Battallions reduced out of the battels of g. and squares of men vpon the right side of euery leafe The Table of Battels in proportion of equalitie 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 36 6 3 12 0 2 0 0 0   6 5 7 1 1 1 6 1   25 5 3 8 1 1      5 5 5 0 0      16 4 3 5 1 0      4 5 3 1 1 1 4 1   9 3 3 3 0       3 5 1 4 36 4     4 2 3 1 1       2 5 0 0       2 1 0         1 0         The whole number of armed pikes The quadrate or square roote Per ranke to march by Rankes how many Remaines of rankes Maniples or partes Remaines of pikes by ranke The whole ouer plus of remaines How many to march in rankes of remaine The rankes to impale by The number of shot that impale Here endeth the Tables of Battels in proportion of equalitie or the Battels of due square of men that is how many rankes so many men by ranke or how many rankes so many files Hereafter ensueth the Tables and figures of two fold Battels called broad squares or hearst Battels with the Battallions of that kinde IN these Tables ensuing I haue set downe the order and setting of sundry Battels in proportioÌ„ of inequalitie as 2 vnto 1 that is twise so many men in front as in flanke the which sort of Battels do come to coÌ„taine neare a iust square or quadrate of ground which the battels of proportioÌ„ of equalitie that is so many meÌ„ in flank as in front doe not for they containe in ground twise and more the quantitie of ground in flanke or length that they doe in front or breadth the reason and order thereof I haue in my 3. booke in fol. 45 46 c. 50 at large declared so coÌ„tinuing shewing therein rules Arithmeticall to set all such sortes of Battels their impalement with armed pikes and diuisions into Maniples here onely contenting my selfe with setting forth the figures and Tables of the sayd Battels in proportion of inequalitie and how they are to be ordered into ranks for marching into Maniples and girdling with shot as before in the Tables of squares of meÌ„ or Battels in proportion of equalitie is at large set downe and declared And also on the left side of euery leafe is set downe the said Battels or broad squares deuided into sundry battallions of that kinde as into 3 or 5 battallions the number of which battallions in each of them contained you shall finde euermore in the first Columne of euery leafe on the right side where you find the number of your battallions there shall you see betwixt two long rules in that distinction placed in the 2 Columne how euery battallion shall be set in front flanke which is the iust square roote of euery battallion Finally I haue here before you set downe first the figure of the sayd broad square of men or Battell in proportion of inequalitie as 2 vnto 1 which commeth to containe neare the iust quadrat of ground girdled round about with 7 rankes of shot and the rest of the shot and short weapon due to this number and proportion of pikes are deuided into sundry troupes of 50 in euery troupe trouping round about the maine Battell as I haue done before in the figure of the iust square of men I haue here also desseigned in figure the said broad square or hearst Battell deuided into sundry battallions of that kinde as first into 3 battallions then into 5 battallions as in page 212 may appeare each battallion is girdled with 3 rankes of shot the rest of the shot and short weapon belonging vnto the sayd numbers may bee placed in sundry small troupes as is in the broad square trouping round about the same or as the Sergeant Maior shall otherwise thinke good or as the ground will permit or occasions offered to fight The figure of a Broad square Battell trouped round about with shot The figure of 3 Battallions reduced out of the Broade square The figure of fiue Battallions reduced out of the Broade square The Table of Broad square or twyfold Battels 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 10082 71 3 3360 2 47 1 71 1 3 1314 5 2016 3 28 2 142 2 5 2230 142 7 1440 3 20 2 142 2 7 3178 9 1120 3 15 7 497 7 9 4158 11 916 7 12 10 710 10   9800 70 3 3266 2 46 2 140 2 3 1296 5 1980 0 28 0 0 0 5 2200 140 7 1400 0 20 0 0 0 7 3136 9 1088 8 15 5 350 5 9 4104 11 890 10 12 8 560 12   9522 69 3 3174 0 46 0 0 0 3 1278 5 1904 2 27 3 207 3 5 2170 138 7 1360 2 19 5 345 5 7 3094 9 1058 0 15 3 207 3 9 4050 11 865 7 12 6 414 6 11 5038 9248 68 3 3082 2 45 1 68 1 3 12â—0 5 1849 3 27 1 68 1 5 2140 136 7 1321 1 19 3 204 3 7 3052 9 1027 0 15 1 68 1 9 3996 11 840 8 12 4 272 4   8978 67 3 2992 2 44 2 134 2 3 1242 5 1795 3 26 4 268 4 5 2110 134 7 1282 4 19 1 67 1 7 3010 9 977 5 14 8 546 8 9 3942 11 816 2 12 2 134 2   8712 66 3 2904 0 44 0 0 0 3 1224 5 1742 2 26 2 132 2 5 2080 132 7 1230 2 1â— 6 396 6 7 2968 9 968 0 14 6 396 6 9 3088 11 792 0 12 0 0 0   8450 65 3 2815 2 43 1 65 1 3 1206 5 1690 0 26 0 0 0 5 2050 130 7 1207 1 18 4 260 4 7 2926 9 938 8 14 4 260 4 9 3834 11 768 2 11 9 585 9   8192 64 3 2730 2 42 2 128 2 3 1188 5 1638 2 25 3 192 3 5 2020 128 7 1170 2 18 2 128 2 7 2884 9 910 2 14 2 128 2 9 3780 11 744 8 11 7 449 7   7938 63 3 2646 0 42 0 0 0 3 1170 5 1580 3 25 1 63 1 5 1990 126 7 1134 0 18 0 0 0 7 2842 9 882 0 14 0 0 0 9 2726 11 721 7 11 5 315 5   7688 62 3 2562 2 41 1 62 1 3 1152 5 1537 3 24 4 248 4 5 1960 124 7 1098 2 17 5 310 5 7 2800 9 854 2 13 7 434 7 9 3670 11 698 10 11 3 186 3   The Tables of Battallions reduced out of the Broad squares 1 2 3 4 2 3 4 10082 3 3362 3362 3362 3 5 1922 1922 1922 1922 2312 83 9800
him 3 foote for behind him and 1. foote of ground for his own station This being noted then must you multiplie the 71 rankes of men in front by 3 foote and they will amount vnto 213 foote and the 213 foote shall be deuided by 5 foote accounting 5 foote to a pase and the geometricall pase to conteine 2 ordinary going steps or pases of a man so will there come forth 42 pases and 3 foot By this reckening will the battell conteine 42 pases and 3 foote And now to know the length thereof in ground you shall multiplie the 70. rankes of length of the battell by 7 foote so will there come 490 foote the which 490 foote you must deuide by 5 foote which is a pase there ariseth 98 pases so doth the battell conteine in length 98 pases of ground Thus the square battell of number of men commeth to conteine more ground in length then in breadth about 2½ twise third as you haue seene in the 3 and 4 figures of the square battell of men Thus you haue vnderstood of a battell square of number of men with their armed pikes in front in traine and the two flankes which is in such order as the said battell should be framed vpon the point to fight Gent. I haue very well vnderstood the order that should be kept to know how broad and long is the battell of ground but I beseech you to shew me now the order to be obserued in the framing of the said battels so that there should neede no more but the Sergeant Maior to appoint the souldiers the order they should keepe for to frame and order the said battell with speede and in readinesse Capt. Truly your demaund is good sith that speedinesse is the proper and peculiar part of the arming of these battels To do the which you shall worke thus The armed pikes which are in the 2 flankes shall be accommodated and placed in the front and in traine of the battell as in the calculation of the 3 and 4 figure whereas there be 70. rankes at 14 men per ranke that is 7 men in ranke for the arming of euery flanke then multiplying 70 by 14 do amount 980 armed men and 980. armed men you shall deuide by 57. which is the rest of the breadth of the battell being of vnarmed pikes there resulteth 17 rankes at 57 armed men per ranke Of the which 17 rankes at 57 men by ranke there shall be adioyned 9 rankes vnto the front and 8 rankes vnto the traine of the battell with the other 9 and 8 ranks which were before of armed pikes at the front and traine So the battell shall be in length or by flancke 87 rankes at 57 men per ranke in front with 18 rankes of armed pikes at the foreward and 16 rankes of armed pikes in the reareward as in this figure following shall appeare And the 11 armed Pikes which remained at the last deuision when it shalbe time to arme the two flankes of the battell with speed then vnto one of the two flanks shall they be added which is vnto that flanke where the same shall bee found wanting Gent. Me thinks that I vnderstand sufficiently how to arme and set a battell with celeritie and speed at euerie occasion as shall be offered and also the order to be obserued in setting a battell of equalitie which is as manie men in breadth as in length but now I would gladly learne how to frame a battell of inequality which is of more men in breadth then in length Capt. Sir knowing how to frame the calculation of the proportion of equalitie that is as many men in breadth as in length of a battell it shall be verie easie for you to do that of inequalitie which is a battell more broade then long yet neuerthelesse will I giue you the instruction of the proportion of inequalitie Now put the case that you will frame a battell of proportion of inequalitie which is of more men in breadth then in length and that your number be 5000 men of armed and vnarmed Pikes as afore is sayd of the Square battell of men And put the case that you will frame this battell ⅓ times more in breadth then in length for this proportion is more vsed then any other in warres for that this is the proportion which commeth to make a battell quadrat of ground wherein most men are brought at once to fight in front And to make this battell you shall take in the table 2 and ⅓ which is in proportion as 7 to 3 and these two numbers are to be set downe for the first and second thing Now to haue the length of the battel the second number is set downe for the second thing and the number of men which you wil haue to be embattailed for the third as hereunder appeareth Then proceed as is done in framing the Square battell of men Then multiply and deuide as before is said The same order is to be obserued in euery other proportion of battels which you would make of more men in breadth then in length tearmed by some Englishmen Bastard square Brode square and Base square or by some others Twise fold Battels To worke the which now multiply 5000 the third by 3 the second and they make 15000 and this 15000 shall be deuided by 7 the first whereof the product is 2142 and 6 men remaining of which 6 make no accompt Now of 2142 extract the quadrat roote which is 46 and 26 yet remaining of which 26 make no reckening also as before is said and this 46 the roote of 2142 is the length of the battell Now the breadth or front thereof shall be found by deuiding the 5000 men by 46 the length of the battell and there will come 108 men in ranke for breadth of the battell and 32 men remaining the which 32 men shall stand out of the battell as before is said in the Square battell of men Thus shall this battell containe in flanke 46 rankes and in front 108 men per ranke as in this sixt figure will appeare And there will remaine 32 men which are not contained within the bodie of the battell The sixt figure Bode 108 men in ranke Gent. Now hauing vnderstood how to frame this battaile of proportion of inequalitie which is of more men in breadth then in length in euerie proportion with facilitie shew me how to arme the same with armed pikes Capt. To arme this battell of inequalitie that is more men in front then in flanke I wil shew you verie easily Let vs suppose to arme this battel round about the front the traine and the two sides proportionally according to the proportion that the breadth of the said battell hath vnto the length of the same which is as 7 vnto 3. Adde the said 7 vnto 3 and it is 10 so shall it be as 10 to 3. Then see in 5000 men how many be armed with
of the leafe The imbattailing of 5200 pikes armed and vnarmed short weapon 1300 muskets 3250 calliuers 3250. And of 〈◊〉 armes 400 and Launces 1000 and 600 hargulutiers with 14 field peeces In the before figured battell I haue placed and set downe the shot and short weapons belonging vnto the proportion of the said battell as here following shall particularly be declared First the battell or bodie of pikes armed vnarmed containing in number 4968 as in the figure before appeareth I haue framed in proportion of inequalitie being 2⅓ times more in breadth then in length in number of men called commonly a broad square which is in proportion as 7 to 3 which proportion couereth the due quadrate of ground as before I haue at large recited being impaled round about with 7 rankes of armed pikes at 108 men per ranke in front and 46 rankes in flanke For the furnishing of which battell with shot and short weapon in due proportion to the same I haue presupposed this course and order following after the rate to euery 100 men 40 pikes 10 halberds and short weapon 25 Muskets 25 Calliuers Which battell conteineth pikes 5200 whereof is within the body of the battell 4968 pikes halberds and short weapon 1300 Muskets 3250 Calliuers 3250 being in all 13000 men sorted and suted with weapons as appeareth and seuerally placed to fight as I suppose to most aduantage thus First the body of the battell containeth pikes 4968 armed and vnarmed being 108 in front and 46 rankes in flanke the which body is inuironed or girdled with Muskets at 5 in ranke round 1640 4 Squadrōs of Muskets at the angles of the battel at 50 per squadron 0200 30 Troupes of shot on the one flanke at 30 in a troupe amounteth 0900 30 Troupes of shot on the other flanke at 30 in a troupe amounteth 0900 17 Troupes of shot in the forlorne hope at 30 in a troupe amounteth 0510 46 Troupes of shot in the reareguarde at 30 in a troupe amounteth 1380 Summe totall of the shot bestowed about the battell 5530 More shot is bestowed about the guarde of one part of the artilliarie 0350 More shot placed in guarde of the other part of the artilliarie 0350 Finally there is shot left to guarde the munition summe 0270 Thus you see the whole number bestowed amounts 6500 Halbards and short weapon 1300 bestowed as followeth 06 Troupes short weapō mingled with the shot on the one flank at 30. 0180 06 Troupes short weapon mingled with shot on the other flanke at 30. 0180 05 Troups short weapō mingled the forlorne hope shot at 30 in tr 0. 0150 08 Troups short weapō mingled with the shot in the reareguard at 30. 0240 More short weapon with the one part of the artillerie to guard 0200 More short weapon with the other part of the artillerie 0200 Finally the rest of halbardes and short weapon are with the munition 0150 Thus also is bestowed the whole number of short weapon 1300 Finally there remained 232 pikes the which are placed in two squadrons with the rest of the halbardes and short weapon containing in each squadron 116 pikes and 200 short weapon as in their seuerall figures may appeare Aduertising moreouer that out of the body of the battell may be drawen some small number of pikes to be employed with the other pikes and halbardes at the guarde of the artillerie and munition which roome shall serue for Drummes Phiphes Chirurgians and hurt men where also is the place of the Generall if he thinke good But with this prouiso that you draw not so many pikes frō the heart of your battell that you leaue the same heartlesse To conclude The said battell is winged with 2 squadrons of men at armes at 200 in each squadron with 2 troupes of Launciers at 500 in euery troupe and with 2 troupes of hargulutiers and other shot on horsebacke at 300 horse in euery troupe And before them againe is placed 14 peeces of field ordinaunce in two parts hauing by them their guardes of shot and pikes as appeareth Thus haue you here seene in figure the embattailling and bestowing of 5200 pikes 6500 shot and 1300 short weapon and of 400 men at armes and 1000 Launciers and 600 hargoletiers imbattailled and placed and ready engaged to fight as particularly aboue appeareth Gent. Truly for mine owne part I haue litle skill to iudge but in mine opinion this seemeth wonderfull strong for one battell but me thinkes you haue framed your battell of more men in breadth then in length Capt. So it is For I haue set 108 men in breadth and 46 rankes in length the reasons thereof I shewed you before for by this meanes there commeth more hands at once to fight in front and the flankes notwithstanding sufficient strong especially hauing any aduantage by the seat which battell commeth to be an equall square of ground and a broad square of men in proportion of inequalitie as 7 is to 3 that is two times and a third of men more broad then long But for these formes of battels as they bring most hands to fight at once so are they not equally strong on each side as is the iust square of men wherefore it behoueth the leaders thereof to haue a care to the situation of the ground and to procure as neere as they can that the enemie may charge but in the front so shall they be wonderfull strong either against horse or foote And to encounter any foote enemie for no great force of enemies horse may be brought into one Ile I suppose no forme more strong then this for one onely battell Gent. Why are there vsed more battels then one in one fight Capt. Yea truly and with great reason and aduauntage were men experte and skilfull For as it is venturous to set ones fortune vpon the brunt of one sole battell so is it daungerous to frame many batallions except men be very skilfull and well practised therein by reason of the difficultie in seconding one another And againe it is rarely seene in our dayes that men come often to hand-blowes as in old time they did For now in this age the shot so employeth and busieth the field being well backed with a resolute stand of pikes that the most valiantest and skilfullest therein do commonly import the victorie or the best at the least wise before men come to many hand-blowes Gent. But your battell thus framed and engaged to fight what order take you therein then Capt. It is hard for any man to giue any direct course before the enemie bee knowen and seene For the occurants of warre bee so manifold and strange that sometimes vpon a moment the first resolutions and courses taken are to be altered as was well to be seene in our actions with the Spanyardes in anno 1588 at sea Where our first determinations and appointed orders were
your owne squadrons vpon their retrait as in folio 72 is described Gent. What quantitie of ground shall these battels and battallions require Capt. I haue sayd before that vnto euery picquier at the time of ioyning the charge is to be allowed for his station in front or breadth that is from shoulder to shoulder at the least 3 foote and for depth that is for before and after 7 foote at the least for his owne station and for the vse of this weapon And the voide spaces betwixt the battallions are to containe in breadth as much as do the battallions of the second front within the which they are to aduance and passe so is it easily to be calculated what quantity of ground such order of battels and battallions will require Moreouer it must be considered that there must be a conuenient space of ground remaine betweene the traine of the first order of battallions and the front of the second order and in like sort from the traine of the second order vnto the front of the third◠order as some 20 or 25 pases betwixt each or such as the ground will permit or occasion require Gent. What place is the generall and other chiefe commanders to keepe in these orders of fightes or are they to be on horsebacke or on foote Capt. The Lord generall is to be well mounted and the Campe-Maister Generall and Sergeant Maior Generall are to bee mounted on good geldings Andadoras and not Corradoras Whereby they may speedily passe from place to place especially the Campe-maister and Sergeant Maior generall to execute the Lord Generals commands to keepe the squadrons in order and to redresse the disordered as in such occurrants shall be requisite The Generall his place is commonly in the space vpon the front of the second order of the battallions from whence he may most conueniently send his directions and orders to do the which besides the Campe-maister and Sergeant Maior Generall his Trumpet and chiefe Drummer he is to haue attendant vpon him certaine expert gentlemen both on horsebacke and on foote The Colonels of euery foote regiment are with their companies to serue on foote being arraunged to fight their due place is the right angle of the first ranke of their squadrōs their Lieutenants in the left angle of the same ranks the Captaines and other inferiour officers in ranke also as their place requireth as more at large in their seuerall duties is declared But in case that a Colonell were in any peece of seruice with his regiment alone then is hee to employ the place and office of a Generall for the present seruice The Ensignes are to be placed in the centre or neare the center towards the formost rankes of euery battell or battallion and to stand in ranke also Finally of these 12000 pikes and short weapon there is reserued out about 1000 to serue to other purposes as to gard the artillery munition and impediments and such other peeces of seruice There is yet another order of deuiding an army into sundry small battallions or squadrons of one kind each squadron containing 100 pikes 10 in front and 10 deepe embattailed by single files of 10 men in euery file the order and manner whereof is in folio 38 42 43 particularly described Gent I pray how should a regiment or many or an army be martialled or embattailled after this maner Capt. If you wold haue all your army deuided into battallions or squadrons of that kind then are the Colonels of euery particular regiment to cause the companies of their regiment to embattel themselues vpon a sound of the drumme in such smal battallions or squadrons of 100 pikes in euery squadron 10 in front and 10 deepe as in folio 38 39 and 4 may appeare And suppose that the 24000 footmen were reparted into 20 regiments after 1200 into euery regiment of the which 1200 men there is 600 picquiers those 600 picquiers are to be embattailed into 6 small squadrons of 100 in each squadron at 10 in front and 10 deepe Being thus embattailed into sundry small squadrons of one kind they may with great facility be brought into any proportion you will as by these figures following may appeare Where you see embattailed the picquiers of three regiments seueral into their smal squadrons of 100 in each squadron at 10 in front and 10 deepe all in one front In the first figure you may behold 3 regiments embattailed into 18 small squadrons in the second figure behold the same reduced into a battell of double front or into a due square of ground which is twice so many men in front as in flanke and in the 3 figure you may see the said 3 regiments brought into a iust square of men that is as many men in breadth as in depth the order whereof is thus The first regiment being embattailed into 6 small squadrons and placed in one equall front the second regiment being embattailed in the like maner is to march vp vnto the traine of the first 6 squadrons there ioyning squadron with squadron and answering file with file After them againe is the other last 6 squadrons to march vp vnto the traine of those 6 middle squadrons and placed euen squadron with squadron and file with file so that of these three regiments there is made one body of a battell of broade front or due square of ground which is twice so many men in breadth as in depth as by the second figure may appeare Finally if you shold be occasioned to reduce the said three regiments into one grand battell of equall proportion or due square of men then place 4 of these small squadrons in one front on whose traine 4 other squadrons are to march vp and then againe 4 others and lastly the last foure squadrons so that squadron with squadron and file with file may equally answere one another as in the third figure may appeare Where of 16 of these small squadrons is framed a battell in proportion of equality which is so many men in depth as in front and there remaineth out two small squadrons the which are to serue to other purposes either for a supplie or to other seruices Thus haue you seene these three regiments embattailed and brought into sundry proportions Likewise in the same maner may a whole army be ranged and ordered by good conductors into sundry battallions and distinguished either into one two or three fronts as the iust occasions and the iudicious intendement of the good commander shall concurre and find conuenient Gent. By describing vnto vs these seuerall orders of reparting an army into sundry battallions squadrons ye haue contented vs wonderfull well it seemeth in mine opinion much aduantagious being discretly and orderly handled But how should the shot due vnto those regiments be placed and ordered Cap. The shot belonging vnto these regiments deuided into sundry battels battallions and squadrons should be reparted into
number of men vpon but also to know how to march through anie straights or passages and also to encampe an Armie giuing vnto euerie regiment of horse and foote their due quarter with their proportionall places and to know moreouer the whole compasse or circumference of such encamping as in our fift booke folio 155 c. is at large described Now therefore let vs set downe to arme a peece of ground or to know what number of men may stand vpon the same in battell array hauing first made familiar and bene well practised with his going pases to the proportion of the pase of 5 foote of measure and so that two of his going pases may make one pase of measure of 5 foote and let vs suppose that such a peece of ground doth containe in length 100 going pases which after two going pases to one pase of measure do make 50 pases of measure and is in breadth 80 going pases which are pases of measure 40 as here in this figure shall appeare And now to arme and embattell the said seate or peece of ground with pikes armed and vnarmed To do this you must first consider how many pikes armed and vnarmed will serue to arme or embattell vpon the sayd peece of ground in this sort multiply the 50 pases of length and the 40 pases of breadth by 5 foote the length of the propounded measure and there will come foorth 250 foote for the length and 200 for the breadth And now willing to make the head or front of the battell vpon the length of the sayd seate or peece of ground deuide the 250 by 3 foote which is supposed to allow to euery pikeman for his station in breadth and it produceth 83 men in ranke for breadth and 1 foote of ground remaining the which we make no account of And of the 200 foote of breadth of ground will we make the ranks in length by deuiding the said 200 by 7 foot as is set downe to giue vnto euery pikeman of the breadth for his station of ground and it produceth 28 rankes of men So to arme or embattell the sayd seate or ground it will require 28 rankes at 83 men by ranke betwixt pikes armed and vnarmed if you haue not all armed pikes the which were farre better if it might so be as in this figure here following shall appeare And now to know how many pikes will serue for this peece of ground or how many it will containe in all you must multiply the 28 rankes by 83 men and it amounteth vnto 2324 pikes armed and vnarmed the which number of pikes will serue to embattell vpon the sayd seate or peece of ground And in this sort may you worke with any other seate or peece of ground and number of men And now againe not hauing all your number of pikes with armed corslets if you would arme the sayd seate with an equall proportion of armed pikes in front flankes and rereward and suppose that in the sayd number of 2324 pikes there be 1200 armed pikes and to arme the front flankes and traine proportionally with the sayd armed pikes you shall worke in this order summe together the length and breadth of the sayd battell that is 28 with 83 and it amounteth 111. Now set downe your rule in this sort if 1 111 2 28 3 1200. And then multiplying the 28 second with 1200 third and it commeth to 33600 and this 33600 shall bee deuided by 111 prima and it produceth 302 and 78 remaining whereof 100 make noe account Nowe this 302 shall bee deducted out of 1200 and there will remaine 898 armed pikes and these 898 shall arme the front and traine of your battell and the 302 shall serue to arme the two flankes of the sayd battell and then deuiding the 302 by 28 the length or flankes of your battell and it produceth 10 men per ranke of armed pikes to arme the two sides or flankes of the which 10 there shall be 5 rankes placed on the one flanke and 5 rankes on the other flanke as in the figure in the next page appeareth And there remaineth 22 armed pikes the which 22 shall be added vnto 898 and it maketh 920 armed pikes and with these 920 armed pikes you shall arme the front and trayne of the sayd battell by deuiding the 920 by the breadth but you must first deduct the 10 men per ranke which serued to arme the two flankes out of 83 the breadth and there will remaine 73 men per ranke for the inner breadth or front of the battell now deuide the 920 armed pikes by 73 and it will come to be 12 ranks of armed pikes and 44 remaining and of these 12 ranks there shall be set 6 rankes in the front of the battell and 6 rankes in the rereward of the battell as in this figure you may perceiue And againe if with these 1200 armed pikes you would arme the one or two parts of the battell more strong then the rest and where you do most suspect the enemy and that the other part or parts shall be secure and fenced with the nature of the seate or ground then the 10 men per ranke which armed the two flankes shall be placed on the one side or flanke onely where you shall see most occasion and the like shall bee done with the 12 rankes of armed men which armed the front and trayne placing them either all in front or all in trayne as shall bee found most needful where the enemy is most to be suspected as in the figure following shall appeare And moreouer if with the sayd 1200 armed pikes you would arme the front of your battell only then deuide the 1200 pikes by 83 the number of men in front and there will come foorth to be 14 rankes of armed pikes for the front or head of the battell only as in this figure following may be seene And there remaineth 38 armed pikes the which shall be placed where the Sergeant Maior shall thinke most conuenient within the body of the battell Gent. We haue sufficiently vnderstood the order how to arme or embattell a peece of ground with pikes onely wherefore I pray shew vs now how to embattell the same seate or ground with shot or horsemen Capt. Sir to arme or imbattell a seate or peece of ground with shot or horse you must multiply the length of the sayd seate and also the breadth of the same by 5 foote putting downe as is aforesayd for the length 50 pases and for the â—readth 40 pases it produceth for the length 250 foote for the breadth 200 foote And now to know how many ranks and how many shot per ranke will serue for this ground you shall deuide the 250 and also the 200 foote by 4 foote as before is said to allow for euery hargubuzier his station of ground 4 foote for length and 4 foote for breadth Then reparting 250
foote by 4 it produceth 50 not reckening the ouerplus and willing to make the head of front or your battell vpon the longest breadth or part of the seate of ground your front will come to containe 62 shot in front and 50 rankes in flanke as here in the figure following may appeare And now to know how many shot this peece of ground shall containe in this sort multiply the 50 rankes by 62 shot and it maketh 3100 shot which 100 shot serueth to arme the sayd peece of ground as appeareth And againe the like is to be done if you would embattell the sayd seate or ground with troupes of horsemen hauing first reduced the length and breadth of the sayd seate or ground into feete as before I haue declared and this aforesaid seate containeth 250 foote in length and 200 foote in bredth And now if you will set the front of your horse battell vpon the length of the sayd ground which is 250 foote then deuide the 250 by 5 foote of breadth as before is sayd to allow for euery horse his station in breadth of ground 5 foote and it produceth 50 horses in ranke and then to know how many rankes they will bee deuide the 20 foote by 10 foote as aboue is allowed for the length in ground of euery horse his station or roome and it produceth 20 rankes at 50 horsemen per ranke as in the figure following shall appeare And finally to know how many horsemen after the former calculation will serue to imbattell vpon the sayd seate of ground you shall multiply the 50 horse by 20 rankes they will make 1000 horse and the sayd 1000 horse will ariue or imbattel the sayd plat or peece of ground at 20 rankes and 50 horse per ranke And in the like sort may any other peece of ground bee after this maner imbattelled or armed with either pikes shot or horse And to conclude hauing these rules perfectly in memory and being well practised with your going pases you may imbattell any number of men according to the seate or ground with either foote or horse or with both as occasion shall serue and the quality of fight require And thus I thinke I haue satisfied your requestes and aunswered your demaunds Gent. Truly so you haue to our great contentation and good instructions and to your great trauell and paines for the which wee rest greatly beholding and much bound vnto you but if I remember my selfe well you haue ouer passed some orders of imbattailings whereof you made some mention before as the Diamant the Wedge the Sheeres and Saw battels and also of the Snayle forme the S D or G battels Capt. I haue abstained to speake much of these sorts of battels because I suppose them to be battels of small force for any maine fight especially as our wars are now conducted And for the Diamant the Wedge the Sheeres and Saw battels I haue sayd sufficiently of them already in my third booke folio 77 78 79 and so continuing supposing these before set downe sufficient And if occasion fall out for the vse of the others the very Nouices in military profession do know that without any difficulty at all they may easily be framed and that suddainely out of the very order of marching But in the others you may behold how with skilfull and orderly practise the benefit of this readinesse shall quickly distinguish and manifest vnto vs the parts incident vnto a right perfect souldier which for 3 principall reasons I haue the rather deemed to be amongst vs most necessarily required The one is for that the often exercise thereof inureth a souldier to such perfection as is required another is for that it is not meete the enemy should at any time stand assured in what order we will fight to the ende that he should not reape such aduantage from vs as to frame a battell correspondent to any of our certaine proportions and the third is that according to the ground straights or passages we may reduce our battell or battallions to the conuenient proportion thereof Gent. These in mine opinion are good considerations and reasons but yet good Captaine ere you conclude all let vs vnderstand of you what orders are obserued in Cytadels Castles and Forts of defence hauing garrisons in the same Capt. What I haue seene obserued in places of strength in other countries I will shew you in our next Dialogue following The Election charge office and dutie of a Castellano or Captaine of a Citadell Castell Fortresse or fortified towne or any other such place of defence THE THIRD DIALOGVE VVherein is set foorth the parts to be required in a Captaine of a Castell his loyalty duty and charge his care in time conuenient for all necessaries and munitions the duty of the souldiers in the defence therof the order in setting the watch and placing the Sentinels with relieuing of the same with the shutting in of the gates and their opening againe Captaine THe guard and keeping of Citadels Castels Fortresses strong Townes and Fortes are or ought to be bestowed vpon such personages whose vertue valour experience wisdome constancy and aboue all loyaltie shall merite and best befit the same And therefore in mine opinion the guard and custody of such places ought to be bestowed and incommended vpon such Captaines and old seruitors as haue in martiall affaires and actions spent the greatest part of their time and whose vertue valour magnanimitie resolution and as I sayd aboue all loyalty hath in all the courses of their military life bin well proued shewed and made manifest to the world Gent. Truly in mine opinion it should bee so indeede but yet we see that in our age such choyses are not so made but rather fauour and affection commonly carieth all to the preiudice no doubt of many approued old souldiers and men best befitting the place Capt. Well how they are bestowed and incommended I haue not now to speake but how in mine opinion they should be and vpon what sort of men I haue already sayd which would be no small encouragement vnto all braue minded men which follow warres to singular themselues therein seeing and knowing that their vertues valour and good cariage in seruice should in the end be regarded commended and rewarded Gent. But I pray what particular parts would you wish to be in one chosen to this charge and office Capt. First I could wish that such should be personages issuing from Gentle and Noble bloud or men whose noble actions and vertues haue enobled themselues of both the which sorts there might be many examples recited but time permitteth me not And besides the former nobility the Captaine of such a Castell or Fort ought to be loyall valiant vigilant ready resolute and experimented in all occurrants of warre whereby he might both foresee the enemies desseignes preuent their pretences and resolutely resist their attempts and to be most valiant
battell of pikes A better order to diuide your shot into troupes To girdle the staÌ„d of pikes with shot The shot in small troupes one to second an other The armed pikes once ouerthrowen the battell stands in hazard The girdling shot to discharge at 20 pasesâ—ff and not farther A particular decâ—aration of the former battell in figure The battell or body of pikes Impaled with armed pikes The sortement of the weapons Girdled with muskets Shot in troupes Halbardes and short weapons The remaines of the pikes where placed To draw some pikes out of the center of the battell Men at armes Launciers Hargulutiers Great ordinance The number of each The broad square battell bring the most hands at once to fight in front The square of ground A care to be had to the situation of ground Venturous to set al our fortune vpoÌ„ the brunt of one sole battell So is it dangerous for vnexpert men to fight in sundry battallions Men come not often to hand blowes as in old time the shot so imployeth the field Hard to ascertaine any course of fight before the enemies order be knowen seene Occurrants of warre be manifold and strange The shot on horse backe coÌ„monly begâ—n the first skirmishes At the field ordinance doe commonly begin the first puzzeling The forlorne hope to disband and hauing skirmished to retire to the flankes One troupe of shot to second an ether The squadrons of muskets when to discharge The couching of the pikes A square of pikes handled by resolute men not easie to be broken by horse Against foote to charge ouerhand Valour and skill is second meanes of victorie but God the chiefe first The duties of diligent officers in time of battell The iust square of men best allowed out of the which all other proportions may be reduced The quadrat of ground Sundry ancient formes of battels now out of vse The daunger of raw men The Diamant battell The framing thereof out of the graund square A more stronger framin of the Diamant battell Out of 2 iust squares of men is framed 2 triangles Of 2 triangles is framed a Diamant An other order yet to frame their battels A Sergeant maior ought not to be ignorant of any formes of embattailing as well ancient as moderne To what purpose these termes were first deuised The crosse battell and order thereof A declaration of these Crosse battels SpeculatioÌ„ without practise but halfe the Arte. To deuide a small power into many parts dangerous What to be a sufficient armie Into three battels Into twelue battallions Vantgard Battell Reareward Many considerations in bringing men to fight A consideration A declaration of the 9 battallions The voide spaces to what purpose Sundry charges and fresh heads A declaration of the 12 battallions The shot parted into sundry troupes The cauallery The quantity of ground for each souldiers station What commander and officers to be mounted The Generall his place The Colonels Another order to deuide an army into sundry small squadrons The maner The order An army may be framed of sundry small squadrons Of tables to be framed Euen To march an army thorough straightes Drawne into Maniples The Ensigne to be contained in the middle Maniple The shot in troupes most seruiceable The one to second another If the enemy coÌ„straine to fight in the straight them to quarter your Army To quarter the battell into sundry battallions Not to enter vnaduisedly into any straighâ—s The chiefe Commaunders of an Armie Deuided into Regiments The officers of the Regiment Deuided into Companies The officers of a Companie Sergeant Maior of a Regiment A Sergeant Maior generall A Sergeant Maior is the generall Minister of a whole Regiment His office consists in marching in imbattailing encamping The Sergeant Maior of higher degree then any ordinarie Captaine Great regard to be had in the election of this officer Skill and naturall instinct His actions are handled for the most in the view and face of the enemie The partes to be required in a Sergeant Maior To espie aduantages Not to let slip good occasions offred To kâ—â—w to frame his squadron to march with the same to bring theÌ„ to fight A squadroÌ„ what it is To be victorious or inuincible The armie bâ—st ordered and disciplined is like to be Lord of the victorie Vegetius his reasons The aduantage of practise and good discipline It is necessarie to haue â—n writing the iust number of euery companie and their sortmeÌ„t of weapons To haue alwayes an Idea in the head of sundrie formes of battels To be skilfull in Arithmetike A battell framed of sundrie Tertios by the Duke de Alua at Lisbona The Tertios of Naples Sicilia Lombardie Spanish Tertios The Sergeant Maior by want of skill much puzzeled Our warres now a dayes do consist more in surprises assaults and batteries then in main fight The difference to be iudged by the situation of the ground and occasions to fight Iust square of men â—attell in broad front What is meaÌ„t by bastard square broad square base square The rankes euen or odde importeth litle The braue conduction of the Commaunders and the resolute valour of the souldiers is the firmenesse of the battell A politicke order to be obserued in setting a battell when the souldiers be vnruly No souldier to come with his armour by peece-meale or broken An order to frame a squadroÌ„ of vnruly soulâ—iers vpon the Alarme giuen or suddenly A fine checke of vnruly souldiers The dâ—e naturall girdling with shot When and how to discharge their vollie Shot in sundrie small troupes trouping round about the battell Euery troupe to be led forth to skirmish by their Caporall Squadrons of muskets at the angles of the battell A braue retraict of Don Aluaro de Sandy made in Barbary with 4000. foote against 20000. horse An order for the safegard of shot in open campania where the enemy aboundeth in horse Declaration of the figure Great skill and care in the marching of an Army The disorders of souldiers do many times grow through remisnesse and negligence of officers What the Sergeant Maior is to do being in the open field with the army Vantgard battell and reareward To know the wayes most salliâ—bâ—e for the souldiers to march Great noise and rumor in remouing of a campe To be skilfull in the countrey where they are to march Sundry considerations To what end Examples of the Romaines at Furcas Caudinas To procure faithfull and trusty guides Hannibal deceiued To cause the drum maior to sound the recoâ—a or remouing The Captaines of footmen To assemble the companies in the place of armes and there to frame his squadrons The Sergeants of bandes what to doe To deuide the battell into Maniples if the passage be narrow The order in marching of vantgards battell and rea reward The ensignes where to be placed fittâ—st Hauing passed the straight to march vp pouldron to pouldron againe In all our actions to incline to perfection Considerations
and fore finger of his right hand and with his middle finger to measure at what length to cocke the same to fall with a proportioned length into the pan The which being done let him retire his right foote somwhat backe and stand firme vpon the same and holding fast both the musket and rest with his left hand to raise the but end of his musket from his thigh vnto his breast and to fasten the same firme and close vnto his right shoulder and brest holding fast the sayd hinder part of the stocke betwixt his right thombe and fore finger drawing downe the serre with the other three fingers and so taking due leuell to discharge Hauing performed the which let him vncocke his match clap his musket vpon his shoulder with a halfe turne and so retire trailing his rest or forke by the stringe and giuing place to others go charge again finally for other armes a reasonable short sword a meane dagger with no morion but a faire hat and feather Gent. Thus I perceiue your fiery shot haue many busie skils without knowledge of all the which it is hard to become a perfect shot Capt. True and therefore often to be practised But here let the muster-maister and trayning Captaine be well aduised not to suffer their shot to cary any bullet about them in time of their trainings and fained skirmishes for feare of danger that might thereby ensue among themselues But now and then after their training to take euery shot single and to see him charge his peece orderly with pouder and bullet as aforesaid and hauing a great but erected to that purpose the which ought to be in euery hundred or Baily-wicke to cause them to leuell and discharge at the blancke thereof orderly one after another encouraging those which do make the fairest shot Now for the Pike which the Spaniards do tearme SenÌ„ora y Reyna de las armas the Queene and mistresse of weapons The souldier which carieth the same is to bee well armed with a good corslet furnished with his gorget Morion tasses pouldrons vambraces and gauntlets also to be armed as he ought to be whatsoeuer opinion other men may hold to the contrary supposing a bare payre of Cuyrasses onely sufficient but I am of opinion that the armed Picquier ought to bee armed in all points as I haue said for defence and then to offend to be weaponed with a good Pike of ground Ashe of seuenteen or eighteen foote long at the least well and strongly headed with the cheekes three foote long or there about and for other weapon to weare a good short sword and dagger for the dagger is a weapon of great aduantage in Pell mell And if it be replied that the souldier so heauie armed is not for any great march or speedy execution I say that among well ordered Regiments there are also yet some vnarmed pikes that is without any corslet or at the most the bare cuyrats onely and morion the which the Italians do call Picche secche Now these are reserued imployed in such peeces of light seruice And the Picquier either armed or vnarmed is to be shewed and taught the carriage and vse of his pike as first to tertiar or carry the same orderly vpon his shoulder holding the same with his foure fingers vpon the vpper part of the staffe his thombe vnder the staffe neare vnto his shoulder basing downe the blunt end thereof to aduaunce the point and poizing the pike with an equall poize vpon his thombe and shoulder alwayes in march keeping the lower end of his pike on the one side of his foremans legge still aduertising that in march the pike is to be carried vpon the right shoulder of euery souldier throughout euery file sauing the vtmost file on the left side of the arrayes or ordinances which are to carry their pikes vpon their left shoulders onely alwayes regarding how those of the foremost rankes doe carry their weapon the rest to do the same throughout euery ranke and file following for order and forme do require the same Next hee is to be taught how to plant his pike on the ground at any stand or Alto then how to arbolare or aduaunce his pike that is to reare his pike vpright against his right shoulder and with his right hand stretched downe vnto his thigh to hold the same neare vnto the but-end betwixt his foure fingers and his thombe stretching his forefinger downeward vnto the but-end of his pike and so aduaunce the same vpright high against his right shoulder resting and staying the same with his right hand against his right thigh and knee as before is sayd Now this is to be done at such times as being brought into a Ring and serreyng close shoulder to shoulder then to aduaunce their piks in this sort at the enclosing thereof so to continue vntill they fall out of the ring againe into a larger march Also the same is vsed by some at their arriuing vnto the corps de guard at the setting of the watch before their chief Commander or officer euen as the first ranke shall arriue into the corps de guard some ten or twelue pases from the place of their stand to arbolare their pikes and so rancke after ranck carrying them in the same order vntill they come vnto their place of station there to make Alto and to plant their pikes vpon the ground as the squadron is formed But principally the souldiers marching in squadron and vpon point to come to the push of the pike with their foote enemy then are they first to aduaunce their pikes as is said bearing the same orderly with the right hand against the right thigh and the left hand aboue neare about the shoulder and so to charge vpon the left hand and push standing firme and sure vpon the left foote But if the squadron be charged with any troupes of the enemies horse then must the Picquiers cowch their pikes fast vnder the right foote holding the same 〈…〉 the left hand and bow downe the point thereof against the breast of the horâ—e hauing his right hand ready to draw his sword if occasion shall be offered Now how necessary and auayleable this continuall vse and practise is may easily be gathered from the sundry victories of the auncient Romanes Who both in their Campes and Garrisons had their Tesserarios which were as our Sergeant Maiors to ensigne and teach their people of warre the vse and managing of their armes at all idle and vacant times The old souldier sometimes once in a day and the Tirones which we terme Bisognios or new souldiers twise in the day or as occasion serued so were their people alwayes ready and perfect And againe they did not onely practise them in the knowledge of their weapons but many times also did conduct their Companies for their recreation
the front and so bee ready with double hands either to receiue or giue the charge For those battels of square of ground or battels of double fronts do bring many hands to fight at once being verie aduantagious for footmen against footmen as reason and experience proueth and sheweth And againe if you draw or diuide your battell or battallions into maniples to march through straights or narrow passages this order of doubling the files is verie ready and auaileable as thus If your battel or squadron be of 5184 pikes whose square roote is 72 now your passage will permit but 8 men to march in front then must you diuide your square root 72 by 8 so commeth it to be 9 maniples of 8 men in rank or breadth And say yet againe that the straight or passage doth fall yet more narrow or straighten lesse then to containe 8 men in front thē cause euery maniple at the verie entring of the straight to double their files and so of 8 you shall make 4 files per maniple the which being shouldred vp close together will containe no more roome in breadth then the 8 did before And hauing passed the straight cause them to fall into their former proportion and so maniple after maniple in passing the straight Gen. But if the squadron or maniple were of od nūbers it wold not so fal out Capt. That importeth not for the od file or rank which resteth vndoubled may in passing of the straight close vp shoulder to shoulder vnto the rest obseruing their proper stations in files and if the passage will not permit that then to fall backe after the traine of their maniple hauing passed the straight to sleeue vp in file pouldron to pouldron of their fellowes and so to fall into their former proportion The like of any other od numbers may be done with very great facility Now for as much as I entend to frame both figures and tables of sundry sorts of battels and battallions in our discourse following I will at this instant bee the more briefe supposing this at this present to suffice For he which conceiueth and vnderstandeth this well may do the like with any other numbers great or small Gent. And what course do you appoint the shot belonging to those numbers of pikes to obserue in these alterations of proportion Capt. The shot appertaining vnto euerie such number may be practised in the like or semblable sort either alone by themselues or placed in two grand sleeues along by the flanks of their squadron or battallions As for example If vnto the former number of 100 pikes there were proportioned suted 100 shot calliuer and musket these would I draw out into 5 per rank which would make 20 ranks Those 20 ranks would I cut off or deuide in the middest so should I haue 10 ranks for to sleeue the one flanke of the battallion and 10 ranks for the other flanke at 5 men per ranke or 5 files in euery ranke which is all one These 2 sleeues being placed may be doubled with the pikes by ranke or file for practise sake only But if you were engaged to fight with the enemie I would wish all great sleeues of shot to be deuided into many small troupes the one still to second another as hereafter shall be declared shewed And lo here another order the 2 grand sleeues being al musketiers as the battell or battalliō doth aduance march on toward the enemy comming once within reach of the musket then the first ranks of these sleeues of muskets many discharge in marching in this sort The first ranks stepping some two or three paces forward there those of the right sleeue to step one halfe pace toward the right hād those of the left sleeue one half pase toward the left hand hauing in the meane space made themselues ready and cocked their matches then with readinesse expedition all those of thē first ranks their muskets being vpon their rests or forks to discharge at once and keep their station charge againe permitting other rankes to proceed before them Then presently those of the second ranke to step vp iust before the first rank as the battell or battallion marcheth and so to discharge as their former fellowes had done before then the 3. rank before the 2. the 4. before the 3. and so all the other ranks consequently with this kind of double march and at the traine of the last rank those of the first to follow vp againe and so consequently the rest But if it chance their squadron of pikes to be distressed forced to retire they are to discharge at the enemy retiring backe vpon a countermarch as these figures following shal plainlie denote vnto you the maner and order The First Figure The second Figure with the Muskets discharging in marchings The third Figure vpon the retrait the shot discharging vpon a Counter-march There is yet another order of discharging of troupes of Muskets in vollie the which I haue seene vsed by the Italian and Spaniard thus Your Musketiers being deuided into sundrie troupes of 30 40 or 50 in a troupe the one to second the other then the two first troupes standing vpon the two angles of your squadron or battell may bee drawne vp by two officers by three foure or fiue at the most in a ranke and the said officers being at a sufficient distance to discharge shall cause the Musketiers to close somewhat neere shoulder to shoulder and so wheeling them about in figure of a halfe Moone shall at their due semi-circle or halfe compasse cause the Musketiers to make Alto and clapping their muskets on their rests close one by an others shoulder and each one hauing a care to his forefellowes they shall at one instant discharge altogether at one vollie vpon the enemy and so retire giuing place to other troupes the maner and forme whereof shall by these figures following appeare Troupes or squadras of muskets at 50. per troupe 5. in ranke Gent. Your calliuers or small shot would you haue them to discharge in these maners and orders before spoken of and figured Capt. No but I would with the calliuers or small shot to be deuided into sundry small troupes of 20 30 40 or 50 in a troupe and by their seuerall officers to be led vp and to skirmish in single file discharging readily one after another in file and so wheeling about vpon the left hand to retire giuing place vnto others to second them and to fall into their forme of troupe againe and then recharging aduisedly to be ready to come vp to second others as their turne commeth of which maner of small troupes shall often in our discourses following be denoted and shewed Now to conclude these orders of training I will set downe one point more to be obserued by one single company or two or three companies ioyntly comming into the Corps de
the battell in Diamant proportioÌ„ of the Triangle of the Sheeres battell and Saw battell of the Crosse battell battell coÌ„pounded of many battallioÌ„s vnto the which I referre me onely hereafter will I set down the figure Tables of all or the most of these the order to be obserued in the same as I will at the beginning of euery Table declare but first I will shew you the declaration of euery Columne of the Tables as here is described A declaration of the vse of the Columnes and numbers expressed in the Tables following 1 The number of 1 in the first columne containeth therein the number of the armed pikes of the grand battell of men 2 The number of 2 ouer the second columne containeth in that part the due number of the square roote of the battell 3 The number of 3 in the third columne hath in it the order of marching as the ground will permit be it by 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 or 17 in ranke 4 The number of 4 containeth in that columne the number of rankes either by 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 or 17 men in a ranke 5 The number of 5 hath in that columne the remainders of that which maketh not vp a iust number of rankes 6 The number of 6 sheweth in that columne the number of the Maniples or parts of each battell whether they march by 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 or 17 in a ranke the which marching vp shoulder to shoulder do make the square battell of men with the ensignes in the middle Maniple or part 7 The number of 7 in the seuenth columne signifieth the surplussage of armed pikes that maketh not a iust Maniple 8 The number of 8 in the eight columne denoteth the whole ouerplus of the armed pikes that make not vp a full Maniple 9 The number of 9 in that columne sheweth how many shall march in a ranke of the ouer plus that made not vp a iust Maniple or part which so marching vp shoulder to shoulder with the rest of the Maniples or parts maketh vp the iust square of men 10 The number of 10 in that columne sheweth how to girdle or impale your battell with shot whether it be by 3 5 7 or 9. which is sufficient to girdle any battell 11 The number of 11 carrieth in that columne what number of shot euery kinde of imbattelling or girdling will occupie in each seuerall battell whether the same be by 3 5 7 or 9 in ranke of shot A declaration of the Tables of the Battallions 1 The nuÌ„ber of 1 in the first columne signifieth the whole nuÌ„ber of the grand battell 2 The number of 2 hath in that collumne the diuision be it by 3 5 or 7. 3 The nuÌ„ber of 3 hath in that columne the nuÌ„ber contained in euery seuerall battallioÌ„ 4 The number of 4 hath in that columne the remaines or ouerplus The figure of the square battell of men In this figure of a square battell of men there is contained 10000 armed Pikes at 100 rankes and 100 men by ranke girdled round about with seuen rankes of shot The rest of the shot and short weapon are bestowed in 165 small troupes containing 50 in euerie troupe trouping round about the battell so shadowing the same and readie for skirmish on what part soeuer the enemie should offer fight the rest of the shot and short weapon with some pikes are for the guard of the Artillerie and Munition The figure of the grand square of 10000 Pikes deuided into 3 battallions The figure of the grand square reduced into 5 Battallions The figure of the 7 Battallions reduced out of the grand square of men The Tables of Battels in proportion of equalitie as is 1 to 1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 10000 100 3 3333 1 33 1 100 1 3 1236 5 2000 0 20 0 0 0 5 2100 7 1428 4 14 2 200 2 7 2996 9 1111 1 11 1 100 1 9 3924 100 11 909 1 9 1 100 1   13 768 1 7 9 900 9   15 666 10 6 10 1000 10   17 588 1 5 15 1500 5   9801 99 3 3267 0 33 0 0 0 3 1224 5 1960 4 19 4 396 4 5 20â—0 7 1400 1 14 1 99 1 7 2968 9 1089 0 19 0 0 0 9 3888 99 11 891 0 9 0 0 0   13 752 12 7 8 792 8   15 653 6 6 9 891 9   17 576 9 5 14 1384 14   9604 98 3 3201 1 32 2 196 2 3 1212 5 1920 4 19 3 294 3 5 2060 7 1372 0 14 0 0 0 7 2940 9 1063 1 10 8 784 8 9 3852 98 11 873 1 8 10 986 10   13 738 10 7 7 866 7   15 640 4 6 8 784 8   17 564 0 5 13 1274 13   9409 97 3 3136 1 32 1 97 1 3 1200 5 1881 4 19 2 194 2 5 2040 7 1344 1 13 6 582 6 7 2912 9 1045 4 10 7 679 7 9 3816 97 11 855 4 8 9 873 9   13 723 10 7 6 502 6   15 627 4 6 7 699 7   17 553 8 5 12 1164 12   9216 96 3 3072 0 32 0 0 0 3 1180 5 1843 1 19 1 96 1 5 2020 7 1316 4 13 5 480 5 7 2884 9 1024 0 10 6 576 6 9 2780 96 11 837 9 8 8 768 8   13 708 12 7 5 580 5   15 614 6 6 6 576 6   17 542 2 5 11 1057 11   9025 95 3 3008 1 31 2 190 2 3 1176 5 1801 0 19 0 0 0 5 2000 7 1289 2 13 4 3â—0 4 7 2756 9 1002 7 10 5 475 5 9 3744 95 11 824 5 8 7 665 7   13 694 3 7 4 380 4   15 601 10 6 5 475 5   17 530 15 5 10 950 10   Number of pikes to be imbattailled The quadrate roote To march in ranke Rankes how many Remainder of men Maniples of pikes Rankes of remainder The whole ouerplus of pikes after the Manip How many pikes in ranke to march vp Number of shot to impale The whole number of shot that do impale The Table of Battallions of the grand square of men 1 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 10000 3 3481 3249 3299 21 5 2340 2025 1936 1936 1764 35 7 1444 1444 1444 1444 1444 1369 1369 0 9801 3 3600 3600 2601 0 5 2500 2500 1600 1600 1600 1 7 2025 2025 1296 1296 1296 961 900 2 9604 3 3249 3136 3136 83 5 2025 2025 1849 1849 1849 7 7 1369 1369 1369 1369 1369 1369 1369 17 9409 3 3136 3136 3136 1 5 1936 1936 1849 1849 1849  7 1369 1369 1369 1369 1296 1296 1296 45 9216 3 3249 3249 2704 14 5 2116 2116 2116 1444 1444 10 7 1369 1369 1369 1296 1296 1296 1296 25 9025 3
To grudge at a good action signe of a beastly mind A miserable minde Good courses Pike and musket the most weapon in the field Bowes and billes yet seruiceable in some sort An order for powder match for training dayes A great care to be had for the generall store Want of necessaries in time of seruice hath hindred greâ—t actions Whom to bee chosen for a Captain of footbands The parts to be desired in a Captaine Disorderly shall he gouerne in warres who was neuer skilful in the arte The captains care in the election of his officers Similis similem sibi quaerit The due sorting of weapons The aduantage of musket Skill obedieÌ„ce Practise maketh perfect Necessary officers to a band of three hundred men The Ensigne to be incommended to the Ensigne-bearer The Captains Squadron No blemish vnto any Gentleman to serue as a common souldier in the Captaines squadron Aduantaged in Payes To instruct and procure his soldiers to the feare of God To appease debates To reprehend punâ—sh dish nest liuers Few bâ—d do corrupt a number of good To exercise them often to their Armes Different nations different nâ—tures To practise all military exercises The Captaine equall with his soldiers in all perill and paine To muster and traine often The order to be obserued in trayning Men ready for action to great importance Great care to keep aray in marching Disorderly behauior of â—ad souldiers breedeth many mischiefes Disorders to be punished The tolleratioÌ„ of euils breedes many inconuenieÌ„ces What weapon the Captaine is to vse Vnsoldiarly trick of a training captaine The captaine being set to defende any place what he is to do Commanded to any peece of seruice what he is to do To attempt nothing inconsiderate and rash To obserue the orders giuen by his commander To be a good Oratour and to what purpose A captaine not to be ouer couetous but carefull for his souldiers To take the word Carefull to visite the Sentinels To be prouided of lights for the night time To be obedient diligent about his superâ—our commandâ—rs Necessarie cariage and baggage in marching But not ouer pestersome Few horses to be permitted in footbands The Captaine is most ordinarily to lodge among his souldiers Not to be ouer curious in his diet and fare Examples To entreat his souldiers with gentle words good works A good Captaine is as a father to his souldiers and they as children vnto him Souldiers louing their captains wil aduenture their liues for their common honor Discontinuance breedeth forgetfulnesse The militarie discipline of the Romanes to be followed Grauis armatura of the Romanes Velites of the Romanes and their armings The arming of those of grauis armatura A Romane armie Romane legion Cohoâ—t Centurie Maniple A legion distinguished into 3. Hastati Principes Triarij Their order of placing Velitat their places to fight Whom fittest to be chosen for souldiers Signes by the phisiognomie New souldiers to be often trained Practise breedeth readinesse Sundry companies to ioyne together 1. To march 2. To encampe 3. To fight Rules to be obserued by a carefull Captaine Militarie points to be ensigned new souldiers A good Captaine will soone make ready souldiers The art of warre better deliuered by act theÌ„ words The Harquebuzier his armings and weapons To charge To cocke the match To leuell To discharge To retire To recharge The musketier his arming and his forke weapon To charge To cocke his match To leuell To discharge To retire To recharge Aduise How to bring the bisognios fir sâ— to the bullet The piker his armings and weapon The pike of 17. or 18. foote The dagger Obiection Answer Picha seâ—cha The carrying and handling of the pike To make Alto to arbolare or aduaunce To reare When to aduaunce To present To charge To push To cowch To Couch The Romains Tesserarios their training Vertuous exercisâ—â— To march out fained skirmish Ready men aduantagious To be a good executioner must haue seene seruice To tosse the pike The halberd Ranke what it is File what it is The doubling of ranke and file By single file By maniple or many files How to double the rankâ— To fall off To double the file To turne their faces and make front of any part Doubling of ranks and files serueth to sundry purposes To passe straights Od files or ranks Shot how to be practised Example Musketiers how to discharge vpon a march How to discharge vpon a countermarch Musketiers wheeled into a halfe moone to discharge in vollie Calliuers deuided into small troupes to discharge by file The arraunging of a small company to march Order to be obserued entring into the Corps de gard The march The caâ—allery shot not contained within the body of the battell The reason why battells are framed in quadrat proportion Square of men square of ground what it is Battells consisting of armed and vnarmed pikes framed in three maner of wayes Maniple what it is Shot in troupeâ— Halberds and short weapon noâ— liked of in the body of the battell The reasons why Halberds not liked of about the colours The reasons why Daggers auailâ—able in pell mell Short weapon in a stand of pikes vnseemeliâ— Short weapon their places of best seruice Lyning of battels with shot or bowes disliked Lyning of shot in single ranke The reasons Lyning with shot in another sort more tollerable Lyning with bowes a combersome tying weapon Tables to be framed and to what end Proportinall numbers â—eâ—uinâ— to the setting of battels Proportions of equality Proportions of inequality These proportions of men and not of ground The rule to frame a square battell of men A more exquisit way to frame any square battell of men Geometricall scale foote To empale the battell with your armed pikes the rule The Romaines The proofe A rule to know what quaÌ„titie of ground any battell will require each armed mans station 3 foote in breadth 7 foote for length A rule to frame these battels with speed What to do with the remaines Rules to frame all battels in proportion of inequality or two fold battels The Rule The order how to empale with armed pikes the battels in proportioÌ„s of inequalitie The proofes The rule to know the quantitie of ground this battell conteineth The rule to accommodate this calculation with speed Where to place the remaines Repetitions of the former Out of 3 maner of marchings to frame a battell with speed The first maner The third order by marching maniple by maniple Aduertisement Fierie weapons The armed pike is the strength of the battell so is the shot the furie of the field Shot and pikes of necessitie to be coupled The one without the other of no great force The sortement of these weapons offensiue and defensiue The aduantage of musket notable ouersight of our shot in charging and discharging their peeces A redresse and easie way how to fasten the bullet How some do vse to place their shot about the
into the field there causing them to run to leape to iumpe to wrastle to throw the sledge to pitch the barre and such like exercises and sometimes also to learne to swim as a qualitie very befitting a souldier Moreouer they did many times cause their souldiers as well foote as horse to march armed at all points euen as it were to serue against their enemie once or twise in a moneth euery man carrying his owne prouision and victuals and giuing and receiuing the charge euen as in hostile fight and this did they for the space of ten miles fiue out and fiue home Thus with these exercises they brought their people to be able quicke and ready to serue vpon all occasions and did more good seruice with twentie thousand of such so trained and practised then with thirtie or fortie thousand of raw and vntrained men But to haue a souldier to be very perfect and a good executioner indeede it is needfull to haue bin in some good peeces of seruice to haue seene men to fall on both sides which doth flesh harden a souldier very much Finally the good Picquier ought to learne to tosse his pike well with the due handling of the same and to be skilfull therein sith it is the weapon he professeth for 100 of ready pikemen are better then 200 that know not the vse of the weapon Now the halbarders ought to be fully armed with a corslet as is the Picquier but in marching he is alwayes to beare the same on the right shoulder holding the lower end thereof with his right hand almost close to his right thigh and knee Gent. You haue well discoursed touching the caryage and handling of the calliuer musket pike and halbard But now I pray what meane you by doubling your ranke and file Capt. By ranke I meane euery row or order of men standing shoulder by shoulder either in march or squadron reaching a long from the one side of the squadron vnto the other And by file I vnderstand all the line order or row of all the souldiers standing consequently one after another from front to the traine either in march or squadron Now the doubling of ranke or file is thus First suppose your company to be of 100 pikes as for the shot we will speake of hereafter and you would bring them into a iust square of men first search out the Cubike roote of your number and it is 10 then after the first order you shall cause them by the sound of the drum to embattell to march vp in single files at 10 men in euery file the head man of euery 10 to be a Caporal or Cabo de Camera and as the first 10 is come vp vnto the place where you meane to frame your squadrō cause them to make Alto then cal vp the second file at 10 per file causing them to march vp close pouldron to pouldron of the first tē and there to firme stand then the third file then the fourth and so consequently the rest vntill your squadron be formed your ensigne marching vp in the middle file as in this figure may appeare Here you see them drawne vp in single files at 10 men in euery file and so your squadron is framed 10 files and 10 rankes or 10 in flanke and 10 in front An other order is thus you may march them vp in 2 3 4 or 5 files at once and 10 rankes for the number euen or od importeth nothing if at 2 files at once then are they marched vp and framed at fiue commings vp if at 3 files at once then at three marchings vp at 3 files per Maniple which make 9 files and 1 single file at 10 men per file which maketh your iust square of men Now if you will march them vp by 4 files at once they are 2 marchings or Maniples at 4 files 10 rankes and one Maniple at 2 files per Maniple and so againe is your squadron formed And againe if you would march them vp by 5 files at once and 10 rankes they come vp in 2 Maniples and so is your squadron iustly framed Your squadron being thus framed set at 10 rankes 10 files thē to double the rankes you shall cause vpon an other sound of the drum those of the second ranke to step in betwixt them of the first ranke beginning either vpon the left or right hand first as you will and the 4 ranke to double the 3 and againe the 6 ranke to double the 5 and the 8 ranke to double the 7 and finally the 10 to double the 9 so shall your battell or squadron come to be 20 in breadth and 5 in length or depth or 20 files and 5 rankes which is in forme of a battell of double front as by these figures appeareth Here you see the rankes doubled into 20 files and 5 rankes Then cause them vpon another sound of the drumme to fall of or backe againe into their former places and so to double againe vpon the other hand and fall off againe Now to double the file cause the second file to double the first either vpon the left or right hand as it shall please you to begin and the fourth file to double the third and the sixt the fift and the eight the seuenth and the tenth file to double the ninth as in these figures following may appeare And here you may see the file doubled reduced into fiue files at 20 men per file vpon the right hand the like you shal cause them to do vpon the left hand hauing first caused them to fall off from their file bringing them into their former square againe Then shall you go vnto the traine of your battell or squadron and vpon another sound of the drumme you shall command all your souldiers to turne their faces vpon a sudden towards you then causing them to double both ranke file that way as you did the other way before thus with a litle paines taking and practise you shall soone bring your souldiers to be ready and skilfull in these alterations of formes and many more The like may be done with any other greater numbers either in battels or battallion or by making the front of any flanke Gent. But to what end serueth all this Capt. Marie to many good purposes For the first order of doubling the ranks besides the readinesse it breedeth in the souldiers doth serue to alter vpon a sudden your grand square of men into a square of ground or into a battell of double front and to many other purposes in framing of many small battallions one grand square And againe the second order in doubling of the files doth serue to many such other purposes as if vpon a sudden your foot enemy shall come to charge you vpon the flanke then by doubling their files and suddenly turning their faces vpon the enemie they shall make of flanke
better vnderstand me I will go shewing the same by figures whereof this shall be the first And the 30 men which do remaine out of the body of the battell they shall be reserued for other purposes And this square battell of number of men may be done in a more shorter and readier way thus Take the quadrat roote of 5000 simply which is 70 and with this 70 deuide the 5000 men so will there come 71 for the breadth of the battel and there will remaine 30 men And thus your battell will containe 70 rankes in length and 71 men per ranke in breadth with 30 men remayning as aforesayd Now although the battell be more broade then long or more men in front then in flanke by one ranke yet is it neuerthelesse after the order of warre called a square battell of men The table drawne aforesayd for the proportion of equality that is that the battell do containe so many men in breadth as in length shall serue also to shew the order which is to bee obserued in the battels that are to be be made of more men in front then in flanke that is in proportion of inequality as hereafter I will shew you giuing you to vnderstand that all the figures shall haue their scala deuided into pases and euery geometricall pase into 5 foote of the which measure of feete I haue here vnder set downe the fourth part which is three inches for that euery foote is deuided into 12 inches to the end you may conceiue what quantity of ground euery battell of pikes would require allowing for euery mans station set in aray to fight 3 foote in front that is from pouldron to pouldron and 7 foote in flanke that is 3 foote before and 3 foote behind for the vse of his weapon and one foote for his owne station Gent By this your example you haue satisfied me wonderous well in giuing me to vnderstand how to set a battell quadrat of any number of men which is so many men in front as in flanke yet would I desire to know how to arme or impale this battell with armed pikes both front tayle and the two flankes considering that few armies haue all their pikemen furnished with corslets complete Capt. True there are few armies that haue scarse the one halfe of their pikemen armed with corslets which is a great part of the strength and beauty of the battell therefore we must seeke a course how to impale any battell with such armed pikes as they haue to do the which these rules following shall serue to impale any battell as well of proportion of inequality as of equality the foreward the reareward and the two flankes with pikes and armed corslets Now I suppose the whole number of pikes to be 5000 as well armed as vnarmed whereof there be 2000 armed pikes with corslets the sayd 2000 I will repart into two equall parts by 2 or taking the ½ of 2000 which is 1000 and with this 1000 will I impale the two flankes and with the other 1000 will I arme the front and traine of the battell Now first to arme the two flankes of the battell with 1000 armed pikes I will deuide 1000 by 70 which is the depth or flanke of the battell and the product will be 14 rankes of pikes to arme the flankes of the battell with 20 pikes of surplussage the 14 rankes shalbe halfed or deuided into halues which is 7 rankes with the which 7 rankes I will arme the one side and with the other 7 rankes the other side of the battell or more or lesse vnto any side as occasion or neede shall require as in this figure following shall appeare And the 20 armed pikes which before remained shall be added vnto the other 1000 which are to arme the front and rearegard of the battell so they are 1020 pikes armed with these 1020 armed pikes shall the front and rereward be armed thus first deduct the 14 rankes which went to arme the two flankes of 70 men in length out of 71 which is the breadth of the battell so resteth 57 rankes for the breadth with this 57 deuide the 1020 armed pikes and there will come foorth 17 rankes of armed pikes to arme the head and tayle of the battell and of these 17 rankes you shall set 9 rankes in the front and 8 rankes in the reareward with more or lesse on either as neede and cause shall require as by this 3 figure following shall appeare Thus this square battell of men commeth to be in length 70 rankes at 71 men per ranke in front with 9 rankes of armed pikes in the vaward and 8 rankes in the reareward and with 7 ranks of armed pikes at each side in length as you see And remaining 51 armed pikes out of the impalement the which you may place at the angles or corners of the vnarmed pikes as ye see in the 4 figure or where you shall thinke fittest for the defence and strength of the battell and not to leaue them out for being part of the square as you did the 30 pikes which before remained at the enlarging of so many men in ranke in the first figure The which 51 armed pikes are now placed in the angles of the battell as in the 4 figure before may appeare that is with 7 rankes at 2 men per ranke in the fore angles and 6. rankes at 2 men per ranke in the reareward angles Gent. O how it delighteth me to haue learned of you how to arme or impale a battell But now would I faine know if there be this number of men in the battell by you supposed with the 30 at first remaining Capt. To know if there be in this battell the number of 5000 men with the 30 which aduaunced at the first framing of the battell do thus multiplie the length by the breadth that is 70 by 71 men it amounteth 4970 men vnto the which adioyne the 30 which remained so will they amount vnto 5000 pikemen armed and vnarmed as before was set downe to set the said battell in the first figure which is your demaund Gent. This is verie easie but now would I faine know if they haue the proportion of equalitie Capt. That you shall know thus deuide the breadth by the length as to repart 71 by 70 the product is 1. And although that 1 do remaine of the breadth yet it is called a square battell neuerthelesse Gent. Captaine I am well satisfied in vnderstanding the proportion that a battell hath in breadth to the length but now would I gladly know how long and large is this square battell of men I meane how much ground it will occupie Capt. First you must vnderstand as I told you before that euery man martialled in battell array to fight will require in his station 3 foot of ground in breadth that is from shoulder to shoulder and 7 foote of ground for length that is 3 foot for before