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know_v and_o so_o much_o as_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o tell_v we_o which_o in_o this_o particular_a be_v that_o i_o be_o now_o to_o tell_v you_o and_o it_o consist_v in_o two_o thing_n one_o that_o phalanges_fw-la be_v not_o always_o sixteen_o deep_a and_o second_o that_o they_o want_v not_o always_o reserve_v to_o prove_v both_o be_v please_v to_o take_v the_o follow_a instance_n at_o deâ—â—s_n when_o the_o athenian_n fight_v with_o the_o theban_n and_o other_o boeotian_o the_o phalanges_fw-la be_v all_o of_o they_o eight_o dâ—â—p_n and_o all_o deep_a phalanges_fw-la eight_o deep_a of_o they_o have_v reserve_v at_o leuctra_n epaminondas_n his_o foot_n batallion_n be_v all_o marshal_v in_o eight_o rank_n at_o siracusa_n when_o the_o athenian_a general_n niciaâ—_n be_v to_o fight_v he_o place_v his_o auxiliary_n in_o the_o two_o wing_n his_o athenian_n he_o divide_v into_o two_o great_a body_n the_o half_a whereof_o he_o marshal_v in_o the_o battle_n between_o the_o two_o wing_n the_o 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that_o day_n for_o he_o charge_v the_o persian_a batallion_n both_o with_o his_o horse_n and_o foot_n but_o the_o meaning_n must_v be_v that_o he_o order_v some_o horse_n and_o foot_n at_o a_o distance_n from_o his_o main_a battle_n to_o face_n to_o the_o rear_n for_o prevent_v any_o misfortune_n there_o and_o the_o like_a he_o do_v on_o both_o his_o flank_n but_o all_o these_o when_o his_o main_a battle_n move_v face_v to_o the_o van_n and_o advance_v with_o it_o and_o when_o it_o stand_v they_o take_v up_o their_o former_a distance_n and_o face_v as_o they_o be_v appoint_v and_o all_o this_o be_v do_v lest_o his_o army_n small_a in_o comparison_n of_o that_o with_o darius_n shall_v be_v surround_v if_o the_o army_n he_o be_v afraid_a to_o
to_o be_v these_o which_o follow_v in_o his_o observation_n of_o the_o advantage_n and_o disadvantage_n of_o both_o the_o phalanx_n be_v compose_v of_o sixteen_o rank_n and_o of_o one_o thousand_o twenty_o phalange_n first_o advantage_n of_o the_o phalange_n four_o file_n of_o lusty_a well_o arm_v man_n and_o at_o its_o close_a order_n or_o constipation_n so_o long_o as_o it_o be_v able_a to_o preserve_v its_o â—orce_n it_o bear_v down_o all_o before_o it_o for_o at_o that_o posture_n every_o combatant_n take_v up_o but_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a of_o ground_n and_o suppose_v their_o pike_n but_o eighteen_o foot_n long_o whereas_o the_o sarissas_n be_v twenty_o one_o of_o length_n you_o may_v easy_o compute_v the_o point_n of_o the_o five_o rank_n or_o if_o you_o will_v of_o the_o six_o rank_n to_o extend_v three_o foot_n before_o the_o first_o rank_n of_o all_o which_o i_o have_v speak_v enough_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o gracian_a militia_n now_o though_o all_o the_o rank_n behind_o the_o six_o be_v useless_a as_o to_o the_o present_v their_o pike_n or_o wound_v a_o enemy_n yet_o by_o the_o weight_n and_o strength_n of_o their_o body_n they_o assist_v the_o impression_n of_o the_o first_o six_o rank_n help_v the_o charge_n to_o be_v more_o forcible_a and_o take_v away_o all_o possibility_n from_o those_o that_o be_v before_o they_o to_o turn_v their_o back_n upon_o the_o enemy_n but_o this_o phalange_n must_v have_v such_o a_o disadvantage_n its_o first_o disadvantage_n ground_n that_o it_o may_v open_v and_o close_o at_o pleasure_n and_o that_o ground_n must_v be_v plain_a and_o even_o without_o the_o encumbrance_n of_o wood_n tree_n bush_n hedge_n ditch_n enclosure_n rise_v hill_n and_o hollow_a ground_n for_o any_o of_o these_o be_v sufficient_a to_o disorder_v it_o in_o its_o part_n and_o that_o be_v once_o do_v a_o enemy_n with_o little_a or_o no_o danger_n may_v enter_v at_o the_o void_a place_n of_o that_o great_a body_n when_o it_o be_v disjoin_v and_o swordman_n be_v once_o within_o the_o point_n of_o the_o pike_n the_o pike-man_n be_v a_o prey_n to_o they_o especial_o to_o the_o roman_a legionary_n who_o beside_o short_a sword_n carry_v likewise_o semispathâ—_n which_o i_o english_a dagger_n now_o say_v polybius_n such_o a_o champaign_n such_o a_o field_n as_o we_o have_v describe_v not_o be_v to_o be_v find_v every_o where_o the_o phalange_n must_v of_o necessity_n stay_v where_o it_o have_v meâ—_n with_o such_o a_o ground_n and_o march_v from_o it_o and_o accept_v of_o such_o as_o time_n place_n or_o occasion_n offer_v as_o all_o army_n must_v do_v if_o the_o first_o then_o have_v a_o enemy_n free_a liberty_n to_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o country_n to_o besiege_v and_o force_v town_n and_o take_v all_o other_o manner_n of_o advantage_n if_o the_o second_o and_o that_o the_o field_n prove_v improper_a for_o the_o phalange_n than_o the_o enemy_n take_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o ground_n enter_v at_o the_o void_a place_n and_o have_v so_o disarrayed_a it_o quick_o overthrow_v it_o next_o polybius_n grant_v that_o the_o phalange_n have_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o legion_n in_o this_o that_o three_o foot_n be_v advantage_n its_o second_o advantage_n allow_v between_o two_o legionary_n whereof_o i_o have_v speak_v in_o my_o discourse_n of_o interval_n and_o but_o half_a so_o much_o to_o two_o phalangites_n when_o they_o be_v both_o to_o fight_v it_o follow_v that_o every_o legionary_a have_v two_o phalangites_n in_o front_n of_o he_o and_o consequent_o twelve_o pike_n present_v to_o he_o for_o it_o be_v already_o grant_v that_o the_o point_n of_o the_o pike_n of_o the_o six_o rank_n may_v be_v extend_v before_o the_o first_o rank_n so_o by_o this_o account_n there_o be_v twelve_o man_n against_o one_o a_o advantage_n in_o nature_n irresistible_a but_o on_o the_o other_o part_n the_o phalangites_n can_v not_o fight_v in_o maniple_n â—ohorts_n or_o small_a body_n for_o be_v disadvantage_n its_o second_o disadvantage_n separate_v or_o divide_v they_o be_v quick_o break_v the_o legionary_n be_v so_o aâ—med_v and_o that_o they_o can_v fight_v any_o way_n either_o in_o a_o great_a or_o small_a body_n or_o man_n to_o man_n at_o any_o time_n or_o in_o any_o place_n let_v the_o encumbrance_n be_v what_o they_o will_n let_v we_o resume_v all_o this_o and_o say_v in_o one_o word_n polybius_n prefer_v the_o legion_n to_o the_o phalange_n because_o the_o essential_a propriety_n of_o the_o phalange_n be_v to_o fight_v close_o together_o and_o so_o long_o as_o it_o be_v able_a to_o keep_v so_o it_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v down_o the_o legion_n but_o sure_o it_o can_v but_o seldom_o keep_v in_o one_o entire_a body_n the_o legion_n by_o its_o order_n and_o constitution_n be_v apt_a to_o fight_v in_o small_a or_o little_a body_n and_o to_o divide_v according_a to_o opportunity_n and_o emergency_n can_v ready_o enter_v at_o the_o void_a place_n of_o the_o phalange_n whether_o these_o be_v in_o the_o van_n rear_n or_o flank_n and_o overthrow_v it_o as_o often_o it_o do_v i_o shall_v presume_v to_o add_v two_o other_o advantage_n that_o i_o think_v the_o legion_n have_v of_o phalange_n a_o legion_n three_o advantage_n over_o the_o phalange_n the_o phalange_n which_o polybius_n have_v not_o mention_v the_o first_o the_o phalange_n fight_v all_o in_o one_o body_n the_o legion_n in_o three_o body_n successive_o one_o after_o another_o so_o that_o if_o the_o hasâ—aâ—â—_n charge_v brisk_o they_o may_v put_v the_o great_a body_n of_o the_o phalange_n in_o some_o disorder_n and_o they_o retire_v the_o principes_fw-la find_v it_o in_o some_o discomposure_n may_v disorder_v it_o so_o that_o the_o triarii_n come_v fresh_a to_o the_o charge_n may_v have_v a_o very_a cheap_a market_n of_o it_o the_o second_o advantage_n which_o i_o conceive_v the_o legion_n have_v of_o the_o phalange_n advantage_n a_o legion_n four_o advantage_n be_v in_o its_o large_a front_n which_o i_o offer_v to_o make_v appear_v thus_o the_o great_a phalange_n consist_v of_o sixteen_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o eighty_o four_o heavy_a arm_v these_o marshal_v sixteen_o deep_a and_o so_o their_o front_n consist_v of_o one_o thousand_o twenty_o four_o man_n to_o who_o you_o be_v to_o allow_v one_o thousand_o twenty_o four_o foot_n for_o they_o to_o stand_v on_o when_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v they_o have_v no_o more_o but_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a allow_v between_o file_n and_o therefore_o for_o one_o thousand_o twenty_o four_o file_n allow_v one_o thousand_o twenty_o three_o distance_n and_o for_o these_o fifteen_o hundred_o thirty_o four_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a add_v these_o the_o aggregate_v be_v two_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o fifty_o eight_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a thus_o much_o ground_n and_o no_o more_o do_v the_o phalange_n take_v up_o in_o its_o longitude_n when_o it_o be_v to_o fight_v the_o legion_n be_v compose_v of_o three_o body_n who_o be_v marshal_v one_o behind_o another_o the_o hastati_fw-la have_v the_o first_o batallion_n and_o be_v divide_v into_o ten_o maniple_n in_o every_o one_o of_o which_o be_v one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o man_n these_o be_v marshal_v ten_o deep_a and_o so_o each_o maniple_n be_v twelve_o man_n in_o front_n for_o who_o allow_v twelve_o foot_n to_o stand_v on_o and_z as_o both_o polybius_n and_o vegetius_n do_v allow_v three_o foot_n between_o file_n twelve_o file_n have_v eleven_o distance_n and_o for_o they_o you_o must_v have_v thirty_o three_o foot_n add_v thirty_o three_o to_o twelve_o make_v forty_o five_o so_o much_o ground_n do_v every_o maniple_n possess_v in_o front_n â—n_o every_o batallion_n be_v ten_o maniple_n multiply_v then_o forty_o five_o by_o ten_o the_o product_n will_v be_v four_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o you_o may_v remember_v that_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o demonstrate_v that_o these_o ten_o maniple_n have_v nine_o interval_n and_o every_o interval_n must_v have_v as_o much_o ground_n allow_v to_o it_o as_o the_o maniple_n that_o be_v forty_o five_o foot_n multiply_v forty_o five_o by_o nine_o the_o product_n be_v four_o hundred_o and_o five_o add_v four_o hundred_o and_o five_o to_o four_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o the_o aggregate_v be_v eight_o hundred_o fifty_o five_o foot_n and_o so_o much_o ground_n do_v the_o hastâ—ati_fw-la of_o one_o legion_n possess_v in_o a_o consular_a army_n there_o be_v four_o legion_n than_o you_o be_v to_o multiply_v eight_o hundred_o fifty_o five_o by_o four_o and_o the_o product_n will_v prove_v to_o be_v three_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o and_o so_o much_o ground_n do_v the_o hastati_fw-la of_o a_o consular_a army_n take_v up_o in_o front_n now_o here_o the_o hastati_fw-la be_v reckon_v to_o be_v but_o twelve_o hundred_o the_o legion_n according_a to_o polybius_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v but_o four_o thousand_o two_o
march_v every_o day_n in_o armour_n for_o custom_n be_v another_o nature_n but_o this_o point_n of_o exercise_v be_v general_o neglect_v but_o second_o i_o say_v if_o ratio_fw-la belli_fw-la or_o the_o present_a necessity_n of_o affair_n require_v such_o a_o speedy_a and_o continuate_v march_n than_o such_o a_o army_n as_o ordinary_o we_o call_v a_o fly_a one_o shall_v be_v make_v use_n of_o consist_v of_o light_a horse_n dragoon_n and_o musqueteer_n and_o the_o heavy_a arm_a horse_n and_o foot_n shall_v be_v leave_v to_o march_v after_o with_o as_o much_o haste_n as_o convenient_o they_o can_v to_o who_o the_o light_n arm_v in_o case_n of_o necessity_n may_v easy_o make_v their_o retreat_n for_o to_o bring_v these_o heavy_a arm_a forward_a as_o i_o tell_v you_o the_o roman_n and_o grecian_n do_v and_o then_o permit_v they_o to_o cast_v away_o their_o defensive_a arm_n be_v to_o denude_v yourself_o of_o the_o strength_n of_o your_o force_n and_o army_n our_o modern_a army_n as_o the_o ancient_a one_o consist_v of_o heavy_a and_o light_o arm_v as_o well_o horse_n as_o foot_n in_o the_o cavalry_n the_o cuirassier_n be_v the_o heavy_a arm_v and_o the_o pikeman_n in_o the_o infantry_n the_o strength_n of_o all_o army_n ever_o be_v and_o be_v the_o infantry_n and_o the_o strength_n of_o it_o be_v the_o heavy_a arm_v he_o who_o be_v in_o good_a armour-fights_a with_o courage_n as_o fear_v no_o wound_n and_o frighten_v he_o with_o who_o he_o fight_v that_o be_v not_o so_o well_o arm_v pikeman_n then_o compose_v the_o body_n army_n pike_n man_n the_o body_n of_o the_o infantry_n and_o it_o of_o the_o army_n of_o the_o infantry_n and_o the_o man_n of_o arm_n the_o body_n of_o the_o cavalry_n shall_v be_v arm_v so_o that_o they_o may_v appear_v to_o a_o enemy_n when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o shock_n as_o a_o brazen_a or_o iron_n wall_n it_o be_v true_a a_o batallion_n of_o pike_n without_o defensive_a arm_n may_v be_v ser_v together_o hinder_v a_o troop_n of_o horse_n from_o get_v in_o among_o they_o but_o their_o head_n and_o body_n be_v naked_a and_o have_v nothing_o on_o either_o of_o they_o to_o resist_v the_o force_n of_o a_o carabine_n or_o pistol-ball_n except_o it_o be_v a_o buffcoat_n and_o for_o most_o part_n not_o that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v fancy_v but_o a_o volley_n of_o shot_n from_o a_o body_n of_o horse_n stand_v without_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o point_n of_o pike_n will_v make_v many_o of_o the_o pikeman_n fall_v which_o will_v so_o disorder_v their_o body_n that_o a_o sudden_a charge_n of_o horse_n will_v easy_o break_v it_o this_o be_v a_o great_a defect_n of_o our_o modern_a militia_n of_o which_o most_o nation_n be_v now_o guilty_a for_o though_o in_o all_o their_o constitution_n of_o war_n there_o be_v a_o appointment_n for_o heavy_a arm_a horse_n and_o foot_n yet_o when_o we_o see_v batallion_n of_o pike_n we_o see_v they_o every_o where_o naked_a unless_o it_o be_v in_o the_o netherlands_o where_o some_o and_o but_o some_o company_n represent_v the_o ancient_a militia_n and_o we_o find_v a_o universal_a deâ—ect_n in_o the_o cavalry_n as_o to_o the_o heavy_a arm_v there_o be_v but_o few_o curiassier_n in_o many_o army_n and_o in_o very_a many_o none_o of_o they_o at_o all_o to_o be_v see_v since_o the_o invention_n of_o gun_n we_o find_v till_o these_o latter_a time_n all_o nation_n do_v allow_v defensive_a arm_n to_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o service_n that_o be_v to_o be_v require_v of_o they_o the_o cavalry_n be_v ordinary_o divide_v into_o curiassier_n and_o harquebusier_n but_o i_o shall_v speak_v of_o that_o more_o full_o afterward_o the_o first_o be_v to_o be_v complete_o arm_v man_n and_o horse_n and_o those_o we_o call_v man_n horseman_n defensive_a arm_n for_o horseman_n at_o arm_n and_o the_o french_a gens_n d'arm_v which_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n the_o harquebusier_n have_v a_o head-piece_n back_n and_o breast_n their_o horse_n no_o arm_n at_o all_o but_o now_o for_o most_o part_n the_o case_n be_v alter_v and_o instead_o of_o curiassier_n we_o have_v harquebusier_n and_o instead_o of_o harquebusier_n we_o have_v horseman_n only_o arm_v offensive_o here_o i_o must_v answer_v a_o objection_n which_o be_v this_o if_o the_o armour_n for_o horseman_n be_v not_o musket-proof_n either_o the_o bullet_n pierce_v through_o or_o beat_v the_o iron_n into_o the_o horsemans_n body_n which_o be_v equal_o dangerous_a and_o if_o it_o be_v proof_n it_o be_v exceed_o troublesome_a to_o both_o man_n and_o horse_n but_o i_o answer_v that_o there_o have_v be_v and_o be_v at_o this_o day_n arm_n make_v that_o be_v proof_n and_o of_o no_o considerable_a weight_n and_o it_o be_v suppose_v a_o curiassier_n shall_v be_v of_o a_o strong_a body_n and_o shall_v ride_v a_o horse_n that_o for_o height_n and_o strength_n shall_v be_v fit_a for_o that_o service_n wherein_o both_o he_o and_o his_o rider_n be_v to_o be_v employ_v as_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o afterward_o the_o heavy_a arm_a foot-soldier_n or_o pikeman_n shall_v have_v a_o head-piece_n a_o pikeman_n for_o pikeman_n back_n and_o breast_n a_o belly-piece_n taslet_n for_o their_o thigh_n and_o grieve_v for_o their_o arm_n the_o armour_n for_o their_o head_n breast_n and_o belly_n shall_v be_v carrabineproof_n and_o that_o for_o their_o back_n pistol-proof_n but_o we_o shall_v rare_o see_v a_o batallion_n of_o pike_n in_o such_o harness_n and_o no_o wonder_n since_o the_o pike_n itself_o be_v not_o now_o use_v so_o much_o as_o it_o have_v be_v and_o still_o shall_v be_v of_o which_o i_o shall_v speak_v at_o length_n in_o its_o proper_a place_n but_o here_o it_o will_v be_v fit_a that_o i_o speak_v of_o the_o supine_n carelessness_n and_o inexcusable_a inadvertency_n of_o officer_n and_o commander_n in_o their_o levy_n who_o take_v no_o notice_n to_o make_v a_o difference_n of_o those_o who_o be_v to_o carry_v musket_n and_o pike_n distribute_v they_o promiscuous_o to_o the_o 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better_a than_o pistol-proof_n if_o it_o be_v so_o good_a yet_o it_o encourage_v they_o who_o wear_v it_o and_o if_o as_o i_o say_v before_o they_o be_v exercise_v train_v and_o accustom_a with_o it_o it_o will_v not_o at_o all_o be_v troublesome_a to_o they_o either_o in_o their_o march_n or_o on_o service_n for_o we_o find_v the_o ancient_a light_n arm_v especial_o among_o the_o roman_n pretty_a well_o arm_v for_o defence_n and_o from_o thence_o they_o have_v the_o name_n of_o light_n arm_v to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o the_o heavy_a arm_a legionary_n i_o think_v i_o may_v in_o this_o place_n reckon_v the_o swedish_n feather_n among_o the_o defensive_a feather_n swedish_n feather_n arm_n though_o it_o do_v participate_v of_o both_o defence_n and_o offence_n it_o be_v a_o stake_n five_o or_o six_o foot_n long_o and_o about_o four_o finger_n thick_a with_o a_o piece_n of_o sharp_a iron_n nail_v to_o each_o end_n of_o it_o by_o the_o one_o it_o be_v make_v fast_o in_o the_o ground_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o the_o other_o end_n lie_v out_o so_o that_o it_o may_v meet_v with_o the_o breast_n of_o a_o horse_n whereby_o a_o body_n of_o musketeer_n be_v defend_v as_o with_o a_o pallisado_n against_o the_o rude_a charge_n of_o a_o squadron_n of_o horse_n which_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n they_o gall_v and_o disorder_n with_o their_o shot_n i_o have_v see_v they_o make_v use_n of_o in_o germany_n and_o before_o i_o leave_v that_o war_n see_v they_o likewise_o wear_v out_o of_o use_n when_o the_o infantry_n by_o several_a regiment_n or_o brigade_n be_v draw_v up_o in_o battle_n and_o the_o pike_n and_o those_o stake_n fix_v in_o the_o ground_n they_o make_v a_o delightful_a show_n represent_v a_o wood_n the_o pike_n resemble_v the_o tall_a
argument_n seven_o argument_n enemy_n will_v send_v horseman_n and_o musketeer_n against_o they_o who_o will_v kill_v they_o all_o and_o never_o come_v near_o they_o to_o answer_v this_o i_o must_v tell_v he_o that_o here_o answer_v answer_v and_o in_o most_o of_o his_o argument_n he_o presuppose_v still_o a_o body_n of_o pike_n subsist_v of_o itself_o without_o either_o horseman_n or_o fire-man_n which_o alter_v the_o question_n and_o this_o be_v a_o speculative_a notion_n of_o he_o for_o that_o which_o i_o defend_v be_v that_o pikeman_n be_v necessary_a in_o a_o army_n and_o the_o strength_n and_o body_n of_o a_o army_n not_o that_o they_o be_v the_o only_a necessary_a member_n of_o a_o army_n i_o never_o mean_v that_o and_o that_o which_o he_o undertake_v to_o prove_v be_v that_o they_o be_v not_o at_o all_o necessary_a and_o here_o he_o mention_n general_n morgan_n retreat_n with_o some_o english_a regiment_n from_o the_o long_a line_n in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o verdun_n in_o which_o he_o inform_v we_o that_o the_o business_n be_v not_o perform_v by_o the_o pike_n i_o shall_v not_o here_o speak_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o retreat_n reserve_v that_o discourse_n to_o another_o place_n but_o because_o i_o have_v traverse_v most_o of_o that_o ground_n often_o than_o once_o i_o shall_v tell_v my_o reader_n that_o christian_a the_o four_o king_n of_o denmark_n have_v make_v a_o unprosperous_a war_n against_o ferdinand_n the_o second_o retire_v himself_o to_o his_o duchy_n of_o hâ—lstein_n general_n retreat_n morgan_n retreat_n morgan_n be_v force_v by_o the_o imperial_a lieutenant_n general_n tili_n to_o retire_v from_o the_o long_a line_n to_o a_o place_n call_v burg_n within_o four_o english_a mile_n of_o bremen_n this_o place_n be_v but_o pitiful_o fortify_v give_v he_o only_a time_n to_o breath_n and_o leave_v some_o man_n in_o it_o who_o be_v give_v for_o lose_a the_o english_a general_n march_v towards_o bremerford_n a_o strong_a castle_n and_o a_o pass_n twelve_o english_a mile_n from_o burg_n tili_n pursue_v and_o in_o the_o pursuit_n kill_v and_o take_v many_o english_a at_o bremerford_n morgan_n rest_v but_o little_a yet_o it_o be_v a_o pass_n it_o cast_v tili_n so_o far_o behind_o that_o morgan_n with_o some_o more_o losâ—_n get_v into_o the_o town_n of_o stead_n with_o the_o gross_a of_o his_o army_n here_o he_o be_v besiege_v by_o tili_n which_o he_o gallant_o defend_v till_o for_o want_v of_o succour_n he_o yield_v the_o place_n on_o honourable_a condition_n now_o what_o do_v all_o this_o militate_fw-la against_o the_o use_n of_o the_o pike_n nothing_o that_o i_o know_v of_o mr._n lupton_n say_v the_o pike_n perform_v not_o the_o retreat_n i_o grant_v not_o alone_o neither_o do_v the_o musketeer_n but_o both_o do_v together_o and_o in_o most_o of_o that_o ground_n the_o pike_n can_v not_o but_o be_v very_o serviceable_a against_o the_o imperial_a horse_n he_o say_v many_o musketeer_n be_v lose_v i_o believe_v he_o and_o so_o be_v many_o pikeman_n and_o who_o know_v not_o that_o in_o retreat_n both_o pike-man_n and_o musketeer_n must_v be_v leave_v behind_o and_o give_v for_o lose_v for_o they_o be_v the_o true_a enfans_fw-fr perdus_fw-fr there_o be_v no_o wise_a patient_n but_o will_v choose_v rather_o to_o suffer_v his_o arm_n or_o leg_n to_o be_v cut_v off_o rather_o than_o lose_v his_o whole_a body_n and_o better_o save_v a_o part_n of_o a_o army_n than_o lose_v all_o and_o in_o that_o place_n our_o author_n take_v occasion_n to_o instance_n some_o as_o he_o think_v disadvantage_n that_o morgan_n have_v by_o his_o pike-man_n i_o shall_v not_o contradict_v he_o but_o shall_v tell_v he_o for_o all_o that_o that_o when_o that_o general_n return_v to_o holland_n to_o the_o service_n of_o his_o old_a master_n the_o estate_n i_o never_o hear_v that_o he_o offer_v to_o advise_v the_o then_o prince_n of_o orange_n to_o banish_v the_o pike_n as_o a_o unnecessary_a weapon_n out_o of_o his_o army_n or_o if_o he_o do_v he_o prevail_v as_o little_a with_o he_o as_o mr._n lupton_n do_v with_o the_o earl_n of_o essex_n to_o do_v the_o like_a to_o who_o he_o dedicate_v this_o book_n which_o i_o now_o endeavour_v to_o examine_v eight_o he_o say_v pike-man_n be_v not_o able_a to_o resist_v a_o charge_n of_o horse_n and_o argument_n eight_o argument_n why_o so_o true_o if_o they_o can_v do_v that_o i_o agree_v they_o be_v useless_a because_o say_v he_o the_o horseman_n may_v stand_v one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o yard_n distance_n from_o they_o and_o bestow_v both_o their_o pistol_n and_o carabine_n shoot_v upon_o they_o and_o be_v in_o no_o danger_n of_o their_o pike_n i_o answer_v first_o if_o horseman_n come_v no_o answer_v answer_v near_a pike-man_n than_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o yard_n their_o pistol_n will_v do_v they_o little_a hurt_n second_o this_o argument_n presuppose_v once_o more_o a_o batallion_n of_o pike_n without_o either_o fire-man_n or_o horseman_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v of_o no_o force_n three_o it_o presuppose_v that_o the_o pike-man_n be_v oblige_v to_o stand-still_a and_o receive_v all_o the_o horseman_n shot_n and_o never_o move_v but_o i_o must_v add_v that_o while_o the_o horseman_n be_v fire_v if_o the_o pike-man_n advance_v upon_o they_o it_o will_v undeniable_o produce_v one_o of_o these_o three_o effect_n either_o it_o will_v necessitate_v the_o horseman_n to_o charge_n through_o the_o foot_n which_o they_o can_v do_v without_o loss_n if_o they_o do_v it_o at_o all_o and_o so_o they_o will_v neither_o kill_v nor_o rout_n the_o pike-man_n at_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o yard_n distance_n or_o it_o will_v force_v the_o horseman_n to_o stand_v still_o which_o will_v be_v a_o great_a danger_n and_o loss_n or_o it_o will_v make_v they_o quit_v the_o field_n the_o great_a loss_n of_o all_o by_o quit_v the_o fâ—â—ld_n i_o mean_v the_o horse_n man_n must_v either_o fly_v or_o caragol_n by_o either_o of_o which_o the_o pike-man_n be_v master_n of_o that_o ground_n the_o horse_n stand_v on_o till_o another_o squadron_n of_o horse_n advance_v against_o they_o and_o endeavour_v to_o remove_v they_o from_o it_o who_o perhaps_o may_v have_v the_o same_o success_n nine_o he_o say_v the_o arm_v a_o pikeman_n he_o suppose_v with_o defensive_a as_o argument_n nine_o argument_n well_o as_o offensive_a arm_n be_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o expensive_a to_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n than_o the_o arm_a a_o musketeer_n for_o he_o say_v a_o musketeer_n may_v be_v complete_o arm_v for_o twenty_o two_o or_o twenty_o four_o shilling_n sterling_n a_o pikeman_n not_o under_o thirty_o five_o but_o this_o be_v a_o superfluous_a argument_n for_o if_o he_o once_o demonstrate_v answer_v answer_v the_o uselessness_n of_o the_o pike_n it_o shall_v be_v ready_o grant_v he_o that_o neither_o prince_n noâ—_n state_n shall_v bestow_v any_o thing_n for_o arm_v a_o pikeman_n but_o if_o a_o pike_n be_v still_o find_v necessary_a than_o it_o will_v be_v a_o ill_a piece_n of_o frugality_n in_o either_o prince_n or_o state_n to_o save_v that_o money_n that_o shall_v arm_v pike-man_n his_o ten_o argument_n he_o frame_v by_o tell_v we_o how_o exceed_o troublesome_a argument_n ten_o argument_n and_o burdensome_a a_o pike_n with_o defensive_a arm_n be_v and_o how_o in_o time_n of_o excessive_a heat_n a_o pikeman_n on_o a_o march_n be_v imprison_v in_o his_o arm_n whereas_o a_o musketeer_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o liberty_n be_v free_a and_o open_a to_o the_o air_n in_o answer_n to_o which_o first_o observe_v that_o the_o musketeer_n have_v not_o always_o reason_n to_o complain_v answer_v answer_v for_o do_v all_o the_o duty_n as_o mr._n lupton_n maintain_v in_o his_o five_o argument_n for_o here_o the_o pikeman_n endure_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o day_n second_o if_o this_o gentleman_n have_v live_v with_o the_o ancient_a grecian_n and_o roman_n and_o with_o many_o prince_n since_o their_o time_n he_o have_v if_o they_o will_v have_v be_v rule_v by_o he_o save_v they_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o money_n and_o have_v give_v their_o best_a soldier_n a_o great_a deal_n of_o ease_n for_o he_o have_v make_v all_o their_o infantry_n to_o consist_v of_o velite_n or_o light-armed_n after_o all_o these_o argument_n mr._n lupton_n show_v we_o that_o one_o branâ—atio_n a_o famous_a brancatio_fw-la brancatio_fw-la warrior_n as_o he_o call_v he_o give_v his_o judgement_n for_o the_o uselessness_n of_o the_o pike_n which_o say_v lupton_n with_o all_o wise_a commander_n shall_v be_v of_o great_a authority_n but_o unless_o brancatio_n give_v better_a reason_n for_o his_o opinion_n than_o mr._n lupton_n have_v do_v his_o judgement_n shall_v be_v of_o no_o authority_n with_o i_o and_o therefore_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o i_o be_o none_o of_o his_o wise_a commander_n i_o tell_v you_o before_o that_o i_o have_v
not_o see_v brancatio_n but_o terduzzi_n his_o countryman_n for_o they_o be_v both_o italian_n in_o his_o book_n of_o machine_n say_v he_o have_v read_v he_o now_o if_o he_o value_v neither_o his_o opinion_n nor_o his_o reason_n i_o think_v none_o shall_v for_o tâ—rduzzi_n himself_o be_v so_o little_a a_o friend_n to_o the_o pike_n that_o he_o write_v he_o will_v have_v it_o break_v if_o he_o know_v what_o better_a weapon_n to_o put_v in_o its_o room_n out_o of_o he_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o this_o short_a description_n of_o brancatio_n and_o his_o book_n describe_v his_o book_n describe_v the_o title_n of_o his_o book_n be_v this_o of_o the_o true_a art_n of_o war_n whereby_o any_o prince_n may_v not_o only_o resist_v another_o in_o the_o field_n only_o with_o his_o own_o force_n and_o with_o little_a charge_n but_o also_o overcome_v any_o nation_n a_o very_a glorious_a title_n i_o think_v we_o need_v expect_v small_a performance_n from_o so_o vain_a promise_n this_o man_n undertaker_n himself_o a_o great_a undertaker_n will_v prove_v a_o alchemist_n who_o promise_v to_o give_v we_o mountain_n of_o gold_n and_o have_v not_o a_o sixpence_n to_o buy_v his_o own_o dinner_n his_o preface_n make_v up_o the_o four_o part_n of_o his_o book_n wherein_o he_o tell_v often_o than_o once_o that_o he_o study_v the_o theory_n of_o the_o military_a art_n fifteen_o year_n and_o practise_v it_o forty_o so_o he_o have_v be_v no_o young_a man_n when_o he_o write_v his_o book_n but_o he_o conclude_v and_o i_o pray_v you_o mark_v it_o that_o in_o all_o these_o fifteen_o year_n he_o have_v read_v no_o author_n but_o casar_n commentary_n and_o thereafter_o he_o laugh_v and_o scoff_v at_o all_o those_o roman_a author_n and_o history_n which_o mention_v distinct_a maniple_n in_o the_o roman_a legion_n because_o he_o have_v read_v no_o such_o thing_n in_o câ—sar_n not_o only_a in_o this_o preface_n of_o he_o but_o all_o along_o in_o his_o book_n he_o despise_v the_o pike_n and_o call_v it_o the_o enervation_n the_o weaken_n and_o ruin_n of_o war._n i_o shall_v for_o a_o while_o leave_v brancatio_n and_o return_v to_o mr._n lupton_n citation_n out_o of_o this_o great_a italian_a tactick_a that_o i_o may_v answer_v they_o and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o it_o be_v a_o reflection_n on_o brancatio_n brancatio_n mr._n lupton_n citation_n out_o of_o brancatio_n first_o to_o cite_v history_n which_o he_o have_v either_o not_o read_v or_o not_o understand_v and_o next_o not_o to_o be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o custom_n of_o war_n in_o his_o own_o time_n so_o mr._n lupton_n credulity_n be_v inexcusable_a for_o take_v thing_n on_o brancatio_n his_o report_n the_o truth_n whereof_o he_o may_v have_v find_v in_o book_n of_o which_o many_o private_a answer_v answer_v gentleman_n be_v master_n i_o shall_v very_o brief_o run_v through_o the_o quotation_n he_o cite_v out_o of_o this_o italian_a man_n of_o war._n the_o king_n of_o portugal_n say_v he_o be_v ruin_v and_o overthrow_v in_o africa_n because_o first_o first_o he_o have_v squadron_n of_o pike_n but_o by_o his_o favour_n he_o be_v overthrow_v because_o neither_o his_o pike-man_n nor_o harquebusier_n be_v right_o order_v train_v nor_o command_v next_o he_o say_v charles_n the_o eight_o of_o france_n be_v the_o first_o that_o bring_v pike_n second_o second_o into_o italy_n indeed_o there_o be_v pike_n in_o italy_n before_o france_n be_v call_v france_n and_o if_o that_o french_a king_n bring_v they_o first_o there_o what_o lose_v he_o by_o it_o he_o traverse_v it_o take_v and_o conquer_v the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o return_v to_o france_n and_o make_v his_o passage_n good_a at_o fornuovo_n in_o spite_n of_o all_o italy_n then_o bandy_v against_o he_o and_z no_o doubt_n his_o swisser_n do_v he_o good_a service_n and_o brancatio_n know_v they_o be_v arm_v with_o pike_n as_o to_o their_o offensive_a arms._n three_o he_o say_v the_o turk_n these_o forty_o year_n by_o past_a reckon_v they_o to_o begin_v three_o three_o at_o the_o year_n 1540_o and_o to_o continue_v till_o 1580_o have_v be_v victorious_a over_o the_o christian_n sempre_fw-it in_fw-it ongaria_n so_o write_v mr._n lupton_n only_o because_o great_a batallion_n of_o pike_n both_o of_o the_o swisser_n and_o high_a dutch_a nation_n be_v oppose_v to_o the_o turkish_a troop_n of_o horse_n well_o arm_v with_o pistol_n and_o harquebus_n i_o answer_v first_o brancatio_n his_o assertion_n be_v false_a for_o the_o turk_n be_v sometime_o beat_v in_o hungary_n in_o the_o time_n of_o these_o forty_o year_n and_o this_o mr._n lupton_n may_v have_v learn_v by_o peruse_v knolles_n his_o history_n if_o he_o can_v light_v upon_o no_o better_a next_o i_o say_v if_o pike_n can_v not_o resist_v the_o turk_n cavalry_n harquebusier_n on_o foot_n of_o which_o brancatio_n will_v have_v all_o his_o infantry_n to_o consist_v will_v have_v do_v it_o much_o less_o but_o what_o a_o ridiculous_a thing_n be_v it_o to_o impute_v the_o loss_n of_o all_o battle_n to_o one_o cause_n since_o army_n may_v be_v undo_v and_o overthrow_v by_o a_o thousand_o several_a occasion_n what_o can_v either_o brancatio_n or_o mr._n lupton_n say_v against_o it_o if_o i_o aver_v that_o when_o ever_o the_o turk_n be_v beat_v and_o beat_v sometime_o they_o be_v it_o be_v because_o they_o have_v no_o pike_n man_n to_o resist_v the_o charge_n of_o a_o stout_a and_o hardy_a cavalry_n four_o he_o aver_v that_o john_n frederick_n duke_n of_o saxe_n in_o germany_n and_o piter_n four_o four_o strozzi_n in_o tuscany_n be_v both_o beat_v because_o of_o the_o multitude_n of_o their_o pikeman_n to_o the_o first_o i_o answer_v i_o do_v not_o remember_v that_o sleidan_n give_v any_o such_o reason_n for_o his_o misfortune_n neither_o do_v ever_o that_o prince_n fight_v a_o just_a battle_n with_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o most_o of_o who_o infantry_n consist_v of_o pike-man_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o the_o elector_n of_o saxe_n do_v to_o the_o second_o of_o strozzi_n i_o say_v he_o be_v rout_v because_o he_o make_v his_o retreat_n in_o the_o day_n time_n in_o view_n of_o a_o powerful_a enemy_n contrary_a to_o the_o advice_n give_v he_o by_o marshal_n monluc_n final_o he_o say_v the_o battle_n of_o ceresole_n give_v a_o good_a proof_n of_o the_o weakness_n five_o five_o of_o the_o pike-mens_n service_n and_o the_o battle_n of_o dreux_n and_o moncounter_n prove_v fatal_a say_v he_o to_o their_o leader_n who_o be_v despise_v by_o their_o enemy_n because_o their_o foot_n consist_v most_o of_o pike_n here_o mr._n lupton_n do_v himself_o a_o injury_n to_o insert_v such_o three_o ignorant_a and_o unadvised_a citation_n out_o of_o brancatio_n which_o i_o will_v clear_v at_o ceresole_n the_o famous_a alphonso_n davalo_n marquis_n of_o guast_o command_v cerâ—solâ—_n battle_n of_o cerâ—solâ—_n the_o imperial_a army_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o anguien_v the_o french_a the_o imperialist_n be_v beat_v by_o the_o cowardice_n of_o a_o batallion_n of_o their_o own_o horse_n which_o flee_v without_o fight_v which_o a_o great_a batallion_n of_o imperial_a pike_n see_v open_v and_o give_v they_o way_n the_o french_a follow_v the_o chase_n through_o that_o same_o lane_n they_o be_v past_a the_o pike_n who_o be_v no_o â—ewer_a than_o five_o thousand_o close_v again_o and_o keep_v their_o ground_n another_o imperial_a batallion_n of_o pike_n some_o spaniard_n some_o german_n fight_v with_o a_o great_a body_n of_o grison_n belong_v to_o the_o french_a and_o beat_v it_o out_o of_o the_o field_n and_o thereafter_o fight_v with_o the_o gascon_a batallion_n of_o pike_n where_o both_o party_n stand_v to_o it_o valiant_o insomuch_o that_o the_o duc_n d'anguien_v the_o french_a general_n see_v his_o grison_n overthrow_v and_o his_o gascon_n so_o shrewd_o put_v to_o it_o despair_v of_o the_o victory_n in_o this_o charge_n of_o the_o imperial_a pike_n and_o the_o gascon_n almost_o all_o the_o leader_n fall_v at_o the_o first_o shock_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n there_o come_v a_o batallion_n of_o swisser_n pike_n and_o charge_v the_o imperial_a pike_n in_o the_o flank_n and_o notwithstanding_o they_o have_v to_o do_v with_o two_o stout_a and_o redoubt_a enemy_n one_o in_o the_o van_n and_o another_o in_o the_o flank_n yet_o do_v they_o keep_v their_o rank_n and_o the_o field_n too_o after_o all_o the_o harquebusier_n on_o foot_n and_o all_o their_o cavalry_n with_o gua_v himself_o wound_v as_o he_o be_v have_v flee_v and_o then_o and_o not_o till_o then_o they_o cast_v down_o their_o arm_n and_o cry_v for_o quarter_n which_o the_o swisser_n give_v they_o spare_o enough_o at_o this_o charge_n be_v marshal_n monluc_n on_o foot_n in_o the_o head_n of_o the_o gascon_n with_o a_o pike_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o he_o it_o be_v that_o give_v we_o this_o relation_n will_v
this_o both_o of_o they_o promise_n to_o do_v and_o you_o shall_v see_v how_o they_o perform_v it_o brancatio_n admit_v no_o foot_n but_o harquebusier_n musket_n be_v rare_a when_o he_o pike_n brancatio_n his_o engine_n instead_o of_o the_o pike_n write_v i_o doubt_v not_o but_o if_o he_o be_v alive_a now_o he_o will_v call_v they_o musqueteer_n as_o mr._n lupton_n do_v and_o by_o that_o name_n we_o shall_v call_v they_o hereafter_o terduzzi_n tell_v we_o that_o his_o countryman_n brancatio_n undertake_v to_o teach_v prince_n a_o invention_n how_o their_o musqueteer_n shall_v march_v in_o a_o open_a field_n or_o a_o raze_a champain_n either_o in_o squadron_n or_o man_n by_o man_n without_o run_v any_o hazard_n to_o be_v rout_v or_o overrun_v by_o any_o cavalry_n be_v it_o never_o so_o strong_a much_o less_o shall_v they_o be_v in_o danger_n of_o any_o batallion_n of_o pike_n but_o brancatio_n tell_v we_o not_o in_o his_o whole_a book_n what_o this_o invention_n be_v but_o keep_v it_o up_o as_o a_o secret_a as_o that_o to_o use_v his_o own_o word_n which_o deserve_v only_o to_o be_v whisper_v in_o the_o ear_n of_o some_o great_a prince_n i_o be_o afraid_a he_o never_o meet_v with_o that_o prince_n in_o his_o life-time_n who_o court_v he_o for_o that_o secret_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a the_o secret_a have_v die_v with_o he_o terduzzi_n tell_v we_o that_o after_o he_o have_v read_v this_o in_o brancatio_n his_o book_n he_o trouble_v his_o brain_n two_o or_o three_o night_n in_o conjecture_v what_o this_o invention_n or_o secret_n may_v be_v at_o first_o he_o imagine_v it_o must_v be_v a_o machine_n make_v with_o flank_n for_o defence_n of_o the_o musqueteer_n and_o to_o move_v some_o way_n or_o other_o as_o the_o musqueteer_n advance_v or_o retire_v and_o so_o to_o his_o think_v shall_v be_v a_o move_a or_o ambulatory_a citadel_n but_o he_o find_v he_o have_v not_o hit_v right_o when_o he_o read_v in_o brancatio_n that_o the_o invention_n be_v a_o most_o easy_a thing_n to_o make_v but_o most_o difficult_a to_o imitate_v unless_o the_o order_n of_o it_o be_v explain_v by_o the_o author_n himself_o and_o withal_o he_o call_v it_o in_o the_o singular_a number_n a_o piece_n of_o armour_n now_o brancatio_n acknowledge_v no_o arm_n but_o sword_n or_o harquebusse_n for_o foot_n hence_o terduzzi_n conclude_v the_o invention_n must_v be_v some_o kind_n conjecture_v can_v be_v well_o conjecture_v of_o defensive_a arm_n and_o yet_o no_o great_a engine_n or_o machine_n while_o terduzzi_n be_v thus_o puzzle_v a_o italian_a gentleman_n tell_v he_o that_o brancatio_n have_v show_v he_o one_o of_o they_o and_o say_v it_o be_v a_o pike_n with_o a_o certain_a iron-triangle_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o which_o be_v cast_v on_o the_o ground_n any_o way_n always_o one_o of_o the_o angle_n shall_v stand_v up_o but_o when_o the_o pike_n be_v fix_v all_o the_o three_o angle_n stand_v in_o the_o air_n which_o when_o terduzzi_n have_v learn_v he_o look_v on_o it_o as_o so_o frivolous_a a_o piece_n of_o folly_n that_o he_o neither_o trouble_v himself_o nor_o we_o with_o any_o further_a discourse_n about_o it_o can_v this_o triangle_n be_v it_o never_o so_o great_a be_v any_o thing_n else_o than_o one_o of_o our_o calthrop_n with_o these_o it_o seem_v brancatio_n be_v to_o environ_v his_o firemen_n for_o he_o say_v his_o invention_n be_v only_o to_o defend_v the_o circumference_n whether_o the_o musqueteer_n be_v to_o carry_v it_o or_o some_o other_o appoint_v for_o it_o we_o know_v not_o and_o many_o more_o particularity_n of_o that_o great_a secret_n must_v we_o want_v master_n lupton_n be_v not_o altogether_o so_o squeamish_a as_o brancatio_n though_o we_o shall_v weapon_n mr._n luptons_n musket_n and_o half-pike_n one_o weapon_n present_o find_v he_o reserve_v enough_o for_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o instead_o of_o both_o musket_n and_o pike_n he_o will_v have_v a_o thing_n which_o be_v both_o a_o musket_n and_o half_a pikâ—_n serve_v the_o infantry_n he_o much_o commend_v this_o piece_n and_o praise_v the_o inventor_n of_o it_o excessive_o but_o he_o give_v we_o no_o perfect_a description_n of_o it_o at_o least_o not_o such_o a_o one_o as_o can_v make_v i_o who_o never_o see_v it_o apprehend_v it_o aright_o he_o call_v it_o a_o musket_n and_o half-pike_n if_o so_o then_o two_o weapon_n but_o for_o most_o part_n he_o call_v it_o a_o weapon_n in_o the_o singular_a number_n and_o therefore_o not_o two_o weapon_n he_o tell_v we_o by_o this_o weapon_n the_o musqueteer_n be_v safe_a within_o the_o barricado_n of_o their_o steel_n palisadoe_n for_o so_o he_o call_v it_o by_o this_o the_o weapon_n shall_v be_v sharp_a at_o both_o end_n and_o shall_v be_v use_v as_o the_o swedish_n feather_n and_o if_o so_o it_o will_v make_v but_o one_o weapon_n and_o the_o musket_n will_v make_v another_o he_o say_v this_o weapon_n may_v be_v use_v as_o a_o musket_n rest_v but_o if_o it_o have_v no_o more_o use_n than_o that_o experience_n will_v make_v it_o useless_a and_o at_o length_n he_o assure_v uâ—_n that_o this_o weapon_n the_o musquet-half-pike_n will_v save_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o treasure_n spend_v by_o prince_n on_o pike_n headpiece_n back_n and_o breast_n he_o tell_v we_o of_o such_o stuff_n before_o but_o good_a god_n can_v a_o barricado_n of_o half-pike_n defend_v a_o man_n head_n and_o body_n so_o well_o from_o a_o shot_n as_o a_o head-piece_n or_o a_o corslet_n can_v and_o to_o conclude_v he_o direct_v all_o who_o desire_v to_o know_v this_o new_a weapon_n to_o go_v to_o the_o artillery-garden_n at_o london_n where_o they_o may_v be_v satisfy_v in_o all_o their_o curiosity_n but_o i_o humble_o conceive_v the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o weapon_n which_o he_o cry_v up_o to_o be_v of_o so_o general_a a_o good_a and_o can_v bring_v so_o universal_a a_o advantage_n to_o prince_n and_o state_n shall_v not_o have_v be_v confine_v within_o so_o narrow_a a_o plot_n of_o secret_n shall_v not_o be_v make_v a_o secret_n ground_n as_o the_o artillery_n or_o military_a garden_n and_o true_o i_o think_v that_o either_o the_o author_n of_o that_o invention_n or_o at_o least_o master_n lupton_n be_v oblige_v in_o charity_n to_o have_v communicate_v it_o to_o the_o hungarian_n transylvanian_n polonian_n and_o croatian_o to_o defend_v themselves_o by_o it_o from_o the_o hereditary_a enemy_n of_o christendom_n and_o particular_o to_o the_o german_n to_o obviate_v thereby_o the_o inconvenience_n and_o disadvantage_n which_o follow_v the_o great_a number_n of_o their_o pike_n the_o use_n whereof_o master_n lupton_n have_v condemn_v now_o though_o all_o along_o this_o chapter_n i_o have_v show_v but_o small_a inclination_n to_o agree_v with_o mr._n lupton_n for_o the_o lay_v aside_o the_o pike_n yet_o in_o the_o close_a of_o his_o book_n pike_n soldier_n shall_v be_v exercise_v and_o train_v with_o both_o musket_n and_o pike_n and_o this_o discourse_n we_o shall_v be_v good_a friend_n for_o he_o desire_v if_o the_o pike_n be_v not_o altogether_o abandon_v that_o all_o who_o carry_v it_o may_v be_v teach_v the_o use_n of_o the_o musket_n likewise_o and_o this_o shall_v be_v my_o hearty_a desire_n likewise_o provide_v that_o all_o musqueteer_n may_v be_v teach_v the_o use_n of_o the_o pike_n also_o for_o i_o conceive_v it_o to_o be_v very_o fit_a that_o every_o soldier_n be_v so_o train_v that_o he_o may_v as_o occasion_n offer_v be_v ready_a to_o make_v use_n of_o both_o weapon_n and_o for_o this_o i_o hope_v no_o discreet_a commander_n will_v fall_v out_o with_o either_o master_n lupton_n or_o i_o chap._n vii_o of_o gunpowder_n artillery_n its_o general_n and_z train_z if_o the_o chinois_n have_v the_o use_n of_o gun_n twelve_o or_o thirteen_o hundred_o year_n before_o china_n gun_n in_o china_n the_o european_n know_v what_o a_o thing_n a_o gun_n be_v as_o some_o fancy_n then_o they_o have_v gunpowder_n also_o at_o that_o time_n for_o without_o this_o gun_n be_v useless_a they_o talk_v of_o a_o king_n of_o china_n who_o be_v a_o great_a enchanter_n have_v a_o familiar_a spirit_n by_o who_o help_n he_o invent_v gunpowder_n and_o artillery_n by_o the_o help_n of_o which_o he_o defeat_v the_o tartar_n who_o have_v grievous_o afflict_v he_o and_o this_o king_n they_o say_v live_v not_o long_o after_o our_o saviour_n incarnation_n if_o the_o use_n of_o artillery_n in_o that_o country_n be_v of_o so_o old_a a_o date_n i_o think_v the_o native_n shall_v long_v ever_o now_o have_v attain_v to_o such_o a_o perfection_n of_o gunnery_n that_o thereby_o they_o may_v have_v defend_v themselves_o in_o their_o late_a war_n with_o these_o same_o tartarian_n better_o than_o to_o have_v let_v they_o make_v a_o full_a conquest_n of_o their_o kingdom_n neither_o do_v i_o remember_v that_o
place_n of_o the_o depth_n that_o every_o prince_n appoint_v for_o his_o foot_n before_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o great_a gustavus_n adolphus_n for_o any_o thing_n i_o can_v ever_o learn_v foot-company_n be_v marshal_v ten_o deep_a almost_o universal_o but_o he_o marshal_v deep_a ten_o deep_a all_o his_o infantry_n in_o six_o rank_n and_o after_o he_o have_v invade_v germany_n the_o emperor_n with_o most_o of_o the_o european_a king_n and_o prince_n keep_v their_o foot_n still_o at_o ten_o deep_a but_o before_o the_o end_n of_o that_o war_n which_o he_o begin_v all_o of_o they_o follow_v his_o way_n and_o make_v the_o file_n of_o their_o foot_n to_o consist_v of_o six_o man_n except_o the_o prince_n of_o deep_a six_o deep_a orange_n who_o still_o keep_v ten_o in_o file_n i_o shall_v except_v likewise_o the_o earl_n of_o strafford_n who_o in_o his_o instruction_n for_o the_o better_a discipline_n of_o his_o army_n order_v every_o deep_a eight_o deep_a captain_n of_o foot_n to_o draw_v up_o his_o company_n eight_o deep_a in_o a_o business_n of_o this_o nature_n where_o there_o be_v difference_n a_o man_n may_v tell_v his_o opinion_n without_o affectation_n of_o singularity_n and_o therefore_o i_o suppose_v it_o will_v be_v grant_v i_o that_o the_o more_o hand_n a_o captain_n can_v bring_v to_o fight_v the_o more_o shrewd_o deep_a reason_n for_o six_o deep_a he_o will_v put_v his_o enemy_n to_o it_o provide_v still_o his_o batallion_n be_v of_o that_o strength_n as_o to_o receive_v the_o shock_n of_o a_o resolute_a impression_n and_o in_o case_n of_o the_o worst_a that_o he_o have_v reserve_v to_o come_v to_o his_o rescue_n of_o reserve_v i_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o now_o i_o be_o hopeful_a it_o will_v not_o be_v deny_v i_o but_o that_o more_o hand_n be_v bring_v to_o fight_v by_o eight_o man_n in_o a_o file_n than_o by_o ten_o and_o more_o by_o six_o man_n in_o a_o file_n than_o by_o eight_o take_v a_o second_o argument_n the_o more_o able_a you_o be_v to_o save_v yourself_o from_o be_v surround_v or_o out-winged_a by_o a_o enemy_n or_o the_o more_o able_a you_o make_v yourself_o to_o surround_v and_o out-wing_n that_o enemy_n of_o you_o the_o great_a advantage_n you_o have_v over_o he_o both_o these_o be_v do_v by_o a_o large_a front_n now_o it_o be_v undeniable_a that_o eight_o in_o file_n enlarge_v the_o front_n more_o than_o ten_o and_o six_o more_o than_o eight_o and_o consequent_o eight_o deep_a contribute_v more_o than_o ten_o and_o six_o more_o than_o eight_o for_o gain_v the_o victory_n that_o more_o hand_n be_v bring_v to_o fight_n be_v very_o soon_o instance_a first_o by_o a_o body_n deep_a the_o great_a advantage_n 1500_o musqueteer_n six_o deep_a have_v of_o 1500_o musqueteer_n ten_o deep_a of_o musqueteer_n and_o next_o by_o a_o body_n of_o pikeman_n let_v we_o suppose_v a_o body_n of_o fifteen_o hundred_o musqueteer_n marshal_v ten_o deep_a be_v to_o fight_v with_o a_o body_n of_o musqueteer_n of_o equal_a number_n that_o be_v fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a and_o that_o they_o be_v equal_o stout_a and_o experience_a and_o equal_o good_a firemen_n the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a must_v give_v fire_n by_o rank_n as_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a must_v likewise_o do_v now_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a can_v make_v no_o more_o but_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o in_o rank_n for_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o multiply_v by_o ten_o produce_v fifteen_o hundred_o but_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a make_v two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o in_o rank_n for_o two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o multiply_v by_o six_o produce_v fifteen_o hundred_o so_o that_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a at_o every_o volley_n pour_v one_o hundred_o leaden_a bullet_n more_o in_o the_o enemy_n bosom_n than_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a and_o consequent_o when_o six_o rank_n of_o both_o party_n have_v fire_v the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a have_v receive_v six_o hundred_o ball_n more_o than_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a which_o without_o all_o doubt_n have_v make_v a_o great_a many_o man_n fall_v more_o of_o the_o one_o side_n than_o the_o other_o next_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o file_n of_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a take_v just_a as_o much_o ground_n up_o in_o front_n as_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a and_o therefore_o the_o other_o hundred_o file_n of_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a may_v fall_v on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a if_o they_o be_v not_o flank_v either_o with_o pike_n or_o with_o horseman_n it_o be_v the_o like_a case_n mutatis_fw-la mutandis_fw-la between_o fifteen_o hundred_o eight_o deep_a and_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a for_o fifteen_o hundred_o eight_o deep_a will_v make_v but_o a_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o eight_o in_o rank_n for_o a_o hundred_o eighty_o eight_o multiply_v by_o eight_o produce_v fifteen_o hundred_o and_o four_o now_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a make_v two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o rank_n and_o so_o shoot_v at_o every_o volley_n sixty_o two_o bullet_n more_o than_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o eight_o deep_a make_v the_o like_a trial_n of_o two_o batallion_n of_o pike_n each_o of_o they_o fifteen_o hundred_o have_v the_o same_o advantage_n pikeman_n also_o have_v strong_a equal_o arm_v for_o the_o defensive_a and_o their_o pike_n of_o equal_a length_n the_o hundred_o file_n wherewith_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a outwing_n the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a will_v likewise_o enter_v on_o their_o side_n and_o very_o soon_o ruin_v they_o if_o they_o be_v not_o flank_v by_o their_o friend_n and_o though_o they_o be_v yet_o these_o hundred_o file_n of_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o pikeman_n six_o deep_a be_v otherwise_o idle_a may_v happy_o give_v their_o flank_n some_o work_n to_o do_v nor_o have_v the_o fifteen_o hundred_o pikeman_n ten_o deep_a any_o advantage_n of_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a in_o the_o force_n of_o the_o impression_n for_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v in_o one_o of_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o grecian_a militia_n that_o six_o rank_n of_o pikeman_n may_v either_o give_v or_o receive_v the_o charge_n abundant_o and_o therefore_o where_o pikeman_n be_v ten_o deep_a at_o their_o charge_n the_o last_o four_o rank_n shall_v keep_v their_o pike_n port_a because_o the_o present_v the_o point_n of_o they_o be_v altogether_o useless_a neither_o be_v it_o the_o apprehension_n of_o the_o weakness_n of_o his_o body_n of_o musqueteer_n draw_v up_o six_o deep_a that_o make_v the_o king_n of_o sweden_n make_v use_n of_o his_o feather_n to_o defend_v his_o musqueteer_n against_o the_o polonian_a horse_n for_o these_o feather_n may_v serve_v a_o body_n of_o firemen_n draw_v up_o ten_o deep_a as_o well_o as_o a_o body_n of_o firemen_n draw_v up_o six_o deep_a neither_o indeed_o be_v it_o the_o deepness_n of_o a_o body_n of_o musqueteer_n that_o can_v resist_v a_o resolute_a charge_n of_o horse_n it_o must_v be_v pike_n halberd_n or_o these_o feather_n or_o something_o like_o they_o nor_o do_v i_o think_v after_o the_o invention_n of_o gunpowder_n that_o ten_o deep_a be_v think_v fit_a for_o foot_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o some_o fancy_n for_o i_o have_v show_v in_o another_o deep_a reason_n for_o ten_o deep_a place_n that_o vegetius_n who_o be_v look_v on_o by_o many_o as_o the_o oracle_n of_o the_o old_a roman_a militia_n do_v make_v the_o roman_a file_n to_o consist_v of_o eleven_o man_n but_o i_o think_v it_o be_v out_o of_o this_o consideration_n that_o after_o the_o first_o rank_n have_v fire_v their_o gun_n they_o can_v not_o be_v ready_a to_o fire_n again_o till_o the_o other_o nine_o rank_n have_v all_o fire_v and_o withal_o a_o musket_n rest_n be_v take_v to_o help_v with_o so_o much_o wariness_n do_v our_o ancestor_n walk_v when_o first_o they_o make_v use_v of_o the_o new_a find_v engine_n of_o fire_n we_o read_v of_o a_o count_n of_o vaâ—dâ—mont_n who_o within_o thirty_o year_n after_o the_o invention_n of_o gunpowder_n make_v use_v of_o two_o culverines_n in_o his_o war_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o bar_n and_o by_o their_o help_n defeat_v his_o enemy_n but_o at_o every_o time_n the_o piece_n be_v discharge_v the_o count_n himself_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n for_o fear_n but_o as_o great_a câ—sar_n say_v usus_fw-la est_fw-la rerum_fw-la magister_fw-la use_v and_o custom_n overmaster_v thing_n and_o therefore_o the_o cannon_n be_v not_o now_o so_o dreadful_a as_o it_o be_v nor_o be_v the_o musket_n so_o unmanageable_a as_o it_o be_v think_v daily_a experience_n let_v we_o see_v that_o the_o first_o rank_n of_o six_o can_v fire_v make_v deep_a for_o fine_a deep_a ready_a and_o stay_v for_o the_o word_n of_o command_n before_o the_o other_o five_o
be_v marshal_v in_o one_o division_n i_o know_v some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o major_n company_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o rear_n marshal_v objection_n against_o that_o way_n of_o marshal_v of_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n division_n because_o the_o three_o place_n of_o honour_n in_o the_o regiment_n belong_v to_o he_o and_o the_o colonel_n have_v the_o van_n of_o the_o first_o division_n and_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n of_o the_o second_o the_o major_n shall_v have_v the_o rear_n of_o the_o second_o division_n because_o it_o be_v the_o rear_n of_o the_o whole_a regiment_n i_o shall_v easy_o subscribe_v to_o this_o if_o it_o be_v not_o for_o two_o reason_n first_o though_o it_o be_v but_o answer_v answer_v one_o regiment_n yet_o be_v divide_v it_o shall_v be_v look_v on_o as_o two_o distinct_a body_n and_o it_o be_v more_o honourable_a to_o have_v the_o rear_n of_o the_o first_o than_o of_o the_o last_o second_o when_o a_o regiment_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n the_o major_n ought_v to_o wait_v and_o lodge_v at_o the_o quarter_n of_o that_o division_n of_o the_o regiment_n where_o the_o colonel_n be_v because_o from_o he_o he_o receive_v his_o order_n direction_n and_o the_o word_n which_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o carry_v to_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n if_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o two_o division_n be_v divide_v as_o many_o time_n they_o be_v but_o the_o old_a captain_n be_v oblige_v to_o come_v and_o receive_v they_o from_o the_o major_a at_o the_o colonel_n quarter_n the_o first_o captain_n in_o that_o case_n officiate_a as_o major_a for_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n batallion_n now_o if_o the_o major_n ought_v to_o be_v where_o the_o colonel_n be_v as_o i_o think_v he_o shall_v than_o i_o think_v the_o major_n company_n shall_v be_v where_o himself_o be_v the_o great_a gustavus_n use_v another_o way_n of_o marshal_v his_o regiment_n and_o brigade_n of_o foot_n which_o take_v altogether_o be_v not_o square_a of_o front_n yet_o all_o the_o four_o part_n or_o body_n which_o compose_v it_o be_v square_a the_o manner_n be_v this_o way_n regiment_n or_o brigade_n marshal_v a_o three_o way_n suppose_v one_o of_o his_o brigade_n to_o be_v eighteen_o hundred_o man_n as_o i_o can_v assure_v you_o he_o have_v many_o weak_a whereof_o twelve_o hundred_o be_v musqueteer_n and_o six_o hundred_o be_v pikeman_n the_o pike_n advance_v twenty_o pace_n before_o the_o two_o body_n of_o musqueteer_n who_o immediate_o join_v to_o fill_v up_o the_o void_a place_n the_o pikeman_n have_v possess_v then_o be_v the_o pike_n divide_v into_o three_o equal_a body_n two_o hundred_o to_o each_o batallion_n the_o middle_a body_n whereof_o advance_v before_o the_o other_o two_o so_o far_o that_o its_o rear_n may_v be_v about_o ten_o pace_n before_o the_o van_n of_o the_o other_o two_o the_o two_o body_n of_o pike_n that_o stay_v behind_o be_v order_v to_o open_v a_o little_a to_o both_o hand_n and_o then_o stand_v still_o all_o front_a one_o way_n to_o the_o enemy_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o place_n which_o the_o two_o hundred_o pike_n possess_v in_o the_o middle_n remain_v void_a there_o be_v two_o passage_n like_o sally-port_n between_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o advance_a body_n of_o pike_n and_o the_o two_o batallion_n that_o stay_v behind_o out_o of_o one_o whereof_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n issue_v constant_o one_o or_o two_o or_o more_o hundred_o of_o musqueteer_n who_o before_o all_o the_o three_o body_n of_o pike_n give_v incessant_o fire_n on_o the_o enemy_n and_o when_o the_o word_n or_o sign_n for_o a_o retreat_n be_v give_v they_o retire_v by_o the_o other_o passage_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n back_o to_o the_o great_a body_n of_o musqueteer_n where_o so_o many_o of_o they_o as_o come_v back_o unwounded_a be_v present_o put_v in_o rank_n and_o file_n the_o fire_n continue_v without_o intermission_n by_o musqueteer_n who_o still_o sally_v through_o the_o passage_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o fireman_n fight_v thus_o in_o small_a body_n each_o of_o they_o not_o above_o five_o file_n of_o musqueteer_n and_o these_o for_o most_o part_n but_o three_o deep_a so_o you_o may_v consider_v that_o near_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o musqueteer_n be_v on_o service_n the_o other_o two_o three_o be_v secure_o shelter_v behind_o the_o three_o batallion_n of_o pikeman_n who_o be_v to_o be_v complete_o arm_v for_o the_o defensive_a these_o pike_n have_v field_n piece_n with_o they_o which_o fire_v as_o oft_o as_o they_o can_v as_o well_o as_o the_o musqueteer_n this_o continue_a till_o the_o pikeman_n come_v to_o push_v of_o pike_n with_o the_o enemy_n if_o both_o party_n stay_v so_o long_o as_o seldom_o they_o do_v and_o then_o the_o musqueteer_n be_v to_o do_v what_o they_o be_v order_v to_o do_v and_o the_o order_n do_v depend_v on_o emergency_n and_o accident_n which_o as_o they_o can_v not_o be_v then_o see_v so_o no_o certain_a rule_n can_v be_v give_v for_o they_o in_o this_o order_n do_v i_o see_v all_o the_o swedish_n brigades_n draw_v up_o for_o one_o year_n after_o the_o king_n death_n but_o after_o that_o time_n i_o see_v it_o wear_v out_o when_o defensive_a arm_n first_o and_o then_o pike_n come_v out_o wear_v out_o to_o be_v neglect_v and_o by_o some_o vilipend_v for_o the_o march_n of_o a_o regiment_n if_o it_o can_v all_o march_n in_o one_o breast_n it_o shall_v regiment_n the_o march_n of_o a_o regiment_n do_v so_o but_o if_o not_o and_o if_o the_o ground_n permit_v it_o let_v the_o right_a hand_n of_o musqueteer_n march_v in_o breast_n next_o it_o the_o body_n of_o pike_n and_o after_o it_o the_o left_a wing_n of_o musqueteer_n but_o if_o none_o of_o these_o can_v be_v then_o as_o many_o shall_v march_v in_o one_o petty_a division_n as_o the_o way_n can_v permit_v as_o suppose_v twelve_o eight_o or_o ten_o and_o so_o soon_o as_o you_o come_v to_o open_a ground_n you_o be_v to_o march_v present_o in_o squadron_n or_o as_o they_o be_v now_o call_v squad_n or_o in_o full_a battle_n that_o be_v the_o regiment_n all_o in_o one_o front_n for_o by_o that_o mean_v your_o soldier_n be_v ready_a to_o receive_v a_o enemy_n they_o march_v in_o a_o more_o comely_a order_n and_o straggle_v far_o less_o than_o when_o they_o march_v few_o in_o breast_n and_o in_o a_o long_a row_n the_o major_n appoint_v captain_n lieutenant_n and_o ensign_n to_o lead_v division_n and_o sergeant_n to_o attend_v the_o flank_n every_o one_o according_a to_o their_o dignity_n but_o for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o never_o think_v it_o convenient_a much_o less_o necessary_a that_o every_o small_a division_n of_o a_o regiment_n shall_v have_v a_o bringer_n up_o since_o he_o must_v be_v as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o a_o commission_v officer_n as_o well_o as_o the_o leader_n of_o a_o division_n shall_v be_v for_o first_o consider_v that_o in_o a_o regiment_n of_o one_o thousand_o strong_a there_o be_v a_o hundred_o sixty_o and_o six_o file_n and_o admit_v that_o the_o way_n will_v permit_v eight_o file_n to_o march_v in_o breast_n as_o that_o fall_v not_o always_o out_o by_o that_o account_n you_o shall_v have_v one_o and_o twenty_o division_n consist_v of_o eight_o file_n apiece_o multiply_v twenty_o one_o by_o eight_o the_o product_n be_v a_o hundred_o and_o up_o reasins_z why_o every_o petty_a division_n can_v have_v a_o bringer_n up_o sixty_o eight_o file_n which_o consist_v of_o a_o thousand_o and_o eight_o man_n eight_o more_o than_o the_o number_n reckon_v again_o how_o many_o commission_v officer_n you_o have_v in_o ten_o company_n beside_o the_o three_o field-officer_n you_o shall_v have_v but_o twenty_o nine_o now_o of_o these_o twenty_o one_o must_v be_v allow_v to_o lead_v the_o division_n and_o by_o that_o account_n you_o have_v but_o nine_o officer_n to_o bring_v up_o so_o you_o want_v thirteen_o commission_v officer_n for_o that_o employment_n for_o sergeant_n shall_v neither_o be_v permit_v to_o lead_v or_o bring_v up_o but_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n their_o duty_n be_v to_o attend_v the_o flank_n beside_o all_o commission_v officer_n be_v not_o always_o present_a some_o frequent_o be_v either_o sick_a wound_a or_o absent_a on_o furloff_n it_o will_v be_v enough_o therefore_o if_o all_o these_o petty_a division_n be_v lead_v by_o commission_v officer_n which_o yet_o can_v be_v unless_o you_o allow_v some_o ensign-bearer_n to_o stay_v from_o their_o 〈…〉_o we_o and_o by_o this_o mean_v you_o may_v spare_v six_o foot_n of_o ground_n between_o two_o division_n for_o those_o who_o will_v allow_v bringer_n up_o allow_v eighteen_o foot_n between_o two_o division_n to_o wit_n six_o foot_n between_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o first_o division_n and_o he_o that_o bring_v it_o up_o second_o six_o foot_n between_o
of_o 10000_o man_n make_v square_a battle_n and_o therefore_o their_o 10000_o man_n be_v draw_v up_o a_o 100_o in_o rank_n and_o a_o 100_o in_o file_n and_o a_o 100_o time_n a_o 100_o make_v 10000_o and_o so_o their_o batallion_n be_v square_a of_o man_n and_o may_v have_v be_v also_o of_o ground_n if_o they_o allow_v no_o great_a interval_n of_o rank_n than_o of_o file_n which_o hardly_o they_o can_v do_v be_v they_o be_v all_o offensive_o arm_v with_o pike_n both_o long_o and_o strong_a but_o our_o author_n say_v that_o cyrus_n be_v glad_a of_o this_o wish_v croesus_n whole_a army_n have_v be_v marshal_v a_o thousand_o deep_a for_o than_o he_o have_v soon_o destroy_v it_o as_o i_o have_v tell_v you_o in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o grecian_a art_n of_o war._n yet_o xenophon_n tell_v we_o that_o these_o egyptian_n fight_v best_a of_o any_o of_o croesus_n his_o army_n yea_o so_o long_o till_o they_o have_v fair_a quarter_n give_v they_o and_o withal_o he_o inform_v we_o that_o cyrus_n his_o own_o army_n his_o foot_n i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v be_v marshal_v 24_o deep_a and_o that_o be_v eight_o more_o than_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o modern_a way_n of_o embattel_v and_o marshal_n army_n as_o all_o army_n be_v marshal_v according_a to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o those_o who_o command_v they_o so_o their_o pleasure_n often_o be_v and_o ever_o shall_v be_v over_o rule_v by_o the_o circumstance_n of_o time_n the_o posture_n of_o the_o enemy_n they_o have_v to_o do_v with_o the_o wether_n the_o sun_n the_o wind_n and_o the_o ground_n on_o which_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v if_o the_o general_n find_v by_o his_o foreparty_n or_o vancourier_n that_o his_o enemy_n be_v before_o he_o draw_v up_o in_o battle_n ready_a to_o receive_v he_o he_o will_v do_v himself_o a_o injury_n to_o march_v forward_o for_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v fancy_v that_o his_o adversary_n will_v be_v so_o courteous_a as_o to_o permit_v he_o to_o marshal_v his_o army_n but_o will_v take_v his_o advantage_n and_o fall_v upon_o he_o before_o he_o can_v draw_v up_o his_o van_n especial_o if_o his_o march_n have_v be_v through_o any_o close_a or_o strait_a country_n and_o in_o such_o a_o condition_n as_o that_o a_o generals_z wit_n a_o general_n shall_v have_v a_o ready_a wit_n own_o ready_a wit_n and_o resolution_n must_v serve_v he_o for_o counsellor_n for_o there_o will_v be_v no_o time_n give_v he_o to_o call_v a_o council_n of_o war._n but_o we_o speak_v now_o of_o embattel_v army_n when_o general_n have_v half_a the_o choice_n of_o the_o ground_n the_o manner_n be_v in_o many_o place_n and_o still_o be_v in_o some_o to_o marshal_v army_n in_o three_o distinct_a body_n one_o behind_o another_o the_o first_o be_v call_v the_o vanguard_n the_o second_o the_o battle_n the_o three_o the_o rearguard_n but_o several_a time_n every_o one_o body_n army_n marshal_v in_o three_o distinct_a body_n of_o those_o consist_v of_o three_o body_n likewise_o these_o be_v two_o wing_n of_o horse_n and_o one_o body_n of_o foot_n and_o when_o they_o march_v these_o three_o great_a body_n be_v call_v the_o van_n battle_n and_o rear_n their_o proper_a title_n be_v to_o be_v call_v so_o when_o they_o march_v for_o many_o time_n when_o they_o draw_v up_o in_o order_n of_o battle_n it_o be_v in_o one_o breast_n and_o then_o the_o horse_n be_v divide_v in_o two_o wing_n and_o the_o foot_n make_v the_o battle_n this_o be_v do_v when_o the_o ground_n be_v very_o spacious_a and_o to_o prevent_v surround_v otherwise_o army_n seldom_o fight_v but_o in_o two_o battle_n if_o not_o in_o three_o but_o as_o i_o say_v time_n ground_n the_o power_n of_o a_o enemy_n minister_v occasion_n to_o a_o commander_n of_o a_o army_n to_o alter_v the_o ordinary_a custom_n and_o frame_v a_o new_a method_n of_o his_o own_o to_o serve_v he_o for_o that_o opportunity_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o one_o instance_n and_o that_o of_o a_o mighty_a army_n marshal_v as_o few_o before_o it_o have_v be_v and_o i_o believe_v none_o since_o it_o be_v that_o which_o charles_n the_o five_o and_o his_o brother_n king_n ferdinand_n have_v at_o vienna_n when_o they_o look_v for_o sultan_n soliman_n the_o ground_n be_v very_o spacious_a and_o though_o their_o number_n be_v very_o great_a yet_o those_o of_o the_o turk_n be_v vienna_n how_o the_o mighty_a army_n of_o the_o emperor_n charâ—es_v the_o five_o be_v marshal_v at_o vienna_n very_o much_o beyond_o they_o and_o they_o fear_v to_o be_v out-winged_a by_o his_o numerous_a horse_n the_o order_n of_o their_o battle_n be_v to_o be_v this_o if_o they_o have_v fight_v they_o have_v sixty_o thousand_o arm_v with_o pike_n halberd_n partisan_n and_o other_o long_a staff_n these_o be_v divide_v in_o three_o great_a batallion_n each_o of_o twenty_o thousand_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n stand_v one_o of_o they_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n the_o second_o and_o the_o three_o in_o the_o middle_n there_o be_v about_o six_o or_o seven_o thousand_o harquebusier_n on_o foot_n to_o attend_v each_o of_o these_o great_a batallion_n of_o pike_n who_o be_v to_o have_v several_a little_a interval_n through_o which_o these_o harquebusier_n be_v to_o sally_n and_o fire_n incessant_o before_o the_o grand_a batallion_n till_o they_o shall_v be_v necessitate_v to_o retire_v through_o these_o same_o interval_n to_o the_o rear_n and_o then_o the_o pike_n be_v immediate_o to_o close_v and_o fill_v up_o those_o void_a place_n these_o three_o great_a batallion_n separate_v one_o from_o another_o make_v two_o great_a interval_n in_o each_o of_o which_o stand_v fifteen_o thousand_o horse_n here_o than_o you_o see_v upon_o the_o matter_n one_o of_o the_o brave_a army_n of_o christian_n that_o ever_o be_v marshal_v in_o one_o front_n without_o reserve_v only_o some_o thousand_o of_o man_n be_v order_v to_o guard_v the_o baggage_n and_o munition_n scarce_o read_v of_o before_o or_o since_o here_o you_o see_v the_o pikeman_n make_v the_o wing_n whereas_o both_o before_o and_o since_o they_o make_v the_o body_n here_o you_o see_v the_o firemen_n marshal_v behind_o and_o ordain_v to_o fally_o from_o their_o station_n and_o do_v their_o service_n in_o the_o van_n and_o then_o to_o retire_v to_o their_o place_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o ancient_a graecian_a and_o roman_a velite_n and_o not_o marshal_v on_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o pike_n and_o here_o you_o see_v the_o horse_n who_o before_o that_o time_n and_o since_o make_v the_o wing_n of_o a_o army_n make_v now_o the_o body_n of_o it_o strong_o flank_v with_o pike_n this_o be_v the_o inversion_n of_o former_a ordinance_n of_o war_n be_v then_o think_v necessary_a to_o prevent_v the_o surround_v and_o the_o impetuosity_n of_o the_o turk_n numerous_a cavalry_n army_n for_o most_o part_n now_o be_v marshal_v in_o two_o distinct_a body_n the_o vanguard_n and_o the_o arreer-guard_n which_o be_v common_o call_v battle_n and_o reserve_n but_o it_o be_v not_o only_o difficult_a but_o pure_o impossible_a for_o any_o the_o most_o experience_a general_n to_o set_v down_o any_o one_o certain_a rule_n or_o order_n whereby_o he_o may_v constant_o reserve_n battle_n and_o reserve_n keep_v one_o manner_n of_o marshal_v or_o one_o form_n of_o battle_n as_o it_o be_v call_v forma_fw-la aciei_fw-la though_o he_o can_v be_v assure_v that_o his_o regiment_n or_o brigade_n of_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n shall_v constant_o continue_v of_o one_o strength_n since_o the_o place_n situation_n house_n village_n castle_n hill_n valley_n rise_v height_n hollow_a ground_n water_n wood_n bush_n tree_n and_o marsh_n do_v occasion_n such_o alteration_n as_o make_v the_o form_n or_o mould_n of_o a_o army_n cast_v in_o one_o place_n change_v so_o much_o as_o you_o shall_v not_o know_v the_o face_n of_o it_o on_o another_o piece_n of_o ground_n perhaps_o not_o above_o one_o or_o two_o hour_n march_v from_o the_o former_a and_o in_o this_o as_o i_o say_v before_o the_o general_n be_v to_o act_v his_o part_n and_o take_v such_o advantage_n as_o he_o may_v and_o ready_o possess_v himself_o of_o such_o place_n which_o be_v in_o the_o enemy_n power_n may_v do_v he_o prejudice_v one_o of_o his_o great_a care_n in_o embattel_v will_v be_v to_o secure_v both_o his_o â—attel_n flank_n of_o a_o army_n to_o be_v well_o secure_v in_o â—attel_n flank_n which_o be_v call_v the_o right_a and_o left_a hand_n of_o his_o army_n with_o some_o river_n brook_n ditch_n dike_n or_o retrenchment_n if_o these_o can_v be_v so_o ready_o get_v than_o he_o may_v do_v it_o with_o the_o wagon_n or_o baggage_n of_o his_o army_n for_o in_o time_n of-battel_n it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a for_o a_o batallion_n or_o
left_a hand_n three_o brigade_n of_o foot_n draw_v up_o direct_o behind_o the_o three_o interval_n appoint_v to_o be_v between_o the_o four_o brigade_n in_o the_o battle_n and_o on_o their_o left_a hand_n the_o second_o brigade_n of_o horse_n draw_v up_o behind_o the_o interval_n appoint_v to_o be_v between_o the_o two_o brigade_n of_o horse_n which_o make_v the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o longitude_n of_o the_o battle_n marshal_v as_o i_o have_v say_v you_o may_v compute_v thus_o compute_v longitude_n of_o the_o battle_n compute_v the_o two_o brigade_n of_o horse_n on_o the_o right_a wing_n each_o consist_v of_o 600_o horse_n and_o consequent_o of_o 200_o leader_n both_o of_o they_o 400_o leader_n each_z whereof_o have_v three_o foot_n of_o ground_n allow_v he_o require_v 1200_o foot_n and_o the_o interval_n 600_o the_o distance_n between_o they_o and_o the_o foot_n 24_o as_o much_o you_o be_v to_o allow_v to_o the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o horse_n add_v these_o together_o you_o will_v find_v the_o aggregate_v to_o be_v 3648._o each_o brigade_n of_o foot_n consist_v of_o 1800_o man_n six_o deep_a have_v 300_o leader_n and_o so_o the_o four_o brigade_n have_v 1200_o leader_n each_o of_o these_o have_v three_o foot_n allow_v he_o inde_fw-la 3600_o foot_n so_o every_o brigade_n have_v 900_o foot_n of_o ground_n as_o much_o must_v every_o interval_n have_v now_o there_o be_v three_o interval_n and_o three_o time_n 900_o amount_n to_o 2700._o there_o must_v be_v in_o every_o brigade_n two_o interval_n each_o of_o six_o foot_n between_o the_o pike_n and_o musqueteer_n so_o 12_o foot_n in_o every_o one_o and_o in_o all_o the_o four_o 48._o add_v 48_o to_o 2700_o and_o both_o of_o they_o to_o 3600_o the_o aggregate_v be_v 6348._o so_o much_o ground_n be_v require_v for_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o battle_n add_v 6348_o to_o 3648_o which_o be_v allow_v to_o the_o horse_n the_o aggregate_v will_v be_v 9996_o which_o will_v want_v four_o foot_n of_o two_o italian_a mile_n i_o shall_v neither_o trouble_v my_o reader_n nor_o myself_o to_o compute_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o reserve_v what_o i_o have_v say_v of_o two_o way_n of_o marshal_n this_o army_n of_o 16200_o horse_n and_o foot_n be_v mean_v only_o in_o order_n to_o interval_n for_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a a_o army_n may_v be_v draw_v up_o in_o as_o many_o several_a figure_n and_o form_n as_o there_o may_v be_v general_n to_o succeed_v one_o another_o in_o the_o command_n of_o it_o between_o the_o battle_n and_o reserve_n there_o shall_v be_v as_o great_a distance_n of_o ground_n as_o a_o brigade_n of_o foot_n possess_v in_o its_o longitude_n but_o if_o the_o army_n be_v marshal_v in_o three_o body_n than_o the_o distance_n between_o battle_n and_o rearguard_n must_v be_v double_a that_o distance_n that_o be_v between_o vanguard_n and_o battle_n that_o there_o be_v room_n for_o both_o to_o rally_v this_o be_v observe_v by_o two_o late_a prince_n of_o orange_n maurice_n and_o henry_n in_o draw_v up_o their_o army_n follow_v therein_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o interval_n between_o their_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarii_n chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o woman_n and_o baggage_n belong_v to_o a_o army_n of_o the_o general_n waggonmaster_n and_o of_o his_o duty_n our_o levy_a man_n be_v arm_v pay_v exercise_v discipline_v divide_v into_o troop_n company_n regiment_n and_o brigade_n with_o officer_n belong_v to_o they_o and_o sufficient_o proyid_v with_o general_a officer_n and_o a_o train_n of_o artillery_n and_o at_o length_n marshal_v in_o order_n of_o battle_n be_v now_o ready_a to_o march_v but_o i_o be_o afraid_a the_o baggage_n will_v disturb_v they_o unless_o it_o be_v put_v in_o some_o order_n the_o great_a number_n of_o coach_n wagon_n cart_n and_o horse_n load_v with_o baggage_n the_o needless_a number_n of_o woman_n and_o boy_n who_o follow_v army_n render_v a_o march_n slow_a uneasy_a and_o troublesome_a and_o therefore_o the_o latin_n give_v impedimenta_fw-la baggage_n just_o call_v impedimenta_fw-la baggage_n the_o right_a name_n of_o impedimenta_fw-la hindrance_n but_o because_o without_o some_o baggage_n a_o army_n can_v subsist_v it_o will_v be_v his_o ear_n who_o command_v in_o chief_a to_o order_v the_o matter_n so_o that_o the_o baggage_n may_v be_v as_o inconsiderable_a and_o small_a as_o may_v be_v and_o that_o it_o march_v in_o such_o order_n that_o every_o waggonman_n carter_n and_o baggage-man_n may_v know_v his_o own_o place_n that_o so_o they_o may_v neither_o disturb_v one_o another_o nor_o yet_o hinder_v the_o march_n of_o the_o army_n the_o place_n where_o the_o baggage_n shall_v march_v be_v appoint_v according_a to_o the_o knowledge_n the_o general_n have_v of_o his_o enemy_n if_o he_o be_v in_o the_o rear_n the_o baggage_n shall_v be_v send_v before_o the_o army_n if_o he_o be_v in_o the_o van_n it_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o rear_n but_o in_o these_o place_n there_o shall_v be_v foot_n baggage_n shall_v have_v convoy_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n with_o it_o a_o convoy_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n strong_a or_o weak_a according_a as_o occasion_n seem_v to_o require_v and_o of_o convoy_n for_o baggage_n i_o shall_v say_v these_o few_o thing_n in_o general_a in_o they_o these_o horseman_n who_o be_v not_o very_o well_o mount_v may_v well_o enough_o be_v employ_v but_o no_o man_n be_v to_o be_v set_v there_o whether_o of_o foot_n or_o horse_n that_o be_v sick_a lame_a or_o wound_v for_o that_o be_v to_o betray_v both_o they_o and_o the_o baggage_n to_o a_o enemy_n when_o convoy_n be_v put_v to_o fight_v for_o defence_n of_o their_o charge_n as_o many_o time_n they_o be_v for_o the_o desire_n of_o booty_n spur_v man_n to_o desperate_a attempt_n they_o shall_v if_o convenient_o they_o can_v cast_v themselves_o within_o the_o wagon_n and_o cart_n draw_v up_o round_o for_o that_o purpose_n from_o whence_o musqueteer_n may_v do_v notable_a service_n and_o out_o of_o which_o retrenchment_n the_o horse_n may_v as_o they_o see_v occasion_n make_v handsome_a sally_n if_o they_o can_v get_v this_o do_v they_o shall_v be_v sure_a to_o put_v as_o much_o of_o the_o baggage_n or_o all_o of_o it_o if_o they_o may_v between_o they_o and_o their_o own_o army_n and_o themselves_o between_o the_o baggage_n and_o the_o enemy_n whether_o he_o fall_v out_o to_o be_v in_o the_o van_n or_o in_o the_o rear_n sometime_o if_o the_o danger_n appear_v to_o be_v both_o before_o and_o behind_o the_o baggage_n march_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o infantry_n and_o though_o some_o be_v of_o the_o opinion_n that_o the_o baggage_n shall_v still_o follow_v the_o artillery_n yet_o that_o do_v not_o nor_o can_v hold_v in_o all_o case_n and_o emergency_n the_o march_v of_o both_o army_n and_o baggage_n many_o time_n depend_v on_o contingent_n of_o which_o no_o determinate_a rule_n can_v be_v give_v the_o way_n to_o regulate_v baggage_n be_v to_o appoint_v under_o a_o severe_a penalty_n that_o no_o company_n troop_n or_o regiment_n shall_v have_v more_o wagon_n cart_n or_o baggage_n horse_n than_o such_o a_o set_a number_n already_o order_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n determine_v the_o number_n of_o wagon_n cart_n and_o baggage-horse_n shall_v be_v determine_v which_o shall_v be_v as_o few_o as_o may_v be_v with_o full_a power_n to_o the_o waggonmaster_n general_n to_o make_v all_o that_o be_v over_o that_o number_n prize_n with_o a_o absolute_a command_n to_o all_o colonel_n to_o assist_v he_o in_o case_n of_o opposition_n in_o the_o former_a discourse_n we_o have_v see_v that_o the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n to_o free_v themselves_o as_o much_o as_o be_v possible_a of_o this_o great_a embarras_n of_o baggage_n load_v their_o soldier_n like_o mule_n and_o ass_n this_o perhaps_o do_v suit_n those_o time_n better_a than_o it_o will_v do_v we_o but_o most_o of_o our_o modern_a allowance_n for_o carriage_n of_o a_o army_n baggage_n have_v be_v in_o the_o other_o extreme_a i_o shall_v instance_n four_o the_o swedish_n king_n and_o their_o general_n allow_v ten_o wagon_n to_o every_o troop_n of_o horse_n and_o two_o to_o every_o company_n of_o foot_n and_o a_o sutler_n wagon_n to_o every_o one_o of_o they_o sometime_o two_o to_o a_o troop_n of_o horse_n beside_o the_o wagon_n allow_v to_o wagon_n swedish_n allowance_n of_o wagon_n the_o field_n and_o staff-officer_n of_o regiment_n let_v we_o then_o suppose_v that_o the_o cavalry_n of_o a_o army_n consist_v of_o five_o thousand_o horse_n and_o these_o divide_v into_o a_o hundred_o troop_n and_o fifty_o horse_n in_o a_o troop_n be_v think_v fair_a in_o the_o german_a war._n these_o hundred_o troop_n have_v for_o themselves_o a_o thousand_o wagon_n and_o a_o hundred_o for_o their_o sutler_n model_n these_o hundred_o troop_n in_o