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ground_n	flower_n	grow_v	small_a	4,070	5	5.9979	4	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A05102	The third volume of the French academie contayning a notable description of the whole world, and of all the principall parts and contents thereof: as namely, of angels both good and euill: of the celestiall spheres, their order and number: of the fixed stars and planets; their light, motion, and influence: of the fower elements, and all things in them, or of them consisting: and first of firie, airie, and watrie meteors or impressions of comets, thunders, lightnings, raines, snow, haile, rainebowes, windes, dewes, frosts, earthquakes, &c. ingendered aboue, in, and vnder the middle or cloudie region of the aire. And likewise of fowles, fishes, beasts, serpents, trees with their fruits and gum; shrubs, herbes, spices, drugs, minerals, precious stones, and other particulars most worthie of all men to be knowen and considered. Written in French by that famous and learned gentleman Peter de la Primaudaye Esquier, Lord of the same place, and of Barree: and Englished by R. Dolman.; Academie françoise. Part 3. English	La Primaudaye, Pierre de, b. ca. 1545.; Dolman, R. (Richard)	1601 (1601)	STC 15240; ESTC S108305	398,876	456

is one of the most gentle medicines and least annoying that may be amongst laxatiue remedies But it is euerie where so common that none esteeme of it It is not only laxatiue but doth also fortifie the interiour members bindeth their veines which are too loose as also those of the stomacke and of the liuer and healeth feuers that proceed by choler or through stoppings It euacuateth the cholerike humour verie much in vrine the seed thereof is bitter and somewhat sharpe and it is somewhat more hot then the herbe that is temperate so that the whole plant is purifying penetratiue opening and laxatiue And because of the cold and stiptick qualitie thereof it bindeth restrayneth and fortifieth It doth gently loosen the belly it purgeth choler and burning humours Wherefore it is good against the meazels against cankers and all infections of the skin and other maladies which doe proceed from oppilations the iuice thereof cleereth the sight causeth teares to issue euen as smoke or fume doth whereof it seemeth to haue taken name Angelica is a most excellent plant Of Angelica and verie worthie to bee here described It is aboue a cubit in height it produceth a knottie stalke crested and full of pits the leaues thereof are long and indented round about the flowers white growing in bunches out of which springeth a little graine and smooth like a lentill The roote is as thicke as a reddish diuided into many branches sharpe in taste and sweete in smell Also there are sundry sorts thereof for one kinde is set in gardens another sort is wild and another groweth in watrie places All this plant is hot and drie in the second degree full or to the beginning of the third Wherefore it is opening attenuating and resoluing It is singular against poysons so that taken in drinke or often chewed it preserueth from the plague being taken alone it attenuateth flegmaticke and clammie humours And so doth the decoction of the roote thereof which doth readily heale the cough that comes through cold for it causeth one to spit out and voide all clammie fleame The same decoction receiued in wine or water healeth vlcers in the interior members dissolueth clotted blood and fortifieth the stomacke The roote beaten to powder is soueraigne against fainting of the hart other passions thereof It is singular against bitings of mad venimous beasts being laid thereupon with Rue or taken inwardly for which cause many of our moderne phisitions imploy it in their counterpoisons preseruatiues There is giuen halfe a dram of the root with a dram of treacle and the distilled water hereof to such as haue the plague who are constrained to sweat and seuen howers after to resume this drink and by this onely counterpoison some haue beene holpen This roote chewed and put into holow teeth asswageth the paine of them It also sweetneth the breath Whosoeuer shall hold a little peece thereof in his mouth or in the morning drinke two spoonefuls of wine wherein it hath beene steeped hee shall not easily bee infected with euill aire all day after The leaues thereof with the leaues of Rue and honie applied in a cataplasme heale the bitings of madde-dogs and stingings of serpents And being laide vpon his head that is sicke of an ague it attracteth to it selfe much of the heate of the ague Of Maidenhaire Maidenhaire also is a very exquisite plant much like vnto ferne but with smaller leaues set in order heere and there one ouer against another in fine smal branches sharpe in taste black and shining It is temperate in heate and coldenes and therefore it drieth purifieth and resolueth It is good to cause one spit and voide out of the breast and lungs all grosse and clammy humors It staieth the fluxe of the belly resolueth the kings euill and other tumors and being taken in drinke is singular for hardnes of water when one can make it but drop by drop it breaketh the stone The decoction also thereof is good for them that draw their breath with paine and is profitable for the spleene and against the iaundise And the herbe thereof being laid vpon the bitings of serpents is a singular remedie therefore To open also the infusion thereof made in parsley water or in endiue water or in broth of blacke chich-pease or in a little goats-milke is very good and adding sugar thereto it healeth inflammations of the side doth greatly prouoke vrine Briefly all the vertues that Phisitions attribute to Venus-haires called commonly Capilli Veneris agree with Maiden-haire Now AMANA let vs heare you choose out other plants for the subiect of your discourse Of Rheubarb Licorice Aloes Sene Saffron and Centurie Chapter 78. AMANA SIth that it is not our purpose to write an entire Historie concerning simples but onely to consider of the most excellent in their effects me seemeth that it is sufficient for vs so to make way to another matter to adde to our precedent discourses that which I intend nowe to speake concerning some singular plants amongst which I preferre Rheubarb to the first place which is very plentifull in all India The leaues of it are commonly two foote long broad aboue and so growing narrower towards the stalke Of Rheubarb and the excellent virtue thereof hauing a certaine cotton or as it were haire round about it as is cōmonly seene in the herb called in French Bouillon blane The stalk therof is but a foote high or little more and is all greene like the leaues In the middle thereof groweth out a very small branch hauing certaine flowers about it that enuiron it which are like vnto purple violets saue in colour onely which is different being white and blew of sharpe smell and very vnpleasant to their nose that smell thereat The roote is very deepe in the ground of a foote and an halfe long and as thicke as a mans arme some more some lesse and out of it there do many small ones sprout which before the great one be cut are digged vp with the principall to the end that it may more easily be cleft in peeces It is on the outside of an ashie colour and full of yellowish iuice while it is fresh and greene and so clammie that in touching thereof it causeth the fingers to sticke togither Now this roote is an excellent medicine gentle and without danger wherein many singularities requisite in a laxatiue simple are comprised And Rheubarb is best while it is greene of a blackish colour somewhat enclining to a redde and heauie although it be of a rare bodie and which being broken is mixed with red and skie colour within and being chewed waxeth as yellow as Saffron Besides it purgeth choler and flegme it clenseth and fortifieth the stomacke and liuer and healeth the paines and prickings of them It clarifieth the bloud openeth and healeth all maladies that proceed of stoppings as the iaundise the dropsie swelling of the spleene and long feauers It is good

elect a king to conduct them They alwaies soare very high so to make a farther discouerie of the countrey Euery troupe hath a captaine who is alwaies in the rereward at whose onely crie all the rest do obey and do keepe their rankes and order and each of them taketh his place by turnes They do also set their night watch and keepe sentinell one after another The sentinell standeth vpon one foote onely holding a little stone in the other to the end that if he happen to sleepe the stone which falleth out of his paw might waken him All the rest do this while sleepe hauing their head vnder their wing keeping watch neuertheles sometimes vpon one foote sometimes vpon another But their captaine holdeth his head alwaies in the aire to make signe to the rest of what they are to doe Of Storkes The Storkes are resident in winter in Egypt and in Africa and in sommer in many other warme countries When they will passe to any countrey they do all assemble in one place at a daie appointed and so depart in a troupe Some say they haue no toongs In Thumenestia this kinde of foule is had in such respect bicause they ridde the countrey of serpents that no man dare kill any one vpon paine of hanging and to be punished as an homicide for such are the lawes of the countrey And in Suessia the like is almost vsed The storkes do neuer change their nests and doe retaine this propertie by nature that the yoong ones nourish the old so long as they liue Of wilde-geese Wilde-geese are a kinde of wilde foules as the foresaid birds they make their squadrons pointed like the beake of a ship for so they cut the aire better then if they should flie in a square and they spred themselues abroad by little and little behinde like a corner the better to gaine the wind which guideth them The hindermost-doe commonly rest their heads vpon the foremost and when the guide is wearie of going before he commeth hindmost to the end that euery one may keepe his turne Of Quailes Quailes are also a kinde of flying foules very small of body but singular in diuers properties They soare not very high in the aire in these countries but flie neere to the ground They flie in troupes and that sometimes to the great danger of those which saile vpon the sea or are neere the ground For these birdes doe pearch in so great number by night vpon the sailes that they oftentimes sinke barkes and small vessels They know their ordinarie pearches and do neuer flie abroad in a south winde bicause it is too heauie and too moist and yet they must of necessitie be aided by the winde to performe their voyage by reason that their bodies are more heauie then their wings can sustaine And therefore they hang their wings as if they were pained with flying So then they make choise of the northerne winde for their comming And when they retire themselues they assemble their troupes If the winde be contrarie to them they swallow much grauell and take little stones in their tallents to make themselues more heauie that they may not be caried away by the winde Swallowes also are a kinde of wilde fowle Of Swallowes for they go away in winter But they retire not themselues verie far off but keepe in those coasts which are warmed with the Sunne many are seene bare and vnfledged This bird onely of all those that haue not crooked clawes doth feed on flesh One may put in the number of wilde fowles Blacke-birdes Thrushes Stares Other wilde foules Ringdoues and Pigeons although they vse not to retire to farre countries But they mew not as others doe neither keepe themselues close for they are vsually seene in the countrey where they winter The propertie of Stares is to go in a great troupe together and to flie in a round euerie one of them endeuouring to gaine the middle place The swallow onely of all other birds flieth askew is passing quick of wing so likewise is it hardest of all birds to be taken Moreouer it is peculiar to hir not to feed but in flying Thus then you see what I thought to deduce briefly concerning wilde-fowle You ASER shall prosecute the discourse of this matter Of singing birdes and chiefly of the Nightingall and of sundrie others and of their witte and industrie Chap. 53. ASER. NAture sheweth herselfe verie admirable in that she doth not produce euerie thing indifferently in all places nor doth priuiledge some countries rather then others as well for plants as for liuing creatures indued with sense so that many times that which men thinke to bring home for meere strangenes dieth before it come there To declare that it is verie difficult if not altogether impossible to make any thing liue in what place soeuer Rarenes and changes of many birdes against the ordinance of nature So it was that in the whole Isle of Rhodes there could not be found one only nest of an Eagle though that in the neighbouring territories there were ynough So though the lake of Como which is on the other side of the riuer Po in Italy be very plentiful in fruit trees faire pasturage yet for all this there cannot be found within eight miles almost one storke It is said also that in all Tarentum there is not one Wood-pecker to be found And in the territory of Athēs the partridges passe not the limits of Boeotia So in Mar Maggiore or the Euxine sea there is no fowle seene And in Volaterra the ring-doues are seene to come euerie yeere in great vollies ouer the sea But besides all this there is great difference in seasons for birdes for some appeere all the yeere long others shew themselues but halfe the yeere some are seen abroad but three moneths Some also go away presently after they haue hatched and brought vp their yoong ones But aboue all there are maruellous things found in singing birdes For some there are which chaunge their feathers and their note one season of the yeere so that one would say they were quite other birdes which happeneth not to the greater fowles except to the crane which waxeth blacke in age Black-birds Of blackbirdes which are naturally blacke being old become of a reddish colour They sing in sommer in winter they doe but chatter and are altogether dumbe when the daies begin to lengthen as about mid-December and the cockes of a yeere old haue an iuorie white bill Thrushes haue their necke particoloured in sommer but in winter it is all of one colour Of the Nightingale But amongst singing birdes the nightingal is most admirable For it is a miracle that so shrill a voice can proceed out of so small a bodie and that it can hold breath so long Moreouer it hath a verie harmonious note and perfectly musicall For sometimes shee draweth out her notes long another while shee quauers straightwaies she

The powder therof dried doth consolidate greene wounds if they be washed before with wine wherein rosemarie hath beene sodden and then the powder be strowed on afterwards The flowers thereof confected in sugar are good for all things aforesaide particularly against cold passions of the hart against maladies of the breast and against the plague The decoction of rosemarie made in water and taken in drinke doth heale the iaundise So likewise doth the seede being drunke with pepper and white wine In the plague time it is good to perfume the house with this plant for the fume thereof driueth away ill aires Cammomill also groweth abundantly amongst corne Of Cammomill and in the fieldes bearing yellow flowers enuironed with whitish leaues and is of a strong sauour But to mollifie resolue rarifie and loosen this plant is of singular operation And in this respect no medicine is better for wearie folkes then a bath of cammomill The leaues beaten and put into white wine make a profitable drinke to heale quotidian and quartan agues the decoction thereof drunke healeth paines in the side and so doth the water distilled of the flowers which flowers being gathered without leaues beaten in a morter formed with oile into trochisks afterwardes dissolued againe in oyle if they bee therewith rubbed and chafed which are troubled with feuers from the crowne of the head to the foote and that they presently goe into bed to sweate they shall be holpen bicause of the abundant heate that goeth out of their bodie Cammomill is especially good to dissolue feuers that are without inflammation of any chiefe intraile principally those which proceede from cholericke humors and thicknes of the skin Being taken in drinke or the fume thereof receiued in at the fundament it is a great helpe to voide vrine and grauell Of the Lillie The lillie is likewise very woorthie of consideration It beareth long leaues euer greene smooth and iuicie it hath a stalke of two cubits high round straight euen thicke and strong all clad with leaues from the bottome to the top At the top of the stalke growe three or fower little branches out of which issue small long heads of the colour of the herbe which in time become faire lillies of exquisite whitenesse crossed on the outside and the ends turned outwards round about At the bottome of the flower growe certaine yellow stalks as it were dustie on the vpper side of the fashion of toongs out of the midst of which groweth one long one hauing a round head of the colour of the herbe There is no flower so high and it surpasseth in beautie all other whitenesse Now for the vertue of this plant The leaues thereof are good beeing applied against the biting of serpents beeing boiled they heale burnings and confected in vineger are good for wounds water distilled of the flowers are profitable for women that are deliuered of childe with great difficulty and voideth out the after-burden beeing mixed with saffron and Cinamon The oile drawne out of those flowers is good against all cold diseases of the sinewes as cramps and palsies and to mollifie all stiffenes in the ioynts and all hard-swollen kernelles Lillies long time steeped in oile beeing applied hot do ripen hot impostumes without paine and do breake them especially such as are in the ioints And the bodie of the roots hath the same propertie For beeing boiled and braied with oile of roses they ripen impostumes and beeing braied with hony they heale cut and lame sinewes clense the head of scabs and clarifie the visage and make it smooth The seede of Lillies also taken in drink serueth against the bitings of serpents And the water that is distilled of the flowers in a limbeck doth take wrinkles out of womens faces and doth beautifie them very much Of Baulme Baulme is a very odoriferous plant and smelleth much like a Citron the stalke and leaues thereof are somewhat rough and many stalkes issue out of the roote The property of it is to reioyce the heart to comfort cold and moist stomacks to helpe digestion to euacuate the stoppings of the conduits of the braine to heale feeblenes and faintnes of hart to fortifie it being weake especially if the weakenes bee such that it oftentimes breaketh ones sleepe in the night moreouer this hearb staieth the panting of the hart driueth away cares and sad imaginations which proceede either from the melancholie humor or from fleame combust It hath also a laxatiue vertue not so feeble but that it clenseth and purgeth the spirits and bloud of the hart and arteries from all melancholie vapors which it cannot do to the other parts of the bodie The leaues thereof taken in drinke or outwardly applied are good against stingings of the Tarantula of Scorpions and against the biting of dogs and it is good to bath such wounds with the decoction thereof Beeing mixed with salt they are profitable against the kings euill and mundifie vlcers and beeing applied do asswage the paine of gowts They are vsed in clysters against the flux Also the leaues taken in drinke with niter are very good for them that are stopped by eating toad stooles or mushrums and in loch for them that are troubled with shrinking vp of the bellie and breath with such difficulty that they cannot do it except they stand vpright Grasse Of Dogs-tooth or Dogs-tooth is one of the commonest herbs in the field yea euen in leane grounds The branches thereof ly a long vpon the earth and are full of knots out of which and out of the top it often sendeth new rootes The leaues are very small and pointed it is maruailous in propertie For the decoction thereof taken in drinke healeth wringing in the bellie and hard making of water and breaketh the stone and grauell in the bladder The root braied and applied searcheth wounds And the iuice of the decoction thereof may bee vsed to the same effect which the herb also doth beeing beaten and keepeth wounds from all inflammation if to the decoction thereof bee put a little wine or hony and the third part of so much Pepper Myrrh Franckincense and be made to boile afterwards againe in some copper vessell it is a singular remedy for the tooth-ach and the rheume which falleth into the eies Grasse also that hath seuen spaces betwixt the knots is very good for the headach beeing bound about it It likewise stauncheth bleeding at nose The seede thereof doth greatly prouoke vrine and bindeth the bellie and staieth vomiting It is speciall good against byting of Dragons There is found in some places of Germany a certaine kinde of grasse which is tilled with as great care as other corne or pulse because the people vseth the seede thereof in their meats which seede they call Mama and they seeth it in pottage with fat meate and finde it as good as Rice It is smaller then millet and very white But it must bee beaten in a morter to vnhuske it Of

the ship on dry land Lib. 3. Plinie recordeth many other wonders concerning these beasts saying that they honour the stars and principally the sunne and moone that some haue beene seene who beeing sicke haue fallen downe back-wards casting vp herbes towards heauen as if they would offer vp the fruits of the earth in sacrifice and praier to obtaine succour from aboue that all of them doe honour a king and fall downe vpon their knees before him and that they bring chaplets of hearbes and flowers vnto him Hist nat lib. 8. That some of them haue beene seene to record by themselues in the night time that which they haue beene taught in the day time to the ende that they might the better put it in practise That marching in troupes the eldest amongst them goeth formost as captaine and another behinde them as ordering the rereward that intending to passe any riuer they put the yoongest elephants formost knowing that the great elephants would sinke lower because of their excessiue heauines and would by that meanes make the fourd more difficult to passe by reason of the water which would gather there That they doe no harme except they be prouoked thereto and also that they are so gentle towards other weake beasts that passing by a flocke of small cattell they will gently turne backe with their heads all those beasts which they meete for feare of hurting them or treading them vnder their feete They are verie long liued euen to two hundred or three hundred yeeres as Aristotle affirmeth and when the male and female couple together as man and woman they withdraw themselues for this purpose into most secret and hidden places and the females bear their yoong ones for two yeeres together and do neuer bring foorth but one and that but once onely in their life Of their teeth is the true iuorie made but because there are but few to be had therefore some saw and cut in pieces the bones of Elephants which they sell for iuorie Moreouer Historiographers report that the first time that Elephants were seene at Rome was in the triumph of Pompey after he had subdued Africke for he had two yoked to his chariot and that in the turnies and fence-playes which Germanicus Caesar made to shew pastime to the people of Rome there were Elephants that leaped as if they would skippe and daunce and that fortie two Elephants were brought in triumph to Rome after the memorable victorie which Ruscius Metellus did obtaine in Sicily against the Carthaginians Of the Cammell The camell is also a verie tractable beast and profitable to man verie ingenious and apt to receiue discipline For they serue to ride vpon to beare great burthens and also to shew men pastime in many exercises which is taught them by vse There are some in all parts of the world but they abound in Africa And the Arabians hold them for their greatest riches and possessions There are three kindes of them one whereof is verie great another sort are verie little these two kindes hauing but one bunch vpon their backes and the other are of meane stature and haue two bunches each whereof are fit to carrie burthens and to ride vpon also besides some of them resemble asses in colour and some are reddish and they haue their hoofes almost clouen in two but not exactly so that their foote expresseth a kinde of semblance of fiue toes fleshie vnderneath which maketh them tender in stonie places The best Camels are those of Africa because they beare their charges for the space of fortie daies together without euer eating any oates but onely such grasse as is in the fields or some boughes and their least burthen is of a thousand waight being by a naturall instinct so vrged to the seruice of man that with the least touch which may be vpon their necke or knees they will presently bend and kneele vpon the ground to receiue their loade which when they feele to be answerable to their strength they rise againe vpon their feete There are some of them so swift that they will run fiftie miles and more in one day but these are of small stature being good for nothing but to ride vpon The noblemen of Arabia Numidia and Africans of Lybia do neuer vse other steeds And when the king of Tombuto would haue any matter of importance to be signified to the merchants of Numidia with speed he sendeth a Poste vpon one of his camels who runneth from Tombuto to Darha or Segelmessa in the space of seuen or eight daies which are about fower hundred and fiftie French miles being a countrey full of deserts so that the way is verie hard to finde out but by the verie direction of the Camell it selfe When these beasts are lustie which lasteth for fortie daies together with them they waxe verie fierce and outragious and will remember the least blow that their masters shall strike them with a sticke so that if they may fasten their teeth vpon any of them they will lift them vp into the aire then cast them downe againe and murther them with their fore-feete in terrible and grieuous manner but that time being passed they become gentle and tractable as before They neuer drinke but from fiue daies to fiue daies and sometimes they stay nine or fifteene daies whether it be by custome or that this beast is drie or else that Nature hath so well prouided that this creature which liueth in deserts should haue no need to drinke oftentimes in those places where water is seldome found He daunceth at the sound of the trumpet and seemeth to reioice at musicke refreshing himselfe and taking new courage then when being tyred with a tedious iourney his guide beginneth to sing some merrie song Lib. 9. and some also haue beene seene to daunce at the sound of a tabor as the Author of the description of Africa doth testifie Now speake we of the Rhinoceros which is named by some the Bull of India being admirable amongst other beasts Of the Rhinoceros For he is almost as big as the Elephant his thighes are bigger of the colour of wood being all naturally armed with shels which he beareth like bucklers He hath in the vppermost part of his forehead an horne for the length of a span or more very hard strong straight and verie sharpe which turneth towards the forehead and when he will fight he whetteth it And there are some also which haue another little horne vpon the skinne of their backe which is so hard and difficult to penetrate that no arrow how sharpe soeuer it be can pierce it thorough And therefore the Indians arme themselues with their skins as we doe with harneis and murrions and couer their horses with it as we doe ours with barbs and armour This beast hath continuall warre with the Elephant and is his great enemie fighting chiefly with him yea and with all other beasts when the female bringeth foorth her yoong ones of which