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short_a time_n our_o monsieur_n lancespesata_n for_o so_o he_o be_v call_v be_v force_v to_o descend_v from_o be_v lancespesata_fw-la lancespesata_fw-la the_o captain_n comrade_n and_o become_v the_o corporal_n companion_n and_o assist_v he_o in_o the_o exercise_n of_o his_o charge_n and_o therefore_o be_v sometime_o call_v by_o the_o french_a aid_v caporal_a but_o when_o the_o caporal_n grow_v weary_a of_o the_o comradeship_n of_o his_o lancespesata_n he_o make_v he_o officiate_v under_o he_o and_o for_o that_o have_v some_o allowance_n of_o pay_n more_o than_o the_o common_a soldier_n which_o he_o enjoy_v in_o those_o place_n where_o he_o be_v make_v use_n of_o and_o still_o keep_v the_o noble_a title_n of_o lancespesata_n though_o perhaps_o he_o be_v never_o on_o horseback_n in_o his_o life_n corrupt_o
a_o regiment_n marshal_v in_o one_o division_n order_n the_o colonel_n company_n to_o draw_v up_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n next_o to_o that_o the_o major_n three_o the_o second_o captain_n fourthly_a the_o four_o captain_n five_o the_o six_o captain_n six_o the_o seven_o captain_n seventh_o the_o five_o captain_n eight_o the_o three_o captain_n ninth_o the_o old_a captain_n and_o last_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n company_n i_o know_v some_o will_v have_v the_o major_n company_n to_o be_v where_o i_o have_v place_v the_o young_a captain_n because_o they_o think_v next_o to_o the_o van_n and_o the_o rear_n the_o middle_n be_v the_o most_o honourable_a place_n but_o if_o they_o take_v heed_n they_o will_v find_v it_o be_v not_o so_o with_o a_o middle_a company_n as_o with_o a_o middle_a man_n in_o a_o file_n who_o upon_o double_v the_o front_n by_o half_a file_n become_v a_o leader_n beside_o no_o company_n can_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o regiment_n unless_o the_o regiment_n consist_v of_o odd_a company_n which_o seldom_o or_o never_o be_v practise_v for_o draw_v up_o a_o regiment_n of_o ten_o company_n in_o one_o front_n the_o six_o company_n which_o be_v account_v the_o middle_a one_o or_o the_o company_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o regiment_n be_v not_o so_o for_o it_o have_v five_o company_n on_o its_o right_a hand_n and_o but_o four_o on_o its_o left_a now_o my_o reason_n for_o it_o reason_n for_o the_o manner_n of_o it_o draw_v up_o the_o company_n in_o that_o order_n whereof_o i_o have_v speak_v be_v this_o the_o right_a hand_n or_o the_o van_n be_v the_o most_o honourable_a place_n and_o next_o to_o it_o the_o left_a hand_n or_o rear_v now_o the_o honour_n come_v from_o danger_n which_o be_v for_o most_o part_n expect_v from_o the_o van_n or_o the_o rear_n and_o hence_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o near_a a_o captain_n and_o his_o company_n be_v the_o danger_n the_o more_o honourable_a place_n they_o have_v and_o therefore_o the_o near_a they_o be_v to_o the_o van_n and_o the_o rear_n the_o more_o honourable_a place_n they_o have_v if_o then_o the_o regiment_n be_v attack_v in_o the_o van_n where_o most_o danger_n be_v expect_v the_o major_n company_n be_v by_o much_o near_o the_o danger_n when_o it_o be_v marshal_v next_o to_o the_o colonel_n than_o if_o it_o be_v draw_v up_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o regiment_n and_o consequent_o be_v in_o the_o more_o honourable_a place_n by_o this_o same_o reason_n the_o old_a captain_n be_v to_o be_v near_a the_o lieutenant-colonel_n who_o have_v the_o second_o place_n of_o honour_n for_o if_o the_o rear_n be_v attack_v the_o lieutenant_n colonel_n be_v near_a the_o danger_n and_o next_o he_o the_o first_o captain_n by_o this_o same_o rule_n of_o proportion_n the_o second_o captain_n be_v next_o to_o the_o major_n it_o be_v fit_a since_o the_o first_o captain_n have_v the_o second_o place_n of_o dignity_n in_o the_o rear_n that_o the_o second_o captain_n have_v the_o three_o place_n in_o the_o van._n and_o if_o this_o rule_n hold_v as_o i_o hope_v it_o will_v the_o three_o captain_n company_n must_v be_v draw_v up_o on_o the_o old_a captain_n right_a hand_n that_o so_o he_o may_v have_v the_o three_o place_n from_o the_o rear_n as_o the_o second_o captain_n have_v the_o three_o place_n from_o the_o van._n and_o to_o make_v short_a i_o place_v the_o four_o captain_n in_o the_o four_o place_n from_o the_o van_n and_o the_o five_o captain_n in_o the_o four_o place_n from_o the_o rear_n the_o six_o captain_n in_o the_o five_o place_n from_o the_o van_n and_o the_o seven_o and_o last_o captain_n in_o the_o five_o place_n from_o the_o rear_n now_o because_o a_o enemy_n be_v soon_o expect_v in_o the_o van_n than_o in_o the_o rear_n the_o van_n be_v more_o honourable_a than_o the_o rear_n and_o therefore_o i_o marshal_v the_o last_o captain_n in_o or_o near_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o regiment_n where_o be_v further_a from_o danger_n either_o in_o van_n or_o rear_n he_o obtain_v the_o place_n of_o least_o dignity_n for_o though_o all_o place_n be_v honourable_a yet_o some_o be_v more_o honourable_a than_o other_o i_o marshal_v then_o a_o regiment_n of_o ten_o company_n draw_v up_o in_o one_o division_n thus_o batallion_n order_n of_o a_o regiment_n in_o one_o batallion_n colonel_n major_n second_o captain_n four_o captain_n six_o captain_n seven_o captain_n five_o captain_n three_o captain_n first_o captain_n lieutenant-colonel_n the_o company_n stand_v in_o this_o order_n the_o major_n will_v have_v but_o little_a trouble_n body_n how_o to_o put_v they_o in_o one_o body_n to_o body_n they_o one_o of_o two_o way_n first_o he_o may_v command_v all_o the_o pike_n to_o advance_v twenty_o or_o twenty_o four_o pace_n and_o there_o join_v they_o then_o let_v he_o cause_v the_o musqueteer_n of_o the_o five_o company_n on_o the_o right_n to_o advance_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o pike_n and_o the_o musqueteer_n of_o the_o five_o company_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n to_o march_v up_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o pike_n and_o so_o his_o work_n be_v do_v second_o if_o he_o have_v no_o other_o ground_n than_o that_o he_o stand_v on_o he_o be_v to_o command_v the_o pikeman_n to_o march_v through_o the_o file_n of_o the_o musqueteer_n by_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n till_o they_o meet_v in_o one_o body_n in_o the_o middle_n the_o musqueteer_n be_v likewise_o order_v to_o march_v by_o both_o hand_n to_o their_o due_a distance_n so_o that_o this_o motion_n be_v a_o chorean_a countermarch_v of_o file_n this_o may_v be_v do_v with_o much_o ease_n and_o a_o few_o word_n if_o the_o major_n please_v but_o some_o have_v the_o vanity_n to_o make_v themselves_o and_o their_o soldier_n more_o business_n than_o they_o need_v by_o cry_v this_o and_o that_o ride_v here_o and_o there_o make_v work_n to_o themselves_o and_o sometime_o sport_n to_o the_o beholder_n if_o the_o major_n be_v order_v to_o marshal_v the_o regiment_n in_o two_o division_n he_o may_v do_v batallion_n to_o marshal_v a_o regiment_n of_o ten_o company_n in_o two_o batallion_n it_o thus_o the_o colonel_n company_n be_v to_o have_v the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o first_o division_n and_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n of_o the_o second_o division_n he_o ought_v to_o place_v the_o other_o company_n according_a to_o their_o dignity_n and_o these_o be_v the_o major_n company_n in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o first_o division_n and_o the_o first_o captain_n in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o second_o division_n the_o second_o captain_n next_o to_o the_o colonel_n in_o the_o first_o division_n the_o three_o captain_n next_o to_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n in_o the_o second_o division_n the_o four_o captain_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o major_a in_o the_o first_o division_n and_o the_o five_o captain_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o old_a captain_n in_o the_o second_o division_n the_o six_o captain_n next_o to_o the_o second_o captain_n in_o the_o first_o division_n and_o the_o seven_o and_o last_o captain_n next_o to_o the_o three_o captain_n in_o the_o second_o division_n the_o ten_o company_n of_o a_o regiment_n then_o draw_v up_o in_o two_o distinct_a batallion_n be_v in_o this_o order_n division_n order_n of_o ten_o company_n in_o two_o division_n first_o division_n second_o division_n colonel_n lieutenant-colonel_n second_o captain_n three_o captain_n six_o captain_n seven_o captain_n four_o captain_n five_o captain_n major_n first_o captain_n my_o reason_n for_o this_o be_v because_o the_o regiment_n be_v now_o divide_v into_o two_o body_n or_o batallion_n the_o two_o reer_n be_v next_o in_o dignity_n to_o the_o two_o vans_n and_o those_o that_o be_v near_a to_o the_o two_o reer_n be_v next_o in_o honour_n to_o those_o who_o be_v near_a to_o the_o two_o vans_n for_o this_o reason_n i_o place_v the_o six_o captain_n just_a in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o order_n reason_n for_o that_o order_n first_o division_n as_o further_a from_o danger_n of_o either_o van_n or_o rear_n of_o that_o division_n have_v two_o company_n before_o he_o and_o two_o behind_o he_o or_o two_o on_o each_o hand_n of_o he_o and_o i_o place_v the_o last_o captain_n company_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o second_o division_n as_o the_o place_n of_o least_o dignity_n and_o that_o belong_v to_o he_o all_o other_o captain_n have_v the_o precedency_n of_o he_o the_o pike_n of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o division_n be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o their_o several_a batallion_n and_o the_o musqueteer_n of_o the_o five_o company_n of_o each_o body_n equal_o divide_v on_o both_o hand_n of_o the_o several_a body_n of_o the_o pike_n which_o be_v do_v in_o that_o same_o way_n as_o when_o the_o regiment_n
of_o 10000_o man_n make_v square_a battle_n and_o therefore_o their_o 10000_o man_n be_v draw_v up_o a_o 100_o in_o rank_n and_o a_o 100_o in_o file_n and_o a_o 100_o time_n a_o 100_o make_v 10000_o and_o so_o their_o batallion_n be_v square_a of_o man_n and_o may_v have_v be_v also_o of_o ground_n if_o they_o allow_v no_o great_a interval_n of_o rank_n than_o of_o file_n which_o hardly_o they_o can_v do_v be_v they_o be_v all_o offensive_o arm_v with_o pike_n both_o long_o and_o strong_a but_o our_o author_n say_v that_o cyrus_n be_v glad_a of_o this_o wish_v croesus_n whole_a army_n have_v be_v marshal_v a_o thousand_o deep_a for_o than_o he_o have_v soon_o destroy_v it_o as_o i_o have_v tell_v you_o in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o grecian_a art_n of_o war._n yet_o xenophon_n tell_v we_o that_o these_o egyptian_n fight_v best_a of_o any_o of_o croesus_n his_o army_n yea_o so_o long_o till_o they_o have_v fair_a quarter_n give_v they_o and_o withal_o he_o inform_v we_o that_o cyrus_n his_o own_o army_n his_o foot_n i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v be_v marshal_v 24_o deep_a and_o that_o be_v eight_o more_o than_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o modern_a way_n of_o embattel_v and_o marshal_n army_n as_o all_o army_n be_v marshal_v according_a to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o those_o who_o command_v they_o so_o their_o pleasure_n often_o be_v and_o ever_o shall_v be_v over_o rule_v by_o the_o circumstance_n of_o time_n the_o posture_n of_o the_o enemy_n they_o have_v to_o do_v with_o the_o wether_n the_o sun_n the_o wind_n and_o the_o ground_n on_o which_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v if_o the_o general_n find_v by_o his_o foreparty_n or_o vancourier_n that_o his_o enemy_n be_v before_o he_o draw_v up_o in_o battle_n ready_a to_o receive_v he_o he_o will_v do_v himself_o a_o injury_n to_o march_v forward_o for_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v fancy_v that_o his_o adversary_n will_v be_v so_o courteous_a as_o to_o permit_v he_o to_o marshal_v his_o army_n but_o will_v take_v his_o advantage_n and_o fall_v upon_o he_o before_o he_o can_v draw_v up_o his_o van_n especial_o if_o his_o march_n have_v be_v through_o any_o close_a or_o strait_a country_n and_o in_o such_o a_o condition_n as_o that_o a_o generals_z wit_n a_o general_n shall_v have_v a_o ready_a wit_n own_o ready_a wit_n and_o resolution_n must_v serve_v he_o for_o counsellor_n for_o there_o will_v be_v no_o time_n give_v he_o to_o call_v a_o council_n of_o war._n but_o we_o speak_v now_o of_o embattel_v army_n when_o general_n have_v half_a the_o choice_n of_o the_o ground_n the_o manner_n be_v in_o many_o place_n and_o still_o be_v in_o some_o to_o marshal_v army_n in_o three_o distinct_a body_n one_o behind_o another_o the_o first_o be_v call_v the_o vanguard_n the_o second_o the_o battle_n the_o three_o the_o rearguard_n but_o several_a time_n every_o one_o body_n army_n marshal_v in_o three_o distinct_a body_n of_o those_o consist_v of_o three_o body_n likewise_o these_o be_v two_o wing_n of_o horse_n and_o one_o body_n of_o foot_n and_o when_o they_o march_v these_o three_o great_a body_n be_v call_v the_o van_n battle_n and_o rear_n their_o proper_a title_n be_v to_o be_v call_v so_o when_o they_o march_v for_o many_o time_n when_o they_o draw_v up_o in_o order_n of_o battle_n it_o be_v in_o one_o breast_n and_o then_o the_o horse_n be_v divide_v in_o two_o wing_n and_o the_o foot_n make_v the_o battle_n this_o be_v do_v when_o the_o ground_n be_v very_o spacious_a and_o to_o prevent_v surround_v otherwise_o army_n seldom_o fight_v but_o in_o two_o battle_n if_o not_o in_o three_o but_o as_o i_o say_v time_n ground_n the_o power_n of_o a_o enemy_n minister_v occasion_n to_o a_o commander_n of_o a_o army_n to_o alter_v the_o ordinary_a custom_n and_o frame_v a_o new_a method_n of_o his_o own_o to_o serve_v he_o for_o that_o opportunity_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o one_o instance_n and_o that_o of_o a_o mighty_a army_n marshal_v as_o few_o before_o it_o have_v be_v and_o i_o believe_v none_o since_o it_o be_v that_o which_o charles_n the_o five_o and_o his_o brother_n king_n ferdinand_n have_v at_o vienna_n when_o they_o look_v for_o sultan_n soliman_n the_o ground_n be_v very_o spacious_a and_o though_o their_o number_n be_v very_o great_a yet_o those_o of_o the_o turk_n be_v vienna_n how_o the_o mighty_a army_n of_o the_o emperor_n charâ—es_v the_o five_o be_v marshal_v at_o vienna_n very_o much_o beyond_o they_o and_o they_o fear_v to_o be_v out-winged_a by_o his_o numerous_a horse_n the_o order_n of_o their_o battle_n be_v to_o be_v this_o if_o they_o have_v fight_v they_o have_v sixty_o thousand_o arm_v with_o pike_n halberd_n partisan_n and_o other_o long_a staff_n these_o be_v divide_v in_o three_o great_a batallion_n each_o of_o twenty_o thousand_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n stand_v one_o of_o they_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n the_o second_o and_o the_o three_o in_o the_o middle_n there_o be_v about_o six_o or_o seven_o thousand_o harquebusier_n on_o foot_n to_o attend_v each_o of_o these_o great_a batallion_n of_o pike_n who_o be_v to_o have_v several_a little_a interval_n through_o which_o these_o harquebusier_n be_v to_o sally_n and_o fire_n incessant_o before_o the_o grand_a batallion_n till_o they_o shall_v be_v necessitate_v to_o retire_v through_o these_o same_o interval_n to_o the_o rear_n and_o then_o the_o pike_n be_v immediate_o to_o close_v and_o fill_v up_o those_o void_a place_n these_o three_o great_a batallion_n separate_v one_o from_o another_o make_v two_o great_a interval_n in_o each_o of_o which_o stand_v fifteen_o thousand_o horse_n here_o than_o you_o see_v upon_o the_o matter_n one_o of_o the_o brave_a army_n of_o christian_n that_o ever_o be_v marshal_v in_o one_o front_n without_o reserve_v only_o some_o thousand_o of_o man_n be_v order_v to_o guard_v the_o baggage_n and_o munition_n scarce_o read_v of_o before_o or_o since_o here_o you_o see_v the_o pikeman_n make_v the_o wing_n whereas_o both_o before_o and_o since_o they_o make_v the_o body_n here_o you_o see_v the_o firemen_n marshal_v behind_o and_o ordain_v to_o fally_o from_o their_o station_n and_o do_v their_o service_n in_o the_o van_n and_o then_o to_o retire_v to_o their_o place_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o ancient_a graecian_a and_o roman_a velite_n and_o not_o marshal_v on_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o pike_n and_o here_o you_o see_v the_o horse_n who_o before_o that_o time_n and_o since_o make_v the_o wing_n of_o a_o army_n make_v now_o the_o body_n of_o it_o strong_o flank_v with_o pike_n this_o be_v the_o inversion_n of_o former_a ordinance_n of_o war_n be_v then_o think_v necessary_a to_o prevent_v the_o surround_v and_o the_o impetuosity_n of_o the_o turk_n numerous_a cavalry_n army_n for_o most_o part_n now_o be_v marshal_v in_o two_o distinct_a body_n the_o vanguard_n and_o the_o arreer-guard_n which_o be_v common_o call_v battle_n and_o reserve_n but_o it_o be_v not_o only_o difficult_a but_o pure_o impossible_a for_o any_o the_o most_o experience_a general_n to_o set_v down_o any_o one_o certain_a rule_n or_o order_n whereby_o he_o may_v constant_o reserve_n battle_n and_o reserve_n keep_v one_o manner_n of_o marshal_v or_o one_o form_n of_o battle_n as_o it_o be_v call_v forma_fw-la aciei_fw-la though_o he_o can_v be_v assure_v that_o his_o regiment_n or_o brigade_n of_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n shall_v constant_o continue_v of_o one_o strength_n since_o the_o place_n situation_n house_n village_n castle_n hill_n valley_n rise_v height_n hollow_a ground_n water_n wood_n bush_n tree_n and_o marsh_n do_v occasion_n such_o alteration_n as_o make_v the_o form_n or_o mould_n of_o a_o army_n cast_v in_o one_o place_n change_v so_o much_o as_o you_o shall_v not_o know_v the_o face_n of_o it_o on_o another_o piece_n of_o ground_n perhaps_o not_o above_o one_o or_o two_o hour_n march_v from_o the_o former_a and_o in_o this_o as_o i_o say_v before_o the_o general_n be_v to_o act_v his_o part_n and_o take_v such_o advantage_n as_o he_o may_v and_o ready_o possess_v himself_o of_o such_o place_n which_o be_v in_o the_o enemy_n power_n may_v do_v he_o prejudice_v one_o of_o his_o great_a care_n in_o embattel_v will_v be_v to_o secure_v both_o his_o â—attel_n flank_n of_o a_o army_n to_o be_v well_o secure_v in_o â—attel_n flank_n which_o be_v call_v the_o right_a and_o left_a hand_n of_o his_o army_n with_o some_o river_n brook_n ditch_n dike_n or_o retrenchment_n if_o these_o can_v be_v so_o ready_o get_v than_o he_o may_v do_v it_o with_o the_o wagon_n or_o baggage_n of_o his_o army_n for_o in_o time_n of-battel_n it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a for_o a_o batallion_n or_o
equilateral_a work_n of_o four_o side_n and_o four_o angle_n for_o most_o part_n equilateral_a each_o side_n 40_o 50_o or_o 60._o foot_n long_o and_o sometime_o but_o very_o seldom_o redouts_o be_v build_v of_o a_o oblong_a figure_n and_o then_o the_o long_a side_n may_v be_v of_o 120_o 100_o and_o the_o short_a one_o a_o oblong_a one_o 40_o 50_o or_o 60._o foot_n from_o that_o redout_n another_o approach_n run_v 5_o 6_o or_o 700._o foot_n long_o to_o the_o other_o hand_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o at_o the_o end_n thereof_o another_o redout_n or_o battery_n shall_v be_v make_v from_o whence_o begin_v the_o three_o run_v line_n to_o that_o hand_n that_o the_o first_o trench_n do_v run_v and_o so_o alternate_o till_o battery_n be_v make_v and_o the_o zap_n begin_v observe_v that_o the_o ground_n without_o on_o which_o the_o approach_n be_v to_o be_v make_v be_v divide_v by_o the_o general_n appointment_n into_o several_a post_n the_o approach_n whereof_o to_o the_o besiege_a 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their_o charge_n and_o inspection_n belong_v the_o approach_n shall_v think_v fit_a some_o of_o these_o sconce_n shall_v be_v make_v which_o common_o be_v call_v battery_n for_o proper_o a_o battery_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o battery_n a_o battery_n the_o platform_n on_o which_o the_o ordnance_n stand_v which_o be_v also_o call_v the_o bed_n of_o the_o cannon_n and_o on_o these_o battery_n such_o piece_n be_v plant_v as_o be_v think_v necessary_a ordinary_o whole_a and_o demi-cannon_n and_o whole_a and_o demi-culverine_n in_o make_v these_o redout_n &_o trench_n consideration_n shall_v be_v have_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v dig_v if_o it_o be_v good_a black_a earth_n it_o will_v serve_v without_o help_n for_o breast-work_n but_o if_o not_o then_o must_v basket_n be_v make_v and_o fill_v with_o earth_n or_o sand_n compact_o but_o whether_o the_o breast-work_n be_v of_o earth_n or_o make_v of_o gabion_n it_o be_v necessary_a it_o be_v ten_o or_o twelve_o foot_n thick_a if_o the_o ground_n be_v marish_a no_o doubt_n it_o will_v basket_n gabion_n and_o basket_n exceed_o retard_v the_o approach_n for_o wooden_a pall_v must_v be_v strike_v in_o the_o earth_n and_o with_o 's_o straw_n and_o rubbish_n lay_v upon_o they_o for_o a_o foundation_n to_o a_o battery_n and_o upon_o the_o battery_n gabion_n and_o basket_n fill_v with_o earth_n as_o be_v do_v by_o prince_n henry_n of_o orange_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o the_o busch_n and_o there_o he_o be_v well_o help_v in_o that_o marish_a ground_n by_o a_o dry_a summer_n where_o a_o run_a serpentine_a some_o run_a trench_n direct_v some_o oblique_a some_o serpentine_a trench_n be_v make_v if_o the_o ground_n be_v tolerable_o good_a and_o yet_o marish_a on_o both_o side_n it_o must_v be_v make_v in_o a_o straight_a and_o direct_a line_n and_o not_o a_o oblique_a one_o as_o the_o other_o whereof_o i_o speak_v and_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o soldier_n there_o must_v be_v blind_v and_o the_o trench_n itself_o shall_v be_v two_o foot_n deep_o than_o a_o approach_n which_o be_v either_o crooked_a or_o serpentine_a when_o the_o approach_n be_v bring_v near_o the_o ditch_n of_o the_o besiege_a place_n the_o counter-scarp_a which_o be_v the_o shield_n of_o the_o fortress_n be_v in_o danger_n and_o then_o the_o zappe_n begin_v this_o sappe_n or_o zappe_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o dig_v as_o all_o call_v zappe_n why_o so_o call_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o approach_n be_v but_o man_n have_v appropriate_v it_o to_o that_o dig_v which_o be_v near_o to_o or_o in_o the_o counter-scarp_a we_o have_v borrow_v it_o from_o the_o italian_a in_o which_o language_n zappa_n signify_v a_o mattock_n zapare_v to_o dig_v or_o delve_v and_o zappamento_n a_o dig_v or_o delve_v the_o sappe_n then_o begin_v at_o both_o side_n or_o face_n of_o the_o bulwark_n towards_o which_o the_o approach_n have_v be_v make_v sometime_o but_o on_o one_o side_n the_o soldier_n zappe_n under_o favour_n of_o the_o canon_n which_o shall_v play_v lusty_o from_o the_o several_a battery_n and_o of_o the_o musketeer_n who_o shall_v incessant_o fire_v upon_o the_o flank_n and_o parapet_n of_o the_o bastion_n from_o both_o battery_n and_o redout_n the_o manner_n of_o sap_v be_v this_o against_o that_o part_n zappe_n the_o manner_n of_o a_o zappe_n of_o the_o bulwark_n which_o the_o besieger_n intend_v to_o undermine_v which_o ordinary_o be_v the_o capital_a point_n or_o that_o angle_n that_o couple_v the_o two_o face_n of_o the_o bastion_n one_o man_n kneel_v or_o bow_v digs_z three_o foot_n deep_a and_o three_o foot_n broad_a throw_v the_o earth_n both_o before_o and_o on_o both_o side_n of_o he_o and_o still_o advance_v another_o follow_v he_o close_o and_o make_v it_o three_o foot_n broad_a and_o deep_a if_o the_o ground_n permit_v it_o to_o he_o succeed_v the_o three_o who_o add_v three_o foot_n more_o to_o the_o depth_n and_o breadth_n so_o that_o a_o man_n may_v walk_v cover_v in_o this_o manner_n the_o zapper_n be_v often_o relieve_v by_o turn_n the_o zap_n be_v continue_v till_o they_o have_v dig_v through_o the_o counterscarp_n which_o must_v be_v do_v though_o it_o be_v line_v with_o stone_n and_o mortar_n otherwise_o all_o their_o labour_n be_v lose_v when_o this_o be_v finish_v the_o besieger_n be_v to_o fight_v with_o the_o two_o merciless_a enemy_n and_o element_n of_o fire_n and_o water_n the_o first_o from_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o fort_n the_o second_o from_o the_o ditch_n over_o which_o they_o must_v be_v before_o they_o come_v to_o the_o wall_n for_o do_v whereof_o all_o the_o earth_n and_o rubbish_n that_o have_v be_v cast_v out_o in_o zap_v must_v be_v cast_v in_o moat_n how_o to_o fill_v the_o moat_n the_o foss_n and_o with_o it_o a_o world_n of_o fascines_n which_o be_v bundle_n or_o knitchel_n of_o the_o twig_n and_o small_a branch_n of_o tree_n in_o every_o one_o whereof_o shall_v be_v sâ—oâ—es_n to_o make_v they_o sink_v they_o shall_v be_v six_o or_o seven_o foot_n long_o for_o this_o reason_n at_o sieges_n soldier_n when_o they_o be_v not_o on_o other_o duty_n be_v order_v to_o make_v many_o thousand_o of_o they_o there_o must_v likewise_o use_v be_v make_v of_o great_a log_n of_o timber_n great_a stone_n and_o sack_n full_a of_o sand_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o that_o may_v be_v think_v fit_v to_o fill_v the_o ditch_n and_o this_o be_v continue_v without_o intermission_n your_o ordnance_n and_o musket_n fire_v incessant_o on_o the_o flank_n and_o parapet_n of_o the_o besiege_a till_o a_o dam_n be_v make_v to_o the_o place_n you_o will_v be_v at_o suppose_v it_o be_v that_o angle_n of_o a_o bulwark_n i_o just_a now_o speak_v of_o because_o it_o have_v no_o other_o defence_n but_o from_o that_o part_n of_o the_o curtain_n which_o be_v call_v the_o second_o flank_n which_o for_o that_o reason_n the_o besieger_n shall_v make_v as_o useless_a as_o may_v be_v with_o cannon_n and_o culverin_n observe_v in_o pass_v since_o you_o be_v pass_v over_o the_o ditch_n that_o if_o there_o be_v any_o casemate_n as_o now_o they_o be_v not_o much_o use_v they_o must_v be_v destroy_v before_o the_o casemate_n casemate_n dam_n be_v begin_v upon_o this_o dam_n whiâ—h_o must_v run_v more_o to_o one_o side_n of_o the_o angle_n than_o the_o other_o that_o so_o it_o may_v be_v subject_a but_o to_o one_o flank_n a_o gallery_n gallery_n a_o gallery_n must_v be_v make_v the_o one_o side_n whereof_o which_o be_v in_o great_a danger_n must_v according_a to_o the_o damage_n it_o be_v to_o expect_v from_o the_o artillery_n be_v seven_o eight_o nine_o or_o ten_o foot_n thick_a of_o strong_a balk_n couple_v together_o in_o manner_n of_o a_o gallow_n cover_v above_o with_o board_n above_o which_o be_v to_o be_v lay_v earth_n three_o foot_n thick_a
to_o beat_v a_o enemy_n out_o after_o he_o have_v come_v over_o the_o wall_n confuse_o this_o interval_n all_o ancient_a town_n have_v and_o they_o call_v it_o pomaerium_fw-la for_o they_o have_v two_o of_o they_o one_o before_z or_o without_o and_o another_o within_o the_o wall_n three_o if_o the_o horse_n be_v call_v to_o the_o shambles_n which_o in_o sieges_n be_v no_o extraordinary_a case_n the_o horseman_n may_v either_o have_v a_o post_n give_v they_o to_o defend_v or_o they_o may_v be_v divide_v among_o the_o foot_n when_o count_n nauso_n about_o one_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o year_n ago_o a_o imperial_a general_n storm_v peronne_n after_o a_o great_a breach_n make_v in_o the_o wall_n of_o it_o he_o be_v beat_v off_o by_o the_o french_a gens_n d'arm_v belong_v to_o the_o lord_n florenge_n who_o leave_v their_o horse_n and_o in_o full_a harness_n with_o pike_n partisan_n and_o halberd_n maintain_v the_o breach_n two_o hour_n till_o they_o be_v relieve_v and_o i_o have_v see_v myself_o horseman_n alight_v from_o their_o horse_n to_o storm_n with_o the_o foot_n the_o estimate_n of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o foot_n for_o maintain_v a_o fortify_v place_n against_o a_o siege_n must_v be_v take_v from_o the_o circuit_n of_o it_o some_o will_v have_v for_o every_o bulwark_n of_o the_o great_a royal_a fortification_n one_o thousand_o soldier_n and_o for_o the_o lesser_a royal_a eight_o hundred_o mean_v still_o beside_o the_o inhabitant_n other_o four_z or_o five_o hundred_o soldier_n enough_o with_o the_o citizen_n but_o since_o we_o know_v not_o what_o the_o number_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n will_v be_v such_o i_o mean_v as_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v arm_n or_o whether_o they_o may_v be_v trust_v or_o not_o we_o must_v cast_v up_o our_o account_n without_o they_o some_o therefore_o will_v have_v for_o every_o ten_o foot_n of_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o whole_a fort_n six_o soldier_n but_o other_o think_v one_o soldier_n enough_o for_o two_o foot_n and_o so_o five_o soldier_n for_o ten_o ground_n how_o many_o man_n requisite_a to_o maintain_v ten_o foot_n of_o ground_n foot_n of_o ground_n if_o this_o calculation_n hold_v for_o all_o the_o outwork_n counterscarp_n and_o fause_n bray_v as_o well_o as_o for_o the_o fort_n itself_o than_o it_o can_v hardly_o be_v deny_v i_o that_o the_o whole_a infantry_n of_o a_o army_n royal_a will_v be_v few_o enough_o to_o maintain_v a_o lesser_a royal_a fortification_n of_o ten_o bastion_n common_o call_v a_o decagon_n but_o let_v we_o speak_v only_o of_o the_o fort_n itself_o and_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v a_o octogon_n that_o be_v a_o town_n fortify_v with_o eight_o bastion_n a_o great_a number_n than_o which_o our_o late_a engineer_n require_v not_o in_o regular_a fortification_n though_o there_o be_v some_o to_o be_v see_v of_o ten_o some_o twelve_o and_o some_o more_o bulwark_n we_o be_v first_o to_o see_v of_o how_o many_o foot_n of_o circumference_n our_o octogon_n will_v be_v we_o shall_v appoint_v every_o curtain_n of_o this_o fort_n to_o be_v five_o hundred_o foot_n long_o a_o engineer_n may_v make_v it_o short_a or_o long_o as_o he_o please_v by_o this_o account_n eight_o curtain_n take_v four_o thousand_o foot_n every_o flank_n shall_v have_v the_o allowance_n of_o one_o hundred_o foot_n and_o there_o be_v sixteen_o flank_n in_o our_o fort_n they_o require_v sixteen_o hundred_o foot_n for_o the_o face_n of_o every_o bulwark_n shall_v be_v allow_v three_o hundred_o foot_n and_o there_o be_v sixteen_o face_n in_o the_o fort_n they_o must_v have_v four_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o foot_n add_v these_o three_o number_n 4000_o 1600_o and_o 4800_o the_o aggregate_v will_v be_v 10400_o foot_n allow_v then_o one_o soldier_n to_o maintain_v two_o foot_n of_o ground_n of_o this_o town_n you_o shall_v need_v 5200_o man_n but_o if_o you_o will_v allow_v six_o soldier_n to_o every_o ten_o foot_n of_o ground_n than_o you_o must_v have_v 6120_o foot_n soldier_n to_o maintain_v this_o octogon_n without_o mention_v octogon_n how_o many_o requisite_a to_o defend_v a_o octogon_n any_o of_o its_o outwork_n and_o how_o necessary_a these_o be_v i_o shall_v not_o offer_v to_o dispute_v since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o long_o a_o enemy_n can_v be_v keep_v from_o the_o principal_a fort_n he_o be_v at_o the_o great_a loss_n of_o time_n man_n munition_n and_o expense_n and_o consequent_o the_o long_a time_n be_v gain_v to_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n to_o who_o the_o besiege_a place_n belong_v to_o provide_v for_o its_o relief_n but_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n many_o outwork_n require_v many_o man_n to_o maintain_v they_o many_o man_n require_v much_o meat_n and_o the_o short_a time_n meat_n last_v the_o soon_o will_v the_o outer-work_n outer-work_n fort_n give_v over_o beside_o the_o moulder_a away_o of_o man_n in_o outwork_n huge_o weaken_v the_o defence_n of_o the_o fort_n itself_o neither_o be_v these_o outwork_n of_o a_o old_a date_n if_o it_o be_v true_a what_o cardinal_n bentivoglio_n say_v that_o maurice_n prince_n of_o orange_n first_o add_v they_o to_o fortification_n i_o dare_v not_o believe_v this_o for_o i_o suppose_v it_o be_v not_o above_o sixty_o four_o year_n since_o maurice_n be_v captain_n general_n of_o a_o army_n but_o if_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o octogon_n of_o we_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n for_o who_o the_o fort_n hold_v out_o and_o more_o especial_o if_o they_o be_v of_o that_o fort._n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o fort._n same_o persuasion_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n with_o the_o garrison_n soldier_n than_o few_o soldier_n will_v serve_v perhaps_o by_o half_a for_o those_o burgess_n within_o the_o wall_n will_v fight_v stout_o for_o their_o wife_n child_n good_n and_o liberty_n which_o be_v pro_fw-la aris_fw-la &_o focis_fw-la but_o if_o neither_o of_o these_o be_v and_o that_o the_o citizen_n be_v to_o be_v mistrust_v the_o governor_n have_v to_o do_v with_o a_o double_a 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