strained in honied water giuen warme or the root of the great bur bruised sod in wine then giuen All these are good against poisoned causes But if this disease breede first in the head then shall yee minister thinges chieflie to purge the head as the tender buds of Bearefoote beaten and the iuice mixed with wine giuen Also the iuice of Sowbread in Latin Panis porcinus the which iuice ye shal put into his nostrils and let it distill into his head The which wil purge both bis head and brain Likewise the iuice of garden cresses stamped and strained and giuen with wine doe also purge the head But if the sayde disease come of the Hawthorne or Oake leafe onelie which leaues be of a harde digestion and perhappes maie cause this disease if it should be so Then boyle Southernwood in wine and giue thereof to the sicke Lambes or wilde mallowes sodde in wine and giuen Or the herbe Cuckospit boiled in wine and giuen Also of Iuniper seeds or leaues stamped then strained and giuen with wine Also Penniryall stamped and strained with wine or Ale and so giuen All these aboue sayde are good to make digestion and other wayes holesome for the Beast Thus muche I thought meete to write concerning the remedies for this strange disease in Lambes Let Shepheardes thereof trie so farre as they shall thinke good Against the loosenesse of teeth some doe lette blood as I haue afore sayde vnder the tayle But whensoeuer anie of the sheepe haue loose teeth yee shall take the tender croppes of briers called Blacke brier and putte thereof among his meate and so they will fasten againe in eating thereof It is good for al men to vnderstand specially Shepheards which things do hurt or rotte sheepe wherby they maie auoide the danger the better ye shal vnderstand there is a grasse or weed called Speare woort the leaues are long and narrow like the point of a speare hard and thicke the steales hollowe growing a foote and more high with a yealow floure which is coÌ„monly in wet places and there wil it grow most or where water haue stood in the winter There is also another weed called Peniwort or penie grasse it wil coÌ„monly grow in moist marrish grouÌ„ds it groweth low by the ground hath a leafe on both sides the stalke like vnto a penie thick round without floure yet some doe saie it beareth a yealow floure which wil as they say kil sheep if they eate it Also all manner of grasse that landfloods doe ouerr 〈…〉 before a raine is not good for sheepe because of sâ—nd and stinking filth lying thereon and al maner marrish grounds is euil for sheepe and the grasse that groweth amoÌ„g fallows is not very good for sheep for amoÌ„g it is much earth and other yll weed Also knottegrasse is not good for sheep for as some doe say it wil cause them to fome at the mouth so wil be a scab Likewise al mildeawd grasse is not good the which ye shal know two maner of waie The one is by the leaues on trees in the mornings chiefly on the Oake tree If ye licke the leaues yee shal finde a taste thereon like honie wherby the mildewde grasse wil kil many sheep rimes on the ground then if the shepheard do wel hee shoulde not let them go abroad til the sunne haue dried vp all those dewes Euill water is likewise not good and a hunger rot is the woorst rotte of all For therein is neyther good fleshe nor skinne and being hunger straued they eat such as they can come by But in pastures they seldoÌ„ haue the rot but hurt with mildeawes yet then they wil haue much tallow and likewise fleshe and also a good skinne They say little white snailes be yll for sheepe other in pastures or fieldes there is a rot called the pellet rot which commeth of greate wet specially in wood grounds or fallow fieldes where they cannot wel drie them Al these are the chiefe things that do rot sheepe as the shepheards haue found commonly by experience from time to time Certayne preceptes taken foorth of Aristotle libro de natura animalis When the teeth bee all euen of a sheep it is a signe that the sheepe is olde yet thereto some shepheardes doe saye it is so in a young sheepe as well as in the olde and that is according to the Pasture or grounds they feede in If they feede in harde grounde theyr teeth will weare the sooner than in a softe grounde or Pasture If ye wil haue your lambes come in the spring time put the Ram to the yeawes in the mids of October if ye wil haue them come in Winter ye must put the Rams to the yeawes in Iuly The yeawe goeth with her lambe flue monethes yee shall marke when a yeawe doth commonly bleate beyng great with lambe then iudge that her lamming time is neere Also yee shall note if a rayne come incontinent after that the Ramme haue couered the yeawes those lambs are like to die A Ram that hath a black tongue al the lambes he gettes are like to be blacke or els spotted Stony and marrish grounde is not holesome for sheepe and wood ground is not very hurtful In Sommer sheep ought to bee fed in the morning before the heat of the day and to let them drinke faire water of the Spring Also in the Spring time and Winter put not forth your sheep before the deawes and frost be gone for that grasse which hath deawe or frost breedeth a disease or scabbe It is good also to put your sheep in the haruest in stubble ground for they will dung well the landes Note also if a ground be wet with raine it shall not be good to let them lye theron but stur them to some higher place Againe in the moneth of Aprill maie Iune and Iulie not then to eate much but in August Octobre Nouember and December then to eate well after the dewe is gone the better to withstand the stormes in winter Note also that the washing of shéepe with salted raine water after he is shorne will saue him from the itch and breaking of the wool and from being scabbie note that putting the ramme to the yowes when the wind is in the north will cause them bring males and putting the ramme to the yowes when the wind is in the south will cause the yowes bring female lambs And those yowes that do drinke salte water do desire the ramme the sooner but ye must not salte the water before the ramming time but after some say two good rammes to a hundreth yowes is sufficient and some thinke the more rammes the sooner spéede but they will serue Note also all thinges will fatte shéepe which is mingled with salte water as fetches branne chaffe and such like Much sturring of shéepe doth make them leane There is a disease in shéepe which is called
or spittle of the sayd beast and that will helpe Likewise take the iuyce of mallows and rubbe or annoynt the place therwith and it will helpe or to annoynt the beast with sallet oyle which will make that the flye wil not touch the beast where he is so annoynted How to kill lyce or tykes on cattell IF your oxen or kine or other cattel be lowsie which commeth sometime by some sicknes or surfet in taking cold after a great wet or raine Sometimes by great pouerty wherby so long as they are vexed with lice so long they wil not prosper The remedies are ye shal take the decoction of wilde oliues mixt with salt then rubbe and chafe the beast all ouer therewith Another take of quicksiluer killed in oyle oliue and mixt wel together and therwith annoynt Another take the roots of white ellebory otherwise called neesing pouder and mixe of that pouder with oyle therewith annoint or boile it with good vinegar so wash therewith Another take of bearefoote herbe stampe it and then strayn it with vinegar then mixe therewith the powder of brimstone and wash the beast therwith Another take garlicke and stampe it and mixe it with peniriall and then giue it to the beast with ale or beere and let him be chafed a while after Another take the séede of stauesacre dried and beaten into a fine pouder then mixe it with oyle or fresh greace and annoynt the beast therwith Al these afore mentioned are good to kil both lice and tickes for so long as your cattel are troubled therwith they wil prosper smally although ye féede thē wel yet a good pastor may do much herevnto but it will be long ere they recouer And some doe sift ashes on their backs and then rayne killeth them Against anie swelling in Oxe or Cow by eating of some venemous herbes A Beast by chance somtime wil haue a swelling in al his bodye which may come by eating of some venemous herbe or such like as of the groūd thistle called in Latin Camaelion or of hēbane hemlock or toadstools If he haue eaten anie of these they wil make him so to swel that he will leaue his meate The remedie is ye shal chop very small a good handfull of wormewood and then stirre it with a good quart of ale or béere and so giue it vnto the beast if once giuen doe small profite giue it him againe twise or thrise some do stirre him thē vp down a good while after Others do keep him in the house an houre or two after so he hath done wel againe Also yough is euil for cattel to eate Against swelling of Cattell by eating of greene corne IF your cattel doe chance thorow negligēt kepers to break into your corne and eate thereof when it is nigh ripe as in the time of haruest of barley ry or wheat it wil make thē mightily to swell by lying and sprouting in their mawes which thing wil put them in dāger of death if they haue not soone remedy The helpe is some do vse to driue them vp downe till they see them asswage thereof and so they recouer and some do throw a new laid egge shel and al into the beastes mouth and breakes it in his mouth makes him to swallow it with ale Agayne some other do take a handfull of the tops of nettles beatē wel then strayned with wine or honyed water and so giuen Also to take of Anniseseeds bruised giuē in wine or strong ale or to take a handful of the leaues of Aron or cuckoespit mixt with salt vinegar giuen In likewise take of iuniper leaues or greene berries stampe straine them with wine then giue it the beast All these aforesaid haue bin prooued good remedies against such swellings or take soote the hard row of a red hearing beate them and giue the beast in ale or beere To helpe the garget in the throat of a beast IF the garget be in the throat of a beast it will trouble him sore which is commonly taken by some great drought for want of water and it will cause a swelling vnder the ioules or the sides therof The remedy is ye shall cast him then cut and flée the skinne on both sides so far as any swelling doth appeare So done then take of the whitest sifted ashes that ye can and mixe them with the groundes of stale olde pisse and stur them well both together then also wash the fleshy sore therewith Some do boyle it first and then wash therewith both the waies are good Then ye shall close vp the skinne againe and annoint it with tarre and oyle mixt Also ye may laye thereon a plaister of nettles brused and myxt with salte and so it wil heale it Or a plaister of pitch likewise To helpe the garget on the tongue THe garget in the tongue of the beast oxe or cow is a certaine swelling vnder the root of his tongue which will cause his head and face to swell to froth also at the mouth he will then forsake his meat in often gulping in his throat The remedy is ye must cast him on some straw for brusing and then take forth his tongue and with the point of a sharp knife slit along the middle vaine vnder an inch right from the root of his tongue and there wil come forth blacke bloud and water which cometh from the gall Then ye shall rubbe the place with salt and vinegar mixt and so he will recouer and do well againe Often proued To helpe the blayne of the Tongue THe blaine of the tongue which will come to some cattell is a certaine bladder growing aboue on the roote of his tongue against the pipe which griefe at length in swelling will stoppe his wind which cometh at the first by some great chasing and heat of the stomach wherby as some do iudge it doth still grow and increase by more heat For commonly it cometh in sommer and not in winter For when the beast is hot and hath bene chast then if there be any it will rise and swel full of winde and water so when it is full and bigge withall it will stoppe the beastes wind which ye shal perceiue by his gaping and holding forth his tongue and foming at his mouth If then there be not speedy remedy he will sodainly fall and dye The remedy is to cast him and take forth his tongue and slit the bladder or break◠it thereon then softly wash it with vinegar and a little salte So he shal do wel againe This blaine on the root of the tongue cometh by great chasing and fast driuing and for want of water they take a heat and so riseth the blaine which cattell wil sodainly dye thereof specially fat cattell for they will soonest haue the blaine Some beast wil haue many vnder the tongue Therfore ye must pricke them with an awle if ye haue no other toole and then chafe them so with your
him forth to some place to make him swim Then do nourish him well after for a time and hee shall doo well If your horse is troubled with choller his belly wil swell and wil be hot nor he cannot then vent beneath and then ye must rake him with your hand and clense the naturall conduits which are stopt and take forth his dung and ye shall giue him sauin stauesaker and salt boild and mixt together in putting to a little honie and minister it in at his tuel like a glister or suppositorie which will moue and purge forth al the choller Some do beat iii. ownces of mirre with iii. pintes of wine and giues it with a horne and to chafe and rub his tuell with tarre and olde grease Other do wash his belly with falte water of the sea or water and salte As for other purgations they do commonly giue in powders and pilles which must be giuen with good discretion according to ech disease his medicine Which ye shal vnderstand more thereof at large in M. Blundeuils booke for horses howe and when to purge them therefore I here passe it ouer Against the bots or wormes in the guts when the horse is troubled therewith the signes are he will oft wallow and lye downe for paine and rise sodainly againe Also hee will bow his head towards his side or bellie and stampe with his feete and friske with his taile often the next remedy is put your hand into his tuell and drawe forth his dung and wash his belly with sea water or strong salted water and caste in his throate three ownces of the rootes of capers beaten with halfe so much vinegar and that will kill all wormes and bottes Some take hot embers and put it in running water then strayne it and giue it warme with a horne and walks him after halfe an houre and tyes him vp with the bridle and others take fenegreke and baies licoras and turmericke of ech a halfepeny worth of anniseséeds a penyworth with a quantitie of brimstone in powder beat all these smal together and put them in a quart of ale and giue it fasting warme and walke and vse him as before kéepe him warme al that day after or a pint of milke with a sponful of sope Some giue sauin chopt among prouender or a ry shelfe or the fine powder of brimstone in warme milke some other do let them bloud fasting in the ruffe of his mouth and that is the best for a mare that is with fole and to let her bloud often and to giue her a little prouender after for if ye should giue her stronger thinges it were dangerous for the colt except it were strong and nigh her time some do giue them mans dung hot and annoints the bridle therewith and chafes him thereon and maluesy also is good fasting for the cough newly taken they take lentile pease clean made dride and beat to powder and put thereof in warme water and so giuen a pint Use him thus thrée daies and giue him grasse and tender branches of hearbes For an old cough they heale with vi ounces of the iuice of léekes mixt with a pound of oyle oliue and so giue it with a horne and giue him grasse to eat after and to annoint his griefe with vinegar oyle mixt together If it helpe not then chafe him sometimes with sal niter allum mixt together with a fether of ech 〈◊〉 like with some vinegar If there be pushes or blisters on his body ye shal frote them so hard in the sunne that they bléed they mixe of the roote of iuie with so much brimstone of tar and allum put al together and therewith heale it For the cough some say take a hedgehog cast him into an ouen dry him to powder and alway mixe of that powder with his prouender which wil helpe at length any cough Or to take a handful of boxe leaues smal chopt and mixe it with a peck of ground malt and séeth it in a gallō or two of faire water and let the horse drinke thereof milke warme and giue him white water for two or three daies after or a handfull of groundsell small shred with the powder of licoras and anniseséedes of ech a quantity and so giue it warme in a quart of ale then ride him softly after and keepe him warme for two or thrée daies after To heale al sores or other chasinges on horses in any part of his body they do vse to wash them with warme water and then to rub and chafe them with grease and salt melted together so long till the matter ripe and issue out such sores oftimes do kill horses if there be not in the beginning some remedy found Some do annoynt them with oyle of Cedar or of Lentyles or with nettle séedes mixt with sallet oyle or the oyle of a whale or the dropping of salte tunny and chiefely the grease of a seale fish But if the sores be old ye must haue stronger thinges as to boyle of betony hearbe and brimstone powder of ellebory of pitch with as much old grease and with this they do heale all old sores in racing them first with a sharpe yron and then to wash them with pisse and so to annoint And sometime if it bee festred to cutte it to the quicke and then to drawe it with medicines as shall be made with tarre and oyle or such like which will clenes and fill agayne the place and when the haire shal be full againe and closed full with haire then it shall be good to chafe the place with soote of a cawdrone and butter and to heale a nauelgall or sore backe take soote of a chimney and yest mixt together and plaister it therwith which wil heale without any other thing in shifting it once a daye For rising of the skinne or raysing thereof Take two great onyons and boyle them in water with hounds tongue hearb then being hot take a pound of salt and mixe it with strong vinegar putting therein the yeolke of an egge then mixe all together and rub the place therewith and ye shall see the experience And for his backe that is chopt and swolne ye shall first wash him with pisse hot then annoint him with fresh butter and lay theron a little hay wet in cold water and so clap your saddle thereon and let him rest so al that night or annoint it with butter then put on the wette hay and your saddle Some clap these to hot horse dung then the saddle but take the groundes of ale or beere and boyle it wel with mallowes and clap it hot but if the skinne be through chaft so that it do water and is very moist yee shall haue ready in a bagge filde with the powder of bryer leaues finely beaten and put a little of that thereon and it will drie it by the morning ond it will heale it also without other thing Also for
Horse to looke to YOu that vse to kéepe horse must take often their toongs foorth and sée if there be any thing bréeding vnder his toong for a huske of horne or séede of haie which will trouble him and soone bréede to a blaine or other sorenesse vnder the roote of his toong Horse eies often looked vnto YOu that kéepe horse must often looke vnto their eyes for commonly when a horse eie do shine and looke with a fiery eye or fiery colour he hath something that troubles that eye Also let all beware of putting the pouder of burnt salt or the pouder of ginger into the horse eye for those at length wil make him blinde because they burne To kill the maungie on a Horse YE shall take of quick siluer a quantitie and kil it in oile of baies miâ— it so loÌ„g til ye haue 〈…〉 de it like the 〈…〉 e so that yee can see no part of the quicksiluer and therewith yée may annoint the places infected and it wil heale it For the Glaunders TAke a quantitie of Anniséedes and lycoras and ElecaÌ„panie rootes long Pepper garlick all alike with thrée or foure new egges and some butter a quantitie of Aqua-vitae or Malmesey and some good stale ale mixe all make it warme and so giue it then walke him and kéepe him warme For the Scraches TAke stale of men and warme it and washe therewith downe to the hoofe then take a quantitie of mustarde of strong Uinegar gray soape of barrowes greace and some quicksiluer mixe all together and therewith annoynt For the Bottes or Wormes TAke of blacke sope a quantitie and make in thrée balles and mixe with it a quantitie of salt and wormeséede beaten and then open the horse mouth take forth his tongue and put those balles one after another into his throat and make him to swallowe them then giue him after them a pinte of stale ale warme then walke him a while after and he shal do wel or giue him of a tanners fatte To heale a sore and a galde backe and also to heale the dead flesh TAke a handful of Bay salt a handfull of great and small Oatmeale and put a quantitie of stale thereto and stirre them altogether and temper it like pappe or paste and then make round balles thereof then throw in a hot cole of fire and make them redde hot and then coole them and beate them to a fine powder and then straw of that powder all ouer thereon so oft as ye shall sée it bare or shall haue anie other cause and this will heale it For the yealowes YE shall open his mouth and and cut with the point of a knife the third barbe in the roofe of his mouth and let him bléede wel then take a halfpeniworth of English saffroÌ„ a peniworth of Turmerick a new laide egge with yâ— shels and al smal brokeÌ„ and mixe it in a quart of stale ale or béere and so giue it to the horse Then chafe him a while after and set him vp warme and he shal do wel againe Another waie TAke a little of Fenegreke a quantitie of Turmericke a penieworth of English saffron two penieworth of long Pepper a quantitie of bay leaues dried of Annisédes and graines of eche a quantitie then beate all vnto fine powder then mixe it with stale ale and so giue it vnto the horse fasting Walke him a little and set him vp For the Cough TAke a gallon of faire water and make it readie to séeth then put thereto a pecke of ground malt with two handfull of boxe leaues stript and chopt smal with some groundsell then doe mixe them altogether and let him drink thereof Euening and morning So vse this as yée shall sée cause or to mixe your boxe leaues with â—ates and bittony is likewise verie good and after to be kept warme To kill woormes TAke the croppes of young broome and of Sauin and Groundsell of eche a quantitie then choppe them small and giue it with his Prouender euening and morning and let him not drinke for a good space after and hée shal do wel againe To kill the Farcie or Fashion TAke a sharp knife and cut the buâ—ches ouer and take the powder of white Arsenicke and strawe thereon and vse it on eache place where yee shal see anie of the bunches to rise with letting blood by it wil kill them at length For Quartes or chinkes in the hoofe TAke halfe a pounde of Frankincense a pound of Rosen a pound of pitch greeke halfe a pounde of blacke pitche a pound of new waxe a pound of goates greace halfe a pound of varnishe halfe a pound of Turpentine two ounces of oile oliue and melt them together and laie it to the hoofe playsterwise and this will helpe it but let him not goe into any water or wet for thrée or foure daies For the morefounding or glanders TAke lunature scorii of baccarum laurii of Aristolochia rotunda of Gencium of nux muscata of eche two ounces then beate them altogether into a powder and then put them into a pint of white wine and giue it warme to the horse and he shal amend To helpe wind galles TAke Arsenicke of Solymon of Rezalgar which are corsiues of eche a like quantitie then beate them together into a smal powder and mixe that powder with oyle of bayes and sheare the haire off from the windgal as broad as it is laie of your stuffe thereon so let it lie foure tweÌ„ty houres Then after doe annoynt them with boates greace and that will heale it For a galde backe TAke the white of an egge and salt with some oatemeale beate altogether and make it of a lumpe and cost it into the fire and make it red hot and coole it againe and beate it it wil be a blacke powder and straw of that powder thereon and it wil heale it If he be galde and festred on the side take but yeast hony the white of an egge and soote blend them altogether make a plaister thereof and laie it too to eate away the dead flesh then straw lightly thereon a little verdegreace and so ye maie remoue it once a day A very good way to destroy the Viues IF the Uiues be ranke in a horse ye shall bowe his eares forwarde and grype him with your fingers vnder his iawes ye shal féele as it were a hard roule of fleshe like a gristle If that come vp or nigh to the root of his eares theÌ„ it is perilous as afore is shewed The cure Ye shal cut a small hole with the poynt of a knife on the ende next his eare or in the myds thereof open a hole and picke out thrée or foure kyrnels thereof Then put of bay salt or other into the hole and so they will consume and weare awaye this waie of doyng there wil be no scarre to be seene in that place To helpe a horse somewhat foundred PLucke of his shoes and
therefore they ought to haue the lesse negligence with their keeper or maister for they are of lesse coueting than other cattell and yet they cannot abide the heate in Sommer nor the cold in Winter These cattel are seldome nourished abroad without great danger but in houses and closed pastures and are gluttons and greedy that if his meate by some occasion is taken away of others thereby sometime he wil be sick Therefore ye ought to giue to euery sheepe which shal bee sufficient of meate in their rackes for them in Winter and to giue them in their troughes of barley and beanes ground together and also dried pease or Akornes ground and giuen with bran and drie Elme leaues or others as aforesaid or of three leaued grasse greene or dry or of the herbe Mellilot or haie of the latter season and such like Also there is but smal profit in selling the lambes being young and lesse profit in their milke and they kill those which they cannot wel nourish within a while after they he lambde and those yeawes which haue lost their lambs they make them to giue others suck for they make a lambe sucke to yeawes and yet cannot draw forth her milke because her own lambe haue drawn more oftner with more strength to that lamb which she haue lambd nature in her do shew a more loue But to the other she is but as a nurse to a child and lesse giuen to nourish it then her owne Wherefore yee must obserue and see to them all the time being but young and to bee suckled of their dammes and other yeawes also In this kinde of Cattell it were better to nourishe and weane more of males then females Although by cutting and gelding of them by vnskilfull persons manie doe perish and die thereon for the females commonlie are of a more ruder wooll as some doe saie And againe before the male lambes be ready to couer the yeawes they are gelded and when they are past two yeeres they are killed and their skinnes are more deerer solde than anie other for the beautie of their wooll In Greece they vse to pasture their sheep where as there is no bushes or briers for feare as I haue said that their wooll should not be torne off their bodies in plaine fieldes a man néede not be so carefull But here mee thinkes if I should sée my shéepe come with torne fléeses I may aske my shepheard where they haue béen in supposing their il gouernment amongst bushes and thornes therfore he must be careful when they be in field for all the day some doe not goe with them And againe in the house hee ought to haue a more greater care in clensing of them or any other occasion not to be foreslewd in oft opening their wooll where as any place séemes lose by scratches or other waies and then to tarre it some doe wash the place with wine and oyle sometimes they wash them all if the day or time bee not too hote or cold and doe vse it so in some countries thrée times a yeare and often makes cleane their houses takes away al the moisture of their vrine which is easie to be done in percing the bordes or plankes with an aulgar or clensing the pauements whereas they lye And not onely to haue a care of their doong but also to kéepe them beastes and venomous woormes Whereupon the Poet Virgil saith Let burne of Cedar odorant To fume the stall or stable To cause the serpents flie there fro And voide if thou be able Whereby thou maist them follow through such perfuming vapour Of Galbanum the smell Will cause them flie full sure Full oft haue it been seene this thing and often prooued Of litter lying long they breede If it be not remooued The outragious venemous wormes Be dangerous to touch Both Snakes and Adders customed Doo hide them in their coutch But now be they once seene And perfectlie once bare Full soone they flie for feare To hide them is their care They flie away full soone In corners of the house They creepe in at a litle hole As swiftly as the mouse Take stones or staues and kill them Ere they encrease and double For if they waxe and multiply Full oft they will thee trouble If thou canst without danger of thy house oftentimes burne in the house of womens haire or hartes horne for the sauour thereof driueth away all venemous wormes As for the time of shéering or clipping it commeth not in all countries alike For in some countrey it commeth timely and in other some later The best is to consider when the shéepe cannot endure cold if thou shéere him nor heat if thou shéere him not But at what time ye haue shorn ye ought to noint them with this medicine That is to say the iuyce of tares or pulce luke warme or of the lées of old wine and lées of oliues of each in like portion well mixt togither And therewithall to rubbe the shorne shéep And within thrée or foure daies it wil be consumed then if ye be nigh the borders of the salt water they plunge them therein If not they do wash them with raine water kept long and vncouerde and with salt mixt togither and a litle boyld And this shall kéepe them all well that yeare from scratching or scabbinesse as Celsus reporteth and without doubt the wooll shal be more gentler and longer The remedies and medicines for Sheepe and other cattell FOr so much as I haue carefully written of the diligence which they ought to haue for the preseruing and keeping their beastes in health now I will declare how to helpe them with medicines which are grieued with any infirmitie or disease Howbeit although I haue spoken alreadie of the moste part of them I will yet heere repeate a fewe medicines for great cattell For as the bodie is of great cattell so is the bodies of the lesser cattell almost of like nature Euen so there is smal difference betwixt their medicines and betwixt their diseases neuertheles whatsoeuer they are I will not heere let passe or omit If it chance that all your cattell be sicke yee shall do as I haue afore commanded of great cattel Which I think to be a thing necessary Euen so here I command again for a singular remedy to change your pastures your watering places and to driue your cattel into other pastures far of If that pestilence or murreine do come by great heates ye must haue them vnto couertes shades and colde places If it come of cold ye must haue them in open places against the sunne And ye must leade them by litle and litle and not too hastily to the end by their soft going they be not grieued nor yet too slowly but gently in a meane pace For euen as they must not bee tormented by too much haste whiche are alreadie weary and auoide with this disease Euen so it is profitable to goe
the spring it cometh with a swelling in the belly and foming at the mouth and sodainly the shéepe will fall downe in the way The remedy is Take a quantitie of rue and another of rosemarie and boyle them in milke or in new ale for that is the better and when it is a little boilde then stampe it and then straine it and so giue it milke warme vnto the shéepe but before yee giue it pricke him vnder the tongue and make it bléede if ye can and he shal do wel There is also oftentimes a giddines in sheepe which doth take them in their heads as shepheards do iudge if it bee the bladder ye shall find it soft vnder your finger and there ye must cut it as is afore said or the worme vnder the horne which is likewise afore declared For any other paine or giddines these are special good Take the iuice of iuie leaues and put thereof into his eare and bind it fast for casting out Or the iuice of cackcospit in like case warme Or the iuice of hegtaper cald foxe gloue put it into the eare The iuice of wilde time stampt with ale straind and giuen Or the iuice of sowbred calde in latin panis porcinus distild in at the nose into the head doth purge both the head and the braine of the shéepe Against water in the body or belly ye shall stampe and straine of two peny grasse giue it with wine boild Against any water in the head boyle purcelin in honted water straind and so giuen All these aforesaid are good against water in any part of the body Also they saye when the téeth of sheepe waxelong and euen it is a signe of age in them For the worme in the guts SOme shéep wil haue a long worme in his guts and also â—lambs of a quarter old which bréedeth of some raw humor the signes are he wil forsake his meat sit most coÌ„monly bowing his head to his belly he wil often grone his belly wil swel shortly wil die theron if he be not holpe The remedy take a quantitie of the iuice of horehound with some léeke blades albrused so giue it Or to giue him the powder of wormeséed in some maluesie Also the powder of sauin finely beaten and giuen in wine or ale Shéep sometimes wil be lowsie and haue lice like hog lice which breed sometimes by much wet sometimes by hunger and pouerty and sometimes they may haue lice in lying among hogs and then ye shal sée them rubbing scratching with their hornes and so wil teare their wooll in many places The remedy take quicksiluer kilde in oile oliue or spettle therwith annoint your sheep or the pouder of white ellebory and mixe it with sallet oile and therwith annoint Or boile it in vinegar and wash the shéep therewith Or take the powder of stauesaker and mixe it with oile oliue annoint therwith Or ye may take fresh grease sope tar melt together therwith annoint Al these afore said are good against shéep that are lowsie There is sometime on the end of the yowed tets a certaine smal mote or scab with a black head hanging vnto it a hard mattry string like flegme which is within the tet and it wil slop her milke that of some yow the lambe can draw no milke Wherefore the shepheard must sée to al such things in tamming time or els some lambs are like to starue Some shepheards say that a horned ram is il to get lambs for the yowes are at lamming time in more danger of deliuerance because the lambs haue long stubbed hornes before they are lambd wherby in the lambing time they put the yowes in more danger therfore the net ram is counted more better Some shéep wil haue a water bladder vnder their chin which ye shall féele to be soft which wil breed in moist times of winter by féeding on moist places shepheards haue no other common remedy but to launce it a little and then to tar it There be some lambs their pesill is clouen I can learne no remedy but kéepe it cleane til he be big and annoint it with tar and then to kil him for he wil die at the length How for to know the age of a shéep she being of one shere she wil haue two broad téethafore at the second shere shee will haue iiii broad teeth afore at the third shere she will haue vi broad téeth afore and at the fourth shere shee will haue viii broad teeth afore and thus ye may know the age of all sheepe by their teeth Sheep are cald ouis in latin which word cometh of sacrificing in the old time The sheep is a beast good profitable for many coÌ„modities for the vse of a man as commoÌ„ly is known among all men in this countrie and others If the rams be put vnto the yowes when the winde is in the north the yowes will bring males and if the winde be in the south if the yowes he then couered they will bee female lambs Also such a colour as the vaine is vnder the rammes tongue of such colour shal the lambe be when he is lambde and when old sheepe are moued to generation in vnordinate times shepheards say it is a good signe And if young sheep be so moued they say it is a taken of some generall pestileÌ„ce among them that yeare following Also Aristotle saith shéepe do commonly conceiue in drinking-water and therefore some shepheards do giue them salt and do force them to take it which doth cause them to conceiue the rather and salt will kéepe them longer safe and sound without sickenes They do also giue them in haruest Cucurbitas and such hearbes with salt which will increase much milke in their vdderns If your sheepe be made to fast three daies and then giue them meat they will soone after waxe fat in sommer cold water coming out of the north springes is good for them to drinke and in haruest warme water coming out of the south shall be good for them and then to eate in the later part of the day or night is also good for sheepe And those sheepe which are driuen and trauell farre do soone waxe leane and shepheards wil perceiue those that will best endure out the next winter folowing for some sheepe are so feeble they are not able to shake of the I se from their backes and some will suffer none thereon but still shake it off The sheepe which be nourished in watry places their flesh is not so holesome as others nourished in drye groundes and those foure footed beasts nourished in moysts groundes with long tailes may worse awaye with winter then those with broad tailes Also sheepe with smal and thin short wooll on their tailes may worst away with winter shepheards say the wooll of a sheepe that is wirried with the wolfe or eate thereof it is infected and the cloth made of that wooll wil
vp at night againe which casting wil be like to the panch of a beast for he cannot digest it and thereby they neuer prosper but pine away at length by little and little The cure Ye shall take quide woort which groweth among corne like grounsell and bruse thereof a quantitite then marke when ye sée another shéepe chew her quide take her and take part of he quide out of her mouth and mixe it with the brused quidewoort and role it in a little ball and so giue it and make her to swallow it and he shal do wel The red water SHéepe oftentimes will haue the red water which as shepheards say is a certaine bladder with water vnder the tip of his heart which water scaldes and consumes the heart so at length he will die a good way to helpe is euery night before they rest do ye chase them a little with a dog which will preserue them from the said water Against the gall A Sheepe when he is troubled with flowing of the gall yee shall see him stand shrinking with his four feet nigh together Then giue him halfe a sponefull of aquauite mixt mith so much vinegar and let him bloud vnder the taile and hee shall mend and it is good against the red water also Hearbes euil for sheepe HEarbes if shéepe eate thereof as spere woort which groweth commoÌ„ly in moist places and beareth a yellow flower and hath leaues like speare points thicke and hard to digest Also blacke elleborie will kill sheepe or other cattel if they eate any quantitie thereof There is an other hearb cald two peny grasse which growes in medowes which is as euil for shéep as speare wort Againe oke leaues if shéep eate thereof gréene it is euil for them specially for young lambs which wil kil them and also yeugh leaues if they eat therof it wil go nigh to kil them and likewise of other cattel And dead grasse or rotten fog in low commons and pastures is euil for shéep and wil bréed a rot in them and hemlocke and mushromps is il for shéep and white snailes Thus much here of euil hearbs for shéep wherof I haue recited part before To helpe hoggerels if they mislike IF young tegges or hoggerels vnder a yeare olde do not like ye shal make tar warme giue vnto each a sponefull thereof and it will helpe but if they be with lambe it is not good for them The turning disease in sheepe THere is a turning disease in sheep which causeth theÌ„ to hold their heads on the one side some shepheards do counsell If she hold her head on the right side ye shall strike of the horne on the left side of For vnder the horne there lies a worme which ye shal annoint with tar and that wil kil it then bind a cloth theron and so it wil do wel againe The tyne worme THe tine worme is a sinal red worme with many legges much like a hog louse and they will creepe in grasse if shéepe or other cattell do eate one they will â—well and within a daie die if he be not remedied To remedy him ye shall take stale salt a quantitie and stur them together and giue it so and chafe him a while after or giue him the iuice of hearbe Robart with ale and he wil mend To helpe the wethering in a yowe STampe the leaues of mallowes with strong ale and giue it or take stampe hearbe grace and straine it with good ale and giue the yowe iii. or iiii sponefull thereof and she shal do wel And the iuice of mugwoort will do the like Goates with their nature and feeding FOr so much as I haue written sufficiently of shéep I wil now here speake somewhat of goats which are cattell much desired of in many places These kind of cattell desire to haue bushes and bryers and alio thornes and other trées rather theÌ„ to haue plaine pasture groundes or fields For they féede as well in rough and rude groundes as plaine places For they feare neither bryer rocke nor thorne bush or other woode and they loue very well low and small trees shrubbes as also wild trées crabtrées and such like or the wild grasse mellilot also of willowes and young okes or elmes being not hie The buckes haue vnder their iawes two wattles or tufts like a beard which is the better to be estéemed of his body also being large withall and his legs great his necke playne and short with great hanging eares his head small his haire blacke and thicke cleane and long withall In many places they dod shere them to make mantils for souldiours Also the bucke goat when he is of seuen moneths olde he is sufficient to couple and to couer the females For he is of so great a heat and so knauish withall that he will not spare to couer his owne damme though she bee yet milch Through the which heat he waxeth soone olde and before he be vi yeares he is nie spent For his youthfull yeares being so hot hath consumed his strength Wherefore after v yeares he is not sufficient to couer the females The she goat which doth resemble the bucke afore mentioned is greatly to be praysed if she haue great tets with large vddurns and full of milke In temperate countries they choose the goates which are without hornes But in countries windy and stormie which is subiect often vnto great windes they take those which haue hornes but in most places ye shall sée that the buckes haue no hornes because they are most vnhappy in pushing and goring with their hornes which thing is often dangerous These cattell ought not to be aboue one hundreth in a heard although that shéepe with wooll may bee a thousand together in a flocke And also when ye buy goates it is better to buy all together out of one companie or heard then to choose in diuers partes or companyes to the ende that when yee woulde lead them to pasture they doo not separate them selues into diuers partes and also it will bee the better for them to agree in their houses And too great a heat in sommer doth annoye these cattell verye much yet more doth the cold in winter for these female goats which do bring forth a kidde in winter through the cold and vehemeÌ„cie thereof it often maketh them bring forth abortiues and dead kids Also abortiues comes when they giue theÌ„ in some place nothing but acorns for their meat Wherefore ye must not giue them but a quantitie at once thereof The chiefest time to haue them coupled or couered with the bucke is in Autumne before the moneth of December to the ende that against the grasse and leafe do spring fresh and tender then shee shall kidde and bring forth their young the better whereby to haue more grasse and therby to giue the more milke Also their houses ought to be paued with stone or else naturally to be of grauell of it selfe all vnder for these kind of
ground and the best is to haue of dirtie slymie and soft grounde then to haue drie and harde ground For in the in the soft ground they maie the easier digge and séeke for wormes rootes in the earth and to tosse and tumble in the durty water which doth them much good in hot time Wherein they muche delight to tumble them because ofttimes they would haue water to coole them in which cooling dooth profite them much and easeth them of their great heate which is a bréeder of the meazels They doe féede in moyst marrish grounds where they haue manie small and sweet rootes as flagge rootes and the rootes of galingale of rushes reedes and also the rootes of Daffadill which is very good for hogges knotgrasse and such like And likewise in fallow fieldes they doe finde store of rootes and wormes which doth make them fat And as for other grounds couered with grasse they finde diuers sortes of hearbes and fruites so that in diuers partes thereof they may haue besides of wilde plums of peares or hawes sloes and nuts and such like and whereas ye shall sée them haue scante of meate ye must not then spare your Garners for then ye must néeds helpe them a mornings with some meate and likewise at night with some for al the day before perhaps in féeding abroad they haue had litle or nothing And therefore all good husbands should kéepe plentie of acorns after Michaelmas to serue them all the yeare if they can Acorns may be kept in Cestorns with water or to be dryed and kept in fats for so ye may kéepe them from rats and mice or to dry them and lay them on drye boardes and giue thereof in their wash or drye with some beanes or other graine when it is good cheape and what yee spend one way yee may so profit an other waye Unto sowes that giue sucke to eate of gréene hearbes sometimes it doth them hurt Therefore in the morning before ye put them forth to feede yee ought to giue them somewhat to kéepe them in hart for much eating of greene grasse in the spring will cause them to be lose bellied which will make them leane And ye should not put hogges together like other cattell in their styes but make them partitions therein And to put the sowes asunder by them selues and the young pigs by them selues For when they are shut vp altogether they tumble tosse and lye out of order one vpon another and thereby oftentimes makes the sowes to cast their pigs Also those husbandes that dwell by forrests or commons it were good for them to haue styes in the saide forrests and commons whereby they may at all times feede such hogges as they shall seeme most meete And there likewise vse to giue them their meat whereby they may within a while forget the comming to his house and thereby he shall the lesse bee troubled with them from time to time And it were good to make the walles or hedges of your styes of foure foote hye for then your hogs or sowes can not get ouer nor yet others come vnto them And so open at all times that the keeper may looke into the stye and to take account of them at his pleasure to sée if he haue all or not and to seee if anie sowé doe ouerlay or lye on her pigs then to remoue her and see vnto the pigs so long as they be yong and tender The hoghearde or keeper ought also in keeping of them to be watchfull diligent painefull seruiceable with wisedome and of a good nature Being verie carefull to nourish them from time to time who ought also to haue in mind the number of all his hogges sowes and pigges both old and young and to haue regarde and consider the profit and encrease of euerie one from time to time And likewise to take heede of his sowes that they take no hurt with dogges or otherwaies when they are readie to farro but to shut them vp in the styes that they may farro there for feare of casting her pigges For in farroing abroad often times many wayes they perish as with the Foxe or other like chances which is for lacke of looking to in time Which to a poore man is a great losse if hee consider all thinges Also when a sowe doth farro the keeper ought to see how manie pigges she hath for some sowes will eate of them assoone as she hath farroed them and therefore to looke well vnto them and see what they be and let them not sucke of any other sow but of their owne damme For if the pigges resorte out of the stye and goe among others when she lyeth downe to giue them s 〈…〉 e they will sucke with others which may thereby soone be bitten of the straunge sowe Therefore the best is to see each sow shut vp by them selues that one hinder not the other for at length yee shall not know the higges of the one sowe from the other except ye marke them And among a heard of many pigges yee must haue of diuers markes to know which is which For els it will trouble his wittes to knowe one from an other And among a great number it wil be a hard and a painfull thing to doe Therefore it shall be good to tell them in going forth and comming in as afore is declared or to tell them in entring in at a doore no bigger then one hogge or sow may passe alone in going in or comming forth And looke that euerie sow haue with her but her owne pigs and so manie as she shall best continue with to nourish well which is not aboue eight pigs if she haue any more it were best to sell the rest being young without yee perfectly sée that the sow is well able to nourish them for if she be not ye shall soone perceiue by decaying of the pigs for they will soone waxe leane and euerie pigge will but sucke his drene or tette To weans pigs whereas husbandmen haue no styes They wene their pigs in tying a wollen cloth list about the vpper snowte with a knot in the middest of the roofe of his mouth so remaining vnder the pallet of his mouth he can not draw any store of milke whereby the sow will soone waxe drye And those sowes which are good bréeders of pigs they should be rather chosen that sucke of the hinder tets and ought to be nourished often with dry and sod barley for feare least they beeing young shoulde waxe leane or fall into some sicknesse Also the hogheard or keeper ought often to cleanse their styes for although these kind of beastes be foule and filthie feeders yet they doe desire to lye cleane and drye in their styes Thus much heere for the nourishing and good keeping of hogs The maner and gelding of hogs there is two times in the yeare to geld these kind of cattell best One is in the spring and
before so that your pots brinke must so be set that it be euen with the nether part of the trench or trace of the moule Some do couer the pots with turfes of earth but let there bee no more of the pots brim vncouered but the bredth of her trace in the treÌ„ch or two inches Some do vse to put a liue moule into those pots or into ech pot one For when they do gender in the spring the buckes will hunt after the doaes and the doaes will seeke the buckes and then they will runne about on the ground one after the other And those moules which are in pots and cannot come out wil cry and the rest will heare wind them and so fall vnto them in the pots and there they wil crie and fight together Againe some do counsell in the gendring time to lead or draw a bich moule with a string about the ground where the pots are set and so put her into one of your pots and the bucke moules will find her out by the trace and so take in the said pots but ye must not tread nie her trare for theÌ„ they wil not follow her And by this meanes ye may take manye in the spring time with pots And to know which way a mole hath gone ye shal opeÌ„ her trench a foot or more then tread it light down with your foot and in the â—â—ds of her trench ye shal set down a small sticke to the bottom of her trench and let your sticke be three inches without the earth or more If she come in the top of the sticke wil fal backware and if she go out the sticke will fall inward Thus may ye know which way she is gone Again I haue hard in a garden where as the earth is soft that when the mole doth east at the second putting vp he wil thrust in his bare hand and so take them vp Also where as you shall sée moles to make their passage vnder the earth in woods rough groundes in crossing foot pathes or betwene bushes bankes and such where ye shal sée any such earth cast vp there commonly they haunt to go and come daily wherin ye shal do no more but tread that earth softly downe with your foot or chop it down with your mole staffe and so tread with your foot downe softly againe and make your trenchso long as ye may feele easily her passage For the longer it is trode down the longer they wil be in passing through so there ye need make no other trenches to take them in but those For this order shal do as wel as néed if ye watch their times Thus ye may distroy them in woods and rough grounds in a smal time with taking some paine And when a mole is in the trench doth worke if it be hard trode down she wil go backe and come againe once or twise perhaps forsake it But let her come a good way in the trench then clappe your staffe or chop your héele behind her quickly and theÌ„ cast her vp for they wil lightly turne back if they wind you or heare you stampe Moreouer if ye can bring vp a curre to go with you when ye take them so to nosill him therewith he will then take pleasure in killing them and hee will find in any ground three moles against your one For he will smel and shew you where the mole is which thing I haue séene going by the way side There is also a trap to take moles in coming or going at all times Which engine yee may sée in my bookes of traps and engines Thus much for the taking of moles in all groundes FINIS ¶ For so much as the dog is a very necessarie beast for the husbandman as well as others some to profit him and some to disprofit him as mad dogs and other whereof I will somewhat speake briefly and so make an ende I In houndes and dogs which fall madde the cause is the burnt choler hath the mastrie in his body which choler being once rosted in them through vehement heat it ouercometh the bodie and maketh him to run mad For the black choller which is so strong it fumeth vppe in his head infecteth the braine and so from thence goeth to all the other members and maketh them venemous Therefore if any person be bit with a madde dogge it is the venemous spittle of the dogges heat that doth infect And the venome of him which doth bite is drawne to the like place wherewith he biteth which is the braine and there it worketh and maketh the dogge runne mad and if he bite any other person it maketh him mad also and such venome is perilous For in some persons it is a yeare hid or it be knowne and lightly about the same day it was bitten the same day twelue moneth it cometh vnto his head and therewith he goeth madde and commonly houndes wil barke at a madde dogge for they perceiue and wil rather fly him then to come to him and this madnes among dogges chaunceth and falleth most in haruest and canicular daies and daies of heat His tongue is so venemous that it maketh him to reele and stagger and to runne about gaping and driueling in holding downe his tayle alwaies and hanging out his tongue If his driueling fall into anye water it infecteth the same and who so drinketh thereof is in great daunger of being mad And the signes after the biting of a mad dog in a man is They shall haue in their sleepe feareful dreames and sights and anger without cause and they will séeme to barke like a dog and feareth to be séene of others And they feare water most and be very daintie in all thinges which are doubtfull signes to cure For of him that is bitten the venome goeth from the bitten place to the heart from thence to the head and so to all members as aforesaid and the humour is more moist and perilous And it is also daungerous to touch those bodies infected because the vaporation and vehemencie of the venome and they will corrupt all thinges néere vnto them Note also that if venome be taken by meates or drinkes these signes do follow the crampe followeth very strongly with swelling in the fingers and nailes which is a deadlye signe Or if he also gape and driuell his lippes do smart and tingle or féele a heat in his tongue without any swelling being vexed straitly about the heart his eies waxe dim and dark WheÌ„ these signes are it is time to make hast or death cometh soone after The generall remedy and medicine is to vomit or to take a glister to bring it downe Then take of triacle and wine that Sowthistle is sodde in Then must he be purged and bathed and let bloud at the last And his diet shall be fatte meates with fulbards er small nuts with drie figges which is also good to draw consume and wast venome Balsamum with womans milke