Moneth we ranne along Island and had the South part of it at eight of the clocke East from vs ten leagues The seuenth day of this moneth we had a very terrible storme by force whereof one of our men was blowen into the sea out of our waste but he caught hold of the foresaile sheate and there held till the Captaine pluckt him againe into the ship The 25. day of this moneth we had sight of the Island of Orkney which was then East from vs. The first day of October we had sight of the Sheld and so sailed about the coast and ankered at Yarmouth and the next day we came into Harwich The language of the people of Meta incognita Argoteyt a hand Cangnawe a nose Arered an eye Keiotot a tooth Mutchatet the head Chewat an eare Comagaye a legge Atoniagay a foote Callagay a paire of breeches Attegay a coate Polleueragay a knife Accaskay a shippe Coblone a thumbe Teckkeâ—e the foremost finger Ketteckle the middle finger Mekellacane the fourth finger Yacketrone the litle finger The second voyage of Master Martin Frobisher made to the West and Northwest Regions in the yeere 1577. with a description of the Countrey and people Written by Master Dionise Settle ON Whitsunday being the sixe and twentieth of May in the yeere of our Lord God 1577. Captaine Frobisher departed from Blacke Wall with one of the Queenes Maiesties ships called The Aide of nine score tunnes or therabouts and two other little Borkes likewise the one called The Gabriel whereof Master Fenton a Gentleman of my Lord of Warwikes was Captaine and the other The Michael whereof Master Yorke a Gentleman of my Lord Admirals was Captaine accompanied with seuen score Gentlemen souldiers and sailers well furnished with victuals and other prouision necessarie for one halfe yeere on this his second voyage for the further discouering of the passage to Cathay and other Countreys thereunto adiacent by West and Northwest nauigations which passage or way is supposed to bee on the North and Northwest pars of America and the said America to be an Island inuironed with the sea where through our Merchants may haue course and recourse with their merchandize from these our Northernmost parts of Europe to those Orientall coasts of Asia in much shorter time and with greater benefite then any others to their no little commoditie and profite that do or shall frequent the same Our said Captaine and General of this present voyage and company hauing the yeere before with two little pinnesses to his great danger and no small commendations giuen a worthy attempt towards the performance thereof is also prest when occasion shall be ministred to the benefite of his Prince and natiue Countrey to aduenture himselfe further therein As for this second voyage it seemeth sufficient that he hath better explored and searched the commodities of those people and Countreys which in his first voyage the yeere before he had found out Upon which considerations the day and yeere before expressed we departed from Blacke Wall to Harwich where making an accomplishment of things necessary the last of May we hoised vp sailes and with a merrie wind the 7. of Iune we arriued at the Islands called Orcades or vulgarly Orkney being in number 30. subiect and adiacent to Scotland where we made prouision of fresh water in the doing whereof our Generall licensed the Gentlemen and souldiers for their recreation to goe on shore At our landing the people fled from their poore cottages with shrikes and alarms to warne their neighbours of enemies but by gentle perswasions we reclamed them to their houses It seemeth they are often frighted with Pirats or some other enemies that mooue them to such sudden feare Their houses are very simply builded with Pibble stone without any chimneis the fire being made in the middest thereof The good man wife children and other of their family eate and sleepe on the one side of the house and the cattell on the other very beastly and rudely in respect of civilitie They are destitute of wood their fire is â—urffes and Cowshards They haue corne bigge and oates with which they pay their Kings rent to the maintenance of his house They take great quantitie of fish which they dry in the wind and Sunne They dresse their meat very filthily and eate it without salt Their apparell is after the rudest sort of Scotland Their money is all base Their Church and religion is reformed according to the Scots The fisher men of England can better declare the dispositions of those people then I wherefore I remit other their vsages to their râ—ports as yeâ—rely repaiâ—ers thither in their course to and from Island for fish We departed herehence the 8. of Iune and followed our course betweene West and Northwest vntill the 4. of Iuly all which time we had no night but that easily and without any impediment we had when we were so disposed the fruition of our bookes and other pleasures to passe away the time a thing of no small moment to such as wander in vnknowen seas and long nauigations especially when both the winds and raging surges do passe their common and wonted course This benefite endureth in those parts not 6. weekes while the sunne is neere the Tropike of Cancer but where the pole is raised to 70. or 80. degrees it continueth much longer All along these seas after we were sixe dayes sailing from Orkney we met floting in the sea great Firre trees which as we iudged were with the furie of great floods rooted vp and so driuen into the sea Island hath almost no other wood nor fuell but such as they take vp vpon their coastes It seemeth that these trees are driuen from some part of the New found land with the current that setteth from the West to the East The 4. of Iuly we came within the making of Frisland From this shoare 10â— or 12. leagues we met great Islands of yce of halfe a mile some more some lesse in compasse shewing aboue the sea 30. or 40. fathoms and as we supposed fast on ground where with our lead we could scarse sound the bottome for depth Here in place of odoriferous and fragrant sinels of sweete gums pleasant notes of musicall birdes which other Countreys in more temperate Zones do yeeld wee tasted the most boisterous Boreal blasts mixt with snow and haile in the moneths of Iune and Iuly nothing inferior to our vntemperate winter a sudden alteration and especially in a place or Parallele where the Pole is not eleuate aboue 61. degrees at which height other Countreys more to the North yea vnto 70. degrees shew themselues more temperate then this doth All along this coast yce lieth as a continuall bulwarke so defendeth the Countrey that those that would land there incur great danger Our Generall 3. dayes together attempted with the ship boate to haue gone on shoare which for that without great
found a very rich Myne as they supposed and got almost twentie tunnâ— of Ore together vpon the 28 of Iuly the yce came driuing into the sound where the Barkes rode in such sort that they were therewith greatly distressed And the Gabriell riding asterne the Michael had her Cable gauld asunder in the hawse with a peece of driuing yce and lost another ancker and hauing but one cable and ancker left for she had lost two before and the yce still driuing vpon her she was by Gods helpe well fenced frâ—m the danger of the rest by one great Iland of yce which came a ground hard a head of her which if it had not so chanced I thinke surely shee had beene cast vpon the rockes with the yce The Michael mored ancker vpon this great yce and roade vnder the lee thereof but about midnight by the weight of it selfe and the setting of the Tydes the yce brake within halfe the Barkes length and made vnto the companie within boord a sodaine and fearefull noyse The next flood toward the morning we weyed ancker and went further vp the straights and leauing our Ore behind vs which we had digged for hast left the place by the name of Beares sound after the Masters name of the Michaell and named the Iland Lecesters Iland In one of the small Ilands here we found a Tombe wherein the bones of a dead man lay together and our sauage Captiue being with vs being demanded by signes whether his countreymen had not slaine this man and eat his flesh so from the bones he made signes to the contrary and that he was slaine with Wolues and wild beasts Here also was found hid vnder stones good store of fish and sundry other things of the inhabitants as sleddes bridles kettels of fishskinnes kniues of bone and such other like And our Sauage declared vnto vs the vse of all those things And taking in his hand one of those countrey bridles he caught one of our dogges and hampred him handsomely therein as we doe our horses and with a whip in his hand he taught the dogge to drawe in a sled as we doe horses in a coach setting himselfe thereupon like a guide so that we might see they vse dogges for that purpose that we do our horses And we found since by experience that the lesser sort of dogges they feede fatte and keepe them as domesticall cattell in their tents for their eating and the greater sort serue for the vse of drawing their sleds The twentie ninth of Iuly about fiue leagues from Beares sound we discouered a Bay which being fenced on ech side with smal Ilands lying off the maine which breake the force of the tides and make the place free from any indrafts of yce did prooue a very fit harborow for our ships where we came to ancker vnder a small Ilande which now together with the sound is called by the name of that right Honourable and vertuous Ladie Anne Countesse of Warwicke And this is the furthest place that this yeere we haue entred vp within the streites and is rekoned from the Cape of the Queenes foreland which is the entrance of the streites not aboue 30 leagues Upon this Iland was found good store of the Ore which in the washing helde gold to our thinking plainly to be seene wherâ—upon it was thought best rather to load here where there was store and indifferent good then to seeke further for better and spend time with ieoperdie And therefore our Generall setting the Myners to worke and shewing first a good president of a painefull labourer and a good Captaine in himselfe gaue good examples for others to follow him whereupon euery man both better and worse with their best endeuours willingly layde to their helping hands And the next day being the thirtieth of Iuly the Michaell was sent ouer to Iackmans sound for the Ayde and the whole companie to come thither Upon the maine land ouer against the Counâ—esses Iland we discouered and behelde to our great maruell the poore caues and houses of those countrey people which serue them as it should seeme for their winter dwellings and are made two fadome vnder grounde in compasse round like to an Ouen being ioyned fast one by another hauing holes like to a Foxe or Conny berry to keepe and come togither They vndertrenched these places with gutters so that the water falling from the hilles aboue them may slide away without their annoyance and are seated commonly in the foote of a hill to shield them better from the cold windes hauing their doore and entrance euer open towards the South From the ground vpward they builde with whales bones for lacke of timber which bending one ouer another are handsomely compacted in the top together and are couered ouer with Seales skinnes which in stead of tiles fence them from the raine In which house they haue only one roome hauing the one halfe of the floure raised with broad stones a foot higher than y e other whereon strawing Mosse they make their nests to sleep in They defile these dennes most filthily with their beastly feeding dwell so long in a place as we thinke vntill their sluttishnes lothing them they are forced to seeke a sweeter ayre and a new seate and are no doubt a dispersed and wandring nation as the Tartarians and liue in hords and troupes without any certaine abode as may appeare by sundry circumstances of our experience Here our captiue being ashore with vs to declare the vse of such things as we saw stayd himselfe alone behind the company and did set vp fiue small stickes round in a circle one by another with one smal bone placed iust in the middest of all which thing when one of our men perceiued he called vs backe to behold the matter thinking that hee had meant some charme or witchcraft therein But the best coniecture we could make thereof was that hee would thereby his countreymen should vnderstand that for our fiue men which they betrayed the last yeere whom he signified by the fiue stickes he was taken and kept prisoner which he signified by the bone in the midst For afterwards when we shewed him the picture of his countreman which the last yeere was brought into England whose counterfeit we had drawen with boate and other furniture both as he was in his own also in English apparel he was vpon the sudden much amazed thereat and beholding aduisedly the same with silence a good while as though he would streine courtesie whethâ—r should begin the speech for he thought him no doubt a liuely creature at length began to question with him as with his companion and finding him dumb and mute seemed to suspect him as one disdeinfull and would with a little helpe haue growen into choller at the matter vntill at last by feeling and handling hee found him but a deceiuing picture And then with great noise and cryes ceased
had bene there lately nor yet any fresh water in all this way to drinke Being thus wearied with this iourney we returned to the harbour where we left our boates who in our absence had brought their caske a shore for fresh water so we deferred our going to Roanoak vntill the next morning and caused some of those saylers to digge in those sandie hilles for fresh water whereof we found very sufficient That night wee returned aboord with our boates and our whole company in safety The next morning being the 17 of August our boates and company were prepared againe to goe vp to Roanoak but Captaine Spicer had then sent his boat ashore for fresh water by meanes whereof it was ten of the clocke aforenoone before we put from our ships which were then come to an anker within two miles of the shore The Admirals boat was halfe way toward the shore when Captaine Spicer put off from his ship The Admirals boat first passed the breach but not without some danger of sinking for we had a sea brake into our boat which filled vs halfe full of water but by the will of God and carefull styrage of Captaine Cooke we came safe ashore sauing onely that our furniture victuals match and powder were much wet and spoyled For at this time the winde blue at Northeast and direct into the harbour so great a gale that the Sea brake extremely on the barre and the tide went very forcibly at the entrance By that time our Admirals boate was halled ashore and most of our things taken out to dry Captaine Spicer came to the entrance of the breach with his mast standing vp and was halfe passed ouer but by the rash and vndiscreet styrage of Ralph Skinner his Masters mate a very dangerous Sea brake into their boate and ouerset them quite the men kept the boat some in it and some hanging on it but the next sea set the boat on ground where it beat so that some of them were forced to let goe their hold hoping to wade ashore but the Sea still beat them downe so that they could neither stand nor swimme and the boat twise or thrise was turned the keele vpward whereon Captaine Spicer and Skinner hung vntill they sunke were seene no more But foure that could swimme a litle kept themselues in deeper water and were saued by Captain Cookes meanes who so soone as he saw their ouersetting stripped himselfe and foure other that could swimme very well with all haste possible rowed vnto them saued foure They were a 11 in all 7 of the chiefest were drowned whose names were Edward Spicer Ralph Skinner Edward Kelley Thomas Beuis Hance the Surgion Edward Kelborne Robert Coleman This mischance did so much discomfort the saylers that they were all of one mind not to goe any further to seeke the planters But in the end by the commandement perswasion of me and Captaine Cooke they prepared the boates and seeing the Captaine and me so resolute they seemed much more willing Our boates and all things fitted againe we put off from Hatorask being the number of 19 persons in both boates but before we could get to the place where our planters were left it was so exceeding darke that we ouershot the place a quarter of a mile there we espied towards the North end of the Iland y e light of a great fire thorow the woods to the which we presently rowed when wee came right ouer against it we let fall our Grapnel neere the shore sounded with a trumpet a Call afterwardes many familiar English tunes of Songs and called to them friendly but we had no answere we therefore landed at day-breake and coÌ„ming to the fire we found the grasse sundry rotten trees burning about the place From hence we went thorow the woods to that part of the Iland directly ouer against Dasamongwepeuk from thence we returned by the water side round about the North point of the Iland vntill we came to the place where I left our Colony in the yeere 1586. In all this way we saw in the sand the print of the Saluages feet of 2 or 3 sorts troaden y t night and as we entred vp the sandy banke vpon a tree in the very browe thereof were curiously carued these faire Romane letters CRO which letters presently we knew to signifie the place where I should find the planters seated according to a secret token agreed vpon betweene them me at my last departure froÌ„ them which was that in any wayes they should not faile to write or carue on the trees or posts of the dores the name of the place where they should be seated for at my coÌ„ming away they were prepared to remoue from Roanoak 50 miles into the maine Therefore at my departure from them in An. 1587 I willed them that if they should happen to be distressed in any of those places that then they should carue ouer the letters or name a Crosse ✚ in this forme but we found no such signe of distresse And hauing well considered of this we passed toward the place where they were left in sundry houses but we found the houses taken downe and the place very strongly enclosed with a high palisado of great trees with cortynes and flankers very Fort-like and one of the chiefe trees or postes at the right side of the entrance had the barke taken off and 5. foote from the ground in fayre Capitall letters was grauen CROATOAN without any crosse or signe of distresse this done we entred into the palisado where we found many barres of Iron two pigges of Lead foure yron fowlers Iron sacker-shotte and such like heauie things throwen here and there almost ouergrowen with grasse and weedes From thence wee went along by the water side towards the poynt of the Creeke to see if we could find any of their botes or Pinnisse but we could perceiue no signe of them nor any of the last Falkons and small Ordinance which were left with them at my departure from them At our returne from the Creeke some of our Saylers meeting vs tolde vs that they had found where diuers chests had bene hidden and long sithence digged vp againe and broken vp and much of the goods in them spoyled and scattered aboue but nothing left of such things as the Sauages knew any vse of vndefaced Presently Captaine Cooke and I went to the place which was in the ende of an olde trench made two yeeres past by Captaine Amadas wheere wee found fiue Chests that had bene carefully hidden of the Planters and of the same chests three were my owne and about the place many of my things spoyled and broken and my bookes torne from the couers the frames of some of my pictures and Mappes rotten and spoyled with rayne and my armour almost eaten through with rust this could bee no othâ—r but the deede of the Sauages our enemies at Dasamongwepeuk who had watched the
they be driuen by necessitie thereunto which they haue not vsed but by the example of the Samboses but liue onely with fruites and cattell whereof they haue great store This plentie is the occasion that the Sapies desire not warre except they be thervnto prouoked by the inuasions of the Samboses whereas the Samboses for want of foode are inforced thereunto and therefore are not woont onely to take them that they kill but also keepe those that they take vntill such time as they want meate and then they kill them There is also another occasion that prouoketh the Samboses to warre against the Sapies which is for couetousnes of their riches For whereas the Sapies haue an order to burie their did in certaine places appointed for that puâ—pose with their golde about them the Samboses digge vp the ground to haue the same treasure for the Samboses haue not the like store of golde that the Sapies haue In this Island of Sambula we found about 50 boates called Almadyes or Canoas which are made of one peece of woodâ— digged out like a trough but of a good proportion being about 8 yards long and one in breadth hauing a beak-head and a sterne very proportionably made and on the out side artificially carued and painted red and blewe they are able to cary twenty or thirty men but they are about the coast able to cary threescore and vpward In these canoas they rowe standing vpright with an oare somewhat longer then a man the ende whereof is made about the breadth and length of a mans hand of the largest sort They row very swift and in some of them foure rowers and one to steere make as much way as a paire of oares in the Thames of London Their Townes are pretily diuided with a maine streete at the entring in that goeth thorough their Towne and another ouerthwart street which maketh their townes crosse wayes their houses are built in in a ranke very orderly in the face of the street and they are made round like a douecote with stakes set full of Palmito leaues in stead of a wall they are not much more then a fathome large and two of heigth thatched with Palmito leaues very close other some with reede and ouer the roofe thereof for the better garnishing of the same there is a round bundle of reede pretily contriued like a louer in the inner part they make a loft of stickes whereupon they lay all their prouision of victuals a place they reserue at their enterance for the kitchin and the place they lie in is deuided with certaine mattes artificially made with the rine of Palmito trees their bedsteades are of small staues layd along and raysed a foote from the ground vpon which is layde a matte and another vpon them when they liâ—t for other couering they haue none In the middle of the towne there is a house larger and higher then the other but in forme alike adioyning vnto the which there is a place made of foure good stancions of woode and a round roofe ouer it the grounde also raised round with claye a foote highâ— vpon the which floore were strawed many fiue mats this is the Consultation-house the like whereof is in all Townes as the Portugals affirme in which place when they sitte in Counsell the King or Captaine sitteth in the midst and in the Elders vpon the floore by him for they giue reuerence to their Elders and the common sorte sitte round about them There they sitte to examine matters of theft which if a man be taken with to steale but a Portugal cloth from another hee is sold to the Portugals for a slaue They consult also and take order what time they shall goe to warres and as it is certainely reported by the Portugals they take order in gathering of the fruites in the season of the yeere and alâ—o of Palmito wine which is gathered by a hole cut in the top of a tree and a gourde set for the receiuing thereof which falleth in by droppes and yeeldeth fresh wine againe within a moneth and this deuided part and portion-like to euery man by the iudgement of the Captaine and Elders euery man holdeth himselfe contented and this surely I iudge to be a very good order for otherwise whereas scarsitie of Palmito is euery man would haue the same which might breed great strife but of such things as euery man doeth plant for himselfe the sower thereof reapeth it to his owne vse so that nothing is common but that which is vnset by mans hands In their houses there is more common passage of Lizardes like Euats and other greater of blacke and blew colour of neere a foote long besides their tailes then there is with vs of Misem great houses The Sapies and Samboses also vse in their warres bowes and arrowes made of reedes with heads of yron poysoned with the iuyce of a Cucumber whereof I had many in my handes In their battels they haue target-men with broad wicker targets and darts with heades at both endes of yron the one in forme of a two edged sworde a foote and an halfe long and at the other ende the yron long of the same length made to counterpease it that in casting it might flie leuel rather then for any other purpose as I can iudge And when they espie the enemie the Captaine to cheere his men cryeth Hungry and they answere Heygre and with that euery man placeth himselfe in order for about euery target man three bowemen will couer themselues and shoote as they see aduantage and when they giue the onset they make such terrible cryes that they may bee heard two miles off For their beliefe I can heare of none that they haue but in such as they themselues imagine to see in their dreames and so worshippe the pictures whereof wee sawe some like vnto deuils In this Island aforesayde wee soiourned vnto the one and twentieth of December where hauing taken certaine Negros and asmuch of their fruites rise and mill as we could well cary away whereof there was such store that wee might haue laden one of our Barkes therewith wee departed and at our departure diuers of our men being desirous to goe on shore to fetch Pompions which hauing prooued they found to bee very good certaine of the Tygres men went also amongst the which there was a Carpenter a yong man who with his fellowes hauing set manyâ— and caryed them downe to their boates as they were ready to depart desired his fellow to tary while he might goe vp to fetch a few which he had layed by for him selfe who being more licorous then circumspect went vp without weapon and as he went vp alone possibly being marked of the Negros that were vpon the trees espying him what hee did perceauing him to be alone and without weapon dogged him and finding him occupyed in binding his Pompions together came behinde him ouerthrowing him and
sayd riuer where came aboord of vs sundry of their Boates which declared vnto me that they were also bound to the northwards a fishing for Morse and Salmon and gaue me liberally of their white and wheaten bread As we roade in this riuer wee sawe dayly comming downe the riuer many of their Lodias and they that had least had foure and twenty men in them and at the last they grew to thirtie saile of them and amongst the rest there was one of them whose name was Gabriel who shewed me very much friendshippe and he declared vnto mee that all they were bound to Pechora a fishing for Salmons and Morses insomuch that hee shewed mee by demonstrations that with a faire winde wee had seuen or eight dayes sailing to the Riuer Pechora so that I was glad of their company This Gabriel promised to giue mee warning of shoales as hee did indeede Sunday being the one and twentieth day Gabriel gaue me a barrell of Meade and one of his speciall friends gaue me a barrell of beere which was caryed vpon mens backs at least 2 miles Munday we departed from the riuer Cola with all the rest of the said Lodias but sailing before the wind they were all too good for vs but according to promise this Gabriel and his friend did often strike their sayles and caried for vs forsaking their owne company Tuesday at an Eastnortheast sunne we were thwart of Cape S. Iohn It is to be vnderstood that from the Cape S. Iohn vnto the riuer or bay that goeth to Mezen it is all sunke land and full of shoales and dangers you shall haue scant two fadome water and see no land And this present day wee came to an anker thwart of a creeke which is 4 or 5 leagues to the Northwards of the sayd Cape into which creeke Gabriel and his fellow rowed but we could not get in and before night there were aboue 20 saile that went into the sayd creeke the wind being at the Northeast We had indifferent good landfang This afternoone Gabriel came aboord with his skiffe and then I rewarded him for the good company that he kept with vs ouer the shoales with two small iuory combes and a steele glasse with two or three trifles more for which he was not vngratefull But notwithstanding his first company had gotten further to the Northwards Wednesday being Midsummer day we sent our skiffe aland to sound the creeke where they found it almost drie at a low water And all the Lodais within were on ground Although the harborough were euil yet the stormie similitude of Northerly winds tempted vs to set our sayles we let flip a cable and an anker and bare with the harborough for it was then neere a high water and as alwaies in such iourneis varieties do chance when we came vpon the barre in the entrance of the creeke the wind did shrink so suddenly vpon vs that we were not able to lead it in and before we could haue flatted the shippe before the winde we should haue bene on ground on the lee shore so that we were constrained to let fall an anker vnder our sailes and rode in a very breach thinking to haue warpt in Gabriel came out with his skiffe and so did sundry others also shewing their good will to helpe vs but all to no purpose for they were likely to haue bene drowned for their labour in so much that I desired Gabriel to lend me his anker because our owne ankers were two big for our skiffe to layout who sent me his owne and borrowed another also and sent it vs. Then we layd out one of those ankers with a hawser which he had of 140 fadom long thinking to haue warpt in but it would not be for as we shorted vpon y e said warpe the anker came home so that we were faine to beare the end of the warpe that we rushed in vpon the other small anker that Gabriel sent aboord and layd that anker to seawards and then betweene these two ankers we trauersed the ships head to seawards and set our foresaile and maine sayle and when the barke had way we cut the hawser and so gate the sea to our friend and tryed out al that day with our maine corse The Thursday we went roome with Cape S. Iohn where we found indifferent good rode for a Northnortheast wind and for a neede for a North and by West winde Friday at afternoone we weyed and departed from thence the wether being meetly faire the winde at Eastsoutheast and plied for the place where we left our cable and anker and our hawser as soone as we were at an anker the foresaid Gabriel came aboord of vs with 3 or foure more of their small boats and brought with them of their Aquauitae Meade professing vnto me very much friendship and reioiced to see vs againe declaring that they earnestly thought that we had bene lost This Gabriel declared vnto me that they had saued both the ankers and our hauser and after we had thus communed I caused 4 or 5 of them a goe into my cabbin where I gaue them fâ—gs and made them such cheere as I could While I was thus banketing of theÌ„ there came another of their skiffes aboord with one who was a Keril whose name afterwards I learned that he dwelt in Colmogro Gabriel dwelled in the towne of Cola which is not far from the riuers mouth This foresaid Keril said vnto me that one of the ankers which I borowed was his I gaue him thanks for the loue of it thinking it had bene sufficient And as I continued in one accustomed maner that if the present which they brought were worth enterteinment they had it accordingly he brought nothing with him therfore I regarded him but litle And thus we ended they took their leaue and went a shore At their comming ashore Gabriel and Keril were at vnconuenient words and by the eares as I vnderstand the cause was because the one had better enterteinmeÌ„t then the other but you shal vnderstand that Gabriel was not able to make his party good because there were 17 lodias of the Kerils company who tooke his part and but 2 of Gabriels company The next high water Gabriel and his company departed from thence and rowed to their former company and neighbours which were in number 28 at the least and all of them belonging to the riuer Cola. And as I vnderstood Keril made reckoning that the hawser which was fast in his anker should haue bene his owne and at first would not deliuer it to our boat insomuch that I sent him worde that I would complaine vpon him whereupon he deliuered the hawser to my company The next day being Saturday I sent our boat on shore to fetch fresh water and wood and at their comming on shore this Keril welcomed our men most gently and also banketed them and in the meane time caused some of
thereof all his sâ—â—â—es are forgiuen Also they take away the old doore setting in the place the new doore and the old by custome they giue vnto the Serifo After hauing made their praiers with certaine ordinarie and woonted ceremonies the Serifo remaineth in the citie and the captaine of the pilgrimage returneth vnto his pauillion Of the Serifo the king of Mecca THe Serifo is descended of the prophet Mahomet by Fatma daughter of that good prophet and Alli husband to her and sonne in lawe to Mahumet who had no issue male saue this stocke of the Serifo to the eldest sonne whereof the realme commeth by succession This realme hath of reuenues royall euery yeere halfe a million of golde or litle more and all such as are of the prophets kinred or descended of that blood which are almost innumerable are called Emyri that is to say lordes These all goe clothed in greene or at the least haue their turbant greene to bee knowen from the other Neither is it permitted that any of those Christians which dwell or traffique in their Countrey goe clothed in greene neither may they haue any thing of greene about them for they say it is not lawfull for misbeleeuers to weare that colour wherein that great friend and prophet of god Mahomet was woont to be apparelled Of the citie of Mecca THe Citie of Mecca in the Arabian tongue is called Macca that is to say an habitation This citie is inuironed about with exceeding high and barren mountaines and in the plaine betweene the sayde mountaines and the citie are many pleasaunt gardens where groweth great abundaunce of figges grapes apples and melons There is also great abundance of good water and fleshe but not of bread This citie hath no walles about it and containeth in circuite fiue miles The houses are very handsome and commodious and are built like to the houses in Italie The palace of the Serifo is sumptuous and gorgeously adorned The women of the place are courteous â—ocund and louely faire with alluring eyes being hote and libidinous and the most of them naughtie packes The men of this place are giuen to that abhominable cursed and opprobrious vice whereof both men and women make but small account by reason of the pond Zun Zun wherein hauing washed themselues their opinion is that although like the dog they returne to their vomite yet they are clensed from all sinne whatsoeuer of which sin we will hereafter more largely discourse In the midst of the city is y e great Mosquita with the house of Abraham standing in the very middest thereof which Mosquita was built in the time when their prophet liued It is foure square and so great that it containeth two miles in circuit that is to say halfe a mile each side Also it is made in maner of a cloister for that in the midst thereof separate from the rest is the abouesayd house of Abraham also the galleries round about are in maner of 4. streetes and the partitions which diuide the one street from the other are pillars whereof some are of marble and others of lime and stone This famous and sumptuous Mosquita hath 99. gates and 5. steeples from whence the Talismani call the people to the Mosquita And the pilgrimes which are not prouided of tents resort hither and for more deuotion the men and women lie together aloft and beneath one vpoÌ„ another so that their house of praier becommeth worse sometimes then a den of thieues Of the house of Abraham THe house of Abraham is also foure square and made of speckled stone 20. paces high and 40 in circuit And vpon one side of this house within the wall there is a stone of a span long and halfe a span broad which stone as they say before this house was builded fell downe from heauen at the fall whereof was heard a voyce that wheresoeuer this stone fell there should be built the house of God where in God will heare sinners Moreouer they say that when this stone feâ—l from heauen it was not blacke as now but as white as the whitest snow and by reason it hath bene so oft kissed by sinners it is there with become blacke for all the pilgrimes are bound to kisse this stone otherwise they cary their sinnes home with them again The entrance into this house is very small made in maner of a window and as high from the ground as a man can reach so that it is painful to enter This house hath without 31. pillars of brasse set vpon cubike or square stoues being red and greene the which pillars sustaine not ought els saue a threed of copper which reacheth from one to another whereunto are fastened many burning lampes These pillars of brasse were caused to be made by Sultan Soliman grandfather to Sultan Amurath now Emperor After this hauing entred with the difficultie aboue sayd there stand at the entrance two pillars of marble to wit on each side one In the midst there are three of Aloes-wood not very thicke and couered with tiles of India of 1000. colours which serue to vnderproppe the Terratza It is so darke that they can hardly see within for want of light not without an euill smell Without the gate fiue pases is the aboue sayd pond Zun Zun which is that blessed pond that the angell of the lord shewed vnto Agar whiles she went seeking water for her sonne Ismael to drinke Of the ceremonies of the pilgrimes IN the beginning we haue sayd how the Mahumetans haue two feasts in the yeere The one they call Pascha di Ramazaco that is to say The feast of fasting and this feast of fasting is holden thirtie dayes after the feast wherein the Carouan traueileth to Mecca The other is called the feast of the Ramme wherein all they which are of abilitie are bound to sacrifice a Ramme and this they call Bine Bairam that is to say The great feast And as the Carouan departeth from Cairo thirtie dayes after the little feast so like wise they come hither fiue or sixe dayes before the great feast to the ende the pilgrimes may haue time before the feast to finish their rites and ceremonies which are these Departing from the Carouan and being guided by such as are experienced in the way they goe vnto the citie twentie or thirtie in a company as they thinke good walking through a streete which ascendeth by litle and litle till they come vnto a certaine gate whereupon is written on each side in marble stone Babel Salema which in the Arabian tongue signifieth the gate of health And from this place is descried the great Mosquita which enuironeth the house of Abraham which being descried they reuerently salute twise saying Salem Aleâ—h lara sul Alla that is to say Peace to thee ambassadour of God This salutation being ended proceeding on the way they finde an arche vpon their right hand whereon they ascend fiue steps vpon the which is a great voyd place made of
for our discouery The sixt of August we discouered land in 66 degrees 40 minuts of latitude altogether void from the pester of ice we ankered in a very faire rode vnder a braue mount the cliffes whereof were as orient as golde This mount was named Mount Raleigh The rode where our ships lay at anker was called Toâ—nes rode The sound which did compasse the mount was named Exeter sound The foreland towards the North was called Dierscape The foreland towards the South was named Cape Walsingham So soone as we were come to an anker in Totnes rode vnder Mount Raleigh we espied foure white beares at the foot of the mount we supposing them to be goats or wolues manned our boats aud went towards them but when we came neere the shore we found them to be white beares of a monstrous bignesse we being desirous of fresh victuall and the sport began to assault them and I being on land one of them came downe the hill right against me my piece was charged with hailshot a bullet I discharged my piece and shot him in the necke he roared a litle and tooke the water straight making small account of his hurtâ— Then we followed him with our boat and killed him with boare-speares two more that night We found nothing in their mawes but we iudged by their dung that they fed vpon grasse because it appeared in all respects like the dung of an horse wherein we might very plainly see the very strawes The 7 we went on shore to another beare which lay all night vpon the top of an Island vnder Mount Raleigh and when we came vp to him he lay fast asleep I leuelled at his head and the stone of my piece gaue no fire with that he looked vp and layed downe his head againe then I shot being charged with two bullets and strooke him in the head he being but amazed fell backwards whereupon we ran all vpon him with boare-speares and thrust him in the body yet for all that he gript away our boare-speares and wenâ— towards the water and as he was going downe he came backe againe Then our Master shot his boare-speare and strooke him in the head and made him to take the water and swimme into a coue fast by where we killed him and brought him aboord The breadth of his forefoot from one side to the other was foureteene inches ouer They were very fat so as we were constrained to cast the fat away We saw a rauen vpon Mount Raleigh We found withies also growing like low shrubs flowers like Primroses in the sayd place The coast is very mountainous altogether without wood grasse or earth and is onely huge mountaines of stone but the brauest stone that euer we saw The aire was very moderate in this countrey The 8 we departed from Mount Raleigh coasting along the shoare which lieth Southsouthwest and Eastnortheast The 9 our men fell in dislike of their allowance because it was too small as they thought wherupon we made a new proportion euery messe being fiue to a messe should haue foure pound of bread a day twelue wine quarts of beere six Newland fishes and the flesh dayes a gill of pease more so we restrained them from their butter and cheese The 11 we came to the most Southerly cape of this land which we named The Cape of Gods mercy as being the place of our first entrance for the discouery The weather being very foggy we coasted this North land at length when it brake vp we perceiued that we were shot into a very faire entrance or passage being in some places twenty leagues broad and in sâ—me thirty altogether void of any pester of ice the weather very tolerable and the water of the very colour nature and quality of the maine ocean which gaue vs the greater hope of our passage Hauing sailed Northwest sixty leagues in this entrance we discouered certaine Islands standing in the midst thereof hauing open passage on both sides Wherupon our ships diuided themselues the one sailing on the North side the other on the South side of the sayd Isles where we stayed fiue dayes hauing the winde at Southeast very foggy and foule weather The 14 we went on shoare and found signes of people for we found stones layed vp together like a wall and saw the skull of a man or a woman The 15 we heard dogs houle on the shoare which we thought had bene wolues and therefore we went on shoare to kill them When we came on land the dogges came presently to our boat very gently yet we thought they came to pray vpon vs and therefore we shot at them and killed two and about the necke of one of them we found a leatherne coller wherupon we thought them to be tame dogs There were twenty dogs like mastiâ—es with prickt eares and long bush tailes we found a bone in the pizels of their dogs Then we went farther and found two sleads made like ours in England the one was made of firre spruse and oken boords sawen like inch boords the other was made all of whale bone there hung on the tops of the steads three heads of beasts which they had killed We saw here larks rauens and partridges The 17 we went on shoare and in a little thing made like an ouen with stones I found many small trifles as a small canoa made of wood a piece of wood made like an image a bird made of bone beads hauing small holes in one end of them to hang about their necks other small things The coast was very barren without wood or grasse the rocks were very faire like marble full of vaines of diuers colours We found a seale which was killed not long before being fleane and hid vnder stones Our Captaine and Master searched still for probabilities of the passage and first found that this place was all Islands with great sounds passing betweene them Secondly the water remained of one colour with the maine ocean without altering Thirdly we saw to the West of those Isles three or foure whales in askull which they iudged to come from a Westerly sea because to the Eastward we saw not any whale Also as we were rowing into a very great sound lying Southwest froÌ„ whence these whales came vpon the sudden there came a violent counter-checke of a tide from the Southwest against the flood which we came with not knowing from whence it was mainteined Fiftly in sailing twenty leagues within the mouth of this entrance we had sounding in 90 fadoms faire gray osâ—e sand and the further we ran into the Westwards the deeper was the water so that hard aboord the shoare among these Isles we could not haue ground in 330 fadoms Lastly it did ebbe and flow sixe or seuen fadome vp and downe the flood comming from diuers parts so as we could not perceiue the chiefe maintenance thereof The 18 and 19 our Captaine and Master
Hilles of Granges and a Cape lying toward the Southwest about 3 leagues from from vs. The said Cape is on the top of it blunt-pointed and also toward the Sea it endeth in a point wherefore wee named it The pointed Cape on the North side of which there is a plaine Iland And because we would haue notice of the said entrance to see if there were any good hauens we strooke saile for that night The next day being the 17 of the moneth we had stormie weather from Northeast wherefore we tooke our way toward the Southwest vntill thursday morning and we went about 37 leagues till wee came athwart a Bay full of round Ilands like doue houses and therefore wee named them The doue houses And from the Bay of S. Iulian from the which to a Cape that lieth South and by West which wee called Cape Roial there are 7. leagues and toward the West southwest side of the saide Cape there is another that beneath is all craggie and aboue round On the North side of which about halfe a league there lieth a low Iland that Cape we named The Cape of milke Betweene these two Capes there are certaine low Ilands aboue which there are also certaine others that shew that there be some riuers About two leagues from Cape royall wee sounded and found 20 fadome water and there is the greatest fishing of Cods that possible may be for staying for our company in lesse then an houre we tooke aboue an hundred of them Of certaine Ilands that lie betweene Cape Royal and The Cape of milke THe next day being the 18 of the moneth the winde with such rage turned against vs that wâ— were constrained to go backe toward Cape Royal thinking there to finde some harborough and with our boates went to discouer betweene the Cape Royal and the Cape of Milke and found that aboue the low Ilands there is a great and very deepe gulfe within which are certaine Ilands The said gulfe on the Southside is shut vp The foresaid low grounds are on one of the sides of the entrance and Cape Royal is on the other The saide low grounds doe stretch themselues more then halfe a league within the Sea It is a plaine countrey but an ill soile and in the middest of the entrance thereof there is an Iland The saide gulfe in latitude is fourtie eight degrees and an halfe and in longitude * That night we found no harborough and therefore wee lanched out into the Sea leauing the Cape toward the West Of the Iland called S. Iohn FRom the said day vntill the 24 of the moneth being S. Iohns day we had both stormie weather and winde against vs with such darkenesse and mistes that vntill S. Iohns day we could haue no sight of any land and then had we sight of a Cape of land that from Cape Royal lieth Southwest about 35 leagues but that day was so foggie and mistie that we could not come neere land and because it was S. Iohns day we named it Cape S. Iohn Of certaine Ilands called the Ilands of Margaulx and of the kinds of beasts and birds that there are found Of the Iland of Brion and Cape Dolphin THe next day being the 25. of the moneth the weather was also stormie darke and windy but yet we sailed a part of the day toward West North west and in the euening wee put our selues athwart vntill the second quarter when as we departed then did we by our compasse know that we were Northwest by West about seuen leagues and an halfe from the Cape of S. Iohn and as wee were about to hoise saile the winde turned into the Northwest wherefore wee went Southeast about 15. leagues and came to three Ilands two of which are as steepe and vpright as any wall so that it was not possible to climbe them and betweene them there is a little rocke These Ilands were as full of birds as any field or medoâ—â— is of grasse which there do make their nestes and in the greatest of them there was a great and infinite number of those that wee call Margaulx that are white and bigger then any geese which were seuered in one part In the other were onely Godetz but towarâ— the shoare there were of those Godeâ—z and great Apponatz like to those of that Iland that we aboue haue mentioned we went downe to the lowest part of the least Iland where we killed aboue a thousand of those Godetz and Apponatz We put into our boates so many of them as we pleased for in lesse then one houre we might hauâ— filled thirtie such boats of them we named them The Ilands of Margaulx About fiue leaguâ—s froÌ„ the said Ilands on the West there is another Iland that is about two leagues in length and so much in breadâ—h there did we stay all night to take in water and wood That Iland is enuirâ—ned round about with sand and hath a very good road about it three or foure fadome deepe Those Ilands haue the best soile that euer we saw for that one of their fields is more worth thâ—n all the New land We found it all full of goodly trees medowesâ— fields full of wild corne and peason bloomed as thick as ranke and as faire as any can be seene in Britaine so that they seemed to haue bene plowed and sowed There was also great store of gooseberies strawberies damaske roses parselâ—y with other very sweete and pleasant hearbes About the said Iland are very great beastes as great â—s oxen which haue two great teeth in their mouths like vnto Elephants teeth liue also in the Sea We saw one of them sleeping vpon the banke of the water wee thinking to take it went to it with our boates but so soone as he heard vs he cast himselfe into the Sea We also saw beares â—olues we named it Brions Iland About it toward Southeast and Northwest there are great lakes As farre as I could gather and comprehend I thinke that there be some passage betweene New found land and Brions land If so it were it would be a great shortâ—ing aswel of the time as of the way if any perfecâ—ion could be found in it About foure leagues from that Iland toward WestSouthwest is the firme land which seemeth to be as an Iland compassed about with litle Ilands of sands There is a goodly Cape which we named Cape Dolphin for there is the beginning of good grounds On the 27. of Iune we compassed the said lands about that lie West Southwest and a farre off thâ—y seeme to be little hillâ—s of sand for they are but low landes wee could neither goe to them nor land on them because the winde was against vs. That day we went 15. leagues Of the Iland called Alexai and of the cape of S. Peter THe next day we went along the said land about 10. leagues till we came to a Cape of redde land that is all craggie within the which
Damoseâ—s euen as our schooles are full of children in France to learne to reade Moreouer the misrule and riot that they keepe in those houses is very great for very wantonly they sport and dally togither showing whatsoeuer God hath sent them They are no men of great labour They digge their grounds with certaine peeces of wood as bigge as halfe a sword on which ground groweth their corne which they call Offici it is as bigge as our small peason there is great quantitie of it growing in Bresill They haue also great store of Muske-milions Pompâ—ons Gourds Cucumbers Peason and Beanes of euery colour yet differing from ours There groweth also a certaine kind of herbe whereof in Sommer they make great prouision for all the yeere making great account of it and onely men vse of it and first they cause it to be dried in the sunne then weare it about their neckes wrapped in a little beasts skinne made like a little bagge with a hollow peece of sâ—oue or woodlike a pipe then when they please they make pouder of it and then put it in one of the ends of the said Cornet or pâ—pe and laying a cole of fire vpon it at the other ende sucke so long that they fill their bodies full of smoke till that it commeth out of their mouth and nostrils euen as out of the â—onnell of a chimney They say that this doth keepe them warme and in health they neuer goe without some of it about them We our selues haue tryâ—d the same smoke and hauing put it in our mouthes it seemed almost as hot as Pepper The women of that countrey doe labour much more thâ—n the men as well in fishing whereto they are greatly giuen as in tilling and husbanding their grounds and other things as well the men as women and children are very much more able to resist cold then sauage beastes for wee with our owne eyes haue seene some of them when it was coldest which cold was extreme raw and bitter come to our ships starke naked going vpon snow yce which thing seemeth incredible to them that haue not seene it When as the snow and yce lyeth on the ground they take great store of wilde beasts as Faunes Stags Beares Marterns Hares Fores with diuers other sorts whose flesh they eate raw hauing first dried it in y e sunne or smoke and so they doe their fish As farre foorth as we could perceiue and vnderstand by these people it were a very easie thing to bring them to some familiaritie ciuility and make them learne what one would The Lord God for his mercies sake set therunto his helping hand when he seeth cause Amen Of the greatnesse and depth of the said riuer and of the sorts of beasis birdes fishes and other things that we haue seene with the situation of the place Chap. 11. THe said riuer beginneth beyond the Iland of The Assumption ouer against the high mountaines of Hognedo and of the seuen Ilands The distance ouer from one side to the other is about 35 or 40 leagues In the middest it is aboue 200 fadome deepe The surest way to sayle vpon it is on the South side And toward the North that is to say from the said 7 Ilands from side to side there is seuen leagues distance where are also two great riuers that come downe from the hils of Saguenay and make diuers very dangerous shelues in the sea At the entrance of those two riuers we saw many great store of Whales and Sea horses Ouerthwart the said Ilands there is another little riuer that runneth along those marrish grounds about 3 or 4 leagues wherin there is great store of water foules From the entrance of that riuer to Hochelaga there is about 300 leagues distance the originall beginning of it is in the riuer that commeth from Saguenay which riseth and springeth among high sâ—eepe hils it entreth into that riuer before it commeth to the Prouince of Canada on the North side That riuer is very deepe high and streight wherefore it is very dangerous for any vessell to goe vpon it After that riuer followeth the Prouince of Canada wherein are many people dwelling in open boroughes and villages There are also in the circuit and territorie of Canada along and within the said riuer many other Ilands some great some small among which there is one that containeth aboue ten leagues in length full of gooâ—ly and high trees and also many Uines You may goe into it from both sides but yet the surest passage is on the South side On the shore or banke of that riuer Westward there is a goodly faire and delectable bay or creeke conuenient and fit for to harborough ships Hâ—rd by there is in that riuer one place very narrow deepe swist running but it is not passing the third part of a league ouer against the which there is a goodly high peece of land with a towne therein and the countrey about it is very well tilled wroughtâ— as good as possibly can be seene That is the place and abode of Donnacona and of our two men we tooke in our first voyage it is called Stadacona But before we come to it there are 4 other peopled townes that is to say Ayrasâ—e Starnatan Tailla which standeth vpon a hill Scitadin and then Stadagona vnder which towne toward the North the riuer and port of the holy crosse is where we sâ—aied from the 15 of September vntill the 16 of May 1536 and there our ships remained dry as we haue said before That place being past we found the habitation of the people called Teguenondahi standing vpon an high mountaine and the valley of Hochelay which standeth in a Champaigne countrey All the sayd countrey on both sides of the riuer as farre as Hochelay beyond is as faire and plaine as euer was seene There are certaine mountaines farre distant from the said riuer which are to be seene aboue the foresaid townes from which mountaines diuers riuers descend which fall into the said great riuer All that countrey is full of sundry sorts of wood and many Uines vnlesse it be about the places that are inhabited where they haue pulled vp the trees to 〈◊〉 and labour the ground and to build their houses and lodgings There is great store of Stags Deere Beares and other such like sorts of beasts as Connies Hares Marterns Foxes Otters Beuers Weaâ—ls Badgets and Rats exceeding great and diuers other sortes of wilde beastes They cloth themselues with the skinnes of those beasts because they haue nothing else to make them apparell withall There are also many sorts of birdes as Cranes Swannes Bustards wilde Geese white and gray Duckes Thrushes Black-birdes Turtles wilde Pigeons Lenites Finches Red-breasts Stares Nightingales Sparrowes and other Birdes euen as in France Also as we haue said before the said riuer is the plentifullest of fish that euer hath of any man bene seene or
Nouember Take this aduise that if thou depart in February or March from Lisbone then thou shalt goe to beare with the land in nine degrees because that from March forwards raigne most commonly Southeast and Southwest windes And if by this height and course thou bring thy selfe nigh to the shore feare not to bring thy ship into 18 or 20 fadomes for all the coast is cleane and there are no more dangers but such as the sea doth breake vpon And if after thy fall with the land thou haue occasion to goe to the Northward and so going seest certaine sholdes doubt not to come for the North and thou shalt see the cape of Saint Augustine which lyeth as it were sloaping to the seaward and hath as it were a Whales head and hath vpon it a round hill with many hilles round about it And if thou come along the sea coast much about the depth aboue mentioned thou shalt see a little Island called Saint Alexio And from this Island to the cape of Saint Augustine are foure leagues and it standeth in eight degrees and three quarters The course that a man must keepe to the bay called A Bahia de Todos os Santos that is to say The bay of all Saints which lieth on the foresayd coast of Brasil IF thou goe for Bahia de Todos os Santos thou must keepe the course which I haue already set downe and shalt obserue the time from March forwards as also from October forwards Thou shalt vnderstand that the Bahia de Todos os Santos standeth in 13 degrees and â…“ and if thou goe in October or after October then goe to fall with the land in 12 degrees or 12 and a halfe And take this for a warning that when thou seest a white land and long bankes of white sand which shew much like linnen cloth when it is in whiting then thou must go along from the North to the South vntill this white land doe end and thou needest not to feere to goe along the coast for there are no sholds Before thou be cleane past the white land or white sands thou shalt haue sight of an Island that standeth along the bay I say on the Northside of the bay which is called Tapaon and here the land lieth West and by South When thou art so farre shot as Tapaon thou shalt see a certaine great tree which is round and standeth neere the sea vpon the very point of the entrance into Bahia on the Northside And marke well that if thou looke to the Southward and seest no white grounds such as I wrote of before but that they be all behind thee to the Northward then when thou seest none to the Southward thou mayest bee bold to beare in with Bahia And if when thou goest into Bahia to the Northwest and seest the sea to breake feare nothing for it is the breach of a certaine banke whereon thou shalt haue alwayes 5 or 6 fadomes water and this be sure of Thou shalt vnderstand that if thou come for this place from March to the end of April I would wish thee not to fall to the Southward of 13 degrees and a halfe And falling with the land and not seeing the white sands thou shalt striue to goe to the Northward And seeing the land in 13 degrees and a halfe thou shalt haue sight of an hill along the sea And if thou be nigh the land and cannot make it certaine what land it is thou shalt marke if it bee a round high hill along the sea that it is O morro de San Paulo or The hill of Saint Paul and it lieth blacke and bare on the top And from thence to Bahia is tenne leagues And here along this hill on the Northwest side there is a great riuer called Tinsare and it is a very good riuer And in the entrance of Bahia there are sixe or seuen fadomes water in the chanell And I aduise thee that being in the height of 13 degrees and a halfe thou come not neere the land for it hath a bay very dangerous And if thou goe from Bahia to Fernambuck then I aduise thee that thou take good heede of the coast on the Northeast and Southwest and thou shalt goe East if the winde will suffer thee to goe East and so goe thirtie or forty leagues off to the sea I aduise thee that thou beare not in with the land of Fernambuck but in the height of 9 or 10 degrees because that in 11 degrees thou shalt fall with the bay called A Enseada de Vazabaris Also if thou come from Portugal and fallest with the land in eleuen degrees beare not in with it neither come neere it for thou mayest hurt thy selfe in so doing but thou shalt shunne it and goe to the Southward For if thou lie to the North thou shalt bring thy selfe into some trouble This Bay of All Saints standeth in thirteene degrees And from thence to Fernambuck thou hast a hundreth leagues and the coast lyeth Northeast and Southwest And from thence to Rio das Ilhas that is the riuer of the Islands the coast runneth Northeast and Southwest I meane taking a quarter of the North and South The course for Baia das Ilhas that is The bay of the Islands which lie on the sayd coast of Brasil the marks for the finding of them IF thou goe for Baia das Ilhas thou must looke for it in fifteene degrees lacking a quarter If thou be minded as I sayd to goe for these Isles if it bee from March forward thou shalt fall with the land in 15 degrees and a halfe and though it be in 15 degrees and 2 3 it is all the better And if thou haue sight of certaine high hilles that seeme to reach to the skie these hilles are called As Serras Raiemores Then hauing sight of these hilles thou shalt goe along the coast and feare nothing for there are no sholdes along to the North. And when thou seest the Islands thou mayest make accompt they be these which thou seekest for there are no other on al this coast and thou shalt see a round hil along the sea Thou shalt vnderstand that on the North side of this hill is the going in of the riuer But if it chance that thou finde thy selfe in a time that will not suffer thee to goe in then goe along the Islands giuing them a bredth off And thou mayest well come to an ankor hard aboord them for all is cleane ground And thou shalt finde eight or nine fadomes and from thence thou mayest goe into the riuer hard aboord the shore And if it chance that thou goe from the North to the South all along the great Island thou must keepe thy selfe from the land and when thou hast brought it Eastnortheast then thou mayest ankor two cables length from the shore for all is cleane ground If thou chance to arriue on this coast