Selected quad for the lemma: ground_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
ground_n	face_n	file_n	left_a	2,497	5	10.9159	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A06967	The souldiers grammar containing, the high, necessarie, and most curious rules of the art militarie : as first, whether it be in great motions in generall? or foote motions especially?, or motions of horse, generall, or speciall?, the ranges of foote, or horse?, the ranges of officers, the seuerall imbattailings of foote, and horse, the imbattailing of a regiment, the ioyning of many regiments, or the forming of maine battailes, of any extent, or number, with their formes, and figures, in liuely demonstration, &c. / by G.M. ... ; vnto which, is added the Booke of postures, according to that which is ordered by the lords of His Maiesties most honorable Priuie Counsell.	Markham, Gervase, 1568?-1637.	1626 (1626)	STC 17391.5; ESTC S2808	26,181	63

vp and turne behinde their Leaders but they are mistaken and conceiue not rightly of the Author from whence they take their Instruction for this Motion rather looseth then gayneth ground and seemeth rather to retyre then charge But I leaue the reconcilement of the doubt to those of better Iudgement The next Motion is called the Macedonian Countermarch but from what ground it is not yet discussed As for the manner of the Motion it is in this wise The File leaders all turne about their Faces and all the rest with the Bringers vp goe against them on the right or left hand and passing on to the Ground before the Front of the Battalia place themselues in order one after another according as the File-leaders haue turned their Faces making a shew vnto the Enemy as if they were retyring or running away which inticing the enemy to pursue is of most singular vse to make him leaue and forsake any place or ground of aduantage Others take this Motion to bee the Macedonian Countermarch when the File-leader turneth about his face and the rest passing by him on the right or left Hand place themselues orderly one behinde another And here is to be noted that all these Countermarches already spoken of may as well be done by Ranks as by Fyles and both to the right or left hand entirely or to both by deuision or both by Conuersion as in the former Examples The next Motion is the doubling of Rankes either to the Right or Left Hand intirely as when the second Ranke marcheth into the first the fourth into the third the sixt into the fift and the eight into the seuenth and this Motion must be done very orderly beginning with the left foote and at three steps making perfect the doubling then when they are to be reduced to their first Forme againe to obserue that if they doubled to the right Hand then they must turne on the left hand to come to their first places againe and so contrary to the other as occasion shall serue or this Motion may be done to both hands by Deuision or to both hands by Conversion and to either Open Order Order or Close Order according to these examples Rankes vndoubled Rankes Doubled Thus you see Rankes doubled and vndoubled now there is another manner of doubling of Rankes and that is by the Middlemen or halfe Files when they Aduancing and leading vp their halfe Files brings the fift Ranke on which hand they are commanded being Middlemen to the Front into the first Ranke the sixt into the second the seuenth into the third and the eight in-into the fourth which are Middlemen vnto the Reare as you may see in this example Halfe Files vndoubled Halfe Files Doubled Now to reduce or bring these into their first place or forme the halfe Fyles which did ascend shall turne their Faces about and following the Reare or Bringer vp euery Man shall descend and come into his first place as he was before And when this Bodie shall againe be reduced into his first place then shall the Bringers vp or Reare with their halfe files turne their Faces about and the Ranke 5 shall fall behinde the Ranke 4 the Ranke 6 behind 5 the ranke 7 behind 6 and the ranke 8 being the Reare or Bringrs vp behind the ranke 7 and so euery Man is in his first place againe The next motion vnto these is Wheeling or Turning the whole Bodie of the Battalia to one or the other Hand or entirely round about or otherwise by Deuision to Wheele it to both Hands at once eyther in part or else Round about the generall manner of the Motion is thus First close your Files to the Right hand and your Rankes to the Swords poynt then make the Corner file Leader to the Right hand stand fast and then all the whole Bodie of the Battalia to mooue or Wheele about him as about a Center eyther halfe about or three parts about or else wholy and fully round about Now to reduce it to the first Posture or Station you shall command euery Man to turne his Face to the Left hand then Wheele the Bodie back againe till it come to its first Place and then open the Rankes downeward and the Fyles eyther to one or the other Hand at pleasure As thus you Wheele the whole Body to the one or the other Hand or entirely round about so you may wheele it to both Handes at once by Deuision eyther in part or round about according to pleasure And this is of singular Vse when the Horse shall come to Charge the Foote for by this Wheele you shall couer your Shotte safe and leaue your Pikes outmost to receyue the Charge Now this Wheele is to be made after an other manner for where before eyther the corner Man of the Right hand file or the Corner Man of the Left hand file was to stand fast and firme now all shall moue and onely the Middle Man in the Reare to the right Flanke and the middle Man in the Reare to the Left Flanke shall stand fast and vnmoued and all the rest of the two Deuided Bodies shall moue about them according to these Examples following The Battalia Vnwheeled The Battalia Wheeling The Battalia halfe Wheeled The Battalia Wheeled round about Thus you haue seene the manner of Wheeling with the seuerall Motions and Vses thereof The next Motion whereto foote Companies ought to be applyed is the Casting off of files or as some call it the Giuing of Fire by Flanke or in the Flanke and this motion of casting of Files is done diuers waies as first in Flanke then in Wing and lastly before the Front If you cast off files in flanke to the Right hand then the right hand file being readie to giue fire standeth still till the Bodie of the Battalia be marcht so far forward that the Reare or Bringers vp become euen with the Leader of the right hand file then that file so standing and prepared giueth fire altogether then presently march vp betwene the outmost file of Pikes on the right hand and the inmost file of Shotte then the second file of Shotte as the first doth stand still till the Bodie be marched by and then giue their Volley and then march vp as they first did betweene the outmost file of Pikes and the inmost file of Shotte as aforesaide And thus successiuely euery file of Shotte giueth their Volley that are conteyned in that right Wing which done wheele the whole Bodie about and bring the Left Wing to doe as much as the Right Wing and so Wing after Wing according to pleasure And this manner of casting of Files in Flanke is of excellent vse for the beating of Paces in Woods or Bogges also for the mayntaining of straight and narrow Waies for defence of Bridges and the like and that you may haue a better vnderstanding therein behold the figures following Files cast off in Flanke to the Right

incertaine and at pleasure there would then be no Ground for any thing but euerything would be confused according to the phantast quenesse of Opinion When you haue therefore drawne your Horse Troop into Rankes and Files which you must doe file after file till euerie Man be placed according to the order not according to the fashiō of our ignorant Commanders whom I haue heard at the first gathering of a Bodie together to command the Men to Ranke three fiue seuen or as fancie leades them for this is most absurde and vnproper because Rankes are and may be of vncertaine Number so that ranking at hap hazard it is almost impossible that the files should fall out euen whose Number must not be changed and so a new worke to begin which at the first might better haue bene finished But to my purpose againe When you haue drawne vp the Bodie of the Horse in true Files and Rankes and hauing euerie Officers readie for his due Place as Captaine Liuetenant Cornet Trumpets and Corporalls You shall then according to the Figure or Example following in the next Page Troope into the Field eyther for Seruice or other Exercise A Troupe of an Hundred Horse Trouping into the Field with their Officers The Former Troope drawne vp into a firme body either for Seruice or Exercise with all the Officers Thus you haue seen the maner of Trooping into the Field with al the Officers of a priuat troop and how they are deuided into foure Deuisions The first or head being lead by the Captaine the second Diuision by the Cornet the third by the eldest Corporall the fourth by the second Corporall the Reare or hindmost being brought vp by the Lieutenant the two yongest Corporalls are extrauagant and ride vp and downe on both sides to see the whole Body keepe their true Order The Trumpets if their bee more then one the Edest troopes vpon the Head next after the Captaine and the second troopeth in the Reare two Rankes before the Lieutenant if there bee three the third soundeth before the Cornet Now for the drawing of this Troope into a firme Body for Seruice or Exercise the Captaine hauing found conuenient ground maketh a stand with his Deuision and the Cornet bringeth vp his Deuision on the left Hand the Captaines placing himselfe vpon the left File of his owne Deuision then the eldest Corporall bringeth vp his Deuision on the left hand the Cornet and as soone as they are ioyned hee departeth himselfe to the outside of the right Wing to see that true Order and Distance bee kept then the second Corporall bringeth vp his Deuision on the left Hand the eldest Corporalls and himselfe departeth to the outside of the left Wing to see that true Order and Distance be kept For now all Corporalls are extrauagant and all the Trumpets ascend to the head and Troope next behinde the Captaine and before the Cornet the eldest Trumpet taking the right hand and so the rest according to antiquitie This Body or Square Battalia is of all other the best and most sure for all manner of Seruice and may the easiliest be reduced and brought to any other forme that Inuention can finde out and with this Body you may eyther Charge entirely and wholy at once or you may deuide it and Charge sundrie waies or else by drawing out two or three or more Fyles skirmish on euery side the Foote Battaile and put them to much anoyance There is another forme of Imbattailing the Horse which is called the Horsemans-Wedge and it is drawne vp into the forme of this Figure or Example following The Horsemans Wedge This Wedge Charging poynt-wise vpon the Foote seeketh to disfeue and breake the Front whereby getting an entrance they put all into Route and confusion which the Footemen perceiuing they haue no meanes of safety but eyther by maine strength to repulse them or else to deuide their Body in the midst into two parts and to giue the Horse a free and thorow passage which foote Battaile so deuided is called the Battalia Antistomus There is an other Battalia of Horse which is called the Rhombe of Horse and it is proportioned according to this Figure and is of great vse hauing in euery corner a Leader The Rhombe This Horsmans Rhombe was first found out in Thessalia and thence brought in great practise through the benefite thereof being able to passe through and to peirce any Foote battaile whatsoeuer and is only to be opposed by that Foote Battalia which is called Menoides or Cressent and in forme of an Halfe Moone whose Winges being stretched out by the Leaders the middle part is imbowed and bent to inuyron and wrappe in the Horse Men as they Charge and so put them to Route and Disorder and therefore in this case are to keepe aloofe off and not to come in but to plye their Pistolls till they see the Foote Battaile stagger and fall into disorder Another Rhombe of fiue Square This Rhombe of fiue in Square doth not Ranke but onely Fileth and is of equall vse with the former Rhombe and is as necessarie for our Pistolers in these daies as it was in times past for the Crossebow Men and other Archers and Dart Casters on Horse backe There is no Foote Battaile more excellent to oppose then as that which is called of the Auntient Epicampios Emprosthia which as the Halfe Moone carrieth a circular hollownesse so this carrieth a square hollownesse as you may see in this Figure The Foote Battaile Epicampios The end or purpose to which this foote Battaile is framed is to beguile and ouerreach the Pistoleirs eyther by inticing them into the voyd or emptic place of the Battalia as they Charge in furie and vpon the Spurre or else by disordering their Horses with their Winges and so driue them into an vtter confusion This Battalia makes shew but of a small number because the Deuisions lie hid and couered and so much apter to be mistaken for the Winges which are the least number are only apparent to the eye the Bodie which is three times more is hardly discerned so that if the Winges preuaile the Conquest is sure if they faile they may easily retire into the maine Bodie and make a powerfull resistance There is another Horse Battaile which is square in Figure but not in Horse being eleuen in Ranke and but sixe in file which is called of the Auntients a Tetragonall Horse Battaile this is a very strong Battaile as all square Battailes are and our Fore fathers did affect it much and we at this day finde it of great vse for our Pistoleirs both for the strength and the ready framing thereof there is no Battaile on foote to oppose it but that which is called Embolos or the Wedge of Foore which is framed of Foote Men as the former Wedge was made of Horse Men all the outsides consisting of Armed Pikes and the Lynings within of Shotte Also the front of this Foote Wedge consisteth

nature of the ground and the fashion of the Enemies Battaile for therein is the aduantage Now for the true Range the Generall hath euer the Vauntguard which is the right Wing of the Battaile and the Lord Marshall hath the second Vauntguard which is the Poynt of the left Wing of the Battaile For here is to be vnderstood that when Battailes of Foote are drawne vp and formed then the Battaile of Horse is deuided and extended forth in length acording to the number of the Regiments which as Wings stretching themselues foorth from the two points of the right and left hand battaile of Foot are as a Wall or defense betwixt the Enemy the Foot Army being to Charge vpon all aduantages to defend the Ordnance great Artillerie when it shal be Assaulted or ingaged or otherwise to keep the Carriage Munition and baggage from the pillage of the Enemy or other defeiture For the range of the Colonels they take their places according to Antiquity the eldest Colonell secondeth the Generall the third the Lord Martiall and so according to Antiquitie their Regiments doe troope either on the one or the other hand all things being ordered according to Dignitiy and Antiquity Now whereas a question may be demanded touching the place of the Quartermaster were he shall range himselfe I thus resolue it That if the Quarter-master who is a necessary dependant vpon euery Horse Regiment haue no troope of Horse as seldome or neuer they haue then his range or place is euer to troope with the Collonels Lieutenant and the Commissary or Prouost of euery Regiment with the Liuetenant Collonels Liueteuant or otherwise at his pleasure extrauagantly in any other inferior place of the Regiment Againe here is to be noted in the generallitie of the Army where Horse and Foote are mixed together or whensoeuer they shall meet either in publicke Court or priuate Counsell that the Commander of Horse hath priority of place before the Commander of Foot And howsoeuer some opinions would sway to the contrary preferring Number before Vertue yet it is most certaine that in all Courts of Warre the Horseman hath the first place a Collonell of 500. Horse preceeding a Collonell of 1000. Foot A Captaine of 100. Horse takes place before a Captaine of 200. Foot c. Antiquity in this place being no let but the Dignity carried according to the Honor of the Command the Nobility of the number Now next vnto these Curasheirs are the Harquebusheirs who at this day and in this present Discipline stand for the Light Horse these likewise haue two seuerall Ranges the one in their ordinary Trooping and the other when they come to be drawne vp into ordinary or extraordinary Bodies For the ordinarie Trooping it is eyther when they Troope into the Fielde to receiue Directions or else troope forth as Vantcurreers and Dicouerers of all Impediments that may happen to the Army for these are they which Scower the Coast and preuent Ambuscadoes they make good Ryuers Bridges and all straight Passages and albe their trooping is loose and disbanded holding no strickt or curious forme eyther in Ranke or file nor any certainety in Pace or Motion but sometimes galloping sometimes trotting sometimes standing still as danger or discouerie shall giue way to their proceedings yet doe they troope most commonly in Regiments the Vauntguard being led eyther by the Colonell himselfe or some other Officer in Chiefe who being better acquainted with the places they goe to discouer hath this Authority cast vpon him and Rangeth himselfe in the Front which is the greatest Place of eminence As the Colonell or chiefe Officer thus taketh the First Place so the Liuetenant Colonell taketh the Second and so the rest of the Captaines successiuely according to their antiquity These are the ordinary Scoutes Watchmen and Sentinells and if it be in Campe their guard is euer without the Verge of the Campe and if it be in a Walled Towne Citty or Garrison their guard is without the walles of the Citty and their Quarter in the Suburbes there are Dependants on the Lord Marshall and take directions from his Commands and thus much for the Range of Horsemen FINIS Motiues to the Worke. Motions vsed in the olde Warres Diuers other Motions The Authors plainenesse In what Motions consist Of Distances The Ancient and the Moderne Author reconcil'd The ground of all Motions The drawing of Grosses into order Of single Files Of closing and opening The manner of performing the Motion Aduancing of Files Reducing thē to their first forme Of Countermarching The Lacedemonian countermarch The Macedonian Countermarch Doubling of Rankes Halfe Files as they were Bringers vp As they were Of Wheeling Casting Files Of Opening and Cloasing Files opened or closed by the Middle-men Files opened or closed to any hand Other Motions The vse of Horse Motions An Horse File Drawing vp of a Horse Troope The Benefite of the square Bodie

their first forme or body againe the Word As you were being giuen euery mouing file that did Aduance shall turne Faces about and so march back to their first places and as thus you aduance eyther to the Right or Left hand at one instant So you may also at one instant aduance both to the Right and Left hand by deuision making the second file aduance before the first the fourth before the third the seuenth before the eight the fyfth before the sixth And as thus in aduancing so also in doubling of files as you double to the Right or Left hand so you may double to both the Right and Left hand at one instant by deuision the second file passing behind the first the fourth behind the third then the seuenth behind the eight and the fifth behind the sixth Now here by the way there may a scruple arise that for as much as numbers may vary and that all bodies hold not one euen or iust content or Number that then in case there be an odd file how then shall the bodie be doubled To this I answere that if you happen to haue an odde file then looke to what hand you double vnto then the outmost file to the contrary hand shall stand and keepe his place firme without doubling at all as if you double to the Right hand then the Left hand file stands fast and vndoubled or if you double to the Left hand then the Right hand file stands fast and vndoubled as by these examples plainely apeareth The odde Battalia Vudoubled The odde Battalia Doubled Thus you see how the odde Fyle standeth and is still preserued in euery Motion being still kept in its order both by the Leader and the Side-man and when so euer the Bodie is reduced into its first forme or Station then is it full and perfit as any other file what so euer The next necessary Motiō vnto the doublings and aduancing of files is the Countermarching of files which is also another Motion in forme And of Countermarching there are diuers kindes as first the ordinary Countermarch which is daily vsed amongst vs when so euer we march or turne the bodie of the Battalta too or fro and this Countermarch is called of some The Persian Countermarch because it was first in vse amongst them others call it the Cretan as taken from the Immitation of those Souldiers others call it the Choraean from Chorus which signifieth a Companie of which Companie there were certaine Dancers who in a Warlike Dance were the first beginners of this Motion This Motion is performed of the whole Battalia all at one instant the Leaders of the Fyles vpon the word giuen to which hand they shall Countermarch beginning the motion as thus If the Word be giuen to Countermarch to the Right hand then shall the Leaders of the Fyles at one instant steppe one steppe forward with the Right foote then bringing the Left foote and the Bodie round about to the Right hand and so march downe through the distance betweene the Fyles till they come to the Reare where the Bringer-vp stood and there they shall make a Stand And in this Motion euery Leader shall obserue his Right hand Man that they may keepe their Front whole and vndismembred because the least disorder in this Motion is the ouerthrow disgrace of the whole Bodie and as these Leaders begin and conduct in this orderly manner so shall all the rest of euery File obseruing true Place and Distance follow with as great care and seuerity euery Man obseruing his Leader and his Right hand Man and that by no meanes they offer to turne till they haue made good the first place where the Fyle Leaders did turne and so keeping their Rankes euen and iust the Motion will be exceeding comely as by this Example apeareth A Battaila in Countermarch to the Right Hand The Battalia after the Counter march Now as they doe thus Countermarch to the Reare so they may if the Commander please countermarch backe to the Front againe without intermission and so as oft and as farre as the Commander pleaseth Now in this Countermarch it would bee obserued that the Files should euer be well opened as at the open Order of sixe foote at the least as for the Ranks they may be either at Order or close Order vnlesse they consist of Shot and then they may not march straighter then the Order of three foot because otherwise it will incumber them and take from them the vse of their Weapons and as thus the Countermarch is made to the right or left Hand entirely so it may bee made both to the right and left Hand by diuision as hath beene shewed before in other motions And this Countermarch is of singular vse for it chargeth the Enemy standing it chargeth him Marching and it chargeth him retyring besides it bringeth euery hand to fight and suffereth none to loose duty The next Countermarch is that which is called the Lacedemonians Countermarch as being first receiued from their example and it is of singular vse in charging of the enemie in making of approaches and in gaining of ground of aduantage and though at first the Ancients found it out for their light Armed which were their Slings Darts Crosse-bowes and Long-bowes Yet now with vs it is found of most excellent vse for our Shot and not vnnecessary for the Pikes and other short Weapons for execution because it bringeth forward euery hand in the Charge and suffereth none to loose duty neither doe they at any time stand or slacke in their Charge but still aduance and goe forward till they haue attained the ende of their purpose The manner of this Nation is thus the first Ranke or Leaders of the Files of Shot doe present and giue fire then stand and the second Ranke passing either to the right or left Hand according to commandement aduance before the first Ranke couering them both in order and distance then the third Ranke aduanceth and couereth the second the fourth the third and so foorth in an orderly charge till the Bringer vp or Reare be brought and made the Front and so as occasion shall serue to continue still till the ende of Commandment Now for the Pikes or short Weapons they shall not need to aduance one Ranke before another but shall keepe their constant March with their Pykes aduanced ported or shouldered euen still with the first Ranke of Shot till they come to encounter and charge the Enemy and then at pleasure and as occasion shall serue they may couer one another and bring euery seuerall hand to the pushe till the last be first and the first last as by this Example doth plainely appeare The Battalia before the Countermarch The Countermarch performed There be others which would haue this Lacedemonian Countermarch in an other maner which is for the first Ranke to Face to the Reare then the second Ranke and so all the rest of the Body to march