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contain_v eight_o hundred_o horse_n draw_v up_o in_o battle_n then_o i_o say_v first_o a_o stadium_n be_v the_o eight_o part_n of_o a_o italian_a mile_n one_o hundred_o twenty_o five_o pace_n six_o hundred_o twenty_o five_o foot_n second_o eight_o hundred_o horse_n be_v at_o our_o author_n rate_n eight_o in_o file_n be_v one_o hundred_o in_o front_n three_o for_o every_o horseman_n to_o stand_v on_o horse_n back_o and_o room_n to_o handle_v his_o arm_n i_o allow_v with_o other_o four_o foot_n of_o ground_n and_o so_o for_o one_o hundred_o horse_n four_o hundred_o foot_n four_o according_a to_o polybius_n and_o i_o suppose_v the_o polybius_n out_o of_o polybius_n roman_a rule_n the_o eight_o hundred_o horse_n must_v be_v divide_v into_o several_a troop_n and_o in_o each_o of_o they_o but_o thirty_o rider_n so_o there_o will_v be_v twenty_o â—â—x_n complete_a troop_n and_o twenty_o horseman_n for_o the_o twenty_o seven_o troop_n five_o twenty_o seven_o troop_n require_v twenty_o six_o 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aggregate_v will_v be_v eleven_o hundred_o ninety_o two_o foot_n how_o these_o sixty_o troop_n marshal_v so_o thin_a so_o few_o in_o front_n with_o so_o many_o interval_n can_v stand_v out_o the_o brisk_a and_o furious_a charge_n of_o a_o numerous_a and_o courageous_a enemy_n be_v beyond_o my_o fancy_n unless_o they_o have_v be_v interline_v with_o wellarmed_n foot_n as_o to_o the_o distance_n between_o body_n of_o foot_n polybius_n in_o the_o twelâ—th_o book_n polybius_n overâ—ight_n in_o polybius_n so_o often_o cite_v allow_v express_o six_o foot_n between_o file_n but_o he_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o that_o place_n of_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n confute_v the_o impertinent_a relation_n of_o calisthenes_n but_o he_o speak_v not_o there_o or_o elsewhere_o oâ—_n distance_n between_o roman_a file_n and_o yet_o here_o be_v a_o inadvertency_n in_o that_o great_a man_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v another_o immediate_o in_o vegetius_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n polybius_n allow_v 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yet_o be_v he_o not_o at_o the_o pain_n to_o give_v we_o so_o perfect_a a_o description_n of_o they_o as_o other_o author_n have_v do_v he_o tell_v we_o of_o shield_n and_o that_o all_o the_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n have_v shield_n but_o speak_v not_o of_o their_o form_n nor_o bigness_n distinction_n a_o nice_a distinction_n there_o be_v some_o and_o among_o they_o achilles_n terduzzi_n who_o make_v a_o difference_n between_o a_o shield_n and_o a_o target_n and_o it_o be_v this_o the_o first_o be_v of_o a_o round_a figure_n and_o the_o second_o of_o a_o long_a angular_a or_o oval_n if_o so_o we_o must_v conclude_v those_o use_v by_o the_o roman_n to_o have_v be_v target_n and_o no_o shield_n in_o regard_n they_o be_v ordinary_o four_o foot_n long_o and_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a but_o notwithstanding_o this_o nice_a distinction_n i_o shall_v use_v the_o word_n promiscuous_o and_o call_v the_o roman_a target_n a_o shield_n if_o we_o consider_v that_o there_o be_v a_o allowance_n of_o three_o foot_n of_o ground_n between_o the_o roman_a file_n and_o that_o the_o breadth_n of_o their_o shield_n cover_v two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a of_o that_o ground_n we_o must_v conclude_v there_o be_v but_o one_o half_a foot_n leave_v for_o they_o first_o to_o throw_v their_o javelines_n or_o dart_n and_o then_o to_o present_v the_o point_n of_o their_o sword_n against_o their_o enemy_n and_o their_o shield_n be_v so_o near_o each_o other_o and_o their_o body_n so_o strong_o defend_v by_o they_o and_o their_o other_o armour_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n they_o either_o give_v or_o receive_v a_o charge_n courageous_o for_o vegetius_n say_v well_o in_o the_o twenty_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n that_o those_o who_o be_v expose_v naked_a to_o receive_v wound_n must_v think_v more_o of_o fly_v than_o fight_v and_o in_o the_o end_n of_o that_o same_o chapter_n he_o say_v that_o he_o who_o have_v his_o head_n and_o breast_n well_o arm_v be_v not_o afraid_a of_o 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legion_n do_v when_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v with_o perseus_n and_o his_o macedonian_a phalange_n for_o at_o those_o time_n they_o lean_v and_o rest_v themselves_o on_o their_o shield_n they_o make_v also_o good_a use_n of_o those_o point_n by_o push_v and_o thrust_v with_o they_o at_o a_o enemy_n when_o they_o come_v to_o any_o close_a medley_n many_o and_o almost_o all_o nation_n beside_o the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n make_v use_v of_o shield_n especial_o the_o gaul_n and_o german_n who_o peradventure_o have_v the_o use_n of_o they_o before_o the_o roman_n be_v a_o nation_n of_o shield_n either_o in_o battle_n or_o at_o the_o take_n of_o town_n and_o fort_n be_v shield_n a_o tortoise_n oâ—_n shield_n compose_v that_o figure_n which_o the_o roman_n call_v testudo_fw-la or_o tortoise_n because_o it_o resemble_v that_o animal_n which_o cover_v itself_o within_o its_o shell_n and_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o it_o the_o first_o be_v frame_v thus_o the_o first_o rank_n cover_v their_o kind_n first_o kind_n face_n with_o their_o shield_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n keep_v their_o target_n above_o their_o head_n thereby_o make_v such_o a_o wall_n of_o defence_n that_o they_o be_v not_o only_o able_a say_v author_n to_o despise_v all_o dart_n stone_n and_o arrow_n but_o to_o resist_v a_o furious_a charge_n of_o either_o horse_n or_o foot_n but_o i_o wonder_v why_o any_o tactick_a will_v call_v invincible_a not_o invincible_a this_o figure_n of_o battle_n invincible_a even_o against_o missile_a weapon_n since_o the_o roman_n themselves_o be_v often_o than_o once_o beat_v by_o the_o parthian_a archer_n and_o lâ—vius_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o ten_o book_n that_o in_o the_o great_a battle_n fight_v by_o the_o roman_n against_o the_o samnite_n vmbrian_o and_o gaul_n when_o both_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la be_v well_o near_o rout_v some_o tribune_n come_v with_o the_o triarii_n to_o the_o rescue_n find_v the_o gaul_n ser_v together_o in_o a_o testudo_fw-la cover_v themselves_o with_o their_o great_a shield_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o the_o roman_a triarii_n who_o be_v heavy_a arm_v dare_v not_o hazard_v on_o they_o till_o first_o with_o dart_n javelines_n and_o other_o missiles_n they_o put_v they_o in_o disorder_n and_o then_o they_o rout_v they_o livius_n tortoise_n second_o kind_n of_o a_o tortoise_n tell_v we_o of_o the_o second_o kind_n of_o the_o testudo_fw-la make_v of_o shield_n at_o the_o assault_a of_o town_n the_o manner_n this_o so_o many_o century_n maniple_n or_o cohort_n as_o the_o consul_n or_o general_n please_v stand_v near_o the_o wall_n or_o port_n with_o their_o shield_n over_o their_o head_n the_o first_o rank_n stand_v straight_o the_o second_o bow_v a_o little_a the_o three_o bow_v a_o little_a more_o than_o the_o second_o the_o four_o more_o than_o the_o three_o so_o still_o decline_v till_o the_o last_o rank_n suppose_v the_o ten_o kneel_v up_o their_o back_n as_o up_o stair_n do_v those_o who_o be_v ordain_v to_o storm_n run_v to_o the_o assault_n and_o so_o either_o enter_v or_o break_v down_o place_n for_o other_o to_o enter_v this_o i_o believe_v be_v practise_v often_o in_o their_o play_n on_o the_o amphitheatre_n and_o indeed_o it_o be_v more_o to_o be_v use_v in_o jest_n than_o in_o earnest_n for_o great_a stone_n throw_v down_o by_o the_o defendant_n will_v easy_o have_v break_v the_o tortoise-shell_n and_o then_o melt_a lead_n boil_a oil_n or_o scald_a water_n all_o ordinary_o practise_v on_o such_o occasion_n by_o the_o ancient_n will_v to_o my_o sense_n either_o soon_o have_v kill_v or_o chase_v away_o the_o tortoise_n itself_o it_o be_v my_o opinion_n that_o when_o the_o roman_n march_v and_o no_o enemy_n in_o sight_n of_o they_o they_o carry_v their_o headpiece_n at_o their_o girdle_n and_o their_o shield_n within_o cover_n on_o their_o back_n my_o reason_n be_v caesar_n in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o the_o gallic_a war_n say_v that_o the_o nervian_o give_v he_o so_o brisk_a and_o sudden_a a_o a_o charge_n that_o his_o soldier_n have_v not_o time_n enough_o to_o put_v on_o their_o headpiece_n or_o pull_v their_o shield_n out_o of_o their_o cover_n and_o it_o be_v necessary_a they_o shall_v have_v be_v cover_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o those_o device_n and_o coat_n of_o arm_n that_o be_v paint_v on_o they_o a_o custom_n use_v by_o several_a nation_n before_o romulus_n lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o rome_n but_o both_o before_o and_o long_o after_o the_o roman_n have_v overmastered_a the_o habitable_a world_n or_o most_o of_o it_o man_n use_v to_o arms._n coat_n of_o arms._n put_v on_o their_o shield_n what_o fancy_n or_o device_n they_o like_v best_a some_o bird_n some_o beast_n of_o several_a kind_n some_o the_o noble_a action_n of_o their_o ancestor_n some_o the_o sun_n some_o the_o moon_n and_o some_o a_o lesser_a star_n this_o i_o suppose_v give_v the_o rise_n to_o many_o of_o our_o romance_n writer_n to_o give_v several_a denomination_n to_o all_o their_o knight_n errant_a by_o the_o device_n of_o their_o shield_n and_o to_o make_v they_o distinguishable_a thereby_o when_o their_o face_n be_v undiscernible_a with_o the_o beavor_n of_o their_o helmet_n but_o in_o after_o age_n prince_n think_v fit_a to_o restrain_v man_n from_o the_o vanity_n of_o take_v coat_n of_o arm_n as_o they_o please_v till_o they_o be_v give_v they_o by_o authority_n hence_o have_v the_o herald_n their_o rise_n and_o if_o they_o be_v permit_v to_o exercise_v their_o office_n strict_o it_o be_v to_o be_v think_v we_o shall_v not_o see_v so_o many_o extravagant_a coat_n in_o the_o world_n i_o be_v acquaint_v long_o ago_o with_o a_o german_a and_o there_o be_v many_o good_a herald_n of_o that_o nation_n who_o have_v assume_v for_o his_o coat_n the_o french_a king_n arm_n i_o ask_v
to_o be_v these_o which_o follow_v in_o his_o observation_n of_o the_o advantage_n and_o disadvantage_n of_o both_o the_o phalanx_n be_v compose_v of_o sixteen_o rank_n and_o of_o one_o thousand_o twenty_o phalange_n first_o advantage_n of_o the_o phalange_n four_o file_n of_o lusty_a well_o arm_v man_n and_o at_o its_o close_a order_n or_o constipation_n so_o long_o as_o it_o be_v able_a to_o preserve_v its_o â—orce_n it_o bear_v down_o all_o before_o it_o for_o at_o that_o posture_n every_o combatant_n take_v up_o but_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a of_o ground_n and_o suppose_v their_o pike_n but_o eighteen_o foot_n long_o whereas_o the_o sarissas_n be_v twenty_o one_o of_o length_n you_o may_v easy_o compute_v the_o point_n of_o the_o five_o rank_n or_o if_o you_o will_v of_o the_o six_o rank_n to_o extend_v three_o foot_n before_o the_o first_o rank_n of_o all_o which_o i_o have_v speak_v enough_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o gracian_a militia_n now_o though_o all_o the_o rank_n behind_o the_o six_o be_v useless_a as_o to_o the_o present_v their_o pike_n or_o wound_v a_o enemy_n yet_o by_o the_o weight_n and_o strength_n of_o their_o body_n they_o assist_v the_o impression_n of_o the_o first_o six_o rank_n help_v the_o charge_n to_o be_v more_o forcible_a and_o take_v away_o all_o possibility_n from_o those_o that_o be_v before_o they_o to_o turn_v their_o back_n upon_o the_o enemy_n but_o this_o phalange_n must_v have_v such_o a_o disadvantage_n its_o first_o disadvantage_n ground_n that_o it_o may_v open_v and_o close_o at_o pleasure_n and_o that_o ground_n must_v be_v plain_a and_o even_o without_o the_o encumbrance_n of_o wood_n tree_n bush_n hedge_n ditch_n enclosure_n rise_v hill_n and_o hollow_a ground_n for_o any_o of_o these_o be_v sufficient_a to_o disorder_v it_o in_o its_o part_n and_o that_o be_v once_o do_v a_o enemy_n with_o little_a or_o no_o danger_n may_v enter_v at_o the_o void_a place_n of_o that_o great_a body_n when_o it_o be_v disjoin_v and_o swordman_n be_v once_o within_o the_o point_n of_o the_o pike_n the_o pike-man_n be_v a_o prey_n to_o they_o especial_o to_o the_o roman_a legionary_n who_o beside_o short_a sword_n carry_v likewise_o semispathâ—_n which_o i_o english_a dagger_n now_o say_v polybius_n such_o a_o champaign_n such_o a_o field_n as_o we_o have_v describe_v not_o be_v to_o be_v find_v every_o where_o the_o phalange_n must_v of_o necessity_n stay_v where_o it_o have_v meâ—_n with_o such_o a_o ground_n and_o march_v from_o it_o and_o accept_v of_o such_o as_o time_n place_n or_o occasion_n offer_v as_o all_o army_n must_v do_v if_o the_o first_o then_o have_v a_o enemy_n free_a liberty_n to_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o country_n to_o besiege_v and_o force_v town_n and_o take_v all_o other_o manner_n of_o advantage_n if_o the_o second_o and_o that_o the_o field_n prove_v improper_a for_o the_o phalange_n than_o the_o enemy_n take_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o ground_n enter_v at_o the_o void_a place_n and_o have_v so_o disarrayed_a it_o quick_o overthrow_v it_o next_o polybius_n grant_v that_o the_o phalange_n have_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o legion_n in_o this_o that_o three_o foot_n be_v advantage_n its_o second_o advantage_n allow_v between_o two_o legionary_n whereof_o i_o have_v speak_v in_o my_o discourse_n of_o interval_n and_o but_o half_a so_o much_o to_o two_o phalangites_n when_o they_o be_v both_o to_o fight_v it_o follow_v that_o every_o legionary_a have_v two_o phalangites_n in_o front_n of_o he_o and_o consequent_o twelve_o pike_n present_v to_o he_o for_o it_o be_v already_o grant_v that_o the_o point_n of_o the_o pike_n of_o the_o six_o rank_n may_v be_v extend_v before_o the_o first_o rank_n so_o by_o this_o account_n there_o be_v twelve_o man_n against_o one_o a_o advantage_n in_o nature_n irresistible_a but_o on_o the_o other_o part_n the_o phalangites_n can_v not_o fight_v in_o maniple_n â—ohorts_n or_o small_a body_n for_o be_v disadvantage_n its_o second_o disadvantage_n separate_v or_o divide_v they_o be_v quick_o break_v the_o legionary_n be_v so_o aâ—med_v and_o that_o they_o can_v fight_v any_o way_n either_o in_o a_o great_a or_o small_a body_n or_o man_n to_o man_n at_o any_o time_n or_o in_o any_o place_n let_v the_o encumbrance_n be_v what_o they_o will_n let_v we_o resume_v all_o this_o and_o say_v in_o one_o word_n polybius_n prefer_v the_o legion_n to_o the_o phalange_n because_o the_o essential_a propriety_n of_o the_o phalange_n be_v to_o fight_v close_o together_o and_o so_o long_o as_o it_o be_v able_a to_o keep_v so_o it_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v down_o the_o legion_n but_o sure_o it_o can_v but_o seldom_o keep_v in_o one_o entire_a body_n the_o legion_n by_o its_o order_n and_o constitution_n be_v apt_a to_o fight_v in_o small_a or_o little_a body_n and_o to_o divide_v according_a to_o opportunity_n and_o emergency_n can_v ready_o enter_v at_o the_o void_a place_n of_o the_o phalange_n whether_o these_o be_v in_o the_o van_n rear_n or_o flank_n and_o overthrow_v it_o as_o often_o it_o do_v i_o shall_v presume_v to_o add_v two_o other_o advantage_n that_o i_o think_v the_o legion_n have_v of_o phalange_n a_o legion_n three_o advantage_n over_o the_o phalange_n the_o phalange_n which_o polybius_n have_v not_o mention_v the_o first_o the_o phalange_n fight_v all_o in_o one_o body_n the_o legion_n in_o three_o body_n successive_o one_o after_o another_o so_o that_o if_o the_o hasâ—aâ—â—_n charge_v brisk_o they_o may_v put_v the_o great_a body_n of_o the_o phalange_n in_o some_o disorder_n and_o they_o retire_v the_o principes_fw-la find_v it_o in_o some_o discomposure_n may_v disorder_v it_o so_o that_o the_o triarii_n come_v fresh_a to_o the_o charge_n may_v have_v a_o very_a cheap_a market_n of_o it_o the_o second_o advantage_n which_o i_o conceive_v the_o legion_n have_v of_o the_o phalange_n advantage_n a_o legion_n four_o advantage_n be_v in_o its_o large_a front_n which_o i_o offer_v to_o make_v appear_v thus_o the_o great_a phalange_n consist_v of_o sixteen_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o eighty_o four_o heavy_a arm_v these_o marshal_v sixteen_o deep_a and_o so_o their_o front_n consist_v of_o one_o thousand_o twenty_o four_o man_n to_o who_o you_o be_v to_o allow_v one_o thousand_o twenty_o four_o foot_n for_o they_o to_o stand_v on_o when_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v they_o have_v no_o more_o but_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a allow_v between_o file_n and_o therefore_o for_o one_o thousand_o twenty_o four_o file_n allow_v one_o thousand_o twenty_o three_o distance_n and_o for_o these_o fifteen_o hundred_o thirty_o four_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a add_v these_o the_o aggregate_v be_v two_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o fifty_o eight_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a thus_o much_o ground_n and_o no_o more_o do_v the_o phalange_n take_v up_o in_o its_o longitude_n when_o it_o be_v to_o fight_v the_o legion_n be_v compose_v of_o three_o body_n who_o be_v marshal_v one_o behind_o another_o the_o hastati_fw-la have_v the_o first_o batallion_n and_o be_v divide_v into_o ten_o maniple_n in_o every_o one_o of_o which_o be_v one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o man_n these_o be_v marshal_v ten_o deep_a and_o so_o each_o maniple_n be_v twelve_o man_n in_o front_n for_o who_o allow_v twelve_o foot_n to_o stand_v on_o and_z as_o both_o polybius_n and_o vegetius_n do_v allow_v three_o foot_n between_o file_n twelve_o file_n have_v eleven_o distance_n and_o for_o they_o you_o must_v have_v thirty_o three_o foot_n add_v thirty_o three_o to_o twelve_o make_v forty_o five_o so_o much_o ground_n do_v every_o maniple_n possess_v in_o front_n â—n_o every_o batallion_n be_v ten_o maniple_n multiply_v then_o forty_o five_o by_o ten_o the_o product_n will_v be_v four_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o you_o may_v remember_v that_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o demonstrate_v that_o these_o ten_o maniple_n have_v nine_o interval_n and_o every_o interval_n must_v have_v as_o 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in_o other_o place_n general_n rumour_n master_n general_n be_v more_o than_o i_o have_v learn_v his_o charge_n be_v to_o ride_v with_o a_o guard_n of_o horse_n and_o some_o hangman_n on_o the_o van_n and_o flank_n of_o the_o army_n and_o in_o a_o retreat_n in_o the_o rear_n to_o save_v all_o the_o several_a quarter_n and_o country_n from_o be_v pillage_v or_o plunder_v and_o the_o country_n people_n from_o be_v wrong_v and_o many_o time_n he_o be_v command_v to_o use_n summary_n justice_n and_o execution_n on_o the_o offender_n in_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v take_v but_o for_o most_o part_n only_o to_o apprehend_v they_o and_o deliver_v they_o over_o to_o the_o marshal_n general_n the_o law_n and_o article_n of_o war_n of_o every_o prince_n and_o state_n ought_v to_o be_v promulgate_v to_o all_o the_o army_n and_o read_v over_o to_o every_o particular_a regiment_n troop_n and_o company_n every_o month_n or_o at_o least_o every_o quarter_n of_o a_o year_n that_o none_o may_v 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officer_n suppose_v sergeant_n and_o corporal_n ought_v to_o be_v choose_v â—o_o sit_v as_o know_v in_o some_o measure_n what_o it_o be_v to_o judge_v according_a to_o equity_n and_o reason_n for_o i_o have_v see_v many_o of_o they_o in_o several_a place_n of_o the_o world_n who_o think_v they_o give_v their_o verdict_n like_o wise_a man_n and_o gallant_a fellow_n even_o when_o article_n of_o war_n be_v clear_a when_o by_o their_o sentence_n they_o refer_v a_o offender_n guilty_a of_o a_o capital_a crime_n to_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o lord_n general_n or_o the_o colonel_n the_o french_a council_n of_o war_n now_o may_v consist_v of_o seven_o officer_n and_o in_o they_o lieutenant_n sublieutenant_n and_o ensign_n must_v only_o stand_v with_o their_o hat_n off_o but_o give_v no_o sentence_n chap._n x._o of_o exercise_v drilling_n and_o training_n the_o several_a body_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o the_o infantry_n have_v levy_v and_o arm_v our_o soldier_n both_o of_o horse_n and_o foot_n and_o sufficient_o entertain_v they_o with_o goodly_a promise_n of_o pay_n proviant_a service_n and_o free_a quarter_n and_o show_v they_o under_o what_o law_n and_o discipline_n they_o be_v to_o live_v it_o will_v be_v time_n to_o teach_v they_o the_o duty_n of_o soldier_n and_o this_o be_v do_v by_o exercise_v and_o drilling_n they_o what_o kind_n of_o exercise_n officer_n and_o soldier_n be_v inure_v to_o in_o ancient_a time_n have_v be_v abundant_o tell_v you_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o gracian_a and_o roman_a art_n of_o war._n wrestle_a run_v leap_v swim_v all_o which_o harden_v and_o enable_v a_o man_n body_n and_o render_v the_o soldier_n active_a and_o dexterous_a in_o battle_n at_o storm_n and_o assault_n in_o pursuit_n of_o his_o enemy_n and_o sometime_o in_o flight_n to_o save_v his_o own_o life_n be_v the_o duty_n impose_v in_o ancient_a time_n and_o to_o they_o proper_o belong_v call_v exercise_n proper_o so_o call_v the_o word_n of_o exercise_n but_o this_o kind_n of_o exercise_n be_v now_o rather_o permit_v than_o command_v the_o use_v the_o spade_n and_o mattock_n in_o make_v rampart_n and_o ditch_n build_v wall_n sconce_n fort_n and_o castle_n constant_o practise_v in_o time_n of_o peace_n by_o the_o ancient_n especial_o the_o roman_n be_v not_o now_o at_o all_o thought_n of_o till_o either_o the_o siege_n or_o defence_n of_o a_o town_n or_o the_o necessity_n to_o fortify_v a_o camp_n render_v it_o necessary_a and_o then_o six_o soldier_n not_o accustom_a before_o to_o that_o manner_n of_o exercise_n be_v not_o able_a to_o work_v so_o much_o as_o one_o country-fellow_n new_o take_v from_o the_o blow_n the_o custom_n of_o shoot_v at_o butt_n with_o bow_n and_o arrow_n in_o scotland_n and_o england_n be_v much_o if_o not_o whole_o wear_v out_o in_o foreign_a place_n their_o shoot_v with_o firelock_n and_o riâ—â—ed_a gun_n at_o mark_n every_o holiday_n may_v make_v they_o good_a firemen_n and_o good_a marks-man_n but_o do_v not_o strengthen_v the_o nerve_n and_o arm_n of_o man_n as_o the_o bow_n do_v but_o to_o bring_v these_o exercise_n so_o much_o conduce_v to_o the_o health_n and_o strength_n of_o a_o army_n in_o fashion_n again_o must_v be_v the_o work_n of_o no_o private_a person_n but_o of_o a_o prince_n or_o state_n another_o part_n of_o military_a exercise_n consist_v in_o teach_v the_o soldier_n both_o part_n training_n and_o drilling_n divide_v into_o two_o part_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n to_o fight_v orderly_o and_o ready_o with_o a_o enemy_n and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o proper_o we_o call_v training_n and_o drilling_n it_o consist_v of_o two_o part_n the_o first_o be_v to_o teach_v they_o to_o handle_v and_o manage_v their_o offensive_a arm_n whatsoever_o they_o be_v handsome_o ready_o and_o dexterous_o and_o this_o be_v ordinary_o call_v the_o posture_n the_o second_o be_v to_o make_v they_o when_o they_o be_v in_o a_o body_n to_o cast_v themselves_o in_o such_o a_o figure_n or_o order_n as_o shall_v be_v command_v they_o and_o this_o be_v common_o call_v the_o motion_n and_o evolution_n before_o i_o speak_v any_o more_o on_o this_o subject_a i_o shall_v say_v that_o though_o this_o drilling_n and_o training_n be_v not_o so_o much_o forget_v as_o those_o other_o exercise_n be_v whereof_o i_o have_v but_o just_a now_o speak_v yet_o it_o be_v too_o much_o neglect_v in_o many_o place_n neglect_v much_o neglect_v neither_o do_v i_o think_v it_o be_v so_o much_o use_v in_o any_o place_n of_o europe_n as_o in_o his_o majesty_n dominion_n in_o which_o the_o ancient_n be_v well_o imitate_v who_o train_v their_o army_n very_o punctual_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n as_o well_o as_o in_o time_n of_o war._n i_o wish_v all_o company_n who_o otherwise_o be_v well_o enough_o train_v be_v accustom_a to_o make_v march_n when_o they_o be_v exercise_v as_o i_o say_v in_o my_o discourse_n of_o defensive_a arms._n for_o though_o i_o do_v not_o desire_v they_o shall_v be_v make_v to_o run_v or_o walk_v twenty_o or_o five_o and_o twenty_o mile_n in_o five_o or_o six_o hour_n time_n and_o in_o full_a arm_n as_o the_o roman_n do_v yet_o i_o think_v they_o will_v be_v much_o strengthen_v and_o exercisâ—_n march_v a_o necessary_a point_n of_o military_a exercisâ—_n make_v more_o healthful_a and_o more_o able_a to_o endure_v fatigue_n if_o they_o be_v make_v twice_o a_o week_n march_v in_o a_o summer-morning_n seven_o or_o eight_o mile_n and_o back_o again_o in_o the_o afternoon_n and_o proportionable_o as_o far_o in_o the_o winter_n this_o be_v frequent_o practise_v in_o time_n of_o peace_n will_v make_v long_o and_o speedy_a march_n which_o often_o be_v necessary_a in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n even_o with_o defensive_a arm_n very_o easy_a and_o it_o will_v accustom_v the_o soldier_n to_o keep_v their_o rank_n and_o file_n punctual_o provide_v officer_n be_v attentive_a to_o see_v they_o do_v it_o on_o that_o march_n this_o will_v be_v to_o some_o better_a purpose_n than_o for_o commander_n to_o march_v with_o squad_n with_o half_a or_o whole_a regiment_n a_o half_a hour_n it_o may_v be_v a_o whole_a one_o up_o and_o down_o to_z and_o again_o upon_o one_o spot_n of_o ground_n a_o right_a mockmarch_n mockmarch_n a_o mockmarch_n whereby_o some_o officer_n contrary_v to_o their_o intention_n for_o they_o think_v they_o be_v do_v a_o very_a handsome_a feat_n make_v themselves_o ridiculous_a to_o both_o the_o spectator_n and_o their_o own_o soldier_n the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n in_o time_n of_o war_n drill_v their_o army_n in_o the_o field_n but_o training_n be_v look_v upon_o now_o as_o a_o unnecessary_a thing_n not_o only_o in_o the_o field_n but_o in_o town_n and_o garrison_n likewise_o this_o be_v not_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n fault_n but_o be_v a_o inexcusable_a neglect_n and_o carelessness_n of_o colonel_n who_o
have_v discharge_v their_o shot_n even_o in_o the_o hot_a piece_n of_o service_n and_o without_o the_o help_n of_o musquet-rests_a and_o i_o suppose_v it_o needs_o be_v think_v no_o paradox_n in_o i_o to_o say_v that_o five_o rank_n of_o musqueteer_n can_v fire_v one_o after_o another_o without_o intermission_n and_o deep_a five_o deep_a the_o first_o of_o the_o five_o be_v ready_a to_o fire_n again_o before_o the_o last_o have_v discharge_v let_v any_o commander_n try_v it_o with_o expert_a firemen_n he_o will_v find_v it_o will_v be_v do_v easy_o enough_o and_o that_o you_o may_v see_v that_o this_o be_v no_o new_a conceit_n of_o i_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o that_o giovio_n inform_v we_o that_o at_o vienna_n the_o twenty_o thousand_o harquebusier_n that_o be_v in_o the_o christian_a army_n be_v all_o marshal_v five_o deep_a and_o so_o make_v four_o thousand_o file_n it_o be_v without_o all_o peradventure_o that_o the_o best_a commander_n then_o in_o europe_n be_v there_o who_o will_v not_o have_v permit_v this_o if_o they_o have_v not_o know_v that_o the_o first_o rank_n can_v have_v fire_v and_o make_v ready_a again_o before_o all_o the_o other_o four_o have_v discharge_v neither_o must_v you_o impute_v this_o to_o the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o historian_n as_o be_v a_o churchman_n for_o he_o be_v so_o punctual_a as_o to_o write_v nothing_o of_o any_o military_a action_n but_o what_o he_o have_v from_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o great_a captain_n that_o be_v upon_o the_o place_n and_o true_o if_o you_o will_v consider_v all_o i_o have_v say_v or_o all_o that_o may_v be_v say_v on_o this_o subject_n it_o reason_n for_o it_o you_o may_v perhaps_o think_v with_o i_o that_o both_o musqueteer_n and_o pikeman_n may_v be_v marshal_v five_o deep_a with_o no_o inconvenience_n at_o all_o to_o the_o service_n i_o think_v i_o hear_v some_o speculative_a person_n cry_v out_o that_o this_o be_v against_o the_o rule_n of_o all_o tactic_n who_o reject_v odd_a number_n as_o unfit_a for_o double_v but_o stay_v do_v you_o exercise_v for_o show_v only_o or_o for_o use_v if_o only_o for_o show_v i_o grant_v you_o shall_v neither_o have_v odd_a rank_n it_o objection_n against_o it_o nor_o file_n but_o if_o for_o use_n i_o say_v that_o five_o deep_a be_v better_a than_o six_o deep_a for_o those_o very_a reason_n that_o make_v six_o deep_o better_a than_o eight_o deep_a and_o eight_o better_a than_o ten_o you_o say_v you_o can_v double_v your_o rank_n at_o five_o deep_a what_o then_o i_o say_v you_o need_v not_o for_o i_o will_v have_v your_o rank_n no_o few_o than_o five_o when_o you_o be_v ten_o answer_v answer_v deep_a why_o double_v you_o your_o rank_n be_v it_o not_o to_o make_v they_o five_o and_o thereby_o to_o enlarge_v your_o front_n and_o why_o then_o may_v you_o not_o be_v five_o rank_n at_o first_o and_o thereby_o save_v yourself_o the_o labour_n of_o double_v and_o as_o it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o necessary_a to_o double_v your_o rank_n when_o your_o batallion_n consist_v of_o no_o more_o but_o five_o rank_n so_o i_o conceive_v the_o double_n of_o rank_n not_o necessary_a when_o your_o battle_n be_v but_o six_o deep_a for_o three_o rank_n of_o pike_n be_v not_o strong_a enough_o either_o to_o give_v or_o receive_v a_o charge_n nor_o be_v they_o numerous_a enough_o for_o musqueteer_n to_o fire_n one_o rank_n after_o another_o without_o interruption_n it_o not_o be_v feasible_a for_o the_o first_o rank_n to_o fire_n and_o be_v ready_a before_o the_o three_o rank_n have_v discharge_v so_o that_o when_o six_o rank_n be_v make_v three_o it_o be_v only_o for_o a_o part_a blow_n for_o the_o musqueteer_n to_o fire_n kneel_v stoop_a and_o stand_v now_o you_o may_v order_v the_o first_o three_o rank_n of_o five_o to_o fire_n in_o the_o same_o fashion_n kneel_v stoop_a and_o stand_v and_o you_o have_v by_o the_o bargain_n two_o rank_n in_o reserve_n till_o the_o first_o three_o recover_v and_o those_o two_o rank_n may_v afterward_o fire_n the_o first_o rank_n kneel_v and_o the_o second_o stand_v and_o then_o all_o the_o five_o rank_n have_v fire_v and_o be_v as_o ready_a either_o with_o butt_n of_o musket_n or_o sword_n to_o receive_v the_o enemy_n if_o he_o advance_v as_o the_o six_o rank_n double_v in_o three_o and_o in_o far_o better_a order_n either_o then_o your_o double_n of_o rank_n be_v unnecessary_a in_o service_n or_o five_o deep_a at_o first_o be_v as_o good_a if_o not_o better_a as_o ten_o rank_n to_o be_v double_v in_o five_o or_o six_o rank_n double_v in_o three_o and_o though_o five_o rank_n can_v be_v double_v the_o inconvenience_n of_o that_o be_v not_o so_o great_a as_o the_o advantage_n it_o have_v of_o a_o large_a front_n and_o bring_v many_o hand_n to_o fight_v and_o if_o upon_o any_o emergency_n which_o will_v fall_v out_o very_o seldom_o you_o conceive_v your_o front_n too_o large_a you_o may_v quick_o help_v it_o opinion_n the_o author_n private_a opinion_n by_o cause_v your_o file_n to_o 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and_o thirteen_o rider_n as_o thus_o first_o one_o behind_z him_z three_z behind_o they_o five_o behind_o they_o seven_o then_o nine_o then_o eleven_o than_o thirteen_o and_o in_o the_o eight_o rank_a place_n fifteen_o from_o that_o rank_n your_o number_n decrease_v for_o next_o to_o fifteen_o you_o be_v to_o place_v thirteen_o behind_o they_o eleven_o than_o nine_o then_o seven_o then_o five_o then_z three_z and_o last_o one_o this_o be_v also_o a_o thessalian_a rhombus_fw-la of_o horse_n a_o figure_n whereof_o aelian_a bestow_v upon_o we_o this_o troop_n i_o conceive_v be_v at_o open_a order_n for_o it_o be_v very_o requisite_a it_o shall_v be_v so_o can_v upon_o a_o occasion_n front_v any_o way_n without_o wheel_v to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n by_o a_o half_a turn_n of_o their_o horse_n and_o to_o the_o rear_n by_o two_o half_a turn_n and_o immediate_o thereafter_o serr_v together_o either_o to_o give_v or_o receive_v the_o charge_n this_o figure_n of_o the_o rhombus_fw-la 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troop_n let_v we_o see_v how_o polybius_n will_v help_v we_o in_o all_o or_o in_o any_o of_o these_o in_o his_o six_o book_n he_o say_v in_o old_a time_n two_o hundred_o horse_n be_v assign_v for_o every_o legion_n and_o these_o be_v elect_v after_o the_o foot_n be_v levy_v but_o in_o his_o horseman_n election_n of_o the_o horseman_n own_o time_n and_o long_o before_o it_o three_o hundred_o horse_n be_v appoint_v for_o every_o legion_n and_o be_v elect_v before_o the_o foot_n and_o elect_v they_o be_v not_o by_o the_o consul_n or_o tribune_n as_o the_o foot_n be_v but_o by_o the_o censor_n this_o be_v all_o polybius_n say_v of_o their_o election_n out_o of_o history_n we_o find_v that_o the_o roman_a horseman_n be_v all_o of_o the_o equestral_a dignity_n that_o be_v gentleman_n yet_o in_o ancient_a time_n they_o serve_v on_o horse_n buy_v at_o the_o public_a charge_n and_o when_o any_o of_o they_o commit_v gross_a fault_n their_o horse_n be_v take_v from_o they_o which_o be_v just_o 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prafecti_n be_v choose_v by_o who_o he_o tell_v not_o but_o let_v we_o suppose_v by_o the_o consul_n or_o some_o of_o the_o tribune_n he_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n have_v the_o command_n of_o the_o troop_n in_o his_o absence_n he_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n have_v it_o and_o he_o not_o be_v present_a the_o three_o do_v officiate_v these_o three_o choose_v three_o other_o to_o be_v agminis_fw-la or_o turmae_fw-la coactores_fw-la for_o so_o casaubon_n render_v it_o in_o latin_n the_o first_o elect_v praefectus_fw-la be_v call_v turmae_fw-la ductor_n the_o leader_n of_o the_o troop_n the_o other_o two_o be_v call_v decuriones_fw-la and_o i_o suppose_v one_o of_o they_o carry_v the_o vexillum_fw-la or_o banner_n though_o polybius_n tell_v we_o nothing_o of_o it_o and_o yet_o it_o shall_v not_o have_v be_v omit_v since_o every_o troop_n have_v a_o standard_n now_o by_o this_o reckon_n of_o polybius_n so_o weak_a a_o troop_n be_v but_o a_o caporalship_n and_o he_o who_o command_v it_o but_o 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all_o agree_v that_o for_o most_o part_n three_o hundred_o horse_n be_v levy_v with_o each_o legion_n and_o these_o three_o hundred_o divide_v into_o ten_o turmas_fw-la which_o make_v thirty_o for_o each_o troop_n but_o we_o shall_v examine_v how_o he_o dispose_v of_o these_o two_o supernumery_n rider_n when_o we_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o his_o legion_n how_o deep_a or_o how_o many_o in_o file_n these_o troop_n be_v none_o of_o our_o tactic_n we_o deepness_n of_o the_o roman_a horse_n not_o tell_v we_o direct_o write_v no_o more_o than_o they_o do_v of_o the_o depth_n or_o the_o height_n of_o the_o foot_n a_o inexcusable_a oversight_n for_o without_o the_o knowledge_n of_o that_o we_o can_v neither_o know_v nor_o guess_v what_o ground_n a_o maniple_n cohort_n troop_n or_o legion_n can_v or_o may_v take_v up_o vegetius_n give_v we_o some_o ground_n to_o conjecture_v that_o in_o his_o opinion_n the_o foot_n be_v eleven_o in_o file_n for_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n as_o i_o observe_v before_o he_o say_v for_o every_o carrobalist_n mule_n be_v appoint_v to_o draw_v it_o and_o to_o manage_v and_o have_v a_o care_n of_o it_o a_o contubernium_fw-la of_o soldier_n that_o be_v say_v he_o eleven_o man_n this_o will_v not_o positive_o make_v eleven_o in_o file_n yet_o it_o give_v a_o strong_a presumption_n that_o vegetius_n think_v so_o which_o if_o he_o do_v and_o that_o it_o be_v so_o indeed_o all_o master_n of_o the_o military_a art_n have_v take_v up_o their_o measure_n wrong_v in_o appoint_v foot_n file_n to_o be_v of_o even_o and_o equal_a number_n as_o sixteen_o twelve_o ten_o eight_o and_o six_o as_o to_o the_o roman_a horse_n some_o may_v have_v mistake_v polybius_n who_o think_v he_o insinuate_v they_o be_v marshal_v eight_o in_o file_n for_o who_o will_v consider_v right_o what_o he_o write_v will_v find_v that_o in_o that_o place_n he_o speak_v not_o at_o all_o of_o the_o roman_a cavalry_n the_o passage_n be_v in_o the_o twelve_o book_n of_o his_o history_n where_o he_o put_v himself_o to_o much_o trouble_n to_o demonstrate_v the_o vanity_n and_o absurdity_n of_o calisthenes_n polybius_n against_o calisthenes_n calisthenes_n his_o relation_n of_o that_o great_a battle_n fight_v in_o cilicia_n between_o darius_n and_o alexander_n where_o that_o historian_n say_v that_o the_o persian_a king_n march_v with_o thirty_o thousand_o horse_n in_o battle_n and_o call_v up_o his_o mercenary_n to_o he_o who_o be_v as_o many_o all_o this_o in_o a_o ground_n not_o above_o fourteen_o stadia_fw-la or_o furlong_n in_o latitude_n which_o make_v but_o one_o italian_a mile_n and_o three_o quarter_n as_o also_o that_o alexander_n march_v in_o battle_n with_o his_o whole_a foot_n forty_o stadia_fw-la five_o italian_a mile_n in_o a_o uneven_a woody_a and_o break_a ground_n the_o impossibility_n of_o both_o which_o polybius_n as_o a_o experience_a captain_n undertake_v to_o demonstrate_v and_o this_o he_o can_v not_o do_v unless_o he_o have_v first_o consider_v how_o deep_a the_o horse_n be_v marshal_v otherwise_o he_o can_v not_o know_v of_o what_o longitude_n the_o front_n of_o thirty_o thousand_o horseman_n will_v be_v whether_o they_o will_v require_v more_o ground_n than_o the_o fourteen_o furlong_n allow_v by_o calisthenes_n as_o no_o doubt_n they_o do_v and_o therefore_o he_o agree_v on_o eight_o deep_a his_o word_n be_v these_o in_o just_a battle_n say_v he_o the_o horse_n battalion_n be_v so_o order_v for_o most_o part_n that_o its_o deepness_n consist_v of_o eight_o rider_n now_o first_o he_o say_v for_o most_o part_n ut_fw-la plurimum_fw-la not_o always_o for_o indeed_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o he_o know_v well_o enough_o it_o be_v not_o always_o so_o second_o he_o speak_v there_o of_o persian_a and_o gracian_a army_n and_o what_o he_o say_v of_o the_o deepness_n of_o their_o horse_n squadron_n
polybius_n be_v what_o polybius_n be_v be_v a_o soldier_n in_o greece_n and_o as_o himself_o witness_v in_o his_o eleven_o book_n be_v a_o commander_n in_o the_o achaean_n army_n under_o philopamon_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o mantinaea_n against_o machanidas_n the_o tyrant_n of_o lacedaemâ—n_n who_o be_v there_o overthrow_v and_o kill_v he_o be_v long_o after_o that_o a_o great_a favourite_n yea_o a_o counsellor_n of_o that_o scipio_n who_o be_v sometime_o call_v africanus_n minor_n and_o sometime_o numantinus_n because_o he_o end_v the_o carthaginian_a and_o numantine_a war_n with_o the_o destruction_n of_o both_o city_n there_o be_v some_o reason_n why_o scipio_n shall_v be_v kind_a to_o polybius_n because_o his_o natural_a father_n lucius_n aemilius_n for_o this_o scipio_n be_v but_o the_o adopt_a grandchild_n of_o the_o great_a africanus_n be_v the_o author_n of_o carry_v many_o hundred_o achaean_o prisoner_n to_o rome_n for_o no_o reason_n but_o suspicion_n among_o who_o polybius_n 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three_o batallion_n oblige_v to_o kneel_v on_o their_o right_a knee_n till_o either_o the_o other_o two_o class_n retire_v to_o they_o or_o that_o the_o general_n command_v they_o to_o rise_v and_o advance_v these_o he_o say_v be_v never_o more_o than_o six_o hundred_o though_o the_o legion_n chance_v to_o be_v four_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o as_o many_o time_n it_o do_v and_o for_o this_o we_o must_v take_v his_o word_n before_o the_o triarii_n stand_v the_o principes_fw-la man_n in_o the_o flower_n of_o their_o age_n and_o before_o they_o the_o hastati_fw-la in_o the_o van_n they_o be_v the_o young_a and_o raw_a of_o all_o the_o heavy_a arm_v each_o of_o these_o two_o batallion_n consist_v of_o twelve_o hundred_o and_o all_o the_o three_o be_v alike_o arm_v except_o that_o the_o triarii_n instead_o of_o pila_fw-la carry_v short_a spear_n of_o all_o which_o i_o have_v speak_v sufficient_o already_o so_o you_o see_v all_o polybius_n legion_n the_o polybâ—â—â—_n legion_n his_o heavy_a arm_a amount_v to_o three_o thousand_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v twelve_o hundred_o be_v say_v he_o velites_n and_o these_o he_o say_v be_v levy_v of_o the_o poor_a and_o most_o inconsiderable_a sort_n of_o the_o people_n nor_o do_v i_o find_v that_o he_o divide_v these_o twelve_o hundred_o velite_n into_o three_o squadron_n one_o whereof_o shall_v stand_v behind_o every_o one_o of_o the_o class_n of_o the_o heavy_a arm_v of_o all_o which_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o infantry_n and_o yet_o terduzzi_n and_o the_o sieur_n de_fw-fr preissack_n will_v father_n this_o upon_o polybius_n but_o indeed_o in_o my_o judgement_n he_o leave_v the_o light_a arm_a to_o be_v dispose_v of_o in_o the_o flank_n van_n or_o rear_n as_o the_o general_n conceive_v they_o may_v be_v most_o useful_a he_o appoint_v his_o legion_n to_o be_v divide_v into_o thirty_o maniple_n suppose_v still_o the_o heavy_a arm_a each_o maniple_n to_o consist_v of_o two_o centuriates_n to_o every_o century_n he_o allow_v a_o ensign_n and_o a_o centurion_n who_o he_o permit_v to_o choose_v his_o sub-centurion_n of_o all_o which_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v the_o number_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o velite_n may_v alter_v according_a to_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o legion_n but_o not_o the_o triarii_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o three_o hundred_o horse_n be_v levy_v with_o every_o legion_n but_o say_v not_o that_o they_o make_v a_o part_n of_o every_o legion_n these_o three_o hundred_o horse_n he_o divide_v into_o ten_o turm_n or_o troop_n and_o officer_n they_o as_o i_o have_v show_v you_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o cavalry_n he_o leave_v they_o to_o be_v marshal_v where_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a thought_n they_o may_v do_v best_a service_n and_o now_o we_o have_v the_o polybian_a legion_n no_o word_n here_o for_o all_o this_o how_o deep_a that_o be_v how_o many_o in_o file_n either_o of_o horse_n or_o foot_n or_o what_o or_o how_o much_o ground_n be_v allow_v for_o distance_n between_o file_n or_o rank_n or_o yet_o how_o great_a the_o interval_n be_v between_o the_o several_a maniple_n of_o every_o one_o of_o the_o class_n or_o what_o between_o the_o class_n themselves_o or_o between_o the_o several_a troop_n of_o horse_n a_o great_a oversight_n for_o of_o all_o these_o we_o be_v force_v to_o hear_v other_o man_n conjecture_n and_o make_v use_n of_o our_o own_o as_o we_o shall_v offer_v to_o do_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o distance_n and_o interval_n of_o the_o several_a body_n and_o batallion_n of_o the_o foot_n and_o horse_n before_o we_o proceed_v to_o our_o conjecture_n it_o will_v be_v fit_a first_o to_o know_v what_o this_o word_n interval_n proper_o signify_v and_o how_o it_o be_v take_v in_o both_o ancient_n and_o modern_a fortification_n town_n castle_n and_o camp_n be_v defend_v not_o only_o with_o rampart_n of_o earth_n and_o wall_n of_o stone_n but_o also_o with_o great_a log_n or_o stake_n of_o timber_n which_o we_o call_v palliâ—adoes_n these_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o language_n call_v valli_n and_o i_o suppose_v thereafter_o the_o rampart_n itself_o get_v the_o vallum_n vallus_fw-la and_o vallum_n name_n of_o vallus_fw-la and_o vallum_n hence_o perhaps_o our_o wall_n these_o stake_n be_v and_o be_v of_o two_o kind_n long_o and_o short_a the_o first_o stand_v straight_o up_o from_o the_o ground_n the_o second_o have_v the_o one_o end_n of_o they_o fix_v in_o the_o rampart_n and_o the_o other_o lie_v on_o it_o to_o hinder_v a_o approach_n to_o it_o distinguish_v by_o the_o german_n by_o several_a name_n for_o they_o call_v the_o long_a stake_n palliâ—adoes_n and_o the_o short_a one_o stoccado_n both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o sharp-pointed_a at_o both_o end_n the_o ground_n earth_n or_o part_n of_o the_o rampart_n between_o two_o pallisadoe_n or_o stoccado_n be_v proper_o call_v a_o interval_n but_o it_o be_v borrow_a and_o appropriate_v to_o what_o interval_n what_o any_o distance_n between_o body_n great_a and_o small_a yea_o to_o the_o space_n that_o be_v between_o one_o time_n and_o another_o a_o interval_n of_o time_n be_v now_o language_n proper_a enough_o and_o physician_n borrow_v it_o and_o call_v a_o intermit_a ague_n febris_n intervallata_n a_o intervalled_a favour_n what_o distance_n or_o interval_n there_o be_v between_o roman_a rank_n and_o between_o tell_v deepness_n of_o the_o file_n not_o tell_v file_n between_o several_a body_n of_o either_o their_o horse_n or_o foot_n no_o ancient_a author_n have_v clear_v to_o we_o but_o leave_v we_o to_o grope_v in_o the_o dark_a nor_o can_v we_o well_o guess_v at_o they_o till_o we_o condescend_v how_o many_o in_o file_n both_o horse_n and_o foot_n be_v marshal_v i_o tell_v you_o before_o that_o vegetius_n in_o the_o twenty_o five_o chapter_n vegetius_n by_o vegetius_n of_o his_o second_o book_n seem_v to_o make_v the_o foot_n eleven_o deep_a because_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o he_o order_v a_o contubernium_fw-la of_o soldier_n to_o manage_v a_o carrobalist_n and_o that_o he_o say_v consist_v of_o eleven_o man_n but_o this_o do_v not_o prove_v that_o vegetius_n his_o file_n be_v precise_o eleven_o no_o more_o than_o what_o he_o say_v in_o the_o fifteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n that_o ten_o thousand_o man_n draw_v up_o in_o six_o rank_n will_v take_v up_o so_o much_o ground_n in_o front_n will_v prove_v that_o the_o roman_a foot_n be_v draw_v up_o six_o deep_a and_o so_o for_o vegetius_n we_o know_v not_o the_o deepness_n of_o either_o the_o roman_a foot_n or_o horse_n nor_o will_v we_o be_v one_o jot_n the_o wise_a for_o polybius_n for_o the_o discourse_n he_o have_v in_o his_o twelve_o book_n where_o he_o speak_v of_o horse_n polybius_n nor_o by_o polybius_n eight_o in_o file_n do_v not_o concern_v the_o roman_a militia_n for_o
ill_a that_o these_o sixteen_o hundred_o sixty_o six_o file_n take_v no_o more_o ground_n up_o in_o front_n but_o one_o thousand_o pace_n that_o be_v five_o thousand_o foot_n a_o thing_n pure_o impossible_a for_o three_o foot_n of_o distance_n be_v allow_v by_o himself_o between_o file_n and_o file_n and_o next_o sixteen_o hundred_o sixty_o six_o file_n require_v sixteen_o hundred_o sixty_o five_o distance_n multiply_v sixteen_o hundred_o sixty_o five_o by_o three_o the_o product_n be_v four_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o ninety_o five_o these_o want_n but_o 5_o foot_n of_o vegetius_n his_o one_o thousand_o pace_n where_o shall_v then_o the_o sixteen_o hundred_o sixty_o six_o combatant_n stand_v certain_o they_o have_v sixteen_o hundred_o sixty_o six_o foot_n of_o ground_n to_o stand_v on_o add_v sixteen_o hundred_o sixty_o six_o to_o four_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o ninety_o five_o the_o aggregate_v be_v six_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o sixty_o one_o foot_n a_o three_o more_o than_o 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and_o if_o that_o piece_n of_o polybius_n be_v not_o lose_v with_o other_o of_o his_o work_n assure_o it_o be_v a_o inexcusable_a oversight_n i_o dare_v not_o accuse_v vegetius_n of_o this_o neglect_n though_o lipsius_n seem_v to_o do_v it_o for_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o what_o he_o speak_v of_o understand_v vegetius_n 〈…〉_o to_o be_v understand_v the_o distance_n between_o rank_n as_o i_o have_v understand_v he_o it_o be_v in_o the_o fourteen_o and_o fifteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n he_o may_v have_v mean_v interval_n between_o the_o great_a body_n for_o in_o these_o place_n he_o use_v the_o word_n ordâ—_n and_o acies_fw-la indifferent_o and_o though_o ordo_fw-la be_v sometime_o take_v for_o a_o rank_n sometime_o for_o a_o band_n or_o company_n yet_o acies_fw-la be_v ever_o take_v for_o a_o battle_n or_o batallion_n and_o to_o i_o it_o be_v clear_a enough_o that_o in_o the_o mentioned_a place_n he_o take_v ordo_fw-la for_o batallion_n and_o make_v six_o of_o they_o the_o first_o of_o principes_fw-la the_o second_o of_o hastati_fw-la the_o three_o forth_z and_z fifth_z of_o light_n arm_v the_o six_o of_o triarii_n now_o it_o be_v palpable_a these_o great_a body_n be_v not_o rank_n for_o every_o one_o of_o they_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o consist_v of_o ten_o rank_n but_o be_v all_o several_a batallion_n whereof_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o before_o he_o compose_v his_o legion_n but_o whether_o he_o mean_v rank_n or_o batallion_n the_o error_n i_o mention_v be_v still_o the_o same_o in_o make_v six_o several_a body_n be_v they_o rank_n file_n squadron_n or_o batallion_n to_o have_v six_o distance_n for_o they_o can_v possible_o have_v more_o than_o five_o but_o if_o in_o these_o place_n he_o allow_v but_o six_o foot_n of_o interval_n between_o these_o class_n and_o great_a body_n it_o speak_v he_o to_o have_v be_v almost_o out_o of_o his_o wit_n when_o he_o write_v it_o as_o the_o reader_n may_v collect_v from_o the_o ensue_a discourse_n but_o 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principes_fw-la and_o the_o triarii_n one_o hundred_o next_o concern_v the_o interval_n between_o the_o maniple_n of_o any_o of_o the_o three_o class_n which_o the_o roman_n call_v via_fw-la directa_fw-la he_o say_v if_o the_o velite_n be_v to_o stand_v in_o they_o the_o interval_n may_v be_v of_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o foot_n if_o not_o ten_o foot_n be_v enough_o this_o be_v brief_o all_o he_o say_v on_o the_o matter_n but_o assure_o if_o this_o learned_a man_n can_v convenlent_o have_v leave_v the_o university_n of_o louvaine_n and_o follow_v the_o spanish_a army_n but_o one_o summer_n or_o as_o we_o call_v it_o one_o campagne_n he_o will_v have_v see_v under_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o famous_a duke_n of_o alva_n and_o parma_n the_o great_a captain_n of_o that_o age_n who_o live_v at_o the_o time_n that_o he_o be_v write_v his_o book_n how_o pitiful_o simple_a that_o school-speculation_n of_o his_o be_v i_o must_v confirm_v my_o opinion_n with_o reason_n for_o authority_n of_o writer_n i_o have_v no_o more_o than_o he_o and_o that_o be_v none_o at_o all_o each_o of_o the_o two_o class_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la consist_v of_o twelve_o hundred_o man_n which_o be_v marshal_v ten_o deep_a make_v one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o file_n vegetius_n allow_v three_o foot_n distance_n between_o file_n these_o make_v three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o foot_n in_o front_n add_v one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o foot_n for_o the_o file_n to_o stand_v on_o the_o ground_n that_o either_o of_o these_o batallion_n stand_v on_o be_v four_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o foot_n in_o longitude_n but_o to_o shun_v debate_n i_o shall_v be_v content_a to_o allow_v but_o one_o foot_n for_o every_o file_n to_o stand_v on_o and_o two_o foot_n of_o interval_n between_o file_n and_o so_o the_o front_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la though_o they_o have_v be_v all_o marshal_v
velite_n be_v not_o to_o stand_v in_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o heavy_a arm_v but_o only_o either_o to_o advance_v to_o the_o van_n or_o retire_v to_o the_o rear_n through_o they_o and_o he_o know_v too_o that_o the_o interval_n between_o maniple_n be_v principal_o for_o the_o maniple_n of_o the_o first_o class_n to_o fall_v in_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o second_o class_n and_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o three_o batallion_n for_o the_o maniple_n of_o the_o other_o two_o to_o full_a back_n to_o they_o and_o therefore_o to_o allow_v but_o ten_o foot_n for_o every_o one_o of_o these_o interval_n be_v a_o inexcusable_a error_n in_o he_o and_o a_o conjecture_n which_o have_v no_o coherence_n with_o sense_n nor_o can_v ever_o be_v justify_v by_o reason_n that_o general_n never_o breathe_v that_o can_v draw_v up_o a_o band_n of_o man_n consist_v of_o twelve_o file_n in_o ten_o foot_n of_o ground_n now_o every_o maniple_n of_o the_o pâ—â—â—cipes_n and_o hastati_fw-la according_a to_o polybius_n who_o lipsius_n follow_v consist_v of_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o man_n and_o these_o be_v ten_o deep_a constitute_v twelve_o file_n these_o have_v eleven_o interval_n every_o one_o of_o which_o being_n three_o foot_n make_v thirty_o three_o foot_n add_v twelve_o to_o that_o for_o the_o twelve_o file_n to_o stand_v on_o the_o aggregate_v maniples_n true_a interval_n between_o maniples_n be_v forty_o five_o foot_n and_o if_o you_o allow_v but_o two_o foot_n for_o every_o interval_n between_o file_n the_o interval_n between_o two_o maniple_n must_v be_v thirty_o four_o foot_n for_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a you_o can_v allow_v less_o ground_n for_o a_o interval_n than_o that_o which_o a_o body_n possess_v that_o be_v ordain_v to_o stand_v in_o that_o interval_n hence_o i_o think_v it_o be_v obvious_a to_o common_a sense_n that_o all_o the_o interval_n between_o the_o maniple_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la be_v of_o forty_o five_o foot_n or_o thirty_o four_o at_o least_o and_o those_o of_o the_o triarii_n of_o ninety_o foot_n or_o sixty_o eight_o at_o least_o in_o regard_n they_o be_v to_o receive_v the_o maniple_n of_o both_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la in_o the_o clear_n this_o point_n of_o distance_n i_o have_v be_v perhaps_o too_o prolix_a and_o have_v use_v repetition_n which_o i_o condemn_v in_o other_o but_o be_v it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a to_o have_v so_o much_o as_o a_o general_a notion_n of_o a_o roman_a army_n how_o it_o be_v marshal_v or_o of_o any_o other_o army_n unless_o you_o know_v the_o interval_n i_o have_v not_o think_v it_o amiss_o to_o spend_v a_o little_a paper_n on_o that_o subject_a and_o indeed_o we_o be_v leave_v as_o in_o many_o other_o point_n necessary_a to_o be_v know_v so_o in_o this_o to_o grope_v in_o the_o dark_a nor_o have_v i_o be_v so_o severe_a to_o the_o learned_a lipsius_n for_o his_o extravagant_a conjecture_n of_o roman_a interval_n but_o i_o shall_v be_v ready_a to_o accept_v and_o desire_v other_o to_o do_v so_o too_o of_o his_o own_o excuse_n which_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o in_o his_o own_o word_n as_o i_o find_v they_o in_o the_o four_o book_n of_o his_o commentary_n hâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d as_o i_o as_o â—â—_o rerâ—â—â—â—_n veterâ—â—â—_n quas_fw-la excuse_v lipsius_n excuse_v revera_fw-la per_fw-la leves_fw-la conjecturas_fw-la &_o fallacia_fw-la vestigia_fw-la 〈◊〉_d ah_o say_v he_o my_o darkness_n or_o that_o of_o ancient_a thing_n which_o indeed_o we_o must_v hunt_v after_o with_o uncertain_a conjecture_n and_o through_o fallacious_a footstep_n chap._n xv._o of_o the_o roman_a ally_n and_o auxiliary_n and_o the_o mistake_v of_o some_o author_n concern_v they_o you_o may_v read_v very_o frequent_o in_o roman_a story_n of_o socii_fw-la ally_n and_o confederate_n who_o be_v oblige_v by_o covenant_n and_o stipulation_n to_o send_v out_o such_o a_o assistance_n of_o man_n for_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n as_o the_o senate_n or_o the_o consul_n require_v till_o a_o little_a before_o julius_n caesar_n time_n after_o that_o you_o shall_v read_v no_o more_o of_o they_o for_o than_o they_o be_v all_o make_v citizen_n of_o rome_n and_o reckon_v to_o be_v of_o one_o incorporation_n the_o difference_n between_o ally_n and_o auxiliary_n be_v the_o first_o can_v only_a be_v italian_n the_o second_o be_v of_o any_o other_o nation_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o though_o we_o read_v of_o no_o ally_n that_o join_v with_o lucullâ—â—_n sylla_n pompâ—y_n caesar_n anthony_n vespasian_n and_o his_o son_n titus_n yet_o we_o find_v their_o army_n mighty_o strengthen_v by_o auxiliary_n but_o indeed_o the_o roman_n do_v but_o fool_n some_o of_o the_o italian_a town_n and_o republic_n with_o the_o goodly_a show_n of_o alliance_n and_o the_o honourable_a title_n of_o socii_fw-la whereas_o true_o they_o use_v they_o no_o better_a than_o vassal_n oblige_v use_v roman_n ally_n ill_o use_v they_o to_o follow_v they_o in_o the_o pursuance_n of_o their_o ambitious_a design_n with_o as_o many_o force_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n as_o the_o senate_n please_v to_o impose_v on_o they_o and_o to_o serve_v at_o their_o own_o charge_n except_o a_o little_a proviant_a which_o with_o the_o help_n of_o these_o same_o ally_n they_o take_v from_o a_o enemy_n hence_o come_v these_o many_o grievance_n of_o the_o confederated_a town_n mention_v in_o the_o roman_a history_n and_o once_o a_o total_a rapture_n of_o the_o latin_n from_o they_o till_o after_o much_o bloodshed_n they_o be_v reduce_v to_o their_o former_a condition_n till_o the_o roman_n have_v overmastered_n hannibal_n philip_n of_o macedon_n and_o the_o great_a king_n of_o syria_n antiochus_n we_o shall_v seldom_o read_v of_o any_o of_o their_o army_n that_o be_v not_o pvissant_o assist_v by_o their_o ally_n the_o number_n either_o as_o to_o foot_n or_o horse_n ally_n number_n of_o the_o ally_n of_o which_o that_o assistance_n consist_v may_v be_v collect_v from_o the_o several_a time_n of_o their_o conjunction_n but_o that_o they_o be_v determinate_o and_o constant_o stint_v to_o such_o a_o number_n can_v never_o be_v prove_v out_o of_o ancient_a story_n yet_o i_o find_v vegetius_n very_o positive_a in_o it_o and_o in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n he_o offer_v to_o assure_v vegetius_n mistake_v by_o vegetius_n his_o reader_n that_o neither_o ally_n nor_o auxiliary_n be_v ever_o in_o one_o army_n strong_a than_o the_o roman_n take_v his_o own_o word_n illa_fw-la tamen_fw-la ratio_fw-la servata_fw-la est_fw-la ne_fw-la unquam_fw-la ampliâ—r_fw-la multitudo_fw-la sociorum_fw-la auxiliaxiumve_fw-la â—sset_fw-la in_o castris_fw-la quam_fw-la civium_fw-la romanorum_fw-la that_o care_n say_v he_o be_v take_v that_o no_o great_a number_n of_o ally_n or_o auxiliary_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o camp_n than_o of_o roman_a citizen_n and_o machiavelli_n in_o the_o three_o machiavelli_n mistake_v by_o machiavelli_n book_n of_o his_o art_n of_o war_n say_v that_o every_o consular_a army_n consist_v of_o two_o legion_n which_o be_v eleven_o thousand_o foot_n and_o two_o legion_n of_o ally_n which_o make_v also_o eleven_o thousand_o foot_n i_o shall_v first_o speak_v a_o word_n to_o both_o of_o they_o together_o and_o then_o several_o to_o each_o of_o they_o both_o of_o they_o have_v read_v livy_n and_o till_o they_o have_v produce_v a_o more_o authentic_a historian_n none_o of_o they_o shall_v have_v give_v he_o the_o lie_n so_o broad_o this_o author_n in_o his_o twenty_o first_o book_n tell_v we_o that_o after_o hannibal_n come_v to_o italy_n cor._n scipio_n and_o sempronius_n levy_v six_o legion_n of_o roman_n each_o of_o four_o thousand_o foot_n and_o for_o every_o one_o of_o they_o three_o hundred_o horse_n and_o in_o that_o same_o place_n he_o cast_v up_o the_o total_a of_o they_o to_o be_v twenty_o four_o thousand_o foot_n and_o eighteen_o hundred_o horse_n and_o of_o ally_n say_v he_o forty_o four_o thousand_o foot_n and_o four_o thousand_o horse_n this_o want_v but_o four_o thousand_o of_o the_o double_a number_n of_o the_o roman_a foot_n and_o four_o hundred_o more_o than_o double_a the_o number_n of_o the_o roman_a horse_n in_o his_o thirty_o five_o book_n he_o inform_v we_o that_o in_o the_o war_n against_o antiochus_n the_o consul_n quintius_n raise_v two_o legion_n each_o of_o five_o thousand_o foot_n in_o all_o ten_o thousand_o and_o six_o hundred_o horse_n and_o of_o the_o ally_n say_v he_o twenty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o eight_o hundred_o horse_n the_o number_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v double_a the_o roman_a infantry_n and_o the_o horse_n exceed_v livius_n prove_v out_o of_o livius_n the_o roman_a by_o two_o hundred_o in_o the_o istrian_a war_n a_o little_a before_o that_o of_o macedon_n livy_n in_o his_o forty_o first_o book_n say_v ten_o thousand_o roman_a foot_n and_o three_o hundred_o horse_n be_v levy_v and_o of_o the_o ally_n twelve_o thousand_o foot_n and_o six_o hundred_o
divide_v by_o a_o street_n fifty_o foot_n broad_a from_o the_o ally_n who_o constant_o quarter_v on_o their_o right_a hand_n you_o will_v remember_v that_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o ally_n i_o tell_v you_o that_o the_o three_o part_n of_o their_o horse_n and_o five_o part_n of_o their_o foot_n be_v take_v out_o to_o wait_v on_o the_o consul_n and_o be_v call_v extraordinary_n who_o according_o i_o have_v quarter_v in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o camp_n near_o the_o consul_n their_o horse_n at_o first_o be_v six_o hundred_o for_o every_o legion_n whereof_o two_o hundred_o be_v lodge_v in_o the_o upper_a part_n we_o have_v but_o four_o hundred_o to_o quarter_n in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o camp_n these_o being_n by_o one_o three_o strong_a than_o the_o roman_a cavalry_n have_v of_o ground_n a_o lodge_v horse_n of_o the_o ally_n first_o legion_n lodge_v three_o more_o in_o breadth_n allow_v but_o alike_o length_n the_o quarter_n then_o for_o the_o horse_n of_o the_o first_o legion_n of_o the_o ally_n be_v a_o thousand_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o 13â—½_n foot_n in_o breadth_n which_o contain_v they_o well_o enough_o this_o quarter_n be_v equal_o divide_v into_o ten_o part_n for_o ten_o troop_n each_o consist_v of_o forty_o rider_n upon_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o these_o horse_n be_v quarter_v the_o foot_n of_o the_o ally_n first_o legion_n remember_v every_o one_o of_o their_o legion_n at_o their_o first_o come_v forth_o be_v three_o thousand_o heavy_a arm_v as_o the_o roman_n be_v but_o the_o five_o part_n of_o that_o number_n to_o wit_n six_o hundred_o be_v take_v away_o by_o the_o consul_n and_o lodge_v beside_o he_o we_o have_v now_o but_o two_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o to_o quarter_n for_o who_o as_o much_o ground_n be_v allow_v as_o to_o both_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o hastati_fw-la as_o to_o the_o breadth_n so_o they_o have_v a_o thousand_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o two_o hundred_o in_o breadth_n multiply_v the_o one_o by_o the_o row_n and_o their_o foot_n all_o in_o one_o row_n other_o the_o product_n be_v two_o hundred_o thousand_o foot_n which_o superficial_a measure_n of_o ground_n contain_v they_o well_o enough_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o of_o a_o oversight_n i_o have_v observe_v in_o my_o lord_n preissack_n roman_a castrametation_n which_o be_v that_o he_o allow_v to_o the_o ally_n foot_n as_o much_o ground_n as_o i_o have_v do_v now_o but_o no_o more_o ground_n to_o their_o horse_n than_o to_o the_o roman_a cavalry_n which_o be_v not_o fair_a be_v the_o one_o be_v strong_a by_o one_o three_o than_o the_o other_o it_o be_v of_o little_a or_o no_o consequence_n to_o we_o to_o know_v nor_o be_v it_o worth_a our_o curiosity_n whether_o the_o ally_n quarter_v their_o foot_n by_o maniple_n or_o by_o cohort_n concern_v which_o lipsius_n to_o i_o seem_v to_o be_v very_o needless_o solicitous_a upon_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o ally_n foot_n be_v the_o alarm-place_n constant_o two_o hundred_o foot_n broad_a and_o next_o to_o it_o be_v the_o rampart_n we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o quarter_v the_o second_o roman_a legion_n and_o the_o second_o legion_n of_o the_o ally_n which_o be_v soon_o do_v by_o allow_v to_o every_o part_n and_o member_n of_o they_o the_o like_a quantity_n of_o ground_n for_o length_n and_o breadth_n as_o we_o do_v to_o those_o of_o the_o two_o legion_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n as_o thus_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o that_o street_n which_o i_o tell_v you_o run_v from_o the_o decuman_a to_o the_o praetorian_a port_n and_o intersect_v quarter_v the_o other_o two_o legion_n quarter_v the_o via_fw-la principalis_fw-la be_v the_o ten_o troop_n of_o horse_n belong_v to_o the_o second_o roman_a legion_n lodge_v all_o in_o a_o row_n next_o they_o the_o triarii_n upon_o their_o left_a hand_n a_o street_n fifty_o foot_n broad_a on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o which_o lodge_v the_o principes_fw-la next_o they_o the_o hastati_fw-la on_o their_o left_a hand_n another_o street_n of_o fifty_o foot_n broad_a upon_o the_o left_a hand_n whereof_o be_v quarter_v the_o horse_n of_o the_o ally_n and_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o they_o their_o foot_n on_o who_o left_a hand_n be_v the_o alarm-place_n and_o next_o to_o it_o the_o rampart_n and_o ditch_n and_o now_o we_o have_v our_o whole_a consular_a army_n very_o formal_o quarter_v in_o a_o camp_n of_o a_o aequilateral_a square_a figure_n as_o lipsâ—â—â—_n du_fw-fr prâ—issack_n and_o terduzâ—â—_n camp_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o roman_a camp_n will_v needs_o have_v it_o to_o be_v though_o hereafter_o upon_o strict_a examination_n we_o shall_v find_v it_o not_o to_o be_v exact_o so_o and_o what_o need_v the_o whole_a be_v so_o where_o all_o the_o part_n neither_o be_v or_o can_v be_v aequilateral_a in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o camp_n the_o prâ—toâ—â—â—â—_n and_o the_o tribune_n quarter_n with_o those_o of_o the_o prafecti_n of_o the_o ally_n be_v equilateral_a square_n but_o so_o be_v not_o the_o quarter_n allot_v to_o the_o quaestor_n legates_n evocati_fw-la or_o extraordinarii_fw-la in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o camp_n the_o quatter_n ordain_v for_o the_o several_a troop_n of_o horse_n and_o for_o the_o maniple_n of_o the_o roman_a hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la be_v aequilateral_a but_o so_o be_v neither_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o triarii_n nor_o of_o the_o ally_n horse_n and_o foot_n in_o the_o next_o place_n before_o i_o go_v further_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o that_o in_o this_o camp_n there_o be_v four_o port_n these_o be_v the_o praetorian_a decuman_a and_o the_o right_a hand_n principal_a port_n and_o the_o left_a hand_n principal_a port._n the_o two_o first_o be_v at_o the_o two_o end_n of_o the_o camp_n and_o the_o other_o two_o at_o the_o two_o side_n the_o first_o have_v its_o name_n because_o it_o be_v near_a the_o praetorium_n and_o out_o of_o it_o the_o consul_n march_v the_o decuman_a serve_v for_o bring_v in_o provision_n and_o â—odder_n for_o take_v beast_n out_o to_o camp_n four_o port_n in_o the_o roman_a camp_n water_n as_o also_o out_o of_o it_o be_v carry_v the_o soldier_n that_o be_v ordain_v to_o be_v punish_v from_o whence_o some_o think_v it_o have_v the_o name_n decumana_fw-la from_o the_o decimate_a soldier_n alike_o guilty_a and_o punish_v the_o ten_o but_o we_o read_v in_o livy_n thirty_o four_o book_n that_o the_o gaul_n assault_v consul_n sempronius_n his_o camp_n and_o enter_v it_o at_o the_o port_n quâ—storia_n and_o commit_v great_a slaughter_n till_o they_o be_v beat_v out_o we_o read_v also_o oâ—_n a_o port_n call_v quintana_n which_o some_o think_v be_v all_o one_o with_o that_o call_v quâ—storia_n and_o have_v this_o name_n from_o the_o quaestor_n or_o treasurer_n who_o lodge_v near_o it_o and_o the_o other_o from_o the_o street_n quintana_n near_o which_o that_o port_n be_v but_o the_o questor_n quarter_n be_v afterward_o remove_v to_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o camp_n to_o be_v near_o the_o consul_n that_o port_n be_v shut_v up_o observe_v next_o that_o in_o the_o roman_a camp_n there_o be_v eight_o street_n five_o whereof_o go_v in_o the_o length_n of_o the_o camp_n from_o the_o one_o end_n of_o it_o to_o the_o other_o and_o be_v camp_n eight_o street_n in_o the_o roman_a camp_n call_v viâ—_n directâ—_n or_o direct_v and_o straight_a street_n the_o other_o three_o traverse_v or_o cross_v the_o camp_n in_o the_o breadth_n of_o it_o and_o be_v call_v viâ—_n transverse_v or_o cross_a street_n of_o the_o five_o direct_a street_n one_o divide_v the_o length_n of_o the_o camp_n equal_o into_o two_o half_n and_o on_o each_o side_n of_o it_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o lay_v the_o half_a of_o the_o consular_a army_n encamp_v between_o the_o triarii_n and_o principes_fw-la of_o the_o first_o roman_a legion_n be_v the_o second_o direct_a one_o five_o direct_a one_o street_n between_o the_o roman_a hastati_fw-la of_o the_o first_o legion_n and_o the_o ally_n first_o legion_n be_v the_o three_o direct_a street_n between_o the_o triarii_n and_o principes_fw-la of_o the_o second_o roman_a legion_n be_v the_o four_o direct_a street_n and_o between_o the_o roman_a hastati_fw-la of_o the_o second_o legion_n and_o the_o ally_n second_o legion_n be_v the_o five_o direct_a street_n all_o these_o five_o street_n be_v each_o of_o they_o fifty_o foot_n broad_a but_o all_o five_o of_o they_o street_n three_o traverse_v street_n either_o never_o have_v name_n or_o have_v lose_v they_o the_o three_o cross_a street_n traverse_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o camp_n the_o one_o of_o they_o be_v in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o camp_n and_o divide_v the_o praetorium_n from_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o extraordinary_n and_o be_v of_o one_o hundred_o foot_n broad_a and_o have_v lose_v its_o name_n the_o second_o cross_a
place_n of_o the_o depth_n that_o every_o prince_n appoint_v for_o his_o foot_n before_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o great_a gustavus_n adolphus_n for_o any_o thing_n i_o can_v ever_o learn_v foot-company_n be_v marshal_v ten_o deep_a almost_o universal_o but_o he_o marshal_v deep_a ten_o deep_a all_o his_o infantry_n in_o six_o rank_n and_o after_o he_o have_v invade_v germany_n the_o emperor_n with_o most_o of_o the_o european_a king_n and_o prince_n keep_v their_o foot_n still_o at_o ten_o deep_a but_o before_o the_o end_n of_o that_o war_n which_o he_o begin_v all_o of_o they_o follow_v his_o way_n and_o make_v the_o file_n of_o their_o foot_n to_o consist_v of_o six_o man_n except_o the_o prince_n of_o deep_a six_o deep_a orange_n who_o still_o keep_v ten_o in_o file_n i_o shall_v except_v likewise_o the_o earl_n of_o strafford_n who_o in_o his_o instruction_n for_o the_o better_a discipline_n of_o his_o army_n order_v every_o deep_a eight_o deep_a captain_n of_o foot_n to_o draw_v up_o his_o company_n eight_o deep_a in_o a_o business_n of_o this_o nature_n where_o there_o be_v difference_n a_o man_n may_v tell_v his_o opinion_n without_o affectation_n of_o singularity_n and_o therefore_o i_o suppose_v it_o will_v be_v grant_v i_o that_o the_o more_o hand_n a_o captain_n can_v bring_v to_o fight_v the_o more_o shrewd_o deep_a reason_n for_o six_o deep_a he_o will_v put_v his_o enemy_n to_o it_o provide_v still_o his_o batallion_n be_v of_o that_o strength_n as_o to_o receive_v the_o shock_n of_o a_o resolute_a impression_n and_o in_o case_n of_o the_o worst_a that_o he_o have_v reserve_v to_o come_v to_o his_o rescue_n of_o reserve_v i_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o now_o i_o be_o hopeful_a it_o will_v not_o be_v deny_v i_o but_o that_o more_o hand_n be_v bring_v to_o fight_v by_o eight_o man_n in_o a_o file_n than_o by_o ten_o and_o more_o by_o six_o man_n in_o a_o file_n than_o by_o eight_o take_v a_o second_o argument_n the_o more_o able_a you_o be_v to_o save_v yourself_o from_o be_v surround_v or_o out-winged_a by_o a_o enemy_n or_o the_o more_o able_a you_o make_v yourself_o to_o surround_v and_o out-wing_n that_o enemy_n of_o you_o the_o great_a advantage_n you_o have_v over_o he_o both_o these_o be_v do_v by_o a_o large_a front_n now_o it_o be_v undeniable_a that_o eight_o in_o file_n enlarge_v the_o front_n more_o than_o ten_o and_o six_o more_o than_o eight_o and_o consequent_o eight_o deep_a contribute_v more_o than_o ten_o and_o six_o more_o than_o eight_o for_o gain_v the_o victory_n that_o more_o hand_n be_v bring_v to_o fight_n be_v very_o soon_o instance_a first_o by_o a_o body_n deep_a the_o great_a advantage_n 1500_o musqueteer_n six_o deep_a have_v of_o 1500_o musqueteer_n ten_o deep_a of_o musqueteer_n and_o next_o by_o a_o body_n of_o pikeman_n let_v we_o suppose_v a_o body_n of_o fifteen_o hundred_o musqueteer_n marshal_v ten_o deep_a be_v to_o fight_v with_o a_o body_n of_o musqueteer_n of_o equal_a number_n that_o be_v fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a and_o that_o they_o be_v equal_o stout_a and_o experience_a and_o equal_o good_a firemen_n the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a must_v give_v fire_n by_o rank_n as_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a must_v likewise_o do_v now_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a can_v make_v no_o more_o but_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o in_o rank_n for_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o multiply_v by_o ten_o produce_v fifteen_o hundred_o but_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a make_v two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o in_o rank_n for_o two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o multiply_v by_o six_o produce_v fifteen_o hundred_o so_o that_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a at_o every_o volley_n pour_v one_o hundred_o leaden_a bullet_n more_o in_o the_o enemy_n bosom_n than_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a and_o consequent_o when_o six_o rank_n of_o both_o party_n have_v fire_v the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a have_v receive_v six_o hundred_o ball_n more_o than_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a which_o without_o all_o doubt_n have_v make_v a_o great_a many_o man_n fall_v more_o of_o the_o one_o side_n than_o the_o other_o next_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o file_n of_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a take_v just_a as_o much_o ground_n up_o in_o front_n as_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a and_o therefore_o the_o other_o hundred_o file_n of_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a may_v fall_v on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a if_o they_o be_v not_o flank_v either_o with_o pike_n or_o with_o horseman_n it_o be_v the_o like_a case_n mutatis_fw-la mutandis_fw-la between_o fifteen_o hundred_o eight_o deep_a and_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a for_o fifteen_o hundred_o eight_o deep_a will_v make_v but_o a_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o eight_o in_o rank_n for_o a_o hundred_o eighty_o eight_o multiply_v by_o eight_o produce_v fifteen_o hundred_o and_o four_o now_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a make_v two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o rank_n and_o so_o shoot_v at_o every_o volley_n sixty_o two_o bullet_n more_o than_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o eight_o deep_a make_v the_o like_a trial_n of_o two_o batallion_n of_o pike_n each_o of_o they_o fifteen_o hundred_o have_v the_o same_o advantage_n pikeman_n also_o have_v strong_a equal_o arm_v for_o the_o defensive_a and_o their_o pike_n of_o equal_a length_n the_o hundred_o file_n wherewith_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a outwing_n the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a will_v likewise_o enter_v on_o their_o side_n and_o very_o soon_o ruin_v they_o if_o they_o be_v not_o flank_v by_o their_o friend_n and_o though_o they_o be_v yet_o these_o hundred_o file_n of_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o pikeman_n six_o deep_a be_v otherwise_o idle_a may_v happy_o give_v their_o flank_n some_o work_n to_o do_v nor_o have_v the_o fifteen_o hundred_o pikeman_n ten_o deep_a any_o advantage_n of_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a in_o the_o force_n of_o the_o impression_n for_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v in_o one_o of_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o grecian_a militia_n that_o six_o rank_n of_o pikeman_n may_v either_o give_v or_o receive_v the_o charge_n abundant_o and_o therefore_o where_o pikeman_n be_v ten_o deep_a at_o their_o charge_n the_o last_o four_o rank_n shall_v keep_v their_o pike_n port_a because_o the_o present_v the_o point_n of_o they_o be_v altogether_o useless_a neither_o be_v it_o the_o apprehension_n of_o the_o weakness_n of_o his_o body_n of_o musqueteer_n draw_v up_o six_o deep_a that_o make_v the_o king_n of_o sweden_n make_v use_n of_o his_o feather_n to_o defend_v his_o musqueteer_n against_o the_o polonian_a horse_n for_o these_o feather_n may_v serve_v a_o body_n of_o firemen_n draw_v up_o ten_o deep_a as_o well_o as_o a_o body_n of_o firemen_n draw_v up_o six_o deep_a neither_o indeed_o be_v it_o the_o deepness_n of_o a_o body_n of_o musqueteer_n that_o can_v resist_v a_o resolute_a charge_n of_o horse_n it_o must_v be_v pike_n halberd_n or_o these_o feather_n or_o something_o like_o they_o nor_o do_v i_o think_v after_o the_o invention_n of_o gunpowder_n that_o ten_o deep_a be_v think_v fit_a for_o foot_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o some_o fancy_n for_o i_o have_v show_v in_o another_o deep_a reason_n for_o ten_o deep_a place_n that_o vegetius_n who_o be_v look_v on_o by_o many_o as_o the_o oracle_n of_o the_o old_a roman_a militia_n do_v make_v the_o roman_a file_n to_o consist_v of_o eleven_o man_n but_o i_o think_v it_o be_v out_o of_o this_o consideration_n that_o after_o the_o first_o rank_n have_v fire_v their_o gun_n they_o can_v not_o be_v ready_a to_o fire_n again_o till_o the_o other_o nine_o rank_n have_v all_o fire_v and_o withal_o a_o musket_n rest_n be_v take_v to_o help_v with_o so_o much_o wariness_n do_v our_o ancestor_n walk_v when_o first_o they_o make_v use_v of_o the_o new_a find_v engine_n of_o fire_n we_o read_v of_o a_o count_n of_o vaâ—dâ—mont_n who_o within_o thirty_o year_n after_o the_o invention_n of_o gunpowder_n make_v use_v of_o two_o culverines_n in_o his_o war_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o bar_n and_o by_o their_o help_n defeat_v his_o enemy_n but_o at_o every_o time_n the_o piece_n be_v discharge_v the_o count_n himself_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n for_o fear_n but_o as_o great_a câ—sar_n say_v usus_fw-la est_fw-la rerum_fw-la magister_fw-la use_v and_o custom_n overmaster_v thing_n and_o therefore_o the_o cannon_n be_v not_o now_o so_o dreadful_a as_o it_o be_v nor_o be_v the_o musket_n so_o unmanageable_a as_o it_o be_v think_v daily_a experience_n let_v we_o see_v that_o the_o first_o rank_n of_o six_o can_v fire_v make_v deep_a for_o fine_a deep_a ready_a and_o stay_v for_o the_o word_n of_o command_n before_o the_o other_o five_o
a_o regiment_n marshal_v in_o one_o division_n order_n the_o colonel_n company_n to_o draw_v up_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n next_o to_o that_o the_o major_n three_o the_o second_o captain_n fourthly_a the_o four_o captain_n five_o the_o six_o captain_n six_o the_o seven_o captain_n seventh_o the_o five_o captain_n eight_o the_o three_o captain_n ninth_o the_o old_a captain_n and_o last_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n company_n i_o know_v some_o will_v have_v the_o major_n company_n to_o be_v where_o i_o have_v place_v the_o young_a captain_n because_o they_o think_v next_o to_o the_o van_n and_o the_o rear_n the_o middle_n be_v the_o most_o honourable_a place_n but_o if_o they_o take_v heed_n they_o will_v find_v it_o be_v not_o so_o with_o a_o middle_a company_n as_o with_o a_o middle_a man_n in_o a_o file_n who_o upon_o double_v the_o front_n by_o half_a file_n become_v a_o leader_n beside_o no_o company_n can_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o regiment_n unless_o the_o regiment_n consist_v of_o odd_a company_n which_o seldom_o or_o never_o be_v practise_v for_o draw_v up_o a_o regiment_n of_o ten_o company_n in_o one_o front_n the_o six_o company_n which_o be_v account_v the_o middle_a one_o or_o the_o company_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o regiment_n be_v not_o so_o for_o it_o have_v five_o company_n on_o its_o right_a hand_n and_o but_o four_o on_o its_o left_a now_o my_o reason_n for_o it_o reason_n for_o the_o manner_n of_o it_o draw_v up_o the_o company_n in_o that_o order_n whereof_o i_o have_v speak_v be_v this_o the_o right_a hand_n or_o the_o van_n be_v the_o most_o honourable_a place_n and_o next_o to_o it_o the_o left_a hand_n or_o rear_v now_o the_o honour_n come_v from_o danger_n which_o be_v for_o most_o part_n expect_v from_o the_o van_n or_o the_o rear_n and_o hence_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o near_a a_o captain_n and_o his_o company_n be_v the_o danger_n the_o more_o honourable_a place_n they_o have_v and_o therefore_o the_o near_a they_o be_v to_o the_o van_n and_o the_o rear_n the_o more_o honourable_a place_n they_o have_v if_o then_o the_o regiment_n be_v attack_v in_o the_o van_n where_o most_o danger_n be_v expect_v the_o major_n company_n be_v by_o much_o near_o the_o danger_n when_o it_o be_v marshal_v next_o to_o the_o colonel_n than_o if_o it_o be_v draw_v up_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o regiment_n and_o consequent_o be_v in_o the_o more_o honourable_a place_n by_o this_o same_o reason_n the_o old_a captain_n be_v to_o be_v near_a the_o lieutenant-colonel_n who_o have_v the_o second_o place_n of_o honour_n for_o if_o the_o rear_n be_v attack_v the_o lieutenant_n colonel_n be_v near_a the_o danger_n and_o next_o he_o the_o first_o captain_n by_o this_o same_o rule_n of_o proportion_n the_o second_o captain_n be_v next_o to_o the_o major_n it_o be_v fit_a since_o the_o first_o captain_n have_v the_o second_o place_n of_o dignity_n in_o the_o rear_n that_o the_o second_o captain_n have_v the_o three_o place_n in_o the_o van._n and_o if_o this_o rule_n hold_v as_o i_o hope_v it_o will_v the_o three_o captain_n company_n must_v be_v draw_v up_o on_o the_o old_a captain_n right_a hand_n that_o so_o he_o may_v have_v the_o three_o place_n from_o the_o rear_n as_o the_o second_o captain_n have_v the_o three_o place_n from_o the_o van._n and_o to_o make_v short_a i_o place_v the_o four_o captain_n in_o the_o four_o place_n from_o the_o van_n and_o the_o five_o captain_n in_o the_o four_o place_n from_o the_o rear_n the_o six_o captain_n in_o the_o five_o place_n from_o the_o van_n and_o the_o seven_o and_o last_o captain_n in_o the_o five_o place_n from_o the_o rear_n now_o because_o a_o enemy_n be_v soon_o expect_v in_o the_o van_n than_o in_o the_o rear_n the_o van_n be_v more_o honourable_a than_o the_o rear_n and_o therefore_o i_o marshal_v the_o last_o captain_n in_o or_o near_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o regiment_n where_o be_v further_a from_o danger_n either_o in_o van_n or_o rear_n he_o obtain_v the_o place_n of_o least_o dignity_n for_o though_o all_o place_n be_v honourable_a yet_o some_o be_v more_o honourable_a than_o other_o i_o marshal_v then_o a_o regiment_n of_o ten_o company_n draw_v up_o in_o one_o division_n thus_o batallion_n order_n of_o a_o regiment_n in_o one_o batallion_n colonel_n major_n second_o captain_n four_o captain_n six_o captain_n seven_o captain_n five_o captain_n three_o captain_n first_o captain_n lieutenant-colonel_n the_o company_n stand_v in_o this_o order_n the_o major_n will_v have_v but_o little_a trouble_n body_n how_o to_o put_v they_o in_o one_o body_n to_o body_n they_o one_o of_o two_o way_n first_o he_o may_v command_v all_o the_o pike_n to_o advance_v twenty_o or_o twenty_o four_o pace_n and_o there_o join_v they_o then_o let_v he_o cause_v the_o musqueteer_n of_o the_o five_o company_n on_o the_o right_n to_o advance_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o pike_n and_o the_o musqueteer_n of_o the_o five_o company_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n to_o march_v up_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o pike_n and_o so_o his_o work_n be_v do_v second_o if_o he_o have_v no_o other_o ground_n than_o that_o he_o stand_v on_o he_o be_v to_o command_v the_o pikeman_n to_o march_v through_o the_o file_n of_o the_o musqueteer_n by_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n till_o they_o meet_v in_o one_o body_n in_o the_o middle_n the_o musqueteer_n be_v likewise_o order_v to_o march_v by_o both_o hand_n to_o their_o due_a distance_n so_o that_o this_o motion_n be_v a_o chorean_a countermarch_v of_o file_n this_o may_v be_v do_v with_o much_o ease_n and_o a_o few_o word_n if_o the_o major_n please_v but_o some_o have_v the_o vanity_n to_o make_v themselves_o and_o their_o soldier_n more_o business_n than_o they_o need_v by_o cry_v this_o and_o that_o ride_v here_o and_o there_o make_v work_n to_o themselves_o and_o sometime_o sport_n to_o the_o beholder_n if_o the_o major_n be_v order_v to_o marshal_v the_o regiment_n in_o two_o division_n he_o may_v do_v batallion_n to_o marshal_v a_o regiment_n of_o ten_o company_n in_o two_o batallion_n it_o thus_o the_o colonel_n company_n be_v to_o have_v the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o first_o division_n and_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n of_o the_o second_o division_n he_o ought_v to_o place_v the_o other_o company_n according_a to_o their_o dignity_n and_o these_o be_v the_o major_n company_n in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o first_o division_n and_o the_o first_o captain_n in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o second_o division_n the_o second_o captain_n next_o to_o the_o colonel_n in_o the_o first_o division_n the_o three_o captain_n next_o to_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n in_o the_o second_o division_n the_o four_o captain_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o major_a in_o the_o first_o division_n and_o the_o five_o captain_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o old_a captain_n in_o the_o second_o division_n the_o six_o captain_n next_o to_o the_o second_o captain_n in_o the_o first_o division_n and_o the_o seven_o and_o last_o captain_n next_o to_o the_o three_o captain_n in_o the_o second_o division_n the_o ten_o company_n of_o a_o regiment_n then_o draw_v up_o in_o two_o distinct_a batallion_n be_v in_o this_o order_n division_n order_n of_o ten_o company_n in_o two_o division_n first_o division_n second_o division_n colonel_n lieutenant-colonel_n second_o captain_n three_o captain_n six_o captain_n seven_o captain_n four_o captain_n five_o captain_n major_n first_o captain_n my_o reason_n for_o this_o be_v because_o the_o regiment_n be_v now_o divide_v into_o two_o body_n or_o batallion_n the_o two_o reer_n be_v next_o in_o dignity_n to_o the_o two_o vans_n and_o those_o that_o be_v near_a to_o the_o two_o reer_n be_v next_o in_o honour_n to_o those_o who_o be_v near_a to_o the_o two_o vans_n for_o this_o reason_n i_o place_v the_o six_o captain_n just_a in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o order_n reason_n for_o that_o order_n first_o division_n as_o further_a from_o danger_n of_o either_o van_n or_o rear_n of_o that_o division_n have_v two_o company_n before_o he_o and_o two_o behind_o he_o or_o two_o on_o each_o hand_n of_o he_o and_o i_o place_v the_o last_o captain_n company_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o second_o division_n as_o the_o place_n of_o least_o dignity_n and_o that_o belong_v to_o he_o all_o other_o captain_n have_v the_o precedency_n of_o he_o the_o pike_n of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o division_n be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o their_o several_a batallion_n and_o the_o musqueteer_n of_o the_o five_o company_n of_o each_o body_n equal_o divide_v on_o both_o hand_n of_o the_o several_a body_n of_o the_o pike_n which_o be_v do_v in_o that_o same_o way_n as_o when_o the_o regiment_n
be_v marshal_v in_o one_o division_n i_o know_v some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o major_n company_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o rear_n marshal_v objection_n against_o that_o way_n of_o marshal_v of_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n division_n because_o the_o three_o place_n of_o honour_n in_o the_o regiment_n belong_v to_o he_o and_o the_o colonel_n have_v the_o van_n of_o the_o first_o division_n and_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n of_o the_o second_o the_o major_n shall_v have_v the_o rear_n of_o the_o second_o division_n because_o it_o be_v the_o rear_n of_o the_o whole_a regiment_n i_o shall_v easy_o subscribe_v to_o this_o if_o it_o be_v not_o for_o two_o reason_n first_o though_o it_o be_v but_o answer_v answer_v one_o regiment_n yet_o be_v divide_v it_o shall_v be_v look_v on_o as_o two_o distinct_a body_n and_o it_o be_v more_o honourable_a to_o have_v the_o rear_n of_o the_o first_o than_o of_o the_o last_o second_o when_o a_o regiment_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n the_o major_n ought_v to_o wait_v and_o lodge_v at_o the_o quarter_n of_o that_o division_n of_o the_o regiment_n where_o the_o colonel_n be_v because_o from_o he_o he_o receive_v his_o order_n direction_n and_o the_o word_n which_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o carry_v to_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n if_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o two_o division_n be_v divide_v as_o many_o time_n they_o be_v but_o the_o old_a captain_n be_v oblige_v to_o come_v and_o receive_v they_o from_o the_o major_a at_o the_o colonel_n quarter_n the_o first_o captain_n in_o that_o case_n officiate_a as_o major_a for_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n batallion_n now_o if_o the_o major_n ought_v to_o be_v where_o the_o colonel_n be_v as_o i_o think_v he_o shall_v than_o i_o think_v the_o major_n company_n shall_v be_v where_o himself_o be_v the_o great_a gustavus_n use_v another_o way_n of_o marshal_v his_o regiment_n and_o brigade_n of_o foot_n which_o take_v altogether_o be_v not_o square_a of_o front_n yet_o all_o the_o four_o part_n or_o body_n which_o compose_v it_o be_v square_a the_o manner_n be_v this_o way_n regiment_n or_o brigade_n marshal_v a_o three_o way_n suppose_v one_o of_o his_o brigade_n to_o be_v eighteen_o hundred_o man_n as_o i_o can_v assure_v you_o he_o have_v many_o weak_a whereof_o twelve_o hundred_o be_v musqueteer_n and_o six_o hundred_o be_v pikeman_n the_o pike_n advance_v twenty_o pace_n before_o the_o two_o body_n of_o musqueteer_n who_o immediate_o join_v to_o fill_v up_o the_o void_a place_n the_o pikeman_n have_v possess_v then_o be_v the_o pike_n divide_v into_o three_o equal_a body_n two_o hundred_o to_o each_o batallion_n the_o middle_a body_n whereof_o advance_v before_o the_o other_o two_o so_o far_o that_o its_o rear_n may_v be_v about_o ten_o pace_n before_o the_o van_n of_o the_o other_o two_o the_o two_o body_n of_o pike_n that_o stay_v behind_o be_v order_v to_o open_v a_o little_a to_o both_o hand_n and_o then_o stand_v still_o all_o front_a one_o way_n to_o the_o enemy_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o place_n which_o the_o two_o hundred_o pike_n possess_v in_o the_o middle_n remain_v void_a there_o be_v two_o passage_n like_o sally-port_n between_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o advance_a body_n of_o pike_n and_o the_o two_o batallion_n that_o stay_v behind_o out_o of_o one_o whereof_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n issue_v constant_o one_o or_o two_o or_o more_o hundred_o of_o musqueteer_n who_o before_o all_o the_o three_o body_n of_o pike_n give_v incessant_o fire_n on_o the_o enemy_n and_o when_o the_o word_n or_o sign_n for_o a_o retreat_n be_v give_v they_o retire_v by_o the_o other_o passage_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n back_o to_o the_o great_a body_n of_o musqueteer_n where_o so_o many_o of_o they_o as_o come_v back_o unwounded_a be_v present_o put_v in_o rank_n and_o file_n the_o fire_n continue_v without_o intermission_n by_o musqueteer_n who_o still_o sally_v through_o the_o passage_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v 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mighty_a army_n marshal_v as_o few_o before_o it_o have_v be_v and_o i_o believe_v none_o since_o it_o be_v that_o which_o charles_n the_o five_o and_o his_o brother_n king_n ferdinand_n have_v at_o vienna_n when_o they_o look_v for_o sultan_n soliman_n the_o ground_n be_v very_o spacious_a and_o though_o their_o number_n be_v very_o great_a yet_o those_o of_o the_o turk_n be_v vienna_n how_o the_o mighty_a army_n of_o the_o emperor_n charâ—es_v the_o five_o be_v marshal_v at_o vienna_n very_o much_o beyond_o they_o and_o they_o fear_v to_o be_v out-winged_a by_o his_o numerous_a horse_n the_o order_n of_o their_o battle_n be_v to_o be_v this_o if_o they_o have_v fight_v they_o have_v sixty_o thousand_o arm_v with_o pike_n halberd_n partisan_n and_o other_o long_a staff_n these_o be_v divide_v in_o three_o great_a batallion_n each_o of_o twenty_o thousand_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n stand_v one_o of_o they_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n the_o second_o and_o the_o three_o in_o the_o middle_n there_o be_v about_o six_o or_o seven_o thousand_o harquebusier_n on_o foot_n to_o attend_v each_o of_o these_o great_a batallion_n of_o pike_n who_o be_v to_o have_v several_a little_a interval_n through_o which_o these_o harquebusier_n be_v to_o sally_n and_o fire_n incessant_o before_o the_o grand_a batallion_n till_o they_o shall_v be_v necessitate_v to_o retire_v through_o these_o same_o interval_n to_o the_o rear_n and_o then_o the_o pike_n be_v immediate_o to_o close_v and_o fill_v up_o those_o void_a place_n these_o three_o great_a batallion_n separate_v one_o from_o another_o make_v two_o great_a interval_n in_o each_o of_o which_o stand_v fifteen_o thousand_o horse_n here_o than_o you_o see_v upon_o the_o matter_n one_o of_o the_o brave_a army_n of_o christian_n that_o ever_o be_v marshal_v in_o one_o front_n without_o reserve_v only_o some_o thousand_o of_o man_n be_v order_v to_o guard_v the_o baggage_n and_o munition_n scarce_o read_v of_o before_o or_o since_o here_o you_o see_v the_o pikeman_n make_v the_o wing_n whereas_o both_o before_o and_o since_o they_o make_v the_o body_n here_o you_o see_v the_o firemen_n marshal_v behind_o and_o ordain_v to_o fally_o from_o their_o station_n and_o do_v their_o service_n in_o the_o van_n and_o then_o to_o retire_v to_o their_o place_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o ancient_a graecian_a and_o roman_a velite_n and_o not_o marshal_v on_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o pike_n and_o here_o you_o see_v the_o horse_n who_o before_o that_o time_n and_o since_o make_v the_o wing_n of_o a_o army_n make_v now_o the_o body_n of_o it_o strong_o flank_v with_o pike_n this_o be_v the_o inversion_n of_o former_a ordinance_n of_o war_n be_v then_o think_v necessary_a to_o prevent_v the_o surround_v and_o the_o impetuosity_n of_o the_o turk_n numerous_a cavalry_n army_n for_o most_o part_n now_o be_v marshal_v in_o two_o distinct_a body_n the_o vanguard_n and_o the_o arreer-guard_n which_o be_v common_o call_v battle_n and_o reserve_n but_o it_o be_v not_o only_o difficult_a but_o pure_o impossible_a for_o any_o the_o most_o experience_a general_n to_o set_v down_o any_o one_o certain_a rule_n or_o order_n whereby_o he_o may_v constant_o reserve_n battle_n and_o reserve_n keep_v one_o manner_n of_o marshal_v or_o one_o form_n of_o battle_n as_o it_o be_v call_v forma_fw-la aciei_fw-la though_o he_o can_v be_v assure_v that_o his_o regiment_n or_o brigade_n of_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n shall_v constant_o continue_v of_o one_o strength_n since_o the_o place_n situation_n house_n village_n castle_n hill_n valley_n rise_v height_n hollow_a ground_n water_n wood_n bush_n tree_n and_o marsh_n do_v occasion_n such_o alteration_n as_o make_v the_o form_n or_o mould_n of_o a_o army_n cast_v in_o one_o place_n change_v so_o much_o as_o you_o shall_v not_o know_v the_o face_n of_o it_o on_o another_o piece_n of_o ground_n perhaps_o not_o above_o one_o or_o two_o hour_n march_v from_o the_o former_a and_o in_o this_o as_o i_o say_v before_o the_o general_n be_v to_o act_v his_o part_n and_o take_v such_o advantage_n as_o he_o may_v and_o ready_o possess_v himself_o of_o such_o place_n which_o be_v in_o the_o enemy_n power_n may_v do_v he_o prejudice_v one_o of_o his_o great_a care_n in_o embattel_v will_v be_v to_o secure_v both_o his_o â—attel_n flank_n of_o a_o army_n to_o be_v well_o secure_v in_o â—attel_n flank_n which_o be_v call_v the_o right_a and_o left_a hand_n of_o his_o army_n with_o some_o river_n brook_n ditch_n dike_n or_o retrenchment_n if_o these_o can_v be_v so_o ready_o get_v than_o he_o may_v do_v it_o with_o the_o wagon_n or_o baggage_n of_o his_o army_n for_o in_o time_n of-battel_n it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a for_o a_o batallion_n or_o
left_a hand_n three_o brigade_n of_o foot_n draw_v up_o direct_o behind_o the_o three_o interval_n appoint_v to_o be_v between_o the_o four_o brigade_n in_o the_o battle_n and_o on_o their_o left_a hand_n the_o second_o brigade_n of_o horse_n draw_v up_o behind_o the_o interval_n appoint_v to_o be_v between_o the_o two_o brigade_n of_o horse_n which_o make_v the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o longitude_n of_o the_o battle_n marshal_v as_o i_o have_v say_v you_o may_v compute_v thus_o compute_v longitude_n of_o the_o battle_n compute_v the_o two_o brigade_n of_o horse_n on_o the_o right_a wing_n each_o consist_v of_o 600_o horse_n and_o consequent_o of_o 200_o leader_n both_o of_o they_o 400_o leader_n each_z whereof_o have_v three_o foot_n of_o ground_n allow_v he_o require_v 1200_o foot_n and_o the_o interval_n 600_o the_o distance_n between_o they_o and_o the_o foot_n 24_o as_o much_o you_o be_v to_o allow_v to_o the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o horse_n add_v these_o together_o you_o will_v find_v the_o aggregate_v to_o be_v 3648._o each_o brigade_n of_o foot_n consist_v of_o 1800_o man_n six_o deep_a have_v 300_o leader_n and_o so_o the_o four_o brigade_n have_v 1200_o leader_n each_o of_o these_o have_v three_o foot_n allow_v he_o inde_fw-la 3600_o foot_n so_o every_o brigade_n have_v 900_o foot_n of_o ground_n as_o much_o must_v every_o interval_n have_v now_o there_o be_v three_o interval_n and_o three_o time_n 900_o amount_n to_o 2700._o there_o must_v be_v in_o every_o brigade_n two_o interval_n each_o of_o six_o foot_n between_o the_o pike_n and_o musqueteer_n so_o 12_o foot_n in_o every_o one_o and_o in_o all_o the_o four_o 48._o add_v 48_o to_o 2700_o and_o both_o of_o they_o to_o 3600_o the_o aggregate_v be_v 6348._o so_o much_o ground_n be_v require_v for_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o battle_n add_v 6348_o to_o 3648_o which_o be_v allow_v to_o the_o horse_n the_o aggregate_v will_v be_v 9996_o which_o will_v want_v four_o foot_n of_o two_o italian_a mile_n i_o shall_v neither_o trouble_v my_o reader_n nor_o myself_o to_o compute_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o reserve_v what_o i_o have_v say_v of_o two_o way_n of_o marshal_n this_o army_n of_o 16200_o horse_n and_o foot_n be_v mean_v only_o in_o order_n to_o interval_n for_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a a_o army_n may_v be_v draw_v up_o in_o as_o many_o several_a figure_n and_o form_n as_o there_o may_v be_v general_n to_o succeed_v one_o another_o in_o the_o command_n of_o it_o between_o the_o battle_n and_o reserve_n there_o shall_v be_v as_o great_a distance_n of_o ground_n as_o a_o brigade_n of_o foot_n possess_v in_o its_o longitude_n but_o if_o the_o army_n be_v marshal_v in_o three_o body_n than_o the_o distance_n between_o battle_n and_o rearguard_n must_v be_v double_a that_o distance_n that_o be_v between_o vanguard_n and_o battle_n that_o there_o be_v room_n for_o both_o to_o rally_v this_o be_v observe_v by_o two_o late_a prince_n of_o orange_n maurice_n and_o henry_n in_o draw_v up_o their_o army_n follow_v therein_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o interval_n between_o their_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarii_n chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o woman_n and_o baggage_n belong_v to_o a_o army_n of_o the_o general_n waggonmaster_n and_o of_o his_o duty_n our_o levy_a man_n be_v arm_v pay_v exercise_v discipline_v divide_v into_o troop_n company_n regiment_n and_o brigade_n with_o officer_n belong_v to_o they_o and_o sufficient_o proyid_v with_o general_a officer_n and_o a_o train_n of_o artillery_n and_o at_o length_n marshal_v in_o order_n of_o battle_n be_v now_o ready_a to_o march_v but_o i_o be_o afraid_a the_o baggage_n will_v disturb_v they_o unless_o it_o be_v put_v in_o some_o order_n the_o great_a number_n of_o coach_n wagon_n cart_n and_o horse_n load_v with_o baggage_n the_o needless_a number_n of_o woman_n and_o boy_n who_o follow_v army_n render_v a_o march_n slow_a uneasy_a and_o troublesome_a and_o therefore_o the_o latin_n give_v impedimenta_fw-la baggage_n just_o call_v impedimenta_fw-la baggage_n the_o right_a name_n of_o impedimenta_fw-la hindrance_n but_o because_o without_o some_o baggage_n a_o army_n can_v subsist_v it_o will_v be_v his_o ear_n who_o command_v in_o chief_a to_o order_v the_o matter_n so_o that_o the_o baggage_n may_v be_v as_o inconsiderable_a and_o small_a as_o may_v be_v and_o that_o it_o march_v in_o such_o order_n that_o every_o waggonman_n carter_n and_o baggage-man_n may_v know_v his_o own_o place_n that_o so_o they_o may_v neither_o disturb_v one_o another_o nor_o yet_o hinder_v the_o march_n of_o the_o army_n the_o place_n where_o the_o baggage_n shall_v march_v be_v appoint_v according_a to_o the_o knowledge_n the_o general_n have_v of_o his_o enemy_n if_o he_o be_v in_o the_o rear_n the_o baggage_n shall_v be_v send_v before_o the_o army_n if_o he_o be_v in_o the_o van_n it_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o rear_n but_o in_o these_o place_n there_o shall_v be_v foot_n baggage_n shall_v have_v convoy_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n with_o it_o a_o convoy_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n strong_a or_o weak_a according_a as_o occasion_n seem_v to_o require_v and_o of_o convoy_n for_o baggage_n i_o shall_v say_v these_o few_o thing_n in_o general_a in_o they_o these_o horseman_n who_o be_v not_o very_o well_o mount_v may_v well_o enough_o be_v employ_v but_o no_o man_n be_v to_o be_v set_v there_o whether_o of_o foot_n or_o horse_n that_o be_v sick_a lame_a or_o wound_v for_o that_o be_v to_o betray_v both_o they_o and_o the_o baggage_n to_o a_o enemy_n when_o convoy_n be_v put_v to_o fight_v for_o defence_n of_o their_o charge_n as_o many_o time_n they_o be_v for_o the_o desire_n of_o booty_n spur_v man_n to_o desperate_a attempt_n they_o shall_v if_o convenient_o they_o can_v cast_v themselves_o within_o the_o wagon_n and_o cart_n draw_v up_o round_o for_o that_o purpose_n from_o whence_o musqueteer_n may_v do_v notable_a service_n and_o out_o of_o which_o retrenchment_n the_o horse_n may_v as_o they_o see_v occasion_n make_v handsome_a sally_n if_o they_o can_v get_v this_o do_v they_o shall_v be_v sure_a to_o put_v as_o much_o of_o the_o baggage_n or_o all_o of_o it_o if_o they_o may_v between_o they_o and_o their_o own_o army_n and_o themselves_o between_o the_o baggage_n and_o the_o enemy_n whether_o he_o fall_v out_o to_o be_v in_o the_o van_n or_o in_o the_o rear_n sometime_o if_o the_o danger_n appear_v to_o be_v both_o before_o and_o behind_o the_o baggage_n march_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o infantry_n and_o though_o some_o be_v of_o the_o opinion_n that_o the_o baggage_n shall_v still_o follow_v the_o artillery_n yet_o that_o do_v not_o nor_o can_v hold_v in_o all_o case_n and_o emergency_n the_o march_v of_o both_o army_n and_o baggage_n many_o time_n depend_v on_o contingent_n of_o which_o no_o determinate_a rule_n can_v be_v give_v the_o way_n to_o regulate_v baggage_n be_v to_o appoint_v under_o a_o severe_a penalty_n that_o no_o company_n troop_n or_o regiment_n shall_v have_v more_o wagon_n cart_n or_o baggage_n horse_n than_o such_o a_o set_a number_n already_o order_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n determine_v the_o number_n of_o wagon_n cart_n and_o baggage-horse_n shall_v be_v determine_v which_o shall_v be_v as_o few_o as_o may_v be_v with_o full_a power_n to_o the_o waggonmaster_n general_n to_o make_v all_o that_o be_v over_o that_o number_n prize_n with_o a_o absolute_a command_n to_o all_o colonel_n to_o assist_v he_o in_o case_n of_o opposition_n in_o the_o former_a discourse_n we_o have_v see_v that_o the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n to_o free_v themselves_o as_o much_o as_o be_v possible_a of_o this_o great_a embarras_n of_o baggage_n load_v their_o soldier_n like_o mule_n and_o ass_n this_o perhaps_o do_v suit_n those_o time_n better_a than_o it_o will_v do_v we_o but_o most_o of_o our_o modern_a allowance_n for_o carriage_n of_o a_o army_n baggage_n have_v be_v in_o the_o other_o extreme_a i_o shall_v instance_n four_o the_o swedish_n king_n and_o their_o general_n allow_v ten_o wagon_n to_o every_o troop_n of_o horse_n and_o two_o to_o every_o company_n of_o foot_n and_o a_o sutler_n wagon_n to_o every_o one_o of_o they_o sometime_o two_o to_o a_o troop_n of_o horse_n beside_o the_o wagon_n allow_v to_o wagon_n swedish_n allowance_n of_o wagon_n the_o field_n and_o staff-officer_n of_o regiment_n let_v we_o then_o suppose_v that_o the_o cavalry_n of_o a_o army_n consist_v of_o five_o thousand_o horse_n and_o these_o divide_v into_o a_o hundred_o troop_n and_o fifty_o horse_n in_o a_o troop_n be_v think_v fair_a in_o the_o german_a war._n these_o hundred_o troop_n have_v for_o themselves_o a_o thousand_o wagon_n and_o a_o hundred_o for_o their_o sutler_n model_n these_o hundred_o troop_n in_o
horse_n make_v the_o rearguard_n behind_o which_o at_o a_o mile_n distance_n follow_v a_o strong_a party_n of_o command_v horse_n the_o baggage_n may_v be_v in_o the_o van_n or_o the_o rear_n or_o body_n may_v be_v divide_v easy_o into_o several_a body_n if_o the_o general_n apprehend_v danger_n in_o they_o both_o it_o may_v march_v immediate_o after_o the_o train_n this_o great_a body_n may_v be_v very_o soon_o divide_v into_o either_o two_o or_o three_o several_a one_o and_o may_v march_v as_o many_o several_a way_n as_o the_o general_n please_v but_o true_o with_o submission_n to_o great_a commander_n i_o shall_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o baggage_n of_o a_o army_n shall_v never_o be_v divide_v unless_o the_o army_n itself_o divide_v if_o danger_n be_v in_o the_o van_n let_v it_o all_o stay_n in_o the_o rear_n the_o proper_a place_n of_o baggage_n if_o the_o enemy_n be_v expect_v in_o the_o rear_n post_v away_o all_o the_o baggage_n to_o march_n the_o proper_a place_n of_o 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distance_n or_o interval_n shall_v be_v keep_v between_o these_o brigade_n there_o be_v some_o who_o theoretical_o argue_v that_o the_o distance_n between_o two_o brigade_n both_o march_v in_o breast_n but_o the_o one_o behind_o the_o other_o shall_v be_v of_o as_o much_o ground_n as_o a_o brigade_n draw_v fight_v distance_n between_o brigade_n on_o a_o march_n shall_v not_o be_v so_o great_a as_o when_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v up_o in_o front_n do_v possess_v because_o say_v they_o when_o one_o brigade_n be_v draw_v up_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o a_o large_a field_n where_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v to_o be_v marshal_v the_o second_o brigade_n which_o follow_v can_v draw_v up_o in_o full_a breast_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o first_o unless_o there_o be_v such_o a_o interval_n between_o they_o on_o their_o march_n as_o that_o i_o just_a now_o tell_v you_o of_o nor_o can_v the_o three_o draw_v up_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o second_o unless_o it_o have_v that_o 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distance_n between_o the_o van_n and_o the_o rear_n that_o the_o last_o brigade_n shall_v not_o get_v up_o though_o it_o run_v which_o it_o shall_v not_o do_v to_o the_o place_n where_o it_o shall_v be_v marshal_v but_o in_o a_o very_a long_a time_n which_o you_o will_v easy_o grant_v to_o be_v true_a if_o you_o will_v with_o i_o make_v this_o computation_n we_o have_v speak_v of_o eight_o brigade_n of_o foot_n in_o this_o chapter_n to_o be_v in_o our_o army_n each_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v no_o strong_a than_o 1800_o man_n and_o therefore_o each_o of_o they_o must_v be_v 300_o in_o front_n allow_v four_o foot_n to_o every_o leader_n these_o 300_o leader_n possess_v in_o rank_n 1200_o foot_n of_o ground_n as_o much_o by_o this_o opinion_n which_o i_o combat_v must_v be_v allow_v for_o a_o interval_n between_o two_o brigade_n march_v one_o after_o another_o in_o breast_n now_o in_o eight_o brigade_n there_o be_v seven_o interval_n seven_o time_n 1200_o foot_n make_v 8400_o every_o one_o of_o the_o brigade_n possess_v in_o deepness_n 36_o foot_n multiply_v 36_o by_o 8_o which_o be_v the_o number_n of_o the_o brigade_n the_o product_n be_v 288._o add_v 288_o to_o 8400_o the_o aggregate_v be_v 8688_o foot_n so_o much_o distance_n there_o be_v from_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o first_o brigade_n of_o foot_n to_o the_o bringers-up_a of_o the_o eight_o and_o last_o take_v a_o view_n of_o our_o six_o brigade_n of_o horse_n each_o whereof_o shall_v consist_v inconvenient_a and_o find_v inconvenient_a of_o no_o more_o than_o 600_o be_v three_o deep_a each_o brigade_n have_v 200_o in_o front_n allow_v but_o three_o foot_n for_o every_o rider_n the_o front_n of_o each_o brigade_n possess_v 600_o foot_n of_o ground_n as_o much_o
hand_n of_o the_o battle_n before_o the_o battle_n begin_v there_o use_v to_o be_v fore-party_n of_o both_o horse_n and_o hope_n forlorn_a hope_n foot_n send_v out_o to_o skirmish_n these_o be_v call_v forlorn_a hope_n and_o enfans_fw-fr perdues_z those_o of_o the_o foot_n shall_v advance_v one_o hundred_o pace_n before_o the_o body_n those_o of_o the_o horse_n further_o but_o i_o find_v at_o the_o battle_n fight_v both_o at_o dreux_n and_o st._n dennis_n between_o the_o protestant_n and_o roman_a catholic_n of_o france_n none_o of_o those_o forlorn_a hope_n be_v make_v use_n of_o at_o all_o and_o as_o few_o be_v use_v at_o lutsen_n where_o gustavus_n adolphus_n lose_v his_o life_n when_o a_o enemy_n be_v marshal_v his_o army_n your_o artillery_n shall_v incessant_o enemy_n to_o advance_v on_o a_o enemy_n play_v upon_o he_o to_o hinder_v he_o all_o you_o may_v to_o order_v his_o affair_n and_o if_o your_o battle_n be_v already_o marshal_v under_o the_o shelter_n of_o your_o ordnance_n you_o shall_v advance_v and_o take_v your_o advantage_n of_o he_o before_o his_o batallion_n or_o squadron_n be_v draw_v up_o but_o in_o so_o good_a order_n that_o the_o scene_n be_v not_o change_v that_o by_o your_o precipitation_n you_o give_v not_o he_o a_o opportunity_n to_o take_v advantage_n of_o you_o your_o advance_n on_o a_o enemy_n in_o what_o posture_n soever_o he_o be_v shall_v be_v with_o a_o constant_a firm_a and_o steady_a pace_n the_o musketeer_n whether_o they_o be_v on_o the_o flank_n or_o interline_v with_o either_o the_o horse_n or_o the_o pike_n fire_v all_o the_o while_n but_o when_o you_o come_v within_o pistol-shot_n you_o shall_v double_v your_o pace_n till_o your_o pike_n close_o ser_v together_o charge_v these_o whether_o horse_n or_o foot_n who_o they_o find_v before_o they_o it_o be_v true_a the_o business_n very_o oft_o come_v not_o to_o push_v of_o pike_n but_o it_o have_v and_o may_v come_v oft_o to_o it_o and_o then_o pike-man_n be_v very_o serviceable_a if_o a_o misfortune_n fall_v out_o that_o a_o brigade_n regiment_n or_o other_o part_n of_o a_o army_n be_v beat_v or_o begin_v to_o run_v and_o quit_v the_o field_n this_o shall_v be_v conceal_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n and_o the_o soldier_n tell_v that_o the_o enemy_n in_o other_o place_n be_v beat_v and_o if_o they_o fight_v but_o a_o little_a the_o victory_n will_v be_v instant_o they_o i_o shall_v not_o speak_v here_o of_o what_o advantage_n a_o large_a front_n be_v have_v do_v it_o so_o often_o before_o but_o if_o a_o general_n perceive_v that_o the_o business_n may_v be_v quick_o decide_v rankâ—_n to_o marshal_v the_o foot_n in_o three_o rankâ—_n i_o think_v he_o shall_v double_v the_o front_n of_o his_o foot_n and_o make_v but_o three_o rank_n where_o former_o they_o be_v six_o and_o so_o be_v able_a to_o out-wing_n his_o enemy_n he_o may_v fall_v on_o his_o flank_n for_o at_o no_o extraordinary_a march_n a_o army_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o push_v of_o pike_n before_o three_o rank_n of_o musketeer_n have_v fire_v successive_o if_o they_o do_v not_o begin_v to_o fire_n till_o they_o be_v within_o distance_n less_o than_o musket-shot_a and_o after_o they_o have_v give_v their_o three_o volley_n than_o they_o may_v give_v the_o four_o which_o will_v signify_v as_o much_o if_o not_o more_o than_o all_o the_o three_o by_o kneel_v stoop_a and_o stand_v whereof_o i_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o eleven_o and_o twelve_o chapter_n when_o any_o regiment_n or_o brigade_n run_v or_o offer_v to_o quit_v the_o field_n the_o reserve_v behind_o shall_v be_v order_v immediate_o to_o advance_v and_o encounter_v the_o victorious_a enemy_n who_o will_v hardly_o be_v able_a to_o withstand_v that_o fresh_a charge_n for_o it_o may_v be_v almost_o receive_v as_o a_o maxim_n that_o a_o troop_n regiment_n or_o brigade_n infallible_a a_o good_a rule_n but_o not_o infallible_a how_o strong_a soever_o it_o be_v which_o have_v fight_v with_o and_o beat_v that_o body_n of_o equal_a number_n that_o stand_v against_o it_o may_v be_v easy_o rout_v by_o a_o troop_n regiment_n or_o brigade_n that_o have_v not_o fight_v though_o far_o inferior_a in_o number_n if_o any_o part_n of_o a_o army_n get_v the_o victory_n of_o those_o who_o stand_v against_o it_o he_o who_o command_v that_o part_n aught_o to_o send_v some_o troop_n in_o pursuit_n of_o the_o rout_v enemy_n and_o neglect_n not_o to_o fall_v on_o the_o flank_n of_o a_o enemy_n a_o great_a neglect_n with_o the_o rest_n fall_v on_o the_o flank_n of_o that_o batallion_n which_o stand_v next_o he_o and_o yet_o keep_v ground_n the_o neglect_n of_o this_o duty_n lose_v the_o famous_a general_n count_n tili_n the_o battle_n of_o leipsick_a for_o himself_o be_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o imperial_a army_n beat_v the_o duke_n of_o saxe_n and_o his_o army_n out_o of_o the_o field_n who_o tili_n hot_o pursue_v do_v not_o fall_v on_o the_o left_a flank_n of_o the_o swedish_n army_n leave_v naked_a inflance_v inflance_v by_o the_o flight_n of_o the_o saxon_n but_o at_o that_o same_o time_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n who_o be_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o his_o own_o army_n have_v rout_v count_n pappenheim_n who_o victory_n the_o do_v it_o contribute_v to_o the_o victory_n command_v the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o imperialist_n upon_o which_o that_o martial_a king_n do_v not_o fail_v to_o charge_v the_o flank_n of_o the_o imperial_a battle_n which_o be_v leave_v naked_a by_o pappenheim_n flight_n and_o this_o help_v to_o procure_v the_o victory_n to_o the_o sweed_n as_o i_o tell_v you_o in_o another_o place_n banier_n right_a wing_n be_v well_o near_o beat_v at_o woodstock_n nor_o do_v the_o reserve_n come_v so_o soon_o to_o his_o succour_n about_o that_o same_o instance_a instance_a time_n lieutenant_n general_n king_n have_v rout_v the_o right_a wing_n of_o the_o imperial_a army_n and_o with_o it_o bear_v down_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o their_o reserve_n and_o 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and_o the_o second_o batallion_n and_o seven_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o between_o the_o second_o and_o the_o three_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o but_o twelve_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o two_o foot_n my_o second_o answer_n be_v that_o at_o that_o time_n pompey_n have_v no_o mind_n to_o fight_v and_o therefore_o draw_v up_o near_o his_o camp_n that_o he_o may_v fall_v back_o to_o it_o when_o he_o please_v as_o he_o then_o do_v and_o so_o in_o marshal_n need_v not_o keep_v the_o ordinary_a custom_n of_o interval_n but_o the_o interval_n lipsius_n give_v between_o one_o maniple_n and_o another_o in_o all_o the_o three_o roman_a class_n of_o foot_n which_o be_v call_v the_o direct_a way_n or_o street_n not_o these_o transverse_a one_o whereof_o i_o have_v speak_v be_v yet_o more_o irrational_a and_o his_o examine_v lipsius_n his_o direct_a interval_n examine_v conjecture_n of_o they_o less_o obvious_a to_o sense_n as_o of_o the_o other_o he_o say_v if_o the_o velite_n be_v to_o stand_v in_o these_o interval_n they_o may_v be_v of_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o foot_n if_o not_o of_o ten_o but_o i_o say_v first_o if_o the_o velite_n stand_v there_o they_o be_v no_o interval_n at_o all_o next_o if_o they_o be_v order_v to_o stand_v between_o the_o maniple_n of_o the_o heavy_a arm_v as_o much_o of_o ground_n must_v be_v allow_v they_o as_o wherein_o they_o can_v convenient_o stand_v and_o fight_v now_o that_o can_v be_v certain_a but_o according_a to_o their_o number_n as_o suppose_v they_o twelve_o in_o front_n whether_o ten_o six_o or_o four_o deep_a it_o matter_n not_o lipsius_n must_v allow_v they_o twelve_o foot_n for_o their_o twelve_o file_n to_o stand_v on_o and_o thirty_o three_o foot_n for_o eleven_o distance_n between_o file_n and_o that_o be_v forty_o five_o foot_n where_o be_v then_o lipsius_n his_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o foot_n but_o lipsius_n know_v well_o enough_o that_o the_o