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make_v any_o great_a commotion_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n upon_o which_o so_o great_a a_o mass_n of_o salt-water_n which_o be_v heavy_a than_o fresh_a be_v constant_o incumbent_a wherefore_o for_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o propose_a paradox_n i_o will_v here_o set_v down_o a_o memorable_a relation_n which_o my_o inquiry_n get_v i_o from_o the_o diver_n elsewhere_o mention_v who_o by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o engine_n can_v stay_v some_o hour_n under_o water_n this_o person_n then_o be_v ask_v whether_o he_o observe_v any_o operation_n of_o the_o wind_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n where_o it_o be_v of_o any_o considerable_a depth_n answer_v i_o to_o this_o purpose_n that_o the_o wind_n be_v stiff_o so_o that_o the_o wave_n be_v manifest_o six_o or_o seven_o foot_n high_a above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n he_o find_v no_o sign_n of_o it_o at_o 15_o fathom_n deep_a but_o if_o the_o blast_n continue_v long_o than_o it_o move_v the_o mudd_n at_o the_o bottom_n 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likely_a to_o be_v subject_a to_o very_o trouble_a sea_n it_o will_v perhaps_o be_v think_v no_o slight_a addition_n to_o the_o foregoing_a argument_n if_o i_o here_o add_v that_o meet_v one_o day_n with_o a_o ancient_a and_o expert_a seaman_n who_o his_o merit_n have_v advance_v to_o considerable_a employment_n in_o his_o profession_n i_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o inquiry_n i_o make_v of_o he_o not_o only_o in_o the_o opinion_n i_o have_v about_o the_o calmness_n of_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o also_o that_o the_o operation_n of_o good_a gale_n of_o wind_n do_v oftentimes_o not_o reach_v to_o near_o so_o considerable_a depth_n into_o the_o sea_n as_o have_v be_v hitherto_o suppose_v even_o by_o navigator_n themselves_o for_o he_o assure_v i_o that_o have_v sometime_o sail_v in_o great_a ship_n that_o draw_v much_o water_n as_o about_o 12_o or_o 15_o foot_n he_o have_v dive_v to_o the_o keel_n of_o the_o ship_n when_o they_o be_v under_o sail_n and_o observe_v the_o agitation_n of_o the_o water_n to_o be_v exceed_o diminish_v and_o grow_v very_o languid_a even_o at_o that_o small_a distance_n from_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o wave_n and_o he_o far_o answer_v that_o when_o in_o america_n he_o learn_v to_o dive_v of_o the_o indian_n they_o teach_v he_o by_o their_o example_n to_o creep_v along_o by_o the_o rock_n and_o great_a stone_n that_o lie_v near_o the_o shore_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n to_o shelter_v themselves_o from_o the_o stroke_n and_o other_o ill_a effect_n of_o the_o billow_n which_o near_o the_o shore_n and_o where_o the_o sea_n be_v so_o shallow_a as_o it_o be_v there_o do_v oftenhurt_a and_o endanger_v swimmer_n and_o unskillful_a divers_n but_o when_o they_o be_v by_o this_o mean_n get_v further_o from_o shore_n and_o into_o deep_a water_n they_o will_v secure_o leave_v the_o shelter_n they_o have_v till_o then_o make_v use_v of_o and_o swim_v within_o a_o few_o yard_n of_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o 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one_o of_o the_o ancient_a and_o most_o experien'st_a pilot_n of_o our_o nation_n this_o person_n therefore_o assure_v i_o that_o sail_v beyond_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n into_o the_o south_n sea_n make_v trial_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o water_n above_o the_o low_a where_o sometime_o cast_v out_o a_o large_a and_o heavy_a plummet_n he_o let_v it_o down_o to_o several_a depth_n short_a of_o 50_o fathom_n without_o any_o sensible_a operation_n upon_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o boat_n or_o shallop_z he_o stand_v in_o to_o make_v the_o trial_n but_o when_o he_o let_v down_o the_o plummet_n low_o to_o about_o a_o hundred_o fathom_n or_o more_o than_o he_o find_v that_o though_o the_o plummet_n reach_v not_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n yet_o upon_o the_o score_n of_o the_o stand_a water_n beneath_o the_o superior_a water_n will_v make_v the_o boâ—t_a turn_n towards_o the_o tide_n or_o current_n as_o if_o it_o lay_v at_o anchor_n and_o the_o water_n will_v run_v by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o boat_n at_o the_o rate_n of_o about_o three_o mile_n a_o hour_n thus_o far_o this_o diligent_a observer_n but_o how_o far_o the_o inequality_n of_o the_o soil_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o how_o far_o the_o various_a depth_n of_o the_o water_n and_o some_o other_o circumstance_n may_v alter_v the_o case_n and_o make_v it_o hard_o to_o determine_v what_o ought_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o tide_n and_o what_o to_o current_n and_o be_v thing_n which_o i_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v positive_a in_o till_o i_o can_v meet_v with_o further_a information_n since_o the_o write_n of_o this_o happen_v to_o meet_v with_o one_o that_o spend_v some_o time_n at_o a_o famous_a eastern_a pearle-fishing_a and_o ask_v he_o whether_o he_o have_v inquire_v of_o the_o divers_a about_o the_o problem_n late_o propose_v and_o whether_o the_o sea_n be_v there_o deep_a enough_o to_o make_v observation_n of_o that_o kind_n to_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o which_o question_n he_o reply_v that_o in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v of_o a_o very_a considerable_a depth_n and_o fit_a to_o make_v the_o observation_n in_o and_o to_o the_o former_a he_o answer_v that_o he_o have_v inquire_v of_o the_o divers_a who_o affirm_v to_o he_o that_o sometime_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o deep_a water_n there_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o stagnation_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o a_o great_a depth_n so_o that_o till_o such_o a_o height_n they_o can_v rise_v direct_o upward_o but_o that_o at_o other_o height_n they_o will_v be_v carry_v away_o by_o the_o less_o deep-water_n so_o as_o to_o be_v find_v when_o they_o come_v to_o emerge_n a_o great_a way_n off_o from_o that_o point_n of_o the_o surface_n which_o be_v perpendicular_a to_o that_o place_n at_o the_o bottom_n whence_o they_o begin_v to_o ascend_v finis_fw-la
easy_o believe_v he_o when_o he_o confess_v that_o he_o feel_v it_o much_o the_o cold_o because_o he_o have_v leave_v of_o his_o own_o clothes_n and_o put_v on_o the_o slight_a garment_n use_v there_o by_o the_o digger_n he_o further_o inform_v his_o reader_n that_o when_o they_o have_v descend_v about_o 80_o fathom_n beneath_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n he_o begin_v to_o feel_v a_o breath_n of_o a_o almost_o lukewarm_a air_n which_o warmth_n increase_v upon_o he_o as_o he_o descend_v low_a please_v he_o not_o a_o little_a because_o it_o free_v he_o from_o the_o troublesome_a scent_n of_o his_o former_a coldness_n add_v that_o the_o overseer_n of_o the_o mine_n who_o conduct_v he_o affirm_v to_o he_o as_o also_o the_o officer_n of_o other_o hungarian_a mine_n unanimous_o do_v that_o in_o all_o their_o mine_n at_o least_o all_o the_o deep_a one_o after_o a_o thick_a tract_n of_o cold_a earth_n there_o succeed_v a_o low_a region_n that_o be_v always_o hot_a and_o that_o after_o they_o arrive_v at_o such_o a_o depth_n they_o feel_v not_o any_o more_o cold_a but_o always_o heat_n how_o deep_a soever_o they_o dig_v and_o to_o add_v upon_o the_o by_o though_o this_o learned_a man_n lie_v much_o weight_n upon_o antiperistasis_n yet_o in_o the_o next_o page_n to_o those_o that_o contain_v what_o i_o have_v be_v just_a now_o relate_v he_o either_o very_o candid_o or_o inconsiderate_o take_v notice_n that_o they_o inform_v he_o that_o their_o mine_n whether_o more_a or_o less_o deep_a they_o observe_v that_o at_o some_o time_n in_o the_o year_n a_o somewhat_o intenser_n heat_n be_v feel_v and_o the_o two_o time_n that_o he_o express_o name_n be_v those_o opposite_o qualify_v season_n of_o summer_n and_o winter_n have_v lay_v down_o these_o general_a narrative_n i_o now_o proceed_v to_o consider_v the_o earth_n region_n in_o particular_a about_o which_o the_o sum_n of_o what_o i_o yet_o have_v to_o propound_v may_v be_v convenient_o enough_o comprise_v in_o the_o 4_o follow_a proposition_n chap._n iii_o proposition_n the_o 1._o the_o first_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v very_o variable_a both_o as_o to_o bound_n and_o as_o to_o temperature_n the_o former_a part_n of_o this_o observation_n will_v not_o be_v difficult_a to_o prove_v since_o it_o will_v be_v easy_o grant_v that_o the_o manifest_a operation_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n be_v caeteris_fw-la paribus_fw-la great_a and_o reach_v further_a in_o hot_a climate_n then_o in_o cold_a one_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n then_o in_o the_o depth_n of_o winter_n the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o observation_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o same_o argument_n as_o the_o first_o to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v as_o to_o some_o place_n the_o solidity_n or_o porousness_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o also_o the_o nature_n of_o some_o salt_n marchasite_n and_o other_o body_n contain_v in_o it_o which_o by_o their_o natural_a temperature_n may_v dispose_v the_o soil_n to_o coldness_n or_o heat_n as_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o show_v when_o i_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o second_o region_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n i_o have_v this_o to_o observe_v further_o that_o in_o this_o first_o region_n the_o air_n be_v usual_o more_o temperate_a as_o to_o cold_a and_o heat_n then_o that_o above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o this_o region_n be_v not_o wont_a to_o be_v considerable_o deep_a both_o part_n of_o which_o observation_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v make_v good_a by_o the_o same_o reason_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o prove_v they_o joint_o that_o in_o the_o uppermost_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o shall_v be_v less_o cold_a than_o above_o the_o surface_n seem_v reasonable_a to_o be_v allow_v upon_o this_o consideration_n that_o the_o subterraneal_a cavity_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v shelter_v by_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o side_n from_o the_o direct_a action_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n the_o wind_n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v also_o keep_v from_o a_o immediate_a or_o at_o least_o from_o so_o full_a a_o contact_n of_o the_o external_a air_n when_o that_o be_v vehement_o either_o heat_v or_o refrigerated_a and_o first_o as_o to_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n that_o that_o do_v much_o less_o powerful_o affect_v such_o place_n as_o be_v shelter_v from_o its_o action_n by_o solid_a body_n may_v appear_v by_o the_o conservatory_n of_o ice_n and_o snow_n wherein_o freeze_a water_n be_v keep_v in_o that_o state_n during_o all_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n and_o that_o oftentimes_o in_o cavity_n that_o be_v at_o no_o considerable_a depth_n beneath_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n nay_o i_o remember_v that_o have_v have_v occasion_n for_o the_o perfect_a of_o some_o conclusion_n i_o be_v try_v to_o keep_v ice_n many_o week_n after_o the_o frosty_a wether_n be_v go_v and_o a_o mild_a season_n be_v come_v in_o i_o be_v able_a to_o do_v it_o contrary_a to_o the_o expectation_n of_o some_o curious_a man_n without_o either_o dig_v to_o a_o notable_a depth_n in_o the_o ground_n or_o build_v any_o substantial_a structure_n over_o the_o cavity_n for_o want_v conveniency_n i_o content_v myself_o though_o it_o be_v in_o a_o champain_n place_n with_o a_o pit_n somewhat_o broad_a at_o the_o bottom_n of_o about_o four_o foot_n deep_a or_o less_o who_o mouth_n be_v shelter_v only_o by_o a_o little_a low_a thatch_a hovel_n that_o be_v wide_o open_a to_o the_o north_n and_o only_o screen_v the_o mouth_n or_o vent_v of_o the_o little_a pit_n from_o the_o direct_a beam_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o though_o i_o will_v not_o deny_v that_o in_o deep_a conservatory_n of_o snow_n the_o natural_a coldness_n of_o the_o earth_n especial_o in_o some_o place_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o effect_n yet_o i_o remember_v that_o discourse_v once_o with_o a_o traveller_n and_o scholar_n that_o be_v bear_v in_o hot_a country_n of_o a_o conjecture_n of_o i_o that_o in_o a_o arch_a building_n who_o wall_n be_v sufficient_o thick_a and_o who_o air_n be_v careful_o keep_v from_o all_o avoidable_a intercourse_n with_o the_o external_a air_n one_o may_v without_o dig_v so_o much_o as_o a_o man_n depth_n into_o the_o ground_n make_v a_o sufficient_a conservatory_n for_o ice_n in_o very_o open_a and_o unshelter_v place_n and_o even_o such_o as_o salisbury_z plain_a itself_o discourse_v as_o i_o begin_v to_o say_v with_o this_o traveller_n about_o this_o conjecture_n he_o tell_v i_o that_o at_o a_o place_n he_o name_v to_o i_o in_o the_o southern_a part_n of_o france_n who_o heat_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o exceed_v that_o of_o divers_a part_n of_o italy_n some_o curious_a person_n that_o be_v resolve_v at_o any_o rate_n to_o have_v ice_n in_o summer_n though_o the_o soil_n be_v such_o that_o they_o can_v not_o dig_v 4_o foot_n without_o meeting_n with_o water_n be_v yet_o able_a to_o make_v use_n of_o conservatory_n by_o cover_v the_o brick-building_n they_o make_v over_o their_o pit_n with_o clay_n and_o sand_n to_o a_o very_a considerable_a thickness_n and_o take_v care_n that_o the_o only_a place_n that_o shall_v permit_v access_n to_o the_o outward_a air_n shall_v be_v a_o small_a northern_a door_n to_o go_v in_o and_o out_o at_o fit_v to_o shut_v exact_o close_a and_o fence_v with_o a_o little_a porch_n furnish_v with_o another_o door_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v he_o affirm_v these_o gentleman_n to_o reserve_v the_o include_v ice_n not_o only_o all_o the_o summer_n long_o but_o sometime_o for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n together_o the_o heat_n of_o that_o region_n make_v many_o of_o their_o winter_n too_o mild_a to_o recruit_v they_o with_o ice_n to_o all_o these_o thing_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o even_o where_o the_o intercourse_n be_v not_o quite_o debar_v but_o leave_v free_a enough_o betwixt_o the_o subterraneal_a and_o the_o superior_a air_n the_o operation_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n may_v be_v very_o much_o less_o in_o a_o cavity_n though_o but_o shallow_a beneath_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ground_n then_o above_o it_o for_o beside_o that_o trial_n have_v inform_v i_o that_o liquor_n that_o differ_v in_o little_a else_o then_o in_o consistence_n will_v not_o so_o easy_o pervade_v each_o other_o as_o a_o man_n will_v surmise_v unless_o some_o external_a motion_n hasten_v their_o intimate_a mingle_n with_o one_o another_o i_o remember_v that_o one_o morning_n pretty_a late_a have_v have_v the_o curiosity_n to_o descend_v into_o a_o pit_n where_o they_o be_v dig_v out_o iron_n oar_n though_o this_o cavity_n have_v not_o very_o narrow_a orifice_n and_o be_v dug_n direct_o downward_o and_o exceed_v not_o ten_o or_o twelve_o foot_n in_o depth_n yet_o i_o find_v not_o the_o heat_n at_o all_o troublesome_a whilst_o i_o stay_v there_o though_o the_o pit_n be_v in_o a_o open_a field_n unshade_v by_o tree_n and_o though_o
the_o answer_n i_o receive_v from_o a_o very_a ingenious_a gentleman_n who_o live_v among_o mine_n and_o be_v not_o a_o little_a concern_v in_o some_o of_o they_o for_o have_v inquire_v of_o he_o what_o he_o have_v observe_v about_o the_o lie_a or_o not_o lie_v of_o the_o snow_n on_o the_o mineral_n soil_v near_o the_o place_n of_o his_o residence_n he_o reply_v that_o in_o some_o of_o they_o he_o do_v not_o take_v notice_n of_o any_o peculiar_a indisposition_n to_o let_v the_o ice_n and_o snow_n continue_v on_o they_o which_o i_o conceive_v may_v proceed_v either_o from_o the_o want_n of_o such_o mineral_n in_o the_o subjacent_a part_n as_o be_v then_o in_o the_o state_n of_o incalescence_n or_o else_o from_o this_o that_o according_a to_o what_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o observe_v about_o the_o snow_n on_o aetna_n the_o direct_a ascension_n of_o the_o hot_a steam_n be_v hinder_v by_o some_o layer_n of_o rock_n or_o other_o stone_n through_o which_o the_o steam_n can_v not_o penetrate_v or_o can_v do_v it_o but_o so_o slow_o as_o to_o loose_v their_o actual_a warmth_n by_o the_o way_n but_o this_o gentleman_n add_v that_o in_o other_o place_n near_o that_o of_o his_o abode_n and_o such_o as_o he_o know_v to_o have_v minerall-vein_n beneath_o they_o he_o observe_v that_o the_o snow_n nor_o the_o ice_n will_v scarce_o continue_v at_o all_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ground_n even_o in_o a_o extraordinary_o cold_a winter_n it_o will_v be_v a_o considerable_a instance_n to_o our_o purpose_n if_o it_o be_v indeed_o true_a which_o some_o learned_a man_n have_v write_v that_o near_o the_o gold-mine_n in_o hungary_n the_o leaf_n of_o the_o tree_n especial_o those_o that_o respct_v the_o ground_n be_v oftentimes_o find_v ennoble_v with_o a_o golden-colour_n from_o the_o metalline_a exhalation_n of_o the_o gold-mine_n which_o one_o will_v think_v must_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o ponderousnesse_n need_v a_o considerable_a heat_n to_o elevate_v they_o especial_o into_o the_o open_a air._n but_o though_o doubt_v of_o this_o relation_n as_o not_o make_v by_o mineralist_n or_o accurate_a observer_n i_o inquire_v about_o it_o of_o a_o person_n who_o curiosity_n carry_v he_o purposely_o to_o visit_v those_o mine_n i_o be_v answer_v that_o he_o can_v not_o be_v a_o witness_n to_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o observation_n yet_o he_o tell_v i_o a_o observation_n which_o i_o else_o where_o mention_n that_o do_v not_o discountenance_v that_o tradition_n if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o what_o have_v hitherto_o be_v say_v about_o latent_fw-la fire_n and_o heat_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o warmth_n only_o of_o those_o place_n that_o be_v within_o teach_v of_o the_o action_n of_o such_o magazine_n of_o heat_n which_o probable_o may_v be_v want_v in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n i_o shall_v ready_o confess_v that_o as_o i_o first_o make_v this_o objection_n to_o myself_o so_o i_o do_v not_o yet_o discern_v it_o to_o be_v unreasonable_a and_o that_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v if_o man_n have_v occasion_n to_o dig_v as_o deep_a and_o be_v as_o far_o conversant_a in_o many_o other_o low_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o there_o be_v no_o sign_n of_o mineral_n as_o they_o have_v do_v where_o the_o hope_n of_o actual_a discovery_n of_o vein_n of_o metal_n and_o other_o mineral_n worth_a work_n have_v invite_v they_o divers_a place_n in_o the_o three_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v meet_v with_o that_o will_v bedestitute_a of_o the_o warmth_n that_o have_v hitherto_o be_v general_o find_v in_o place_n of_o the_o same_o region_n that_o either_o abound_v with_o mineral_n themselves_o or_o be_v near_o some_o of_o the_o deep_a and_o latent_fw-la aestuary_n abovementioned_a and_o as_o for_o those_o part_n of_o the_o three_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o man_n feel_v not_o only_o warm_a but_o troublesom_o hot_a that_o incommodious_a degree_n of_o heat_n seem_v not_o at_o least_o in_o some_o place_n to_o be_v derivable_a from_o the_o two_o above_o mention_v cause_n which_o must_v to_o produce_v so_o considerable_a a_o effect_n be_v assist_v by_o a_o three_o cause_n more_o potent_a than_o themselves_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o incalescence_n there_o be_v produce_v in_o many_o mine_n and_o other_o place_n by_o the_o mutual_a action_n of_o the_o component_a part_n promote_v by_o water_n of_o immature_n and_o more_o loose_o context_v mineral_n especial_o such_o as_o be_v of_o a_o marchasiticall_a nature_n that_o such_o a_o incalescence_n may_v by_o such_o a_o way_n be_v produce_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n i_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v in_o my_o discourse_n of_o subterraneal_a fire_n &_o heat_n by_o the_o example_n of_o such_o incalescence_n producible_a in_o mineral_n body_n here_o above_o ground_n that_o marchasite_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n abound_v in_o vitriol_n be_v body_n very_o fit_a to_o procure_v this_o subterraneal_a heat_n may_v be_v consirm_v not_o only_o by_o the_o sulphureous_a and_o saline_n part_n they_o abound_v with_o and_o by_o this_o that_o many_o of_o they_o may_v be_v wrought_v on_o as_o we_o have_v try_v both_o by_o simple_a water_n and_o even_o by_o moist_a air_n which_o argue_v the_o resolublenesse_n of_o their_o constitution_n but_o also_o by_o this_o that_o have_v purposely_o inquire_v of_o a_o gentleman_n that_o go_v out_o of_o curiosity_n to_o visit_v one_o of_o the_o deep_a hungarian_a mine_v he_o confirm_v to_o i_o what_o i_o have_v otherwise_o be_v inform_v of_o by_o answer_v i_o that_o in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o mâ—ne_n he_o have_v gather_v vitriol_n that_o appear_v above_o ground_n to_o be_v of_o a_o golden_a nature_n and_o that_o in_o a_o cave_n that_o be_v on_o one_o side_n of_o the_o groove_n in_o the_o deep_a gold-mine_n near_o cremnitzo_n the_o corrosive_a smell_n be_v so_o strong_a and_o noxious_a that_o man_n have_v not_o dare_v to_o dig_v out_o the_o native_a gold_n it_o rich_o abound_v with_o be_v deter_v by_o the_o ill_a fate_n of_o liver_n that_o venture_v to_o work_v in_o it_o add_v that_o though_o he_o pass_v by_o it_o in_o great_a haste_n yet_o he_o can_v not_o avoid_v the_o be_v offend_v by_o the_o noisome_a exhalation_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n it_o will_v not_o be_v i_o presume_v dislike_v if_o i_o illustrate_v what_o i_o be_v save_v of_o immature_n mineral_n by_o subjoin_v that_o have_v ask_v this_o chemist_n whether_o the_o vitriol_n he_o find_v very_o deep_a underground_n be_v all_o solid_a or_o some_o of_o it_o soft_a he_o affirm_v that_o as_o he_o gather_v it_o he_o find_v some_o of_o it_o soft_a and_o to_o satisfy_v my_o curiosity_n to_o know_v whether_o it_o continue_v that_o yield_a consistence_n he_o further_o tell_v i_o that_o it_o be_v soft_a in_o the_o deep_a part_n of_o the_o i_o but_o when_o he_o have_v bring_v it_o into_o the_o superterrestriall_a air_n it_o harden_v there_o and_o appear_v to_o have_v 9_o divers_a golden_a 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effect_n the_o relation_n here_o mean_v be_v afford_v we_o by_o the_o follow_a passage_n take_v out_o of_o the_o voyage_n of_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr mont_n into_o new-france_n whereof_o he_o go_v to_o be_v governor_n where_o the_o relator_n thus_o recite_v his_o observation_n about_o the_o eighteen_o day_n of_o june_n we_o find_v the_o sea-water_n during_o three_o day_n space_n very_o warm_a and_o by_o the_o same_o warmth_n our_o wine_n also_o be_v warm_a in_o the_o bottom_n of_o our_o ship_n yet_o the_o air_n be_v no_o hot_a than_o before_o and_o the_o 21_o of_o the_o say_a month_n quite_o contrary_a we_o be_v 2_o or_o 3_o day_n so_o much_o compass_v with_o mist_n and_o cold_a that_o we_o think_v ourselves_o to_o be_v in_o the_o month_n of_o january_n and_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v extreme_a cold_a which_o continue_v with_o we_o until_o we_o come_v upon_o the_o bank_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o say_a mist_n which_o outward_o do_v procure_v this_o cold_a unto_o we_o this_o effect_n he_o attribute_n to_o a_o kind_n of_o antiperistasis_n in_o the_o follow_a part_n of_o his_o narrative_a which_o i_o shall_v not_o now_o either_o transcribe_v or_o examine_v chap._n 3_o and_o thus_o much_o be_v brief_o note_v touch_v the_o upper_a region_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o requisite_a caution_n that_o may_v perhaps_o extend_v further_o than_o it_o be_v premise_v it_o remain_v that_o i_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o low_a region_n which_o in_o one_o word_n be_v cold_a unless_o in_o some_o few_o place_n to_o be_v present_o mention_v for_o water_n be_v in_o its_o natural_a or_o most_o ordinary_a state_n a_o liquor_n who_o part_n be_v more_o slow_o agitate_a then_o those_o of_o man_n organ_n of_o feel_v must_v be_v upon_o that_o account_n cold_a as_o to_o sense_n and_o consequent_o it_o need_v not_o be_v strange_a that_o those_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v too_o remote_a to_o be_v sensible_o agitate_a by_o the_o sunbeam_n or_o wrought_v upon_o by_o the_o warmth_n which_o the_o air_n and_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v from_o other_o cause_n receive_v shall_v be_v feel_v cold_a by_o those_o that_o descend_v into_o it_o unless_o in_o those_o few_o place_n where_o the_o coldness_n may_v be_v either_o expel_v or_o allay_v by_o hot_a spring_n or_o subterrestrial_a exhalation_n flow_v or_o ascend_v from_o the_o subjacent_a earth_n or_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o shore_n into_o the_o incumbent_n or_o adjacent_a part_n of_o the_o water_n to_o justify_v my_o ascribe_v of_o this_o coldness_n to_o the_o second_o or_o low_a region_n of_o the_o sea_n i_o shall_v now_o subjoin_v some_o relation_n i_o procure_v from_o person_n that_o have_v occasion_n to_o go_v down_o into_o it_o or_o otherways_o take_v notice_n of_o its_o temperature_n in_o very_a differ_a region_n of_o the_o world_n and_o at_o very_o unequal_a depth_n and_o first_o as_o to_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o low_a region_n in_o the_o northern_a sea_n i_o have_v the_o opportunity_n to_o converse_v often_o and_o sometime_o to_o oblige_v a_o man_n bold_a and_o curious_a enough_o who_o for_o some_o year_n get_v the_o best_a part_n of_o his_o subsistence_n by_o descend_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o a_o engine_n who_o structure_n i_o elsewhere_o describe_v to_o seek_v for_o and_o recover_v good_n lose_v in_o shipwrack_v vessel_n this_o person_n i_o diligent_o examine_v about_o divers_a submarine_n phaenomena_n about_o which_o his_o answer_n may_v be_v elsewhere_o meet_v with_o and_o as_o to_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o knowledge_n of_o which_o be_v that_o alone_a that_o concern_v we_o in_o this_o place_n he_o several_a time_n complain_v to_o i_o of_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o deep_a water_n which_o keep_v he_o from_o be_v able_a to_o stay_v in_o it_o so_o long_o as_o he_o may_v have_v be_v put_v into_o a_o condition_n of_o do_v by_o the_o goodness_n of_o his_o engine_n for_o i_o 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make_v in_o june_n yet_o about_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o ship_n it_o be_v so_o very_o cold_a that_o he_o feel_v it_o not_o so_o cold_a in_o england_n winter_n and_o frosty_a weather_n and_o he_o tell_v i_o that_o a_o excessive_a cold_a be_v there_o feel_v not_o only_o by_o he_o but_o by_o very_o sturdy_a man_n who_o invite_v by_o his_o example_n will_v needs_o also_o go_v down_o themselves_o to_o participate_v and_o promote_v the_o hope_v for_o discovery_n he_o tell_v i_o also_o that_o the_o upper_a water_n do_v but_o cool_a and_o refresh_v he_o but_o the_o deep_a he_o go_v the_o cold_o he_o feel_v it_o which_o be_v the_o more_o considerable_a because_o he_o have_v some_o time_n occasion_n to_o stay_v at_o 10_o fathom_n or_o even_o 80_o foot_n under_o water_n and_o i_o since_o find_v that_o he_o inform_v divers_a virtuoso_n that_o purposely_o consult_v he_o that_o he_o find_v the_o coldness_n of_o the_o water_n increase_v with_o its_o depth_n and_o give_v that_o for_o the_o reason_n 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for_o coral_n pearl_n and_o other_o submarine_n production_n have_v make_v it_o possible_a for_o i_o to_o get_v more_o numerous_a observation_n some_o of_o which_o i_o shall_v now_o annex_v chap._n 4._o meet_v with_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n who_o have_v be_v present_a at_o the_o sish_n of_o coral_n upon_o the_o shore_n of_o africa_n and_o who_o be_v himself_o practise_v in_o dive_v i_o inquire_v of_o he_o whether_o he_o find_v the_o sea_n upon_o the_o african_a coast_n to_o be_v much_o cold_a at_o a_o good_a depth_n then_o near_o the_o surface_n whereto_o he_o answer_v i_o that_o though_o he_o have_v seldom_o dive_v above_o three_o or_o four_o fathom_n deep_a yet_o at_o that_o depth_n he_o find_v it_o so_o much_o
hard_a coral_n ground_n then_o sudden_o deepn_v again_o from_o 8_o to_o 20_o and_o 22_o fathom_n sandy_a ground_n and_o then_o sudden_o see_v rock_n under_o we_o where_o we_o have_v but_o 7_o fathom_n and_o the_o next_o cast_v 14_o fathom_n again_o and_o so_o have_v run_v n._n n._n et._n from_o 6_o in_o the_o morning_n till_o 12_o at_o noon_n about_o 19_o mile_n we_o deepen_v our_o water_n from_o 16_o to_o 25_o and_o the_o next_o cast_n no_o ground_n with_o 35_o fathom_n of_o line_n last_o have_v opportune_o meet_v with_o a_o ancient_a navigator_n who_o pass_v for_o the_o most_o experience_a pilate_n in_o our_o nation_n for_o a_o east_n indian_n voyage_n i_o ask_v he_o about_o his_o own_o observation_n concern_v these_o unequal_a sounding_n i_o be_v answer_v that_o he_o have_v not_o only_o meet_v with_o they_o elsewhere_o but_o that_o not_o far_o from_o the_o mouth_n of_o out_o channel_n he_o have_v sometime_o find_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o abrupt_a that_o in_o sail_v twice_o the_o length_n of_o the_o ship_n he_o have_v find_v the_o water_n deepen_v from_o 30_o fathom_n to_o a_o hundred_o if_o not_o also_o much_o more_o since_o i_o receive_v these_o relation_n have_v the_o honour_n to_o discourse_v with_o a_o noble_a person_n who_o have_v divers_a time_n deserve_o have_v the_o command_n of_o english_a fleet_n and_o be_v no_o less_o curious_a than_o intelligent_a in_o maritine_n affair_n i_o take_v the_o opportunity_n to_o inquire_v of_o his_o lordship_n whether_o he_o have_v not_o observe_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o be_v very_o unequal_a in_o neighbour_a place_n to_o which_o he_o reply_v that_o he_o have_v find_v it_o exceed_o so_o and_o to_o satisfy_v i_o that_o he_o speak_v not_o upon_o mere_a conjecture_n he_o tell_v i_o that_o sail_v once_o with_o his_o fleet_n even_o in_o our_o channel_n he_o perceive_v the_o water_n to_o make_v a_o rippling_n noise_n as_o the_o seaman_n call_v it_o as_o the_o thames_n do_v under_o london_n bridge_n so_o that_o he_o be_v afraid_a they_o be_v fall_v upon_o some_o shoal_n the_o water_n be_v 12_o or_o 14_o fathom_n deep_a and_o go_v on_o a_o little_a far_o he_o cast_v out_o the_o plummet_n again_o and_o find_v it_o about_o 30_o fathom_n he_o add_v that_o he_o make_v divers_a such_o observation_n but_o take_v notice_n of_o such_o rippling_n water_n only_o when_o the_o tide_n be_v ebb_v and_o yet_o in_o a_o deep_a sea_n meet_v with_o the_o like_a appearance_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o water_n and_o think_v it_o improbable_a that_o there_o shall_v be_v any_o shoal_n there_o he_o order_v the_o depth_n to_o be_v sound_v and_o find_v it_o to_o exceed_v 30_o fathom_n and_o after_o he_o have_v pass_v on_o a_o very_a little_o far_o he_o find_v the_o sea_n so_o deep_a that_o he_o can_v not_o fathom_v it_o with_o his_o ordinary_a line_n the_o second_o section_n another_o thing_n observe_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v the_o great_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n there_o against_o other_o body_n for_o what_o ever_o man_n may_v philosophize_v in_o their_o study_n and_o may_v conclude_v from_o the_o principle_n that_o be_v general_o receive_v about_o the_o non-gravitation_a of_o water_n in_o its_o proper_a place_n yet_o experience_n seem_v very_o little_a to_o favour_v that_o general_n doctrine_n for_o first_o i_o remember_v that_o have_v cause_v a_o pretty_a large_a cylinder_n of_o glass_n that_o be_v open_a only_o at_o one_o end_n to_o be_v so_o depress_v into_o a_o large_a glass_n vessel_n full_a of_o water_n with_o a_o convenient_o apply_v weight_n of_o lead_n that_o none_o of_o the_o air_n can_v get_v out_o i_o can_v easy_o discern_v through_o the_o liquor_n and_o vessel_n which_o be_v all_o transparent_a that_o as_o the_o invert_v cylinder_n descend_v deep_a and_o deep_o the_o external_a water_n compress_v the_o imprison_a air_n and_o ascend_v high_a and_o high_o in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n against_o who_o side_n we_o have_v before_o 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