to deliver somewhat of Concernment to the Soldier But if any one have a desire to be farther satisfied concerning Distance let them read Barriffe Ward Ven and Elton who have sufficiently treated of this Subject at large it being my design only to model an Exercise with as much abreviation as possible being it is only intended a Pocket-Book for the benefit of the young Soldier CHAP. XII BEfore I come to shew the variety of Facings in the Action I think it will not be amiss to define unto you what is meant by Facing Facing is a particular turning of the Aspect from one part to another whereby the Front proper becomes the Front accidental and a Front accidental may be reduced to his proper Front The words of Command take as followeth Command Face to the Right Left Reer Front Center or midst As you were Command Face to the Front and Reer Right and left outward Right and left inward Midst of Files Midst of Ranks As you were Command To the Right Right Right Right Right about Left about As you were Command To the Left Left Left Left Left about Right about As you were Command Half Files Face to the Right Left Right and left outward Right about Left about Right and left inward As you were There is also a Facing which causeth the Body to Face to the Front Reer and both Flanks which some call Facing square of which I will prick some few Figures of Facings which will be sufficient to demonstrate all the rest to an ingenious fancy Command Face square and March The Direction is Two first Ranks stand the two last Ranks Face about the rest of the Body Face to right and left then March all Proper Front Front accidental Front of the Reer When your Soldiers begin any Motion let them Advance their Pikes and Shoulder their Muskets Now to reduce this Figure to its first Order Command Face all about to the Right March and Close your Divisions To your Leader who stands at the proper Front To Face Square another way and March upon it Command Face Square and March The Direction is Muskettiers Face to both Flanks half Files of Pikes Face to the Right about March all Now you must understand when the Command is Half Files it is always to be understood the Reer half Files otherwise the word Front half Files is commanded Proper Front Front of the Reer To reduce this Figure to its former Order Command Face all to the Right about March and Close your Divisions To your Leader and they are reduced Take another Figure of Battel produced by Facing Command The two first Ranks stand the rest Face outward and move clear of the standing part The two last Ranks move outward sideways two Paces To your Leader They may give Fire to the Front or to the Reer or to both Flanks or to all four at once falling in the Reer of their own Divisions this according as the Captain pleaseth to Command Command Front Division advance forward three paces the two next Divisions move outwards one pace Pikes in each Division face about and move two paces to your Leader Divisions of Muskettiers in the Reer advance forward and range even in Front and Reer with the middle Divisions of Pikes the first Rank of Pikes in the front Division move three foot clear of the standing part They may give Fire in the Front or in the Reer or to both Flanks or to all four at once Command The first and last Rank of the first Division of Pikes Face about and move down clear of the Reer and close Ranks forward to Order Outmost Divisions of Muskettiers face about move down and slank your own Divisions of Pikes The first Division of Pikes move forward and range even a Breast with your own Division of Muskettiers The front Division of Muskettiers close into the midst to Order As for firing upon any of these Figures the Captain may use his own discretion either to Front Reer or both Flanks or to all at once Command The outmost Divisions face outward and move two paces Face to your Leader Move up until you range even a Breast with the second Divisions next the Front Reer Division move streight forward two paces Command Front Division advance forward three paces The outmost Division upon the Flanks move up and range even with the Front DIRECTION For the first Firing upon this Figure let them all face to the Reer and the middle Division of Muskettiers move forwards and flank the Reer Division of Pikes After let all the Muskettiers advance forwards three Foot clear of their own Divisions of Pikes and give Fire falling in the Reer of themselves and after facing about move into their places again The second Firing may be to both Flanks or to all four as the Commander pleaseth falling in the Reer of themselves The third Firing Let the Muskettiers upon the Flanks move down even with the Reer and give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after move up into their places again and face to their Leader The fourth Firing Let them Fire on the Ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves and the Pikes in the Reer may Charge on and after facing to their Leader You may proceed to the next Command which will be as followeth Command The outmost Divisions face inward and march three paces The next two Divisions face outward and move two paces To your Leader Reer Division move outward until you stand streight with the front Divisions You must note That the Front and Reer Divisions of Muskettiers by Firing have interchang'd Ground which causes this Reducement Front Divisions face about Front and Reer Divisions march and interchange Ground To your Leader The outmost Divisions face inward and close your Divisions To your Leader Even your Ranks and streighten your Files and close to Order They are reduced CHAP. XIII NOW our Soldiers being somewhat expert in the true use and handling of their Arms and likewise in the several Beats of the Drum together with the Distances Facings and other Dignities of Place thereunto belonging it will be convenient to draw them into the Field but it will be convenient to shew 1. How to march a Company to the Field 2. How to draw them up into a Body Lastly To instruct them in the several Doublings Counter-marches and Wheelings All which shall be performed by six days Exercise every days Exercise being digested into several Figures and Forms of Battel with their several ways of Firing Doubling Counter-marches and Wheeling upon every Form and Figure of Battel Of Marching a Company in Divisions The Order and Places of the Officers and Drums IN Marching the Officers are to observe the Ranks to be at 12 Foot distance and that the Files be closed to Open Order The Soldiers must always begin to march with their right Foot first which is observed to conduce most to the keeping of due Order in Ranks The Captain is
and after close March Note Every even Rank from the Front face outward and double the odd March Next follows to shew some Divisional Doublings by the same C. Double your Ranks to the right and left by Division March R. The outmost Files upon each Flank that moved face inward and strengthen the Body March C. Double your Ranks to the right and left by Division every Man placing himself on the outside of his right and left hand Man March R. The outmost Files upon each Flank that moved double the inmost Files to the right and left inward every Man placing himself on the inside of his right and left hand Men. March C. Half Files double your Front by Division March Half Files face outwards and march clear of the Body face to your Leader move up and double the Front R. The outmost Files upon each Flank that moved double entire the depth of the inmost Files March Entire Doublings to the Front by Wheelings C. Wheel off your Reer half Files and double your Front to the right entire March Half Files face about and wheel to the left R. Wheel off your Right half Ranks and double your left Flank entire to the left C. Wheel off your Reer half Files and double your Front to the left entire Face outward and Left half Ranks wheel about to the left R. Wheel off your Left half Ranks and double your right Flank to the right entire C. Wheel your Reer half Files inward into the midst and double your Front inward entire March R. The inmost Files that doubled wheel about to the right and left outward and double entire the depth of the outmost Files after face to your Leader and close Files to the midst to order Divisional Doubling to the Front by Wheeling C. Wheel off your Reer half Files and double your Front by Division March R. The outmost Files upon each Flank that doubled wheel about to the right and left inward and double entire the depth of the inmost Files face to your Leader March CHAP. XV. Of Conversion and Inversion with some few words of Command and Reducements THE difference betwixt Inversion and Conversion is this Inversion doth always produce File or Files and Conversion Rank or Ranks Inversion consists of Files filing or of Ranks filing Conversion of Ranks ranking to the right or to the left or by increase of Files ranking by even or uneven parts Note That what is commanded to the Right the same may be performed to the Left The words of Command for Inversion are as followeth C. Files file to the right R. Files file six to the left C. Files file to the right and left by Division R. Files file six to the right and left C. Files file to the right entire advancing R. File six to the right towards the Front C. Files file inward into the right Flank The right hand File stands the rest move away placing themselves in a direct File before the Front R. Front half Files file three to the left Reer half Files face about and file three to the right face to your Leader and close your Divisions C. Files file to the right by Division R. Front half Files file three to the right and Reer half Files face about and file three to the left face to your Leader and close your Divisions C. Files file inward into the right and left Flank by Division R. Half Files face about to the right Front and Reer half Files file three to the right and left inwards face to your Leader and close your Divisions For filing inward the half Files are to face about and so the left hand File of the Reer and right of the Front are to move away 'till they become one File Filing by Division is the same only the right hand File stands the rest move away Filing inward into the right Flank by Division half Files are to face about then the File-Leaders and Bringers up of the right and left are to lead and so successively fall into the Reer of each other Of Ranks filing Ranks filing is sooner performed and reduced than Files filing and will be more ready to make resistance against any opposition in the Front C. Ranks file to the right or to the left placing your selves behind your right hand Men. Direction If they be upon a stand they may open to their distance each Ranke and so place themselves behind their right hand Men. If upon a March as to pass some narrow Defile the readiest way to perform it and draw up in order again as soon as past is to make the Ranks file if to the right the right hand Man files first and the rest of his Rank follow him 'till the Defile be past For larger Defiles the Commander draws off as he judges the way will easily receive R. Files rank as you were C. Ranks file to the right and left by Division Tacticks of Aelian c. 30. p. 6. Direction It is the same with the last differing only in this the half Ranks to the left fall behind their left hand Men to the left the half Ranks to the right behind their several right hand Men. R. Files rank to the right and left inward as you were The words of Command for Conversion are as followeth C. Files rank three to the right Direction In this Motion the File-Leader is first to move to the Hand commanded and the half File-Leader is to advance the same way R. Ranks file as you were C. Files rank six to the left March Direction In this Motion close Ranks forward to order and open Files to double Distance then let every Man in his File move up to the left of his File-Leader so every File will become one Rank This if the Company be small will make it seem more large Battalion like C. Ranks rank outward into the Front Direction The first Rank stand the rest face outward placing your selves successively into the Front after face to your Leader R. Ranks rank twelve to the right and left inward as you were C. Ranks rank inward into the Front The twelve middlemost men stand which is the first Rank the rest move successively after the first Rank Direction The first Rank is to move away to the right and left the next Rank moving up into his ground doing the like and so all the rest until the last Rank be come up entire into the Front R. Ranks rank six to the right and left outward Direction The first six upon the right and the first six upon the left stand the rest move outward falling in the Reer of the first Rank ranking six to the right and left and after closing their Divisions C. Files rank to the right into the Front Direction Open to the left to your double Distance and Ranks close forward to close Order and move up to the right into the Front R. Ranks file six to the left Direction To perform which the first six upon the left
only the Ground-work of all Exercise but it is a means whereby many are brought in to be true Lovers of Military Exercise as being well pleased with the sight thereof which being performed every File-Leader ought to lead up his File and to joyn into a Body upon expectation of farther Command from his Captain who being at the Head of the Company commands Silence the Officers being all at their several Posts he may proceed to instruct them in their several Distances and Facings which being performed the next thing requisite will be to gratifie the deserving Soldier who earnestly desires to understand his place of Dignity and Honour To perform which the Captain Commands as followeth CHAP. XXI A Doubling to make every Man a File-Leader by Dignity C. HAlf Files double your Front to the left Files double to the right entire advancing every Man placing himself before his Leader This Doubling causes the Bringers up to become the File-Leaders being second Man in Dignity C. Front half Files double your Reer to the left Double your Files to the left entire advancing every Man placing himself before his Leader This Doubling makes the half File-Leaders of the Reer half Files to become the File-Leaders being the third Man in Dignity C. Bringers up double your Front to the right Files double your Depth to the right every Man falling behind his Bringer up This Doubling causes the Bringers up of the Front half Files to become the File-Leaders being the fourth in Dignity C. Half Files double your Front to the right Files double to the left entire advancing Files to the right double Files to the right double This Doubling causes the second Rank to become the File-Leaders being the fifth in Dignity C. Bringers up double your Front to the left Files double your Depth to the left every Man falling behind his Bringer up This Doubling causes the Rank next before the Bringers up to become the File-Leaders and are the sixth and last in Dignity R. Ranks to the left double Files to the left double And they are reduced The Soldiers being satisfied now they know each his place of Dignity the Captain may proceed to shew these Doublings or such other as the time will permit and he shall think convenient CHAP. XXII Eighteen several Doublings with their Reducements C. HAlf Files double your Front to the left C. Double your Files to the right entire advancing C. Front half Files double your Reer to the right entire C. Left half Ranks double your right Flank to the left Direction Face all to the right and left half Ranks move forward and double your right Flank to the left To your Leader C. Double your Ranks to the left entire C. Right half Ranks double your left Flank entire advancing C. Left half Ranks double your right Flank inward entire Direction Half Files of the right half Ranks face about right half Ranks move clear of the standing part face all to the right Left half Ranks move forward into the right Flank to your Leader C. The three first and the three last Ranks double the six middlemost entire to the left Flank Direction The three first and the three last face to the left march clear of the standing part face inward move and close your Divisions to your Leader C. Right half Ranks double your left Flank to the right Direction Face all to the left and right half Ranks move forwards and double your left Flank to the right to your Leader C. Double your Ranks to the right entire C. Right half Ranks double your left Flank inward entire C. The three first and the three last Ranks double the six middlemost Ranks entire to the right Flank C. Left half Ranks double your right Flank entire advancing C. Front half Files double your Reer to the left entire C. Half Files double your Front to the right C. Double your Files to the left entire advancing every Man placing himself before his Leader C. Front half Files double your Reer to the right following your Leaders Direction Half Files face about File-Leaders turn off to the left and move down upon the right of the Reer the rest following successively to your Leader C. Files double your Depth to the left entire and they are reduced being faced to their Leader CHAP. XXIII Twelve several Countermarches with their Reducements C. FIles to the right hand Countermarch losing ground C. Ranks to the right hand Countermarch losing ground Direction Face all to the right C. Front and Reer half Files interchange ground Direction Front half Files face about to the left C. Right and Left half Ranks interchange ground Direction Face inward C. File-Leaders face about the rest pass through to the right and place your selves behind your Leaders face to the Front C. Countermarch your Front and Reer into the midst C. Countermarch your Flanks into the midst face outward C. File-Leaders and Half File-Leaders stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves before your Leaders and Half File-Leaders Direction The second Rank from the Front and from the Half File-Leaders are to begin the Motion C. The outmost File upon the right and the second File from the left stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves on the outside of your right hand Men. C. Files to the left hand Countermarch losing ground C. Front and Reer half Files Countermarch to the right Direction Front and Reer half Files turn off distinctly by your selves on the ground you stand face to your Leader C. Right and Left half Ranks Countermarch to the right Direction Face to the right and right and left half Ranks turn off distinctly to the right face to your Leader and they are reduced CHAP. XXIV Twelve several Wheelings with their Reducements C. VVHeel your Reer half Files inward into the midst and double the Front inward entire Direction Right and Left half Ranks open from the midst to double Distance Reer half Files face about and wheel your Reer inward into the midst moving forward doubling the Front inward entire C. Wheel off your Right half Ranks and double your left Flank to the left entire Direction Face outward Right half Ranks wheel about to the right and double your left Flank to the left to your Leader C. Right and Left half Ranks double the length of your Battel by wheeling outward into the Front Direction Face outward and Right half Ranks wheel to the left and Left half Ranks wheel to the right and after close Files into the midst to order C. Wheel off your Right half Ranks and double your left Flank by Division Direction Face outward Right half Ranks wheel about to the right and left outward moving forward and doubling the left Flank to the right and left outward C. Wheel your Left half Ranks inward into the right Flank Direction Face outward and open from the midst to double Distance the Front and Reer half Files and after the Left half Ranks
C. Double your Files to the left entire advancing every Man placing himself before his Leader C. Double your Ranks to the right entire every Man placing himself on the outside of his right hand Man C. Right half Ranks double your left Flank every Man placing himself on the inside of his left hand Man C. Double your Ranks to the left entire every Man placing himself on the outside of his left hand Man C. Left half Ranks double your right Flank every Man placing himself on the inside of his right hand Man C. Double your Ranks to the right and left by Division every Man placing himself on the outside of his right and left hand Man Direction Every even Rank from the Front move forth to the right and left outward and double the odd placing your selves on the outside of your right and left hand Man C. The outmost Files upon each Flank that moved double the inmost Files to the right and left inward every Man placing himself on the inside of his right and left hand Man C. Right half Ranks double your left Flank to the right following your right hand Men. Direction Right half Ranks face outward and turn off to the left and double the left Flank to the right to your Leader C. Double your Ranks to the right entire every Man placing himself on the outside of his right hand Man C. Left half Ranks double your right Flank to the left following your left hand Men. C. Double your Ranks to the left entire every Man placing himself on the outside of his left hand Man These or the like Doublings may be very proper to be used in Exercise sometimes to the younger Soldier which will not only delight him but cause him to understand the use of them though perhaps many old Experienced Officers will condemn these sort of Doublings and say that they are needless as to our present Mode of Discipline But because that Knowledge is no burden and that at some time or other they may be not only useful but serviceable I have here inserted them to delight the young Soldier in his private Exercises Having reduced your Men as at first upon these Doublings by Countermarches in the next place it will be requisite to proceed to Firings wherein shall be shewed several Figures of Battel and the several ways of Firing upon each CHAP. XXVIII Several Figures of Battel with Firings upon the same for this days Exercise of 72 Men. Command FRont half Files of Muskettiers and the two first Ranks of Pikes march three Foot The four last Ranks of Pikes wheel your Flanks into the Front by Division Face to the right and left and march even in the Reer of the Front Division of Muskettiers Reer half Files of Muskettiers face to the right and left and march clear of the Division of Pikes face to your Leader and march up and even the Flanks of Pikes 1. For the first Firing let the Front Division fire and fall off to the Reer of themselves 2. Command the Reer Divisions both of Muskets and Pikes to face to the right and left and march 'till clear of their Front Divisions then face to their Leader and march up and even the Front and so Fire all four Divisions falling off to the right and left in the Reer of their own Divisions 3. Command the three middle Divisions both of Muskets and Pikes to advance forward six paces then fire and wheel into the Reer of Pikes the Pikes maintaining the Retreat 'till they fall even a Breast with the Reer Divisions of Pikes which so soon as they are fallen into the Body the Reer Divisions of Muskettiers are to fire and fall off as before placing themselves in the Reer of their own Divisions which will produce this following form Note That upon this Firing the Front Divisions of Muskettiers are to place themselves in the Reer of the Reer Division of Pikes Reducement The middle Division of Pikes advance six Foot The two Divisions of Pikes that are upon the Flanks face in opposition and close your Divisions then wheel your Flanks inward into the Reer and face to your Leader Muskettiers march up and Flank your Pikes and they are reduced as at first Command Reer half Files of Pikes and Muskettiers to the right about Muskettiers march all until your Bringers up be even in Breast with the Front and Reer of Pikes to your Leader For to Fire upon this Figure 1. Cause the two Divisions both in Front and Reer to make ready and fire falling off to the fight and left in the Reer of their own Divisions 2. Command the Reer Divisions to face to the Front and march up even a Breast with the Reer of Pikes then let the Front Divisions Fire and wheel off to the right and left and place themselves in the Reer of the Reer Divisions of Shot the Reer Divisions of Shot at the same time advancing into their Leaders ground and so give Fire falling off as before which will reduce them Next if the Enemy appear in the Reer cause the whole stand of Pikes to face to the Reer and likewise all the Shot then command the two Reer Divisions to fire falling off to the right and left placing themselves in the Front of the Front Division of Muskettiers they at the same time marching down even with the Reer and firing and falling off as before which done reduceth them being faced to their Leader Command Reer half Files of Muskettiers to the right about The two outmost Files of both Front and Reer half Files march 'till clear of your own half Files then stand which produceth this following Figure For the first Firing let them Fire to Front and Reer every Division falling off to the right and left placing themselves in the Reer of their own Divisions For the second Firing command the two outmost Files of Pikes to face to the right and left and march 'till they stand even a Breast with the inmost Divisions of Muskettiers Reer half Files of the two inmost Files of Pikes face about inmost Files of Pikes wheel your Flanks into the Front and Reer and march up and even the four inmost Divisions of Muskettiers face all to the right about and they will stand as in the Figure following Upon this Figure you may Fire to the Front or Reer alone or to both as in the other or to the right or left Flank or to both Flanks or to all four at once as occasion offers every Division falling off to the right and left placing themselves in the Reer of their own Divisions But if the Enemy give on upon the right Flank you may face the whole Body to the right and cause the Divisions upon the right to Fire falling off to the right and left falling in the Reer of the left Division they at the same time advancing into the right Flank who are to fiâ—e and so to return into their places you may do the same to
the left Flank or to Front and Reer as occasion shall be given Observe the Figure which is to both Flanks at once Note The two outmost Divisions are to fire first and to be relieved by the two outmost of the left then the two inmost Divisions are to fire and to be relieved by the two inmost Divisions of the left who are to do the like and so to return into their places Note also That in this Figure the half Files of the two outmost Files were doubled to the right and left inward before they faced and begun their Motion Reducement Pikes face to the right about inmost Files of Pikes wheel your Flanks into the midst and close forward to order The two outmost Files of Pikes face to your Leader Half Files of the two outmost Files of Pikes that doubled face to the Reer and march forth and take your places the two outmost Files advance and even the two inmost Files and close Files into the midst to order The four inmost Divisions of Muskettiers face to the right and left and close your Divisions The four outmost Divisions face in opposition and close your Divisions then face them to their Leader and close Files into the midst to order and Ranks close forward to order and they will be reduced as at first Command Front half Files advance forwards three paces The middle Rank of each Division face outward and move clear of the standing part face to your Leader The first Firing Let the four first Divisions in the Front fire and fall off to the right and left into the Reer the rest at the same time moving up firing and interchanging Ground with them in the Reer 'till they have all fired over and are in their places The second Firing Let them face to both the Flanks Divisions of Pikes in the midst open outward until you be clear of the standing part then Port. Muskettiers give fire on the same ground you stand on then let the Pikes Charge on until the Muskettiers have made ready again and then retreat into their places The Muskettiers may give fire as before is mentioned the Pikes still in like manner Charging on then retreating into their places face all to their Leader Command Reer Divisions of Pikes both in Front and Reer Divisions face to the right about and double your Depth to the right and left inward advancing three paces to your Leader Divisions of Pikes both in Front and Reer Divisions double your Front to the right and left inward advancing three paces Or thus as in the third Figure Command the inmost Divisions of Pikes to move to the left one pace and double to the right Fileways and face to the Front and Reer and march three paces middle Files of Front and Reer Divisions open from the midst to double Distance face to your Leader The first Firing Face to the Front and Reer and then give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves The second Firing Inmost Division move forwards and rank outwards into Front and Reer and then give fire all together and file as you were the Pikes at the same time charging whilst they still make ready then whilst they fire they may fall into their places and so continue as often as the Commander pleases The third Firing Command the Muskettiers and the two outmost Divisions of Pikes to face to both Flanks The Front and Reer and two middle Divisions of the inmost Division of Pikes face to the right the four other Divisions face to the left march and even the two inmost Divisions of Shot to both Flanks then give fire falling off in the Reer of their own Divisions then let the Pikes face inward and take their places as they were and face to their Leader This is so plain it needs no Figure Command The outmost Divisions of Muskettiers in the Front Division face about The two outmost Divisions of Muskettiers both of Front and Reer Divisions move forward and close to Order to your Leader and close inward to open Order For the first Firing upon the two foregoing Figures let the Front Division of Muskettiers advance and even the Front of Pikes then give fire and fall off to the right and left placing themselves in the Reer of the Reer Division of Muskettiers the rest of the Divisions at the same time moving up into their Leaders ground and firing falling off as before 'till they are all reduced into their places as at first A second Firing may be to both Flanks or to Front and Reer at the same time Command Front and Reer Divisions of Pikes move to the right one pace The second Division of Pikes from the Reer face to the right about The second Divisions of Pikes both in Front and Reer Divisions move forward and double both Front and Reer to the left to your Leader Middle Divisions of Muskettiers open outward to twice double Distance face all to the Center and march three paces to your Leader For the first Firing the four last Divisions face to the Reer The two outmost Divisions both of Muskets and Pikes face to both Flanks likewise the four Divisions in the Front face to both Flanks then give Fire falling off to the right and left in the Reer of their own Divisions For the second Firing command the Front and Reer Divisions of Pikes to wheel their Flanks into the Front and Reer The Reer Divisions both of Muskettiers and Pikes face to the right about then give fire to both Front and Reer the Front Division falling off in the Reer of the second Division the second at the same time moving up into their Leaders ground and so firing falling off as before the Reer at the same time doing the like after command the Pikes to wheel their Front and Reer into both Flanks and face all to their Leader For the third Firing let them give fire by Extraduction and fall in the Reer of the Pikes For the fourth Firing let the Pikes charge to the Horse and the Muskettiers give fire all together over their heads then move forth into their first places and face to their Leader Command Front and Reer Divisions of Muskettiers open outward to double Distance The outmost Divisions of Pikes close inward to open Order The second Division of Pikes from the Front face about The third Division of Pikes from the Front and the second Division of Pikes from the Reer move forwards to order face to your Leader Front and Reer Divisions stand the rest face outward and move two paces to your Leader For the Firings let the first be to the Front by commanding the two first Divisions in the Front to fire falling off to the right and left into the Reer of the Reer Divisions they at the same time moving up into their File-Leaders ground after the second Divisions have fired the two outmost are to fire and are to be relieved by the two outmost in the Reer This firing is to be
continued 'till they have all fired over and are returned into their places For the second Firing let them fire on the ground they stand both to Front and Reer every Division falling off in the Reer of themselves For the third Firing face the Muskettiers and Pikes to both Flanks then cause them to give fire unto both Flanks as they stand falling in the Reer of their own Divisions the Pikes at the same time charging which being ended face them to their Leader and proceed Command The two Divisions of Pikes in the Front wheel your left Flanks into the midst of the Battel face to your Leader The two Divisions of Pikes in the Reer wheel your right Flanks into the midst and face to your Reer then let the Front and Reer Division of Pikes move three paces then face to their Leader Middle Divisions of Pikes face outward and move three paces then face to Front and Reer then move forward until you range even a Breast with the midst of the Front and Reer Divisions of Pikes to your Leader Command Middle Division of Pikes next the Reer face to the right about Middle Divisions of Pikes move forward six paces to your Leader Divisions of Muskettiers face to the right and left and move three paces to your Leader For the first Firing command the Muskettiers to face to Front and Reer and so give fire and fall in between the Pikes the Pikes at the same time making room for the Muskettiers to fall in betwixt them the Pikes all the while charging 'till the Muskettiers have made ready again For the second Firing let them face to both the Flanks and give fire falling into their places in the Reer of their own Divisions after face to their Leader By these Firings already set down any ingenious Commander may alter and form many others which may be more pleasing and more advantagious than can be expressed in Writing by reason of several Accidents which may fall out at the time of forming any Figure of Battel so that I shall leave every one to his own best Experience and Practice and so proceed to reduce the former Figure into its proper Square Reducement Command the outmost Divisions of Muskettiers upon the Flanks to face to Front and Reer and move forward and place your selves in the midst of your own Divisions The outmost Divisions of Pikes face to the right and left inward and close your Divisions Muskettiers and Pikes advance forwards and even your Front of Pikes and close Ranks forward to order and Files into the midst to order and they will be reduced as at first And now it will be high time to lodge our Colours and repose our selves until by the Beat of the Drum we shall be commanded into the Field And so much for the fourth days Exercise CHAP. XXIX The fifth Days Exercise HAving the fifth time brought your Soldiers unto the place of Rendezvouz and all Officers at their respective Commands it will not be amiss to cause the Soldiers to be instructed in the first place in the Postures of the Pike and Musket which will cause the Soldiers by often practice of their Postures to grow so perfect that they will not only manage their Arms with ease and safety but with a great deal of celerity when on the contrary the unpractised Soldier will not only be a trouble to himself but a danger to his Fellows and an encouragement to his Enemies After the Postures the next thing that they are to be instructed in is the several Distances and these are truly the ground of all Motion for without Distance the Motions cannot be executed So that this as well as the former should truly be observed in all Exercises therefore we will proceed as followeth The Company standing in their Close Order both in Ranks and Files then first Command Ranks open backward to Order Files open to the right to your open Order Ranks open backward to open Order Files open to the left to open Order Ranks open backward to double Distance Files open outward to double Distance Ranks close forward to open Order Files close inward to open Order Ranks close forward to your Order Files close to the left to your Order These Commands being sufficient to declare each several Distance we will gradually proceed to the rest of the Command intended for this days Exercise Command Note The same Command may be given to the left Face to the Right Right Right Right Right about Left about As you were Command Face to the Front Reer Face to the Right left outward Face to the Right left inward As you were Ranks and Files being at open Order Command Ranks to the right double Files to the left double Ranks to the left double Files to the right double Half Files double your Front to the right Files double your Depth to the left Half Files double your Front to the left Files double your Depth to the right Bringers up double your Front to the left Files double your Depth to the right every Man placing himself behind his Bringer up Bringers up double your Front to the right Files double your Depth to the left every Man falling behind his Bringer up Double your Ranks to the right or left entire Right half Ranks double your left or right Flank Half Files double your Front to the left entire Left half Ranks double entire the depth of the right half Ranks Half Files double your Front to the right entire Right half Ranks double entire the depth of the left half Ranks Files to the right hand Countermarch and maintain ground Files to the left hand Countermarch and maintain ground The same may be done in Ranks and Files either maintaining gaining or losing Ground as hath been shewed Wheel your Battel to the Right Left Right about Left about Files file to the right Files file six to the left Files file to the left Files file six to the right Ranks file to the right and left Files rank as you were CHAP. XXX Several Figures of Battel with Firings upon the same For performance whereof Command FIles to the right and left double inward The three first Ranks wheel your Front into the midst The three last Ranks wheel your Reer into the midst The rest of the Body face to the right and left then march all face all to the right about and march and close your Divisions Note You may by doubling Files to the right in each Division make the Cross Battel For the first Firing let them give fire either to Front or Reer or to both Flanks falling in the Reer of their own Divisions For the second Firing let them fire to all four at once falling off to the right and left placing themselves in the Reer of their own Division of Pikes the Pikes at the same time charging to the Horse For the third Firing they may fire by way of Introduction thus Every Rank of Muskettiers is to pass through their
Division of Pikes placing themselves before the Pikes then stand present and give fire the next moving up as before which will reduce them Note That this last Firing must be performed with the last Rank first and so the next to the last so that the first Rank must be last in this Firing Command The first Rank of Muskettiers both in Front Reer and both Flanks face to the right and move two paces The next Rank of Muskettiers of each Division face to the left and move likewise two paces then wheel to the right and left outwards Oblique before each Division of Pikes as in the following Figure For firing upon this Figure the Muskettiers being faced all outwards are to stand and present and fire all together in one Volley or if you would have the Muskettiers give fire one after another then the Vollies by succession which is commonly called The Peal will be best beginning at the right hand of the Front and so taking it round from one another 'till they have fired over the rest in the interim making ready again Reducement 1. Cause all the Ranks of Muskettiers to face to the right and left inward and take their places the left hand Ranks being the first beginners of the Motion 2. Command the Front and Reer Divisions to wheel Front and Reer inwards into both Flanks and face to their Leader 3. Divisions on the right and left Flank face inwards and close your Divisions after cause Ranks to double to the right and left outward Files closing inwards to order and and Ranks closing forward to order and they will be reduced as at first Command Half Files of Pikes face to the Reer and march until you are clear of the last Rank of Muskettiers Half Files of Muskettiers face outwards and wheel your Reer to the right and left by Division and march between the Division of Pikes Left half Ranks of the first Division of Muskettiers face to the Reer and march between the Reer Divisions of Pikes then even your Ranks and streighten your Files and close your Divisions to an equal distance and face all to the right about they will stand as in the Figure Note That all the Muskettiers must be in the midst and the Pikes on the Flanks when you begin to make this Figure if your Muskets be on the Flanks when you make it then the Cross will be Pikes and the Angles Muskets and your Command must be contrary as now you Command Half Files of Pikes in this you must Command Half Files of Muskettiers to face to the Reer as aforesaid The manner of Firing upon the aforesaid Figure may easily be apprehended every Division is to fire by Ranks wheeling all off to the right placing themselves in the Reer of their own Division For the second Firing if your Reer be secure you may reserve the Front half Files entire and so fire either to Front alone or to Front and both Flanks or to each at pleasure For a third Firing if your Muskettiers be in the Angles which will be very advantagious you may then give fire which way soever the Enemy approaches each Division being ready to assist the other Command Reducement of the Plinthium into the Solid Square flanked with Pikes Reer Division of Muskettiers face about march up on the left of your own Division of Muskettiers in Front the Pikes being first opened to give them place Divisions of Muskettiers upon each Flank face inwards and close your Divisions by wheeling into the midst face to your Leader Reer Divisions of Pikes face about march up and place your selves right after your Leaders Reer Division or Reer half Files of Muskettiers face to the Reer Muskettiers march all 'till clear of your Pikes then face to your Leader and close your Divisions which produceth this Figure For the first Firing let them fire to the Front every Rank of the Front Division after they have fired to fall off to the right and left into the Reer of the Reer Division of Muskettiers the rest advancing into their Leaders ground and so firing and falling off as before the Reer Division at the same time moving up into the Front and fire falling off into their places For the second Firing if your Reer be secure Command the Reer Division of Muskettiers to open to the right and left and sleeve upon the outside of the Pikes into the Front then presenting and firing at the same instant with those Muskettiers of the Front Division each part wheeling off and placing themselves in the Reer of their own Divisions the rest moving forwards into their Leaders ground or the two outmost Divisions may fall off to the right and left into the Reer You may likewise fire to both Front and Reer at discretion or to both Flanks as the discreet Commander shall think fit But the firing to both Flanks at this present time shall be a Reducement by commanding the Muskettiers both in Front and Reer to face outwards Pikes face inwards march and close your Divisions which being performed they will be reduced to their proper Square flanked with Muskettiers as at first Command Half Ranks of the left double your right Flank Front Proper Front of the Reer Front of the right Flank Front of the left Flank You may fire upon this Figure to Front and Reer by commanding the two last Ranks of the Division of Muskettiers upon the right Flank to wheel to the right and left into Front and Reer For a second Firing let them fire as now they stand either to the right or left Flank or to both at once as occasion shall serve falling of in the Reer of their own Divisions Reducement Command Half Ranks that doubled to face to the left march and take your places to your Leader Command Half Files of Muskettiers face to the Reer Muskettiers march to the Angles of your Pikes The two first and two last Ranks of Pikes stand and double Files to the right The rest face to the right and left and march 'till clear of the other Pikes Note If you Command the two last Ranks of the Front and Reer Division of Pikes to wheel to the right the other to the left the Cross will be equal in Pikes Reducement After the two last Ranks have wheeled into their places and the Front and Reer Divisions have doubled to the left they will stand as in the following Figure Note These two foregoing Figures are both as one only the two first and two last Ranks are not doubled to the right according to the word of Command For Firing upon these two foregoing Figures you may produce several with some little alteration either to Front or Reer alone or to either Flank or to both Front and Reer at the same time by commanding the one half both of Muskets and Pikes to face to the right about and so give fire these of the right Flank to wheel off to the right the left Flank to the left
in the Reer of their own Divisions the rest moving up into their Leaders ground Reducement Face them all after their proper File-Leaders then cause the Pikes to face in opposition and close their Divisions Muskettiers of the Front Division face to the right about Muskettiers both of Front and Reer close your Divisions face all to your Leader Command The two outmost Files of Muskettiers march forth being led by four Officers two of which are to return into their places the Serjeants that led forth the outmost Files are to stand to see them do their Execution the two inmost Files face inwards Oblique cross the Front of Pikes the outmost Files face outwards in an Oblique manner then to your Leader Observe the Figure For to fire upon this Figure let the Muskettiers present all together as now they stand and give fire and then suddenly facing after their Bringers up march down into their places then next two Files of each Flank in the interim moving forwards into their Leaders ground and so fire and fall off as before which reduceth them Command Muskettiers march until your half Files range even with the Front of Pikes then stand Half Files of each Arms face outward and march until you are clear of the Angles of your Arms then stand face all to your Leader This Figure fit to fire to the Front and both Flanks if to the Front and that you would preserve your Figure then the Muskettiers must move forwards into their Leaders ground If you please you may move forwards your Reer Division of Muskettiers and make Wings of them when having fired once or twice over may retreat into their places the Pikes in the mean time are to Advance Move forwards Port Charge Stand or Retreat If you would give fire to both Flanks and to the Front at one and the same time then the Front Divisions both Muskettiers and Pikes are to stand and fire to the Front falling off to the right and left in the Reer of their own Divisions the rest moving up into their Leaders ground the Reer Divisions as well Muskets as Pikes face to the right and left and fire to both Flanks falling off as before the rest moving up into their Leaders ground Reducement Command the Reer half Files both of Muskets and Pikes to face inwards and close their Divisions Pikes march up and even your Front of Muskettiers face to your Leader and they will be reduced Command Files to the right double then wheel your Flanks into the Reer then face the Body to one of the Flanks and wheel your Battel into a Convex Half Moon For to fire upon this Figure as now they stand let the Pikes Charge over-hand and the Muskettiers give fire as they stand presenting all to the Front For a second Firing if the Enemy press upon either of the Flanks or Reer you may cause the whole Body to face outwards and then let the Muskettiers give fire falling off to the right and left through their intervals placing themselves in the Reer of their Pikes the Pikes at the same time charging over-hand Command Wheel your Flanks to the right and left into an even Front then face to your Leader which being performed they will stand three deep in File then Command Files to file to the right into a Ring being led away by some Officer until the File-Leader of the right Flank falling just in the Reer of the Bringer up of the left Flank then face them all to the Center and let them close forwards to order then face them to the right about as in the following Figure For to fire upon this Figure command the Pikes to charge round and the Muskettiers give fire all together then let the Commander go to the place where the File-Leader of the right Flank filed first away and command them to file as they were which being performed they will stand three deep the Pikes being all in Front and thereupon become the File-Leaders Next command the Reer to wheel into both Flanks and Ranks to double to the left and they will be reduced Command Wheel your Front into the midst By this Command the Pikes will be all in the Reer and the Muskettiers in Front and they will stand six deep Then command Files to file to the right into a Ring by causing the File-Leader of the right Flank to march away the rest filing after him 'till they make one entire File and close in a Ring Observe the Figure following Fire upon this Figure if you please as now they stand the Pikes at the same time porting This may be continued so long as you think fit round For a second Firing you may cause every Division of Muskettiers to give fire then fall down even with their Front of Pikes and so fire again the Pikes at the same time charging over-hand to the Horse or they may fall behind the Pikes and then give fire over their shoulders Reducement Command File-Leaders to lead up their Files as they were and then to wheel their Reer into the midst and face to their Leader and they will be reduced as at first Command Muskettiers of the left Flank and the whole stand off Pikes face to the right and left inwards and interchange ground which being done the Muskettiers will be all upon the right Flank then cause each Division both Pikes and Muskets to file to the right the Pikes within the Muskets at the same time making two Rings as in the following Figure For to fire upon this Figure command both Muskets and Pikes to face to the right about then let the Muskettiers all present as they stand the Pikes at the same time charging and give fire then let them make ready a second time and give fire falling off between the intervals of their Pikes placing themselves behind their Pikes the Pikes falling to their close Order by putting the But end of the Pike at the inside of the right Foot the Pike in the left hand drawing their Swords over their left Arms. Then the Muskettiers the Pikemen stooping may give fire over their heads as often as the Commander pleases after they may pass through again into their places After which the Ensign in sign of Triumph may Display his Colours in the midst of the Circle which being performed command the File-Leaders to lead up their Files as they were then let the Pikes and Muskets interchange ground and they will be reduced as at first And herewith we will conclude this days Exercise and leave our Soldiers to their Rests until the morrow's Sun and the thundering Drum shall call us into the Field again CHAP. XXXI The sixth Days Exercise HAving the sixth time brought your Soldiers into the Field according to the accustomed manner and being doubtless well experienced by their former Exercises in the well managing and handling of their Arms and likewise in all other Commands as Distances Facings Doublings Countermarches and Wheelings which will not only encourage
next two Ranks to sleeve down betwixt them and their own Division of Pikes You may fire upon this Figure several ways as 1. To Front and Reer falling in the Reer of their own Divisions 2. To both Flanks still falling off as before in the Reer of their own Divisions 3. You may cause them to fire to both Front and Reer and both Flanks falling off to the right and left by Division placing themselves in the Reer of their own Division still moving forwards into their Leaders ground still preserving the Figure in the same order Reducement Muskettiers of each Division face inwards and Files rank to the right and left into the Front of each Division and take your places as you were the inmost File of the left hand of each Division is to begin the Motion then the inmost right hand File is to follow and to rank as before then the left hand File of each Division and lastly the right hand File until they have all ranked as they were 2. Command Ranks to the left double in each Division 3. Command the Front and Reer Divisions to wheel their Front and Reer inwards into both Flanks and face to their Leader after cause the right and left Flank to face in opposition and march and close all their Divisions then cause Ranks to double to the right and left outward Files closing inward to order and Ranks closing forward to order and they are reduced as at first Command Files to the right double Pikes to the right and left outward Muskettiers to the right and left inward march and interchange ground to your Leader The three first Ranks wheel your Front into the midst The three last Ranks wheel your Reer into the midst The rest of the Body face to the right and left then march all three paces and after double Files to the right in each Division and they will stand as in the Cross Battel the Pikes being in the head of each Division of Muskettiers Next command the Pikes of each Division to wheel to the right and move into the space between the Angles of the Muskettiers which produceth this following Figure For the first Firing cause the first Rank in each Division to give fire falling off all to the right placing themselves in the Reer of their own Division the rest at the same time moving up to their Leaders ground still preserving the Figure For a second Firing command the two first Ranks of each Division of Muskettiers to march forwards six paces then stand Command Pikes face to the right and left outward and wheel inwards and flank your Muskettiers which will produce this following Figure Note Vpon this Firing you must cause the Muskettiers in the midst to close to the Front Reer and Flanks For this Firing let them fire as now they stand by Ranks falling off to the right placing themselves in the Reer of the Reer Divisions they at the same time moving up into their Leaders ground and so preserve the Figure This may be done twice or thrice at the discretion of the Commander You may face them to the Front and only fire them to that part by Divisions every Division relieving each other 'till they have fired all over then let them return into their places For a third Firing they are to rank even with the Pikes For a fourth Firing cause the Pikes to move a little forward and the Muskettiers to lose ground after let the Pikes face inward and close Files to order and wheel to the left into the Front of each Division which being performed they will stand as before in the Cross Battel If you will proceed to reduce them into the first form Command Reducement to the last Figure Ranks to the left double in each Division Front and Reer Divisions wheel your Front and Reer inwards into both Flanks and face to your Leader The right and left Flank face in opposition march and close your Divisions then cause Ranks to double to the left after command Muskettiers to face to the right and left outward Pikes to the right and left inward march and interchange ground then face all to your Leader and close Files into the midst to order and Ranks close forward to order and they will be reduced as at first Command Reer Division of Muskettiers or Reer half Files face to the right about Front and Reer half Files of Muskettiers wheel off by Division your Front and Reer into both Flanks and march 'till you are clear of your stand of Pikes then stand The two first Ranks of Muskettiers both of Front and Reer Division face outwards and march until your are clear of the other Muskettiers then stand The two first and the two last Ranks of Pikes face to the right and left outwards and march 'till clear of the Muskettiers then face to Front and Reer and move 'till you range even a Breast with the inmost Divisions of Muskettiers then face all to their Leader and they will stand as in the following Figure Upon this Figure let the first Divisions of Muskettiers give fire and fall off to the right and left in the Reer of themselves then face to the right about and move down and interchange ground with them in the Reer they at the same time moving up into the Front and so fire falling off as before in their places the inmost Divisions performing the like Motion You may fire to the Reer after the same way or to Front and Reer falling in the Reer of their own Divisions the Pikes may Charge on and after retreating back again into their places Command The middle Division of Pikes face to the right and left and march three paces The two outmost Files of the middle Division of Pikes or the two outmost Men move clear of the standing part then let the two first Ranks face about the two first and two last Ranks move forward to order face all to your Leader For the first Firing let the Front Divisions fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheel off to the right and left in the room of them in the Reer they at the same time moving forward into their places firing and falling off in like manner next let the inmost Divisions of Muskettiers do the same who may be relieved by the inmost Divisions of Muskettiers in the Reer For the second Firing let them all face to the Reer and give fire as they did to the Front For the third Firing let them face to Front and Reer and give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then let the Pikes charge on to Front and Reer and after retreat back into their places For the fourth Firing let the four inmost Divisions of Muskettiers face to the right and left outwards the two inmost Divisions of Pikes upon both Flanks face inwards march and interchange ground and so give fire to both Flanks falling off to the right and left in the Reer of their own
Divisions after they that were the inmost Divisions may fire and fall off into their places the Pikes at the same time moving up into their places still preserving the Figure Command Inmost Divisions of Muskettiers move forward until you be two Foot clear of the standing part then let them face all inward and move three paces after face them to their Leader which will produce this following Figure For the first Firing let them fire to the Front by Ranks falling off to the right and left placing themselves in the Reer of their own Divisions For the second Firing let them give fire falling off to the right and left and march and interchange ground with them in the Reer they at the same time moving up into their Leaders ground and so firing falling off as before into their places The same may be done to the Reer or to both Front and Reer still preserving the Figure and falling into the Reer of themselves For the third Firing let it be to both Flanks by facing the whole Body to the right and left outward then let every Division give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after face all to your Leader Command Front and Reer Divisions of Muskettiers face to the left and move two paces and double to the right Fileways The two middle Divisions of Pikes face outward and move two paces to your Leader The Reer Division of the Front Divisions of Muskettiers face to the right about Front and Reer Divisions of Muskettiers move streight forwards until you range even a Breast with the Front and Reer Division of Pikes face to your Leader and they will stand as in the following Figure Upon this Figure having faced both Pikes and Muskets to Front and Reer let the first Divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and stand let the rest move forward until they be clear of the Front Divisions of Muskettiers then let them fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after face about and move down into their places again Then let the Pikes open outward and Charge all to Front and Reer after retreat back again into their places Command Note Vpon this Command the Body must be faced to Front and Reer before you give the word of Command Front and Reer Divisions of Muskettiers face to the right and move three paces Middle Divisions of Muskettiers advance right forwards and double your Front and Reer to the left Rank-ways after face all to the right and left and march three paces or to such convenient distance that if the Commander pleases he may cause his Colours to be displayed Observe the foregoing Figure As for firing upon the aforesaid Figure it will be the same as in pag. 223. so that if you look back to that Figure there you will be instructed in the several ways of Firing which to repeat again here were needless therefore we will proceed to reduce them into their proper Square as at first Reducement Pikes to the right and left inward march and close your Divisions to your Leader Front Divisions of Muskettiers face to the right about Front and Reer Divisions of Muskettiers march to the Angles of your Pikes after face in opposition and close your Divisions to your Leader Note That if you wheel them before they close it will be the better then let them march and even their Pikes Outmost Divisions of Muskettiers face to the right and left inwards and close your Divisions after let your Muskettiers wheel their Front and Reer by Division into the midst and march and even their Front of Pikes then let them close Files inward to order and Ranks close forward to order and they will be reduced as at first Command Files open outward to open Order Ranks open backward to your open Order Then let every two Files close outward to order and Ranks close to Front and Reer to order after let every Division wheel to the right and they will stand in twelve Divisions Command The two inmost Divisions of Muskettiers in the Reer face to the right about Inmost Divisions of Muskettiers in Front and Reer move forward clear of the standing part then stand Pikes face to the right and left outward Muskettiers upon the Flanks face to the right and left inward the rest face about to the right march all two peaces to your Leader For the first Firing command Front Divisions of Muskettiers to give fire and fall in the Reer of your selves after fall off to the right and left and march down into the Reer they at the same time moving up into their ground firing and falling off in like manner as before then let the Flank Divisions of Muskettiers observe the same order in relieving each other after let the Pikes charge on and retreat again into their places Note The Pikes are to Charge to Front and Reer and after to Retreat into their places For the second Firing let them face to Front and Reer when faced let the first Divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then immediately let the outmost Divisions move up even a Breast with the Front and Reer Divisions then let them give Fire and fall off in the Reer of themselves into their places A Firing to both Flanks at one and the same time For the third Firing let them face to both Flanks then let the outmost Divisions of Muskettiers give fire and fall off to the right and left placing themselves in the Reer of the Pikes the Pikes at the same time moving outwards maintaining the ground the Muskettiers first fired on by charging with their Pikes over hand then let the Front and Reer Divisions that stand faced to the Flanks give fire and fall off in the Reer of their own Divisions still preserving their ground having fired all over command the Pikes and Muskettiers to interchange ground and face all to their Leader Command The four last Divisions next to the Reer both of Pikes and Muskettiers face about move down and range even a Breast with the Reer Reer Divisions of Muskettiers that are faced to the Front move forward and place your selves three Foot short of the next Divisions that stand before you to your Leader Note The Pikes should be closed more to the right and left inward and not so great an interval as is in the Figure For to fire upon this Figure let the Front Divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then let them fall off to the right and left placing themselves in the Reer the middle Divisions at the same time moving up possessing themselves of the ground the Divisions last fired on and then let them give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after let the outmost Divisions in the Front move up give fire and fall off to the right and left placing themselves in the Reer of the Reer Divisions they at the same time moving up into their ground and
so firing and falling into the Reer of themselves and so stand For the second Firing let them face all to the right about and perform the same to the Reer as they did to the Front and it will reduce them both to their first Aspect and Place you may fire them to either Flank or to both as you please but being all faced to their proper Front as in the last Figure Command Divisions of Pikes move forward until your Reer Divisions range even a Breast with the outmost Divisions of Muskettiers Reer Divisions of Muskettiers face inward and move streight in the Reer of the Reer Divisions of Pikes face all to your Leader For the first Firing let it be to the Reer and both Flanks by commanding the two last Divisions of Muskettiers to face to the right about the rest to face to the right and left outward then let them give fire on the ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves until they have all fired over and taken their places as at first For the second Firing let the four first Divisions of Muskettiers and the two first Divisions of Pikes face to the Front then let them give fire to Front and Reer and fall in the Reer of themselves then face all to the Front and so proceed to farther Command Command The Front and Reer Divisions move outward two paces Reer Division of Pikes upon the left face about Reer Division of Pikes move three Foot before the Front and Reer Divisions that moved outward close inward to your first ground then face all to your Leader Command The two inmost Divisions of Muskettiers in the Reer move forward until they range even a Breast with the outmost Divisions of Muskettiers then stand Reer Division of Pikes march forward three Foot short of your own Divisions which stand before you and they will stand as in this following Figure Then let the four Divisions of Muskettiers upon the right move away and let the Divisions of Pikes fall in the Reer of them and the four Divisions of Muskettiers on the left to fall in the Reer of the Pikes then standing streight in their Divisions both Rankways and Fileways and they will stand as followeth As for firing upon the foregoing Figures it may be according to the Officers discretion in point of advantage either in Ground Wind or what other advantage may be then found necessary but in plain Exercise the Figures themselves do sufficiently demonstrate Reducement Command every Division to wheel to the right and stand Command Reer Divisions of Pikes face to the left and move until you file streight with your own Files of Pikes then stand Front Divisions of Pikes face to the right about march down and take your places to your Leader Right and Left Division of Pikes face in opposition and close your Divisions face all to your Leader 2. Command the right hand Division of Muskettiers in the Front and the left hand Division of Muskettiers in the Reer to march up and even their Front of Muskettiers 3. Command the left hand Division of Muskettiers in the Front to face to the right and the right hand Division of Muskettiers in the Reer to face to the left then march and take their places to your Leader Lastly Command Reer Divisions of Muskettiers to march and take their places then left them even their Ranks and streighten their Files and they will stand in three Grand Divisions ready to march or if you please to draw them up into a Square as at first Command the Pikes and the Reer Division of Muskettiers to face to the left and march 'till they be clear of the first Division of Shot then face to your Leader march up and even your Front to the left which being performed they will stand as at first So that upon the Reduction of the last Figure you may either march them away as they stand in three Grand Divisions or draw them up into the Square as at first and march them after FINIS ERRATA PAge 26. Line 22. read and priming l. 23. for and the Pike read and the like p. 32. l. 10. for Commands read Commanders
falling off to the left into the Reer the rest successively doing the like until they have fired all over which being done you may face them to the right and left outward then facing them to the Front proper you may cause them to march up and even the Front of Pikes Next you may Fire by Ranks ranking into the Front or Files ranking into the Front and filing or ranking as they were After you have fired them by Ranks you may do the same by Files wheeling outward or inward into the Front and filing again as they were Then you may fire by the outmost Files wheeling or ranking outward into the Front falling off likewise being lead off by Bringers up leading up next the Pikes this done twice reduceth The proper Firings to lose ground are these following Firings to lose ground The Muskettiers being supposed to be all in the front command the first Rank to make ready Present give Fire falling off to the right and left by Division each part falling Fileways down close by their Flanks of Muskettiers until the Leaders of the Ranks of Muskettiers have ranked even with the first Rank of Pikes observing always to leave an interval between the innermost Files of Shot and the outermost Files of Pikes So soon as the first Rank hath given Fire and wheeled away the second Rank is to do the like passing down between the intervals on the Flanks placing themselves after their Leaders The same is every Rank successively to do until they have all fired over and flanked their Pikes The Muskettiers being now all upon the Flanks command the first Rank to make ready Present and give Fire after they have fired command the first Rank both Muskets and Pikes to Countermarch to the right every Man turning on the ground he stands the second Rank is to give Fire as they stand observing to turn after their Leaders to the right hand on the ground they stand placing themselves behind their Bringers up following their Leaders If you please you may Fire even with the half Files and fall in the Reer of themselves Thus much briefly of Firings to the Front Firings to the Reer The Reer challengeth the next place where suppose all the Muskettiers to be in the Reer of the Pikes the Body marching Fire 1. To the right or left about which is thus performed If the Enemy appear in the Reer let the last Rank of Muskettiers face about and give Fire wheeling off by Division Fileways falling in the Front of their own Divisions When the first Rank are giving of Fire the next Rank are to be in readiness observing always that so soon as the first Rank hath fired they immediately blow and open their Pans stepping forward with their right Feet a little inclining to that hand to which you are to face about advancing your left Feet and to the Reer Present giving your Body a nimble turn and so give Fire to the rest successively doing the same at three Motions Note That in this Firing the Reer must be kept full leaving a vacancy of one Rank in the Front for the Rank that fired to place it self still keeping along with the Body the Muskettiers observing always to advance their right Legs and blow advancing with the left open their Pans then turning upon the Ball of their left Foot to the right about cast their right Leg backward and Fire This is the nimblest way for this Firing 2. Fire and fall off to the right and left and rank with the first Rank of Pikes into the Front 3. Fire even with the Reer and fall off before the Front of your own Divisions 4. Fire even in the Reer or last Rank falling off to the right and left with a swift Motion placing your selves 10 or 20 paces before the Front of Pikes still facing to the Body and making ready again whilst the Pikes make good the Retreat observing always to open to the right and left to give room for the Pikes then suddenly closing again you may 5. Fire losing ground falling off to the right and left about just before the Front of Pikes still facing to the Body as before and making ready as before the Pikes still continuing the Charge 6. Fire by Introduction to the Reer until they come down even with the Reer and stand making ready again 7. Fire by commanding the first Rank to Present and give Fire both Muskettiers and Pikes turning on the ground they stand by way of Countermarch sleave down the intervals placing themselves before the Front of their own Divisions the rest keeping their own ground and after having given Fire successively turn down after their Leaders on the ground they stand on Lastly If you are pursued eagerly so that you cannot make a safe Retreat by marching face all about and Fire by way of Extraduction If you be hard pressed upon by the Enemies Horse command the Muskettiers to double their Pikes and Fire falling off to the right and left placing themselves in the Reer of their own Divisions And thus much for Firings in the Reer In the next place it will be convenient to shew some Firings to the Flanks whereby the ingenious Commander may defend that part if attakced by an Enemy either upon a March or other ways Firings to the Flanks upon a March. 1. Fire to the right File-Leaders leading up their Files next to the Pikes 2. Fire to the right Bringers up Leading away next the Pikes and their own Division which being twice done reduceth them 3. Fire to the right leading up on the contrary Flank either by the File-Leaders or Bringers up 4. Fire by facing to the right and doubling the Pikes to the right and so fall off to the right and left by Division as before the rest still moving up and evening the Front of Pikes 5. Fire by Extraduction to the right or by half Ranks drawn forth and falling Rank after Rank in the Reer of the Pikes After to reduce them cause them to double their Front by Division so they will be as at first These Firings may be performed as well to both Flanks as to one the Body being faced accordingly likewise to Front and Reer at the same time or to Front Reer and both Flanks as shall be shewed in their proper places But these already may be sufficient to explain the ordinary way of Firings which any ingenious Capacity may augment or alter according as time and place will give leave And so much for plain Firings to the Front Reer and both Flanks and likewise for the second day's Exercise CHAP. XX. The third Days Exercise HAving the third time brought your Soldiers into the Field as formerly it will be very necessary in the first place that they be taught the Postures of each Arms either by the File-Leaders or some other of the Officers which must be careful to see the same decently and neatly performed and in a comely manner which is not
are to fall into a File the rest doing the like until they are all converted into Files C. Ranks rank outward into the Front every Man placing himself on the outside of his right and left hand Man This Ranking is by Countermarch Direction The first Rank stand the rest move forth to the right and left successively and advance into the Front every Man placing himself on the outside of his right and left hand Man R. Ranks rank twelve to the right and left inward every Man placing himself on the inside of his right and left hand Man Note The twelve middle men are to stand the rest to move six to the right hand and six to the left inward C. Ranks rank inward into the Front every Man placing himself on the inside of his right and left hand Man Direction Right and left half Ranks open from the midst to twice double Distance the first Rank of each Division is to stand the rest are to move to the right and left inward into the Front R. Ranks rank six to the right and left outward every Man placing himself on the outside of his right and left hand Man and after to close their Divisions C. Files rank to the right by wheeling into the Front Direction Files open to the left to your double Distance Ranks close forward to your close Order face to the right and wheel 'till all the whole Body be brought into one entire Rank R. Ranks file as you were C. Files rank into the Front and Reer by Division Direction Files open to the left to your open Order Ranks close forward to your close Order half Files face about to the right and left then move all in Front and Reer and make two entire Ranks R. Front half Files face about to the left Reer half Files face about to the right then wheel half Files into the midst as they were then face them to their Leader and close their Files at discretion Observe that those in motion are to face to the right Flank C. Ranks rank two to the right This may be observ'd with any even number Direction The two first in Rank advance forwards to the right the next two in the Reer of them until the first Rank have performed the Command all the rest of the Ranks is to perform the like R. Ranks rank as you were C. Ranks rank two to the right and left outward Direction The two outmost Men upon the right and left hand advance forwards the next in the same Rank are to follow dividing themselves two to the right hand and two to the left 'till the Motion be finished R. Ranks as you were Or Rank twelve to the right and left inward C. Ranks rank two to the right and left inward Direction The two inmost Men of the right and left hand in the midst of the Battel advance forwards the next in the same Rank are to follow two from the right hand and two from the left until all have performed the Command C. Ranks rank 1 3 5 7 9 c. by increase and decrease as they stand in a Body Direction The right hand Man of the first Rank march forth then the three next of the same Rank follow him then five more out of the same Rank to make the third and what is wanting in the first Rank of the Body to make good the fourth in Figure must be taken out of the second in Body and so to proceed in the remainder both for its increase and decrease until your Command be produced R. Right hand Men Rank as you were C. Ranks rank to each Flank by wheeling to the right and left into the same by Division Observe they are to be at double Distance in Rank and at Order in File Direction Face them to the Reer and then let them wheel into their places R. Ranks rank as you were face to your Leader But if you would avoid mixture of Arms you may place all your Muskettiers either in Front and Reer or else wheel only the Muskettiers first and leave the Pikes standing Otherwise it may be performed in marching and then the Reducement as before Rank as you were C. Ranks of your Front and Reer half Files wheel outwards to your right and left Flank by Division Note They are to observe the same distance as in the former Command Direction Half Files face about Ranks open to your double Distance then Front and Reer half Files wheel to the right and left outwards into both Flanks R. Front and Reer half Files face to the right and left inwards and Rank as you were and close Ranks forward to order C. Files rank three first then by increase to the Right two in each Division of Muskettiers and Pikes These are termed half Rhombs or Wedges R. Ranks file as you were C. Files rank first two and by increase two from the whole Body You may make a Wedge of all together R. Ranks file as you were Note You may alter the mixture of Arms at pleasure C. Files rank first two and by increase and decrease two in each Rank divisionally both of Muskets and Pikes Tacticks of Aelian pag. 108. R. Ranks file as you were CHAP. XVI Of Countermarches with their several sorts and kinds THE next branch of Discipline which offers it self are Countermarches which we read in the Tacticks of Aelian Tacticks of Aelian cap. 28. were of use amongst the Grecians and Persians only these three kinds to wit 1. The Chorean maintaining ground 2. The Lacedemonian losing ground 3. The Macedonian gaining ground The distance for Countermarch is open Order in Rank and File Note When there is a Countermarch commanded without any other addition then it is always intended a Chorean Countermarch The Chorean C. Files to the right hand Countermarch Direction The word of Command being given all the File-Leaders step forwards with their right Legs and face about to the right every File-Leader with his File following him towards the Reer passing through the interval on his right hand observing to keep even in Rank with his right hand Man and not to turn until he come to the ground where at first his File-Leader began the Motion The Command is performed when the Bringers up have attained unto the place where before their File-Leaders stood R. Files to the left hand Countermarch C. Ranks to the right hand Countermarch Direction Face them to the right then the right hand File is to turn off to the right and to march even to the Ground of the left hand File R. Ranks to the left hand Countermarch Note That any entire Countermarch of Files and Ranks will be reduced by making another entire Countermarch to what hand soever but if you desire to have them not only reduced to the same Aspect but also precisely to the same place then if the Countermarch be to the right Countermarch again to the right so to the left
C. Countermarch Front and Reer into the midst Direction Half Files face about and turn off to the left Front half Files turn off to the right and face to your Leader R. Countermarch your Front and Reer into the midst again will reduce the last Command or else by any other Divisional Countermarch of Files C. Front and Reer half Files Countermarch to the right Direction Front half Files Countermarch to the right following your File-Leaders Reer half Files Countermarch to the right following your Half File-Leaders R. Countermarch Front and Reer into the midst then face to the first Front and they are reduced C. Countermarch your Flanks into the midst Direction Face to the right and left outwards the right Flank turn off to the right the left Flank turn off to the left March and close your Divisions R. Countermarch your Flank into the midst again and they are reduced C. Right and left half Ranks interchange your Ground Direction Face to the right and left inward March and interchange your Ground face to your Leader R. Interchanging of Ground back again will reduce them or Divisionally to Countermarch their Flanks into the midst of the Battel The Lacedemonian Countermarch losing Ground C. Files to the right hand Countermarch placing your selves before your Bringers up to your Leader Direction Bringers up face about to the right the rest Countermarch to the right every Man turning on the Ground he stands following their Leaders placing themselves before their Bringers up R. Bringers up stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves before your Bringers up C. Files to the right hand Countermarch every Man turning on the Ground he stands Direction The File-Leaders of each File are to step sideways to the right and so march even in Rank together every Man following his Leader and turning on the Ground he stands R. Files to the left hand Countermarch every Ma turning on the Ground he stands C. Bringers up face about to the right the rest pass through to the right and place your selves before your Bringers up Direction Face all to the right about Bringers up stand the rest of the Body pass through the right and place your selves before your Bringers up Note This Motion is begun by the Rank next the Bringers up and so continued successively by the rest 'till the Command be ended R. This Countermarch may be reduced by doing the same to the contrary hand or if you please C. Bringers up stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves behind your Bringers up Note This Command is performed by the Rank next the Reer until the File-Leaders become the Bringers up then face them to the proper Front and they are reduced Direction The last Rank or Bringers up are to stand the rest of the Body to face to the Reer and pass through to the right placing themselves behind their Bringers up then face them all about after their proper File-Leaders and they are reduced as at first C. Ranks to the right hand Countermarch every Man turning after his right hand Man on the Ground he stands Direction Face all to the right which being performed the right hand File together with all the rest becomes Ranks and so begin the Countermarch every Rank turning after his right hand Man on the Ground he stands and so marcheth forth-right beyond that which was the left Flank R. Right hand File face to the right the rest pass through to the right and place your selves before your right hand Men. The Macedonian Countermarches gaining Ground C. File-Leaders face about to the right the rest pass through to the right and place your selves behind your Leaders Note This Motion beginneth with that Rank next the File-Leaders Direction File-Leaders face about to the right the rest pass through the intervals to the right and place themselves behind their Leaders every Rank successively passing through and taking their places R. File-Leaders face to the Reer the rest pass through the left following your Bringors up placing your selves behind your Leaders Note This Countermarch may be reduced as the rest by doing the same to the contrary hand or by an entire Countermarch of Files Direction File-Leaders face to the Reer then the Bringers up begin the Countermarch passing forward between the intervals turning on the Ground they stand the 5 following the 6 and so likewise the rest until the Countermarch is ended then face them to their first Front and they are reduced as at first R. For Reducement observe this for all That any entire Countermarch of File or Rank may be reduced by another entire Countermarch by File or Rank of what kind or to what hand soever This may suffice to be spoken of all the several sorts and kinds of Countermarches they being the least useful of any part of the Art Military and of late not so much as practised upon Service either abroad or at home very little in any of our Annual Exercises Therefore in the next place I come briefly to treat of Wheelings being a Subject more profitable for the intelligible Soldier CHAP. XVII Of Wheelings with their several Uses BEfore you begin to wheel close both Ranks and Files to their Order Two things are to be observed in all Wheelings by the Soldier 1. That they keep their due Distance which is in all Wheelings three Foot both in Rank and File 2. That upon all Wheelings you must be sure to observe your Leader and follow him keeping your due Distance your Muskettiers being all either shoulder'd or palmed which is the Sentinel Posture your Pikes to be either shoulder'd or advanced conformable to the Muskettier for if he be palmed the Pike may be advanced and then he is ready either for Port or Charge Entire Wheelings C. Wheel your Battel to the Right Left Right about Left about Direction The right or left hand Men in the Front are the Hinges of these Motions who with a small Motion move to the right or left the rest the more their places are remote from the right or left Angle the more swift must every Man's Motion be to bring their Aspects unto the place commanded following their Leaders and keeping their due Distance R. For Reducement if you wheel your Battel to the right wheel it again to the left and they are reduced but not to the same Ground if to the right about wheel to the left about but if you would reduce them as well to the first Ground as their first Aspect face them to the right and then wheel them to the left about which being done face them to the left and they are perfectly reduced as at first But the nearest Reducement of Aspect and Place is If you wheel to the right about then wheel to the right about again if to the left about then to the left about in like manner C. Wheel your Battel on the same Ground to the Right Left Right about Left about Direction Left
half Ranks move forwards and wheel to the right right half Ranks contrariwise face to the left sideways falling backward moving still unto the place commanded C. Wheel off your Front by Division Direction File-Leaders of the right Flank wheel about to the right the rest of each File following their Leaders File-Leaders of the left Flank wheel about to the left in the same manner and then close your Divisions C. Wheel the Battel off by Division from the Reer Direction Face to the Reer and turn off to the right and left C. Wheel the Battel inward to the Reer Direction Open from the midst to convenient Distance and turn off to the right and left C. Wheel the Battel inward to the Front from the Reer Direction Face to the Reer open from the midst and wheel inward to the Front C. Wheel off the Body by Division from the right Flank Direction Face to the right C. Wheel off the Body by Division from the left Flank Direction Face to the left C. Wheel the Body inward to the left Flank from the right Direction Face to the right and open to convenient Distance outward and wheel inward to the left Flank C. Wheel the Body inward to the right Flank from the left Direction Face to the left and open outward to convenient Distance then wheel inward to the right Flank C. Wheel off your Front and Reer half Files by Division Direction Half Files face about Front and Reer half Files turn off by Division C. Wheel your Front and Reer half Files inward to the midst of Ranks Direction Half Files face about Front and Reer half Files open outward to convenient Distance then wheel inward to the midst of Ranks C. Wheel off your Front and Reer half Files by Division from the midst of Ranks Direction Front half Files face about Front and Reer half Files wheel off to the right and left by Division C. Wheel Front and Reer half Files inward both to Front and Reer from the midst of Ranks Direction Front half Files face about Front and Reer half Files open from the midst to convenient Distance and wheel inward into Front and Reer C. Wheel off your right and left half Ranks by Division Direction Face outward and wheel off to the right and left by Division C. Wheel your right and left half Ranks inward to the midst of Files Direction Face outward and open to the right and left then wheel inward to the midst of Files C. Wheel off your right and left half Ranks by Division from the midst of Files Direction Face inward then move backward to a convenient Distance and so wheel off by Division from the midst of Files C. Wheel your right and left half Ranks inward to both Flanks from the midst of Files Direction Face inward and open to the right and left to a convenient distance and then wheel inward to both Flanks These are all the entire and divisional Wheelings that have hitherto been practised by any there are other Wheelings which may properly be termed Doublings which I have placed amongst the Doublings which is most proper As for the Reducement of every particular Wheeling you may observe as before in the Countermarches so in these for unto what hand soever they wheeled Command them to wheel to the contrary hand and they will be reduced unto the first Front or what part is wheeled off by Division wheel them inward again from that place and it will easily reduce them CHAP. XVIII The second Days Exercise YOUR Soldiers being Commanded the second time into the Field and the Body drawn up into the ordinary Square every Officer vigilant in his place the Captain may command Silence with some other general terms of Observation both for the Leaders and the Right hand Men then to even their Ranks and streighten their Files which being performed he may proceed as formerly to shew the Distances Facings Doublings Countermarches and Wheelings instructing them in all or so many of them as the time will permit and he thinks convenient In the next place that which follows for this days Exercise are Firings which shall be performed five ways that is to say To the Front to the Reer to the right or left Flank Oblique or Angular as shall be fully demonstrated So soon as the Drum beats a Preparative the Muskettiers are to begin to make ready to perform all Firings as they shall be commanded CHAP. XIX Several Firings to be performed with any number of Men upon all occasions either to the Front or to the Reer or to both Flanks as followeth THE Front being the most Honourable part challengeth Superiority therefore to begin your Firing draw all your Shot before your Pikes These are Firings to gain ground when done command 2 Ranks to advance ten Paces make ready Present give Fire wheeling both off together and falling in the Reer of themselves the rest doing the like advancing into their Leaders ground You may do the same with two Ranks advancing ten Paces or with one Rank advancing three Paces You may likewise Fire by Files advancing what Paces you please first single then double or ranking inward 1 2 3 or more at pleasure falling down into their places again Likewise you may fire by Ranks filing and advancing moving down and ranking in the Reer of their own Divisions Fire by Divisions drawn off as many Paces as you think convenient returning again into their places To Fire by way of Introduction thus The first Rank fires and stands the last Rank passeth up between the Files and placing themselves before the File-Leaders stand and give Fire the rest doing the like 'till they have all fired over To Fire by Introduction another way The first Rank stands and fires the next Rank moves up and places themselves before the first then stands and Fires the rest moving up and doing the like until they have all fired twice Firings maintaining Ground The Muskettiers continuing still before the Pikes command the five first Ranks to kneel the last Rank make ready Present give Fire standing fast and charging again then command the fifth Rank to stand up Present and give Fire standing fast as before Likewise the fourth to do the same and so all the rest 'till they have all fired over Then if your please you may fire two Ranks together likewise four Ranks together two kneeling and two standing upright falling off If you think fit you may fire all six Ranks together two kneeling two stooping and two standing upright To maintain the same Ground still you may fire them by single Ranks falling off to the right and left by Division placing themselves in the Reer of the Pikes This Firing is termed the Street-Firing Then you may Fire by Extraduction which is The first Rank passes from the Reer upon the outside of the Pikes upon the right until they have placed themselves in a Rank before the Pikes Note The Pikes must be at Charge