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antiquity_n be_v repulse_v by_o it_o at_o a_o siege_n force_v to_o retire_v in_o a_o battle_n dare_v not_o come_v near_o it_o after_o they_o have_v gain_v the_o field_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n and_o the_o consul_n aemilius_n a_o man_n that_o have_v see_v much_o service_n and_o fight_v many_o a_o battle_n and_o be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a general_n of_o that_o time_n confess_v he_o never_o see_v so_o fearful_a a_o sight_n as_o when_o he_o behold_v the_o phalange_n advance_v into_o the_o field_n the_o body_n join_v the_o target_n ser_v and_o lock_v together_o dart_v out_o fire_n like_o lightning_n the_o front_n rough_a with_o couch_v and_o charge_v pike_n and_o arm_v with_o iron_n and_o threaten_v present_a death_n to_o he_o that_o dare_v approach_v 3_o occupy_v two_o cubit_n of_o ground_n we_o may_v not_o take_v it_o as_o though_o the_o soldier_n betwixt_o file_n and_o file_n have_v two_o cubit_n or_o three_o foot_n of_o ground_n for_o we_o learn_v before_o that_o in_o 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atheneus_n that_o lead_n be_v add_v to_o make_v the_o part_n stand_v out_o from_o the_o ship_n more_o light_a but_o yet_o polybius_n and_o aelian_o opinion_n may_v well_o agree_v and_o in_o pike_n that_o have_v counterweight_n at_o their_o end_n the_o hold_n for_o charge_v be_v take_v two_o cubit_n from_o the_o butt_n end_n there_o may_v be_v lose_v four_o cubit_n where_o the_o other_o sort_n be_v hold_v at_o the_o butt_n end_v itself_o lose_v but_o 2_o cubit_n 5_o the_o pike_n of_o the_o other_o behind_o can_v reach_v to_o the_o first_o rank_n how_o shall_v they_o bear_v their_o pike_n then_o d_o polybius_n show_v what_o the_o manner_n be_v those_o rank_n say_v he_o that_o stand_v behind_o the_o five_o can_v help_v nothing_o to_o the_o fight_n in_o front_n and_o therefore_o they_o charge_v not_o their_o pike_n low_a but_o bear_v they_o towards_o their_o forestander_n shoulder_n the_o point_n somewhat_o erect_v to_o secure_v the_o battle_n from_o above_o intercept_n by_o their_o 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home_o to_o he_o for_o what_o length_n soever_o be_v take_v from_o the_o file-leader_n in_o front_n the_o same_o be_v give_v to_o the_o enemy_n that_o push_v with_o he_o and_o he_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o wound_v the_o file-leader_n and_o not_o the_o file-leader_n he_o especial_o the_o pike_n differ_v in_o so_o great_a a_o proportion_n 6_o the_o superordinarie_a lieutenant_n of_o every_o syntagma_n i_o have_v before_o note_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o syntagma_n and_o it_o be_v here_o well_o express_v by_o aelian_n he_o that_o desire_v to_o see_v more_o touch_v the_o same_o let_v he_o resort_v to_o xenophons_n cyropaedia_fw-la lib._n 3._o 28._o and_o lib._n 7._o 178._o b._n and_o to_o leo_n cap._n 14._o §_o 79._o the_o place_n of_o the_o lightarmed_n and_o the_o number_n of_o every_o file_n chap._n xv._n thus_o much_o of_o order_v and_o marshal_v the_o armed-foote_n i_o will_v add_v a_o word_n or_o two_o of_o the_o lightarmed_n or_o naked_a 1_o the_o general_n be_v 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make_v the_o length_n of_o both_o equal_a one_o to_o another_o the_o difference_n then_o betwixt_o they_o in_o length_n be_v 64_o man_n which_o in_o order_n take_v up_o 192_o foot_n and_o where_o there_o go_v four_o phalangarchy_n to_o a_o fourfold_a phalange_n and_o 16_o troop_n of_o horse_n be_v place_v behind_o every_o phalangarchie_n we_o must_v divide_v these_o 192_o foot_n into_o four_o part_n every_o of_o which_o part_n will_v amount_v to_o 48_o foot_n and_o give_v to_o each_o troop_n three_o foot_n distance_n one_o betwixt_o a_o other_o for_o distance_n betwixt_o one_o troop_n and_o a_o other_o polybius_n hold_v necessary_a and_o so_o shall_v the_o 16_o troop_n of_o horse_n take_v up_o as_o much_o ground_n in_o length_n as_o a_o phalangarchie_n the_o one_o contain_v 256_o file_n in_o length_n which_o occupy_v 768_o foot_n of_o ground_n and_o the_o other_o 240_o man_n in_o the_o last_o rank_n which_o occupy_v 720_o foot_n to_o which_o add_v 48_o foot_n of_o distance_n there_o 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the_o whole_a body_n of_o lightarmed_n be_v call_v a_o epitagma_n which_o name_n be_v give_v likewise_o to_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o horse_n comprise_v 4096_o horse_n it_o may_v be_v they_o be_v both_o so_o call_v because_o they_o be_v place_v behind_o the_o arm_a as_o i_o note_v before_o for_o that_o place_n aelian_n assign_v unto_o they_o the_o diligence_n to_o be_v use_v in_o choice_n and_o exercise_v of_o the_o best_a form_n of_o battle_n chap._n xxi_o the_o invention_n and_o conceit_n of_o those_o that_o live_v in_o old_a time_n about_o troop_n of_o horse_n be_v declare_v in_o what_o form_n every_o one_o be_v cast_v and_o for_o what_o cause_n some_o use_v one_o form_n some_o another_o now_o it_o behove_v as_o in_o thing_n that_o carry_v with_o they_o great_a difference_n not_o careless_o and_o negligent_o to_o rely_v upon_o the_o bare_a precept_n but_o rather_o by_o daily_a exercise_n to_o make_v try_v all_o of_o every_o kind_n of_o figure_n and_o so_o attain_v to_o the_o 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two_o zygarchy_n a_o 2_o zyzygi_n two_o zyzygy_n a_o 3_o epyzyzygi_n two_o epizyzygy_n a_o 4_o hartamarchy_n two_o hartamarchy_n a_o 5_o wing_n two_o wing_n a_o 6_o phalange_n a_o man_n may_v use_v many_o and_o sundry_a phalanges_fw-la of_o chariot_n and_o yet_o retain_v the_o same_o name_n in_o every_o phalange_n some_o have_v frame_v simple_a chariot_n to_o serve_v withal_o other_o some_o have_v arm_v they_o with_o scythe_n prominent_a and_o stand_v out_o on_o each_o side_n note_n there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o chariot_n use_v of_o ancient_a time_n the_o one_o a_o simple_a chariot_n the_o other_o a_o chariot_n arm_v with_o scythe_n the_o first_o kind_n be_v use_v by_o the_o hero_n as_o they_o term_v they_o that_o be_v the_o renown_a soldier_n of_o old_a such_o as_o be_v achilles_n hector_n cycnus_n aeneas_n turnus_n as_o appear_v by_o homer_n virgil_n ovid_n and_o other_o poet_n the_o last_o be_v bring_v in_o by_o the_o general_n of_o late_a time_n especial_o by_o those_o that_o reign_v in_o asia_n and_o in_o africa_n for_o the_o b._n european_n have_v count_v they_o fruitless_a and_o vain_a mockery_n and_o among_o they_o you_o shall_v hardly_o find_v any_o mention_n of_o chariot_n aelian_n touch_v they_o only_o because_o both_o they_o and_o elephant_n be_v in_o his_o time_n grow_v out_o of_o use_n wherefore_o i_o mean_v likewise_o to_o pass_v they_o over_o slight_o only_o direct_v the_o reader_n that_o be_v desirous_a to_o understand_v their_o manner_n of_o fight_n to_o place_n of_o history_n where_o they_o be_v mention_v and_o first_o see_v for_o their_o form_n xenoph._n cyrop_n lib._n 6._o 152._o d._n e._n &_o 156._o b._n c._n de_fw-fr exp_v cyr._n lib._n 1._o 264_o a._n b._n liu._n decad_a 4._o lib._n 7._o 142._o a._n diodor._n sicul._n lib._n 17._o 596._o quin._n curt._n lib._n 4._o 119_o &_o lib._n 8._o 371._o their_o violence_n diod._n sicul._n lib._n 17._o 593._o their_o place_n in_o the_o battle_n xenoph._n cyrop_n lib._n 6._o 168._o c._n d._n liu._n decad_a 4._o lib._n 7._o 142._o a._n diod._n sicul._n lib._n 14._o 408._o remedy_n against_o they_o diodor._n sicul._n lib._n 17._o 592._o 593._o xenoph._n de_fw-fr exp_v cyr._n lib._n 1._o 265._o liu._n decad_a 4._o 142._o quint._n curt._n lib._n 4._o 141._o plutarch_n in_o sylla_n i_o come_v to_o the_o name_n of_o the_o command_v of_o chariot_n 1_o a_o zygarchie_n the_o command_n of_o two_o chariot_n as_o it_o be_v a_o yoke_n of_o chariot_n 2_o a_o syzygy_n the_o command_n over_o two_o yoke_n as_o it_o be_v of_o chariot_n join_v together_o that_o be_v over_o 4_o chariot_n 3_o a_o episyzygy_n the_o command_n over_o four_o yoke_n of_o chariot_n that_o be_v over_o eight_o chariot_n 4_o a_o harmatarchie_n proper_o the_o command_n of_o chariot_n but_o use_v by_o aelian_n for_o the_o command_n of_o 16_o chariot_n 5_o a_o wing_n as_o foot_n so_o chariot_n and_o elephant_n have_v their_o wing_n of_o battle_n to_o the_o wing_n go_v 32_o chariot_n yet_o find_v i_o this_o order_n of_o imbattail_v chariot_n no_o where_o but_o in_o aelian_n he_o that_o will_v let_v he_o read_v the_o place_n that_o i_o have_v note_v before_o for_o the_o order_n of_o chariot_n notwithstanding_o i_o can_v not_o doubt_v that_o the_o name_n give_v here_o by_o aelian_n be_v take_v out_o of_o ancient_a writer_n 6_o a_o phalange_n it_o consist_v of_o 64_o chariot_n and_o we_o here_o see_v that_o chariot_n also_o have_v their_o phalanges_fw-la as_o well_o as_o foot_n and_o horse_n of_o elephant_n the_o name_n and_o degree_n of_o their_o commander_n chap._n xxiii_o touch_v elephant_n he_o that_o be_v commander_n of_o one_o elephant_n be_v call_v 1_o zoarcha_n of_o two_o 2_o therarcha_n and_o the_o body_n a_o therarchy_n of_o four_o 3_o epitherarcha_n and_o the_o
particular_o to_o the_o first_o aspect_n so_o that_o this_o be_v use_v after_o the_o make_n of_o a_o anastrophe_n for_o always_o in_o motion_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o the_o soldier_n face_n move_v forward_o to_o move_v backward_o have_v many_o inconvenience_n of_o stumbling_n upon_o uneven_a ground_n or_o stone_n or_o pit_n or_o stubbe_n or_o such_o like_a which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o in_o anastrophe_n after_o a_o wheeling_n aelian_n will_v that_o the_o soldier_n turn_v their_o face_n the_o contrary_a way_n first_o then_o move_v on_o till_o they_o have_v recover_v their_o first_o ground_n then_o open_a rank_n and_o file_n and_o last_o to_o restore_v to_o the_o first_o aspect_n and_o as_o it_o differ_v from_o anastrophe_n so_o differ_v it_o likewise_o from_o metabole_n metabole_fw-la only_o turn_v face_n about_o this_o set_v the_o soldier_n in_o his_o former_a posture_n not_o only_o for_o his_o face_n but_o for_o his_o arm_n also_o which_o be_v order_v as_o at_o first_o the_o word_n wherein_o this_o motion_n be_v express_v by_o aelian_n be_v ep_n orthon_fw-mi apodounai_fw-mi and_o eye_n orthon_fw-mi apocaâ—astesai_fw-mi which_o be_v interpret_v by_o gaza_n in_o arrectum_fw-la reddere_fw-la to_o restore_v up_o right_o by_o arcerius_fw-la rectum_fw-la reddere_fw-la to_o restore_v right_a and_o so_o the_o word_n sound_v aelian_n interprete_v it_o to_o set_v again_o the_o soldier_n sight_n in_o the_o same_o aspect_n in_o which_o it_o stand_v at_o first_o as_o if_o be_v place_v with_o his_o face_n against_o the_o enemy_n he_o be_v command_v to_o turn_v his_o face_n to_o the_o pike_n and_o then_o again_o to_o restore_v his_o face_n to_o his_o first_o posture_n he_o must_v return_v and_o set_v his_o face_n against_o the_o enemy_n aelian_a therefore_o refer_v it_o to_o the_o sight_n he_o first_o have_v which_o if_o it_o be_v the_o right_a meaning_n how_o can_v it_o be_v upright_o or_o right_a more_o in_o that_o then_o in_o any_o other_o posture_n for_o the_o soldier_n not_o only_o in_o front_n but_o in_o flank_n and_o in_o the_o rear_n carry_v himself_o upright_o or_o right_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v apply_v to_o the_o upright_o stand_v of_o man_n as_o appear_v by_o sundry_a place_n of_o pausanias_n who_o reherse_v that_o minerva_n image_n set_v 43._o in_o the_o temple_n parthenion_n stand_v upright_o orthon_fw-mi esti_fw-la and_o in_o a_o other_o place_n that_o in_o corinth_n 89._o in_o the_o temple_n pantheon_n there_o be_v two_o image_n of_o mercury_n stand_v upright_o ortha_fw-mi 87._o and_o that_o in_o the_o temple_n of_o fortune_n the_o image_n of_o fortune_n be_v carve_v of_o parian_a stone_n and_o stand_v upright_a orthon_n and_o that_o in_o neptune_n temple_n situate_a in_o the_o corinthian_a isthmus_n the_o image_n of_o amphitrite_n and_o neptune_n stand_v in_o a_o chariot_n and_o the_o boy_n palemon_n upright_o upon_o a_o dolphin_n orthos_n in_o all_o which_o place_n orthos_n design_v the_o site_n of_o man_n but_o here_o as_o i_o take_v it_o can_v be_v so_o apply_v because_o in_o every_o motion_n not_o only_o in_o this_o the_o man_n stand_v upright_o how_o then_o can_v they_o be_v restore_v to_o their_o stand_n upright_o when_o they_o do_v it_o already_o i_o take_v the_o original_n of_o the_o appellation_n to_o come_v from_o another_o cause_n and_o that_o be_v from_o the_o order_n of_o the_o pike_n for_o when_o the_o battle_n be_v first_o set_v in_o the_o field_n every_o soldier_n stand_v with_o his_o pike_n order_v that_o be_v upright_o for_o to_o order_v a_o pike_n be_v to_o set_v the_o butt_n end_n on_o the_o ground_n before_o the_o soldier_n somewhat_o wide_o of_o his_o right_a foot_n and_o to_o hold_v it_o upright_o with_o the_o right_a hand_n bear_v even_o with_o the_o shoulder_n but_o when_o you_o begin_v or_o continue_v any_o motion_n the_o manner_n be_v to_o advance_v or_o to_o shoulder_v the_o pike_n and_o so_o to_o proceed_v but_o be_v command_v to_o return_v to_o the_o first_o posture_n it_o must_v be_v order_v again_o so_o that_o the_o first_o posture_n of_o a_o arm_a man_n be_v to_o stand_v with_o his_o pike_n upright_o and_o after_o many_o motion_n and_o wind_n he_o at_o last_o return_v to_o the_o same_o posture_n which_o i_o take_v the_o command_n of_o ep'orthon_n apodounai_o to_o signify_v now_o that_o i_o may_v not_o seem_v to_o rely_v upon_o a_o probable_a conjecture_n alone_o i_o will_v bring_v witness_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o my_o opinion_n it_o be_v report_v by_o 473._o diodorus_n siculus_n that_o agesilaus_n the_o lacedaemonian_a king_n with_o a_o army_n of_o eighteen_o thousand_o foot_n and_o fifteen_o hundred_o horse_n invade_v boeotia_n the_o athenian_n before_o hear_v of_o agesilaus_n come_v have_v send_v five_o thousand_o foot_n and_o 200_o horse_n to_o aid_v the_o theban_n who_o gather_v their_o army_n together_o seize_v upon_o a_o long_a narrow_a hill_n distant_a 20_o furlong_n from_o the_o city_n and_o make_v the_o hard_a access_n to_o the_o place_n a_o kind_n of_o fortification_n against_o the_o enemy_n they_o there_o wait_v his_o come_n fear_v to_o hazard_v upon_o even_a ground_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o renown_n and_o glory_n of_o agesilaus_n agesilaus_n have_v imbattail_v his_o troop_n lead_v they_o against_o the_o boeotian_n and_o approach_v near_o send_v his_o light_n arm_v to_o sound_v their_o disposition_n to_o fight_v which_o be_v easy_o repulse_v by_o the_o theban_n by_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o high_a ground_n he_o advance_v the_o rest_n of_o his_o force_n be_v imbattail_v in_o such_o manner_n as_o may_v give_v great_a terror_n chabrias_n the_o athenian_a will_v his_o soldier_n to_o await_v the_o enemy_n contemptuous_o both_o keep_v their_o first_o array_n and_o their_o target_n at_o their_o knee_n and_o continue_v their_o pike_n upright_o order_v who_o when_o they_o joint_o as_o upon_o a_o word_n give_v do_v as_o they_o be_v command_v agesilaus_n both_o wonder_v at_o the_o good_a order_n and_o at_o the_o assure_a fashion_n of_o the_o enemy_n think_v it_o not_o fit_a to_o strive_v with_o unequal_a ground_n and_o by_o force_v they_o to_o fight_v to_o compel_v they_o to_o be_v valiant_a whether_o they_o will_v or_o no._n hitherto_o diodor_n sicul._n of_o the_o strategem_fw-la of_o chabrias_n against_o agesilaus_n which_o consist_v in_o the_o contempt_n of_o agesilaus_n and_o all_o his_o force_n first_o in_o not_o stir_v one_o foot_n to_o meet_v the_o enemy_n then_o in_o keep_v the_o array_n they_o hold_v before_o further_a in_o sink_v their_o target_n to_o their_o knee_n last_o in_o continue_v the_o former_a order_n of_o their_o pike_n that_o be_v not_o make_v readyto_o charge_v but_o remain_v with_o their_o pike_n order_v as_o they_o be_v at_o first_o agesilaus_n advance_v his_o army_n think_v to_o strike_v a_o fear_n into_o his_o enemy_n chabrias_n trust_v to_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o place_n scorn_v the_o brovado_n of_o agesilaus_n conceive_v he_o will_v not_o be_v so_o hardy_a to_o adventure_v the_o fight_n upon_o so_o great_a a_o inequality_n of_o ground_n he_o therefore_o will_v the_o cap_n 28_o the_o macedoman_n countermache_n by_o file_n the_o rear_v the_o front_n of_o the_o first_o stand_v the_o countermarche_n in_o action_n the_o file_n leader_n with_o their_o face_n about_o stand_v firm_a the_o bringer_n up_o dismarch_v the_o front_n after_o countermarche_v the_o ground_n take_v before_o the_o front_n of_o the_o phalange_n cap_n 29_o the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarche_n the_o countermarche_n in_o action_n the_o fileleader_n advance_v in_o countermarche_n the_o bringer_n up_o stand_v firm_a with_o the_o their_o face_n turn_v about_o the_o front_n after_o countermarche_v the_o ground_n take_v beyond_o the_o reareof_o the_o phalange_n cap_n 20_o the_o chorean_a countermarche_n the_o front_n in_o the_o first_o stand_v the_o bringer_n up_o move_v the_o fileleader_n dismarch_v the_o front_n after_o countermarche_v cap._n 20._o countermarche_v by_o rank_n the_o countermarche_n in_o action_n dyer_n not_o to_o alter_v their_o posture_n but_o to_o continue_v as_o they_o be_v the_o word_n concern_v the_o pike_n be_v en_fw-fr ortho_fw-mi to_o dorati_fw-la menein_fw-la that_o be_v to_o continue_v their_o pike_n upright_a en_fw-fr ortho_fw-la now_o whether_o the_o same_o be_v the_o posture_n that_o the_o tactic_n describe_v when_o they_o speak_v or_o restore_a ep_n '_n ortho_fw-mi upright_o i_o refer_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o reader_n a_o poliaenus_n agesilao_n remember_v this_o stratagem_n use_v somewhat_o different_a word_n and_o yet_o consent_v in_o meaning_n chabrias_n say_v he_o command_v his_o soldier_n not_o to_o run_v out_o against_o the_o enemy_n but_o quiet_o to_o stand_v still_o hold_v their_o pike_n before_o upright_o and_o their_o target_n before_o their_o knee_n which_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o do_v when_o they_o will_v a_o little_a ease_n
themselves_o of_o the_o weight_n of_o their_o target_n where_o diodore_n have_v en_fw-fr ortho_fw-mi to_o dorati_fw-la menein_fw-la to_o continue_v their_o pike_n upright_o polienus_n have_v protinomenous_a ta_fw-la dorata_fw-la ortha_fw-mi hold_v before_o they_o their_o pike_n upright_o but_o both_o have_v pike_n upright_o and_o diodorus_n his_o continue_v have_v relation_n to_o the_o posture_n they_o be_v in_o which_o chabrias_n will_v not_o have_v they_o to_o alter_v polienus_n his_o hold_n before_o to_o that_o they_o be_v command_v to_o do_v in_o order_v of_o pike_n at_o this_o day_n i_o have_v show_v that_o the_o soldier_n hold_v they_o upright_o the_o but_o end_n set_v on_o the_o ground_n before_o and_o somewhat_o wide_a of_o their_o right_a foot_n 105._o aemilius_z probus_n recite_v this_o history_n pervert_v the_o stratagem_n he_o say_v that_o chabrias_n forbid_v the_o phalange_n to_o give_v back_o and_o teach_v his_o soldier_n to_o receive_v the_o enemy_n charge_v kneel_v with_o one_o knee_n the_o other_o set_v against_o the_o target_n and_o with_o the_o pike_n abase_v wherein_o he_o quite_o dissent_v from_o diodore_n and_o polien_n diodore_n say_v the_o command_n be_v to_o keep_v their_o array_n polienus_n not_o to_o run_v forward_o but_o quiet_o to_o stand_v still_o probus_n not_o to_o give_v back_o probus_n say_v they_o shall_v kneel_v with_o one_o knee_n and_o rest_n against_o the_o target_n with_o the_o other_o diodore_n that_o they_o shall_v hold_v their_o target_n sink_v to_o their_o knee_n polienus_n that_o they_o shall_v carry_v their_o target_n before_o at_o their_o knee_n probus_n that_o they_o shall_v abase_v and_o charge_v their_o pike_n diodore_n that_o they_o shall_v continue_v and_o order_v they_o upright_o polien_n that_o they_o shall_v hold_v their_o pike_n upright_o so_o that_o diodore_n and_o polien_n agree_v and_o expound_v one_o another_o aemilius_n probus_n bring_v in_o a_o new_a history_n dissent_v as_o i_o say_v from_o the_o other_o two_o especial_o in_o make_v that_o to_o be_v a_o form_n of_o fight_n prescribe_v by_o chabrias_n a_o simple_a form_n to_o receive_v the_o charge_n upon_o their_o knee_n which_o be_v a_o contempt_n to_o show_v how_o little_a especial_o in_o that_o strength_n of_o ground_n he_o regard_v agesilaus_n which_o contempt_n also_o make_v agesilaus_n retire_v not_o doubt_v but_o it_o proceed_v from_o a_o great_a assurance_n of_o the_o enemy_n therefore_o as_o i_o say_v i_o take_v these_o word_n ep_o '_o orthon_n apodounai_fw-mi not_o only_o to_o appertain_v to_o the_o aspect_n of_o the_o soldier_n but_o also_o and_o that_o much_o rather_o to_o the_o erection_n and_o order_v of_o pike_n of_o countermarche_n and_o the_o diverse_a kind_n thereof_o with_o the_o manner_n how_o they_o be_v to_o be_v make_v chap._n xxviii_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o countermarche_n one_o by_o file_n the_o other_o by_o rank_n each_o of_o these_o again_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o kind_n the_o first_o call_v the_o macedonian_a the_o second_o the_o lacedaemonian_a the_o three_o the_o choraean_a which_o be_v also_o the_o persian_a and_o the_o cretan_a 1_o the_o macedonian_a be_v that_o which_o leave_v the_o ground_n it_o first_o have_v take_v in_o lieu_n thereof_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v before_o the_o front_n of_o the_o phalange_n and_o turn_v the_o aspect_n of_o the_o soldier_n backward_o where_o before_o it_o be_v forward_o 2_o the_o lacedaemonian_a be_v that_o which_o leave_v likewise_o the_o ground_n it_o first_o have_v take_v in_o steed_n thereof_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v behind_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o phalange_n and_o turn_v also_o the_o face_n of_o the_o soldier_n the_o contrary_a way_n 3_o the_o persian_a be_v the_o cretan_a and_o choraean_a this_o keep_v the_o same_o ground_n of_o the_o phalange_n every_o soldier_n take_v another_o place_n for_o that_o he_o have_v the_o file-leader_n the_o place_n of_o bringer-up_a and_o so_o the_o rest_n in_o order_n and_o turn_v also_o the_o face_n of_o the_o soldier_n the_o contrary_a way_n 4_o countermarche_n by_o rank_n be_v make_v when_o a_o man_n will_v transfer_v the_o wing_n into_o the_o place_n of_o the_o section_n and_o the_o section_n into_o the_o place_n of_o the_o wing_n to_o the_o end_n to_o strengthen_v the_o midst_n of_o the_o battle_n likewise_o the_o right_a hand_n part_n into_o the_o left_a hand_n part_n and_o the_o left_a hand_n part_n into_o the_o right_a hand_n part_n they_o that_o fear_v to_o countermarch_n the_o phalange_n in_o gross_a the_o enemy_n be_v at_o hand_n do_v it_o by_o syntagmae_n i_o will_v now_o set_v down_o in_o what_o manner_n countermarch_v aught_o to_o be_v make_v the_o macedonian_a countermarch_n by_o file_n be_v say_v to_o be_v when_o the_o file-leader_n turn_v about_o his_o face_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n with_o the_o bringer-up_a go_v against_o he_o on_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n and_o pass_v on_o to_o the_o ground_n before_o the_o front_n of_o the_o 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move_v at_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o wing_n which_o be_v near_a to_o the_o enemy_n the_o enemy_n appear_v to_o either_o flank_n and_o therefore_o incur_v the_o same_o imputation_n that_o be_v lay_v upon_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_n by_o file_n as_o seem_v to_o run_v away_o because_o it_o dismarch_v from_o the_o enemy_n yet_o be_v there_o use_v of_o it_o as_o well_o as_o of_o that_o by_o file_n for_o by_o this_o countermarch_n you_o may_v set_v the_o strong_a part_n of_o your_o army_n against_o the_o enemy_n and_o apply_v the_o weak_a to_o some_o river_n lake_n hill_n or_o such_o like_a so_o that_o the_o enemy_n can_v not_o come_v to_o encompass_v it_o it_o take_v the_o ground_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o contrary_a wing_n the_o lacedaemonian_a take_v the_o ground_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o side_n of_o that_o wing_n which_o be_v towards_o the_o enemy_n and_o bring_v the_o best_a man_n to_o be_v foremost_a against_o the_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o begin_v the_o move_n on_o the_o contrary_a side_n the_o use_n of_o it_o be_v when_o your_o force_n be_v such_o as_o be_v able_a to_o encounter_v the_o enemy_n and_o you_o desire_v to_o bring_v your_o best_a man_n to_o fight_v the_o choraean_a keep_v the_o same_o ground_n the_o battle_n have_v at_o first_o &_o bring_v one_o wing_n to_o possess_v the_o place_n of_o the_o other_o or_o else_o the_o section_n to_o possess_v the_o place_n of_o the_o wing_n as_o may_v have_v be_v do_v in_o the_o last_o example_n cite_v concern_v scipio_n and_o asdrubal_n the_o manner_n of_o countermarch_n by_o rank_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o countermarch_n by_o file_n in_o countermarch_n by_o file_n the_o motion_n be_v in_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o battle_n and_o either_o the_o front_n remove_v towards_o the_o rear_n or_o the_o rear_n towards_o the_o front_n and_o take_v one_o a_o other_o place_n in_o this_o the_o motion_n be_v in_o length_n of_o the_o battle_n flanke-wise_a the_o wing_n either_o march_v into_o the_o midst_n or_o else_o clean_a through_o to_o the_o other_o wing_n in_o do_v it_o the_o soldier_n that_o stand_v uttermost_a in_o the_o flank_n of_o the_o wing_n must_v move_v first_o to_o the_o contrary_a wing_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o every_o rank_n several_o follow_v they_o in_o order_n the_o figure_n will_v show_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o motion_n patritius_fw-la utter_o mistake_v the_o countermarch_n by_o rank_n and_o ground_v himself_o upon_o a_o wrong_a principle_n namely_o that_o in_o all_o countermarch_v the_o fileleader_n must_v march_v towards_o the_o rear_n and_o the_o bringers-up_a towards_o the_o front_n and_o therefore_o in_o change_v the_o wing_n into_o section_n he_o make_v the_o wing_n to_o fall_v of_o behind_o in_o the_o rear_n the_o fileleader_n wheel_v about_o and_o there_o to_o join_v themselves_o as_o near_o as_o the_o middle_a section_n will_v give_v leave_n and_o the_o section_n fall_v back_o likewise_o to_o join_v themselves_o to_o the_o flank_n of_o they_o that_o be_v the_o wing_n whereas_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o euolution_n be_v clear_o to_o leave_v the_o fileleader_n in_o front_n and_o bringers-up_a in_o rear_n as_o they_o be_v at_o first_o and_o albeit_o the_o fileleader_n than_o change_v their_o place_n yet_o change_v they_o their_o place_n with_o none_o but_o with_o file_n leader_n and_o the_o change_n be_v but_o a_o change_n of_o hand_n the_o right_a hand_n for_o the_o left_a or_o the_o left_a hand_n for_o the_o right_n for_o whereas_o the_o fileleader_n of_o the_o right_a wing_n have_v before_o the_o right_a hand_n now_o in_o countermarch_n by_o rank_n be_v transpose_v to_o the_o left_a wing_n they_o have_v the_o left_a hand_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o fileleader_n as_o likewise_o the_o bringers-up_a of_o the_o other_o
threefold_a gate_n or_o door_n how_o the_o motion_n of_o wheel_a double_a and_o treble_a wheel_a of_o the_o battle_n be_v to_o be_v make_v chap._n xxxii_o it_o follow_v to_o show_v how_o a_o battle_n may_v be_v turn_v or_o wheel_v and_o how_o after_o reduce_v to_o the_o first_o posture_n or_o station_n cap._n 30._o plagiophalanx_n or_o the_o brode-fronted_n phalange_n orthiophalanx_n or_o the_o hearse_n protaxis_fw-la or_o forefront_v the_o front_n lâ—â—halanx_n or_o the_o uneven_a front_a phalange_n cap._n 31._o hypotaxis_fw-la or_o double-winging_a entaxis_fw-la or_o insertion_n protaxis_fw-la or_o forefront_a cap._n 32._o the_o manner_n of_o wheel_v the_o first_o posture_n close_v of_o file_n close_v of_o rank_n forward_o the_o front_n but_o in_o case_n we_o desire_v to_o wheel_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n we_o command_v the_o left-hand-file_n to_o stand_v still_o and_o all_o the_o rest_n to_o turn_v their_o face_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n and_o move_v forward_o close_o up_o to_o 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first_o place_n face_n about_o to_o which_o hand_n you_o will_v the_o corner_n file_n to_o which_o the_o turn_n be_v stand_v firm_a the_o rest_n open_a to_o their_o first_o ground_n face_n as_o you_o be_v and_o order_v your_o pike_n perispasmos_n or_o wheel_v about_o in_o wheel_v about_o the_o same_o word_n to_o close_v the_o file_n and_o rank_n be_v to_o be_v use_v which_o be_v use_v in_o epistrophe_n there_o remain_v no_o more_o then_o to_o say_v wheel_n about_o your_o body_n to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n anastrophe_n or_o return_v to_o the_o first_o posture_n return_v to_o your_o first_o posture_n the_o same_o form_n be_v use_v that_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o former_a return_v unto_o the_o first_o posture_n for_o open_v rank_n and_o file_n ecperispasmos_n or_o treble_a wheel_a in_o this_o motion_n the_o same_o course_n be_v hold_v that_o be_v in_o the_o wheel_a but_o only_o that_o you_o command_v a_o treble_a wheel_a and_o the_o return_v to_o the_o first_o posture_n or_o 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into_o another_o and_o because_o the_o open_a order_n be_v it_o that_o be_v common_o begin_v withal_o it_o be_v here_o teach_v how_o from_o thence_o to_o pass_v to_o the_o rest_n and_o to_o return_v to_o it_o again_o the_o end_n of_o closing_n be_v speak_v of_o before_o in_o regard_n of_o place_n they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v of_o two_o kind_n one_o to_o the_o wing_n right_a or_o left_a the_o other_o to_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o phalange_n i_o can_v express_v the_o manner_n better_o then_o by_o set_v down_o the_o word_n of_o command_n or_o direction_n which_o be_v these_o in_o close_v to_o the_o right_a wing_n the_o right-wing-corner-file_n stand_v firm_a the_o rest_n turn_v face_n to_o the_o pike_n and_o move_v according_a to_o
side_n and_o as_o the_o middle_a section_n divide_v the_o phalange_n in_o two_o part_n which_o be_v call_v wing_n so_o this_o section_n speak_v of_o by_o suidas_n be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o wing_n divide_v the_o wing_n into_o two_o part_n to_o call_v a_o phalangarchie_n which_o be_v a_o body_n consist_v of_o four_o thousand_o and_o ninty_a six_o man_n a_o section_n be_v i_o confess_v a_o unproper_a speech_n but_o tolerable_a notwithstanding_o consider_v that_o the_o whole_a fourefolde_v phalange_n be_v compose_v of_o the_o four_o phalangarchy_n and_o that_o the_o section_n of_o the_o right-wing_n begin_v at_o the_o left_a hand_n file_n or_o inward_a point_n of_o the_o right_a hand_n phalangarchie_n and_o end_v at_o the_o right_a hand_n file_n of_o the_o second_o phalangarchie_n and_o we_o be_v not_o to_o expect_v the_o same_o exactness_n of_o speech_n from_o soldier_n that_o be_v common_a to_o man_n skilful_a in_o the_o liberal_a science_n soldier_n that_o profess_v action_n 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illyrian_n joint_o in_o one_o front_n he_o add_v in_o the_o same_o right_a line_n the_o phalange_n distinguish_v into_o body_n according_a to_o merarchy_n and_o divide_v by_o several_a distance_n i_o translate_v speiredon_n distinguish_v into_o body_n because_o speira_n signify_v a_o military_a body_n among_o the_o grecian_n and_o be_v by_o the_o grecian_n that_o write_v the_o roman_a history_n use_v sometime_o for_o a_o legion_n and_o sometime_o for_o a_o cohort_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o spiredon_n be_v here_o by_o polybius_n put_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n that_o eye_n speiran_n be_v by_o philopaeman_n plutarch_n who_o mention_v the_o reformation_n touch_v affair_n military_a which_o the_o same_o philopaeman_n bring_v in_o among_o the_o achaian_o write_v thus_o their_o manner_n and_o form_n of_o embattail_v be_v not_o usual_o parcel_v out_o eye_n speiran_n that_o be_v as_o i_o interpret_v it_o in_o several_a body_n but_o use_v a_o phalange_n which_o have_v neither_o protension_n of_o pike_n nor_o close_v of_o target_n in_o front_n as_o the_o macedonian_a manner_n be_v they_o be_v easy_o foil_v and_o break_v by_o the_o enemy_n the_o meaning_n of_o plutarch_n be_v as_o i_o conceive_v that_o the_o achaian_o in_o former_a time_n use_v to_o order_v their_o phalange_n in_o a_o continue_a length_n without_o intervall_n which_o philopoemen_n reform_v and_o teach_v they_o to_o make_v division_n by_o intervall_n and_o the_o practice_n of_o philopoemen_n be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o his_o own_o counsel_n to_o the_o achaian_o this_o practice_n polybius_n set_v down_o to_o be_v the_o division_n of_o his_o phalange_n kata_n tele_n speiredon_v en_fw-fr diastemasi_fw-la into_o body_n distinguish_v by_o intervall_n according_a to_o merarchy_n polybius_n also_o to_o show_v what_o body_n they_o be_v use_v the_o word_n tele_n which_o i_o translate_v merarchy_n have_v my_o warrant_n out_o of_o â—_o aelian_n who_o say_v a_o merarchie_n consist_v of_o two_o chiliarchy_n and_o contain_v two_o thousand_o and_o forty_o eight_o man_n and_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o four_o file_n and_o add_v that_o it_o be_v of_o some_o call_v a_o telos_n and_o the_o leader_n a_o telarch_n a_o man_n may_v doubt_v see_v philopaeman_n make_v a_o interval_n betwixt_o every_o merarchie_n whether_o he_o make_v seven_o division_n or_o no_o for_o in_o aelians_n phalange_n there_o be_v eight_o merarchy_n betwixt_o every_o of_o which_o if_o a_o distance_n be_v there_o must_v needs_o arise_v seven_o intervall_n to_o clear_v this_o doubt_n we_o must_v understand_v that_o the_o phalanges_fw-la of_o the_o grecian_n be_v not_o always_o of_o the_o same_o number_n as_o i_o note_v before_o aelian_o and_o the_o macedonian_a phalange_n consist_v of_o sixteen_o thousand_o and_o odd_a antigonus_n have_v but_o ten_o thousand_o demetrius_n eleven_o thousand_o other_o have_v more_o the_o lacedæmonians_n less_a and_o likewise_o the_o grecian_n for_o the_o most_o part_n and_o it_o seem_v the_o phalange_n of_o philopaeman_n be_v no_o more_o than_o eight_o thousand_o and_o odd_a in_o which_o number_n there_o be_v but_o four_o merarchy_n as_o aelians_n phalange_n comprehend_v sixteen_o thousand_o and_o odd_a wherein_o be_v four_o phalangarchy_n have_v likewise_o three_o division_n by_o phalangarchy_n and_o yet_o in_o this_o phalange_n of_o philopaeman_n if_o you_o account_v the_o file_n to_o have_v but_o eight_o man_n as_o the_o most_o grecian_n use_v in_o their_o file_n to_o have_v these_o four_o merarchy_n will_v possess_v as_o much_o ground_n in_o front_n as_o the_o phalangarchy_n of_o aelians_n phalange_n do_v the_o file_n be_v sixteen_o neither_o be_v it_o new_a to_o figure_n out_o the_o body_n great_a or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o phalange_n 65._o leo_n command_v his_o general_n when_o the_o number_n will_v not_o reach_v to_o sixteen_o thousand_o the_o number_n of_o the_o old_a phalange_n to_o hold_v notwithstanding_o sixteen_o man_n in_o a_o file_n and_o to_o divide_v his_o phalange_n into_o four_o equal_a part_n by_o intervall_n except_v some_o few_o which_o he_o will_v have_v reserve_v for_o other_o use_n to_o conclude_v aelian_n himself_o seem_v to_o acknowledge_v more_o section_n than_o one_o when_o in_o the_o ten_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n he_o speak_v of_o the_o middle_a section_n mese_n apotome_n for_o this_o word_n middle_a be_v a_o relative_a can_v not_o be_v understand_v with_o out_o two_o other_o at_o least_o which_o be_v place_v on_o either_o side_n and_o all_o the_o figure_n that_o i_o have_v see_v of_o a_o fourfold_a phalange_n allow_v three_o section_n and_o no_o more_o that_o be_v to_o say_v one_o in_o the_o midst_n and_o the_o other_o two_o in_o the_o wing_n what_o the_o distance_n and_o dimension_n of_o these_o section_n ought_v to_o be_v i_o find_v not_o set_v down_o but_o if_o i_o may_v have_v leave_n to_o conjecture_v i_o will_v think_v they_o ought_v to_o be_v large_a enough_o for_o a_o troop_n of_o horse_n frame_v wedge-wise_a after_o the_o macedonian_a manner_n to_o pass_v through_o the_o last_o rank_n whereof_o be_v fifteen_o as_o appear_v in_o the_o twenty_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n and_o the_o horse_n place_v in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o lightarmed_n it_o be_v needful_a if_o upon_o any_o occasion_n they_o be_v to_o be_v draw_v through_o to_o serve_v in_o the_o front_n the_o distance_n of_o the_o section_n shall_v be_v sufficient_a to_o give_v they_o passage_n with_o out_o disorder_n and_o i_o be_o the_o rather_o confirm_v in_o this_o opinion_n because_o i_o see_v the_o intervall_n betwixt_o the_o roman_a maniple_n so_o proportion_v that_o the_o principes_fw-la may_v pass_v through_o those_o of_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o the_o triarij_fw-la through_o those_o of_o the_o principes_fw-la but_o i_o proportion_v out_o the_o intervall_n to_o the_o horse_n not_o to_o the_o lightarmed_n for_o that_o the_o lightarmed_n â—ay_v be_v divide_v into_o several_a body_n without_o 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before_o it_o come_v into_o the_o plain_a because_o in_o the_o plain_a it_o be_v bring_v to_o 9_o or_o 10_o man_n and_o therefore_o no_o double_n last_o agesilaus_n and_o the_o front_n i_o doubt_v not_o of_o the_o phalange_n with_o he_o turn_v face_n to_o the_o enemy_n before_o the_o rear_n come_v up_o to_o he_o which_o be_v do_v in_o no_o other_o motion_n than_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_n in_o which_o all_o the_o fileleader_n first_o turn_n about_o their_o face_n towards_o the_o enemy_n and_o then_o the_o whole_a battle_n march_v against_o the_o fileleader_n and_o place_v themselves_o orderly_a behind_o they_o turn_v their_o face_n the_o same_o way_n that_o they_o have_v do_v before_o now_o where_o it_o be_v in_o xenophon_n that_o agesilaus_n have_v gain_v the_o champaign_n extend_v his_o army_n to_o 9_o or_o 10_o targeteres_n i_o suspect_v a_o
bringers-up_a the_o word_n of_o command_n may_v be_v these_o for_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_v by_o file_n fileleader_n turn_v your_o face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n the_o rest_n of_o every_o file_n pass_v through_o in_o order_n one_o after_o another_o and_o place_n yourselves_o at_o your_o distance_n after_o your_o leader_n turn_v your_o face_n about_o and_o so_o stand_v for_o the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_v by_o file_n the_o first_o manner_n bringers-up_a turn_v your_o face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n the_o rest_n turn_v your_o face_n about_o and_o beginning_n at_o they_o that_o be_v next_o to_o the_o bringers-up_a countermarch_n and_o place_n yourselves_o in_o your_o distance_n before_o the_o bringers-up_a and_o one_o before_o a_o other_o till_o the_o fileleader_n be_v first_o the_o second_o manner_n fileleader_n countermarch_n to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n and_o let_v every_o man_n file_n follow_v he_o and_o keep_v true_a distance_n for_o the_o choraean_a countermarch_n by_o file_n fileleader_n countermarch_n to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o bringers-up_a and_o stand_v and_o let_v your_o file_n follow_v you_o keep_v their_o distance_n for_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_n by_o rank_n the_o right_a or_o left_a hand_n corner_n file_n turn_v your_o face_n to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n the_o rest_n of_o each_o rank_n pass_v through_o to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n and_o place_n yourselves_o orderly_o behind_o your_o sideman_n keep_v your_o distance_n cap_n 29_o dobling_n of_o rank_n the_o front_n before_o dobling_n of_o rank_n dobling_n of_o rank_n in_o action_n the_o front_n after_o dobling_n of_o rank_n for_o the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_n by_o rank_n the_o first_o manner_n the_o corner_n file_n where_o the_o enemy_n appear_v turn_v your_o face_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n the_o rest_n of_o each_o rank_n turn_v your_o face_n and_o pass_v through_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o place_n yourselves_o before_o your_o sideman_n orderly_o keep_v your_o distance_n the_o second_o manner_n the_o right_a or_o left_a wing_n where_o the_o enemy_n appear_v not_o countermarch_n to_o the_o contrary_a wing_n and_o all_o in_o the_o rank_n follow_v every_o man_n his_o side-man_n keep_v your_o distance_n for_o the_o choraean_a countermarch_n by_o rank_n the_o uttermost_a corner_n file_v of_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v wing_n countermarch_n into_o the_o place_n of_o the_o left_a or_o right_a wing_n and_o stand_v and_o the_o rest_n follow_v ranke-wise_a keep_v their_o distance_n of_o double_v and_o the_o kind_n thereof_o chap._n xxix_o 1_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o double_v one_o of_o rank_n the_o other_o of_o depth_n or_o file_n and_o 2_o either_o of_o these_o double_a the_o number_n or_o the_o place_n 3_o the_o length_n be_v double_v in_o number_n when_o of_o a_o front_n of_o 124_o file_n we_o make_v a_o front_n keep_v the_o same_o ground_n of_o 248_o file_n by_o insert_v in_o the_o space_n betwixt_o file_n and_o file_n some_o of_o the_o follower_n that_o stand_v in_o the_o depth_n this_o be_v do_v to_o the_o end_n to_o thicken_v the_o length_n of_o the_o battle_n if_o we_o lift_v to_o recall_v they_o to_o their_o first_o posture_n we_o be_v to_o command_v those_o that_o be_v insert_v to_o countermarch_n to_o the_o place_n they_o have_v before_o 4_o there_o be_v that_o mislike_v these_o doubling_n especial_o the_o enemy_n be_v at_o hand_n and_o will_v have_v a_o show_n of_o double_v make_v without_o indeed_o double_v the_o phalange_n already_o order_v by_o stretch_v out_o the_o lightarmed_n and_o the_o horse_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o battle_n 5_o the_o use_n of_o double_v the_o length_n be_v when_o either_o we_o will_v over-wing_n the_o enemy_n or_o else_o ourselves_o fear_v to_o be_v over-winged_n the_o depth_n be_v double_v 6_o by_o insert_v the_o second_o file_n into_o the_o first_o so_o that_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o second_o file_n be_v place_v next_o behind_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o first_o file_n and_o the_o second_o man_n of_o the_o second_o file_n be_v the_o four_o man_n of_o the_o first_o file_n and_o the_o three_o man_n of_o the_o second_o file_n be_v the_o six_o in_o the_o first_o file_n and_o so_o forth_o the_o rest_n till_o the_o whole_a second_o file_n be_v ingross_v into_o the_o first_o and_o likewise_o the_o four_o file_n into_o the_o three_o and_o all_o the_o even_a file_n into_o the_o odd_a doubâ—ing_v of_o the_o depth_n by_o countermarch_v be_v make_v either_o when_o the_o next_o side-file_n in_o several_a as_o in_o the_o former_a example_n the_o second_o and_o the_o four_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o even_a file_n countermarch_n to_o the_o rear_n and_o place_n themselves_o behind_o the_o bringers-up_a of_o the_o odd_a file_n or_o else_o the_o file_n remain_v in_o their_o first_o place_n and_o number_n half_a of_o they_o divide_v themselves_o from_o the_o other_o half_a countermarch_n likewise_o to_o the_o rear_n and_o convey_v themselves_o behind_o the_o other_o there_o order_n themselves_o and_o so_o double_a the_o depth_n of_o the_o phalange_n if_o we_o will_v return_v they_o to_o the_o first_o posture_n we_o must_v recall_v those_o that_o be_v convey_v to_o stand_v behind_o to_o the_o place_n they_o have_v before_o the_o countermarch_v note_n the_o former_a three_o motion_n alter_v not_o the_o form_n of_o the_o phalange_n for_o whether_o you_o turn_v face_n wheel_a or_o countermarch_v the_o phalange_n the_o depth_n and_o length_n remain_v one_o the_o motion_n to_o be_v express_v in_o this_o chapter_n induce_v a_o other_o shape_n to_o the_o phalange_n and_o make_v it_o seem_v a_o different_a body_n from_o that_o it_o be_v before_o be_v by_o double_v extend_v either_o in_o length_n or_o in_o depth_n for_o double_v the_o number_n of_o man_n or_o the_o place_n of_o the_o phalange_n in_o front_n make_v the_o length_n twice_o as_o much_o and_o double_v the_o same_o in_o flank_n make_v the_o depth_n double_a to_o that_o it_o be_v before_o for_o double_v be_v nothing_o else_o then_o make_v a_o military_a body_n twice_o as_o long_o or_o twice_o as_o deep_o as_o it_o be_v before_o 1_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o double_v the_o doubling_n be_v either_o of_o length_n or_o depth_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o as_o dipâ—asiasai_n suidas_n say_v of_o rank_n or_o file_n for_o rank_n stretch_v out_o in_o length_n file_n in_o depth_n and_o these_o again_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o other_o kind_n the_o body_n be_v 2_o double_v in_o number_n or_o place_n that_o which_o be_v here_o call_v number_n be_v call_v elsewhere_o person_n or_o dipâ—asiasai_n by_o suidas_n man_n it_o be_v call_v person_n in_o the_o insertion_n which_o be_v make_v to_o aelian_a i_o know_v not_o by_o who_o in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n of_o countermarche_n which_o because_o it_o lay_v thrust_v in_o betwixt_o the_o description_n of_o countermarche_n and_o nothing_o pertein_v to_o that_o argument_n i_o never_o make_v doubt_n be_v creep_v into_o the_o text_n and_o i_o be_o rather_o confirm_v in_o my_o opinion_n because_o i_o see_v it_o noteâ—_n with_o a_o asterisk_n in_o that_o aelian_a be_v of_o robortellus_n edition_n which_o the_o learned_a isaac_n casaubon_n have_v quote_v and_o purpose_v to_o set_v forth_o if_o untimely_a dâ—ath_n have_v not_o prevent_v he_o i_o will_v here_o set_v down_o the_o word_n because_o they_o differ_v not_o much_o from_o aelian_n and_o may_v give_v some_o light_n to_o the_o manner_n of_o double_v it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v so_o be_v the_o word_n â—hat_n a_o phalange_n be_v double_v in_o person_n or_o place_n when_o we_o therefore_o take_v half_a the_o soldier_n from_o the_o depth_n and_o make_v file_n of_o they_o place_v they_o even_o with_o the_o rest_n in_o length_n of_o the_o front_n so_o that_o of_o 124_o file_n we_o make_v 248_o this_o be_v double_v of_o person_n in_o like_a sort_n we_o double_v the_o place_n with_o 124_o file_n not_o increase_v the_o number_n but_o only_o command_v some_o to_o turn_v to_o the_o pike_n some_o to_o the_o target_n till_o the_o phalange_n be_v stretch_v out_o to_o a_o convenient_a length_n as_o from_o 5_o furlong_n to_o 10._o in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v the_o depth_n double_v for_o either_o one_o file_n be_v insert_v into_o a_o other_o man_n for_o man_n so_o that_o the_o second_o file-leader_n become_v the_o follower_n of_o the_o first_o and_o the_o second_o man_n in_o the_o second_o file_n the_o follower_n of_o the_o second_o in_o the_o first_o file_n and_o so_o the_o rest_n or_o else_o 16_o man_n be_v so_o extend_v that_o they_o hold_v as_o much_o ground_n in_o length_n as_o 32_o usuallydoe_n so_o far_o the_o insertion_n it_o follow_v in_o aelian_n 3_o the_o length_n be_v double_v in_o