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move_v down_o to_o the_o rear_n even_o in_o breast_n with_o the_o last_o rank_n if_o this_o be_v for_o service_n you_o may_v face_n they_o all_o to_o the_o rear_n if_o only_o for_o exercise_n you_o may_v reduce_v they_o as_o they_o now_o stand_v by_o command_v front_v half_a file_n face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n and_o advance_v forward_o until_o they_o be_v clear_a of_o the_o stand_a part_n than_o face_n they_o to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a inward_o and_o close_o your_o division_n 4._o command_n front_n half_a file_n double_v your_o rear_n to_o the_o 1._o right_v 2._o leave_v by_o countermarch_v to_o perform_v this_o if_o the_o command_v give_v for_o the_o left_a face_n the_o stand_a half_a file_n to_o the_o rear_n and_o the_o rest_n countermarch_v to_o the_o left_a and_o lose_a ground_n but_o if_o it_o be_v only_o for_o exercise_n you_o need_v not_o face_v the_o stand_a part_n to_o the_o rear_n at_o all_o to_o reduce_v this_o as_o be_v only_o for_o exercise_n command_v front_n 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motion_n observe_v to_o move_v that_o leg_n first_o to_o which_o the_o command_n guide_v 2._o command_n file_n to_o the_o 1._o right_n or_o 2._o left_a double_o advance_v to_o perform_v this_o if_o to_o the_o right_n command_v every_o even_a file_n from_o the_o right_n advance_v three_o step_n forward_o and_o double_a the_o odd_a to_o reduce_v this_o command_n rank_n to_o the_o left_a double_a or_o file_n as_o you_o be_v 3._o command_n file_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a double_a outward_a in_o double_v outward_a the_o outmost_a file_n of_o each_o flank_n stand_v and_o the_o even_o file_v each_o flank_n double_v the_o odd_a to_o reduce_v this_o command_n double_o your_o rank_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a inward_o or_o rank_n as_o you_o be_v 4._o command_n file_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a double_a inward_a to_o reduce_v this_o command_n double_o your_o rank_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a outward_n or_o rank_n as_o you_o be_v 5._o command_n double_o your_o rank_n to_o the_o 1._o right_a &_o 2._o leave_v 1._o outward_o advance_v 2._o inward_o this_o will_v be_v perform_v as_o in_o the_o three_o and_o four_o command_n only_o instead_o of_o fall_v behind_o their_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n man_n here_o they_o be_v to_o advance_v before_o they_o as_o in_o the_o second_o command_n 6._o command_n double_o your_o file_n to_o the_o 1._o right_a or_o 2._o left_a entire_a advance_n to_o perform_v this_o to_o the_o right_n the_o even_a file_n from_o the_o right_n advance_v so_o far_o until_o they_o be_v clear_a and_o double_a the_o odd_a file_n to_o the_o right_n to_o reduce_v this_o command_n file_n that_o double_a face_n about_o to_o the_o left_a and_o march_v forth_o into_o your_o place_n or_o front_v half_a file_n double_v your_o rear_n to_o the_o left_a or_o half_a file_n double_v your_o front_n to_o the_o right_n 7._o command_n double_o your_o file_n to_o the_o 1._o right_a or_o 2._o left_a entire_a advance_n every_o man_n place_v himself_o before_o 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the_o right_n and_o move_v to_o the_o right_n forward_a and_o double_a your_o right_a flank_n to_o reduce_v this_o command_n face_n to_o the_o left_a and_o march_v forth_o into_o your_o place_n or_o double_v your_o rank_n to_o the_o left_a entire_a you_o may_v face_v they_o at_o discretion_n i_o shall_v demonstrate_v another_o figure_n to_o the_o left_a show_v how_o it_o may_v be_v perform_v without_o mixture_n of_o arm_n etc._n etc._n 11._o command_n half_n rank_n of_o the_o right_n double_a your_o left_a flank_n to_o the_o right_n to_o perform_v this_o command_n half_n rank_n of_o the_o right_a face_n to_o the_o right_n turn_v off_o to_o the_o right_n and_o double_a your_o left_a flank_n to_o reduce_v the_o 11._o command_n rank_n double_a to_o the_o right_n entire_a every_o man_n place_v himself_o on_o the_o outside_n of_o his_o right_a hand_n man_n 12._o command_n half_n rank_n double_v your_o right_a flank_n to_o the_o right_n and_o leave_v 1._o outward_a 2._o inward_a 1._o to_o 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see_v it_o often_o use_v for_o lodging_n of_o the_o colour_n it_o be_v also_o a_o large_a interval_n for_o the_o reception_n of_o any_o honourable_a person_n some_o may_v dislike_v in_o this_o last_o inversion_n of_o rank_n file_v because_o there_o be_v a_o promiscuous_a mixture_n of_o arm_n this_o may_v be_v easy_o prevent_v by_o bring_v both_o division_n of_o musquetteer_n into_o the_o front_n of_o pike_n or_o otherwise_o upon_o a_o march_n at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o commander_n there_o yet_o remain_v divers_a word_n of_o command_n of_o rank_n file_v conversion_n vide_fw-la conversion_n by_o wheel_v your_o rank_n into_o the_o right_a flank_n or_o into_o both_o flank_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o prolixity_n of_o they_o have_v make_v i_o to_o abbreviate_v and_o be_v more_o out_o of_o curiosity_n than_o of_o necessity_n i_o have_v show_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o inversion_n both_o in_o file_n and_o rank_n and_o have_v demonstrate_v they_o by_o their_o figure_n so_o many_o as_o i_o conceive_v may_v be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o knowledge_n thereof_o many_o i_o have_v hear_v to_o use_v the_o word_n inversion_n to_o some_o of_o the_o precedent_n command_v but_o i_o think_v it_o very_o convenient_a to_o be_v leave_v out_o in_o the_o exercising_n of_o our_o rural_a militia_n it_o be_v a_o word_n not_o suitable_a to_o a_o rustic_a capacity_n and_o a_o word_n that_o may_v be_v spare_v chap._n xiii_o of_o conversion_n and_o the_o several_a part_n thereof_o conversion_n i_o have_v declare_v to_o consist_v of_o a_o rank_n or_o rank_n and_o that_o be_v perform_v either_o by_o 1._o increase_v of_o file_n rank_v by_o even_o or_o vneven_a part_n 2._o increase_n or_o decrease_v of_o file_n rank_v by_o uneven_a part_n 3._o file_n rank_v entire_a into_o the_o front_n and_o wheel_v into_o the_o same_o 4._o rank_n rank_v to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a 5._o wheel_v into_o both_o flank_n and_o of_o these_o i_o shall_v declare_v unto_o you_o as_o brief_o as_o i_o may_v that_o your_o delight_n in_o the_o true_a understanding_n of_o they_o may_v not_o be_v neglect_v by_o the_o least_o obscurity_n now_o the_o reason_n that_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v most_o with_o figure_n be_v that_o the_o young_a soldier_n may_v see_v how_o many_o command_v produce_v one_o and_o the_o same_o figure_n their_o difference_n be_v only_o in_o quality_n and_o not_o in_o quantity_n 1._o i_o shall_v begin_v with_o file_n rank_v by_o even_a part_n that_o be_v when_o they_o rank_v two_o three_o or_o four_o keep_v the_o same_o number_n in_o rank_n all_o be_v in_o a_o equal_a proportion_n and_o if_o more_o what_o be_v want_v to_o make_v up_o the_o rank_n in_o the_o command_n must_v be_v make_v good_a by_o the_o next_o rank_n 1._o command_n file_n rank_a three_o to_o the_o right_n observe_v
 _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6._o 6_o 5_o 4_o 3_o 2_o 1_o  _fw-fr 6_o 5_o 4_o 3_o 2_o 1_o 6_o 5_o 4_o 3_o 2_o 1_o to_o make_v the_o if_o upon_o a_o single_a file_n command_v 5_o 6_o 5_o 2_o 1_o 2_o  _fw-fr 5_o 6_o 1_o 6_o 1_o 2_o 5_o 6_o 1_o 6_o 1_o 2_o 4_o 3_o 1_o 6_o 4_o 3_o  _fw-fr 4_o 3_o 2_o 5_o 4_o 3_o 4_o 3_o 2_o 5_o 4_o 3_o 3_o 4_o 6_o 1_o 3_o 4_o  _fw-fr 3_o 4_o 3_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 2_o 3_o 4_o  _fw-fr 2_o 1_o 2_o 5_o 6_o 5_o  _fw-fr 2_o 1_o 6_o 1_o 6_o 5_o 2_o 1_o 6_o 1_o 6_o 5_o  _fw-fr 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6_o  _fw-fr 1_o 2_o 5_o 4_o 5_o 6_o 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 6_o 5_o 4_o 3_o 2_o  _fw-fr 1_o 6_o 5_o 4_o 3_o 2_o 1_o 6_o 5_o 4_o 3_o 2_o this_o i_o see_v july_n 1671._o reducement_n file_v leader_n stand_v the_o rest_n pass_v through_o and_o place_n yourselves_o before_o your_o leader_n rank_n to_o the_o right_n double_a and_o file_n to_o the_o right_n double_a rank_n to_o the_o left_a double_a and_o file_n double_v your_o depth_n to_o the_o left_a file-leader_n stand_v the_o rest_n pass_v through_o to_o the_o right_n and_o place_n themselves_o before_o their_o leader_n half_o double_v your_o front_n to_o the_o right_n and_o file_n to_o the_o right_n double_a rank_n to_o the_o left_a double_a and_o file_n to_o the_o left_a double_a if_o more_o file_n than_o one_o command_n reducement_n file_v rank_n to_o the_o left_a into_o the_o front_n rank_a file_n fix_v to_o the_o left_a file_v rank_n two_o to_o the_o right_n and_o file_n to_o the_o right_n double_a bringers-up_a double_v your_o front_n to_o the_o left_a and_o double_a your_o file_n to_o the_o right_n entire_a advance_n bringers-up_a double_v your_o front_n to_o the_o right_n and_o double_a your_o file_n to_o the_o left_a entire_a advance_n half_o double_v your_o front_n to_o the_o right_n file_n double_v your_o depth_n to_o the_o left_a file_v rank_n two_o to_o the_o left_a file_n to_o the_o left_a double_a reducement_n bringer-up_a stand_n the_o rest_n pass_v through_o to_o the_o left_a and_o place_n yourselves_o behind_o your_o bringer-up_a rank_n two_o to_o the_o left_a and_o file_n to_o the_o left_a double_a half_a file_n double_a your_o front_n to_o the_o right_n and_o file_n double_v your_o depth_n to_o the_o right_n file_v rank_n six_o to_o the_o left_a then_o rank_a file_n six_o to_o the_o left_a front_n half_a file_n double_v your_o depth_n to_o the_o left_a file-leader_n with_o the_o odd_a man_n from_o the_o front_n face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n and_o interchange_v ground_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 6_o 5_o 4_o 3_o 2_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 6_o 5_o 4_o 3_o 2_o  _fw-fr 6_o 5_o 4_o 3_o 2_o the_o front_n and_o stand_v of_o each_o file_n as_o they_o come_v to_o be_v leader_n in_o their_o respective_a dignity_n dignity_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o dignity_n of_o a_o file_n  _fw-fr 1_o 6_o 4_o 3_o 5_o 2_o 6_o 5_o 4_o 3_o 2_o 1_o 6_o 5_o 4_o 3_o 2_o 1_o  _fw-fr 6_o 5_o 4_o 3_o 2_o 1_o 1._o a_o 5._o e_fw-la 4._o do_v 3._o c_o 6._o f_o 2._o b_o 1_o 2_o 6_o 5_o 5_o 6_o 2_o 4_o 5_o 6_o 6_o 5_o  _fw-fr 2_o 4_o 5_o 6_o 6_o 5_o 3_o 4_o 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 1_o 3_o 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o  _fw-fr 1_o 3_o 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 4_o 3_o 2_o 1_o 1_o 3_o 3_o 1_o 3_o 4_o 1_o 3_o  _fw-fr 3_o 1_o 3_o 4_o 1_o 3_o 2_o 1_o 5_o 6_o 6_o 5_o 4_o 2_o 6_o 5_o 5_o 6_o  _fw-fr 4_o 2_o 6_o 5_o 5_o 6_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 5_o 6_o 3_o 4_o 4_o 2_o 5_o 6_o 2_o 1_o 4_o 2_o  _fw-fr 5_o 6_o 2_o 1_o 4_o 2_o dignity_n  _fw-fr i_o much_o quastion_v the_o dignity_n of_o this_o how_o ever_o i_o have_v insert_v it_o 6_o 5_o 4_o 3_o 2_o 1_o dignity_n 6_o 5_o 4_o 3_o 2_o 1_o  _fw-fr f_o e_o d_o c_o b_o a_o f_o e_o d_o c_o b_o a_o  _fw-fr reducement_n file_n rank_a two_o to_o the_o left_a file_n to_o the_o left_a double_a bringer_n up_o double_v your_o front_n to_o the_o left_a file_n double_v your_o depth_n to_o the_o left_a every_o man_n fall_v behind_o his_o bringer_n up_o half_n file_n double_v your_o front_n to_o the_o right_n file_n double_a to_o the_o left_a entire_a advance_n file_n rank_a two_o to_o the_o right_n file_n to_o the_o left_a double_a bringer_n up_o double_v your_o front_n to_o the_o right_n and_o file_n double_v your_o depth_n to_o the_o right_n every_o man_n place_v himself_o before_o his_o leader_n front_n half_a file_n double_v the_o rear_n to_o the_o left_a file_n double_a to_o the_o left_a in_o tire_n advance_v every_o man_n place_v himself_o before_o his_o leader_n half_n file_n double_v your_o front_n to_o the_o left_a file_n double_a to_o the_o right_n entire_a advance_n every_o man_n place_v himself_o before_o his_o leader_n reducement_n rank_n to_o the_o left_a double_a file_n to_o the_o left_a double_a then_o half_a file_n double_v your_o front_n to_o the_o right_n then_o bringer_n up_o face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n and_o march_v forth_o into_o your_o place_n file_v leader_n stand_v the_o rest_n pass_v through_o to_o the_o left_a and_o place_n yourselves_o before_o your_o leader_n rank_n to_o the_o right_n double_a file_n to_o the_o right_n double_a front_n and_o rear_v half_a file_n interchange_v ground_n file_v leader_n &_o half_a file_n leader_n stand_v the_o rest_n pass_v through_o to_o the_o left_a &_o place_v yourselves_o before_o your_o leader_n bringer_n up_o double_a your_o front_n to_o the_o right_n and_o file_n double_v your_o depth_n to_o the_o right_n  _fw-fr reducement_n rank_n two_o to_o the_o left_a and_o file_n to_o the_o left_a double_a then_o front_v half_a file_n double_v your_o rear_n to_o the_o left_a entire_a advance_n every_o one_o place_v himself_o behind_o his_o leader_n face_n about_o into_o the_o right_n and_o countermarch_v your_o rear_n into_o the_o front_n rank_n to_o the_o right_n double_a and_o file_n to_o the_o right_n double_a front_n half_a file_n double_v your_o rear_n to_o the_o right_n entire_a advance_n bringer_n up_o double_a your_o front_n to_o the_o right_n &_o file_n to_o the_o right_n double_a advance_n &_o place_v yourselves_o before_o your_o leader_n countermarch_v front_n and_o rear_n into_o the_o midst_n front_n and_o rear_v half_a file_n interchange_v ground_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr n._n 6._o n._n 5._o n._n 4._o n._n 3._o n._n 2._o  _fw-fr n._n 6._o n._n 5._o n_o 4._o n._n 3._o n._n 2._o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr n._n 6._o n._n 5._o n._n 4._o n._n 3._o n._n 2._o  _fw-fr chap._n xv._o of_o countermarche_n we_o read_v in_o the_o tactic_n of_o aelian_a of_o three_o kind_n of_o countermarche_n use_v among_o the_o grecian_n and_o persian_n and_o be_v term_v the_o 1._o chorean_n 2._o lacedaemonian_a 3._o macedonian_a countermarche_n there_o be_v another_o countermarch_v that_o be_v of_o use_n in_o our_o modern_a exercise_n and_o be_v term_v the_o bastard_n countermarch_v and_o so_o call_v because_o it_o participate_v some_o time_n of_o one_o and_o some_o time_n of_o another_o but_o always_o of_o two_o and_o may_v in_o many_o respect_n be_v more_o useful_a than_o the_o former_a most_o author_n place_v this_o among_o the_o other_o countermarche_n therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o now_o alter_v it_o although_o in_o my_o opinion_n it_o may_v be_v very_o well_o rank_v among_o the_o doubling_n i_o think_v to_o have_v be_v large_a in_o demonstrate_v the_o several_a nature_n of_o countermarche_n but_o be_v conceive_v of_o all_o motion_n in_o this_o art_n the_o least_o beneficial_a to_o our_o late_a mode_n of_o discipline_n i_o shall_v not_o be_v tedious_a to_o your_o patience_n but_o if_o the_o skilful_a soldier_n will_v put_v they_o into_o practice_n especial_o the_o bastard_n countermarch_v he_o will_v not_o only_o find_v some_o of_o they_o serviceable_a but_o all_o delightful_a in_o private_a exercise_n observe_v the_o chorean_a lacedaemonian_a macedonian_a be_v 1._o maintain_v 2._o lose_v 3._o gain_v ground_n first_o the_o maintain_n of_o ground_n be_v a_o countermarch_v command_v without_o any_o addition_n to_o it_o and_o be_v term_v the_o chorean_a or_o cretan_a countermarch_v second_o the_o lose_a ground_n be_v a_o countermarch_v command_v when_o the_o soldier_n be_v to_o take_v his_o ground_n from_o the_o rear_n and_o this_o be_v term_v the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_v three_o the_o gain_n of_o ground_n that_o be_v a_o countermarch_v take_v of_o ground_n next_o before_o the_o front_n and_o forsake_v the_o ground_n it_o first_o stand_v upon_o and_o this_o be_v
term_v a_o macedonian_a countermarch_v in_o all_o which_o there_o be_v countermarching_n of_o file_n rank_n the_o front_n the_o rear_n half_a file_n half_n rank_n and_o these_o may_v all_o be_v perform_v by_o entire_a or_o divisional_a countermarche_n 1._o the_o countermarching_n of_o file_n be_v when_o every_o soldier_n follow_v his_o leader_n 2._o the_o countermarching_n of_o rank_n be_v when_o every_o soldier_n follow_v his_o side_n man_n 3._o the_o front_n and_o rear_v half_a file_n countermarching_n be_v when_o the_o soldier_n shall_v follow_v their_o file_n leader_n or_o bringer_n up_o 4._o the_o countermarching_n of_o half_a rank_n be_v when_o the_o soldier_n shall_v follow_v their_o outside_n man_n i_o shall_v in_o the_o first_o place_n show_v how_o entire_a and_o divisional_a countermarche_n be_v perform_v by_o file_n and_o rank_n 1._o observe_v that_o in_o the_o execution_n hereof_o your_o distance_n be_v to_o be_v at_o six_o foot_n in_o rank_n and_o file_n 2._o when_o you_o be_v to_o countermarch_v to_o the_o right_n the_o file_n leader_n be_v to_o step_v forward_o with_o their_o right_a leg_n and_o face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n pass_v down_o to_o the_o rear_n with_o their_o respective_a file_n follow_v they_o keep_v even_o a_o breast_n with_o their_o right_a handman_n and_o to_o be_v sure_a not_o to_o turn_v before_o they_o be_v advance_v to_o the_o ground_n of_o their_o file_n leader_n 3._o all_o entire_a countermarche_n of_o file_n or_o rank_n may_v be_v reduce_v by_o contrary_a countermarche_n if_o the_o command_n be_v to_o the_o right_n reduce_v they_o to_o the_o left_a and_o so_o for_o contermarching_n of_o the_o front_n rear_n or_o flank_n into_o the_o midst_n reduce_v they_o back_o from_o the_o midst_n it_o shall_v be_v my_o endeavour_n to_o demonstrate_v how_o all_o entire_a and_o divisional_a countermarche_n shall_v lie_v under_o these_o three_o head_n of_o mantain_v lose_v and_o gain_v of_o ground_n first_o of_o countermarche_n maintain_v ground_n in_o the_o second_o precedent_n rule_v it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o cast_v your_o eye_n back_o for_o your_o better_a direction_n by_o which_o you_o will_v be_v able_a to_o pass_v these_o countermarche_n with_o great_a delight_n and_o order_n 1._o command_n file_n to_o the_o 1._o right_o or_o 2._o left_a hand_n countermarch_v to_o perform_v this_o let_v the_o file_n leader_n step_v forward_o with_o their_o right_a leg_n and_o march_v even_o in_o rank_a to_o the_o rear_n and_o none_o to_o turn_v off_o until_o he_o come_v to_o his_o file_n leader_n ground_n to_o reduce_v this_o command_n file_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n countermarch_v 2._o command_n rank_n to_o the_o 1._o right_a or_o 2._o left_a hand_n countermarch_v to_o perform_v this_o face_v they_o to_o the_o right_n and_o the_o right_a hand_n file_n be_v to_o turn_v off_o to_o the_o right_n and_o to_o march_v even_o to_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o left_a hand_n file_n you_o may_v reduce_v this_o by_o rank_n countermarch_v to_o the_o left_a 3._o command_n countermarch_v your_o front_n and_o rear_n into_o the_o midst_n to_o perform_v this_o command_n half_n file_n face_n about_o and_o turn_v to_o off_o the_o left_a front_n half_a file_n turn_v off_o to_o the_o right_n and_o face_n to_o your_o leader_n you_o may_v reduce_v this_o figure_n by_o do_v the_o same_o over_o again_o or_o else_o by_o any_o other_o divisional_a countermarch_v 4._o command_n front_n and_o rear_v half_a file_n countermarch_n to_o the_o 1._o right_a or_o 2._o left_a you_o may_v reduce_v this_o figure_n by_o do_v the_o same_o over_o again_o or_o by_o countermarch_v front_n and_o rear_n into_o the_o midst_n 5._o command_n countermarch_v your_o front_n and_o rear_v half_a file_n to_o right_a and_o leave_v from_o the_o midst_n to_o perform_v this_o command_n front_n half_a file_n face_n about_o and_o turn_v off_o to_o the_o right_n and_o rear_v half_a file_n turn_v off_o to_o your_o left_a then_o face_n to_o your_o leader_n to_o reduce_v this_o command_v to_o countermarch_v from_o the_o midst_n into_o the_o front_n and_o rear_n the_o three_o last_o figure_n by_o command_n be_v several_a but_o the_o figure_n be_v still_o one_o and_o the_o same_o in_o quantity_n but_o not_o in_o quality_n or_o motion_n as_o you_o may_v perceive_v etc._n etc._n 6._o command_n countermarch_v your_o flank_n into_o the_o midst_n to_o perform_v this_o command_v they_o to_o face_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a outward_n the_o right_a flank_n turn_v off_o to_o the_o right_n and_o leave_v flank_n turn_v off_o to_o the_o left_a until_o they_o meet_v in_o the_o midst_n to_o reduce_v they_o command_n countermarch_v from_o the_o midst_n to_o the_o right_n and_o leave_v into_o both_o flank_n 7._o command_v right_o and_o left_a half_a rank_n interchange_v your_o ground_n to_o perform_v this_o face_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a inward_a and_o march_v all_o and_o interchange_v your_o ground_n this_o be_v of_o no_o great_a use_n except_o it_o be_v when_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v flank_n have_v fight_v that_o then_o the_o reserve_a flank_n may_v come_v into_o service_n also_o you_o may_v reduce_v they_o by_o interchange_v of_o they_o back_o again_o or_o divisional_o to_o countermarch_v their_o flank_n into_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o battle_n second_o countermarch_v lofe_v ground_n 1._o command_n file_n to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n countermarch_v place_v yourselves_o before_o your_o bringer_n up_o to_o perform_v this_o command_n the_o bringer_n up_o to_o face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n than_o the_o file_n leader_n with_o the_o rest_n successive_o to_o turn_v off_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n he_o stand_v and_o on_o the_o same_o hand_n the_o command_n be_v give_v so_o to_o place_v themselves_o according_o you_o may_v easy_o reduce_v they_o by_o any_o other_o countermarch_v of_o file_n 2._o command_n the_o last_o rank_n stand_v the_o rest_n pass_v through_o to_o the_o 1._o right_o or_o 2._o leave_v 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fit_v of_o the_o soldier_n for_o field_n service_n and_o other_o at_o their_o pleasure_n what_o their_o fancy_n may_v guide_v they_o unto_o and_o thus_o i_o have_v pass_v over_o the_o ground_n of_o discipline_n for_o the_o foot_n i_o expect_v censure_n by_o the_o ingenuous_a i_o submit_v to_o a_o correction_n but_o for_o the_o carper_n let_v he_o remain_v in_o his_o own_o mud_n he_o shall_v never_o be_v complemented_a to_o a_o clear_v fountain_n by_o i_o chap._n xvii_o of_o make_v file_n leader_n successive_o both_o in_o number_n and_o place_n in_o a_o file_n six_o in_o depth_n and_o so_o for_o a_o whole_a body_n the_o soldier_n have_v pass_v thus_o many_o day_n exercise_n in_o these_o principle_n of_o art_n military_a and_o now_o each_o soldier_n be_v love_v to_o his_o comrade_n every_o file_n leader_n to_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o file_n be_v willing_a that_o their_o file_n shall_v successive_o demonstrate_v some_o experience_n as_o they_o have_v attain_v unto_o in_o the_o exercise_n 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 _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 2_o 2_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 1_o  _fw-fr a_o file_n to_o be_v make_v file_n leader_n successive_o according_a to_o their_o dignity_n 1._o file_v leader_n 1_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o second_o man_n from_o the_o front_n 5_o 2_o bringer_n up_o double_a your_o front_n to_o the_o right_n and_o file_n double_v your_o depth_n to_o the_o right_n bringer_n up_o to_o the_o front_n half_a file_n 4_o 6_o 3_o file_v leader_n and_o half_a file_n leader_n stand_v the_o rest_n pass_v through_o to_o the_o left_a and_o place_n yourselves_o before_o your_o leader_n 3._o half_a file_n leader_n 3_o 3_o 6_o 4_o front_n and_o rear_v half_a file_n interchange_v your_o ground_n the_o second_o man_n from_o the_o rear_n 6_o 1_o 2_o 5_o 5_o rank_n to_o the_o right_n double_a file_n to_o the_o right_n double_a 2._o bringer_n up_o 2_o 5_o 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in_o this_o art_n have_v be_v whole_o ignorant_a of_o the_o least_o part_n thereof_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n then_o if_o his_o majesty_n may_v lose_v his_o expectation_n of_o a_o well_o discipline_v militia_n and_o the_o soldier_n in_o hazard_n of_o his_o life_n and_o country_n too_o how_o easy_o may_v this_o be_v remedy_v if_o our_o command_a power_n will_v but_o authorise_v the_o commission_n officer_n to_o meet_v once_o in_o a_o month_n to_o exercise_v each_o other_o by_o their_o respective_a turn_n etc._n etc._n where_o they_o may_v also_o discourse_v and_o consult_v about_o military_a affair_n and_o then_o for_o these_o private_a commander_n by_o their_o affable_a and_o heroic_a persuasion_n to_o get_v some_o of_o their_o soldier_n as_o may_v be_v for_o their_o conveniency_n to_o meet_v with_o their_o arm_n and_o to_o exercise_v they_o this_o will_v not_o only_o be_v delightful_a but_o profitable_a both_o for_o king_n and_o country_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o neglect_n hereof_o and_o also_o of_o the_o full_a number_n of_o man_n and_o arm_n in_o the_o militia_n have_v make_v it_o to_o be_v ill_o speak_v of_o and_o so_o little_o fear_v especial_o by_o those_o of_o our_o own_o inbred_a enemy_n to_o the_o royal_a government_n hereafter_o these_o thing_n will_v be_v better_o look_v into_o hereafter_o if_o they_o will_v not_o be_v draw_v to_o love_v and_o to_o be_v obedient_a to_o royal_a prerogative_n they_o must_v be_v make_v to_o dread_v it_o and_o i_o humble_o conceive_v there_o be_v no_o better_a way_n to_o effect_v the_o former_a than_o by_o have_v a_o choice_a militia_n of_o such_o who_o spirit_n shall_v account_v it_o a_o baseness_n to_o abuse_v the_o country_n and_o make_v not_o their_o muster_n pass_v time_n for_o debauchery_n and_o that_o their_o company_n be_v not_o only_o well_o discipline_v but_o well_o arm_v also_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o draw_v up_o of_o file_n again_o into_o a_o body_n and_o prepare_v they_o for_o skirmish_n a_o company_n of_o foot_n be_v thus_o draw_v up_o for_o service_n and_o the_o colour_n fly_v in_o the_o head_n of_o the_o company_n and_o there_o they_o be_v to_o remain_v until_o all_o forlorn_a firing_n be_v end_v but_o so_o soon_o as_o the_o drum_n shall_v beat_v his_o further_a preparative_n for_o a_o close_a skirmish_n the_o ensign_n be_v to_o furl_v his_o colour_n and_o retreit_n to_o the_o half_a file_n of_o pike_n observe_v that_o all_o firing_n be_v either_o direct_a or_o oblique_a and_o the_o manner_n how_o they_o be_v to_o be_v perform_v be_v either_o advance_v receive_v or_o retreit_v otherwhiles_o there_o may_v be_v fire_v in_o the_o rear_n march_v from_o the_o enemy_n or_o in_o the_o flank_n march_v by_o a_o enemy_n and_o also_o at_o several_a place_n for_o a_o enemy_n
may_v at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n charge_n either_o in_o the_o front_n or_o rear_n in_o front_n and_o rear_n also_o in_o front_n rear_n and_o flank_n and_o of_o these_o i_o shall_v demonstrate_v some_o that_o i_o at_o first_o learn_v and_o some_o among_o other_o that_o be_v most_o convenient_a to_o be_v learn_v now_o that_o the_o soldier_n may_v be_v expert_a in_o his_o firing_n against_o the_o enemy_n let_v he_o be_v often_o exercise_v with_o firing_n only_o in_o the_o pan_n fall_v off_o and_o on_o as_o shall_v be_v command_v all_o which_o be_v well_o perform_v by_o the_o musquetteer_n be_v a_o full_a accomplishment_n of_o what_o have_v be_v before_o teach_v he_o by_o which_o the_o commander_n shall_v be_v credit_v and_o the_o soldier_n prefer_v to_o his_o merit_n of_o fire_v by_o forlorn_a file_n 1._o that_o which_o be_v to_o be_v use_v in_o our_o modern_a exercise_n be_v two_o manner_n of_o way_n the_o two_o outmost_a file_n of_o each_o flank_n of_o musquetteer_n to_o march_v with_o two_o sergeant_n so_o far_o as_o shall_v be_v command_v and_o there_o to_o stand_v and_o the_o foremost_a rank_n be_v to_o give_v fire_n and_o to_o fall_v into_o the_o rear_n of_o themselves_o either_o by_o wheel_v off_o to_o the_o right_n or_o to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a then_o let_v the_o remain_a do_v the_o like_a and_o fall_v into_o their_o place_n those_o that_o have_v fire_v be_v to_o fall_v off_o on_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o musquetteer_n between_o they_o and_o the_o pike_n and_o as_o they_o be_v thus_o troop_v back_o after_o fire_v to_o their_o place_n the_o rest_n be_v in_o like_a manner_n to_o move_v away_o and_o fire_n and_o fall_v in_o next_o the_o pike_n 2._o according_o as_o you_o draw_v out_o two_o file_n so_o you_o may_v draw_v out_o more_o file_n to_o the_o number_n of_o musquetteer_n and_o so_o to_o fire_n and_o fall_v into_o the_o rear_n of_o themselves_o and_o place_n etc._n etc._n 3._o you_o may_v move_v they_o all_o clear_a of_o the_o pike_n 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thereby_o restrain_v from_o assault_v the_o same_o for_o fear_v the_o defendant_n camp_n shall_v assail_v he_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o which_o work_v all_o for_o the_o defendant_n in_o win_v of_o time_n to_o the_o weaken_n and_o ruin_n of_o his_o enemy_n army_n the_o date_n whereof_o as_o by_o daily_a experience_n be_v find_v be_v not_o above_o twelve_o or_o thirteen_o week_n continuance_n so_o as_o your_o strong_a town_n avail_v whole_o for_o the_o defendant_n war_n in_o our_o late_a war_n and_o be_v dangerous_a only_o in_o civil_a and_o intestine_a war_n for_o that_o such_o town_n revolt_a work_n the_o like_a contrary_a effect_n against_o their_o lord_n and_o master_n as_o they_o do_v before_o for_o he_o for_o example_n &_o precedent_n of_o this_o you_o may_v behold_v what_o the_o strong_a hold_v of_o france_n and_o the_o low_a country_n and_o england_n itself_o do_v against_o their_o lord_n and_o sovereign_n insomuch_o as_o we_o may_v true_o say_v of_o they_o they_o be_v a_o dangerous_a good_a wherefore_o i_o think_v it_o matter_n of_o joy_n to_o all_o loyal_a heart_n that_o our_o most_o gracious_a sovereign_n have_v a_o kingdom_n so_o well_o replenish_v with_o a_o warlike_a people_n whereby_o to_o be_v enable_v at_o all_o time_n to_o front_n and_o give_v a_o stop_n to_o a_o enemy_n invadour_n and_o as_o touch_v a_o rebellious_a number_n i_o hope_v we_o shall_v never_o doubt_v or_o fear_v they_o as_o long_o as_o they_o shall_v want_v skilful_a leader_n and_o governor_n to_o direct_v they_o pay_v armour_n munition_n and_o other_o necessary_n to_o uphold_v they_o wherewith_o his_o now_o most_o royal_a majesty_n be_v plentiful_o furnish_v the_o want_n whereof_o shall_v force_v rebel_n in_o a_o few_o day_n to_o disperse_v themselves_o who_o be_v once_o break_v may_v present_o be_v follow_v in_o gross_a in_o such_o sort_n as_o they_o shall_v never_o be_v able_a to_o assemble_v and_o make_v head_n again_o and_o what_o leader_n of_o skill_n and_o judgement_n will_v undertake_v such_o a_o enterprise_n in_o these_o day_n and_o not_o forecast_v that_o a_o power_n and_o force_v assemble_v can_v long_o stand_v without_o rich_a and_o strong_a town_n to_o supply_v their_o want_n or_o at_o leastwise_o without_o so_o much_o as_o be_v requisite_a to_o retain_v and_o keep_v a_o army_n together_o in_o due_a order_n and_o obedience_n without_o which_o there_o can_v grow_v nothing_o but_o confusion_n and_o ruin_n be_v their_o number_n never_o so_o great_a the_o content_n for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o horse_n chapt._n 1_o introductive_a collection_n for_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o young_a soldier_n in_o the_o art_n military_n folio_fw-la 1_o chap._n 2._o of_o the_o soldier_n and_o officer_n in_o general_n 4_o chap._n 3._o of_o arm_v the_o cavalry_n 7_o chap._n 4._o of_o military_a sign_n 9_o chap._n 5._o of_o march_v and_o draw_v up_o of_o a_o troop_n of_o horse_n 10_o chap._n 6._o of_o exercise_v a_o troop_n as_o arm_v with_o carabine_n and_o pistol_n 13_o chap._n 7._o of_o distance_n 15_o chap._n 8._o of_o motion_n 16_o chap._n 9_o of_o firing_n 21_o chap._n 10._o the_o conlusion_n for_o the_o horse_n service_n 23_o for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o foot_n chap._n 1._o by_o way_n of_o introduction_n 33_o chap._n 2._o of_o the_o posture_n of_o the_o pike_n and_o of_o the_o musket_n 34_o 37_o chap._n 3._o of_o place_n and_o dignity_n both_o of_o file_n and_o rank_n some_o objection_n answer_v in_o dignity_n etc._n etc._n 40_o 43_o chap._n 4._o of_o the_o drum_n 45_o chap._n 5._o of_o distance_n ibid._n read_v chap._n 7._o for_o the_o horse_n service_n chap._n 6._o of_o march_v and_o draw_v up_o of_o a_o company_n decipher_n their_o dignity_n in_o place_n 48_o 49_o chap._n 6._o of_o face_n 50_o chap_n 7._o of_o doubling_n 53_o how_o the_o front_n be_v strengthen_v 1._o by_o entire_a doubling_n of_o rank_n 54_o 2._o by_o bringer_n up_o 57_o 3._o by_o half_a file_n 58_o 4._o by_o divisional_a wheeling_n 61_o chap._n 8._o show_v that_o several_a command_n produce_v one_o and_o the_o same_o figure_n 63_o chap._n 9_o how_o the_o rear_n may_v be_v strengthen_v 65_o chap._n 10._o how_o the_o flank_n be_v to_o be_v strengthen_v 1._o by_o file_n 67_o 2._o by_o half_a rank_n 72_o 3._o by_o divisional_a doubling_n 77_o 4._o by_o wheeling_n 78_o chap._n 11._o show_v how_o that_o several_a command_n produce_v one_o and_o the_o same_o figure_n 81_o chap._n 12._o treat_v of_o inversion_n 1._o of_o file_n file_v 84_o 2._o of_o rank_n file_v 90_o chap._n 13._o of_o conversion_n etc._n etc._n 93_o chap._n 14._o show_v also_o their_o several_a command_n produce_v one_o and_o the_o same_o figure_n 106_o chap._n 15._o of_o countermarche_n 110_o 1._o of_o maintain_v ground_n 111_o 2._o of_o lose_v ground_n 115_o 3._o of_o gain_v ground_n 122_o chap._n 16._o of_o wheeling_n 127_o chap._n 17._o of_o file_n leader_n to_o be_v make_v successive_o six_o deep_a 136_o chap._n 18._o of_o firing_n and_o fire_v in_o the_o front_n 137_o chap._n 19_o of_o fire_v in_o the_o front_n and_o rear_n and_o rear_v alone_o 151_o chap._n 20._o of_o firing_n in_o the_o flank_n 153_o chap._n 21._o of_o divisional_a firing_n 160_o chap._n 22._o a_o excuse_n for_o not_o proceed_v far_o 169_o chap._n 23._o show_v the_o necessity_n of_o exercise_n of_o arm_n with_o their_o antiquity_n ibid._n chap._n 24._o the_o conclusion_n 174_o chap._n 1._o the_o original_a and_o be_v of_o ensign_n and_o colour_n 175_o chap._n 2._o the_o definition_n of_o ensign_n 177_o chap._n 3._o of_o horse_n and_o horse_n colour_n 179_o chap._n 4._o of_o the_o dignity_n of_o ensign_n 180_o chap._n 5._o the_o disgrace_n to_o the_o ensign_n 182_o chap._n 6._o the_o use_n of_o the_o ensign_n with_o the_o posture_n and_o flourish_n 184_o sir_n francis_n
line_n 87_o s_n v_n do_v represent_v the_o width_n of_o the_o ditch_n or_o moat_n that_o wash_v the_o bulwark_n which_o you_o must_v always_o understand_v when_o there_o shall_v any_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o width_n of_o the_o ditch_n chap._n viii_o wherein_o be_v determine_v the_o orthographical_a dimension_n or_o the_o profile_v of_o fortification_n and_o first_o those_o of_o the_o rampar_n and_o brestwork_n raise_v upon_o the_o rampar_n the_o sole_a and_o main_a business_n of_o the_o delineation_n hitherto_o expound_v be_v true_o to_o constitute_v or_o form_v the_o rampart_n circumference_n complete_v with_o face_n flanque_n and_o courtine_n which_o indeed_o be_v the_o fundamental_a &_o principal_a work_n of_o all_o martial_a structure_n but_o now_o to_o prescribe_v the_o dimension_n of_o the_o rampar_n itself_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o its_o part_n as_o to_o their_o height_n and_o thickness_n be_v the_o business_n of_o orthography_n every_o fortification_n consist_v almost_o of_o these_o part_n viz._n rampar_n brestwork_n fauss_n bray_v ditch_n or_o moat_n the_o couvert_a way_n and_o a_o out-brestwork_a yet_o if_o the_o ditch_n be_v dry_a the_o fauss-bray_a both_o may_v and_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v omit_v in_o this_o chapter_n we_o shall_v speak_v of_o the_o dimension_n of_o the_o rampar_n and_o brestwork_n the_o spartan_n in_o former_a time_n will_v not_o defend_v their_o city_n with_o wall_n and_o ditch_n and_o king_n agesilaus_n show_v his_o arm_a citizen_n to_o one_o that_o ask_v why_o sparta_n want_v wall_n say_v that_o those_o be_v the_o wall_n of_o sparta_n this_o be_v plain_o a_o foolish_a and_o empty_a ostentation_n of_o strength_n rely_v on_o no_o sound_a council_n but_o only_a rashness_n which_o the_o experience_n of_o all_o nation_n have_v condemn_v and_o which_o the_o spartan_n have_v almost_o find_v fatal_a to_o themselves_o in_o the_o theban_a war._n but_o leave_v this_o we_o will_v come_v to_o the_o purpose_n i._o for_o the_o stuff_n or_o matter_n to_o make_v the_o rampar_n the_o rampar_n must_v not_o be_v make_v of_o wood_n nor_o stone_n but_o earth_n this_o be_v every_o where_o at_o hand_n and_o ready_a to_o come_v by_o and_o be_v easy_o heap_v up_o to_o such_o a_o thickness_n that_o the_o rampar_n may_v be_v cannon_n proof_n beside_o earth_n by_o its_o yield_n and_o give_v way_n do_v soon_o master_n and_o break_v the_o force_n of_o the_o shot_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o prefer_v a_o bare_a earthen_a rampar_n before_o one_o case_v with_o stone_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o ii_o the_o height_n of_o the_o rampar_n there_o be_v hardly_o any_o thing_n so_o destructive_a to_o a_o fortification_n as_o a_o high_a rampar_n this_o error_n have_v be_v commit_v in_o most_o of_o the_o ancient_a fortification_n especial_o those_o of_o the_o most_o famous_a city_n in_o europe_n for_o these_o high_a rampart_n flatter_v the_o sight_n and_o make_v a_o show_n of_o strength_n where_o there_o be_v none_o when_o indeed_o they_o spoil_v the_o whole_a defence_n and_o betray_v the_o town_n to_o the_o enemy_n and_o lest_o so_o great_a mischief_n may_v be_v have_v gratis_o the_o treasury_n must_v be_v also_o drain_v to_o obtain_v it_o the_o fault_n of_o high_a rampart_n consist_v chief_o in_o this_o that_o they_o shelter_v the_o enemy_n when_o he_o draw_v near_o they_o from_o the_o shot_n of_o the_o townsman_n this_o to_o its_o own_o great_a loss_n breda_n have_v teach_v we_o when_o it_o be_v last_o besiege_v by_o the_o hollander_n prince_n maurice_n have_v fortify_v this_o town_n with_o great_a care_n and_o expense_n so_o that_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v reckon_v one_o of_o the_o compleat_a fortification_n of_o europe_n but_o the_o height_n of_o the_o rampar_n flatter_v his_o sight_n as_o i_o say_v deceive_v he_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o breda_n be_v afterward_o besiege_v by_o frederick_n mauritius_n his_o brother_n be_v not_o able_a from_o their_o high_a rampar_n with_o all_o their_o cannon_n to_o remove_v the_o enemy_n approach_v near_o unto_o they_o nor_o his_o blind_v steal_v by_o degree_n upon_o they_o whence_o they_o be_v force_v to_o cut_v hole_n in_o several_a place_n of_o their_o high_a rampar_n that_o be_v raise_v at_o such_o great_a charge_n and_o pull_v it_o down_o and_o level_v it_o to_o make_v a_o place_n for_o low_a battery_n from_o whence_o they_o may_v sure_a hit_v and_o break_v the_o fatal_a blind_v of_o the_o enemy_n but_o these_o high_a rampart_n can_v be_v so_o mend_v but_o they_o will_v be_v mar_v worse_o in_o another_o point_n for_o while_o they_o be_v cut_v in_o many_o place_n the_o bind_v together_o and_o joint_v of_o the_o work_n be_v loosen_a so_o that_o it_o will_v easy_o fall_v if_o batter_v with_o the_o enemy_n cannon_n but_o a_o rampar_n that_o rise_v to_o a_o indifferent_a height_n have_v not_o this_o deadly_a inconvenience_n 9_o fig._n 9_o as_o be_v manifest_a in_o itself_o nay_o and_o musket_n shoot_v do_v more_o execution_n from_o a_o low_a station_n than_o from_o a_o high_a one_o for_o let_v there_o be_v two_o height_n a_o b_o the_o big_a a_o c_o the_o lesser_a and_o let_v the_o line_n d_o e_z at_o the_o height_n of_o a_o man_n stand_v perpendicular_a upon_o the_o horizon_n now_o it_o be_v clear_v the_o line_n or_o shot_n which_o be_v direct_v from_o c_o to_o e_z shall_v fall_v beyond_o that_o line_n or_o shot_n which_o shall_v be_v direct_v from_o b_o to_z e_z and_o intercept_v a_o large_a space_n on_o the_o earth_n d_o f_o whereas_o the_o other_o from_o b_o passing_z through_z e_z intercept_v only_o the_o space_n d_o g_o therefore_o more_o ground_n may_v be_v scour_v from_o a_o low_a place_n than_o from_o a_o high_a but_o perhaps_o those_o that_o be_v the_o patron_n of_o high_a rampart_n will_v say_v they_o can_v be_v so_o easy_o climb_v and_o that_o the_o enemy_n approach_n may_v better_o be_v discover_v from_o they_o i_o answer_v the_o inconvenience_n now_o allege_v must_v prevail_v for_o a_o ordinary_a height_n will_v sufficient_o hinder_v the_o ascent_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o for_o discover_v his_o approach_n you_o may_v raise_v cavalier_n in_o the_o bulwork_n iii_o the_o height_n be_v determine_v therefore_o let_v not_o the_o height_n of_o the_o rampar_n exceed_v 18_o rhynland_a foot_n nor_o be_v less_o than_o 10_o foot_n for_o this_o will_v expose_v the_o city_n to_o the_o enemy_n shot_n the_o other_o suffice_v more_o will_v make_v you_o fall_v into_o the_o error_n speak_v of_o before_o in_o the_o second_o number_n engineer_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o several_a magnitude_n of_o fortification_n prescribe_v several_a height_n but_o mere_o by_o guess_n in_o iu._n v._o vi_o vii_o viii_o etc._n etc._n the_o height_n of_o the_o rampar_n foot_n 12._o 14._o 15._o 16._o 18_o if_o hill_n shall_v hangover_v the_o town_n you_o must_v not_o for_o that_o reason_n raise_v your_o rampar_n above_o 18_o foot_n but_o raise_v cavalier_n in_o your_o bulwork_n or_o praeoccupate_v those_o high_a place_n with_o outwork_n iv_o the_o talu_n of_o the_o rampar_n or_o line_n form_v the_o slope_n the_o rampar_n must_v be_v so_o build_v that_o both_o without_o and_o within_o it_o may_v be_v slope_v for_o a_o body_n of_o earth_n can_v like_v a_o wall_n rise_v to_o a_o perpendicle_n 8._o fig._n 8._o the_o inward_a talu_n a_n b_o must_v be_v always_o equal_a to_o the_o height_n b_o l_o that_o upon_o any_o sudden_a occasion_n the_o soldier_n may_v easy_o run_v up_o to_o their_o rampar_n the_o outward_a talu_n e_o f_o be_v most_o common_o half_a the_o height_n and_o it_o will_v be_v requisite_a to_o make_v it_o less_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v firm_a if_o the_o ground_n be_v very_o loose_a it_o may_v be_v make_v equal_a to_o two_o three_o of_o the_o height_n but_o if_o the_o outward_a talu_n be_v too_o big_a it_o give_v the_o enemy_n a_o easy_a ascent_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o memorable_a take_n of_o the_o fort_n of_o schenkin_n v._o the_o upper_a thickness_n of_o the_o rampar_n 8._o fig._n 8._o the_o upper_a thickness_n of_o the_o rampar_n l_o 3_o must_v not_o be_v only_o such_o be_v may_v bear_v the_o force_n of_o cannon_n but_o aught_o to_o be_v so_o big_a that_o after_o its_o brestwork_n be_v set_v on_o who_o low_a thickness_n must_v be_v 24_o foot_n else_o not_o cannon_n proof_n together_o with_o the_o step_n or_o banquet_n d_o 4_o three_o foot_n broad_a yet_o it_o may_v also_o have_v remain_v a_o plain_a or_o walk_v call_v in_o french_a terreplein_n 4_o l_o large_a enough_o for_o the_o traverse_v great_a gun_n therefore_o it_o will_v be_v most_o a_o end_n 51_o or_o 57_o rhynland_a foot_n a_o thickness_n much_o exceed_v this_o will_v be_v superfluous_a and_o for_o no_o other_o use_n than_o drain_n the_o exchequer_n and_o here_o also_o your_o engineer_n for_o the_o
diversity_n of_o the_o figure_n prescribe_v several_a thickness_n and_o mere_o again_o by_o guess_n in_o iu._n v._o vi_o vii_o viii_o ix_o the_o upper_a thickness_n of_o the_o rampar_n foot_n 36._o 39_o 44._o 48._o 51._o 57_o and_o because_o rampart_n and_o their_o brestworks_n ought_v to_o be_v cannon_n proof_n i_o will_v brief_o add_v how_o much_o ground_n a_o shot_n can_v penetrate_v a_o whole_a cannon_n at_o 400_o foot_n distance_n with_o a_o ball_n of_o 48_o pound_n shall_v strike_v 20_o foot_n deep_a into_o firm_a earth_n a_o demi-canon_n at_o the_o distance_n of_o 300_o foot_n with_o a_o ball_n of_o 24_o l._n shall_v enter_v 12_o foot_n of_o firm_a ground_n a_o field_n piece_n at_o the_o distance_n of_o 200_o foot_n with_o a_o ball_n of_o 12._o l._n shall_v pass_v through_o about_o 7_o foot_n of_o firm_a ground_n this_o goldman_n report_v but_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v loose_a it_o will_v penetrate_v far_o deep_o dogen_fw-mi deny_v that_o 20_o foot_n of_o any_o ordinary_a earth_n can_v be_v pierce_v with_o whole_a cannon_n shoot_v vi_o the_o low_a thickness_n of_o the_o rampar_n 8._o fig._n 8._o the_o low_a thickness_n of_o the_o rampar_n be_v find_v if_o to_o the_o upper_a thickness_n l_o 3_o or_o b_o f_o you_o add_v the_o outward_a and_o inward_a talu_n a_o b_o and_o f_o e_o it_o be_v therefore_o for_o the_o most_o part_n six_o or_o seven_o perch_n that_o be_v 72_o foot_n or_o 84_o foot_n but_o then_o the_o outward_a talu_n e_o f_o will_v be_v somewhat_o less_o than_o half_a the_o height_n for_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o figure_n author_n order_n again_o by_o guess_n in_o iu_o v._o vi_o vii_o viii_o ix_o the_o low_a thickness_n of_o the_o rampar_n foot_n 54._o 60._o 66._o 72._o 78._o 84._o vii_o of_o a_o rampar_n case_v with_o stone_n a_o rampar_n case_v with_o stone_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o a_o bare_a one_o 1._o because_o it_o chief_o hinder_v nocturnal_a invasion_n and_o sudden_a attempt_n since_o the_o enemy_n can_v mount_v it_o 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after_o this_o manner_n as_o i_o o_o be_v to_o o_o k_o so_o be_v i_o c_o to_o c_o φ._n the_o three_o first_o term_n be_v know_v therefore_o the_o four_o c_o φ_n must_v be_v know_v now_o from_o c_z v_z know_v take_v c_o φ_n know_v there_o will_v remain_v φ_n v_n also_o know_v 3._o the_o inward_a talu_n d_o i_o must_v be_v always_o 1_o foot_n there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o a_o great_a since_o it_o lie_v from_o the_o enemy_n and_o be_v prop_v up_o sufficient_o by_o the_o step_n or_o banquet_n g_z 4_o d_o neither_o be_v it_o expose_v to_o the_o foot_n of_o man_n always_o run_v up_o it_o as_o the_o inward_a side_n of_o the_o rampar_n 4._o the_o outward_a talu_n 2_o 3._o must_v be_v always_o 2_o foot_n for_o since_o the_o outward_a side_n of_o the_o brestwork_n k_n 3_o lie_n in_o a_o straight_a line_n with_o the_o outward_a side_n of_o the_o rampar_n 3_o e_z and_o k_o 2_o 3_o f_o be_v parallel_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o triangle_n 2_o k_o 3_o f_o 3_o e_z be_v like_o triangle_n therefore_o since_o in_o the_o four_o number_n we_o order_v the_o outward_a talu_n of_o the_o rampar_n e_o f_o to_o be_v half_o the_o height_n of_o the_o rampar_n f_o 3_o 32_o will_n also_o be_v half_a the_o height_n 2_o k_o but_o 2_o k_o be_v appoint_v to_o be_v always_o 4_o foot_n therefore_o 32_o will_v be_v always_o 2_o foot_n 5._o the_o upper_a thickness_n o_o k_o must_v be_v cannon_n proof_n therefore_o since_o a_o whole_a cannon_n will_v scarce_o strike_v through_o 20_o foot_n of_o earth_n 21_o foot_n may_v suffice_v 6._o the_o low_a thickness_n d_o 3_o be_v compose_v of_o the_o two_o talue_n d_o t_o 32_o and_o the_o upper_a thickness_n o_o k_o the_o two_o talue_n take_v together_o make_v 3_o foot_n and_o the_o upper_a thickness_n 21_o foot_n so_o that_o the_o low_a thickness_n will_v be_v 24_o foot_n and_o here_o again_o our_o engineer_n sport_v it_o and_o for_o the_o variety_n of_o the_o figure_n alter_v the_o thickness_n after_o this_o manner_n in_o iu._n v._o vi_o vii_o viii_o ix_o etc._n etc._n lat._n sup_v 9_o 11._o 12._o 15._o 17_o 21_o foot_n lat._n inf_n 12_o 14_o 15_o 18_o 20_o 24_o foot_n the_o step_n or_o banquet_n be_v build_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o all_o brestworks_n on_o the_o inside_n and_o be_v 3_o foot_n thick_a or_o broad_a and_o 1_o ½_n foot_n high_a ix_o the_o terreplein_n or_o walk_n upon_o the_o rampar_n the_o walk_n on_o the_o rampar_n l_o 4_o be_v find_v if_o from_o the_o upper_a thickness_n of_o the_o rampar_n l_o 3_o you_o subtract_v the_o low_a thickness_n of_o the_o brestwork_n d_o 3_o and_o the_o thickness_n or_o breadth_n of_o the_o step_n d_o 4_o wherefore_o since_o d_o 3_o in_o number_n 8._o be_v order_v to_o be_v 24_o foot_n and_z d_o 4_o to_o be_v 3_o foot_n and_o in_o the_o 6_o number_n l_o 3_o be_v order_v to_o be_v 51_o foot_n or_o 57_o foot_n there_o remain_v for_o the_o walk_v 24_o foot_n or_o 30_o foot_n but_o if_o you_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o sport_n with_o the_o engineer_n above_o it_o will_v be_v in_o iu_o v._o 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the_o rampar_n which_o protect_v the_o enemy_n lie_v so_o near_o under_o it_o from_o the_o shot_n and_o sight_n of_o the_o besiege_a against_o so_o deadly_a a_o inconvenience_n the_o brestwork_n 5_o n_z p_o qui_fw-fr r_n be_v build_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o rampar_n which_o be_v call_v common_o fauss-bray_a or_o parapet_n des_fw-fr rondes_fw-la and_o in_o this_o alone_o consist_v the_o safety_n of_o a_o moat_n or_o wet_a ditch_n for_o from_o this_o the_o besieger_n be_v beat_v off_o on_o all_o side_n with_o shot_n almost_o quite_o level_a or_o horizontal_n and_o
â—_o inch_n diameter_n its_o weight_n in_o iron_n be_v 32_o l._n the_o diameter_n at_o bore_n be_v 6_o ½_n inch_n require_v for_o her_o charge_n in_o powder_n 17_o ½_n pound_n the_o low_a demi-cannon_n who_o weight_n of_o metal_n be_v 5400_o l._n be_v in_o length_n sometime_o 10_o and_o sometime_o 12_o foot_n it_o carry_v a_o shot_n of_o 6_o inch_n the_o weight_n of_o that_o shot_n in_o iron_n be_v 30_o l._n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o bore_n be_v 6_o ¼_n inch_n it_o require_v for_o charge_n in_o powder_n 14_o l._n culverin_n of_o the_o large_a size_n weigh_v about_o 4800_o l._n be_v in_o length_n 10_o or_o 12._o foot_n it_o carry_v a_o shot_n of_o 5_o â—_o â—_o inch_n diameter_n the_o weight_n of_o that_o shot_n in_o iron_n be_v 20_o l._n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o bore_n be_v 6_o ¼_n inch_n it_o require_v for_o charge_n in_o powder_n 12_o l._n 8_o z._n ordinary_a whole_a culverin_n weigh_v about_o 4500_o l._n be_v in_o length_n about_o 12_o foot_n it_o carry_v a_o shot_n of_o 5_o 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be_v call_v the_o casacabel_n or_o her_o deck_n the_o little_a hole_n the_o touchhole_n all_o the_o metal_n behind_o the_o touchhole_n the_o breach_n or_o coyl_n the_o great_a ring_n at_o her_o touchhole_n the_o base_a ring_n the_o next_o ring_n or_o circle_v the_o reinforce_v ring_n the_o next_o the_o trunion_n ring_v the_o next_o before_o the_o trunion_n be_v call_v the_o cornish_a ring_n the_o foremost_a next_o the_o muzzle_n be_v call_v the_o muzzle_n ring_n last_o all_o the_o ring_n circle_n eminency_n at_o her_o muzzle_n and_o so_o those_o behind_o the_o base_a ring_n be_v prize_n let_v the_o piece_n with_o its_o several_a name_n be_v place_v by_o this_o chapter_n fig._n 1._o chap._n v._o the_o mount_v of_o a_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n in_o its_o carriage_n the_o gunner_n upon_o land-service_n for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o mount_v a_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n that_o be_v by_o any_o mean_n whatsoever_o dismount_v have_v for_o their_o principal_a service_n a_o screw_n and_o a_o 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