorpion with salt and vinegre The same receyued into a salue made of were / are good for the membres that are out of ioynte and after the same maner they are good for lose swellinges / and they are layd vnto the eyes with the floure of barly when they haue an inflammation They are mixed with medicines / which refreshe werynes and such emplasteres as are appoynted to hete The pouder of the drye herbe put in a mannes nose / maketh him to nese / the oyle that is made of Merierum / warmeth and fasteneth the synewes This herbe is hote in the thyrde degre / and drye in the seconde Of Alisson ALisson hath the name in Greke / because it helpeth the bytinge of a wod dogge Dioscorides and Plinye do not agre with Aetius and Actuarius in the description of this herbe For Dioscorides semeth to make Alisson lyke vnto Gooshare / for Dioscorides commonlye setteth herbes of lyke forme and fashion together / he setteth nexte vnto Gooshore / whiche is called in Greke Aparine Alisson howebeit this were no necessary argumeÌ„t / if that I had no more profes then this alone But Pliny maketh Alisson lyke madder in these wordes Alyssos Ã rubia folijs tantÃ¹m ramis minoribus differt Alissos differeth onlye from Madder in that it hath lesse leues and lesse braunches Dioscorides describeth Alisson thus Alissos is a litle bushye herbe / somethinge sharpe with round leaues / and besyde them hath a fruyte like to litle buckleres / wherein is sede somthinge broad / It groweth in hilly and rough places The herbe which I take to be Alisson of Plinye and Dioscorides / is a smale herbe of a span height / and of one smale red roote / growe manye smal stalkes / whiche haue many rowelles as it were of spores / set in order and at euerye rowel or round order of leaues nere the toppe / there springeth furth a litle smal braunche / which hath floures / fruyte / and sede The stalke is â—oursquare / and somethinge sharpe The leaues in dede are not euen playne round taken seuerally by them selues / but they taken one with an other altogether are rounde in ordre If that the roundenes that Dioscorides speaketh of / be not thus to be vnderstande This herbe can not be Dioscorides Alisson The floures are blewish purple / and appere commonly aboute the ende of Maye The fruyte groweth euer two and two together / wherein is a litle blacke sede / somethinge flat / in some top a man maye finde foure cople of litle vesselles / whiche conteyneth thys sede There are none of these vesselles founde alone The herbe is hote and specially the sede But the heate appereth not straight waye / tyll that it hath bene a good whyle on your tonge / and then it is euidently sharpe and byting Aetius writeth thus of Alisson The medicine called Hiera / is to be giuen euery day not as a purgation / but as a helpinge medicine in the quantite of an Hasel nut / with an vnce and halfe of the broth of Salge / or the herbe Sideritis which is called Heraclea Some vse this alone / and saye that it profiteth muche / and therfore name it Alisson / because it taketh madnes awaye These wordes writeth he in the helping of the bytinge of a mad dogge And wher he intreateth of Simples / he writeth of Alisson thus They saye that Alisson is the herbe called Sideritis / whiche groweth euery where by the hygh wayes / it hath a purple floure / and thick leaues Actuarius describeth Alisson after this maner Alisson is an herbe like vnto Hore hound /

be Some do holde that they increase the substance of the brayne They make one slepe pleasantly / and scoure and purge the wayes that the water cometh thorow / and they are verye fit for lene folke / and the oyle of them is good for a drye crampe The oyle of bitter Almondes is hoter by one degre / then the oyle of swete Almondes is It is moste fit for eares that are stopped with grosse wind / for hardnes of hearinge / for the noyse in the eares that cometh of cold It killeth also the wormes of the eares It is tryed by experience / that this oyle is more conuenient for the eares then other oyles be Of Amy. AMy is called both of Grecians Latines Ami. The Potecaries call it Ameos in the genitiue case It may be also called in Englishe Ammi Dioscorides writeth no more of the description of Ammi / because he thought it so commonly knowen in his dayes But these wordes Ami hath muche smaller sede then Cumin / and resembleth organ in tast The herbe that is commonly vsed for Ammi in all shoppes now adayes / hath a longe grene stalke full of litle braunches about the top / with long smal indented leues / a white floure / and a bushy top lyke Dill / with a litle bitter and hote sede Although this maye be vsed for Ammi / is one kind of it / yet there groweth in Italy a better kind / which I haue sene If we could haue plentye of that kind / I would counsel men to vse it / and to leue this / whiche we vse commonly For I finde not the hete in this sede that Galene requireth / for he writeth that Ami is hote and drye in the extremitie of the third degre Howbeit this comon Ami is not to be despised This herbe groweth in many gardines in Germany / and in my lordes gardin at Sion in England The other kind whiche is the true kinde / is of late found in Italy with leues much lesse then our any hath The sede cometh nowe to Frankeford to be sold vnder the name of Amomi / but some cal it veruÌ„ Ami namely the grossers of Norinberge The vertues of Ami. AMi is good againste the gnawinge in the guttes / against the stopping of the water / against the byting of serpentes dronken with wine It bringeth weomen their sicknes it mixed with corrosyues made of the flyes called Chantarides / do helpe the stopping of a mans water with hony it taketh away blew markes rising of stripes with rasynes or rosine In a perfume it purgeth the mother Some hold the weomen do soner coÌ„ceiue / if they smel this herbe / wheÌ„ as the worke of conceptioÌ„ is in doing Of Amomum AMomum is a smal bushe / about the quantite of a mannis haÌ„de / like vnto a cluster of grapes folden into him selfe / litle stickes of wood / goynge one beside and ouer an other / partely it resembleth a net / and partelye a round thicke bushe / or rather the heade of a mace / if it were al made of litle stickes / or of peces of siluer / as bigge as strawes in a rounde forme / it hath litle floures as hartes ease hath / and leaues lyke vnto brionye I sawe about sixe yeres ago at Colon a litle shrubbe / something lesse then my hande / which was in al pointes like vnto the shrub aboue described / a certeine pilgreme whiche had bene at Hierusalem / brought it out of Iewry with him Thesame is named of the Herbaries Rosa Hierecuntis / that is the rose of Hierico The sayinge is / that it openeth euery yere aboute Christenmasse / wherefore some call it a Christenmase rose This same woulde I reken to be the right Amomum / if it had that smell which Dioscorides requireth in Amomo / and a leafe lyke vnto Brion / for in al other pointes the description doth wonderfully agree If any man chaunce vpon any that hath a good sauoure with al these other properties aboue rehersed / let him take it for the true Amomum For lack of the true Amomum we maye vse the common Calamus aromaticus / or Carpesio called of some Cucuba Other iudge that a man may vse for Amomo Asarabacca / or the right Acorus The sede that is commonlye vsed for Amomo / is not of the strenght that Amomum is of The vertues AMomum hath poure to hete / to binde / to drye It prouoketh to slepe / laid to the forheade / it swageth ake / it maketh ripe / driueth awaye inflammationes impostemes hauing matter in them like hony / it helpeth them that are bitten of scorpiones / laid to emplasterwise with basil and it is good for the gout / with rasines it heleth the inflammationes of the eyes It is good for the diseases of the mother / other in a suppositorye taken before / or in a bath that weomen sit ouer The broth of it dronke / is good for the liuer / for the kidnes / and for the gout It is fit to be mixed with preseruatiues / and precious oyntmentes Of Pimpernell PImpernelle is named both in Greke and in Latin Anagallis / and Corchorus / in Duche Ganchheil / in Frenche Morgelina Pimpernell is of two kindes / it that hath the blewe floure / is called the female / but it that hath the cremesine is called the male They are lytle bushye herbes / lyinge vpon the ground / and haue litle leues / somthinge rounde lyke vnto Parietorye / which come out of a foure squared stalke The fruyte of this herbe is round / Some very vnlearnedly take Anagallis for Chickwede Pimpernell the female Pimpernell the male The Vertues of Pimpernell BOTH the kindes haue a propertye to swage and mitigate / and holdeth awaye inflammations / and put oute agayne stynges / and shyueres that are faste in the fleshe / and refrayne festringe and rotting sores The iuyce gargled in the throte and mouth / purgeth the heade of fleme / and the same poured into the nose thrylle / that is of the other syde of the head there the tuth ake is in / taketh the payne awaye With fyne honye it scoureth awaye the whyte spottes in the eyes It is good for a dull sight / and the same dronken with wine / is good for them that are bitten of serpentes / for them that are diseased in the lyuer and in the kidnes Some do write that it which hath the blewe floure / holdeth and stoppeth the falling doune of the great gute / and it with the cremesin laid to / bringeth it furth These two herbes haue some hete and a drawinge nature / and drye withoute bytinge wherfore they binde together woundes and heale rotten sores / as Galene witnesseth in the sixt boke of the properties and poures of simple medicines The male Pimpernell groweth commonly in Englande in the corne and in tilled groundes / and so doth the

female growe in Germanye about Bon and Colon. Of Anagyris ANagyris groweth not in Englande that I wote of / but I haue sene it in Italye It may be called in English Beane trifolye / because the leaues growe thre together / and the sede is muche lyke a Beane Anagyris is a bushe lyke vnto a tree with leues and twigges / like vnto Agnus castus of Italy But the leaues are greater and shorter / and growe but thre together / where as Agnus hath euer fyue together / and excedinge stinkinge / wherevpon riseth the Prouerb / Praestat hanc Anagyrim noÌ„ attigisse It hath the floures lyke vnto kole It hath a fruyt in longe horned coddes / of the lykenes of a kidney / of diuerse coloures / firme and stronge / whiche when the grape is ripe wexeth harde The properties of Anagyris THE tender and yong leaues of this bushe broken and layd to lyke an emplaster / holdeth doune wyndye and louse swellinges If the byrth sticke faste / and the floures be stopped / or the secondes abyde behynde / they are dronken in the weight of a dramme in swete wine So are they also good for the head ake with wine They are also bounde to the weomen that haue an hard labour / but so that streyght waye after they be taken awaye The sede eaten / maketh one vomite sore Of Anchusa DIoscorides maketh thre kindes of Anchusa The fyrste kinde hath leues lyke vnto sharpe leaued Lettis / rough / sharpe / black / manye growynge on euerye syde harde by the ground / and full of prickes The roote is a finger thick / and it that commeth furth in summer / is of a sanguine coloure / it groweth in a ranke ground This kind groweth in many places of Germanye / and it is so like gardine buglosse / that a man can not lightelye discerne the one from the other / sauinge onelye by the roote which is very rede withoute / but not within It maye be called in English / as the Frenche men do / Orchanet or rede Buglosh The seconde kinde differeth in thys from the fyrst / that it hath lesse leaues / and sharpe lykewyse / small braunches comminge oute of the stalke it hath a purple floure turninge towarde cremesyne It hath reade rootes / and longe / whyche in the haruest tyme putteth furth a sanguine iuyce It groweth in sandye places Thys herbe is called in some places of Englande Cattes tayles / in other places wilde Buglosse It groweth in grauilly and sandy places / and in pittes / where as grauel is digged oute of The thyrde kinde is lyke vnto the seconde / but it hath a lesse fruyte or sede / and that of a Cremesine colour I do not remembre / that I haue sene thys kinde The vertues of the two former kindes THe fyrst kinde of Anchusa / is good with oyle and wexe against burning and old sores It heleth the outragious inflammation or hete that commeth of choler with barle mele / It is layd on with vinegre against lepres and foule scurfines The same put into a womannes mother / draweth out the byrth The broth of it is giuen for the disease of the kidnes and the miâ—te / and to them that haue the iaundis / and if the pacientes haue an ague / it must be taken with mede The leues dronken with wine / stop the belly The second is good against the bitinges of all serpentes / and especiallye against the biting of a Vepere Of Tutsan TVtsan as I do iudge is the herbe / whiche is called of Dioscorides Androsemon / and of oure Potecaries Agnus castus It semeth to haue had the name of Tutsan / because it heleth all And of Androsemon / because it hath iuice like vnto mannis blood Androsemon differeth from saint Iohns grasse / and from Asciro / called great saint Iohns grasse / in that it hath manye braunches / and it hath rede twigges and leues lyke Rue / but thrise or fourfolde greater / whiche broken / put furth a winishe iuyce / they haue in the toppe two and two leues euer comminge oute one agaynste an other / resemblinge a byrdes winges stretched furth / as when the byrde doeth flye where aboute there growe smal yelowe floures / and sede in litle knoppes like vnto the sede of black poppye / and it is notable wyth certayne small leues in it The small leues in the top broused or broken sauour lyke rosyne The vertues TVtsanes sede broken / and dronken in te quantite of two drammes / driueth out cholerike excrementes / it healeth most the Sciatica But after the purgation / the pacient must drinke water The herbe layed to burned places / healeth them / and stancheth blood in woundes And not onely the herbe doth thys / but also the wyne that the herbe is sodden in / as witnesseth Galene / which vnder the name of Androsemon / conteyneth in the booke of his simple medicines / Ascyron also Anemone The common Anemone MAtthiolus in his commentaries vpon Dioscorides hath set out two kindes of Anemonis / wherof nether kind that euer I could se / groweth in Germanye and England / nether in Italy that I remember Anemone hath the name in Greke of winde / because the floure neuer openeth it selfe / but when the winde bloweth The Herbaries therefore call the herbe commonlye taken for Anemone / though it be not the true herbe / but som bastard of it Herbam venti / the Duche meÌ„ call it Hacket craut / the Frenche men Coque lourdes and it maye be called in English Rose persely / because there groweth a floure like a single rose in the top of this herbe / which is very lyke Persely in the leaues that are aboute the rote / or it maye be called Wind floure It groweth in greate plenty about Bon in Germany / and about Oxford in EnglaÌ„d / as my frende Falconer tolde me Dioscorides writeth thus of Anemone There are two kindes of Anemone / The one is wilde and the other is tame / or of the gardeine Whereof are manye other vnder kindes / one that hath a Cremesin floure / and an other a whitishe or of the coloure of milke or purple The leaues are like CoriaÌ„der / with smaller cuttinges or indentinges / nere the ground the stalke is all downye and roughe and smalle / whereon growe floures lyke poppy / and the middes of the litle heades are blacke or blewe The rootes are of the bignes of an Oliue / or bigger / it is almost compassed about wyth smalle ioyntes with knoppes like knees The wilde Anemone in all pointes is greater then the tame / and hath broder and harder leaues / a longer head / and a Cremesin flower wyth manye small rotes It is more bytinge then it that hath the black leaues This description of both the kindes of Anemone proueth playnely that the common herba venti / and that the Anemone that Bockius setteth out / are not the righte

of thys herbe together / and kneade them together / and vse them for the purposes aboue rehersed Thesame herbe beaten into pouder / made into pilles with a figge / and then taken / softeneth the belly Ground pyne put into the mother with hony / driueth furth such thinges as hurt the mother It driueth awaye the hardnes of the pappes / or the brestes it closeth woundes together It stoppeth also / if it be layd to with hony / sores that do run at large / and consume the fleshe Pliny also sayth / that it is good against the biting of a scorpion If it be dronke / it draweth out cloddy or clotted blood It maketh men to sweat if they be anointed with it It is also good for a newe cough latelye begon Some do write that this herbe sodden with vinegre / and dronken / will dryue out a dead chylde out of the mothers wombe Of Gume succorye Chondrylla CHondrilla is not in Englande that I haue sene / it is muche in hygh Germanye / and because it hath leues lyke succory / and stalke lyke rishes / it maye be named in English Rishe succorye / or Gume succory because it hath a clammy humor in it There is meÌ„tion made of two kindes of Chondrilla in Dioscorides / of the whiche the former kind is thus described Chondrilla which is called of some men Seris / and of other Succory / it hath a stalke / floures and leaues like Succorye wherefore some call it wilde succory / but it is hole together smaller / in whose stalkes there commeth furth a gume lyke milke / in a lumpe like a beane There is an other kinde of Chondrilla / with a longe leafe indented / as it were gnawen rounde about / spredinge it selfe vpon the ground / the stalke is full of milky iuyce / the roote is small wel lykinge yellowe and ful of iuyce The seconde is it / that I haue sene in Germanye The leaues of this herbe are spred vpon the ground / and are indented much lyke vnto Dandelion the stalkes and braunches are smal / and in the top of euery braunche is a yellow floure / which when it fadeth / is turned into whyte downe The Properties of Gume succorye THE leaues and the stalke of Gume succorye haue the poure to digest The iuyce boweth back againe the heare of the eye browes / that stande not in order It groweth in ranke and mauored groundes / some do recken that it is good against the biting of a serpent / because it is knowen by experience / that when the feld mouse is hurte / she doth eate it Of Chrysanthemon CHrysanthemon is of two kindes / one of them is spoken of in the intreating of Camomil / and it is called in English yellow camomille The other kind is it wherof I intreat now of The herbe which I take to be Chrysanthemon / groweth plentuouslye vpon the walles of Andernake in Germany / it hath smal leues after the figure of Tansey but manye partes lesse and much indented / it is ful of braunches / euerye braunche hath yellow floures / and wonderful bright Dioscorides describeth ChrysanthemoÌ„ thus Chrysanthemon or Calchas which is called Bupthalmus of some / is a tender herbe and ful of braunches / bringeth furth smoth stalkes and leues / cut or indented it hath floures wounderfully shyning yellowe / and resembling the appel of an eye / wherevpon it hath gotten the name of oxey it groweth besyde tounes / The herbe maye be called in English Goldenfloure Chrysanthemon The properties of Goldenfloure THE floures of golden floure broken and mixed with oyle waxe / are supposed to dryue awaye the fat that is gathered vnder the skin / after the maner of a lompe / they heale the iaundies / and restore a man to his color shortly / if a man after the longe vse of the bath drinke of theÌ„ / after he is come furth oute of the bath Of Cicerbita called Sowthistel CIcerbita is named in Greke Sonchos / in English Sowthistel / in Duche Hasenkoel or Gensdistel / in French Lateron it groweth comon inough in al contres There are two kindes of Sowthistel / ther is one that is a wild one / hath more pricks vpon it the other is but soft tender / much desired to be eateÌ„ in meat / with a stalke ful of corners holow wtin somtyme red with leaues indented about the edges of them The other Sowthistel is yet tenderer / after the maner of a tre / hauing brode leaues / the leues departe the stalke which groweth out into braunches The kindes of Sowthistels are common in euerye countre / wherefore I nede not to tell nether their description largelier then Dioscorides hath done / nor their natural places of growinge Cicerbita Sowthistel Rough Sowthistel The Vertues of Sowthistel THE vertue of both is to coole and binde / therfore they are good for the hoote stomake / and also for inflammations / if they be laid vnto the place the iuyce of them swageth the gnawinge of the stomake if it be dronken it prouoketh also milke if it be layde to in woll It helpeth the gatheringe together of mater that is about the fundament and the mother Both the herbe and the root is good for them that are bitten of a Scorpion / if it be layde to in the maner of an emplaster Of Ciche or Ciche peese CIcer is called in Greke Erebinthos / in Duch Kicherns Kicherbs / and zisserne / in Frenche Ciche ou pois ciches Cicer is much in Italy and in Germany I haue sene theÌ„ in the gardine of the Barbican in London / and I haue it in my garden at Kew Cicer may be named in English Cich or peese / after the FreÌ„ch tonge Cicer is described nother of Dioscorides / nether of Theopra nether of Pliny / sauing that Pliny sayth / Ciche hath a round cod / but other pulse haue longe and broad Ccicer Theophrastus sayth that Ciche hath the longest roote of any pulse / and that Cicer differeth from other pulses by many properties / first in that it is longe in bringing furth the floure / and doth hastely bring furth the fruyte / for within xl dayes after that it is come vp / it maye be made perfit as some saye It is also very fast and harde as wood it is very ill for newe fallowed ground / by the reason that it wasteth it vpon / it killeth all herbes / and most sounest of all other ground thistel / euerye ground is not fit for this pulse / for it requireth a black and a grosse ground Ciche also as Pliny sayeth / cometh well vp with saltnes / and therefore it burneth the ground Cich ought not to be soweÌ„ excepte it be layed in stepe a daye before There are diuerse kindes of Ciches / one is called Cicer Arietinum / which hath the name of the likenes of a rames head / and this is

blaueole / or bleuet / some herbaries call it baptisecula / or blaptisecula / because it hurteth sicles / which were ones called of olde writers seculae Blewbottel groweth in the corne / it hath a stalke full of corners / a narrow and long leafe In the top of the stalke is a knoppy heade wherevpon growe blewe floures / about midsummer the chylder vse to make garlandes of the floure It groweth much amonge Rye / wherefore I thinke that good ry in an euell and vnseasonable yere doth go out of kinde in to this wede Thys kind and other which groweth only in Germany in gardines like vnto this / sauing in al pointes it is greater and namely in the leaues The Properties of Blewbottel BLewbottel is of a cold nature / for it sheweth no token of hete in it The later writers hold that this herbe is good for the inflammation of the eyes / and other partes / whiche are oute of tempre by the meanes of an inflammation / other properties haue I not read that blewbottel shoulde haue Of Sowesbreade Cyclamenus SOwesbread called in Greke Ciclaminos / is also in Latin Ciclaminus / rapum terre / vmbilicus terre / et panis porcinus / of some tuber terre / in Duche Sewbrodt / in French Pain de porceau / I haue not sene it in England / wherfore I knowe no vsual name for it / but least it should be nameles / if ether it shuld be brought in to England / or be found in anye place in England / I name it Sawesbread / or rape violet / because the floure is lyke a violet / and the roote is lyke a rape Dioscorides describeth Cyclaminum thus Cyclaminus hath leaues lyke vnto Iuy / purple / and of diuerse colours / wherein are vp doun somthinge whyte spottes / a stalke foure fingers long and bare / out of which come purple floures lyke roses / and a black roote / somthinge broade lyke vnto a rape I haue Cyclaminum both in Italy and also in Germany but there was great difference betwene them / for the Italian was thryse as big as the Duche was / and muche longer / and lyker vnto Iuy The Duche Cyclaminus according to his name / had leaues as round as Asarum hath / but muche lesse / and the floures drawe nerer the lykenes of a violet then a rose There are many deceyued in England / whiche abuse tryfling other herbes for Cyclamino / as Erthnut / and suche lyke which nether agree with Cyclamino in vertue / nether in description The vertues of Sowesbread THE roote of Sowbread dronken with mede made with hony and water / dryueth out beneth fleme and water / and ether dronken or layd to / it dryueth doune weomens natural sycknes It is perillous for weomen with chylde to go ouer this roote The same layd vnto a woman in a conuenieÌ„t place / helpeth her more spedely to bringe furth hyr byrth It is dronken agaynst dedlye venom with wine / and speciallye against the fishe / whiche is called in Latin Lepus marinus / that is to say / the sea hare It is also a remedy agaynst serpentes / if it be layd vnto the place If it be put in wine / it maketh a man dronken / it dryueth awaye the yelowe iaundies / taken in the weight of thre drammes with bastarde / or wel watered honied wine But he that shall drinke of this / must be in a warm house well couered with many clothes / that he may the better swete / for the sweat that cummeth furth / is of the color of gall The iuyce is put into the nose with hony to purge the head It is put in wol to the fundament / to driue furth the excrementes of the belly The same layd vpon the nauell / and the nether parte of the belly vnto the hockelbone / softeneth the belly The iuyce layd to with honye / helpeth the perle or haw of the eye / and the dulnes of sight The iuyce layd to the fundament with vinegre / restoreth it agayne to the naturall place / when it is fallen doune The roote is beaten / and a iuyce is taken out / and made with sething as thick as honye the roote scoureth and purgeth the color of the skin / it holdeth doune the bursting oute of wheles and it healeth woundes with vinegre by it selfe / or with hony If it be layd to after the maner of an emplaster to the milt / it will wast it away it amendeth the euell colored scurffines that is in the face / and fallinge of the heyre with the rede scalles It is also conuenient that membres out of ioynte and goute membres / the litle sores of the heade and kybes be bathed in the broth of thys roote The roote made hote in olde oyle / healeth vp sores / bringeth them to a scar / if that oyle be layd vpon them The roote made hollow / is filled with oyle / and set in hote asshes / somtyme a litle waxe put vnto it / that it maye come vnto the thicknes of an oyntment / is good for the kybes or moules The roote is slissed / and layd vp as scilla is Cyclamenum groweth much in shaddowy places / and moste vnder trees Of Dogges tonge ALthough Dioscorides writeth but of one kind of Dogges tonge / yet it is euident by Pliny that there are thre kindes of Dogges tonge For Dioscorides describeth his Dogges tonge to be withoute anye stalke / which kinde I could neuer se that I remembre in all my lyfe Matthiolus and Pliny describe two kindes / which both haue stalkes and sede / for he geueth stalkes and sedes vnto them in the xxv booke and viij chapter but the latter kinde that he speaketh of / semeth vnto me to be oure common Dogges tounge / for he sayeth thus Cynoglossa Est alia similis ei quae ferat lappas minutas / that is / There is an other lyke it which beareth also litle burres The common Cynoglossum hath longe leaues lyke vnto a Dogges tonge and a long stalke / in whose top are thre rough thinges that cleue vnto a mannes clothes ioyned altogether to a litle pricke / which is in the middes / the form of all together is lyke vnto a foure leued clauer with a pricke in the middes The roote is somthinge rede and long withal / and astringent This is thesame herbe which is called in Dioscorides Lycopsis / whose description is this Lycopsis hath leaues longer then lettes / rougher and broader / and thicke / fallinge downe agayne vnto the heade of the roote / a longe stalke / streight and roughe / with many to growers / a cubit longe / the floure is litle and purple The roote is rede and astringent / it groweth in playne groundes The vertues of Dogges tonge THE roote layd to with oyle / healeth woundes / with barly mele it healeth saint Antonies fyre the same if a man be anoynted with it

Duch / ein BuchbauÌ„ / in Frenche fau Fagus is thus described of Plinye The nut of a Beche tree beynge lyke vnto kyrnels / is enclosed in a three cornerd skyn or huske / the leafe is thyn and excedynge lyght / lyke vnto an aspe or poplere / it wexith yelowe verye hastelye / ofte tymes it bryngethe furthe in the myddes in the vpper parte a lytle grene berye / sharpe in the toppe / the nuttes are verye swete Thrusshis desyre greatlye to eate of the beche nut / and myse eate gladlye of the same Thus muche dothe Plinye wryte of the description of a beche tree / Virgill in his Egloges maketh beche tree to haue a great and a broade toppe / whiche maketh suche a greate shadowe / that bothe men and bestes maye be defended therbye frome the heate of the sonne whiche thinge we see to be true by daylye experience / and specyallye in greate olde Beches The propertyes vse and commodytes of the beche tree DIoscorides wryteth that the leaues of the oke the beche tree and of suche other lyke brused and broken are good for softe swellinges / and to strengthen those partes that are weke The leaues of the beche tree / are good to be chowed for the dysease of the gummes / and the lyppes The powdre burned of the beche nut / is good wythe honye for askalde a skuruye head / when the heare goethe of / if it be layde to Plinye rekenyth the same good for the stone Palladius writith that the beche tree is good tymbre / if it be kepte drye / but that it is sone rotten / if it be in moysture or in weate places / in Virgilles tyme men vsed muche to make cuppes of the beche tree as a man maye gather by his Egloges Of the herbe Ferula FErula is called in Greke narthex / but howe that it is named in Englishe / as yet I can not tell / for I neuer sawe it in Englande / but in Germanie in diuers places It maye be named in Englishe herbe ferula / or fenell gyante / because it is lyke fenell / but a great deale higher and larger in all partes then fenell is Ferula bryngith furthe a stalke of three cubytes longe / and leaues of fenell / but rougher and broder I fynde no larger description of ferula in Dioscorides / but Theophrastus describeth it thus Ferula hathe but one stalke / and that full of ioyntes or knees / The leaues and branchis come oute of the ioyntes / one oute of one syde of the ioynte / another oute of the other syde / as the leaues of the rede do The leafe is greate / softe / and muche deuyded or iagged / so that it that is next vnto the grounde / dothe muche resemble here The floure is yelowe / the sede is darke and lyke dyll sede / but greater it is clouen in the toppe / and is deuyded into smale styckes which holde the floures and the sede The smal branchis want not theyr floures nor sede / but haue bothe as dill hath The stalke lasteth but for one yere It hath but one single roote / and that goeth depe into the grounde The vertues of Ferula oute of Dioscorides Ferula Herbe Ferula or Fenelgiante THe harte taken oute of the grene ferula / and dronken / is good for the spittinge of blode / for the flixe it is geuen in wyne againste the bytinges of vipers Thesame put into the nosethrilles / stoppith bloode there The sede dronken is good for the gnawinge of the bellie / if the bodie be anointed therwyth and wyth oyle / it prouoketh sweate The stalkes / if they be eaten / make the head ake / they are sawced in brine The vertues of ferula oute of Plinye HHe stalkes of ferula are vsed to be eateÌ„ / when they are sodden / they are the better takeÌ„ wyth muste and honie / and so they are good for the stomake / if a man take manye of them they brede the heade ake / a dramme of the roote dronken in two vnces / and a halfe of wine / is dronken agaynst serpentes / and the roote is layed to it selfe / so is it good for the gnawinge in the bellye wyth oyle and vinegre / it is good to staye swetinge euen in agues The juyce of ferula taken in the quantyte of a beane / doth stop the bellye .x. graynes of the seed broken / are good to be dronken in wyne to stop blode The harte or the pithe of the herbe so taken / is good for the same purpose The nature of Ferula is the sorest enemie that can be to LaÌ„preys / for yf it ones touche them / they dye therwyth The vertues of Ferula oute of Galen THe sede of ferula heateth and maketh thyn or subtyll / but it that is within / whiche they cal the marye / the pythe / and the hatte / hath a byndinge nature in it By reason wherof it is good for the flixe and them that spyt blode Of the Figge tree FIrus is called in Greke syke / in Englishe a figge tree / in Duche / Ein feig bauÌ„ / in Frenche vng figuez A figge tree is no greate highe tree / for the moste parte / but in some places some are founde as bigge and as high / as a pere tree The leaues are cut or indentid / and euerye leafe hath thre partes / of the whiche euerie one resemblith a finger Therfore Ficus Figge euerye figge leafe / semith as though it had thre fingers The figge tree is so well knowen / that it nedith no farther description The vertues of the Figge tree NEwe figges that are ripe / as Dioscorides writeth / hurte the stomake / and lose the bellye / but the flixe that cometh therof / is sone stopped They prouoke sweat and drawe oute wheles and pockes they quenche thurste and abate heate / wheÌ„ they are drye / theyr nature is hote / they norishe the strenghth / but theÌ„ they make a man more drie / they are good for the bellye / and are coÌ„trarye to the rumes or flowinges of the stomacke / and the bellie Yet Galen wrytith that the figges both grene and also dryed / loose the bellye They are verye good for the throte / for the wynde pipe / for the kidnes / for the bladder / and for them that are euill colored wyth a longe sycknes / and for them that are shorte wynded / and for them that haue the dropsye / and for them that haue the fallinge sycknes / The same made warme / dronken wyth Isope / do purge the breste / they are good for the coughe / for the bellye / for the olde diseases of the lunges / Thesame brused wyth niter chartan saffron / then eaten / do softeÌ„ the bellye The brothe of figges / is good for the swelled kyrnells besyde the throte If a man gargill therwyth / they are good to

mother / and the burstinge out of man or womans water Some do write that this herbe bound to / and hanged vp in a cremesin flece / stoppeth blode Of Hiacinthus Hiacinthus maximus Hiacinthus ceruleus maior Hiacinthus Ceruleus minor Hiacinthus albicanus foemina HYacinthus hath leaues like vnto the herbe called bulbus / it hath a stalke a span long / smaller then a mans litle finger / of grene color / the toppe of the herbe haÌ„geth downe / full of purple flowres / the roote is like vnto the rownd hede of a Bulbus The best kinde of Hiacinthus that euer I sawe / was it that Lucas Gynus the reader of Dioscorides in Bonony shewed me about a xiiij yeares agoo / harde by the mount Appennine Hiacinthus is also commen in Englande / though it be not of the best / and it is called crowtowes / crowfote crowtese The vertues of Hiacinthus THe rote of this herbe dronken / stoppeth the belly and driueth furth water / it is a remedy againste the bytinges of a felde spider The sede is more bindinge and desired for triacles / wyth wine if it be dronken / it healeth the iawndes The boyes in NorthuÌ„berlande scrape the roote of the herbe and glew theyr arrowes and bokes wyth that slyme that they scrape of Of Hiosyris HYosiris is like vnto succory / but it is lesse and rowgher / the herbe that I take for Hyosiris / hath a rowghe leafe / growinge harde by the grounde indented / after the maner of succory or dandelion / but the teth are not so sharpe / the stalkes / flowers / downe are like vnto theÌ„ that are in DandelioÌ„ / sauinge that they are roughe in this herbe / and smothe in DaÌ„delion Wherfore I name it roughe Dandelion It groweth in sandy baron groundes / and about casten diches that haue muche sand in them The vertues of Hyosiris PLiny writeth / if the leaues of Hyosyris be brused and laide to woundes / it healeth them wounderfull well It doth appere by the taste of this herbe / and certayne qualities that I finde in it / that it shoulde serue for the same purpose that succory and Endiue serue for Of saint Iohans grasse THe herbe whiche is called in Greke Hipericon / in Englishe saint Iohans grasse / or saint Iohans wurt / in Duche saint Iohans kraut / of some herbaries fuga demonum / groweth comeÌ„ly in woddes and in hedges / in som gardines wythout any settinge Dioscorides writeth thus of HypericoÌ„ Hipericon is named of som AndrosemoÌ„ / of other CorioÌ„ / of other Grounde pine / because the sede of it hath the smell of rosin / it hath a bushe like ferula / that is to say / fenel gyant a span long / rede / it hath a lefe like rue / a yealow floure like vnto wall gelouer Whiche if it be brused wyth a mans finger / putteth furth a blodi iuice / wherfore som haue called it mans blode It hath a cod that is roughe and round of the bignes of barley The sede is blacke and Hypericon S. Iohans grasse of the smell of rosin This herbe is called of some of the later wryters perforata / that is throw holed / bycause if ye set the leafe betwene yow and the sonne / ther shall appere an infinite nombre of holes in the leaues The vertues of saint Iohans grasse SAint Iohans grasse driueth furth water / if it belaide to / it bringeth downe flowres It deliuereth from tertiaÌ„ and quartan agues if it bedronken wyth wine The sede dronken the space of xl dayes / healeth the sciatica The leaues laide to emplasterwise wyth the sede / heale burninges Of Hysop DIoscorides leueth Hisop vndescribed / belike it was so well knowen in his dayes that he thought it neded not to be described but by that meane it is now comme to passe that we dowt whether this Hysop that we haue / be the true Hysop of the auncient writers or no. Dioscorides in the description of Ograne / compareth organe in likenes vnto the hysop / but no organ that euer I saw / whether it came out of Candi or out of Spaine / or grew here in England / like vnto oure Hysop / for their is brode leaued / and our hysop hath longe leaues / wherfore ether we haue not the true hysop / or els we neuer saw the true organ The Hysop that Mesna also describeth / is not agreinge wyth this oure Hysop as ye may perceyue by this his description that foloweth here Hysop is of two sortes / ther is one mountaine Hysop / and an other gardin Hysop The gardin Hysop is halff a cubit hyghe / hath fewer stalkes and braunches theÌ„ time hath It hath leues like vnto time but greater / the flour is purple / the wilde is shorter and hath lesse leaues Ye se here that Mesne maketh his hysopes leaues like vnto the leaues of time / but we haue no suche hysop and time that agre ether in figure or bignes together / wherfore it is to be suspect that ther is som better Hysop / then this that we haue Howbe it / I thinke in vertue propertie that it differeth nothinge from the hysop of the olde writers We haue in Sumershire beside the coÌ„meÌ„ Hysop that groweth in all other places of Englande / a kinde of Hysop that is al roughe and hory / it is greater muche and stronger then the coÌ„men Hysop is / som call it rough Hysop Hyssopus Hyssopum montanum Cilicium The properties of Hysop HYsop hath the vertue to make fine and to hete The brothe of Hysop made with figges / water / hony / and rue / dronken / helpeth the inflammation of the longes / the olde coughe / the shortwinded / rheumes or poses / and them that can not well take theyr breth It killeth wormes It hath the same power if it be licked in wyth hony The brothe of it dronken wyth a drinke made of hony and vinegre / called oximell / draweth out grosse humores thorow the belly / and it is good to be eaten wyth grene figges to make yow go to the stole / but it worketh better if Aris be put therto / or Cardamome or Ireo It kepeth and maketh the color of the body continewe still Wyth a fyg and nitre / it is good for the mylt and for the dropse It is vsed to be layde vnto burninge heares or inflaÌ„mationes wyth wine It druleth and scattereth awaye the blue markes of brusinges It is good to be gargled wyth the brothe of figges against the quinsey The broth of Hysop wyth vinegre swageth the toth ache if the mouth be washed ther wyth The brethe or vapor of Hisop driueth away the winde that is in the eares if they be holden ouer it Of Gethsamine or Iesemin IEfemin or Gethsamine / as I suppose is called in Greke iasme / and it is the flower / wher of the oyle called in Dioscorides oleum

both blody flixes / other And the same is good for the blody isshue that weomen are som tyme vexed wyth all Of the herbe called Flax or line Linum FLax is an herbe wyth a small stalk / where vpon grow many smal leues / somthyng long sharpe at the ende It hath blue floures in the top of the stalk / and after that they be gone / ther come furth round knoppes / sauyng that ther is in the end a sharp thyng lyke a prick growyng out These knoppes or heades are called in Northumberland bowles / and wythin these heades are long flat sedes in color redishe / and eche sede is conteyned in hys proper cell diuyded from the rest The roote is very smal Flax which is called of the Northen men lynt / in Duche Flachs / in Frenche Du lyne / in Greke Linon / and in Latin Linum / groweth very plentuously in the North parte of England / and should grow as plentuously also in the South parte / if men regarded not more theyr priuat lucre then the kynges Lawes and the comen profit of the hole realm I haue sene flax or lynt growyng wilde in Sommerset shyre wythin a myle of Welles / but it hath fewer bowles in the top then the sowen flax hath / and a greate dele a longer stalk Whiche thynges are a sure token that flax would grow there if men would take the payn to sow it The vertues of Lint sede LYnt sede hath the same vertue that Fenegrek hath It scattereth abrode or dryueth away It softeneth any thyng that is inflaÌ„med or very hote / hath any hardnes / whether it be with in / or wythout / if it be sodde wyth hony / oyl / and a litle water / or if it be put into sodden hony When it is raw / it taketh away the defautes of the face and frekles / and litle swellynges there / if it be layd to emplaster wyse wyth nitre or salpeter and asshes of a fygtre It dryueth away swellynges behinde the eares / hardnes rynnyng sores And if it be sodden wyth wyne it scoureth away rynnynge sores / whose matter is lyke hony It pulleth away roughe nayles with a like portione of cresses hony It draweth furth the diseases of the breste / if it be taken with hony in the maner of an electuari / it swageth the coughe If it be taken in a cake plentuously with peper / it will stirr men to generation of chylder The broth of lynt sede is good to be poured in / agaynst the gnawynges / and goyng of the skin both of the guttes also of the mother It bryngeth also furth the ordur or dung of the belly It is good for weomeÌ„ to sit in water where in lynt sede is sodden against the inflammationes and hete of the mother / I haue red in a practicioner / that vj. vnces of lynt sede oyle a good remedy against the pestilence if it be dronken all at one tyme. In other practicioners I rede that the oyle of lint sede is good for to be dronken about the mesure of two or iij. vnces with barley water agaynst the pleuresi But let the oyle be freshe in anywyse / for if it be old / it is vnholsom / and not to be takeÌ„ within the body Of Grummel or graymile Lithospermon LIthospermon is called of the commen herbaries and apothecaries milium solis / in Duch steinsamen / in Frenche gremil / and it should be called in English gray mile and not as it is now called grummell It is called milium of the herbaries / and in FreÌ„che mil / and also in Englishe / because in forme and fasshoÌ„ it is like the yelow sede / which is called in Latin milium / and it is called gray mil of the blewish gray color that it hath / to put a difference betwene it / and the other mile or millet The Duche men gyue the name of the hardnes of the sede which is lyke vnto a stone hardnes The description of Lithospermon out of Dioscorides LIthospermon hath leues lyke vnto an Oliue / but longer and broder and softer / namely they that come furth of the roote lye vpon the grounde The brauÌ„ches are streyght / small / stroÌ„g and of the bygnes of a sharp rishe and woddishe And in the top of theÌ„ is ther a double furth growyng / or a double thyng growing out / and ech of theÌ„ is lyke a stalck / with long leues / and by them is there a stony sede / litle and rounde of the bygnes of Orobus It groweth in rough hygh places Matthiolus supposeth that Fuchsius doth not know the ryght LithospermoÌ„ of Dioscorides / because he setteth out / as he sayeth the lesse milium solis for Lithospermo As for my parte I grant that there groweth a better kynde of Lithospermon viij myles aboue BoÌ„ne in Germany in a wild countre called Kaltland / then thys coÌ„men LithospermoÌ„ called commenly miliuÌ„ solis is But it had ben Matthiolisses deuty to haue proued by the description of Dioscorides or by some parte of it / at the lesse / that milium solis that Fuchsius setteth furth / is not the true Lithospermon / and then myght he haue layd ignorance vnto Euchsiusses charge the better But in my iudgemeÌ„t Matthiolus is more ignoraÌ„t of the true Lithospermy / then Fuchsius is for it that he setteth furth / doth nether agre with the descriptioÌ„ of Dioscoridis / nor yet of Pliny The herbe that Matthiolus setteth out he myght haue set out the best Lithospermon / and the hole perfit her be with all his partes / seyng that he maketh Lithospermon so commenly knowen vnto all men in Italy hath but two small stalkes where vpon the leues sedes grow / and they are set out / not streyght but crooked / and bowyng diuerse wayes Lithospermon of Dioscorides hath diuerse brauÌ„ches that are ryght or streyght The two furth growynges that Dioscorides sayeth / are in the toppes of the braunches / can not be sene in it that Matthiolus setteth furth The leues of Lithospermon that Dioscorides describeth are longer broder then an Oliue tre leueis / namely they that are next vnto the grounde But the leues of it that Matthiolus setteth furth / semeth a lyke loÌ„g and brode in all places of the stalck or twyg that they grow on / resemble very litle an Oliue lefe as any maÌ„ that knoweth an oliue lefe can bere witnes The LithospermoÌ„ of Dioscorides hath the sede in the top / fur Dioscorides saieth In ramulorum cacumine duplex est exortus cauliculo similis folijs longis inter quae paruum semen c. But the LithospermoÌ„ that Matthiolus paynteth hath the sedes euen from the root allmoste vnto the ouermost top of all Wherefore Matthiolus accusyng Fuchsius of an error / erreth in Lithospermo much more hys selfe If he say that he setteth furth Lithospermon Plinij / theÌ„ he

first furthe that it diuideth it self into a roote It is best to saw it grouelyng There must be euer two sett together / as many about for euery one soweÌ„ alone / should bring furth to weike a plant Four of theÌ„ grow together The fleshe of the Date waxeth rype in a yeare In certayn other places as in-Cyprus allthough it com neuer to rypenes / yet it is swetishe with a plesant taste And there is the lefe broder / the fruite is rounder theÌ„ other be Nether is it takeÌ„ that the body of it should be eteÌ„ / but the iuice pressed out / that the other partes may be spitted out agayn Date trees loue to be remoued We haue saide before the Date trees loue a saltishe grouÌ„d Wherefore wher as there is none suche / men strow salt there / not euen vpon the rootes / but a lytle further of They bere euen in the first yere / anon after theyr plantyng But in Cyprus and in Syria / and Egypt / som of them bryng furth fruite when they ar iiij yere olde / and som when they ar fyue yere olde / when it is of the hyght of a man And as long as the tre is very yong / the fruite hath no stone within him / and therfore suche ar called geldynges There ar many kindes of Date trees Men vse the barun trees for tymber / in Assyria / all the lande of Persis / and namely for the finest and perfitest workes There ar also woddes of Date trees whiche vse to be cut down / whiche spryng agayn of the rootes And there is a swete mary or pithe in the top which they call the brayn And when that is takeÌ„ furth / they liue still as other do not There ar sum that ar called chame ropes / and they haue a brode lefe and soft And they ar moste mete to bynde vyndes with They grow plentuously in CaÌ„dy / but more pleÌ„tuously in Sicilia The coles that ar made of the Date trees / do ly loÌ„g are loÌ„g in dying / the fyer thereof / is a very slow fyre There ar sum Date trees in whose fruite is a stone bowyng after the fasshon of an half moon And thys sum polishe with a toothe with a certayn religion / agaynst forspekyng and bewitchyng There is one kynde of Date trees called Margarides / these ar shorte / white / rounde / and more lyke vnto round berries / theÌ„ to acornes / by reson where of they haue theyr name of perles Som say that there is a kynde of them / Inchora / and also that there is one of them / which ar called Syagri Where of we haue hearde a grete wonder / that is to wete / that that same kynde dieth lyueth agayn by it self / as the byrd called Phenix dothe / whiche is supposed to haue receyued hyr name of thys kinde of Date tre / for the cause aboue rehersed And whilse as I wrote these thynges that ye now rede / it brought furth fruite The fruite of it is grete / hard / roughe illfauored to looke to / and differeth from all other kyndes by a wild rammishe and rank taste that it hath The which same thynges we haue allmoste perceyued to be in bores / and thys is the moste euydent cause of the name of it There ar other Dates that grow about the hygher partes of Ethiopia / called cariote / which haue in them muche meate and muche iuice / where of the men of the Easte / make their chefe wines But they ar euel for the head-ach / where of they haue theyr name But as there is grete plenty / and the ground bereth very many / so moste excelleÌ„t noble Dates grow in Iewry / not euery there / but moste about Ierico There ar sum kyndes of Dates called dactyli / and they ar of the dryer sorts / and they ar long and small and somthyng croked Dates in Ethiopia ar broken into pouder such is the drought there and after the maner of mele they ar thicked vp and of them brede is made The Date there / groweth in a bushe that hath branches / a cubit long / a brode lefe / a round fruite / but greter then an apple / they call them cycas They wax ripe in thre yeres / and there is allwayes one Date vpon the bushe / other groweth vnder the same They ar fittest to be kept that grow in saltishe and sandy groundes / as in Iewry and in Africa about Syrene But they can not be kept in Egypt / Cyprus / Syria / Seleucia / therefore they fede swyne and other bestes with them Many of Alexandres souldyers was strangled with grene Dates And that chanced in Gedrosis by a certayn kynde of fruite / but in other places it chanceth by the reson of the grete plenty The leues of the Date tre neuer fall of Out of Theophrastus THe Date tre is allwayes grene / and the leues haue the fasshon of a redis lefe It desyreth a saltishe and a sandy ground and of ten wateryng / and aboue all thynges oft to be remoued If ye will sow Dates / ye must bynde two together / and other two together aboue the first cople / and lay them all grouelynges toward the grounde And as soun as they begyn to com furthe / the rootes fold in one about an other / so grow together that they make but one tre And thus do they because if one were alone / the tre wold be to weike When it is first remoued and transplanted / and also euery tyme afterwarde / men vse to cast salt about the rootes of the yong Date trees If a Date tre be topped or lopped it will lyue no longer after Out of Plutarch THe wod of the Date tre / if ye lay a weight vpon it / and therwith labor to presse it down / yet it wil not bow downwarde / but it boweth in to the contrary / as thoughe it withstod the burden / that violently pressed it The very same thyng doutles chanceth in the trying of mastries / vnto wrastlers / championis / for they bow down them by pr ssyng / which by dastardnes / and weiknes of mynde gyue place vnto them But they that continew maÌ„fully in that besynes / go not only forwarde / and increase in bodely streyngthe / but also in wisdome of the mynde Out of Aulus Gellius AVlus Gellius also a famous wryter / sayeth in hys thyrde booke noctium atticarum that the Date tre hath in it a certayn singulare / and speciall properti that agreeth with the disposition and maner of valiant bold men / for if ye lay / sayeth he / grete heuy weyghtes / and presse and burden it so sore / that it is not able to abyde the gretnes of the weyght / it geueth no place nor boweth downwarde / but it ryseth vp agayn / agaynst the burden and loboreth to grow vpward /

burnyng heat of swelled places / called Erispilata / or of other saynt Antonies fyre / agaynst crepinge sores and fretinge sores / agaynst the inflammationes of the eyes / agaynst burning and hote goutes It is good to poure vpon the head that aketh / the iuyce of Housleke wyth perched barley mele and rose oyle / the same to be geuen in drinke vnto them that are bitten of the felde spider It is also geuen vnto them that haue a great lax / or the blody flixe If it be dronken wyth wine / it driueth out of the bellye brode wormes if it be serued after the maner of a suppository vnto weomen / as the place inquireth / it stoppeth the issue of weomen the iuice also is good for them that are blare eyed / if it come of blood The leaues of the second kinde / called stone crepe / hath the same nature that Housleke hath The thyrde kinde called Vermicularis / hath an hote nature / and sharpe and blisteringe / and power to dryue awaye wennes / if it be layed to wyth swynes grese Of the corne called Spelt Zeae primum genus Zeae alterum genus SEmen is called in Greke Zeia / in Italian Splelta pirra biada and alga / in Duche speltz / it may in English be called spelt howbeit I neuer sawe it in England There are two kindes of zea / whereof the one is called single / and the other two cornes / because it hath the sede ioyned together in two chaffy coueringes The fyrst kind is called in Duche Tinkel The seconde kinde is called speltz / and is comon about Weissenburg in hygh Almany / viij duch myle of thys syde of Strasburg And there all men vse it in the stede of wheat / for there groweth no wheat at all Yet I neuer sawe fayrer and pleasanter bread in any place in all my lyfe / then I haue eaten there / made only of this spelt / the corn is muche lesse then wheat / and shorter then rye / but nothing so black The vertues of Spelt DIoscorides writeth / that spelt is good for the stomack / and that if it be taken in bread / it norisheth more then barley / and lesse then wheate If any man desyre to knowe any more of the fashon and properties of spelta / let him rede Galene of the poures of wheates and norishmentes / and Theophrast in the seuenth booke of plantes / there he shall haue it / that he desyreth Of Groundsell Senecio SEnecio is named in Greke Erigeron / in Englishe Groundsel or Groundiswil / in Duch kreutzwurtz Grounsel hath a stalk a cubit hygh / somthyng rede / litle leaues growyng together / indeÌ„ted in the outermost partes / after the maner of the leaues of rocke / but muche lesse It hath yelowe floures / whyche shortlye ryue / and wyther into doun / whervpon it hath the name in Greke Erigeron / because the floures after the maner of heare waxe hory in the spring of the yeare The roote is nothinge wurth / it groweth most in mud walles and about cyties The vertues of groundsell THe leaues and the floures haue a coolinge nature / wherefore if they be brused / and layed to wyth a litle wyne / they heale the burninge heat or inflammation of the stones / and of the fundament / the same thinge wil they do / if they be layed on alone but layed to wyth the fyne pouder of Frankincense / it healeth both the woundes / and of the synewes / and other places / the downe also of it / layd to wyth vinegre alone / is good for the same purposes / but the freshe downe if it be dronken / strangleth the hole stalke sodden wyth water / and dronke wyth maluasey / healeth the ake of the stomack that ryseth of choler Of wild thyme Serpillum BOth Dioscorides and Plinye make two kindes of Serpillum / that is of crepinge thyme But they do not agre in the description of them for Dioscorides describeth Serpillum thus / one kinde of Serpillum groweth in gardines / and resembleth Mergerum in smell / and it is vsed to be put in garlandes it hath the name of serpendo / that is of crepinge / because whatsoeuer parte of it toucheth the grounde / it fasteneth rootes therein It hath leaues and braunches lyke Organe / called of som wilde Mergerum / but whyter but if it be set about hedges / it groweth more lustely the other kind is wild / and is called zigis This doth not crepe / but standeth right vp / and it putteth furth small stalkes / after the maner of a vind / whych are full of leaues lyke vnto rue / but the leaues are narrower / longer and harder / the floures haue a bytinge taste / the smell of it is very pleasante / the roote is nothynge wurth It groweth more stronger in rockes / and it is hoter / then it of the gardine / and is fitter for physick But Pliny wryteth thus of Serpillum Men thynke that it hath the name of serpendo / that is of crepinge / whyche thynge it chanseth in the wilde / and speciallye vpon rockes / the gardine serpillum crepeth not / but groweth vnto the hyght of a span it is fatter that groweth of hys owne will / and hath whyter leaues and boughes / and it is good agaynst serpentes Hetherto Pliny Nowe ye se the contrary iudgement of these two greate learned men / wherof the one sayeth the gardin serpillum crepeth not / but groweth ryght vp It is harde to tell to whether of these a man should stick the authorite of Dioscorides moueth me to stande of hys syde / but som experience as I shall declare hereafter / maketh me rather leane vnto Pliny / for as I haue seldom sene anye serpillum / though it had ben brought surth of the feldes / and set in the gardine / crepe and take routes from the ioyntes of the braunches so I neuer sawe anye in the felde that grew alltogether streyght vp / from the ground specially / if it were of any age / but dyd alwayes crepe and grow along by the grounde howbeit I grant that euen the wilde serpillum / when as it bringeth furth hys top and floure / hath a litle stalke aboue the ground about vj. inches longe / or therabout it is possible that Dioscorides loking vpon the wilde serpillum / about the tyme of flouringe / and not considering it at other tymes / dyd therefore geue sentence that the wilde serpillum dyd not crepe / but that it of the gardine should crepe / and take routes in the grounde at the ioyntes / it is contrarye to my experience / except he mean of such as is brought from the feldes / and is planted in the gardin / for allthough it busheth largely / and groweth somthyng asyde / yet it fastneth very seldom any rootes in the grounde / whereof the cause maye be / that the gardineres will not

let it growe so long / that it maye crepe vpon the ground / and so will not suffer it to take roote It is also lyke it that Pliny calleth the small kind of tyme / that is comon in our gardines in Englande / serpillum hortense / and if that be his meaninge / then is hys opinion very true / for that neuer crepeth And that there are two kyndes of tyme / and not one alone as som holde / wherof Pliny may call the one serpillum hortense / these wordes of Dioscorides in Epitimo beare wytnes Epithymum is the floure of an harder thyme / and lyke vnto sauery Plinye also maketh two kindes of thyme / but he diuideth them not as Dioscorides doth / but he diuideth the one into the whyter / and the other into the blacker / where as Dioscorides diuideth thys thymes into the harder / whych is greater / and into the softer and lesse kinde / wherefore the lesse and softer kinde may be the gardine serpillum of Pliny / no kinde of Plinyes thymes And these do I saye rather by the waye of serching for the truth / then for any determination / leuing the mater to the iudgemente of the learned and discret reader Serpillum that is in gardines / is called in the moste parte in Englande creping thyme / and about Charde pulimountayn It that is abroade in the feldes / is called wilde thyme in English / and in Duche Quendel / in Nether land / vnser lieuer frawen betstro / in Frenche du Serpolet / in Italian serpillo / in Spanish / serpolho The vertues of wilde thyme or rinning thyme RInning thyme dronken / bringeth doun a womans sikenes / and dryueth furth water It is also good for the gnawyng and wringing in the bellye / for bursten places and drawen together / against the inflammationes of the lyuer / and against serpentes / both dronken and also layd to wythout The same sodden wyth vinegre / and afterward mixed with rose oyle / will swage the head ache / of the broth be poured vpon the head It is meruelous good / for the forgetfull euell called of som letharge / and for the phrenesye The iuyce of it dronken in the quantite of iiij drammes / wyth vinegre / stoppeth the vomiting of blood SerpilluÌ„ is more then hote in the seconde degre a greate deale I take it to be hote in the thyrde degre Of Melilote or Italian Melilote SErta campana or Sertula campana / is named in Greke Melilotos / but howe it is called in Englishe / I can not tell / for I neuer sawe it in England / but it may be called right melilote / or Italian melilote / som Duche men though it grow no more in Duch land / then it doth in England / call it in Duche / Welsch steynklee I haue sene two kindes of Melilote / where of the one came out of Italy / whych I reken was the true Melilote / and an other kinde whych came out of Spayn / whych Matthiolus maketh his Scorpioides / wyth sede in longe hornes / throw the whych a man myght se / how euery sede dyd lye Of Melilote out of Dioscorides THe best Melilote groweth about Athenes / and in Cisik / and Chalcedonia / and it resembleth saffron / is well smelling It groweth also in Campania / aboute Nola / of the color of a quince / but of a weyk smell I fynde no larger description of melilote in Dioscorides / wherefore we muste gather the description by other meanes / then by hys description It doth appeare by the name of Melilote / that it is a kinde of Lotus / and all the kindes of Lotus haue thre leaues together / lyke a clauer / where vpon I gather that melilote ought to haue leaues lyke to clauer or trifoly Dioscorides also intreatinge of Ligustrum or appennine louage maketh the leaues of it lyke vnto the leaues of melilote But the ligusticum hath leaues speciallye them that are outermoste / thre growynge together lyke vnto a clauer or trifolye / but longer / whereby and by the former description / a man may playnely gather / that the comon herbe that is vsed for melilote / is not the ryght melilote For the ryghte melilote must haue longe leaues lyke Ligustik / whyche the comon melilote hath not / and also it must resemble saffron / and haue a good smell / whyche propertyes / because they can not be founde in the comon melilote / therefore it can not be the ryghte melilote / but a kynde of wilde lotus / whereof Theophrast maketh manye kindes The vertues of Melilote MElilote hath a poure to bynde together / and to soften euery inflammation / speciallye about the eyes / the mother / the fundament and stones / with maluasey / and so layed to / somtyme there muste be menged withall / the yolke of an egge rosted / or the mele of fenelgreke / or lintsede / or floure / or the heades of poppy / or succory / or endiue sodden in water / it healeth newe Meliceridas / that is impostemes / hauynge wythin them an humor lyke hony It healeth also the rinninge sores of the head / if it be layed to wyth the earth of Cio / and wyne / or wyth a galle / both sodden wyth wyne / and also raw / layd to wyth any of the fornamed / it swageth the ache of the stomack The rawe iuyce pressed oute and poured in wyth maluasey / healeth the ache of the eares It healeth also the head ache if it be menged wyth vinegre and rose oyle / and sprenckled vpon the head Galene wryteth that melilote is of a mixed qualite / and that it is somthyng byndynge / and that it digesteth therewyth / and maketh rype / and that the substance of it is more hote then colde Of the herbe called Sesamum SEsamum is not described of Dioscorides / therfore many erre about the knowledge of it I wil therfore gather as much as I caÌ„ out of other old autores / wherby it may here after be serched better found out and more perfitly knowen Theophrast rekeneth milium panicum sesamam together / in the viij boke and fyrst chapter / and in the iij. chapter / and many other places Columella where as he speaketh of the sowyng of milium and panicum / immediatlye maketh mention also of sesama as a thyng / lyke one to an other Pliny in diuerse places doth the same / as in the xviij boke and vij chapter / and in the xxij boke / xxv chapter / and Dioscorides by and by after milium and panicum writeth of sesama / as of a thyng lyke vnto them / wherevpon a man may gather that there is greate lykenes betwene milium panicum and sesama Theophrast lib. viij cap. iij. writeth the sesama hath such a stalke as the ferula hath / whiche is holowe / and lyke vnto a homlok / and in the v.

iuice of panicis Also if they be layde vnto louse nayles / they make them come of the soner Of wall penny grasse VMbilicus veneris is named in Greke kotyledon scytalion and cymbalion It hath a leafe lyke vnto the hole that receyueth the rounde ende of the huckel bone / whiche hath the forme of a sawser / rounde and darkly holowe / a short stalk in the middes / wherein groweth sede It hath a rounde roote lyke an olyue Thys herbe groweth in welles and diuers places of Summerset shyre in more plentye / then euer I sawe in anye other place all my lyfe I knowe no English name for it but lest it should be wythout a name / I call it wall penny grasse To put a difference betwene it and the shepekyllinge penny grasse / that groweth in merishe and waterye groundes As for the other kinde / I neuer sawe it that I wote of / excepte I sawe it paynted in Matthiolus / but his seconde kinde is set oute wyth lesse leaues then the former is / whych agreeth not wyth the description of Dioscorides / who maketh the seconde kinde bigger then the former The vertues of wall pennye grasse THe iuyce of the leaues layd to wyth wyne / or poured in / louseth the stoppinge of the priuities The same layde to / is good for the inflammationes / and saint Antonies fyre / for kybed heles / and wennes / burninge stomackes But the leaues taken in meate wyth the rootes / breake the stone / prouoke water / and they are geuen wyth honied wine to them that haue the dropsey Of the Elm tre Vlmus VLmus is named in Greke Ptelea / in Duche ein ilm baum / in English an Elm tre / it groweth comonly in all countrees Theophraste maketh two kindes of elm / the elm of the playne and mount elme The playne elme is more braunchie or full of braunches the mount elme is of greater grouth the leafe is not diuided / lightly iagged about / longer then a peare tre lefe / rough and not smothe This tre is notable both in greatnes and in leingth It loueth moyste groundes the tymbre is yelowe / strong / full of synewes / and euel fauored / for it is al hart Virgil also maketh the elm an hygh tre in thys verse Nec gemere aeria cessabit turtur ab vlmo The vertues of the Elm tre THe leues / the boughes / and the barck of the elm tre / haue a binding vertue the leaues are good for the lepre / layd to with vinegre / they bind woundes together / but the bark is better / therfore if it be bound to as a swadling band But the thicker barck dronken with wine or water in the quantite of an vnce / driueth out fleme If broken bones be sprengled washed with the broth of the leaues / or the barke of the roote / they will soner be couered with an hard crust grow together But the iuyce that is in the knoppes or buddes that come fyrst furth if it be layd to / it maketh the face very clere the same moysture after that it is dried vp / is resolued into litle flies like ganattes The fyrste grene leaues are sodden for kichin or sowell as other eatable herbes be Of the Nettell Vrtica Romana Vrtica maior Vrtica minor VRtica is named in Greke acadyphe / and knide in English a nettel / in Duche ein nessel / in French ortye There are two kindes of nettels the one is wilder sharper and broder / and it hath blacker leaues the sede is lyke lynt sede / but lesser This is the kinde that is called Vrtica Romana / and it groweth in Englande onlye in gardines but in Italy / and in Mentz in Germanye it groweth wilde as our comon nettel doth The second kinde hath small sede / and is not so sharpe as the other is / and this take I to be our comon nettel of Englande The vertues of Nettels THe leaues of both the kindes of nettels / layd to wyth salt / heale the biting of a dog / sores called gangrenes / and other caÌ„kred sores / and foule sores / and partes out of ioynte / lumpes / swellinges behind the eares / swelling of kirnelles lyke bread / and impostemes The same are good to be layde on the milt wyth waxe The leaues broken and put in wyth the iuyce / stoppeth the gussing out of blood of the nose If they be brused / and put in with myr / they bringe doune floures The grene leaues layde to / set the mother in her place agayn / when it is fallen doune The sede dronken with maluasey / ster a man to the pleasure of the bodye / and openeth the mother the same licked vp wyth hony / is good for the stopping of the pipes / for the pleuresy and long sought or inflammation of the lunges It bringeth out tough fleme whyche cleueth fast in the brest or lunges The leaues sodden wyth shell fishe / soften the belly / louse winde / and make a maÌ„ pisse But then it bringeth fleme beste out of the brest / when it is soddeÌ„ wyth a tyfan The broth of the leaues that are sodden wyth myrr if it be dronken / it will bring doune weomens floures the iuice if a man gargle with it / it is good for the inflaÌ„mation of the vuula Of Clot bur Xanthium XAnthium is named in duch betlers leuÃŸ or klein kletten / in French glouteron / in English clot bur or dich bur / it groweth in fat groundes and in diches / that are dryed vp it hath a stalk a cubit long / fat and full of corners / and therein many winges or holow places like armeholes The leaues ar like vnto a reche cut about the edge / wyth a smell lyke cresses the fruyt is round / as a big olyue / full of prickes / as the pilles of the playn tre are / and they will stick vpon your clothes / if ye touche them The vertues of Diche bur THe dich bur is good to be layd vnto swellinges The broth of the bark of the roote dronken / wasteth away the swelling of the milt / and the broth of it / if it be sodden wyth wyne / fasteneth louse teth / if the mouth be wasshed therewyth Of Xyris or Spourgwurt Xiris XYris hath leaues lyke floure de Lice / but broder and sharp in the top / and a great stalk of a cubit hyght / cominge oute of the leaues wherein are thresquared coddes / and in them is a purple floure / and it that is in the middes / is of a cremesin color / and there is sede in the sede vesselles / lyke the fruyte called Faba in Latin / rounde / rede and bytinge the roote is parted wyth many ioyntes / and it is long and rede in color Diuerse learned men holde that thys is the herbe / whych is comonly called of the comon herbaries spatula fetida /

of it be eaten with the yolke of an egge / it worketh the same effect / and the pouder doth the same thinge wounderfullye receyued in wyne And there are credit worthy witnesses aliue / as yet that haue tryed this in them selues / which could not rede without spectacles and afterward red a small text without spectacles If the wine be to stronge / tempre it with fenel water or with sugar / Thus Arnoldus in his boke of wines Tragus writeth that he hath proued that it is good for the iaundes / and I gather by the bitternes and heat that it hath measurable / that it is good against all diseases that come of the stopping of the milt or liuer / or any other parte / and that it is good to cut in peces tough fleme and other grosse humores Of Filipendula Oenanthe FIlipendula is named in Englishe also Filipendula / that is hanging by a threde / for the knobbye rootes hange by small thinges lyke thredes It is called in Duche Rotten steinbrech It is somthinge lyke vnto Burnet / but the leaues are lesse / and it resembleth also the greater kinde of Yarrow / but the leaues are greater / the rootes are manye litle knobbes like longe nuttes / hanginge vpon small thinges like thredes The stalke is longe and smalle / the floures are whyte and of a pleasant smell / not vnlyke vnto the floures of Medowurt The vertues of Filipendula FIlipendula dryueth furth water / and is good for the strangurion / and for the stone in the kidneis / and the ache therein The same as the later writers hold / driueth awaye the windines of the stomach / and that it is good for them that are shortwinded / and for al diseases that rise of cold Some hold also that the pouder of the rotes is good for the falling sicknes Of the herbe called Galega GAlega is named in Italian about Ferraria also Regalicum / in other places Ruta capraria It groweth in great plentye aboute Ferraria about the banke of the noble flood Padus It groweth high vp with leaues like Licores Galega siue Ruta capraria The vertues THE newe writers do hold that Galega is good against the pestilence and against all venome and poyson / and bitinge or prickinge of venemous beastes The iuyce of the herbe hath the same vertue / and it is good to be layde emplasterwyse vpon the same wounded and hurt places Some write that an vnce and a halfe of it is good to be geuen for them that haue the falling sicknes I neuer sawe this herbe growinge in anye place but in gardines / sauinge onlye in Italye Of Gratiola Gratiola I Haue not sene Gratiolam growing in England / sauing two rootes or thre that I set out of Brabant / gaue vnto maister Riche and maister Morgan Apotecaries of London Wherefore I knowe no Englishe name for it But it maye be called herbe Gratius / or horse werye / or werye horse / because when it is eaten of horses / it fainteth them and maketh them wery / for the which cause it is called in ItaliaÌ„ Stanka cauallo The herbe groweth in moyst grondes / as about Wormes in the close that is hard by the water side beyond the bridge / where as my seruantes gathered an hole wallat ful at one tyme. The herbe is somtyme two spannes longe in Germanye when it groweth by water sydes The leaues are not lyke the leaues of hisope as Matthiolus writeth / but much bigger and longer / and of an other coloure that is more whytish grene / and not so blackishe grene as hisope is About the edges of the leaues stand out litle certaine thinges like teth / namely about the endes of the leaues / the floures grow out of a long fote stalke / in figure long / in colour whitish / with some pece purplish / within a litle yelowish The leaues growe wing-wise by coples one against an other The rotes of it that groweth in Germany / are not like it that Matthiolus setteth furth / for they are more creping in the ground along / and out of these creping rootes springe out many litle stalkes / ye maye cut the crepinge roote into manye peces / and euery one of them wil growe and bring furth stalkes / leaues and floures The hole herbe is verye bitter The vertues and complexion of the Diet woode THis herbe is good for a dropsey / for it purgeth water fleme and choler strongly / for two scruples will purge a metely strong body The herbe brused and layd to a wound as Matthiolus writeth / healeth it verye quickely and spedely Of the wodde called Guiacum GViacum is otherwise called Lignum sanctum that is holy wode Some call it the Diet woode / because they that kepe a Diet for the Frenche poxe / or anye other disease hardly curable / most commonlye drinke the broth of this woode It groweth not in Europa but in Inde and in Taprobana and Iaua / and in diuerse Ilandes of Inde The lerned men as Manardus and other of oure tyme / make thre sortes of the Diet woode The first kinde is verye bigge / and in the middes / in the in most parte it appereth blacke / and wtoute it is pale or reddishe The seconde kinde is muche lesse / and the blacke within muche lesse The thirde kinde whiche is properlye called the holye woode / is lesse then all the other / and it is white both within and withoute / and this is more smellinge and bitinge then the other These thre sortes are not thre diuerse trees in kinde / but all one kinde of tree / but they differ in partes and age The great massy part with so much blacke / is the bole or bodye of the tre The seconde kinde are the bigger braunches the third kind is ether a yong tre / or the small bonghes of the old tre The best is it that is al whyte / so that it be freshe and not iuyceles and wythered The seconde beneth that in goodnes is it that is lesse / and hath lesse black then the greatest The vilest of all thre is that / which is greatest of al the other / and hath most black in it The best barcke is that which is taken of the best wode Guiacum is set oute of diuerse places / as oute of Callecute / Iaua the learned sorte holde that it is beste that commeth out of East Inde / because it is hote of subtile partes / and hath muche rosin in it The vertues of Gratiola or herbe Gratius GViacum dryeth vp / maketh fyne and subtil / melteth or resolueth / scoureth away / and prouoketh sweat / and by the reason of his rosin / withstandeth putrefaction or rottennes of humores in the bodye It is knowen that the broth of Guiacum is good for the French poxe / for the gout that is not depely rooted / for the diseases of the milt and liuer It is good for

Sparta perilla that they geue vnto Guaico and to the rote chine Of Sanicle Saniculae SAnicle is muche lyke vnto Cinkefoly or fiueleued grasse / or vnto the leafe of a vyne / but it is more depely indented in fyue places / the leafe of it is muche lyke vnto some kindes of Kingcuppe / the rote is blacke without and whyte within / full of litle smalle tasselles like thredes comminge oute of them / the stalke is verye smalle lyke vnto a rishe / sometyme a cubite longe In the toppe of it growe manye litle floures / they departe awaye and leue behinde them pretye litle knoppes like litle burres The roote with the rest of the herbe is astringent / and somethinge bitter It groweth commonlye in colde and shadoish woddes and hedges The vertues of Sanicle THe leues or rote of Sanicle sodden in mede dronkeÌ„ / scoureth away the diseases of the lunges / if it be soddeÌ„ in water or wine dronkeÌ„ / it is good for inward burstinges wondes if it be dressed after the same maner / it is good for them that spit blood / for the ache of the backe / for the gnawing of the belly / it stoppeth both the running out of blood of man or woman / men vse to put this herb comonly with other inward wonde herbes It is good for al maner of burstinges / layd to after the maner of an emplaster / some hold that it hath such a mightye pore in ioyning fleshe together / that if it be sodden with fleshe it will make the fleshe growe together in the potte whiles it is in sethinge Of Sanders SAnders are kindes of woode / there are thre kindes / the whyte / the red / and the yelowe / the yelowe is best smellinge / nexte vnto that is the whyte / and last of all is the red / and the yelow in my iudgement is hotest / and nexte vnto him is the whyte / and of the third the red is the coldest I do not agre with the Arabianes which holde that all the Sanders are colde / seynge that the yelow are at the lest hote in the first degre / and the whyte is temperate / and the read scarcely can be proued to be fully colde in the second degre It is proued by often experience that all the thre kindes are very good and profitable for mans principal partes / and that the yelowe are good for the trimblinge of the harte Rede sanders hinder the flowinge of humores to the partes of the bodye / and strenghthen the gummes and stomach Al kindes of Sanders are good for the trimbling of the hart ioyned with an ague / and the speciallye when they are layd vpon the hart Rede sanders are good to be menged with colde herbes both for the goute and for the head ache of an hote cause / and they stoppe humores that flowe into the eyes Sanders / namelye rede / are good to be brused and put into rose water / and to foment there with any place diseased with heate / and namelye the liuer Sanders are good against itchinge / if the place be bathed with the water that they are sodden in Of Saxifrage THE later writers call manye herbes Saxifrages / and especiallye suche as breke the stone / for so doth this worde Saxifrage signifie In Englande there is a wilde kinde of Daucus with longe smal leaues / whiche groweth commonlye in ranke medowes / that oure Countremen call Saxifrage Aboute Colon there groweth in sandye groundes not far from the Rhene syde a kinde of Saxifrage / whiche groweth verye thicke and crepeth by the grounde in fashion and forme lyke vnto Tyme the Coloners call it Klein steinbrech / and I name it in English Tyme saxifrage I haue sene of this kinde growinge in Essexe by the Seasyde There is an other in Germanye called weiss Steinbrech This hath round leaues / and is indented very litle / I mighte compare it to Yuie / if it had a sharpe pointe comminge oute of the middes / the stalke is small / and whyte floures growe in the toppes / the rote is full of litle knoppes lyke pearles It groweth verye commonlye in Germanye and in diuerse places of England to / Fuchsius maketh the common Melilote Saxifragiam luteam / that is yelow steinbrech Saxifragia alba The vertues of Saxifrage THE name of Saxifrage teacheth the vertues of all the kindes thereof / and declare the vertues of theÌ„ The white Saxifrage with the indented leafe is moste commended for the breakinge of the stone / for if the leaues and rootes be sodden in wine / they make a man make water / and purge the kidneis and driue out the stone both of the bladder and kidneys / if it be not confirmed into muche hardnes before The newe writers holde also that if the rotes be beaten into pouder / and made after the maner of an electuary and receyued / is good for the same purpose Some of them hold also / that if in the moneth of May the herbe be distilled in a duble vessel after the maner of alcumistry / that the water thereof after a man hath sitten in a warme bath dronken / hath the same propertye to breake the stone Of the herbe called Scabius SCabiosa is named in English Scabius / and there are diuerse kindes of Scabius / wherofsome are more some are lesse / most commonly according vnto the nature of the grounde where as they growe it that groweth amongest the corne / is raÌ„kest of al other And this is the token whereby Scabius is knowen from the deuils byte / and diuerse other lyke herbes vnto it / that if ye breake the leafe insunder / ther will come out small sinewes like smalle here 's whiche will not suffer the one halfe of the leafe to be pulled insunder one from an other to fall awaye to the ground of a longe tyme. All the leaues of euerye kinde of Scabius are indented or iagged / and haue blewe floures in the vppermoste of the stalke Scabiosa The vertues of Scabius SCabius which hath the name of Scabbes / is good against scabbes and breking out of the skin / whether it be takeÌ„ in with the broth wherin it is sodden in / or if the sore places be anointed with the iuyce of it / or with an oyntment made of it It is good for al the diseses of the brest lunges / for it purgeth the lunges brest of all filthy matter It is very good to be layd vpon pestilent sores to ripe theÌ„ / to breke them / in so much that if dedly sores be anointed plastered therwith al / in iij. houres as the later writers hold / the same wil vanishe and go away / or ellis at the lest be resolued or made ripe Of the herbe called Sene. Sena THere hath bene a great errour of late yeares amonges many men / whiche haue thought that Sene had bene a tre / which groweth in

vertues They write that they are good to heale olde rinninge sores If one parte of the roote of Tormentil be dronken in rayne water / and an other be brused and layd to the kidneys with vinegre / it wil holde the birth that it fall not before the tyme. Tormentil is good for them that can not hold ther water / if it be taken with the iuyce of Plantayne It will stoppe weomens floures if they sitt in the broth of it vp to the nauell / the rootes wil do the same / if they be smal broken / and knodden together with hony and spicknard / and layd to the lowest part of the bellye The ponder of Tormentil sprincled vpon a wonde / stoppeth the blood that runneth out of it the pouder mingled with the whyte of an egge and fried vpon a tyle stone / and by and by eaten / stoppeth the vomitinge of choler The broth of the rootes is a good remedye for al kindes of poyson / and some hold that if it be stilled in balneo Mariae it will do the same / manye vse to put the roote in medicines that are made against the pestilence The rote of Tormentil is good for the bloodye flixe / and to heale grene wondes that are withoute and within taken in with drinke Of the herbe Trinite THere is an herbe which I haue sene growynge in the alpes and in some gardines in Germany which is called of some writers Trinitaria of other Hepatica nobilis in duch Edel leberkraut It hath thre sharpe pointes on euerye lefe The lefe looketh like vnto a clauer / but that it is hole and not cut to the bottom The leaues grow vpon longe foote stalkes The principal stalkes are longe and smalle / and vpon the toppe of them growe floures / and no where ellis / in white blew When the floures are gone / there ariseth a knop wherein the sedes ar / in color blewish and long / not vnlike vnto the sede of Columbine The vertues of herbe Trinite / or noble Liuerwurte THE later writers hold that this herbe is good for the liuer / and specially for the liuer of new maried yong men / which are desyrous of childer / and that it is good for the prouokinge of Vrine / and for the diseases of the bladder and kidneis / and other diseases of the bladder and kidneis / and other diseases of the inwarde partes The same saye that the water of this herbe is good to dryue fyrye burninges from anye place greued therewith Of Valeriane THere are diuers herbes that are called Valerian / Phu in Dioscorides is called Valeriana magna of the Apothecaries There is an herbe that groweth in watery places besides ditches and riuers / which hath leaues growynge vpon braunches lyke vnto Ashe leaues / and hath a roote full of smal stringes lyke thredes / of a smell not vnpleasant There is an other kinde whiche we call Valerian in Englishe / and it hath a blew floure which is called of some Latine men Valeriana Graeca Phu magnum Phu vulgare The vertues of these herbes OVRE Englishe men vse the Valerian / whiche is called Valeriana Graeca againste cuttes and woundes And the Duche vse there Valeriana to drinke it or to laye it in whyte wine / and to washe the eyes withal / for they saye it is tryed by experience / that it is wounderfullye good both for the kepinge of the eyes and also for the increase of the eyesight Some vse to laye the roote amonges clothes / to make them smell swete But I woulde that it shoulde be menged with other herbes that are good for the plague / and with suche herbes as are good for the openinge of the lyuer and the milt / for it serues well for that purpose Of Fluellin Veronica FLuellin is called in Latin Veronica in Duch EhreÌ„preis / it crepeth by the ground and hath small litle iagged leaues / which are not very long nor very broad They grow in order two and two together / some of the leaues bowe inward and beare the likenes of a gutter / one kind which is moste common crepeth by the grounde / and is founde vpon old mold hilles couered with grasse / and aboute tre rootes / in the top of the stalkes are longe eares where in are in whyte blewe floures with a litle scattered here and there When as the floures are gone / there arise litle sede vessels like vnto them of Bursa pastoris The sedes are very smal that are conteined therein The vertues of Fluellin VEronica or Fluellin hath a certaine bitternes in it / and verye muche bindinge or astriction It is wonderfully good both for grene woundes and old also / for scabes / fourfines and all sores / some hold that it is good for the common lepre / which is in dede Clephantia The newe writers hold that it driueth away swellinges / namely such as are in the necke And they saye that it is good for the pestilence and for the stopping of the liuer and milt / and that it is good for lunges that haue the skin of Of the herbe called Virga aurea Virga aurea THE herbe that is called of some Virga aurea is named of other Herba Iudaica and Solidago Saracenica It is named in Duche Heydnisch wundkraut / it may be called in English Golden rod / or Hethnish wountwurte It hath a stalke somthinge hollowe / two cubites longe / which is rede as the rotes are also / the leaues are longe like a Pech or Wylow lefe / but al indented about like a saw There grow yelowe floures in the toppe / which at the length turne into whyte downe I haue marked two kindes herbe / whereof the better is it with the rede stalkes / braunches and rotes / and doth growe in plentye a litle from the cytie of Wysenburge in high Almanye in the syde of an high mountayne / and in diuerse other mountaynes and wildernesses in that countre The other kinde hath a grene stalke and grene braunches / but it differeth nothinge in fashon and figure from the other kinde / but in color and in the place of growynge / for this groweth in manye places besyde the Rhene The vertues of the Golden rod. THE Surgianes of Germanye make of thys herbe wyth other of lyke nature / as are Sanicle / Fluellin / Herbe two pence / and suche other a wounde drinke / whiche they gyue into them that are wounded within / and douteles they do manye great cures there with This herbe is wonderfullye good both for inward and outward woundes They vse this also for fistulas and false and hollowe woundes / crepinge inwarde Arnolde of Newton writeth that this herbe is good to make a man make water / and to breake the stone This herbe stoppeth laxes both in drinke and in clisters The broth of it healeth sores and blisters in the mouth / and it fasteneth and strenghteneth the teth If ye gargle with the

Dioscorides It is not therefore truely sayeth of Matthiolus / that the fyrste kinde of Wormwod that Dioscorides intreateth of / is the common Wormwode that groweth commonlye in Italye / whiche is the common Wormwode both of Germanye and of Fraunche / of Englande / and of Scotlande Because Dioscorides describeth not Pontike wormwode / as an herbe in hys tyme well ynough knowen / euen vnto the common sorte If anye other Autentike author describeth Pontike wormwod at large / we ought to beleue him / and to take that for Pontike wormwode / whyche disagreeth wyth hys description But where as Dioscorides lefte Pontike wormwode vndescribed / the noble Phisician Galene / who practised Phisick / not onelye in Grecia / but also in Rome / described Absinthium Ponticum verye diligentlye / wherefore we must take that onelye for Pontike wormwode / that agreeth not wyth hys description But this common Wormwode agreeth not wyth the description of Galene of Pontike wormwode / therefore thys common Wormwod is not the Pontike wormwode Galene in the description of Pontike wormwode sayeth that in Pontike wormwode is no small bindinge qualitie In all other Wormwoddes the bitter qualite is moste exceadinge and greatest Pontike wormwode hath a leafe and a floure muche lesse then the other haue / the smell also of the same is not onelye not vnpleasant / but also resembling in smell a certeyne spice But all the other haue a stinkinge or foule smell These are Galenes wordes But the common great wormwod is bytterer then all other Wormwoddes / it hath a greater leafe and floure / then anye other / and it stinketh also more then anye other Wormwod / therefore of all other it is farthest from Pontike wormwod I knowe thre sortes of Wormwode besyde the common / the right Sea wormwode / the smale Wormwode that groweth in the olde walles and ruines of Rome / and the thyrde sorte / that groweth in Gardines in Englande / and in the fieldes aboute Wormes and Spyer in Germanye All these thre sortes haue lesse leaues and floures / and a better smell then the common Wormwod hath Therefore if Matthiolus had regarded as he oughte to haue done the authorite of Galene / he shoulde haue taken anye of these thre / or at the lest two of them rather for Pontike wormwod / then the common wormwode / namely when as he hath sene these two sortes of Wormwod / the one in Rome and the other ether in Italy or in Germany / or at the lest described in the later writers of the Germanes / vnder the name of Abrotoni feminee / and especiallye in Fuchsio and in Hieronymo Trago / where he sayeth that the clyme or nature of the countreye maketh such diuersite and difference betwene the wormwod Pontik and the Wormwod of Italy / which he can no other waye proue / but by onlye gessinge Then when ther is such diuersite and difference of the clyme and of the nature of the countre betwene Rome and Freseland / and the farthest parte of Englande / then shoulde ther be some notable diuersite betwene the comon wormwod of England and Freseland / and the comon Wormwod of Italy But ther is no difference at all betwene them / nether in qualite nor quantite that a man may perceyue / ye and if ther were any suche notable difference / how chaunseth it that the Wormwod growinge in Germany both in the fieldes and also in gardins / and the Wormwode that groweth in Rome besyde the temple of Peace / and in diuerse other places of the olde walles and ruines of the cytie / are nothing at all / or at the lest but a littel differinge from the quantite and qualite of Pontike wormwode And yet the common Wormwod if it were wormwod Pontike / or a kinde of it / shoulde differ so farre both in quantite and also in diuerse qualities from the right and naturall Pontike wormwod / Surely euen if he coulde proue that it were a kinde of Pontike wormwod which thinge he shall neuer be able to do it must nedes folowe that it were the worst of all the thre kindes that are in Italye Then lett wyse men iudge how rightly Matthiolus iudgeth in this matter / when he refusing ether / or if I should saye the best / not knowinge these two better sortes / aloweth this euell fauored and stinkinge common Wormwode / namelye when as Galene expressedly condemneth thys greate stinkinge and bitter kinde of Wormwod / and aloweth it with the smaler leaues / and better and pleasanter smell Matthiolus as though he had proued his purpos well with his glose of the diuersite of the clymes and natures of the groundes / sayeth also these wordes Galene sayeth in the sixt boke of simple medecines Sothernwod is a fare other thinge from Wormwod / and of wormwod are thre kindes / wherof they call one by the same kinde or countre name / wher it groweth Whereof the Pontik is the best The second they call Seriphium / and the thirde Santonicum / wherefore me thinke that Dioscorides iudged well when in the kindes of comon Wormwod / he commended Pontike aboue the rest This is the sayinge of Matthiolus / If that Dioscorides sayed wel / because Galene sayed the same after him as though Dioscorides makinge thre kindes of Wormwod / and praysing most Pontik wormwod / had not done well / if Galene had not alowed it that Dioscorides had written before If that the autorite of Galene be so great with Matthiolus / why doth he alowe amongest the kindes of Wormwod / for Pontike wormwod that kinde that Galene of all other most disprayseth commandeth to excheue / and taketh awaye from the kindes of PoÌ„tike wormwode / in these wordes / All other Wormwods / sauing Pontik wormwod haue a foule smell and a greater leafe and floure then Pontike hath wherefore they ought to be fled / and Pontike to be receyued But I wote whye he prayseth Dioscorides / that is because he semeth to geue him a maior or sure grounde to make an argument that this comon Wormwode must nedes be Pontike or a kinde of Pontike Wormwod / and he semeth to reason priuely thus Both Dioscorides and Galene make no more kindes of Wormwod but thre but this great kinde of comoÌ„ Wormwode is nether Sea wormwod nor Santonick wormwod Therefore it foloweth that it is Pontick wormwod / or a kinde of it Fyrste vnto this argument I answer / that it is no good argument Dioscorides maketh onely thre kindes of Wormwod / ergo there are only thre kindes of Wormwood / and no more For as Dioscorides doth seuerally describe diuers kindes of herbes / that other haue not touched so diuerse autentike and noble writters do describe diuers kindes of herbes / whereof he hath made no mencion at all Theophrastus who wrote longe before Dioscorides / describeth a kinde Bruthalassij / in likenes and qualite and quantite / muche differing from it that

/ and layd to the teth / are good for the teth ake It swageth also the payne of the teth if it be rosted and put into the teth / so that the payne come of to muche moysture One heade of Garleke dronken with ten drammes of the gume of Laserpitium / driueth awaye the quartain ague for lack of the true Laserpitium / ye maye take the roote of Angelica or Pillitorye of Spayne / called otherwise Magistrantia It prouoketh slepe maketh the colour of the bodye rede / and stirreth men to Venerye / dronken with grene Coriander and stronge wine It is also good for the pype or roupe of hennes and cockes / as Plinye writeth Garleke helpeth the Colike that commeth of winde / and the sciatica that is of fleme It maketh subtill the norishment and the blood The vse of Garleke is euel for al them that are of an hote complexion / for it hurteth the eyes / the heade / the longes / the kidneis / it hurteth also women with chylde and suckinge childer Garleke is as Galene sayth / the men of the countrees triacle It is hote and drye in the fourth degre Of the Alder tree Alnus THE Alder tre whiche is also called an Aller tre / is named in Greke Clethra in Latin Alnus in Duche ein Erlenbaum The nature of this tree is to growe by water sydes and in marrish ground The properties of Alders THE tree when the barke is of / is reade / and the barke is much vsed to dye withal Pliny sayth that Alder is profitable to set at Riuers sydes agaynst the rage of the floude / to helpe and strenghten the banke withall / and that vnder the shadowe of Alder trees maye wel growe any thing / that is set or sowen / whiche thinge chanceth not vnder many other trees Some saye that the iuyce of an Alder trees barke is good for a burninge Of Aloe ALoe maye be called in English herbe Aloe / to put difference betwen the herbe and the iuyce / which coÌ„pacted together dried into greate peces / is coÌ„monly called Aloe Aloe hath fat thick leaues like vnto Squilla or sea vnyon / something broad / rouÌ„d bowing backward It hath leaues of eche syde growynge a wrye / prickye / with fewe crestes and shorte / the stalke is lyke right Affodils stalke / it hath whyte floures fruyte like vnto right Affodil It hath a greuous sauour a wonderful bitter tast / it hath one roote / and sticketh in the ground like a stake I haue sene in Italy in diuerse gardines herbe Aloe / but it endureth not in Italye in gardines aboue thre yeres as the Italianes told me I haue sene herbe Aloe also in Anwerpe in shoppes / there it endureth long alyue as Orpyne doth and housleke / wherefore some haue called it sem per vinum marinum that is Sea aigrene The vertues THere are two kindes of Aloe / one kind is full of sand / and semeth to be the drosse and outcaste of the pure iuice The other kinde is like vnto a liuer / that ought to be taken that is of a good sauour pure / and hath no deceyt in it / shinning without stones of a read coloure / growinge together like a lyuer / britle / easy to melt / and of a great bitternes It that is black and hard to breake is not commended The nature of the herbe Aloe is to he le woundes / and the propertie of the iuyce is to drye vp / to prouoke slepe / and to make bodyes thicke and fast together / and to louse the bellye Two litle spounfuls of Aloe beat into pouder / and taken either with cold or with warme water / purgeth the stomake / stoppeth the vomitinge of blood / and purgeth the iaundes / taken in the quantite of a scruple and halfe with water / or a dram in drinke Thre drammes of Aloe taken make a iust purgation Mesue geueth in pouder or pilles from a dram and a halfe to two drammes / and in stepe or infuse from a dram and a halfe vnto thre drammes and a halfe Aloe mixed with other purgations helpeth that they hurt not the stomake / so much as they wold haue done if they had bene taken alone Aloe dryed / is sprinkled into woundes / and to make them growe together agayne / it bringeth sores to a skinne / and holdeth them in that they sprede no farther / it healeth specially the priuye members that haue sores and the skin of It ioyneth together agayne the skin that couereth the knoppe of boyes yeardes / if it be broken in sunder with maluesey It healeth riftes and hard lumpes that arise in the fundament / it stoppeth the ouer much issuynge of the emroddes / and burstinge out of bloode / it healeth also aguayles when they are cut of With honye it taketh awaye the blewe markes and tokens that come of beatinge or brusinge / it healeth the scabbie blere eyes / and the itche of the corners of the eye It stauncheth the head ache / laid vnto the temple and forhead with vinegre and rose oyle / with wine layd vnto the heade / It holdeth fast the heere that would fall of It is good for the swellinge in the kyrnelles vnder the tonge for the disease of the goumes / and all other diseases of the mouth layd to with wyne and honye Aloe is burnt in a cleane and burninge hote vessel / and is oft stirred with a fether / that it may be all alyke rosted / so it is a good medicine for sore eyes Some tyme it is washed that the sand maye go vnto the bottome Aloe washed is holsomer for the stomach / but it purgeth not so muche as vnwashed Aloe purgeth choler and fleme / it purgeth soner as Mesue sayth if it be taken before meate / and if there be menged with it / Mace / Clowes / Nutmegges / Cinnamum / Mastick / or Folfote Wine or rose water / or the iuyce of Fenel / wherein Aloe mixed with Dragons blood and myrre / healeth stinkinge and olde sores The same mixed with myrre / kepeth dead bodyes from corruptioÌ„ Aloe dissolued with the whyte of an egge / is a good emplaster to stop bloode both of the emrodes / and of any wounde or cuttinge Aloe is not good for them that are muche disposed to the emrodes / for it openeth the mouthes of the veynes It is also euil for them that are hote and drye of nature / but it is good for them that are moyst and cold Aloe is hote in the beginninge of the second degre / and drye in the third degre The best Aloe as Galene writeth commeth from Indye Of Chikewede Alsines CHikewede is called in Greke Alsine / and the Latines vse the same name / in Duche Vogelcraut or Mere / in Frenche Mauron The Pothecaries call it Morsum gallinae This herbe is so well knowen in al countres / that I nede not largelier to describe it

whiche the diers vse to dye yelowe with all / but it hath nether the leaues of Pimpernel / nor the leues of flax / nor the leaues of Goashareth Wherfore Orant is nether the Antirrhinon of Dioscorides / nor the Antirrhinon of Theophrast / nor it of Pliny / wherfor these two writers in this herbe deserue no credit Matthiolus setteth out a kinde of Antirrhinon with sede as he sayth like vnto a Calfys heade If he meane by the word semen the sede alone / and not the fruite with the sede and all together / and Pliny vnderstand the word semen euen so likewise / then I thinke that it shal be harde for Matthiolus to finde suche one But if he meane by the word semen the fruyte hole as it appeareth outwardlye then I thinke that the herbe that Matthiolus setteth out of all other / draweth nerest vnto the description of Antirrhinon in Pliny The properties of Calfes snoute MEn write that thys herbe is good agaynst all poysoned drinkes / and that they that are anoynted wyth thys herbe wyth lily oyle / or priuet oyle / shall thereby wexe fayre and well fouored Theophrastus writeth that some men haue supposed / that the vse of thys herbe shoulde helpe men to obtayne prayse and worship But all these are but dreames of sorcerers / for none of these thre learned men aboue rehersed / write / that this herbe hath thys propertye / but onelye declare the opinions of other men / whiche wrote or spake of these properties by gesse Of Gooshareth Aparine GOoshareth called also Clyuer / because it cleueth vpon meÌ„nes clothes / is named in Greeke Aparine / Philantropos / and Omphalo carpos in Duche / Klebcraut in Frenche / Grateron It hath many branches smal / and four-square and sharpe / the leaues stande in a rounde circle aboute the stalke / certayne spaces goyng betwene / the circles are lyke vnto madder / the floure are whyte / the sede is harde / rounde / some thynge holowe / and whyte in the myddes / lyke vnto a nauell / and it cleueth vnto mennes clothes The shepherdes vse it in the stede of a strayner to pull oute here 's of the mylke Thys herbe groweth in all countres in great plentye The vertues THe iuice of the sede / stalkes / leues of Gooshareth / is good to be dronken agaynst the bytinges of Veperes / Phalanges / and other venemous beastes The same poured into a mannis eare / swageth the payne / the herbe brused wyth hogges grese / dryueth awaye harde kyrnelles and wennes / wheresoeuer they be Of Apios Apios Ernutte APios is called also Chamebalanos in Greke / in Theophrastus Ischas / and in Latin after the translation of Theodoro Carica and the same might be called in English an Ernut / or an Erth nut / hath the properties of Apios The earth nut groweth in manye places of England / and in the moste plentye that I haue sene in Northumberland Apios putteth furth two or thre braunches / which rise a litle from the ground / smale / rede / and like a rishe the leaues are like Rue / but some thinge longer / narrower / and yelowishe grene The sede is litle / the rote is lyke the roote of a white Affodill / and after the likenes of a Peare / but rounder and full of iuyce The barke without is blacke / the roote within is white The herbe whiche Matthiolus hath set out for Apios / might haue bene taken for the right Apios of all men / if he had proued that it had had a smale sede / and that the roote had purged vpward and dounwarde as Dioscorides writeth that the rote of Apios doth But whilse he doth nether of both / a man maye as well dout of his Apios / as he douteth of the Apios that Ruellius setteth out Amatus Lusitanus sayeth that Apios is called in Duche Erdtnuss But the herbe whiche is called in Duche Erdnuss / hath nether a lefe like Rue / but like a Ciche / nether a smalle sede / but a great sede in a cod like vnto a kinde of Fiche / nether doth it purge vpward and dounward / for men to eat them in Fraunce as Ruellius cited of Amatus writeth / and they are eaten also in Germany / but they onelye ingendre a lothsumnes / and stere to vomite as Tragus writeth / but they purge not / nether do anye other harme to the shepeherdes that eat them / wherfore it is playne that Amatus with Tragus and Fuchsius erreth / which taketh the herbe / called in Duche Erdnuss / to be Apion in Dioscoride The vertues THE vpper parte of the roote draweth out by vomiting choler and fleme / and the vnder parte draweth oute the same humores by the fundament The whole purgeth both the wayes The iuyce purgeth / taken in the quantite of xv graines The wordes of Dioscorides made me to doute / whether our Erthnutt were Apios or no / seynge that manye eat the hole root of Erthnut yea some tyme fyue or sixe / and yet nether go to stoole / nor vomite by the eating thereof whether Earthnut haue these foresayde properties in Grece or no / and not here I can not surely tell / but this profit shalt thou haue at the least by thys my coniecturing and setting furth of this herbe / that wyth lesse labour thou mayest knowe the true Apios / if thou chaunge to se it I woulde exhorte studentes to proue / if this Ernut of oures haue in anye other place of England / where as I haue not bene / haue the properties that Dioscorides gyueth vnto Apios or no. And if they can not find them / let theÌ„ learne of this Ernut in seking and iudging of herbes / not to iudge herbes onelye by the outwarde fashone / but also by the qualites and vertue For as the lykenes of a man alone in an ape or an image / maketh not them men / because they want the vertue poure and operation of a man So is not the figure or likenes that maketh an herbe / except it haue the strenght and operation of the herbe / whose likenes it beareth also Of Bawme BAwme is named in Greke Melissophillon or Meliphillon / in Latin Apiastrum or Citrage / in Duche Melisson or Hartzkraut / in the Frese tonge Confili / in FreÌ„che Melisse / the Potecaries call it Melissam Bawme is named in Greke Melissophillon / and in Latin Apiastrum / because Bees / which are called in Greke Melisse / and in Latin Apes / do greatly haunt this herbe / and are delited wyth it Right Bawm hath leaues and stalkes lyke vnto stinkinge Hore hound but they are greater and thinner / but not so rough They haue the smelle of a Cytrone of a Lymon Of Apiastrum The Propertye THE leaues dronken wyth wyne / are good agaynst the bitinges of Phalanges and Scorpiones / and agaynst the bytinge of a dogge / for the same

roughnes / whiche maketh them to cut the soner of the whiche propertye the Northen men call it Sheregres It hath a longe stalke / and thre square / and in the top of that is a sort of litle knoppes / in stede of sedes / and floures much lyke vnto oure gardine gallingal I haue not red anye vse of thys in Physicke The people of the Fenne countreys vse it in for fother / and do heate ouens with it Of Doder Cassuta DOder is called of some of the Grecianes Cassitas / of the later Latin men Cassutha It is calleth of the Potecaries and coÌ„mon Herbaries Cuscuta / and podagra liny the Duche men call it Filtzkraut / Doder and wrang / in FreÌ„ch it is named Goute de Line Doder groweth oute of herbes and small bushes / as Miscelto groweth oute of trees and nother of both growe oute of the grounde Doder is lyke a great red harpe strynge / and it windeth aboute herbes / folding muche aboute them / and hath floures and knoppes / one from another a good space / wherein is sede This herbe hath nother leaues / nor stalke / nether root in the grounde The herbes that I haue marked Doder to growe most in / are flaxe / and tares / and nettels We call in Englande Sauery / that hath Doder growynge on it / laced sauery and Tyme that hath thesame / laced tyme. The laces that go about Tyme / is Epithymum of Dioscorides / Galene / and other olde writers I haue sene it in Germany and in England in plenty Matthiolus semeth to iudge / that there is no mention made of Cassuta in Pliny / because he maketh his Cassutas to growe in Syria / and because he maketh it to winde about trees / when as oure Cassuta groweth out of Syry / and groweth not about treâ—s / but onlye vpon herbes and busshes / and because in all the Plinyes that he sawe it is written / not Cassitas but Caditas They that corrected Plinye / and red for Caditas Cassitas / did not wythoute a cause / for Serapio writinge of Cassuta / sayeth thus / as he is translated in Latin chasuth / id est / cassuta / est res que adheret herbis inuoluens eas sicut fila / sed in summitatibus habet fructum subtilem / ex ipsa crescit in arboribus That is cassuth / that is to saye / Cassuta is a thinge that cleueth to herbes / foldinge and winding about them like thredes / but in the toppes it hath a smal fruyte / and it groweth vpon trees Out of this place of Serapio / a man may gather that it ought to be red in Pliny Cassitas and not Caditas / and that Cassuta groweth not onelye about herbes / but also about trees It foloweth not / Cassitas groweth in Syria / therfore it groweth only in Syria as Matthiolus gathereth As litle doth his other argumeÌ„t folow / our Cassuta in these countres groweth only vpon herbes and busshes / therfore it groweth now here vpon trees / therefore it is not Cassitas of Plinye When as the Arabianes confesse in their writinges / that it groweth in there countres also about trees There is no cause therfore / but that we maye iudge that our Cuscuta is called in Pliny Cassitas / out of whiche worde when as y is pronunced after u gallicum / maye easelye growe cassutha The nature of Doder DOder openeth the stoppinge of the lyuer and milte It discharged the vaynes of flegmatyke and cholerike humors by the vrine It healeth the iaundes that commeth of the stoppinge of the lyuer It is good for childer that haue the ague But muche vse of it / hurteth the stomake / but that hurt is taken awaye by puttinge a litle Anis vnto it / with wormwood it purgeth a man of yelowe choler Of Chesnut tree CAstanea called Castonos in Greke / and of tome dios balanos / is named in Englishe Chesnut tree / in Duche Ein Kestenbaum / in Frenche Castaigney The fruyte of it is called of some Glans sardiana / that is a Sardian acorne Chesnut tree is a great tree / and hath leaues longe and indented lyke a Nettel / The huske of the fruyte is all roughe wythoute / and wythin it hath a broune skinne / and whyte meate wythin Chesnut trees growe plentuously in Kent abroade in the feldes / and in manye gardins in England Castanea The Vertues of Chestnuttes SImeon Sethi writeth that Chestnuttes are hote drye in the first degree / and nourishe the bodye much They are longe in goynge doune / and in digestinge and ingender grosse humors / and are full of winde / and stoppe the bellye / but if they be perched or dryed / they put away a great deale of the hurte that they wold haue done rawe Dioscorides sayeth that the broune skinne nexte vnto the meat / stoppeth mightely / and that the meat of Chestnuttes is a remedye agaynst the poyson of the herbe Ephemerum Of Nettell tree or Lote tree CEltis is named in Greke Lotos / it is called in Frenche / as Gesner sayth / Algsiez or Ledomier but howe that it is calleth in Englishe and in Duche / I can not tell for I neuer sawe it / nether in Germanye / nor in Englande / but I haue sene it in Italy It hath a lefe lyke a Nettel / therefore it maye be called in Englishe Nettel tree or Lote tree Lotus arbor siue Celtis Pliny writeth thus of Lotus Africa in that parte / where as it turneth towardes vs / bringeth furth an excellent tree called Lotus or Celtis / whiche also groweth muche in Italy It is of the bignes of a Pere tree Howbeit Cornelius Nepos maketh it a shorte tree / the leafe is indented much / ellis it might seme to be the leafe of Ilex The fruyte of thys is of the bygnes of a Bene / and of the color of Saffrone Before it is rype it hath manye diuerse coloures as grapes haue It groweth in Africa thycke as Myrtelles do / and not as Cheryes do in Italy It is so sweet meate / that it dyd gyue a name vnto the people there where it groweth They saye that the bellyes of them that eate that / shall fele no syknes it is better withoute the inward kyrnels / the which in a certaine other kinde semeth as hard as a stone There is also pressed oute of thys fruyt wyne lyke vnto honyed wyne the whiche / as it is sayde / can not endure lenger then ten dayes We haue red / sayth Pliny / that hole hostes of men in Africa haue ben fed with this same fruyte The wood hath a black colour / and is muche desyred of men for to make pypes / to make knyffe heftes / and suche other lyke thynges / of the rootes of it Dioscorides describeth an other kind of Lotus / which he sayth is of a wonderful bignes / and bringeth furth a bery

hath / nether what vertue it hath / nether what the Potecaries name it / nether the comon people Wherfore no man can learne of him how to find it againe / except a man wil go to the Phisiciane which sente him the herbe For the figure of an herbe maketh it not alone / but the qualities also that belonge thereto As with diuerse other learned Phisicianes / Matthiolus refuseth herbes hauing a conuenient figure / yet for lack of the vertues and qualitees that the herbe should haue with the figures / and will not suffer them to be taken for the herbes which other of lighter iudgemeÌ„t take theÌ„ to be only for the figure and fashions sake Wherfore I had leuer take Brooklime for Cepea / though it be not so like porceline as other be / because it is tried to heale scabbes as cepea of Dioscorides doth Amatus Lusitanus who taketh in hand to declare Dioscorides / beyng belyke more cunning in the Duche tonge / then in his oune / or ellis hauinge more helpe of the Duche writers / then of the Spanyards or Italians / giueth to Cepea nether any Spanish / nether Italian name / but a Duch name / and he calleth it in Duche wild purtzel But wild purtzel as Tragus a duch writer of herbes saith / differeth nothing from the gardin porcelain / but that it hath lesse leaues and floures / and rinneth and spedeth it selfe vpon the ground / when as the gardin porcelaine hath broader leaues groweth righter vp This wild purtzel did I finde thissame yeare in the montaines of Wissenburgh / a litle froÌ„ a vineyard / I am sure that it was a righte kind of porcelaine Then wheÌ„ as Cepea is not in Dioscorides a kind of porcellain / but is only lyke porcellaine / Amatus giueth a wronge Duch name to Cepea Wherefore let not the Duche men gyue any credit vnto him in this matter The same maketh Telephium wild porcellaine / the third kinde of sedi wilde porcellain / and Cepeam wild porcellaine It is maruel that he that hath bene in so manye landes / and professeth to teache so manye names / in so many tonges can finde for thre diuerse herbes all differing in name one from an other / but one name which is in Latin Portula syluestris / which is named in duch Wild purtzel And in his enarration of Cepea / which is the 165. he sheweth no more but that this herbe groweth chefely about the sandye sea shores / where as the wild purtzel of the duche men groweth not as Fuchsius and Tragus in their Herballes beare witnes Wherefore his enarration is contrary vnto his nominatioÌ„ / of very smal effect / as the moste parte of al his enarrations be The Vertues of Cepea THE leaues dronken in wine / help the strangulion / and them that haue scabbes in their bladder / and that doth it chefelye / if it be taken in wine wherein the rootes of wild sperage is sodden Of Chamecyparissus CHamecyparissus is supposed of some men to be the herbe that we call Lauender cotton / whose opinion thought it is not worthye to be condemned with checkes Yet I found an other herbe in the mountaines aboue Bonne / whiche beynge in all poyntes muche more lyke a Cypres tree then Lauender cotton is me thynke that it is rather Chamecyparissus / it maye be called in English Heth Cypres / because it groweth among Heth / or dwarfe cypres This herbe that I speake of / is litle more then a span longe / and hath leaues as ye shall se in the picture very lyke to a Cypres tree / and litle knoppes in the toppe lyke vnto a Cypres nut / but some thing longer for their quantite / The leaues are plaine astringent withoute anye heate at al. This herbe groweth in a Heth beyond Bon / in the syde of a mountaine / but I neuer sawe it anye where ellis / sauinge there in all my lyfe Tragus calleth this herbe sabinam syluestrem / and Matthiolus writinge vpon sabine / sayeth that some in Italy are deceyued in the knowledge of the right sabine / and take this herbe for it He sayth also that he hath iudged this herbe to be Silago in Pliny / whiche he maketh like vnto sabine Nowe when as Dioscorides sayth that sabine is lyke cypresse / and diuers take this herbe for a kinde of sabine / and is but of a small height / me thinke I iudge not amisse / that this is Chamecyparissus / namelye / when as it hath astriction besyde the figure / lyke vnto Cypressus Matthiolus graunteth that Lauander cotton is in Dioscorides Abrotonum femina / and intreating of the cypres tree / sayeth that it is also Chamecyparissus Plinye / whiche I thynke can not be true / seynge that Plinye nether intreatinge of Abrotonum / calleth anye kinde of it Chamecyparissum / nether wheras he speaketh of Chamecyparissus / sheweth that it is also called AbrotonuÌ„ / whiche maner he oft times kepeth / when one herbe hath many names Chamaecyparissus Chamaecyparissus Fuchsij The Vertues of Chamecyparissus THE herbe of Chamecyparissus / which maye be called ground Cypres or Heth cypres / dronken in wine / is good agaynst all poyson of all serpentes and scorpiones / other properties I finde in no autoure of this herbe / wherefore I dare not geue vnto it al the properties of the Cypres tree / as some men do / because it hath some qualitees lyke Cypres tree / hath the name of Cypres tree / and this worde Chame / which betokeneth by the grounde or lowe / for as Chamemelum hath the name of Chame and melon / and one qualite of an appel / that is to witte / the smelle / and yet hath not the nature of an appel And as chame daphne / which hath the name of chame and daphne / that is a lowe bay tree / and hath leaues lyke a bay tree / and yet hath not the vertues of a bay tree euen so it foloweth not / that because Chamecyparissus hath the name of chame cyparissus / whiche is a Cypres tree / and hath some qualitees of the cypres tree / that whatsoeuer properties the cypres tree hath / that chamecyparissus shall haue thesame / thys therfore haue I gyuen you warninge of / to rede all newe writers with iudgemente / and to trye their saynges before ye put them in practise Of Germander GErmander / whiche is also called in Cambridge shyre Englishe Triacle / is called in Greke Chamedris / in Latin / Trissago / in Duche Germanderlen / in French Gelimandre It is called of the Potecaries Chamedrios Germander groweth in rockes of Germanye / ouer agaynst Binge / besyde Erenfels / and in the mountaines of Wissenburgh In Englande I sawe it no where / sauinge onelye in gardines It is hote and drye in the thirde degre / it is a litle bushe / of a span hygh and more / and

hath litle leaues and bitter / in forme and indentinge of the leafe lyke vnto an Oke leafe The floure is litle / and almost a purple colour It is best tyme to gather it / when as it is full of floures / redye to bringe furth sede Chamaedrys vera ChÃ maedrys foemina Fuchsij Chamaedrys vulgare faemina Fuchsij Chamaedrys vulgare mas Fuchsij The Vertues of Germander GRene Germander sodden in water and dronken / is good for the cough / for the hardnes of the milte / and for the stoppinge of the water / and dropsyes that are in the beginning It prouoketh also womens sycknes to come doune / and the same dronken wyth vinegre / wasteth awaye the milte It is also a special remedye with wine both dronken / and also in maner of an emplaster agaynste the bytinges of serpentes It scoureth also olde sores with honye / the same layde on wyth oyle / driueth awaye the darcknes of the eyes It cutteth in sunder all grosse humours / and openeth all the inwarde partes The leaues of Germander / as Theophrastus writeth / broken and layd in oyle / are good for burstinges / and against woundes and consuminge sores The fruyte of Germander draweth oute choler The leaues also broken in oyle / are good for the whyte hawe / or the pearle in the eye Of Chameleuce CHameleuce / called also populago / Farfagium / and Farranum is not all one herbe in Dioscorides and Aetius / for Aetius semeth to make of Chameleuce and Bechion al one herbe / for he writinge remedies against the cough / geueth the same properties vnto Chameleuce / that Dioscorides geueth vnto Tussilago or Bechion / where as Galene Paulus write in two seueral places of Bechion Chameleuce / Aetius maketh no mention at all of Bechion / comprisinge or holding it also vnder the name of Chameleuce / as far as I can se Pliny also in hys tyme sayth / that ther was some that toke Chameleuce and Tussilago to be al one And in the names that were added vnto Dioscorides / Tussilago was called Chameleuce howbeit in Dioscorides they are two contrary and diuerse herbes for he writeth contrarye description of theÌ„ in two sundry chapters Chameleuce hath leaues bowynge inwarde / and hath certeine branches but Tussilago hath plaine and streight leaues / and wanteth al kinde of branches / for euery leafe commeth out by it selfe out of the root / and not of the stalke Dioscorides sayth that Chameleuce is a grene herbe with leaues bowyng inwarde / with certeine braunches / with a floure lyke a rose / wherevpon it foloweth / seyng that Tussilago hath whytishe leaues and streight / and no braunches / nether anye floure lyke a rose / that they can not both be of one herbe This herbe that I thynke most lyke of all other to be Chameleuce / vseth to grow commonly about watersydes and in watery medowes The proportion of the lesse is muche lyke vnto a water rose / otherwise called nenufar / but the leafe is sharper and many partes lesse / and there growe many leaues on one stalke / and in the top of the stalke is a yelow floure lyke vnto the Kingcup / called ranunculus but the leaues of the floures are thycker / and turne inwarde againe / in the maner of a knop or litle belle / so that they differ nothing to loke to from the floures of the second nenufar with the yelow floure / but that they are lesse / and turne a litle more inward as I do remember / but I am sure not much But there is one thinge / that wil not suffer this herbe / that I cal Lucken gollande / to be Galenis Chameleuce and that is / that this herbe is cold / when as Galene maketh his Chameleuce hote almost in the thyrde degre When as Matthiolus a man wel sene in Simples / and as some iudge best learned in them / of al other new writers / and borne in a countrey / which is very pleÌ„tuous and ful of al kindes of good herbes / which may haue comming to it out of Candy / Turky Alexandria / and out of Inde al kindes of herbes that growe not in Italy there and hath the helpe of very manye learned men in Simples as hys boke in many places doth witnes can not tell what herbe is Chameleuce in Dioscorides / it is no meruel that I a poore man without helpe / dwellinge in a bare and barbarous contrey in comparison of Italy / know it not He compleyneth of the shortnes of the description of this herbe in Dioscorides The description is shorte / but not so short as manye other be / for he sheweth thre markes / whereby he mighte haue knowen it / if he had sene it / that is the grennes of the leafe / the bowinge of the leaues inward / and the lykenes of the floure vnto a rose But if this description had bene so shorte as it is not so longe and large as nede were / it that wanted / might haue bene fulfylled by it that is written more largely of Plinye For Plinye in the 24. boke of his naturall history / and the 15. chapter / describeth Chameleucen thus Chameleuce with vs is called Farranum or Farfugium it groweth by water sydes with a leafe of a Popler tre / but greater And in the 26. boke and 6. chapter / he writeth thus of Chameleuce Bechion stilleth the cough / which is also called Tussilago There are two kindes of it / the leaues of the wilde are greater then Iuye leaues / fyue or seuen towarde the grounde whytish / aboue pale without stalke / floure and sede / and it hath a small roote Some reken that the herbe whiche is called with an other name Chameleuce / is Bechion Hetherto Plinye Now when as besyde the notes aboue marked in Dioscorides / Pliny hath put to these markes aboue rehersed / me thinke that Matthiolus hath no suche cause to compleine so much as he doth of the shorte description of Chameleuce The vertues of Chameleuce I can not find in Dioscorides any other properties that Chameleuce hath sauinge onelye that it is good for the ake of the loynes Of Chamepeuce CHamepeuce as Pliny writeth / hath leaues lyke vnto a larch tree / which is called in Latin Larix I can finde no mention of this herbe in any Autor / which hath written of herbes / sauinge onelye in Pliny / he describeth it no largelier then ye rede before Wherfore it is harde to tell which is the herbe which Pliny meaneth of Gesnerus rekeneth that the herbe whiche is called in Duche Berentopen / of other called pata vrsina / shuld be Chamepeuce the herbe that he supposeth to be chamepeuce / groweth in the top of the alpes / it is of a finger length and a halfe / bowinge somethinge doune / like a fether that standeth in ones cap and it is set about euery wher

kind of Cistus / called of some Ledon / which is a bushe / and groweth as the other Cistus doth / but it hath longer leues and blacker / which in the spring of the yere haue a certain fatnes The nature of the leues is astringent / is of as great strenght as Cistus is / of this is made gum / which is called ladanuÌ„ for when as the gotes gote buckes eat the leaues of Cistus / they gather manifestly the fatnes with their beardes / and carye awaye with their clammenes it that cleueth vpon their heary and rough fete The whiche the inhabiters of the countre combe of / and streyne it / and make it in lumpes together / and so laye it vp / other pul ropes thorowe the bushes / and with them take of the clammines / and make Ladanum of it It is moste commendable that sanoreth well / and is somthinge grene / and is soune softe and fat / not full of sande / or euell fauored / and full of Rosin as it of Cyprus is It that commeth out of Arabia and Lybia / is viler then the other be The Nature of Ladanum LAdanum as Dioscorides sayth / hath the propertie to bind together / to warme / to make softe and to open the mouthes of the veynes Put myrre and myrtell oyle and wine vnto Ladanum / and it will holde still the heyre that goeth of Wyth wyne layd vpon scarres of woundes or sores / maketh them loke better fauored Ladanum poured into the eare with honyed water or rose oyle / healeth paine of the eares / and thesame in a fumigation / draweth doune the secondes Ladan put into the mother in a pessarye / or in a long fashion of a suppository / healeth the hardnes of the mother It is good to be put into medicines for the cough and in softeninge emplasters Ladan dronken with olde wyne / stoppeth the bellye / and prouoketh vrine Ladanum is full hote in the firste degre / as Galene sayth and reacheth nere vnto the seconde Of Perwincle / or Perywincle CLematis is so named of Dioscorides without anye addition / of other it is called Clematis Egyptia / because it groweth plentuouslye there It is called of Plinye in some places Daphnoides / in other Chamcedaphne / in other Vinca peruinca It is called in Englishe Perwincle / or Periwincle / in Duche Ingrien / and in Frenche Dulisseron Clematis is named in English Perwincle / and it groweth in fatt and well bearinge groundes / It hath litle braunches of the bignes of a rishe The figure and colour of the leaues / are lyke vnto a Laurell or Bay leafe / but they are lesse a great deale Thus doth Dioscorides describe Clematis It hath prety blewe floures / and the herbe crepeth vpon the grounde very thicke / one braunche wouen about an other Clematis Perwincle The properties of Perwincle THE leaues and stalkes of Perwincle dronken with wine / stoppe both the bloodye and other flixe / with milke and rose oyle or priuet oyle / thesame put into a pessary / or mother suppositorye / relese the payne of the mother Perwincle chewed / staunched the tuth ache Thesame is medicinable to be layd vpon the places that are bitten of serpentes Perwincle groweth wild in many places of Germany / and it groweth plentuouslye in Englande in gardines / and wild also in the West countre Of Clematitis CLematitis putteth furth a long branche / somthing rede / and tough / the leafe is bitinge in taste / and maketh blisteres / it crepeth vpon trees as Smilax doth I neuer sawe this plant / nether in Germany nor in England / wherfore I know nether the English nor the Duch name of thys herb / but it may be called in English Bush perwincle / or byting perwincle I sawe this in a gardin in Ferraria / it had leaues not vnlike vnto the leaues of Clematis daphnoides But they were Clematis altera longer and sharper at the ende / and very lyke vnto the smal leaues of the byting vynde / called in Latin of som Vitis syluestris Ruellius ioyneth in hys translation of Dioscorides Clematis and Clematitis together / and setteth them in one chapter / when as my Dioscorides in Greke describeth Clematis in the beginninge of the fourth boke / and Clematitis in the ende of thesame boke Which thinge Galene maketh mention of in the booke of Simple medicines / where as he checketh Pamphilus the Herbary / for confundinge these two herbes together / whose nature were diuerse Furthermore seynge that the names are also diuerse / and the herbes are described in diuerse places / it shoulde not belonge vnto a translator to make of Clematitis Clematis / and to take an herbe out of the place / where as Dioscorides hath set it / bring it by force into an other place where it should not stande / if he foloweth hys Greke exeample / that led him to that whiche he dyd / he is excusable but if he dyd it of his owne head / he is worthy blame / and not to be folowed Matthiolus hath now in hys Latin commentaries vpon Dioscorides / marked the same thinge that I noted longe before I sawe his commentaries But he maketh another herbe then I do to be Clematitida / for he maketh the wind with the douny thinge in the top about the sede / to be Clematitida / If the plant that I set furth / crepe vpon hedges and trees / as the other of Matthiolus doth / doutles it is more to be taken for Clematitidis then the other is / but I dare not holde that it doth crepe vpon bushes / like as Smilax doth / for I neuer sawe it / but at one tyme in one place But as far as I remember it did crepe vpon other bushes / as Smilax doth Thys am I sure / that when I compared the leaues of my braunches that I brought from Ferraria with the hory vinde / I found no difference betwene them at al / sauing that myne had hoote leaues withoute anye cuttinge / and the other was indented about the edges The Nature of Clematitis THE sede of Clematitis broken / and dronken in honied water / dryueth furth thynne fleme and choler The leues layd to lepres / scoure them awaye Some vse to condite thys herbe wyth Dittany to eat it Galene sayth that thys herbe is hote in the beginninge of the fourth degre Of Clinopodium / called Horse Tyme Clinopodium CLinopodion called of the Latines Clinopodium / maye be called in Englishe Horse tyme / because it is lyke vnto wilde tyme / but a great deale greater Clinopodion is thus described of Dioscorides / Clinopodium is a litle bushe full of twigges / hauinge the lenght of two spannes / it groweth in stones it hath leaues lyke vnto wilde Tyme / and floures representinge a Bedfoote / and one standinge from an other / certayne spaces goynge betwene / as we se in Horehounde Pliny describeth

banke / the lesse groweth much in Germany by the Ryne / it may be called in English Conise the lesse of them hath the better sauour But the greater is more bushy hath broader leaues both their leues are like vnto an oliue tre rough and far / the greater hath a stalke two cubites long / and the lesse but one foote longe / the floure is brittel / and in colour yellowe or redish / whiche is consumed at length into a down the rootes are nothing worth Coniza parua The Properties of Coniza THE hole herbe ether strowed vpon the grounde / or in a perfume with the smoke of it / dryueth awaye serpentes and gnattes and kylle flees The leaues are good to be layde vpon the bytinges of serpentes / and vpon swellinge lumpes and woundes Men vse to take the leaues and the ffoures / and to gyue them in wyne to be dronken for to dryue doune weomens sycknes / and the birth also if nede be They are also good agaynst the strangulione / and the iaundies / and againste the gnawinge of the bellye Thesame also dronken wyth vinegre / is good agaynst the fallinge sicknes If the herbe be sodden / and weomen sitt in the water that it is sodden in / it is good for the diseases of the mother / if it be sodden in oyle and so layd vnto It is good for them that shake for colde the smalle one layd vnto the heade / is good for the head ake Coniza is both hote and drye in the thyrde degre Of Berefoote Consiligo Consiligo syluestris BErefoote is called in Latine both of Plinye and Columella Consiligo / the Duche men call it Christwurte / the Frenche men call it Pate de Lione Some abused this herbe for Branke vrsine / and some haue taken it for black Hellebore / but it is nether of both / for Branke vrsine hath far other maner of leaues then Berefoote hath But the lykenes of names in signification hath deceyued them that toke Berefoote for Branke vrsine There hath some ben of the learned sorte / whom I haue folowed in opinion my selfe for a tyme / whiche haue taken Berefoote for black Hellebor When I was in Ferraria / the best learned that I coulde mete withall / taught me that the kinde of Berefoote / that dyeth euery yeare wyth the yellower and broader leafe / was black Hellebor / and that the smaller was Helleborine Howbeit by the communication that I had with a certaine wyse Germanye / yet vnlearned in the Latin tongue / and by more diligent examininge of the herbe with the description of Dioscorides / I perceyued that nether of both those kindes of Berefoote was Helleborus niger / but Consiligo Fuchsius also called both these kindes / false black Hellebor But one Riffius not content with Fuchsius / holdeth that oure comon Berefote shoulde be the true black Helleborus / but because diuerse set much by his iudgement / I wil examine his iudgement with Dioscorides Hellebor the black in Dioscorides hath grene leaues lyke vnto the leues of a playn tree / but lesse drawinge nere vnto the lykenes of Cow persnepe called sphodilion but more diuided and blacker / somthing rough and sharpe The stalke is also rough and sharpe / the floures are whyte purple But oure comon Berefote hath leues not lyke vnto a Plain tree or to sphondylium / but lyke vnto hempe or true Agnus castus of Italy / wherefore our comon berefote can not be helleborus niger The Germane of whom I made mention of before / when he perceiued that I was desirous to knowe herbes the natures of the same / asked me whether I knew an herb called in their tonge Christwurtz or no. I sayd ye But know you saith he / al the properties that it hath I shewed him of certain properties that it had Well saith he I knowe more properties that it hath besyde this / so he tolde me that a pece of the roote of this herbe which they cal Christes wurtz / and we berefote / put in after a botken into a beastes eare a round circle made aboute the hole / heleth the beast of any inward disease / whose saynge made me cal to remembraunce it that I had reade in Pliny and Columella of Consiligo / so after that / I had rede it that Pliny and Columella had written of Consiligo / had some conference with lerned men / touchinge this herbe / thought that it should be no more Helleborus niger but consiligo this also did confirme my opinion / that when I came into Englande / that I dyd heare the diuerse housband men with whom I spake / vsed to put the roote of berefote into beastes eares / called the putting in of it / sytering of beastes / and in some place called the herbe syterwurte Matthiolus writinge vpon Helleborum in his commentaries vpon Dioscorides / striueth stoutli against all men that hold that our comon berefote / which the Potecaries vse for Helleboro nigro / is not the true Helleborus niger / but that it is consiligo / he also holdeth / that ij other herbes wher of the one is called in Duche LeuÃŸkraut / and the other which I haue not sene in Duche land / are also right kindes of Hellebori nigri He answereth to theÌ„ that say that the comon hellebor is not the right hellebor of Dioscorides thus They vse no other reason but this I thinke / because Columella and Plinye haue written / that consiligo put into a beastes eare / healeth it / and the hirdes of this time haue marked no other thinge that wil do the same / sauing the comon hellebor / wherevpon they gather that it is consiligo But in my minde they are far deceiued / for Absyrtus and Hierocles hold / that Hellebor the black will do the same Plyny also teacheth thesame lib. 25. cap. 5. Surely it were verye folishnes to saye / that Sauin were Calamint / or Calamint were Sauin / because they both bring doune a womans floures as nature were so niggishe sparing that she had made but one remedy for euery kinde of disease Nether haue I rede in any autour that I haue sene any description of consiligo / nether any marke / wherby it might be knowen Therefore I can not se howe that the comonly vsed Hellebor / should be coÌ„siligo To answere Matthiolus / I thinke that he iudgeth wronge of them that hold that the comon Hellebor is consiligo For I haue rede no man as yet that was lede into that opinion / by the only relation of hirdes or cowleches / for al the lerned men that I could ether speke with / ether rede which held that the comon hellebor was consiligo first thought that the description of Helleborus the black in Dioscorides did not agre vnto the comon black hellebor / and therefore seynge that it had the propertye and vertue which belonge vnto

leafe are not deuided awaye from the portion of the leafe / out of the which they come / if the leaues of the common Hellebore leaues had bene ioyned / as I haue aboue rehersed in the bottom / to one portion of the leafe / lyke as it were the palme of an hande / then I would haue sayd that they had bene lyke to the leaues of the Plaine tree and of Sphondylij But seynge they are not / I conclude that they are nether lyke vnto the Plain tree leues / nor to the leaues of Sphondilij / and therefore that the common black Hellebor is not the black Hellebore of Dioscorides Then when as the common Hellebor hath the vertues of Consiligo / and no other herbe is knowen to haue the lyke / sauinge true Helleborus / and Helleborus is not Consiligo / and this common Hellebor is not Helleborus niger / it is no vayne gatheringe / that this herbe commonly called Helleborus niger / is Consiligo The nature of Consiligo after Columella WE knowe sayth Columella a present remedy of the rote / which the shepeherdes cal consiligo / that groweth in greate plentye in Mersis mountaines / and it is very holesome for all cattel They say it should be vsed thus / The brodest parte of the ear must haue a rounde circle made aboute it with the blood that rinneth furth with a brasen botken / and the same circle must be round lyke vnto the letter O / and when this is done without / and in the higher part of the eare / the halfe of the forsaid circle is to be bored thorowe with the forsaid botken / and the roote of the herbe is to be put in at the hole / which when the newe wounde hath receyued / holdeth it so fast that it wil not let it go furth then all the mighte and pestilent poison of the disease is broughte so into the eare And whilse the part which is circled aboute / dyeth and falleth awaye / the hole beast is saued with the lose of a verye smal parte The nature of Consiligo out of Pliny THE roote of the herbe called Consiligo whiche we sayde was found but of late / hath his propertie to hele the disease of the longes of al beastes / only put thorow the beastes ear / it ought to be dronken with water / to be holden continually vnderneth the tonge We can not tel as yet whether that the ouer partes of the herbe be profitable for any thing or no. Fuchsius writeth that Christwurt which we cal Berfote purgeth the belly of fleme and choler / that it is good for the falling sicknes / for melancolike persones / or mad folke for the payn in the ioyntes and the palsey / if it be put in a suppository to the conuenient place / it bringeth doune weomens sycknes The wilde kind killeth lyfe / and not onely lyfe but also shepe and other beastes / if they do eate it wherfore men had nede to take hede how that they take it Of Withwinde or Bindwede COnuoluulus is a kinde of helxine cisampelos / is called of the Herbaries volubilis / in English Withwinde or Bindwede / in Duche WindeÌ„ / in French Lizet / Lizeron / or Campanet Helxine hath leaues lyke vnto Iuy / but lesse small twigges / wherwith it claspeth aboute whatsoeuer stronge thinge it doth tuche Pliny describeth conuoluulus thus There is a floure not vnlyke vnto a lylye in the herbe / whiche is called Conuoluulus it groweth among shrubbes and busshes / and hath no sauour nether anye litle chyues lyke Saffrone as a lyly hath / only representinge a lily in whytenes / and it is as it were an vnperfit worke of nature / learninge to make lilies Conuoluulus Mesue describeth diuerse kindes of Conuoluulus / one kind sayth he is great and hath milke in it / and it is called funis arborum / with a whyte floure like vnto a belle The seconde kinde is a litle one / and hath both a lesse floures leaues then the other / and it crepeth vpon the grounde / and the braunches of other herbes The thyrde kinde is also ful of milke / and hath leues somthinge whyt horye / vnmeasurably hoote / it cutteth and pulleth of the skinne / and in purgationes bringeth out blood / wherefore as a venemous thinge it is to be auoyded his fourth kinde is hoppes The fifte kinde hath a roote lyke Britonye or rather greater / as bigge as a great gourde / hys stalke is two cubites longe / the leaues are narrowe and litle / and hath the forme of an arowe with fetheres on it The Properties of Bindweed THE iuyce of Weedbinde purgeth the bellye Mesue geueth foure vnces of the broth of the fyrst Weedbinde / and a hole pounde of the infuse of the same in whaye Of Coriandre Coriander COriandrum or Corianum is called in Greke Corion and Corianon / in Englishe Colander or Coriandre / in Duche Koriander / in French Coriandre Coriander hath leues lyke the first kinde of Crowfoote / and vnto herbe Robart with the smal leaues / groweth in the woddes / vnto the third kind of Daucus / and to the right Venus heyre / called Adianton The leues beneth are some thinge bigge lyke vnto Venus heire / and those aboue are very small lyke vnto Fumitorye the leaues are wonderfully stinkinge when they are grene the stalke is a cubit and a halfe of height / full of litle braunches / the floures are whyte / and the sede is round bare / and wheÌ„ it is drye / it is of a good sauour a good taste The vertues of Coriandre oute of Galene COrianon or Corion / or howsoeuer ye will call it / the older Grecians call it Corianon / that newer Physicians call Corion / euen as Dioscorides doth / which sayth that the herbe hath a cooling nature / but there he missed / for it is made of contrary powers / hauing most of bitter substance / whiche we declare to be of subtile partes / and of an earthly nature / nether hath it a litle of a waterye moyster / which is of a warme power and vnto this is ioyned a litle astriction or bindinge together oute of al the properties it worketh diuerselye all those thinges / that Dioscorides writeth of / but not by no cooling vertue that it hath Dioscorides writeth that Coriandre laid to with bread or barly mele / is good for saint Antonies fyre / for sores the sprede sore abrod / it healeth also sores that arise on the night that haue bloody mater in them / the inflammacions of the stones carbuncles / with honye and rasynes It dryueth away with beanes brokeÌ„ / hard swellinges / kernels and wennes The sede driueth furth the wormes of the guttes / dronken with maluesey It increaseth the sede but if it be taken oute of measure / it doth trouble a mannes witt / with greate ieopardye of

and herba Centuncularis It maye be called in English Downewede / because the leafe brokeÌ„ / is lyke Downe or cotton The vertues of Cottenweede IT is good to be geueÌ„ in tarte and bindynge wyne / to them that haue the blodye flixe / or other commen flixe / and it is good to stoppe the bloddy issue that weomen vse some tymes to haue It is good to be put into the fundament agaynste the disease which prouoketh a man oftentymes to go to the stole / and when he commeth ther / can do nothinge It is also good to be layd vpon olde rotten sores I thinke that the herbe which is called in Englande Cartifilago / is a certayne kynde of the same herbe / for theyr properties are lyke / their figures are not muche vnlyke Of Sea tryfoly GLaux / otherwyse called Engalacton / because it maketh good plentye of mylke in those weomen that take it / groweth by the seasyde / and in the leaues it is lyke to the tree tryfolye / called in Latin Cytisus / and to lentylles / whiche leaues in the ouer part are grene / and in the nether part white There commeth fourth from the grounde fiue or six small braunches a spanne high / and they come out of the earth from the rote the floures are purple and lyke vnto a kynde of stoke gelauore floures / but they are lesser I neuer sawe it in Englande / sauinge onlye in maister Falkonners boke / and that had he browght out of Italy / except my memory do fayle me / I sawe it Glaux Sea trifoly ones in Flaunders by the sea syde about thre myles beyonde Dunkyrke / ther is an herbe in Englande / which some call Fenum grecum syluestre / whiche aunswereth in many thinges vnto the description of Glaux in Dioscorides / howbeit I thinke it is not the trew Glaux that Dioscorides wrote of The vertues of Sea trifoly called Glaux THis herbe sodden with Barly meale / salt oyle in a suppinge / is good to bringe milke agayne to them that haue lost the plenty of it Of Lycores GLycyrrhiza in Greke / is called in Latin Radix dulcis in Englishe Lycores / in Duche SueÃŸ holtz / or licoris / or clarish / in Frenche Erculisse / or Rigolisse It groweth in the rockes of Germanye / wythout any settinge or sowinge I neuer saw it growe in England / sauynge onely in gardens Licores groweth very thicke and busshy / and hath braunches rysinge two cubittes highe / the leaues are lyke vnto Mastycke tree leaues / thicke and fatt / and full of gombe / when they are touched The floure is Radix dulcis Licores lyke vnto the floure of Hyacinthus / the frute is of the bignes of the pilles of the playne tree / but rowgher / and it hath lytle rede coddes lyke vnto Lentylles The rotes are longe as Gentians be / of the color of boxe / a lytle tart swete The vertues of Lycores THe iuice of Lycores is good for the harishenes or rowghnes of the throte / but it must be holden vnder a mans tonge / vntill it be moulten / it is good for the heate of the stomacke / brest / and liuer / dryncke it wyth maluesy / and it will heale the scabbes of the bladder / and the payne of the kidnes / the same moulten quencheth thyrst / it is good to heale woundes / if it be layde to / it healeth the mouth if it be chowed in it / the brothe of the grene roote is good for the same purposes / the pouder of it is good to cast vpon anguayles Of Cotton COtton is called in Greke Xylon / in Latin Gossipium / in Duch Baumwoll / in Frenche du Cotton in barbarus Latin Cottonum / and bombax bombacium / and cottum Cotton is a small busshy herbe wyth a lefe lyke a vinde / but lesse / It hath yelowe Gossipium Cotten floures / whiche are some thinge purple in the myddes / the fruite is lyke a felberde / all full of Downe I neuer sawe it / sauinge onelye in the vniuersite of Bonony It groweth as I rede in good autours in great plenty in Egypt / in Candi / in Appulia / and in the yland Maltha The vertues of herbe Cotton THe iuice of Cotton leaues / is good for the lax of yonge chyldren / and for the gnawynge / or as some call it the grindinge of the belly The sede is good for the cough and the diseases of the brest The oyle that is made of the sede of cotton / is good to take awaye frekelles and spottes out of the face The sede also vsed in meate as the Phisicianes of Arabi do testifye / multiplieth and increaseth the sede of man Of Grasse GRasse is named in Greke Agrostis / in Latin Gramen / in Duche grasse / in Frenche Deut de chien Grasse crepeth with lyke braunches / they come from swete rootes / of full ioyntes / the leaues are harde / as the lytle riedes leaues are / also brode / but they are sharpe towarde the ende The leaues of grasse fede as Dioscorides sayth / both horse oxen / and all suche lyke beastes as are called in Latin boues and iumenta Then when as the herbe that we call in Englishe stychewort / groweth only in hedge sides in woddes and shadowy places / that very thin / so that xl acres of the wodde or of any other places wher as it groweth / most plentuouslye wolde not fede one powre calffe iiij dayes I can not thinke / that stichewort is the grasse that Dioscorides speaketh of He presupposeth it to be in suche plenty / that it were able to fede great nombers of beast and cattell in a smal space of grounde The vertues of the right Grasse THe roote of the right Grasse brused and layde to / byndeth woundes together an closeth them vppe / the broth of grasse dronken / healeth gnawinges in the belly / prouoketh vrine and breaketh the stony matter of the bladder Of Scorpiones tayle HEliotropium the greater hath a flower lyke the Scorpiones tayle / by reason wherof he is called scorpiuros / that is to saye / scorpiones tayle / and because it turneth the leaues about wyth the sonne / it is called Heliotropion / that is / turned wyth the sonne / or sonne flower It hath leaues lyke vnto basill / but rowgher and whyter / greater There come thre braunches out of one roote / some tymes foure / some tymes fyue / it hath a white flower in the toppe / or some thinge redishe that turneth in agayne lyke a scorpiones tayle The roote is small and good for nothinge it groweth in rowghe places I neuer sawe it growynge in Englande / nether in Germany / sauing only in my garden in Collen / in my gardeÌ„ at Wellis in Englande in Italy I haue sene it in greate plenty in the feldes about Bonony / they are far

cresses / because they grow alwayes about the bankes of ryuers / to be the right Irio But let vs first se the description of Dioscorides / then we shall be able to iudge whose herbe agreeth best vnto the description of Dioscorides The description of Irio Irion IRio groweth beside cyties and amongest olde rubbishe and remnaÌ„tes of olde walles and in gardines / it hath leaues lyke wilde rocket / the stalkes are after the maner of a bay tre / bowinge towgh / it hath a yealow flowre it hath small coddes / in the toppe horned after the maner of fenegreke / it hath a small sede lyke vnto gardin cresses / it hath a burninge tast The herbe that Ruellius taketh for Irione / draweth nerest of all other vnto the description of Dioscorides / sauinge that the coddes are not horned very lyke vnto the coddes of Fenegreke It that Fuchsius setteth furth / doth metely well agre sauinge that the twigges are not so tough and bowinge as Dioscorides describeth his Iriones stalkes to be It that Gerardus taketh for Irione / agreeth also well wyth the description / sauinge that it groweth not in places about cyties in wast places wher howses haue bene / but only of his owne nature about water sides All theyr iij. Iriones do so well agre in vertues wyth Irion Dioscoridis / that a man may vse any of them for it of Dioscorides I saw ones in Germany about Andernake an herbe in my iudgement in all pointes / agreinge wyth the description of Dioscorides but because I lost the stalke that I gathered / coulde learne no Duche name of it / I coulde not set furth the figure of it here at this time The herbe that Matthiolus setteth furth for Irio / hath not hornes like fenegreke / wherefore nether can not it be the ryght Irio The vertues of Irio IRio is good against the flowinges or issues / that fall out of the heade in to longes / and against that disease / when as men coughe out foule mater / it is good for the iaundes and for the sciatica / it is good to be taken in honye against poyson / it is good to be layde to wyth water or hony vnto blinde cankers / swellinges behinde the eares / hardnes of the papes / and the inflammation of the stones / generally it maketh fine and heateth Of flour Delyce or flour Deluce Iris. IRis is knoweÌ„ both of the Grecianes Latines by that name / it is called in Duche blaw Lilien / and blaw Gilgen / in Frenche dula glaien / and de la flambe / in Englishe flour de lyce or flour de luce / the poticaries and barbarus wryters call it Irios in the genetiue case The description of Irios IRis hath his name of the likenes that it hath of the rayn bow / for Iris is called the raynbow It hath leaues like vnto the herbe called Gladiolus / that is to saye / the gladdon or swerdlynge / but greater / broder / and fatter Floures of diuerse colores stand in like space one from an other / and come out of the stalke / for the floures are sene whyte / pale / yealow / purple / or blew / by the diuersite of the whiche colores it resembleth a raynbow The rootes run in the grounde full of iointes / harde well smellinge / whyche are cut in litle shiues or cakes / and are dried in the shadow / and then are put vpon a threde / so kept The best floure de Lyce or Aris in Slauonia or in Macedonia / ther that is best / that is the leste / that we may call the dwarf flour de luce / and comenly hath a thicke roote / hard to breake of a some thinge rede color / of a bitter tast / and of a ryght pleasant sauore / so that it smelleth nothinge of mouldnes / the same whilse it is in stampinge or beatinge / it maketh the beters neese The next prayse is to be geuen to the Iris or flour de lyce of Barbaria / whiche is some thinge white bitter in tast The rootes when they are olde vse to be worme eateÌ„ / and then vse they to smell best The floure de lice that groweth here in Englande although it be not so good as it that groweth in Illyrico / in Slauonia / and Macedonia / and in Barbaria / because this oure countree is colder and moystier then the other countries be / in the whiche the flour de luce is singularly good yet Aris is not to be despiced for it hath many good and excellent qualites I haue sene a litle flour delice growyng wylde in Dorsetshyre / but hole cartes full in Germany besyde Wormis in the middowes not far from the Rhene The vertues of Aris or flour de Lyce ALl kyndes of floure delice haue the propertie to heate / and to make subtill Iris is good for the coughe It maketh ripe grosse humors whiche are harde to be cast or auoyded outwarde / vij drammes of Aris pouder dronkeÌ„ wyth mede / purge color gross fleme It prouoketh slepe / and bringeth out teares / it is good for the gnawinges in the belly The same dronken wyth vinegre is good against the strikinge of serpentes / for them that haue the disease of the milt / for the crampe / for them that haue takeÌ„ a thorow colde / for quiueringe or shakinge / and for them that suffer the issue of sede If Aris be dronken with wine / it bringeth downe weomen their siknes The broth of Ireos is good for to bathe a womans mother wyth / to soften it / and to louse the breth holes of the veynes of it It is good to be poured into a clister for the sciatica It filleth vp fistulaes and holow corners with fleshe The roote of flour delice dressed wyth hony / and made after the maner of a suppository / and put in the conuenient place / helpe to downe furth the birth in tyme of labor Also the rootes layde to soften harde wennes and harde lumpes The dry pouder filleth sores / and with hony it scowreth them It filleth the naked bones wyth a flesshy body It is very good to be layde vnto the heade / for the head ache wyth vinegre and rose oyle If it be layde to wyth white hellebor and ij partes of hony / it will scour out frekles / spottes and suche other foulenes in the face / that come by son burninge Matthiolus redeth ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ / where as my Greke Dioscorides hath ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ My text meaneth that the floures grow vpon the stalke But hys word ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ / as he expoundeth it / will the the floures shall only grow in the ouermost parte of euery stalk whiche interpretation / semeth to me contrary vnto the mynde of Dioscorides and to our dayly experience / and to hys owne figures whiche he setteth furth Caulis that

of the milt and lyuer Of the pulse called Lupines LVpinus is named in Greke thermos / in Duche feigbon / in FreÌ„che lupin / and so may it be called in Englishe / or if a man will folow the Duche / he may call it a fyg bene Lupine hath one loÌ„g stalke / and a lefe with v. or seuen iaggers / which altogether / when as they are growen out / haue the lykenes of a ruel of a spor / or of a sterr The floure is whyte / in whose place / when it is gone / commeth after a long cod / wherin are v. or seuen sedes in color whyte and without / somtyme a litle redishe / in fasshon flat lyke a cake it hath a shord roote in color redishe The leues of lupines turne with the son / as Pliny wryteth and experience teached The vertues of Lupines THe mele of lupines / licked vp with hony / or if it be taken with drinke / dryueth wormes out of the belly The lupines selues steped / and eateÌ„ with theyr bitternes / are good for the same purpose The broth Lupini albi of them hath lyke vertue / dronken with rue and pepper / and so is it good for theÌ„ that haue the disease of the milt With the same it is good to bathe and washe wild sores / gangrenes / and the scab / when it beginneth first to come burstinges of it of wheles / rynnyng sores of the hede / frekles and spottes Lupines put into the body after the maner of a suppositori / with hony and myrr / all beyng wrapped in woll / draweth both down weomens floures / and also hyr burden that she goeth with if it be rype The flour or mele of lupines with lynt sede / amendeth the skinne and blew markes with perched barley water it swageth inflaÌ„mationes / and burnynges It easeth swellynges / and it is good for the sciatica layd on with vinegre If it be layd to with vinegre where in it is sodden / it heleth wennes and bursteth carbuncles Lupines sodden in rayn water / vntill they wexe towgh into a thick broth / scour and make clene the face Lupines are also good for the scabbor maugenes of cattell with the roote of black chameleon / so that they be wasshed with the warm broth that they are sodden in The rootes sodden in water / prouoke or stir a man to make water Lupines broken / after that by stepyng they wex swete / if they be dronken in vinegre take away the lothsomnes of the stomake and ingendreth an appetit an lust to eat The smoke of lupines burned / dryue gnattes and mydges away as Pliny wryteth Of Lysimachia LYsimachia putteth furth stalkes of the lenght of a cubit or som tyme longer / busshy / small / the leues com out at the knees or knottes / or ioyntes of the herbe They are thinne in fasshoÌ„ lyke wylow leues in taste byndyng The flour is darck rede or of the color of golde It groweth in watery in marrishe fennish groundes Thys is a very comen herbe in Germany England I meruell that Matthiolus could not fynd it in Italy vntil it was sent hym from Rome by Vincent CaÌ„ton to Goritia But all though it be fouÌ„d in mani places of EnglaÌ„d / yet Lysimachiae purpureae primum genus Lysimachia luthea Lysimachia III. I coulde neuer learne any Englishe name of it It may be well called after the etimologi of the worde / and also of the vertue that it hath lous strife / or it may be called herbe willow The Duche men call it weyderich The vertues of Lousstrife THe iuice of the leues / by ther byndyng poure stoppeth the castyng out of blood It is ether to be poured in / or to be taken inward for the blody flyx If it be put in a mother suppository / it will stop the excessiue rynnyng or isshue of the mother If ye stop your nose with thys herbe / it will stop the rynnyng out of blood of it It stayeth also the excessiue rynnyng out of blood out of woundes It dryueth away serpentes and killeth flies with hys smoke / for it is wonders sharpe in smell There is an other Lysimachia besyd it that I haue spoken of with a redish purple floure / that groweth much about water sydes with an heade like an eare But I red of no other properti that it shoulde haue then it which hath the yelow or golden floures Of the Mallow or Maw MAlua is named in Greke Malachi / in English a Mallow / in Duch pappel / in Frenche maulue Ther are two kyndes of Mallowes / the one is the gardin mallow / and the other is the wilde mallow And eche of these as Pliny writeth / is diuided into diuerse kindes Of those mallowes that are soweÌ„ / the Grecianes call the greater / malopen Me thynck that the other is called malache / because it softeneth the belly Amonges the wilde mallowes it that hath the greate lefe and the whyte rote / is called althea / and of the excellent workyng that it hath / it is called of som Aristalthea The former kynde is now called in Englishe / frenche mallow it may be called tre mallow of the great bygnes that it groweth to And it that is called Malache of the Grecianes / and is after Pliny the Malua hortensis Malua syluestris pumila Malua syluestris lesse kinde of gardin mallowes / is called in Englishe holy ok / in Duche Winter rosen The former kinde of wild mallow / which as Pliny sayeth / is called Althea Aristalthea / is also called of the Latin writers Hibiscus / in Englishe marsh mallow / or marrish mallow / in Duche Ibishe of Galene Anadendron / of Aetius DeÌ„dromalache of the apothecaries maluabis malua and maluaniscus The other kynde of wilde mallow is it that groweth wilde about townes and hygh wayes / and is commenly called in Englishe a mallow Theophrast in the nynthe booke de historia plantarum writeth that certayn thynges by dressyng and trymmyng departe froÌ„ theyr kynde and olde nature / as the mallow doth / sayeth he / whiche when as it is by nature but an herbe / yet groweth vp into the greatenes of a tre He sayeth that the gardin mallow within six or seueÌ„ monethes groweth so highe / that the stalck of it will serue for a laÌ„ce staff / and that therfore diuerse vse the stalkes of mallowes for staues The leues of mallowes are knowen of all men to be round the sede is in a litle round forme lyke a chese / som mallow floures are rede / som blew / som whyte / and if they had the lyke smell in beauty / myght well be compared with the rose floures The roote is very long and depe in the ground and somthyng shymy The vertues of mallowe or mawes THe gardin mallow is better to be eaten / then the wylde mallow is Yet is it ill for the

allother herbes froÌ„ it If it be trymmed thus / it may wel be cut down six tymes in the yere / and it will increase for the space of ten yeres And thus far haue I writen to you the myndes and experieÌ„ce of old autores that they haue had of medic fother or horned clauer Now it that I haue proued my selfe / I will not refuse to shew vnto you my countremen I haue sowen iij. kyndes of medic fother / the leste kynde / the grete smoth kynde / and the great rough kinde The lest kind do I alow leste of all other / because the leues and stalkes are al very litle / and therfore in fedyng of cattel can do but litle seruice The grete smoth kynde as I haue proued / groweth into a meruelus greate bushe As for the greate roughe kynde / how greate it will be / I haue not as yet proued / for I neuer sowed it before thys summer But by all tokens that I can se as yet / it is lyke to be as good and greate as the greate smoth kynde If ye haue but a bushe or ij of medic / and would fayn haue much sede rype before the coÌ„myng of wynter / because the medic bushe is very thyck / and therefore hath many flowres and sed vesselles that the son can not come to / it is best to take the moste parte of euery bushe at the ioynt of the herbe / about the tyme that the floure is redy to come furth / and somtyme when the flour is commed furth / then ye must set the braunches that ye haue plucked of / depe in the grounde / and water them twyse on the day / and they shall bryng furth sede as well as them that are sowen / and muche better then they that are ouershaddowed in the bushe / and want the help of the son Thys haue I proued diuerse tymes / wherefore I dar be bolde to write it Of Mint DIoscorides describeth not Mint / and maketh but of one kynde of gardin mint Wherefore when as there are diuerse kyndes of myntes growyng now only in gardines / it is very harde to know which of them is it of whiche Dioscorides writeth Fuchsius maketh four kyndes of gardin mintes / and theÌ„ he describeth diligently And Matthiolus maketh iij. kyndes of myntes / but he describeth them very lyghtly and barely And allthough he disprayse the multitude or diuersite of the kyndes / semyng thereby to meane / that there is but one ryght kynde yet nether in hys descriptiones / nor in his figures he telleth which is the ryght kynde that Dioscorides describeth / whome he taketh in hand to Mentha satiua Mentha satiua altera Mentha hortensis tertia Mentha hortensis quarta expound The first kynd of Fuchsiussis gardin myntes hath a four squared stalk from the roote / a litle violet redishe with som horynes The lefe is allmost round / indented about lyke a saw / soft and well smelling It hath litle cremisin floures in the knoppes that go about the ioyntes after the maner of whorles Hys second kynde is lyke the former in al thynges / sauyng the it hath in the top of the stalkes a purplishe flour after the fasshoÌ„ of a corn eare The thyrde kynde hath a longer lefe and sharper / and purple floures in the toppes of the stalkes / of the figure of eares of corne His fourth hath also longer leues / and knoppes about the ioyntes where in are purplishe floures as the first hath He calleth the first minte in Duche deyment or krauÃŸ deiment The second he calleth kraus balsum He sayeth that the thyrde is called in Duche balsammuntz / and vnserfrawen muntz or spitzmuntz / and of the herbaries Mentha Sarracenica or Romana He calleth the fourth / hertz kraut or balsam kraut Matthiolus describeth hys thre gardin myntes thus One hath shorte and curled leues / an other hath a rede stalk and a rede floure / and an other hath a whithishe flour Now will I shew yow my mynde / whych of all these mintes semeth vnto me to be it that Dioscorides wryteth of The two first kyndes that Fuchsius setteth furth / can not be the gardin mynte that Dioscorides writeth of / because they haue both rouÌ„de leues For Dioscorides in the description of fiueleued grasse / wryteth that it hath leues lyke vnto mint But the cinfoly or fiueleued grasse hath not rounde leues / but long and indented Therfore nether of them can be it that Dioscorides writeth of But seyng that hys thyrde mynte hath long sharpe indented leues lyke vnto the leues of cinkfoli / I reken it to be the ryght gardin mint As for the figures of Matthiolus I must nedes confesse that they are fayre / and so lyke one to an other that a man caÌ„ not well discerne the one from the other But yet I reken that the second agreeth better then the former with the leues of Cinkfoly Thys herbe is called with vs gardin mynte / and as far as I remembre / it is called spere mynte / and if it be not named so / it may well be called so of the sharpnes of the lefe that it hath The vertues of gardin mynt MYnt hath a warmyng / byndyng and a drying poure It will stopp blood / if the iuice of it be dronken with vinegre It killeth round wormes in the belly It prouoketh man to the generation of chylder Thre braunches taken with the iuice of sour pomgranat / stancheth the hitchcok / the choler and perbrekyng Mynte layde to the heade / swageth the ache therof It swageth the brestes or pappes / if they be stretched furth or swelled with plenty of mylke It is good to be layde to the bytynges of dogges with salt It dryueth away matery rottenfilth / if it be layd to with perched barley mele With mede it is good for the payn in the eare It smoteth the roughnes of the tong / if it be rubbed therwith It will not suffer mylck to crud and to be made chese if the leues be put into be the mylck that a man drynketh To be short / it is good for the stomack / hath a singulare pleasantnes in sawces Out of the later writers THe smell of mynt streyngthteneth the brayne / and kepeth the mentory and increaseth it Mint if it be put into milk / wil not let it crud It is good for the isshue of blood It is good for the colik with the graynes of a pomgranat It hath a singulare vertu agaynst the bytyng of a mad dog Serapio writeth that mint preserueth chese from rottyng / or corruption But the iuice is best for that purpose Macer sayeth that if mynt be layde vnto a womans breste / that it will dissolue and breke insunder cruddeth mylk Out of Symeon Sethi MInt is hote in the thyrde degre / and dry in the second / and it hath som moystenes more then the wilde mynte / it is good for

oleander ar poyson to mules dogges / asses / and to many other four footed beastes But it is vnto a maÌ„ a remedy if it be dronken with wyne / agaynst the bytynges of serpentes / and so much better it is if rue be mixed therewith Weike beastes as shepe and gotes / if they drynck of the water where in ar fallen the leues or flowres of oleander / die shortly after Galene writeth that Oleander if it be taken in / that it killeth bothe man and the moste parte of bestes also wherefore let no man thinck that Dioscorides meaneth that OleaÌ„der shuld be taken of animan sauyng only of suche as hath bene hurt with the poysoned bytyng of a serpent for if a man take it in / except he haue bene poysoned before / it will poyson hym But when as the poyson of serpeÌ„tes may well be healed by many other medicines that ar no poyson / as oleander is / my counsel is that no man that is bitten with a serpent / take in any oleander / if there be any triacle or other good herbe may be had by and by after that he is bitten I haue sene thys tre in diuerse places of Italy / but I care not if it neuer com into England / seyng it in all poyntes is lyke a Pharesey / that is beuteus without / and within / a tauenus wolf murderer The later writers say that Oleander is good for the scab and ich / and that it is good for the olde aches of the knees and kydnes / if it be layd to after the maner of an emplaster They wryte that the broth of the leues killeth flees and such lyke vermind if it be cast vpon the flore / where as they be Of the herbe called Nymphea Nymphaea candida Nymphaea lutea NYmphea is named of the apothecaries nunefar / in Englishe water rose / or water lili / in Duch se blumen Nymphea is of ij sortes / the one hath a whyte flowre and the other hath a yelow flour they grow both in meres loughes / lakes and in still or standyng waters The leues ar lyke that bene of Egypt / but they ar lesse loÌ„ger / som of them swym aboue the water / som ar vnder the water / and many of theÌ„ com out of one rote The one hath a whyte floure as lili / the other hath a yelow flour lyke a rose / in the middes of the white floure is a thyng lyke vnto safron Out of the flour wheÌ„ it withereth away / commeth furth a rouÌ„d blak apple lyke vnto a poppi hede / which hath a blak sede and a claÌ„my taste The stalk is smothe / blak and not thick / lyke vnto the bene of Egypt The roote of the whyte Nymphea is black / roughe and lyke vnto a cub But the roote of the yelow nenufar is whyte The rootes vse to be cut doun in September / October and NoueÌ„ber / or in the last end of the haruest The vertue of both the kyndes of nenufar THe whyte leued water lili or nenufar dried and dronken with wyne / is good for the comon lax / and for the blody flix / and it washeth away the mylt The roote is good to be layde to the blader stomack With water it scoureth away white spottes lyke lepres If it be layde to with piche / it wil hele a scalled hede when the heyr goeth of The same is good to be droÌ„keÌ„ of wiueles gentlemen / or husbandles gentle weomeÌ„ agaynst the vnclene dremyng of venery and filthy pollutiones that they haue on the nyght For if it be dronkeÌ„ continually for a certayn tyme / it weykeneth muche the sede The sede of the herbe hath the sam properti The sede roote of it with the yelow floure dronken with rede stoppyng and tart wyne / ar good agaynst the rynnyng out or isshues that weomen somtyme haue Of Basil DIoscorides describeth not ocimuÌ„ / but a man may gather by hym in the description of other herbes where vnto he coÌ„pareth ocimum / what maner of leues ocimum hath The ryght Mercuri Heliotropium as Dioscorides wryteth / haue leues lyke Basil Then he that knoweth the ryght Mercuri Heliotropium / may easely know what maner of leues Basil hath The stalk is a span long somtime loÌ„ger It floureth and sedeth first beneth in the stalk / and after aboue The flour is som tyme white mixed / som tyme with other colores The sede is black or at the lest blakishe / conteyned within a blakish filme One principall roote goeth depe in to the grounde and that is thick and woddishe The other rootes that com out of it / ar small and long Basil is named in Greke ocimon / and of the later Grekes basilicon / in Duche Basilien / in Frence du Basilik The vertues of Basil BAsil / if it be taken to plentuously in mete / dulleth the eysyght / It softeneth the belly / moueth the spirites / dryueth out pisse and bryngeth milk to the brestes But it is hard to be digested But if it be layd to with the flour of perched barley and with vinegre and rose oyle / it helpeth the inflammationes of the longes It is good for the strykyng of a se dragon / and the Ocimum magnum Ocimum minus stynge of scorpiones And by it self onely with wyne of Cio / it helpeth the ach of the eyes The iuice scoureth away the darknes of the eyes It dryueth vp the droppyng down of humores The sede dronken is good for them that brede melancholi / and for them that can not make water / and for them that ar puffed vp with wynd If it be put in to the nosethrilles it maketh a man nese The which thyng the leues do also But ye must shit your eyes when ye ar coÌ„pelled to nese Sum thynk that it ought not to be receyued in mete For if it be chowed and set furth in the son / it bredeth wormes The men of Aphrica say that the man that hath dronken of thys herbe / is afterward bitten of a scorpion / shall haue no payn of that bytyng Out of Galen de simplicibus BAsil is hote in the secoÌ„d degre / it hath a superfluous moystur wherefore it is not mete to be takeÌ„ to the body But if it be layd to wtout / it is good to make rype Galene also in hys booke of the poures and properties of norishmeÌ„tes writeth thus of Basyl The most part vse Basil and eate it with oyl gare sauce for a sowle or kitchen But it hath a very hurthfull an euel iuice Which thynk made som falsely beleue that if it were set in a pot in the son that it wold turn into a scorpion But thys mayest thou truely say / that it is noisum to the stomack / and of an euel iuice and hard to be digested Of the Oliue tre OLea whiche is sumytme called also Oliua / is named

altogether rounde and wtout corners / and the leues of the moste parte of our comon peasen ar rouÌ„de / the comon white peason and other lyke vnto them in form and fasshon can not be pisa of the old writers The comon gray pease with the long leues / which is not round / but cornered / is ether the pisum of the old writers / or ellis I know it not all The vertues of peasen out of Galene PEasen of theyr hole substance haue a certayn lyknes with fabis which ar called of the moste parte of learned men and taken for our beanes and ar after the same maner takeÌ„ in that fabe ar But they differ in these two poyntes / froÌ„ fabis both in that they ar not so wyndy / and that they haue not suche a scowryng nature / therfore go slowlier down throw the belly Galene in that place where as he writeth of fabis / sayeth that all thynges which ar fryed want the wyndenes that they had before / but that they ar harder of digestion Then the perched or burstled peasen which ar called in NorthumberlaÌ„d carlines by Galenis ruel / ar not so wyndye as otherwaies dressed / ar harder to be digested / although they noy not so muche with theyr wyndenes The physiciones of Salern wryte thus of peasen in theyr booke whiche they wrote vnto the kyng of Englande Sunt inflatiua cum pellibus atque nociua Pellibus ablatis sunt bona pisa satis That is peasen with theyr skinnes ar wyndy and noysum / but when as that skynnes ar takeÌ„ away they ar good inoughe Thus do they say But for all theyr sayng / I will aduise all them that haue ether wyndy stomackes / or miltes / that they vse not much pease at any tyme / howsoeuer they be dressed / except there be ether anis sede / or cumin / or mynte / or som other sede or herb of lyke propertie put thereto Wherefore I must nedes commeÌ„de the honest and lerned Physicianes who of olde tyme haue taught our cookes to put the pouder of mynte in to pease potage / for that taketh away for the moste parte the wyndines of the pease / which might els hurt all men disposed vnto any wyndines ether in the milt or stomack The cause why I do commend them is / because they haue don bothe accordyng vnto reason and to the learnyng of Galene who wrytyng of peasen / and other wyndy meates / sayeth that whatsoeuer wyndines is in any kynde of meat / the same may be amended by such herbes as ar hote and make subtile and fyne Of pitiusa or pyne spourge out of Dioscorides PItiusa is iudged to differ in spicie or kynde from the cypresse spourge / called in latin cyparissias Wherefor it is numbred amongest the kyndes of tithimales Pitiusa which I name pyne spourge bryngeth furth a stalk longer theÌ„ a cubit / hauyng many knees or ioyntes The leues ar sharp small lyke vnto the leues of a pyne tre The floures ar small / in color purple / the sede is brode as a lentil is The roote is whyte / thyck / and full of iuice Thys same is found in som places a great bushe Hytherto Dioscorides Thys pitiusa is called of the common Herbaries and apothecaries esula maidr / but how that it is called in Englishe / I can not tell / allthoug it be fouÌ„d in many places of EnglaÌ„d But leste it shuld be without a name / I call it pyne spourge after the Greke name and lyknes of the leues of it vnto the leues of a pyne tre It may also be called lynespourge / of the lyknes that it hath with linaria The comon herbaries hold that it is hard to discern esulam from linaria / and therfore they haue made a verse whereby a man may learn to discern the one from the other / but the verse is thys Esula lactescit linaria lac dare nescit Pinespourge hathe much milck / which linari lacketh in hyr lefe But because linari is also lyke the Cypresse spourge which is much lesse then thys is it wer best for the auoydyng of confusion continually to call pitiusam pine spourge The great kynde that Dioscorides maketh mention of / haue I sene in diuerse places of Germany / first a litle benethe Colen / by the Rhene syde / and afterward / besyde Wormes in high Germany I haue sene it diuerse tymes as hyghe as a man / and somtyme much loÌ„ger Thys herbe may be called in English spourge gyaÌ„t / or merrish or water spourges / because it groweth only in merrish and watery groundes The vertue of pitiusa out of Dioscorides TWo drammes of pitiusas rote with mede purgeth / so doth a dram of the sede / so doth a spounfull of the sap made in pilles with flour Thre drammes of the leues / may be taken for a purgation Of plantayn or weybrede Plantago maior Plantago minor Plantago II. minor Plantago aquatica THere at two kyndes of plantayn or Waybrede the lesse and the greater The lesse hath narrower leues / lesse and smother / softer and thynner It hath litle stalkes bowyng to the grounde / full of corners and pale yelowishe floures The sede is in the top of the stalkes The greater is larger with brode leues lyke vnto a bete The stalk in thys kynde is full of corners / somthyng redish of a cubit hyght / set about with small sede from the myddes vnto the top The rootes ar tender roughe / white / and of the thiknes of a finger It groweth in myri places in hedges and in moyst places / and the greater is the better Hyther to Dioscorides Besyde these two kindes there ar diuerse mo besyde which may all well be conteyned vnder these / sauyng it that groweth by the see syde only / which semeth to be a seuerall kynde from all the rest The greatest kynde is called in the South parte of England plantayn or grete plantayn / in the North countre waybrede or grete weybrede The lesse kynde is called sharp waybred or sharp plantayn / and in many places rybgrasse The Duche call the great plantayn breid Wegerich / and the lesse Spitzwegerich The vertues of bothe the Plantaynes or waybredes out of Dioscorides THe leues of plantayn / haue a drying pour and byndyng together Wherfore if they be layd to / they ar good for all perillus sores and hard to heale / and suche as draw towarde the comon lepre / and for such as ar flowyng or rynnyng and full of foul mater They stopp also the burstyng out of blood / carbuncles / fretyng sores / crepyng sores / ryght blaynes / or ploukes / they couer with a skin olde sores vneuen / and sores all moste vncurable / they heal vp corners / and hollow sores They heal also the bytyng of a dog / and burned places / and inflammationes or burnynges / and the inflammationes or

two very yong trees in England which were called there Playn trees Whose leues in all poyntes were lyke vnto the leues of the Italian Playn tre And it is doutles that these two trees were ether brought out of Italy / or of som farr countre beyond Italy / where vnto the freres / monkes and chanones went a pylgrimage The vertues of the Playn tre THe yong leues of the Playn tre / sodden in wyne / ar good to be layd vnto the eyes to stopp the rynnyng and wateryng of them They ar also good for swellynges / and inflammationes The bark sodden in vinegre / is good for the tooth ach / if the teth be wasshed therewith The yong knoppes dronken in wyne / heal the the bytyng of serpentes If they be broken and menged with grese / and there of be made an oyntment / heal it that is burnt of fyre The horynes that cleueth vnto the leues / is perillus both for the eyes and eares also Of the herbe called Polium out of Dioscorides Polium THer ar two kyndes of Polium / the one of the mountaynes which is named teucrion / and thys is it that is comonly vsed It is a bushlyng / small / whyte / and a spanne long / full of sede It hath in the topp a litle hede lyke a cluster of berries / but that litle and lyke an hory hear And it hath a strong or greuous smell ioyned with a certayn pleasantnes The other kynde is more busshy / and not of so strong a smell / and weyker in workyng Hyther to Dioscorides The first and nobler kinde haue I sene growyng in the mount Appennin / but neuer in England abrode Therefore I know no Englishe name of it / but it may be well called after the Greke and Latine name Poly. The second kynde dyd I se except I be deceyued a litle from the citi of Cour in the land of Rhetia / but it grow not so streyght vp / as it that Matthiolus painteth Pliny geueth vnaduisedly those properties vnto Polio that belong to tripolio Therfore all studentes had nede to rede hym warely / as bothe here and in many other places / leste he gyue them full cause of error Here is the reder to be warned that where as it is in that translation of Cornarius palmi altitudine it is in the Greke ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ / which Greke worde betokeneth not the length of four fyngers / as palmus doth / but a spanne / which conteyneth in it ix inshes or xij fingers Thys thought I necessary to warn the reder of / leste he leauyng vnto the autorite of Cornarius / shuld thynk that Poly shuld be no hygher then iij. Rede Agricolam de ponderibus meÌ„suris ynches or four fyngres long / as palmus moste comonly in all good autores that I haue red dothe signify / sauyng in a place or ij of Pliny / which seme to agre with the iudgement of Cornarius The vertues of Poly out of Dioscorides THe broth of the herbe dronken / healeth the styngyng of serpentes / them that haue the dropsey and the iaundes / and also them that ar greued in the milt / so that it be vsed with vinegre It vexeth the stomack / and ingendreth the hedach It lowseth the belly / and bryngeth down floures If it be strowed vpon the grounde / or if it be burned / and made to smooke / it dryueth away serpentes If it be layd to emplasterwyse / it byndeth woundes together Poly by the reson of hys bitternes / as Galene writeth / because he is metely sharp / delyuereth all inwarde partes from stoppyng When as it is grene as the same Galene writeth / it ioyneth togethre great woundes / specially the busshye kynde When as it is dryed / it will heale old sores very hard to be healed But the lesse kynde is for that purpose more effectuus or stronger in workyng The lesse Poly / which we vse in preseruatiues and triacles / is sharper and bitterer then the greter is So that it dryeth in the thyrde degre / and heateth fully out in the second degre Of the herbe called Polygala or milk lentill POlygala / sayeth Dioscorides / is a bushling / a span long / and hath leues after the fasshon of lentill leues / with a taste somthyng byndyng tarte Dioscorides writeth no more of Polygala The herbe that I take for Polygala / is a very short herbe / and it groweth in woddes and in wilde places / and in hedges besyde woddes / and in laynes the flour is in som places purple / and in other places allmost white Allthoughe I haue sene thys herbe oft in EnglaÌ„d / yet could I neuer heare of any man the name of it It may be called vntill we fynde a better name / milke lentill / because it hath leues lyke lentilles / and the propertie to make muche milk The vertues of Polygâ—la DIoscorides reherseth no other vertue of Polygala / sauing that it maketh much milke And Galene writeth not muche more of it For he wryteth only thys of it Polygalon leues ar a litle byndyng They seme to make milk / if it were dronken Therfore hete and moysture must bere the chefe ruel in it Paule hath nothyng of thys herbe but it that Dioscorides and Galene wrote before hym Nether fynde I any more of it in Pliny / then is written in Dioscorides Of knot grass or swyne grass and of the medow schauigrass out of Dioscorides Polygonum I. Polygonum II. The former kynde is named in Greke ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ in Latin PoligonuÌ„ mas or sanguinalis in Duch Wegbret / in English knotgraÃŸ or Swynegrasse The female is called in Greke Polygonon ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ / in Latin PolygonuÌ„ foemina / in Englishe litle shaue grasse or medow shauegrasse / because it groweth much in moyst and merrish medowes The vertues of knot grasse out of Dioscorides THe iuice of knotgrasse / if it be dronken / hath a byndyng and a coolyng propertie It is good for them that spit blood / and for the flix and for such as choler bursteth out of / both aboue and beneth It is good for the strangurian / for it doth manifestly bryng furth water It is good to be dronken with wyne / agaynst the bytyng of venemus bestes It is also good to be taken agaynst the fittes of agues an hour before theyr coÌ„myng It if be layd to it well / stopp the isshues of weomen It is good to be put in agaynst the rynnyng mattery eares It is excellently good agaynst the sores of the priuites / if it be sodden with wyne and hony The leues ar good to be layde to for the burnyng of the stomack for castyng out of blood / for crepyng sores / for hote inflammationes called saynt Antonies fyre / or of som other the wilde fyre / for impostemes and swellynges and grene woundes The femall which I call medow shauegrasse /

kinde whych is much lesse agreyng wyth the description of Dioscorides / then it that Fuchsius setteth furth For except I be far begyled / as I thinke I am not he setteth out for the fyrst kinde of Sideritis / marrubium palustre Tragi / that is water horehound That herbe groweth alwayes about water sydes / and it hath a stinking smell of garleke / it is a cubit hygh / and for the moste parte hygher / wherfore it can not be the fyrste kinde of Sideritis / whyche groweth in rockye groundes / and hath a stalke but a span long / or not muche aboue Thys kinde is called in Duche Glitkraut / it may be called in English Yronwurt or Rock sage The second kind hath braunches two cubites hygh / but small It hath many leaues in long footstalkes / lyke vnto the leaues of a brake / and in the ouer parte clouen of eche syde Out of the hyghest winges come furth certeyn outgrowynges / long and small / and in the hygh top of al / representing a rounde bowle / hauinge a rough heade / wherein is sede / lyke the sede of a bete / but rounder and harder I haue sene no herbe more agreyng vnto thys description / then the herbe that groweth in sennes / called of som Osmunda / but I am afrayd that the top of it and the sede will not suffer it to be Sideritim secundam Of the thyrde kinde of Sideritis THe thyrd kinde groweth in walles and wyneyardes / and it hath many leaues / commyng from one roote lyke vnto the leaues of Coriander / about litle stalkes / beyng a span hygh / smoth / tendre / and somthyng whytish It hath rede floures / in taste bitter and clammye If herbe Robert had had whyte floures as it hath rede / it myghte haue well ben the thyrde kinde of Sideritis But the other kinde that hath the whytish stalkes / after my iudgement is the thyrde kynde / whyche maye be called in Englishe Coriandre wounde wede The vertues of the kindes of Sideritis The leaues of the fyrste kinde layd to / do bynde woundes together / and defende them from inflammation The leaues of the seconde kynde is also good for woundes The thyrde kinde is also good for blodye and greue woundes Of the Carob tre Siliqua THe fruyte of the tre / that is called in Greke Keratonia / is named in Greke Keration / in Latin Siliqua / of the later Grecianes Xyloceraton / in Italian Carobe / in Frenche Carouge / in Spanishe Farobas / in Duch sant Iohans brot but howe that it is named in Englishe / I can not tell / for I neuer sawe it in England / yet I haue had the tre of it / growing in my gardin at Colon in Germanye / and I haue sene the fruyt in diuerse places of Italy / where as it is called Carobe Yet allthough thys fruyte be not / nether hath ben in England that I haue heard of / for all that all the interpretours that haue interpreted the new Testament / haue Englished siliquas coddes / not wythout a greate error For siliqua allthough it signifye som tyme a cod or an huske of beanes or peasen / or suche other like pulse / yet it signifieth in the xv of Luke / the fruyte of a tre / and not simply a cod or a huske wythoute anye addition / whereof it is a cod / for it is named in Greke of Luke Keration The tre is a talle tre / and it hath leaues in suche ordre as the asshen leaues growe in / but they are muche rounder and shorter / and in dede the braunche of the Carob tre is lykest vnto a bean / both in fruyt and leaues of any tre or pulse that I know The fruyt is lyke a longe flat beane / in color rede / in taste when it is ripe and dryed / swete / but vnpleasant whylse it is grene These thynges beynge so / it were better to Englishe siliquas / Carob coddes / then coddes alone The tre may be named in Englishe a Carob tre / and the fruyt a Carob / or the tre maye be named a bean tre / and the fruyt a Carob beane If any man can fynde any better or fitter name / I shal be wel content there wyth The vertues of the Carob FReshe and grene Carobes are euell for the stomack / but they louse the bellye the same dried / stop the belly / and become better for the stomack They prouoke also vrine / and specially suche as are layd vp in the stones of grapes Out of Galene The Carob beane ingendreth but a noughty iuyce / and it is full of wod / by reason whereof it must nedes be hard of digestion / and thys is an euell propertye that it hath / that it will not lightlye go doune Wherefore it were better that they were no more brought from the East countrees / where as they grow hyther into thys countre He wryteth also The carob tre called Cerotonia / is of a binding and drying nature / as the fruyte is / whych is called Ceratium / and it hath som swetenes in it The carob hath one thyng lyke vnto a chirrye / for whylse it is grene / it louseth the bellye more / and when it is dryed it stoppeth the bellye more / because the moysture is spent awaye / and it that is of a grosse substance / doth onlye remayne Of Mustarde Sinapi primum genus Sinapi hortense MVstarde is nether diuided into kindes / nether described of Dioscorides / because it was so well knowen in hys tyme. And now it is so well knowen / that it nedeth but a shorte description / whiche is metely well set furth in Pliny For he in the xix boke and viij chapter writeth thus of mustarde Mustarde is of thre kindes / whereof one kinde is verye small The other kinde hath leaues lyke a rape The thyrde kind hath leaues lyke rocket Thys is the diuision ioyned wyth a shorte description There maye be made an other diuision of mustarde by the sede / wherof one kynde is whyte / and the other blackish broune or redish It that hath the whyte sede / is muche shorter / then the other kindes that haue the broun sede It that groweth in the gardin / groweth vnto a greate hyght / and it hath verye manye and longe braunches It that groweth in the corne in Somersetshyre / a litle from Glassenberrye / is muche shorter then the gardine mustarde is / but nothynge behynde it in biting and sharpnes Mustarde is named in Greke / Napi or sinepi / or sinapi in Englishe / Frenche / and Lowe duche mostarde / in hygh Duche Senffe / in Latin Sinapi or Sinapis The vertues of Mustarde THe best mustard is it that is not wethered nor wrincled / and is rede and full growen / and when it is broken / it is grene within / and as it were ful of iuyce

smother / and longer The stalk is a span long / wherin are purple floures / and a knobby root / somwhat loÌ„ge / two growyng together / narrow lyke an oliue berry / the one aboue / and the other beneth / and the one of them is full / and the other soft / and full of wrinkelles There are diuers kindes of orchis / which are called in Latin testiculus / that is a stone One kinde of them hath many spottes in the leafe / and is called adder grasse in NorthuÌ„berland the other kindes ar in other couÌ„trees called fox stones or hear stones / they may after the Greke be called dogstones Of the vertues of Adder grasse THe roote of it / when it is sodden inough / is eatable as bulbus is / they write of thys herbe / that if the greater roote be eaten of men / it maketh men chyldren / and if the roote be eaten of weomen / it maketh weomen childer And moreouer / this is also tolde of it / that the weomen of Thessalia geue it wyth gotes milk / to prouoke the pleasure of the body / whylse it is tender / but they geue the drye one / to hinder and stop the pleasure of the bodye And it groweth in stony places and in sandy groundes There is an other kinde whych is called Serapias / as Andreas sayth for the manyfolde vse of the root / it hath leaues lyke vnto a leke / long / but broder and fat / bowynge inward about the setting on of the leaues / and litle stalkes a span hygh / and floures somthyng purple there is a roote in vnder lyke vnto stones The vertue of the second kinde of Testiculus Thys layd to / hath the propertye of dryuing awaye swellinge and scouring of sores / and to stay running tetters It putteth awaye fistules / and if it be layd to / it swageth places that are inflamed set afyre The same drye / stoppeth eating sores / and rotteÌ„ sores / and it healeth the greuous sores that are in the mouth It stoppeth also the bellye / if it be dronken wyth wyne Men geue all the properties vnto thys / that are geuen vnto the former kindes Of triacle mustarde called Thlaspi THlaspi is a litle herbe wyth strayte leaues / a fingre long / turned toward the ground / aboute the edge iagged / and somthynge fat It hath a smal stalke / of the hyght of two spannes / whych hath a few furth growynges and about the hole / the fruyt is somthyng brode from the top / wherein is sede lyke vnto cresses / of the figure of a disshe or coyte as it were thyrst together / after the turnyng of Cornarius broken of / wherevpon it hath the name It hath a floure somthynge whyte / and it groweth in wayes and about hedges / after the translation of Ruellius / whych is nerer the Greke Thlaspi is named in Latine thlaspium / in Duche baurensenff / it may be named in English triacle mustard / boures mustard / or dishe mustarde It groweth much in the corne both in England and in Almany / Thlaspi and I haue sene it besyde Wormes growyng besyde diches / and at Frrancfort about the walles of the cytie / in England in moste plentye aboute Sion In London it groweth in maister Riches gardin / and maister Morgaines also / and in maister Hambridges gardin in Summersedshyre as I remembre The vertues of triacle mustard THe sede of it is sharp / or biting / and heateth / and it purgeth choler vpwarde and dounwarde / if it be dronken in the quantite of two vnces and an half It is also good to be put in by a clister / for the disease of the sciatica Taken in drink / it driueth also blood / and it breaketh inwarde impostemes / and bringeth doun to weomen theyr floures / and it is euell for weomeÌ„ whych are wyth chylde Out of Galene The Thlaspi that is brought out of Candy / and groweth there / is betwene redish yelow / and pale yelow / in figure rounde / so litle som tyme that it is lesse then the corne of millet The Thlaspi that cometh out of Cappadocia / is toward blacknes / and the sede is not fully rounde / and it is muche greater then the forenamed is / and vpon one syde it hath a litle thyng / like as it wer a brusinge in / where vpon it hath the name That is rekened to be the beste groweth in saurot / and it is nether lyke it that groweth in Candy / nor it the groweth commonly in other places These wordes hath Galene written of Thlaspi Matthiolus compleyneth that the thlaspi in Italy hath no indenting about / but in Englande we haue no suche cause For it hath litle cuttinges or iaggynges about the edges of the leaues / and speciallye of them that are next vnto the roote And as touchyng the sede / I could neuer fynde it in any place as yet flat / but euer round and rede / and it that is written of the breakynge of it / and of the form of a dishe / after my iudgement ought rather to be vnderstanded of the sede vesselles / then of the sede it selfe For the sede vessell bringe hole / hath the form of a dishe / and the same a litle brused / is broken into two partes as into two halff disshes Let euery man folowe it that he fyndeth to be moste true / both by reason and by experience / in this mater Of the Linden tre Tilia TIlia is named in Greke philyra / in Duche ein Linden baume / in English a Lind tre It groweth very plentuously in Essekes in a parke within two mile from Colichester / in the possession of one maister Bogges / it is also very comon in high Germany / it groweth so far abrode ther / that men set tables aboue in it / whereof som are so long that ten men maye sit well at one table / and yet roume remaynyng inough for many other besyde the table The description of tilia out of Theophrast Ther is one kind of tilia that is the male / and an other that is the femal They differ in tember / in all the fasshon of theyr bodies / because that the one of them beareth fruyt / and the other is barren / the timber of the male is harde and yelow / fuller of knottes and fuller of prickes / the tymber of the female is whyter / the male hath a thicker barck / and when it is drawen of / it is not bowyng by reason of the hardnes The barck of the female is more whyte and more bowyng / and therof they make cradelles The bark of the female is better smelling / the male is barren and hath no floures the female bringeth furth both fruyt and floures The floure is couered wyth a litle couering The fruyt is long / rounde of the bygnes of a great pease lyke vnto the berrye of an

of Hierobatone are so cut in and indented aboute the edges / as the oke leafe is / and they are in color grayshe blewe Ye maye se also that they differ also in the color of the leaue / if they differ not also in the depnes of iagging or indenting as I thinke a man may gather by Dioscorides that they do For the former hath but a lyghte cuttinge aboute / made mention of / and the later is declared to haue much deper indentinge / wherefore these herbes differ much more then only in the lying or standing of the herbe And Pliny wryting of the two kindes of Verbenaca / maketh them after the reporte of writers to be both one kind / not because they haue one liknes in leaues / stalkes and floures / but because as he writeth quoniaÌ„ vtraque eosdeÌ„ effectus habeat because they haue both thesame vertues / which sauing as it is coÌ„trary to it that Dioscorides writeth of the vertues of these two herbes / so is his description of them contrary vnto the description of Dioscorides for he maketh the fyrst to be a span long more / the second a cubit long / and somtime longer The length the indenting of the leaf of the herbe which we comonly call Veruine / the Duch eisenkraut / wold moue me more to thinke that our comoÌ„ Veruine should be Hierobatono then Peristereon / if the floures were not so whytish / but the color is a deceyuable signe / for in many places groundes it changeth / for all other thinges the description of Hierobatone in my iudgemente agreeth better white our Veruin then the description of Peristereon doth / let other men iudge in this matter / that are vniuersalye sene in all kindes of philosophy / and in olde wryters The vertues of the former kinde of Veruine called properlye Peristereon THe leaues layd to wyth rose oyle / an freshe swynes greise / take awaye the payne in the mother The herbe layd to wyth vinegre / stayeth burning heates / and saint Antonyes fyre / and stoppeth rotting / and ioyneth together woundes / and couereth wyth a skinne / and filleth wyth fleshe olde woundes The vertues of the second kinde of Veruine properly called Hierobatone THe leaues of thys and the rootes dronken wyth wyne / and also layde to / are good agaynst crepinge beastes / as serpentes such like The leaues taken in the quantite of a dram / wyth a scruple and an halfe of Frankincense / are dronken in x. vnces of old wyne / fasting for the space of xl dayes agaynste the iaundes Thesame layd to / swage longe swellinges and inflammationes / and they scoure fylthye sores But the hole herbe it self / sodden with wine / breaketh vp crustes or stalkes in the almondes / and it stoppeth the freting sores of the mouth / if it be gargled there wyth som saye that the broth of it be sprinkled in feastes or bankettes / that the gestes or drinkers thereby are made merrier The thyrde ioynte / from the grounde wyth the leaues that grow about it / is geuen in a tertian / and the fourth is so geuen in a quartayn They call it Hierobatone / that is an holy herbe / because it is very good for to be hanged vpon men / agaynst inchantementes and to purify or clenge wyth all Of the Fiche VIcia is named in Greke Bikion / in English a Fiche / or of som a Tare / in Duche Wicken / in Frenche la Vesce The Fiche is so well knowen that it nedeth no description / all men knowe that the leaues growe by payres wyngwyse / on agaynst an other / and that the sede is not so round as a whyte pease is / but much flatter It is euel to be eaten of men / for it stoppeth the belly to much / and ingendreth a grosse and melancholike humor in the body of a man / but it is good for beastes / as experience hath taught vs these manye yeares Plinye writeth that the Fiche fatteth the grounde / and that there are thre tymes of sowyng of it The fyrste tyme is about the fallinge ofarcturus / that it maye sede in December Then is it best sowen to make or gather sede of it / for it will bringe furth lyke well / after that it is ones cutte doune / or eaten vp to the rootes The seconde tyme of sowyng is in Ianuarye The thyrd tyme is in Marche / and that whych is so wen then / is moste fit to bringe furth stalkes and braunches It loueth best drynes of all thynges that are sowen and it refuseth not shaddowy places The chaffe of it is best of all other / if the sede be gathered when it is rype Of wall gelouer and stock gelouers Viola alba Viola matronalis alba VIola alba is named in Greke Leucoion / but allthough the worde betoken a whyte violet / yet Dioscorides maketh foure kindes of Leucoion / whereof he maketh but one kinde wyth a whyte flour / and that is the fyrste kinde The seconde kinde hath yelowe floures The third kind hath blew floures The fourth kind hath purple floures Viola alba Theophrasti Viola Puniceâ— It that hath the yelow floure / whyche Dioscorides writeth to be mete to be vsed for physik / is called of the Arabianes Keiri / in Duche geel violetten / in Englishe Wal gelouer or hartis ease The other thre kindes are called stock gelouers / hauing there names according vnto the coloure of the floure that they beare The vertues of the gelouers THe drye floures of wall gelouer / sodden to sit in / ar good for the inflammation of the mother / and to bringe doune floures If they be receyued in a cerote / they heal the rinninges in the fundamente They heale wyth honye the burninge sores of the mouthe The sede of it in the weyght of two drames / dronken wyth wine / or layd to with honye / dryueth doune floures / secondes and the byrthe The rootes layd to wyth vinegre / minishe the bignes of the milte / and are good for them that haue the goute Of the Violet Viola matronalis purpurea VIola is named in Greke Ion melan / som Latine men name it Violam nigram / and som call it Violam purpuream The purple violet as Dioscorides writeth / hath a leafe lesse and thinner then the Iuye / but blacker / and not vnlyke / and a litle stalke in the middes from the roote / whereon groweth a litle floure verye well smellinge / of a purple colour The vertues of the Violettes VIolettes haue a coolinge nature The leaues of Violettes layde to both by them selues / and also wyth perched barley mele / are good for a burninge stomack / the inflammation of the eyes / and the fallinge doune of the fundament some write that it that is purple in the floure / if it be dronken wyth water / is good for the squinancie or choukes / and for the

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