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profit_n of_o clover-grass_n we_o now_o wonder_v that_o so_o great_a a_o improvement_n be_v no_o soon_o discover_v and_o just_o impute_v it_o to_o our_o many_o miscarriage_n in_o our_o first_o management_n of_o it_o it_o be_v no_o small_a encouragement_n to_o we_o when_o we_o hear_v and_o see_v you_o have_v better_a success_n than_o we_o at_o first_o have_v especial_o when_o we_o see_v you_o so_o ready_a to_o communicate_v your_o experience_n for_o the_o public_a good_a to_o comply_v therefore_o with_o your_o desire_n and_o my_o own_o inclination_n to_o promote_v improvement_n i_o have_v send_v you_o some_o remark_n of_o i_o about_o this_o husbandry_n of_o clover-grass_n among_o many_o more_o and_o perhaps_o more_o considerable_a which_o may_v be_v add_v i_o have_v observe_v the_o outlandish_a seed_n to_o bring_v somewhat_o the_o broad_a leaf_n and_o of_o a_o deep_a green_a but_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o it_o be_v constant_o so_o nor_o whether_o it_o be_v better_a if_o it_o be_v i_o 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next_o year_n sow_v it_o in_o row_n and_o hoe_z it_o once_o or_o twice_o in_o a_o summer_n will_v make_v it_o prosper_v incredible_o but_o that_o the_o ordinary_a husbandman_n will_v never_o undergo_v the_o trouble_n of_o till_o some_o more_o expeditious_a instrument_n then_o the_o common_a hoe_n be_v find_v out_o which_o to_o a_o ingenious_a man_n will_v be_v a_o work_n of_o no_o great_a difficulty_n the_o spring_n be_v the_o common_a season_n of_o sow_v which_o because_o it_o ordinary_o succeed_v must_v not_o be_v find_v fault_n with_o but_o though_o that_o be_v a_o good_a time_n i_o do_v not_o think_v it_o be_v the_o best_a for_o the_o autumn_n beside_o that_o it_o be_v seldom_o or_o never_o accompany_v with_o drought_n give_v the_o great_a advantage_n of_o mellow_n the_o land_n by_o plough_v it_o immediate_o after_o the_o grain_n be_v off_o especial_o if_o such_o precede_a crop_n be_v gray-pease_n buck-wheat_n some_o broad-leafed_n plant_n for_o such_o do_v general_o must_v 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the_o neighbourhood_n and_o it_o be_v as_o easy_o answer_v that_o though_o that_o be_v true_a yet_o 1._o you_o have_v the_o summer_n profit_n 2._o your_o land_n by_o such_o graze_v shall_v be_v huge_o improve_v even_o to_o recompense_v you_o sufficient_o for_o loss_n of_o your_o clover_n so_o that_o against_o your_o next_o tillage_n after_o the_o next_o fallow_a you_o shall_v need_v little_a or_o no_o soyl._n have_v thus_o consider_v the_o best_a way_n and_o â—ime_n for_o sow_v clover_n it_o will_v be_v now_o fit_a to_o look_v to_o the_o use_n of_o it_o cut_v and_o give_v in_o rack_n green_a be_v a_o know_v good_a way_n and_o raise_v much_o soil_n to_o make_v it_o well_o into_o hay_n require_v a_o long_a and_o dry_a season_n yet_o not_o vehement_a hot_a
the_o improvement_n improve_v by_o a_o second_o edition_n of_o the_o great_a improvement_n of_o land_n by_o clover_n or_o the_o wonderful_a advantage_n by_o and_o right_a management_n of_o clover_n by_o andrew_n yarranton_n of_o ashley_n in_o the_o county_n of_o worcester_n london_n print_v by_o j._n c._n for_o francis_n rea_n bookseller_n in_o worcester_n 1663._o to_o the_o industrious_a husbandman_n freeholder_n or_o farmer_n honest_a countryman_n one_o sight_n of_o this_o ensue_a plaâ—â—_n discourse_n of_o clover_n will_v convince_v thou_o i_o intend_v not_o to_o interrupt_v thy_o honest_a labour_n with_o a_o few_o empty_a word_n to_o no_o purpose_n have_v i_o the_o art_n to_o garnish_v my_o discourse_n with_o rhetorical_a flourish_n of_o wit_n i_o shall_v hold_v it_o as_o unsuitable_a to_o the_o temper_n of_o my_o hoâ—est_a plain_n couâ—â—â—yâ—â—â—_n as_o it_o be_v to_o my_o present_a design_n which_o be_v to_o give_v you_o my_o best_a direction_n how_o you_o may_v make_v the_o best_a of_o your_o land_n to_o persuade_v man_n by_o argument_n to_o improve_v their_o estate_n be_v to_o suppose_v they_o fool_n or_o madman_n those_o that_o be_v in_o their_o wit_n that_o be_v be_v wise_a need_v not_o argument_n those_o that_o be_v otherwise_o must_v be_v otherwise_o deal_v with_o i_o suppose_v you_o be_v all_o so_o far_o convince_v that_o the_o right_a management_n of_o your_o husbandry_n be_v your_o concernment_n that_o my_o direction_n will_v be_v acceptable_a if_o i_o show_v you_o how_o it_o may_v be_v do_v and_o though_o in_o this_o little_a book_n i_o confine_v myself_o to_o one_o sort_n of_o husbandry_n which_o be_v as_o useful_a and_o profitable_a as_o any_o other_o yet_o here_o it_o will_v not_o be_v unseasonable_a if_o i_o caution_n you_o to_o beware_v of_o these_o four_o great_a obstruction_n to_o good_a husbandry_n in_o the_o general_n especial_o since_o they_o be_v injurious_a to_o this_o husbandry_n among_o the_o rest_n 1._o the_o first_o be_v ignorance_n either_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o our_o land_n or_o what_o improvement_n it_o be_v capable_a of_o the_o fit_a seed_n for_o it_o and_o season_n of_o plough_v sow_v lay_v down_o and_o break_v up_o land_n draw_v meadow_n and_o waterish_a ground_n destroy_v weed_n and_o vermine_n raise_v manure_n plant_v wood_n with_o many_o other_o such_o part_n of_o husbandry_n wherein_o it_o be_v true_a every_o husband_n have_v some_o knowledge_n but_o many_o have_v little_a more_o than_o their_o father_n leave_v they_o and_o how_o wilful_o ignorant_a be_v many_o man_n of_o that_o advantageous_a art_n of_o improve_n land_n by_o float_v it_o with_o water_n though_o this_o improvement_n be_v so_o great_a and_o many_o man_n land_n lie_v most_o visible_o convenient_a for_o it_o yet_o the_o owner_n of_o they_o though_o many_o of_o they_o be_v man_n ingenious_a in_o other_o matter_n do_v not_o discern_v it_o i_o write_v not_o this_o to_o upbraid_v any_o for_o i_o believe_v we_o have_v as_o good_a husbandry_n in_o england_n as_o be_v in_o most_o part_n and_o our_o knowledge_n therein_o be_v much_o improve_v of_o late_a but_o i_o know_v there_o will_v be_v much_o more_o advantage_n to_o ourselves_o and_o to_o the_o public_a by_o our_o estate_n and_o good_a husbandry_n if_o we_o do_v better_o observe_v those_o advantage_n that_o lie_v before_o we_o and_o better_o inform_v ourselves_o how_o to_o make_v the_o best_a use_n of_o they_o i_o wonder_v that_o any_o man_n that_o know_v what_o true_a husbandry_n mean_v shall_v think_v that_o son_n to_o be_v sit_v for_o husbandry_n who_o he_o take_v to_o be_v scarcè_fw-la capable_a of_o any_o other_o employment_n husbandry_n be_v not_o so_o easy_a a_o matter_n as_o some_o man_n imagine_v the_o unjust_a censure_n that_o man_n ignorance_n have_v bring_v upon_o the_o improvement_n of_o land_n by_o clover_n i_o will_v not_o mention_v because_o i_o find_v of_o late_a man_n have_v better_a â—it_n the_o way_n of_o manage_v it_o to_o its_o credit_n 2._o the_o second_o obstruction_n to_o good_a husbandry_n and_o improvement_n of_o land_n be_v a_o too_o stiff_o adhere_v to_o old_a custom_n i_o have_v many_o time_n wonder_v at_o the_o wilfulness_n of_o the_o irish_a and_o welshman_n who_o have_v many_o old_a custom_n in_o their_o plough_v sow_v draw_v with_o withes_n etc._n etc._n it_o can_v scarce_o be_v believe_v that_o man_n shall_v be_v guilty_a of_o such_o folly_n as_o you_o may_v see_v among_o they_o neither_o can_v you_o imagine_v how_o difficult_a it_o be_v to_o bring_v they_o off_o these_o old_a dotage_n and_o though_o our_o english_a husbandman_n be_v wise_a better_a husband_n and_o have_v cast_v off_o may_v of_o those_o old_a custom_n yet_o we_o be_v in_o many_o thing_n as_o culpable_a as_o they_o in_o retain_v those_o usage_n and_o method_n in_o husbandry_n which_o never_o any_o man_n pretend_v any_o good_a reason_n for_o but_o be_v introduce_v when_o man_n be_v most_o ignorant_a as_o a_o mere_a shift_n for_o that_o time_n only_o and_o be_v hand_v from_o one_o to_o another_o till_o they_o have_v get_v the_o venerable_a name_n of_o antiquity_n especial_o with_o those_o man_n who_o as_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o say_v will_v not_o leave_v a_o old_a mumpsimus_n for_o a_o new_a sumpsimus_fw-la our_o father_n worship_v in_o this_o mountain_n and_o our_o husbandry_n be_v thus_o manage_v before_o we_o be_v bear_v be_v argument_n against_o which_o there_o be_v no_o dispute_v i_o be_o not_o willing_a to_o uncover_v our_o father_n nakedness_n else_o i_o can_v give_v you_o too_o many_o instance_n wherein_o we_o have_v little_a reason_n to_o imitate_v they_o how_o careful_a be_v they_o in_o the_o case_n before_o mention_v with_o all_o possible_a speed_n by_o private_a gutter_n and_o ditch_n and_o other_o mean_n to_o convey_v away_o all_o rivulet_n landsloud_n or_o other_o help_n for_o float_v their_o land_n as_o though_o they_o can_v not_o be_v too_o soon_o rid_v of_o they_o whenâ—s_v they_o may_v have_v make_v a_o unspeakable_a advantage_n by_o they_o in_o float_v their_o land_n and_o how_o hard_o be_v it_o and_o have_v it_o be_v to_o dissuade_v man_n from_o follow_v their_o example_n or_o to_o step_v one_o foot_n out_o of_o the_o common_a road_n why_o shall_v we_o trouble_v ourselves_o say_v they_o to_o float_v or_o clover_n our_o land_n our_o father_n be_v live_v well_o without_o these_o new_a invention_n and_o so_o may_v we_o thus_o some_o man_n keep_v the_o old_a road_n till_o the_o whole_a country_n be_v convince_v there_o be_v a_o near_o and_o better_a way_n and_o then_o it_o be_v ten_o to_o one_o they_o as_o much_o abhor_v the_o old_a as_o they_o do_v the_o new_a but_o my_o advice_n to_o thou_o countryman_n be_v in_o thy_o husbandry_n quarrel_n with_o nothing_o mere_o because_o it_o be_v new_a esteem_v nothing_o mere_o because_o it_o be_v old_a let_v thy_o reason_n judge_n and_o when_o there_o be_v like_a reason_n for_o both_o preser_fw-ge the_o old_n but_o let_v not_o a_o old_a custom_n prevail_v against_o the_o truth_n and_o reason_n 3._o the_o three_o obstruction_n to_o good_a husbandry_n and_o improvement_n of_o land_n be_v a_o timorous_a unseasonable_a withhold_v our_o stock_n when_o it_o may_v be_v lay_v out_o to_o great_a advantage_n this_o we_o call_v penny-wise_a and_o pound-foolish_a or_o lose_v a_o good_a sheep_n for_o a_o halfpenny_n worth_a of_o tar._n and_o this_o be_v either_o in_o our_o common_a husbandry_n when_o we_o will_v not_o be_v at_o a_o little_a cost_n though_o we_o be_v almost_o sure_a of_o a_o great_a advantage_n and_o to_o save_v a_o little_a money_n loose_a much_o more_o it_o be_v but_o a_o lazy_a contentment_n to_o be_v content_a with_o what_o the_o land_n will_v yield_v we_o without_o our_o cost_n and_o pain_n 2._o some_o man_n be_v afraid_a of_o adventure_n as_o they_o call_v it_o though_o the_o case_n be_v never_o so_o plain_a until_o other_o have_v break_v the_o ice_n for_o they_o and_o so_o either_o loose_v that_o opportunity_n they_o may_v have_v improve_v or_o be_v discourage_v by_o some_o petty_a miscarriage_n or_o inconvenience_n which_o seem_v only_o to_o attend_v their_o undertake_n he_o that_o be_v afraid_a of_o venture_v 12_o lb_n of_o clover-seed_n upon_o a_o acre_n of_o ground_n that_o be_v fit_a for_o it_o the_o price_n of_o seed_n be_v so_o low_o and_o the_o advantage_n so_o great_a and_o certain_a let_v he_o lay_v down_o his_o land_n without_o it_o and_o at_o the_o three_o year_n end_n compare_v his_o own_o with_o his_o neighbour_n profit_n who_o make_v that_o adventure_n 4._o the_o four_o obstruction_n to_o good_a husbandry_n and_o improvement_n of_o land_n be_v man_n undertake_n more_o than_o they_o can_v well_o manage_v how_o often_o do_v man_n that_o can_v not_o live_v upon_o a_o great_a farm_n thrive_v upon_o a_o less_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o
censure_n it_o do_v not_o impoverish_v but_o improve_v the_o land_n for_o if_o you_o graze_v it_o altogether_o as_o some_o do_v the_o ground_n maintain_v so_o many_o more_o cattle_n than_o what_o it_o do_v before_o that_o put_v the_o question_n out_o of_o doubt_n if_o you_o mow_v it_o once_o a_o year_n and_o graze_v the_o rest_n so_o many_o cattle_n as_o it_o will_v require_v to_o keep_v it_o down_o will_v sufficient_o manure_v your_o land_n if_o you_o mow_v twice_o a_o year_n it_o help_v you_o to_o keep_v so_o many_o the_o more_o cattle_n in_o the_o house_n who_o dung_n if_o it_o be_v lay_v upon_o the_o same_o land_n will_v add_v more_o heart_n and_o virtue_n to_o it_o they_o your_o two_o crop_n of_o clover_n take_v from_o it_o in_o my_o former_a book_n i_o mention_v some_o other_o reason_n and_o i_o be_o now_o more_o full_o convince_v that_o the_o leaf_n which_o will_v avoidable_o fall_v from_o it_o do_v very_o much_o enrich_v the_o land_n you_o may_v many_o time_n see_v the_o ground_n black_a over_o with_o they_o and_o it_o be_v very_o observable_a how_o the_o ground_n in_o the_o absence_n of_o these_o leaf_n be_v cover_v over_o with_o some_o low_a branch_n of_o the_o clover_n which_o spread_v themselves_o and_o rot_v upon_o the_o ground_n whilst_o the_o top_n or_o upper_a branch_n flourish_v and_o the_o clover_n be_v much_o enrich_v by_o this_o connatural_a food_n viz._n a_o corruption_n of_o a_o superfluous_a part_n of_o the_o plant_n for_o i_o perceive_v the_o land_n do_v receive_v wonderful_a advantage_n by_o these_o leaf_n and_o branch_n and_o as_o the_o leaf_n and_o branch_n so_o the_o root_n do_v very_o much_o contribute_v towards_o the_o enrich_n of_o the_o land_n and_o the_o truth_n be_v since_o our_o country_n by_o experience_n have_v be_v convince_v that_o the_o land_n by_o clover_n be_v much_o better_v they_o have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n ascribe_v it_o to_o the_o long_a and_o large_a root_n which_o this_o plant_n leave_v in_o the_o land_n but_o it_o be_v experience_n that_o must_v resolve_v we_o in_o this_o case_n and_o indeed_o so_o it_o have_v though_o there_o be_v reason_n enough_o against_o this_o objection_n he_o that_o have_v sow_v clover_n and_o have_v the_o profit_n of_o it_o three_o or_o four_o year_n and_o then_o have_v sow_v corn_n till_o be_v come_v to_o lay_v down_o his_o land_n with_o clover_n again_o be_v most_o like_a to_o give_v the_o true_a answer_n to_o this_o question_n i_o confess_v i_o have_v a_o great_a desire_n to_o be_v resolve_v in_o this_o point_n and_o to_o that_o end_n i_o have_v make_v all_o the_o trial_n i_o can_v for_o this_o 5_o year_n and_o have_v observe_v other_o clover_n husbandry_n and_o coâ—n_o after_o it_o and_o have_v put_v some_o upon_o the_o trial_n of_o it_o by_o sow_v corn_n just_a after_o it_o and_o true_o though_o at_o first_o i_o be_v of_o the_o objector_n opinion_n yet_o by_o my_o experience_n and_o observation_n i_o be_o convince_v of_o the_o contrary_a and_o i_o can_v upon_o inquiry_n find_v any_o one_o judicious_a person_n that_o have_v for_o any_o competent_a time_n use_v this_o husbandry_n but_o he_o be_v full_o satisfy_v that_o clover_n leave_v the_o land_n better_o than_o it_o find_v it_o it_o be_v too_o long_o to_o tell_v you_o what_o many_o man_n with_o who_o i_o have_v discourse_v have_v tell_v i_o who_o be_v once_o discourage_v by_o this_o objection_n but_o be_v now_o upon_o trial_n full_o satisfy_v if_o you_o peruse_v any_o writing_n about_o clover_n you_o will_v find_v that_o in_o the_o first_o trial_n of_o it_o in_o england_n those_o gentleman_n that_o then_o write_v find_v that_o it_o do_v improve_v the_o land_n mr._n walter_n blithe_n tell_v we_o that_o clover_n have_v this_o property_n after_o 3_o or_o 4_o year_n it_o do_v so_o frame_v the_o earth_n that_o it_o be_v much_o the_o fit_a for_o corn_n in_o his_o improver_n improve_v pag._n 104._o sir_n richard_n weston_n say_v the_o land_n be_v plough_v after_o clover_n it_o will_v yield_v 3_o or_o 4_o year_n together_o rich_a crop_n of_o wheat_n and_o after_o that_o a_o crop_n of_o oat_n with_o which_o you_o may_v lay_v it_o down_o again_o with_o clover_n these_o be_v his_o own_o word_n i_o can_v give_v you_o many_o more_o answer_n and_o experiment_n that_o may_v full_o satisfy_v any_o that_o yet_o doubt_v but_o that_o i_o perceive_v there_o be_v no_o need_n with_o we_o and_o therefore_o i_o leave_v you_o to_o experience_n which_o have_v convince_v many_o that_o otherwise_o will_v not_o be_v satisfy_v and_o though_o i_o think_v no_o reasonable_a man_n can_v object_v yet_o if_o any_o shall_v imagine_v that_o it_o will_v abate_v our_o tillage_n of_o corn_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o make_v it_o out_o that_o it_o will_v much_o increase_v it_o for_o a_o three_o part_n of_o that_o ground_n you_o be_v force_v to_o lay_v down_o for_o grass_n to_o maintain_v your_o cattle_n wherewith_o to_o till_o your_o land_n will_v maintain_v they_o so_o that_o you_o may_v till_o much_o more_o of_o your_o land_n then_o before_o you_o can_v i_o can_v make_v it_o appear_v six_o acre_n of_o land_n in_o clover_n will_v keep_v as_o many_o cattle_n as_o thirty_o acre_n of_o natural_a grass_n and_o beside_o your_o land_n need_v not_o now_o lie_v out_o of_o tillage_n so_o long_o as_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o do_v but_o once_o in_o four_o or_o five_o year_n you_o may_v break_v it_o up_o and_o it_o shall_v be_v as_o sit_v for_o tillage_n as_o though_o it_o have_v lie_v 20_o year_n with_o natural_a grass_n the_o case_n indeed_o be_v so_o plain_a that_o i_o need_v not_o trouble_v you_o with_o a_o answer_n to_o this_o conceit_n what_o be_v the_o fit_a land_n to_o sow_v clover_n upon_o in_o my_o former_a book_n you_o have_v a_o account_n of_o the_o fit_a land_n for_o this_o husbandry_n and_o as_o they_o be_v the_o land_n most_o fit_a so_o it_o be_v land_n that_o may_v be_v best_a spare_v especial_o at_o the_o time_n when_o it_o be_v to_o be_v clover_v viz._n when_o you_o be_v to_o lay_v it_o down_o for_o grass_n for_o the_o two_o first_o year_n it_o yield_v very_o little_a profit_n i_o find_v upon_o my_o observation_n in_o general_n all_o garvelly_a dry_a land_n be_v good_a for_o this_o purpose_n especial_o if_o it_o be_v lime_v well_o before_o and_o be_v land_n that_o be_v not_o very_o poor_a nor_o extreme_o out_o of_o heart_n but_o if_o it_o be_v in_o good_a heart_n and_o be_v worth_a nine_o or_o ten_o shilling_n the_o acre_n the_o profit_n of_o it_o will_v be_v the_o great_a and_o more_o certain_a it_o be_v a_o conceit_n direct_o against_o reason_n and_o experience_n that_o the_o barren_a and_o poor_a land_n be_v fit_a for_o clover_n for_o though_o it_o will_v grow_v upon_o very_o poor_a land_n that_o have_v be_v lime_v and_o will_v raise_v very_o great_a profit_n yea_o and_o poor_a land_n without_o lime_n with_o a_o little_a good_a husbandry_n by_o clover_n will_v yield_v good_a advantage_n yet_o we_o must_v not_o think_v the_o poor_a the_o land_n be_v the_o fit_a it_o be_v for_o glover_n though_o clover_n be_v the_o best_a improvement_n of_o barren_a land_n yet_o poor_a and_o barren_a land_n be_v not_o best_o for_o clover_n but_o as_o for_o the_o particular_a land_n that_o be_v fit_a for_o this_o husbandry_n i_o say_v 1._o first_o it_o be_v beyond_o all_o doubt_n that_o the_o best_a and_o fit_a land_n be_v that_o which_o have_v be_v in_o tillage_n about_o six_o or_o eight_o year_n that_o have_v be_v well_o lime_v and_o be_v dry_a and_o gravelly_a and_o not_o apt_a to_o bear_v its_o natural_a grass_n the_o first_o and_o second_o year_n 2._o a_o second_o sort_n be_v a_o broomy_a and_o fearny_a dry_a land_n that_o have_v be_v well_o lime_v and_o have_v be_v in_o tillage_n six_o or_o eight_o year_n 3._o a_o three_o sort_n be_v mix_v land_n that_o be_v natural_o dry_a that_o have_v be_v lime_v and_o that_o lie_v dry_a in_o the_o winter_n 4._o a_o four_o sort_n be_v rie-land_n which_o be_v dry_a and_o sandy_a which_o also_o have_v be_v lime_v i_o take_v these_o four_o sort_n of_o land_n to_o be_v fit_a for_o clover_n and_o though_o i_o mention_v they_o all_o as_o lime_v yet_o in_o those_o part_n where_o no_o lime_n can_v be_v have_v at_o reasonable_a rate_n and_o they_o have_v any_o of_o these_o four_o sort_n of_o land_n clover_n will_v yield_v they_o a_o very_a great_a advantage_n for_o these_o land_n be_v in_o their_o own_o nature_n very_o fit_a for_o clover_n and_o it_o grow_v very_o well_o upon_o it_o where_o there_o have_v be_v no_o lime_n yet_o i_o advise_v you_o to_o use_v lime_n where_o it_o be_v to_o be_v have_v i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o find_v out_o the_o