be_v many_o cave_n cut_v out_o of_o the_o rock_n well_n and_o old_a building_n of_o the_o greek_n witness_v by_o their_o inscription_n there_o very_o frequent_a it_o be_v now_o a_o inconsiderable_a place_n inhabit_v by_o a_o few_o turk_n sari-germen_a by_o the_o turk_n by_o the_o tartar_n topetarkan_n ancient_o chersonesus_n and_o corsuna_n the_o noble_a and_o most_o ancient_a city_n of_o all_o the_o peninsula_n be_v still_o compass_v with_o a_o strong_a stone-wall_n and_o divers_a aqueduct_n and_o other_o noble_a building_n entire_a but_o without_o inhabitant_n the_o turk_n every_o day_n fetch_v away_o the_o marble_n and_o stone_n for_o other_o building_n volodomir_n the_o grand_a tzar_n take_v this_o town_n from_o joannes_n zimisces_n and_o among_o other_o rich_a plunder_v carry_v away_o two_o large_a royal_a brazen_a gate_n to_o kiow_n from_o whence_o boleslaus_n ii_o king_n of_o poland_n transfer_v they_o to_o gnesna_n where_o they_o still_o remain_v they_o say_v also_o that_o volodomir_n be_v here_o baptize_v balachey_n or_o balaclawa_n by_o the_o genovese_n call_v jamboli_n or_o the_o tower_n of_o fish_n the_o sea_n there_o be_v very_o well_o store_v situate_a under_o the_o mountain_n baba_n the_o genovese_n take_v it_o without_o any_o loss_n from_o the_o greek_n and_o make_v it_o a_o very_a commodious_a beautiful_a and_o strong_a haven_n the_o turk_n at_o this_o day_n build_v here_o their_o galley_n and_o ship_n though_o it_o be_v but_o a_o poor_a town_n at_o most_o but_o of_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o fire_n the_o inhabitant_n turk_n jew_n and_o greek_n mangut_n or_o mancus_fw-la be_v a_o very_a magnificent_a city_n though_o not_o by_o the_o seashore_n but_o first_o by_o the_o turk_n and_o afterward_o by_o a_o great_a fire_n it_o be_v so_o waste_v that_o nothing_o now_o remain_v of_o it_o except_o one_o high_a tower_n and_o a_o strong_a stone-house_n whereinto_o the_o cham_n thrust_v the_o russ-ambassador_n as_o often_o as_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n 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in_o a_o town_n of_o about_o seventy_o fire_n there_o be_v also_o divers_a little_a castle_n where_o his_o own_o brethren_n child_n and_o their_o wife_n be_v keep_v sortasse_fw-la be_v a_o town_n where_o the_o ambassador_n of_o foreign_a prince_n have_v many_o time_n liberty_n to_o divert_v themselves_o at_o creme_a or_o crim_n ancient_o taphros_n and_o taphrae_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v call_v crim-tartar_n be_v his_o mint_n and_o a_o very_a strong_a castle_n in_o possession_n of_o the_o tartar_n but_o the_o town_n be_v most_o inhabit_v by_o turk_n in_o all_o about_o a_o hundred_o house_n sidagios_n or_o sudacum_fw-la be_v a_o very_a noble_a and_o strong_a city_n situate_v in_o the_o mountain_n take_v by_o the_o genovese_n from_o the_o greek_n so_o set_v one_o family_n against_o another_o that_o they_o will_v not_o come_v to_o the_o same_o church_n the_o turk_n by_o a_o long_a and_o difficult_a siege_n take_v it_o from_o the_o genovese_n it_o be_v famous_a for_o the_o wine_n grow_v thereabouts_o caffa_n or_o theodosia_n still_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o peninsula_n have_v betwixt_o five_o and_o six_o thousand_o house_n inhabit_v most_o part_n by_o christian_n who_o have_v about_o forty-five_o church_n greek_n armenian_n and_o remainder_n of_o the_o italian_n some_o turk_n and_o few_o tartar_n all_o under_o a_o turkish_a sangiac_n slave_n they_o reckon_v there_o about_o thirty_o thousand_o a_o town_n of_o great_a traffic_n about_o two_o day_n sail_v from_o constantinople_n yet_o be_v it_o nothing_o to_o what_o it_o be_v under_o the_o genovese_n kerky_n be_v a_o little_a town_n of_o the_o tartar_n of_o about_o a_o hundred_o family_n upon_o the_o straight_o call_v ancient_o bosphora_n cimmerius_n which_o be_v here_o about_o three_o league_n broad_a this_o town_n be_v open_a for_o the_o grand_a signior_n will_v not_o allow_v the_o tartar_n to_o have_v any_o fortify_v town_n beside_o przecop_n over_o against_o this_o be_v taman_a a_o town_n and_o castle_n upon_o the_o continent_n in_o the_o country_n call_v ancient_o colchis_n now_o the_o circassian_n or_o petigor-tartar_n karasu_n belong_v to_o the_o cham_n and_o have_v above_o a_o thousand_o house_n tusla_n be_v among_o the_o saltwork_n and_o have_v about_o eighty_o house_n arabet_fw-la or_o orbotec_n be_v a_o double_a castle_n near_o to_o which_o the_o cham_n keep_v his_o stud_n or_o breed_v of_o horse_n which_o be_v reckon_v to_o be_v about_o seventy_o thousand_o the_o country_n towards_o the_o south_n be_v mountainous_a and_o consequent_o well_o water_v the_o rest_n plain_a and_o good_a pasture_n but_o want_v water_n for_o that_o near_a at_o hand_n be_v brackish_a and_o their_o good_a water_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o very_o deep_a well_n of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o want_n dug_n by_o the_o former_a inhabitant_n thus_o much_o of_o the_o chersonesus_n przecop_n the_o country_n of_o przecop_n without_o this_o the_o crim-tartar_n enjoy_v all_o betwixt_o boristhenes_n nieper_n and_o tanais_n don_n which_o from_o ossove_n upon_o the_o don_n to_o the_o nieper_n in_o a_o strait_a line_n be_v account_v about_o four_o hundred_o english_a mile_n but_o the_o nieper_n fetch_v a_o great_a compass_n eastward_o in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v not_o so_o much_o this_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n plain_a and_o even_a ground_n and_o rich_a pasturage_n without_o any_o town_n or_o constant_a habitation_n or_o propriety_n only_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o cham_fw-mi by_o his_o officer_n appoint_v what_o part_n shall_v be_v till_v and_o in_o february_n proclamation_n be_v make_v among_o all_o the_o tartar_n that_o if_o any_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o till_o any_o ground_n they_o shall_v get_v all_o their_o matter_n ready_a by_o such_o a_o day_n when_o they_o will_v go_v to_o such_o a_o place_n commodious_a for_o that_o purpose_n and_o according_o some_o do_v go_v and_o the_o rest_n attend_v upon_o they_o that_o they_o be_v not_o disturb_v betwixt_o this_o plain_a and_o russia_n lie_v waste_v a_o great_a country_n as_o they_o say_v require_v twenty_o day_n to_o cross_v it_o full_a of_o wood_n and_o lake_n and_o sometime_o under-water_n which_o be_v the_o great_a security_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o that_o empire_n the_o government_n be_v whole_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o cham._n crim-tartar_n the_o government_n of_o the_o crim-tartar_n the_o cadi_n determine_v lesser_a cause_n but_o capital_a and_o matter_n of_o great_a importance_n be_v judge_v by_o the_o cham_n himself_o with_o his_o council_n he_o be_v of_o easy_a access_n and_o reasonable_o just_a he_o always_o choose_v a_o galga_n who_o be_v next_o to_o he_o alive_a and_o succeed_v after_o death_n this_o be_v common_o his_o son_n or_o brother_n according_a to_o merit_v if_o any_o one_o have_v better_a pretension_n he_o fly_v to_o the_o grand_a signior_n who_o judge_n the_o cause_n his_o young_a son_n be_v sultan_n and_o be_v bring_v up_o by_o such_o as_o have_v the_o custody_n of_o their_o wife_n with_o who_o they_o be_v educate_v till_o of_o sufficient_a strength_n and_o according_a to_o their_o fitness_n they_o be_v furnish_v with_o command_n either_o in_o his_o own_o country_n or_o be_v recommend_v to_o the_o neighbour_a tartar_n who_o willing_o receive_v they_o part_v also_o be_v hostage_n with_o the_o turk_n when_o the_o family_n of_o gingis-chan_n be_v numerous_a and_o potent_a they_o choose_v always_o the_o chan_n but_o sachibgerei_fw-la and_o deuletigerei_fw-la chans_n make_v away_o with_o most_o of_o they_o and_o settle_v the_o dominion_n in_o their_o own_o posterity_n the_o chan_n have_v many_o officer_n and_o counsellor_n hamiat_fw-la be_v those_o who_o take_v care_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o foreign_a prince_n captain_n also_o coracei_n vlans_n and_o the_o best_a of_o the_o murse_n be_v call_v to_o council_n the_o vlans_n be_v those_o of_o a_o ancient_a family_n of_o chans_n but_o be_v deprive_v of_o it_o by_o the_o gierey_n the_o name_n of_o the_o
new_a werck_n build_v for_o the_o convenient_a harbour_v of_o such_o merchantman_n as_o sail_v that_o way_n but_o the_o great_a royalty_n the_o citizen_n of_o hamburg_n can_v pretend_v to_o without_o the_o limit_n of_o their_o own_o city_n be_v from_o the_o custom-house_n at_o tollenspicker_n not_o far_o from_o winsen_n where_o all_o passenger_n pay_v a_o certain_a toll_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o carriage_n there_o be_v other_o place_n of_o less_o note_n that_o be_v equal_o subject_a to_o this_o city_n and_o lubeck_n and_o pay_v a_o acknowledgement_n to_o both_o corporation_n the_o money_n currant_n in_o hamburg_n money_n money_n and_o the_o adjacent_a part_n be_v the_o same_o as_o in_o the_o empire_n those_o especial_o of_o the_o emperor_n coin_v and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n some_o small_a piece_n be_v coin_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o burgo-master_n and_o radtsherrn_n of_o the_o city_n and_o the_o coin_n of_o all_o trade_a nation_n in_o europe_n will_v pass_v here_o at_o a_o good_a value_n the_o dukedom_n and_o city_n of_o bremen_n the_o dukedom_n of_o bremen_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o lunenburg_n bound_n bound_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o weser_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o german_a or_o british_a ocean_n and_o on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o elb._n which_o large_a plot_n of_o ground_n be_v ancient_o inhabit_v by_o the_o cauci_n a_o valiant_a and_o warlike_a people_n and_o probable_o the_o ancestor_n of_o those_o who_o to_o this_o day_n inherit_v this_o part_n of_o germany_n the_o whole_a dukedom_n be_v subdivide_v into_o several_a lesser_a province_n division_n division_n among_o which_o the_o chief_a be_v the_o bishopric_n of_o verhden_n on_o the_o border_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o lunenburg_n the_o next_o in_o order_n and_o greatness_n be_v the_o land_n of_o bremen_n strict_o so_o call_v contain_v a_o circle_n of_o some_o mile_n round_o that_o large_a and_o famous_a city_n the_o three_o considerable_a province_n be_v wursterland_n on_o the_o sea-coast_n from_o the_o weser_n down_o to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o elb._n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o province_n be_v reckon_v man_n of_o as_o good_a spirit_n and_o as_o brave_a soldier_n as_o any_o subject_n of_o the_o empire_n whatever_o their_o frequent_a rebellion_n under_o the_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n first_o inure_v they_o to_o war_n and_o they_o have_v ever_o since_o delight_v in_o follow_v the_o camp_n it_o be_v report_v of_o they_o that_o in_o the_o height_n of_o their_o obstinacy_n for_o which_o they_o be_v often_o severe_o lash_v by_o many_o of_o the_o archbishop_n they_o never_o build_v themselves_o any_o city_n or_o fort_n of_o defence_n but_o rely_v whole_o upon_o the_o strength_n and_o courage_n of_o their_o companion_n which_o they_o fancy_v a_o sufficient_a bulwark_n against_o the_o sturdy_a enemy_n that_o shall_v dare_v to_o assault_v they_o and_o they_o have_v still_o this_o character_n give_v they_o that_o the_o wursterlander_n will_v fight_v and_o drink_v with_o the_o best_a man_n in_o dutchland_n after_o these_o come_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o hadelia_n or_o hadeliria_n das_fw-la landt_fw-ge hadelen_fw-mi a_o proud_a and_o ignorant_a people_n so_o strange_o enamour_a of_o gay-clothes_n that_o their_o neighbour_n allude_v to_o this_o piece_n of_o vanity_n say_v proverbial_o of_o they_o there_o be_v no_o peasant_n in_o hadeland_n some_o part_n of_o this_o province_n upon_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o elb_n where_o stand_v the_o fort_n of_o ritzenbuttel_n and_o newwerck_a be_v as_o we_o have_v say_v former_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o saxon-lawenburg_a and_o be_v now_o subject_a to_o the_o citizen_n of_o hamburg_n another_o considerable_a portion_n of_o it_o in_o which_o be_v seat_v the_o castle_n and_o town_n of_o atterndorff_n which_o command_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o province_n be_v still_o under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o say_a duke_n and_o no_o part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o bremen_n to_o which_o no_o place_n of_o any_o consequence_n in_o hadelland_n be_v subject_a except_o the_o village_n and_o castle_n of_o nyen-huss_a on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o host_n next_o after_o hadelland_n come_v kedingerland_n in_o which_o be_v seat_v the_o city_n of_o stade_n and_o beyond_o that_o alt-land_n or_o old-land_n a_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a country_n of_o about_o fourteen_o english_a mile_n in_o length_n he_o that_o shall_v travel_v the_o road_n betwixt_o bremen_n and_o stade_n soil_n soil_n will_v be_v apt_a to_o have_v a_o very_a mean_a opinion_n of_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n of_o bremen_n meet_v with_o nothing_o but_o barren_a sand_n and_o heath_n a_o waist_n and_o uninhabited_a country_n and_o yet_o elsewhere_o there_o be_v not_o any_o country_n on_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n full_a of_o pleasant_a field_n and_o meadow_n fruitful_a orchard_n and_o all_o other_o necessary_n or_o delight_n whence_o some_o witty_a geographer_n have_v please_v themselves_o in_o fancy_v the_o dukedom_n of_o bremen_n to_o be_v mighty_a like_o a_o spread_a cloak_n the_o two_o flappe_n of_o which_o contain_v the_o country_n along_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o elb_n and_o weser_n be_v line_v with_o velvet_n or_o plush_n but_o the_o middle_a part_n which_o reach_v from_o vehrden_n up_o as_o far_o as_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o host_n be_v nothing_o but_o course_n canvas_n or_o buckram_n before_o the_o westphalian_a treaty_n in_o the_o year_n 1648_o archbishop_n bishop_n and_o archbishop_n this_o tract_n of_o land_n go_v under_o the_o name_n of_o a_o archbishopric_n and_o all_o the_o prince_n under_o who_o subjection_n it_o be_v be_v style_v archbishop_n of_o bremen_n of_o who_o with_o their_o three_o bishop_n the_o account_n we_o have_v leave_v we_o be_v in_o short_a as_o follows_z 1._o wilhad_n or_o as_o some_o of_o the_o german_a historian_n call_v he_o willibald_a a_o english_a priest_n be_v at_o the_o request_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a send_v over_o into_o germany_n by_o egbert_n archbishop_n of_o york_n about_o the_o year_n 788_o where_o he_o be_v employ_v in_o convert_v the_o infidel_n of_o that_o country_n to_o christianity_n and_o for_o his_o meritorious_a performance_n at_o last_o advance_v to_o the_o bishopric_n of_o bremen_n after_o he_o have_v spend_v several_a year_n in_o a_o vigilant_a execution_n of_o his_o office_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 790_o and_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o cathedral_n at_o bremen_n where_o to_o this_o day_n they_o pretend_v to_o show_v his_o tomb._n 2._o willeric_n another_o english_a man_n be_v say_v to_o have_v succeed_v wilhad_n though_o many_o of_o their_o ancient_a chronologer_n do_v not_o mention_v any_o such_o bishop_n and_o indeed_o the_o whole_a account_n we_o have_v of_o he_o be_v only_o that_o have_v for_o some_o unknown_a time_n some_o upon_o what_o ground_n i_o know_v not_o say_v till_o the_o year_n 840_o enjoy_v this_o jurisdiction_n he_o leave_v his_o see_n to_o 3._o luderic_n a_o german_n the_o old_a saxon_a chronicle_n call_v he_o lenderic_n and_o tell_v we_o that_o for_o his_o intolerable_a pride_n and_o arrogance_n he_o be_v depose_v by_o the_o emperor_n ludowic_n the_o godly_a charles_n the_o great_a be_v son_n who_o change_v the_o bishopric_n of_o bremen_n into_o a_o archbishopric_n by_o set_v up_o into_o this_o man_n place_n 4._o ansgar_o of_o who_o we_o have_v say_v something_o before_o the_o first_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n and_o hamburg_n who_o be_v remove_v to_o bremen_n upon_o the_o sack_n of_o hamburg_n by_o the_o vandal_n in_o the_o year_n 850_o from_o which_o time_n till_o his_o death_n in_o the_o year_n 865_o he_o keep_v both_o the_o title_n the_o archbishop_n of_o colen_n stout_o oppose_v this_o union_n allege_v that_o the_o bishop_n of_o bremen_n have_v always_o be_v suffragans_fw-la to_o his_o see_n and_o that_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o encroachment_n upon_o his_o jurisdiction_n to_o convert_v that_o place_n into_o a_o archbishopric_n but_o the_o emperor_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o these_o murmur_n proceed_v to_o confirm_v this_o new_o confer_v dignity_n to_o ansgar_n and_o his_o successor_n order_v as_o by_o his_o diploma_n still_o extant_a do_v appear_v that_o within_o the_o province_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n and_o hamburg_n shall_v be_v reckon_v all_o the_o bishop_n in_o denmark_n sweden_n norway_n groneland_n halsingland_n island_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o northern_a country_n 5._o rembert_n st._n ansgar_n scholar_n and_o adopt_a son_n be_v immediate_o upon_o his_o predecessor_n death_n advance_v to_o the_o archbishops_n seat_n which_o he_o keep_v tweny-three_a year_n and_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 888._o wilhad_fw-mi ansgar_o and_o this_o rembert_n be_v reckon_v the_o three_o great_a apostle_n of_o the_o saxon_n many_o of_o which_o nation_n have_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o write_v their_o life_n but_o the_o story_n they_o
the_o town_n be_v govern_v by_o a_o court_n of_o schipin_n or_o alderman_n who_o themselves_o be_v subject_a to_o a_o burgomaster_n choose_v yearly_a as_o a_o mayor_n in_o our_o city_n out_o of_o they_o who_o during_o his_o government_n have_v the_o title_n of_o general_n of_o great_a poland_n confer_v on_o he_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n be_v in_o the_o province_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n seven_o mile_n from_o this_o city_n you_o have_v gnesna_n call_v by_o the_o dutch_a gnisen_v former_o the_o metropolis_n of_o poland_n gnesna_n gnesna_n build_v by_o lechus_n the_o first_o duke_n of_o poland_n by_o who_o it_o have_v its_o name_n give_v from_o the_o polish_v word_n gniasao_n which_o signify_v a_o nest_n because_o in_o this_o place_n lechus_n find_v a_o eagle_n nest_n whence_o to_o this_o day_n the_o prince_n of_o poland_n bear_v a_o spread_a eagle_n for_o their_o arms._n this_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o chief_a metropolitan_a archbishop_n in_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o who_o state_n and_o grandeur_n we_o have_v give_v you_o a_o relation_n before_o in_o the_o cathedral_n be_v keep_v a_o inestimable_a treasure_n of_o gold_n silver_n and_o curious_a enamel_a vessel_n leave_v by_o several_a prince_n of_o poland_n and_o archbishop_n of_o this_o see_v which_o be_v much_o increase_v by_o the_o legacy_n of_o henry_n firley_n late_a archbishop_n who_o beside_o many_o vessel_n and_o vestment_n of_o great_a worth_n give_v they_o his_o own_o mitre_n value_v at_o 24000_o polish_v guilder_n which_o be_v reduce_v to_o our_o english_a money_n will_v amount_v to_o about_o 2300_o pound_n sterling_a the_o gate_n lead_v into_o the_o cathedral_n be_v of_o corinthian_a brass_n and_o rare_o wrought_v these_o at_o first_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o monastery_n of_o corsuna_n in_o the_o tauric_n chersonese_n whence_o they_o be_v remove_v to_o kiow_n and_o from_o thence_o bring_v hither_o by_o boleslaus_n the_o second_o in_o the_o year_n 1613_o this_o city_n be_v miserable_o lay_v waist_n by_o fire_n and_o do_v yet_o daily_o loose_a something_o of_o its_o ancient_a glory_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o town_n of_o posnania_n be_v mean_o build_v and_o without_o any_o considerable_a fortification_n their_o building_n except_v only_o the_o church_n monastery_n and_o other_o religious_a house_n be_v most_o common_o of_o wood_n the_o county_n of_o calissia_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o chief_a city_n in_o it_o calissia_n calissia_n by_o the_o polander_v call_v kalisk_n seat_v on_o przoen_n and_o fortify_v with_o a_o strong_a brick_n wall_n stanislaus_n karncow_n archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n found_v here_o a_o stately_a college_n of_o jesuit_n and_o endow_v it_o with_o a_o considerable_a revenue_n the_o country_n round_o this_o city_n be_v general_o like_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o great_a poland_n pleasant_a fruitful_a and_o very_a well_o cultivate_v and_o inhabit_v every_o where_o abound_v with_o great_a town_n and_o village_n among_o which_o borek_n and_o goluchow_n be_v the_o most_o considerable_a the_o former_a for_o a_o famous_a picture_n of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n resort_v to_o with_o a_o great_a opinion_n of_o devotion_n by_o most_o of_o the_o zealous_a romanist_n in_o these_o part_n the_o latter_a for_o a_o extraordinary_a piece_n of_o modern_a architecture_n in_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o count_n of_o lesno_n the_o city_n of_o sirad_n sirad_n sirad_n which_o give_v name_n to_o the_o palatinate_n of_o siradia_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o south_n of_o calissia_n upon_o the_o river_n warta_n it_o be_v fortify_v with_o a_o strong_a brick_n wall_n most_o of_o the_o house_n be_v of_o wood_n and_o very_o mean_a and_o low_a this_o city_n and_o the_o territory_n about_o it_o make_v former_o a_o dukedom_n usual_o give_v to_o the_o second_o son_n of_o the_o polish_v king_n seven_o german_n petricow_n petricow_n or_o twenty_o nine_o english_a mile_n from_o sirad_n lie_v petricow_n a_o neat_a and_o well_o build_v city_n where_o sit_v yearly_o the_o parliament_n of_o poland_n vielun_n vielun_n vielun_n or_o wielun_n be_v somewhat_o differ_v in_o beauty_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n of_o these_o part_n most_o of_o its_o house_n be_v brick_n rava_n be_v as_o populous_a a_o city_n as_o vielun_n rava_n rava_n but_o short_a of_o it_o in_o the_o splendour_n of_o its_o building_n which_o be_v common_o wood_n except_o the_o castle_n which_o be_v brick_n in_o this_o be_v reposit_v a_o four_o part_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o all_o captive_n if_o person_n of_o any_o considerable_a quality_n be_v here_o keep_v prisoner_n instance_n whereof_o we_o have_v in_o the_o natural_a son_n of_o charles_n king_n of_o sweden_n who_o with_o other_o officer_n of_o the_o swedish_n army_n be_v take_v prisoner_n in_o the_o lifland_n war_n and_o baldise_n general_n of_o gustaphus_n adolphus_n force_n who_o with_o streffe_n taiste_v and_o other_o colonel_n be_v take_v in_o the_o war_n of_o prussia_n five_o german_n lowicz_n lowicz_n or_o twenty_o english_a mile_n from_o rava_n lie_v lowicz_n the_o residence_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n it_o be_v a_o place_n much_o more_o populous_a than_o rava_n and_o yearly_a in_o the_o fair-time_n throng_v with_o great_a number_n of_o merchant_n who_o flock_n thither_o from_o all_o quarter_n the_o archbishops_n palace_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o low_a and_o marshy_a ground_n nevertheless_o its_o fabric_n be_v magnificent_a and_o well_o become_v the_o state_n of_o so_o great_a a_o prince_n lancicia_n or_o lanschet_fw-mi give_v denomination_n to_o a_o palatinate_n of_o the_o same_o name_n lancicia_n lancicia_n be_v situate_a in_o a_o low_a and_o fenny_a ground_n encompass_v with_o a_o ditch_n and_o brick_n wall_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n be_v a_o monastery_n which_o may_v easy_o if_o as_o well_o provide_v for_o by_o art_n as_o nature_n be_v make_v impregnable_a there_o be_v beside_o little_a in_o the_o city_n worth_n take_v notice_n of_o except_o the_o great_a fair_n keep_v once_o a_o year_n and_o the_o session_n of_o the_o deputy_n of_o this_o palatinate_n which_o be_v here_o hold_v cujavia_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o masovia_n and_o the_o palatinate_n of_o rava_n cujavia_n cujavia_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o palatinate_v of_o lanschet_fw-mi and_z calissia_n on_o the_o north_n with_o prussia_n it_o contain_v in_o it_o two_o barony_n breast_n which_o lie_v to_o the_o east_n and_o south_n and_o juniuladislavia_n this_o country_n be_v rich_a in_o corn_n and_o cattle_n and_o well_o store_v with_o fish_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o bresty_n lie_v the_o city_n of_o vladislaw_n bresty_n bresty_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o cujavia_n and_o pomeren_n the_o cathedral_n here_o be_v a_o pitiful_a old-fashioned_a piece_n of_o building_n but_o well_o furnish_v with_o plate_n and_o rich_a ornament_n and_o relic_n within_o the_o house_n be_v general_o of_o brick_n mathias_n golanciew_o who_o be_v forty_o two_o year_n bishop_n of_o this_o see_v beautify_v this_o city_n very_o much_o by_o build_v that_o stately_a palace_n which_o be_v see_v at_o this_o day_n in_o vladislaw_n instead_o of_o a_o old_a ruinous_a castle_n and_o sound_v the_o church_n of_o st._n vital_a the_o martyr_n the_o next_o considerable_a place_n be_v bresty_n build_v of_o brick_n and_o wood_n interlayd_v the_o other_o town_n of_o note_n be_v nisaw_n a_o wall_a town_n rasienski_n guard_v with_o a_o fair_a castle_n radschow_n seat_v on_o the_o lake_n goplo_n and_o kowale_n upon_o the_o vistula_n cruswick_n belong_v proper_o to_o the_o palatinate_n of_o bresty_n though_o situate_v upon_o the_o confine_n of_o inouladislavia_n cruswick_n cruswick_n in_o the_o suburb_n of_o this_o city_n stand_v a_o church_n dedicate_v to_o st._n peter_n build_v of_o square_a stone_n with_o a_o college_n of_o twenty_o four_o canon_n in_o the_o adjoin_a island_n stand_v a_o brick_n castle_n build_v by_o popielus_n the_o elder_a who_o choose_v this_o place_n to_o live_v in_o rather_o than_o cracow_n or_o gnesna_n whither_o he_o have_v once_o remove_v his_o court_n as_o be_v of_o too_o timorous_a a_o nature_n to_o trust_v himself_o in_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o russian_n or_o hungarian_n here_o as_o the_o polonian_a chronicle_n report_n papielus_n son_n of_o papielus_n the_o elder_a be_v devour_v by_o mouse_n heaven_n by_o this_o punishment_n revenge_v the_o blood_n of_o several_a of_o his_o relation_n who_o his_o greedy_a ambition_n of_o sway_v the_o sceptre_n have_v prompt_v he_o to_o poison_v at_o a_o banquet_n cromer_n advance_v the_o story_n by_o tell_v we_o that_o his_o father_n in_o his_o ordinary_a revel_n use_v to_o wish_v himself_o and_o his_o child_n this_o kind_n of_o death_n and_o that_o the_o mouse_n be_v miraculous_o generate_v out_o of_o the_o carcase_n of_o his_o poison_a kindred_n prussia_n accurate_a inscripta_fw-la a_o gasparo_n henneberg_n erlichensi_fw-la nobiliss_n o_o &_o tam_fw-la prosapia_fw-la
from_o bructeri_n a_o ancient_a people_n of_o germany_n who_o say_v they_o conquer_v and_o people_v these_o part_n the_o most_o probable_a opinion_n be_v that_o the_o prussian_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o borusci_n a_o people_n former_o inhabit_v some_o part_n of_o russia_n about_o the_o raphaean_a mountain_n whence_o they_o be_v drive_v out_o by_o excessive_a snow_n and_o cold_a for_o to_o omit_v the_o affinity_n there_o be_v among_o the_o three_o word_n borusci_n borussi_n and_o prussi_n the_o ancient_a language_n of_o the_o prussian_n be_v only_o a_o dialect_n of_o the_o russian_a as_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o show_v by_o and_o by_o who_o be_v the_o first_o inhabitant_n of_o prussia_n be_v hard_a to_o find_v out_o then_o the_o etymology_n of_o the_o word_n many_o as_o well_o ancient_a as_o modern_a geographer_n think_v eridanus_n and_o the_o insulae_n electride_v so_o famous_a for_o the_o electrum_n or_o amber_n carry_v all_o greece_n and_o italy_n over_o be_v in_o this_o country_n but_o who_o in_o those_o day_n people_v the_o land_n they_o dare_v not_o determine_v the_o most_o likely_a story_n be_v that_o the_o venedi_n or_o venedae_n a_o large_a branch_n of_o the_o slavonian_a nation_n be_v here_o seat_v this_o seem_v plain_a from_o the_o word_n of_o ptolemy_n who_o tell_v we_o the_o venedi_n upon_o the_o vistula_n have_v on_o the_o south_n the_o phinni_n and_o gythones_n and_o cluverius_n confirm_v the_o assertion_n from_o several_a place_n in_o liefland_n which_o to_o this_o day_n retain_v the_o name_n of_o wenden_n windaw_n vschewende_n etc._n etc._n hence_o come_v the_o mistake_n of_o the_o latin_a poet_n who_o have_v read_v that_o electrum_n be_v bring_v from_o the_o venedi_fw-la confound_v these_o people_n with_o the_o venetian_n of_o italy_n and_o fancy_v padus_n be_v the_o ancient_a eridanus_n beside_o the_o venedi_n the_o galindae_n and_o sudini_n be_v here_o place_v by_o ptolemy_n and_o hartknoch_n prove_v from_o the_o idolatrous_a worship_n use_v former_o in_o prussia_n that_o the_o goth_n be_v sometime_o master_n of_o the_o country_n the_o aelii_n and_o aelvaeones_n reckon_v by_o some_o writer_n as_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o prussia_n be_v goth_n at_o this_o day_n the_o prussian_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o heterogeneous_a people_n make_v up_o of_o swede_n polander_n german_n and_o other_o of_o the_o neighbour_a nation_n the_o whole_a country_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o baltic_a sea_n for_o fifty_o german_n or_o two_o hundred_o english_a mile_n together_o on_o the_o east_n with_o lithvania_n and_o podlachia_n on_o the_o south_n with_o masovia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o vistula_n which_o separate_v it_o from_o cassubia_n and_o part_n of_o pomeren_n the_o chief_a river_n in_o it_o be_v the_o vistula_n nemeni_n cronon_n call_v by_o the_o native_n at_o this_o day_n mimel_n and_o near_o the_o mouth_n of_o it_o russ_n nogat_v elbing_n vuser_n passar_n alla_n pregol_n ossa_n vrebnicz_n louse_n and_o lave_v by_o the_o help_n of_o these_o and_o the_o convenient_a haven_n which_o be_v everywhere_o find_v upon_o the_o baltic_a shore_n all_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o country_n be_v easy_o export_v and_o foreign_a ware_n bring_v in_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v general_o strong-bodyed_a and_o long_o live_v adam_n brememsis_n in_o his_o description_n of_o denmark_n and_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o europe_n tell_v we_o the_o prussian_n be_v grey-eyed_a and_o yellow-haired_a the_o same_o opinion_n the_o ancient_n have_v of_o all_o the_o northern_a nation_n whence_o sidonius_n apollinaris_n speak_v of_o the_o heruli_n who_o doubtless_o come_v out_o of_o this_o country_n say_v hic_fw-la glaucis_fw-la herulus_fw-la genis_fw-la vagatur_fw-la imos_fw-la oceani_fw-la colens_fw-la recessus_fw-la algoso_n prope_fw-la concolor_fw-la profundo_fw-la and_o ausonius_n speak_v of_o bissula_n a_o swabish_a virgin_n take_v captive_a by_o the_o roman_n say_v of_o she_o sic_fw-la latiis_fw-la mutata_fw-la bonis_fw-la germana_n maneret_fw-la ut_fw-la facies_fw-la oculos_fw-la caerula_fw-la flava_fw-la comis_fw-la but_o since_o the_o prussian_n have_v mix_v themselves_o with_o other_o nation_n and_o admit_v of_o the_o modish_a luxury_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o european_a country_n they_o be_v neither_o so_o healthy_a nor_o of_o the_o same_o complexion_n as_o former_o the_o apparel_n of_o the_o prussian-gentry_n be_v not_o much_o different_a from_o though_o not_o altogether_o so_o gaudy_a as_o that_o of_o the_o more_o southern_a nation_n the_o rustic_n wear_v after_o the_o fashion_n of_o their_o forefather_n long_a and_o strait_a coat_n of_o course_n wool_n or_o leather_n it_o be_v reckon_v a_o argument_n of_o more_o than_o ordinary_a riches_n if_o a_o yeoman_n be_v able_a to_o purchase_v a_o holiday_n suit_n of_o course_n english_a cloth_n though_o the_o venedi_n as_o tacitus_n witness_n be_v the_o first_o of_o the_o scythian_a race_n that_o forsake_v their_o wagon_n which_o their_o ancestor_n be_v wont_a to_o live_v in_o and_o begin_v to_o build_v house_n yet_o their_o successor_n be_v not_o yet_o arrive_v at_o any_o great_a curiosity_n in_o architecture_n near_o the_o vistula_n indeed_o which_o be_v the_o ancient_a seat_n of_o the_o venedi_n the_o house_n be_v magnificent_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o wooden_a hut_v which_o you_o meet_v with_o towards_o the_o wild_a confine_n of_o lithvania_n tacitus_n tell_v we_o the_o phenni_n who_o dwell_v in_o these_o part_n have_v no_o other_o shelter_n from_o the_o injury_n of_o the_o weather_n and_o wild_a beast_n than_o the_o bough_n of_o tree_n twist_v together_o and_o to_o this_o day_n the_o invention_n be_v not_o much_o improve_v for_o the_o rude_a commonalty_n have_v yet_o no_o other_o habitation_n than_o hovel_n make_v of_o stake_n interweave_v with_o rod_n and_o cover_v with_o earth_n at_o best_a a_o little_a fern_n the_o many_o incursion_n which_o have_v be_v make_v into_o this_o country_n upon_o the_o several_a late_a quarrel_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o brandenburg_n with_o the_o polander_n and_o swede_n have_v force_v they_o to_o raise_v some_o castle_n and_o fortification_n of_o stone_n but_o otherwise_o a_o stone-house_n be_v as_o rare_a as_o a_o coat_n of_o english_a frieze_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o great_a advancement_n make_v in_o their_o lodging_n for_o the_o ancient_a prussian_n lie_v on_o the_o ground_n or_o sometime_o on_o the_o skin_n of_o beast_n and_o these_o sleep_n on_o straw_n they_o be_v natural_o content_a with_o spare_a diet_n and_o more_o give_v to_o sloth_n then_o gluttony_n or_o drunkenness_n the_o most_o ordinary_a food_n they_o have_v be_v fish_n their_o land_n abound_v with_o great_a store_n of_o river_n and_o lake_n to_o the_o number_n as_o they_o have_v be_v former_o reckon_v by_o some_o of_o their_o monk_n of_o two_o thousand_o thirty_o and_o seven_o they_o never_o use_v to_o eat_v herb_n or_o any_o manner_n of_o root_n before_o the_o teutonick_n order_n come_v among_o they_o so_o that_o it_o seem_v not_o so_o natural_a to_o man_n if_o we_o may_v judge_v of_o man_n nature_n by_o the_o action_n of_o these_o man_n who_o have_v never_o yet_o study_v luxury_n in_o variety_n of_o meat_n and_o drink_n to_o feed_v upon_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o aristotle_n in_o his_o economic_n will_v persuade_v we_o the_o drink_v use_v heretofore_o in_o prussia_n as_o well_o as_o the_o neighbour_a country_n be_v water_n mares-milk_n mix_v sometime_o with_o blood_n and_o mead._n this_o last_o be_v still_o much_o in_o use_n among_o they_o and_o make_v in_o such_o quantity_n that_o they_o can_v afford_v to_o send_v it_o into_o other_o nation_n from_o the_o german_n they_o have_v learn_v the_o art_n of_o brew_v beer_n they_o have_v be_v always_o and_o be_v still_o both_o man_n and_o woman_n much_o give_v to_o drunkenness_n seldom_o or_o never_o keep_v holiday_n without_o a_o fit_a of_o it_o and_o judge_v they_o have_v not_o make_v a_o friend_n welcome_a enough_o except_o the_o whole_a family_n be_v drink_v in_o the_o entertainment_n tractuum_fw-la borussia_n circum_fw-la gedanum_n et_fw-la elbingam_fw-la ab_fw-la incolis_fw-la werder_n appellati_fw-la cum_fw-la adiuncta_fw-la neringia_n nova_fw-la et_fw-la elaboratissima_fw-la delineatio_fw-la authore_fw-la olao_n joannis_n gotho_n 〈…〉_o to_o the_o â—orp_n william_n peachey_n esq_n of_o new_a grouâ—_n in_o sussex_n this_o map_n be_v hum_n bly_z dedicate_v the_o prussian_n as_o we_o have_v say_v have_v little_a or_o no_o knowledge_n of_o the_o use_n of_o money_n before_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n among_o they_o in_o the_o year_n 1230._o these_o man_n come_v out_o of_o germany_n bring_v with_o they_o the_o coin_n of_o their_o country_n among_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o piece_n of_o money_n the_o broad_a bohemian_a gross_n be_v long_a currant_n both_o in_o prussia_n and_o poland_n but_o not_o judge_v that_o small_a stock_n they_o have_v bring_v with_o they_o sufficient_a to_o furnish_v the_o country_n with_o
edward_n the_o confessor_n as_o to_o the_o tribute_n pay_v by_o lewis_n xi_o of_o france_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o then_o that_o it_o be_v well_o know_v upon_o what_o ground_n our_o king_n especial_o henry_n v._n and_o henry_n vi_o the_o latter_a of_o which_o be_v crown_v king_n of_o france_n in_o paris_n pretend_v a_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n before_o his_o day_n and_o what_o reason_n they_o have_v to_o demand_v a_o tribute_n so_o that_o hartknoch_n argument_n draw_v from_o these_o two_o example_n amount_n to_o no_o more_o than_o this_o that_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n have_v never_o any_o more_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n than_o the_o danish_a king_n have_v have_v to_o the_o throne_n of_o england_n or_o the_o english_a to_o the_o sceptre_n of_o france_n and_o what_o kind_n of_o pretension_n those_o be_v historian_n can_v inform_v we_o sveciae_fw-la norvegiae_fw-la et_fw-la daniae_fw-la nova_fw-la tabula_fw-la sweden_n scandia_n or_o scandinavia_n probable_o so_o name_v from_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n who_o call_v themselves_o schaanau_n or_o shane_n though_o junius_n think_v it_o may_v be_v very_o well_o so_o call_v from_o the_o ancient_a word_n schans_n signify_v a_o fortification_n the_o situation_n of_o the_o country_n be_v well_o fence_v by_o the_o greek_n baltia_n or_o basilia_n â—â—tion_n â—â—anâ—â—d_v its_o â—â—tion_n be_v a_o large_a peninsula_n lie_v betwixt_o 55_o and_o 72_o degree_n of_o northerly_a latitude_n and_o about_o 25_o and_o 65_o of_o longitude_n it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o west_n and_o north_n by_o the_o vast_a ocean_n on_o the_o east_n by_o part_n of_o muscovy_n and_o the_o sinus_n finnicus_n and_o on_o the_o south_n by_o the_o baltic_a sea_n which_o peninsula_n be_v inhabit_v by_o divers_a nation_n as_o the_o suiones_n or_o sueci_n queni_fw-la northmanni_n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v account_v the_o store-house_n of_o man_n and_o original_a of_o thirty_o potent_a nation_n disperse_v into_o most_o part_n of_o the_o habitable_a world_n but_o we_o shall_v now_o at_o this_o time_n speak_v only_o of_o the_o principall_a part_n of_o it_o situate_v towards_o the_o most_o easterly_a point_n wherein_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o a_o great_a and_o powerful_a empire_n which_o have_v of_o late_o spread_v itself_o very_o large_o out_o of_o this_o peninsula_n command_v by_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n his_o dominion_n comprehend_v all_o from_o the_o freeze_a sea_n on_o the_o north_n the_o dofrine_n hill_n or_o scar_n on_o the_o west_n the_o lake_n ladoga_n and_o onega_n and_o part_n of_o russia_n on_o the_o east_n and_o the_o sund_n or_o oresund_n and_o the_o baltic_a sea_n on_o the_o south_n omit_v for_o the_o present_a the_o new_a accession_n in_o livonia_n etc._n etc._n of_o which_o in_o due_a place_n that_o we_o may_v speak_v distinct_o of_o this_o great_a empire_n â—â—viâ—â—_n â—â—pâ—â—nd_v â—â—viâ—â—_n we_o will_v begin_v first_o of_o all_o with_o the_o north_n which_o be_v inhabit_v by_o a_o sort_n of_o people_n call_v lap_n or_o laplander_n all_o which_o notwithstanding_o be_v not_o subject_n of_o the_o swede_n the_o easterly_a part_n be_v under_o the_o muscovite_n and_o the_o westerly_a under_o the_o dane_n however_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o they_o indistinct_o their_o manner_n language_n and_o custom_n be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o 1._o lapland_n muscovitick_a lapland_n muscovitick_a lapland_n call_v by_o the_o ancient_a geographer_n biarmia_n at_o present_a by_o the_o swede_n trennis_n by_o the_o russes_z tarchanavoloch_n and_o by_o the_o native_n pyhinienni_n take_v in_o all_o the_o maritime_a tract_n of_o ground_n which_o lie_v from_o about_o kola_n to_o the_o white_a sea_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n or_o province_n 1._o mourmanskoy_n or_o maritime_a leporie_n 2._o tersa_n or_o terskoy_n leporie_n and_o 3._o bellamoreskoy_n leporie_n the_o exact_a description_n whereof_o be_v not_o accurate_o know_v to_o we_o 2._o lapland_n norwegian_a lapland_n norwegian_a lapland_n former_o call_v scrickfinnia_n by_o jornandes_n scretfennia_n now_o finmark_n or_o the_o province_n of_o wardhuus_n run_v all_o along_o the_o norwegian_a shore_n from_o the_o lake_n tornetresk_n near_o the_o dofrine_n hill_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o wardhuus_n but_o how_o much_o more_o easterly_a be_v not_o exact_o discover_v to_o we_o all_o this_o province_n or_o lieutenancy_n belong_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n 3._o swedish_n lapland_n or_o as_o the_o swede_n call_v it_o lapland_n swedish_n lapland_n lapmark_n it_o contain_v all_o that_o most_o southern_a and_o inland_n part_v of_o lappia_n from_o the_o province_n of_o helsingia_a in_o sweden_n to_o the_o lieutenancy_n of_o wardhuus_n or_o quite_o to_o the_o north_n sea_n it_o be_v count_v by_o some_o to_o be_v of_o equal_a extent_n with_o almost_o all_o sweden_n proper_o so_o call_v andr._n buraeus_fw-la say_v it_o contain_v in_o length_n above_o four_o hundred_o english_a mile_n and_o in_o breadth_n three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o this_o lapland_n be_v divide_v into_o six_o lesser_a part_n or_o province_n call_v markar_n i._n e._n land_n all_o which_o have_v their_o name_n from_o the_o most_o remarkable_a river_n that_o run_v through_o each_o of_o they_o 1._o the_o first_o and_o most_o northerly_a of_o all_o be_v tornelapmark_n lapland_n the_o province_n of_o swedish_n lapland_n extend_v itself_o from_o the_o further_a corner_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o bothnia_n all_o along_o or_o near_o to_o the_o north_n sea_n call_v by_o our_o seaman_n north-cape_n 2._o next_o to_o this_o lie_v kimilapmark_n wind_v from_o the_o north_n towards_o the_o east_n and_o bound_v on_o one_o side_n by_o the_o eastern_a bothnia_n on_o another_o by_o that_o part_n of_o lapland_n which_o belong_v to_o russia_n and_o on_o a_o three_o side_n by_o cajania_n and_o carelia_n 3._o west_n of_o tornelapmark_n lie_v lulalapmark_n which_o have_v on_o the_o westside_n the_o dofrine_n hill_n and_o also_o on_o the_o south_n 4._o pithalapmark_n a_o province_n very_o mountainous_a and_o barren_a 5._o next_o to_o this_o vmalapmark_n bound_v as_o the_o former_a upon_o the_o west_n bothnia_n and_o the_o dofrine_n hill_n 6._o south_n of_o which_o lie_v angermandlandslapmark_n border_v upon_o angermannia_n and_o temptia_n though_o angermandlandslapmark_n and_o vmalapmark_n be_v by_o many_o author_n reckon_v for_o one_o because_o they_o be_v both_o govern_v by_o one_o lieutenant_n yet_o be_v they_o distinct_a province_n each_o of_o these_o province_n be_v according_a to_o the_o ancient_a manner_n of_o the_o country_n subdivide_v into_o lesser_a part_n call_v by_o the_o swede_n byar_n division_n their_o lesser_a division_n and_o be_v equivalent_a to_o our_o shire_n and_o the_o pagi_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o ancient_n which_o be_v not_o village_n or_o country_n town_n but_o large_a part_n of_o a_o country_n there_o be_v several_a of_o these_o shire_n or_o pagi_n in_o each_o province_n except_o angermandlandslapmark_n which_o make_v but_o one_o pagus_n vulgar_o call_v aosahla_n vmalapmark_n have_v four_o vma_n lais_n or_o raanby_n granby_n and_o vapsteen_n pithalapmark_n have_v seven_o graotreskby_n arfwejerfsby_n lochteby_n arrieplogsby_n wisierfby_n norvesterby_n westerby_n lulalapmark_n have_v five_o jochmoch_n sochjoch_n torpinjaur_n zerkislocht_v and_o rautomjaur_n tornelapmark_n have_v nine_o tingewaara_o siggewaara_n sondewara_fw-mi ronolaby_o pellejerf_n kiedkajerf_n mansialka_n saodankyla_n and_o kithilaby_n so_o that_o all_o the_o territory_n be_v divide_v into_o thirty-three_a byars_n in_o each_o of_o these_o there_o be_v several_a clan_n or_o family_n which_o the_o swede_n call_v rakar_n in_o the_o byar_n call_v aosahla_n there_o be_v about_o thirty_o in_o other_o more_o or_o less_o according_a as_o they_o be_v in_o bigness_n and_o fertility_n distinguish_v by_o several_a name_n each_o of_o which_o have_v a_o certain_a alotment_n of_o ground_n assign_v they_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o themselves_o and_o their_o cattle_n not_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o country_n farm_n but_o of_o a_o very_a great_a length_n and_o breadth_n so_o as_o sometime_o to_o contain_v river_n lake_n wood_n and_o the_o like_a which_o all_o belong_v to_o one_o clan_n or_o family_n who_o enjoy_v it_o all_o in_o common_a without_o appropriate_v it_o to_o several_a person_n and_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o division_n of_o lapland_n not_o late_o make_v except_o that_o under_o charles_n ix_o some_o clan_o have_v certain_a allotment_n assign_v they_o but_o derive_v from_o very_o ancient_a time_n as_o appear_v from_o hence_o that_o neither_o the_o laplander_n have_v know_v nor_o the_o swede_n give_v they_o any_o other_o since_o the_o country_n have_v be_v under_o their_o subjection_n and_o it_o may_v not_o seem_v improbable_a that_o this_o manner_n of_o possess_v be_v begin_v immediate_o after_o the_o flood_n propriety_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o populousness_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o lapland_n suppose_v the_o
their_o lodging_n be_v open_a to_o all_o comer_n who_o be_v welcome_a to_o such_o entertainment_n as_o the_o house_n afford_v tacitus_n and_o other_o give_v the_o same_o account_n of_o they_o nor_o have_v the_o german_a nobleman_n to_o this_o day_n degenerate_v from_o the_o good_a nature_n and_o hospitality_n of_o their_o forefather_n the_o relation_n which_o a_o modern_a italian_a writer_n give_v of_o sweden_n be_v as_o applicable_a to_o germany_n per_fw-la le_fw-fr strade_fw-mi non_fw-la sono_fw-la assassini_fw-la si_fw-la che_fw-it si_fw-mi va_fw-fr molto_fw-mi sicurament_fw-mi pochissimo_fw-la si_fw-la spendi_fw-la da_fw-la viandanti_fw-la non_fw-la usando_fw-la di_fw-it dimandar_n cosa_fw-mi alcuna_fw-la per_fw-la conto_fw-la dell_fw-it '_o albergo_v o_fw-it del_fw-it cibo_fw-la i._n e._n there_o be_v here_o no_o murder_n nor_o robbery_n commit_v on_o the_o highway_n but_o you_o may_v travel_v with_o all_o imaginable_a security_n beside_o you_o travel_v cheap_a in_o this_o country_n because_o you_o pay_v nothing_o or_o very_o little_a for_o your_o victual_n and_o lodging_n the_o only_a inconvenience_n you_o meet_v with_o on_o the_o road_n be_v the_o be_v condemn_v to_o ride_v night_n and_o day_n in_o a_o post-waggon_n so_o they_o call_v it_o which_o will_v carry_v you_o little_o fast_o than_o a_o footpace_n if_o you_o chance_v to_o have_v the_o privilege_n of_o rest_v two_o or_o three_o hour_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o winter-night_n the_o best_a bed_v you_o be_v to_o expect_v be_v clean_a straw_n upon_o which_o all_o that_o meet_v together_o man_n and_o woman_n noble_n and_o peasant_n promiscuous_o tumble_v that_o the_o german_n be_v ancient_o man_n of_o courage_n â—alour_n â—alour_n and_o take_v that_o name_n from_o their_o prowess_n we_o have_v already_o show_v willichius_n give_v this_o high_a character_n of_o the_o present_a german_n vincuntur_fw-la quidem_fw-la germani_n sed_fw-la non_fw-la nisi_fw-la a_o germanis_fw-la i._n e._n it_o be_v indeed_o possible_a the_o german_n may_v be_v conquer_v but_o it_o must_v be_v do_v by_o german_n we_o have_v a_o good_a proof_n of_o this_o in_o their_o late_a war_n wherein_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n gustavus_n adolphus_n vanquish_v the_o emperor_n with_o his_o own_o subject_n that_o great_a prince_n army_n have_v be_v quick_o overthrow_v and_o swallow_v up_o by_o the_o imperialist_n have_v not_o the_o saxon_n and_o brandenburger_n help_v he_o out_o the_o only_a instance_n of_o want_n of_o courage_n in_o a_o german_a army_n which_o we_o meet_v with_o in_o history_n be_v that_o which_o we_o find_v record_v of_o the_o count_n of_o mansfield_n army_n consist_v of_o fifty_o thousand_o man_n who_o suffer_v a_o small_a body_n of_o ten_o thousand_o turk_n to_o pass_v by_o their_o trench_n without_o disturbance_n and_o to_o relieve_v grand_fw-mi a_o great_a town_n in_o hungary_n before_o their_o face_n but_o we_o be_v not_o to_o argue_v from_o this_o one_o passage_n that_o the_o high_a dutch_a soldier_n want_v valour_n we_o may_v be_v sufficient_o convince_v of_o the_o contrary_a when_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o imperial_a crown_n never_o yet_o fall_v from_o their_o head_n notwithstanding_o the_o many_o vigorous_a assault_n make_v by_o some_o of_o their_o potent_a neighbour_n donatus_n gianottus_n a_o late_a italian_a historian_n confess_v that_o non_fw-la e_fw-la dubio_fw-la che_fw-it se_fw-mi le_fw-fr forze_n dell_fw-it '_o alemagna_fw-la fusseno_fw-la unite_v habberebbe_fw-it l'_fw-it italia_n a_o temer_n di_fw-mi loro_fw-mi molto_fw-mi piu_fw-mi che_fw-it di_fw-it quelle_fw-fr del_fw-it turco_n i._n e._n it_o be_v no_o question_n but_o if_o the_o prince_n of_o germany_n will_v amicable_o compose_v difference_n among_o themselves_o and_o unite_v their_o force_n italy_n will_v have_v reason_n to_o fear_v they_o much_o more_o than_o the_o turk_n and_o any_o man_n will_v find_v reason_n to_o believe_v he_o that_o shall_v consider_v what_o vast_a number_n of_o fight_a man_n most_o of_o their_o elector_n and_o some_o of_o their_o less_o potent_a prince_n can_v raise_v upon_o occasion_n but_o of_o this_o more_o hereafter_o beside_o the_o german_a soldier_n be_v general_o tough_a hardy_a fellow_n who_o can_v scarce_o meet_v with_o harsh_a entertainment_n and_o worse_a lodging_n in_o any_o foreign_a camp_n than_o they_o have_v be_v breed_v up_o to_o at_o home_n it_o be_v a_o know_a adage_n germani_n duros_fw-la possunt_fw-la sufferre_fw-la labores_fw-la they_o be_v a_o people_n use_v to_o hardship_n and_o therefore_o can_v easy_o undergo_v the_o inconvenience_n of_o war_n the_o croat_n and_o swisser_n the_o former_a for_o horseman_n and_o the_o late_a for_o foot_n be_v famous_a all_o europe_n over_o the_o only_a blot_n in_o the_o scutcheon_n of_o a_o german_a soldier_n be_v that_o he_o be_v too_o mercenary_a we_o have_v a_o remarkable_a instance_n of_o this_o in_o the_o army_n command_v by_o frideric_n elector_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o prague_n where_o the_o great_a part_n of_o that_o brave_a general_n be_v army_n throw_v down_o their_o weapon_n cry_v out_o geld_v geld_v i._n e._n money_n money_n intimate_v that_o without_o better_a pay_n they_o be_v resolve_v to_o fight_v no_o long_o and_o the_o king_n of_o france_n have_v find_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o in_o his_o late_a victory_n many_o of_o which_o even_o in_o germany_n be_v obtain_v by_o the_o assistance_n of_o german_a force_n which_o desert_v their_o country_n and_o fight_v under_o his_o banner_n in_o hope_n of_o better_a pay_n than_o they_o can_v expect_v from_o the_o confederate_n the_o high_a dutch_a commander_n have_v be_v brand_v with_o ignorance_n of_o martial_a discipline_n discipline_n martial_a discipline_n and_o want_v of_o conduct_n but_o the_o many_o famous_a general_n which_o their_o country_n have_v breed_v up_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o little_a more_o than_o this_o last_o century_n have_v take_v off_o that_o scandal_n such_o be_v 1._o frideric_n the_o second_o count_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n who_o brave_o defend_v vienna_n against_o the_o turk_n and_o first_o introduce_v the_o reform_a religion_n into_o the_o palatinate_n 2._o albert_n elector_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o in_o some_o of_o the_o dutch_a history_n be_v style_v the_o achilles_n of_o germany_n 3._o albert_n wallenstein_n duke_n of_o frideland_n who_o equal_v gustavus_n adolphus_n in_o valour_n and_o prudent_a conduct_n and_o want_v nothing_o but_o success_n to_o make_v he_o as_o renown_v a_o general_n to_o these_o we_o may_v add_v the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n of_o which_o excellent_a prince_n we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o give_v a_o character_n hereafter_o with_o many_o other_o the_o great_a recreation_n among_o the_o nobility_n recreation_n recreation_n in_o summer_n be_v hunt_v the_o deer_n and_o wild_a boar_n with_o both_o which_o kind_n of_o venison_n the_o wood_n and_o forest_n in_o germany_n abound_v it_o be_v the_o fashion_n in_o many_o of_o the_o prince_n court_n to_o hang_v up_o the_o picture_n of_o such_o huge_a boar_n as_o have_v be_v take_v by_o they_o which_o be_v near_o akin_a to_o the_o custom_n practise_v by_o some_o of_o our_o english_a gentry_n of_o hang_v up_o the_o skin_n of_o fox_n and_o badger_n and_o antler_n of_o stag_n in_o their_o hall_n in_o the_o winter_n when_o the_o snow_n lie_v thick_a on_o the_o ground_n they_o have_v a_o custom_n in_o city_n and_o great_a town_n to_o ride_v round_o the_o street_n in_o sledge_n which_o be_v shape_v much_o like_o the_o sella_n curulis_fw-la or_o triumphal_a chariot_n among_o the_o roman_n if_o the_o writer_n of_o the_o latin_a antiquity_n have_v describe_v it_o right_n and_o draw_v by_o a_o horse_n rich_o trap_v with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o little_a bell_n and_o feather_n of_o divers_a colour_n tacitus_n report_v of_o the_o ancient_a german_n game_n game_n that_o they_o be_v immoderate_a player_n at_o die_n insomuch_o that_o they_o will_v game_n away_o their_o money_n clothes_n estate_n and_o last_o of_o all_o their_o liberty_n the_o loser_n be_v bind_v to_o resign_v himself_o up_o into_o perpetual_a slavery_n to_o the_o conqueror_n this_o unreasonable_a kind_n of_o game_n be_v long_o since_o lay_v aside_o but_o they_o still_o retain_v among_o they_o a_o great_a respect_n for_o the_o play_n at_o chess_n at_o which_o they_o be_v general_o expert_a gamester_n this_o game_n in_o their_o tongue_n be_v call_v schachspiel_n which_o signify_v exact_o the_o same_o thing_n with_o the_o latin_a latrunculorum_fw-la ludus_fw-la for_o in_o the_o old_a german_a law_n collect_v by_o lindenbrogius_fw-la and_o other_o schacher_n or_o schachman_n signify_v a_o robber_n and_o schach_n latrocinium_fw-la theft_n the_o learned_a prince_n augustus_n late_a duke_n of_o brunswic-wulfenbuttel_a who_o publish_v a_o accurate_a explication_n of_o trithemius_n cryptography_n under_o the_o feign_a name_n of_o gustavus_n selenus_n write_v a_o incomparable_a treatise_n concern_v chess-play_n in_o the_o german_a tongue_n wherein_o he_o give_v a_o learned_a
the_o name_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o bremen_n the_o name_n of_o this_o city_n be_v fetch_v by_o some_o from_o one_o luba_n a_o famous_a fisherman_n that_o heretofore_o pitch_v his_o tent_n upon_o the_o seashore_n in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o afterward_o the_o great_a city_n of_o lubec_n be_v build_v but_o this_o fiction_n be_v of_o the_o same_o stamp_n with_o the_o frivolous_a etymology_n with_o which_o some_o of_o our_o english_a historian_n have_v furnish_v we_o of_o britain_n from_o brutus_n and_o london_n from_o king_n lud._n other_o tell_v we_o that_o lubec_n in_o the_o old_a wendish_n tongue_n signify_v a_o crown_n and_o therefore_o will_v persuade_v we_o that_o this_o town_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o preeminence_n which_o immediate_o after_o its_o first_o foundation_n it_o may_v just_o challenge_v among_o the_o other_o city_n of_o germany_n whence_o lindebergius_n allude_v to_o this_o etymology_n conclude_v his_o elogium_fw-la in_o the_o praise_n of_o lubec_n with_o this_o distich_n et_fw-la decus_fw-la europae_n &_o lumen_fw-la sit_fw-la totius_fw-la ansae_fw-la et_fw-la sit_fw-la vandalici_n pulchra_fw-la corona_n soli_fw-la but_o the_o most_o probable_a opinion_n be_v what_o we_o have_v before_o mention_v that_o the_o name_n be_v true_o high-dutch_a and_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o lobeck_a or_o ein_fw-mi eck_fw-mi des_fw-fr lobe_n a_o corner_n of_o land_n for_o upon_o such_o a_o plot_n of_o ground_n it_o be_v situate_a commendable_a for_o something_o or_o other_o in_o it_o extraordinary_a and_o notable_a the_o polish_v historian_n particular_o j._n ludowic_n decius_n in_o his_o history_n of_o sigismond_n ii_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v very_o zealous_a in_o assert_v that_o this_o great_a city_n owe_v its_o birth_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o their_o country_n who_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o all_o this_o part_n of_o germany_n build_v a_o fort_n and_o in_o some_o short_a time_n after_o a_o wall_a town_n in_o that_o neck_n of_o land_n upon_o which_o lubec_n stand_v but_o the_o german_n as_o vigorous_o oppose_v this_o assertion_n affirm_v that_o godschalck_n a_o certain_a king_n of_o the_o vandal_n lay_v the_o first_o foundation_n of_o the_o town_n a._n d._n 1040_o which_o small_a beginning_n be_v enlarge_v into_o the_o bulk_n of_o a_o considerable_a city_n by_o crito_n a_o prince_n of_o rugen_n in_o the_o year_n 1104_o or_o as_o other_o 1087._o but_o however_o this_o be_v certain_a that_o it_o be_v never_o a_o city_n nor_o have_v any_o charter_n confirm_v to_o it_o before_o it_o have_v be_v once_o utter_o ruin_v and_o lay_v desolate_a by_o ratzo_n prince_n of_o rugen_n in_o the_o year_n 1134_o and_o rebuilt_a by_o adolph_n ii_o earl_n of_o holstein_n a._n d._n 1140_o who_o be_v unable_a to_o defend_v any_o part_n of_o his_o territory_n against_o the_o victorious_a duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o bavaria_n henry_n ii_o surname_v the_o lion_n be_v force_v to_o yield_v up_o to_o he_o lubec_n among_o the_o other_o conquer_a part_n of_o his_o dominion_n afterward_o when_o success_n and_o pride_n have_v swell_v henry_n to_o that_o height_n as_o to_o make_v he_o neglect_v his_o duty_n and_o allegiance_n to_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n barbarossa_n and_o to_o side_n with_o the_o pope_n in_o a_o quarrel_n against_o he_o he_o be_v by_o the_o say_a emperor_n public_o proscribe_v and_o devour_v by_o the_o joint_a force_n of_o his_o neighbour_n prince_n every_o one_o lay_v hold_n of_o that_o part_n of_o his_o estate_n which_o lie_v next_o he_o in_o this_o confusion_n lubec_n be_v besiege_v and_o take_v by_o the_o emperor_n himself_o but_o after_o his_o death_n restore_v to_o the_o forementioned_a duke_n henry_n afterward_o it_o be_v conquer_v by_o waldemar_n duke_n of_o sleswic_n and_o brother_n to_o canutus_n king_n of_o denmark_n but_o not_o long_o after_o the_o citizen_n find_v themselves_o too_o severe_o treat_v by_o their_o danish_a lord_n put_v their_o city_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n ii_o who_o grant_v they_o several_a privilege_n and_o immunity_n and_o restore_v they_o to_o the_o ancient_a liberty_n which_o they_o have_v enjoy_v under_o their_o first_o master_n since_o that_o time_n lubec_n have_v continue_v a_o imperial_a city_n be_v always_o reckon_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a in_o the_o empire_n and_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o hans-town_n the_o bishopric_n of_o lubec_n which_o since_o john_n adolph_n duke_n of_o holstein_n be_v elect_v bishop_n of_o that_o see_v in_o the_o year_n 1596_o have_v always_o be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o some_o of_o the_o young_a brother_n of_o that_o house_n be_v first_o found_v by_o the_o emperor_n otho_n i._o at_o oldenburg_n in_o wagerland_n and_o afterward_o remove_v hither_o with_o the_o permission_n of_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n i._o by_o henry_n the_o lion_n duke_n of_o saxony_n in_o the_o year_n 1163._o there_o be_v not_o any_o city_n in_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n which_o at_o this_o day_n excel_v or_o perhaps_o can_v equalise_v lubec_n either_o in_o beauty_n or_o uniformity_n of_o its_o building_n or_o pleasantness_n of_o its_o garden_n and_o grove_n the_o street_n be_v general_o strait_a and_o even_o the_o house_n be_v all_o build_v with_o brick_n and_o cover_v with_o tile_n in_o the_o year_n 1238_o a_o great_a fire_n hap'n_v in_o the_o city_n burn_v down_o many_o of_o their_o street_n which_o at_o that_o time_n consist_v of_o house_n make_v of_o timber_n and_o cover_v with_o thatch_n whereupon_o the_o senator_n of_o the_o city_n make_v a_o order_n that_o thenceforward_o no_o such_o house_n shall_v be_v build_v within_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o town_n from_o the_o public_a conduit_n they_o have_v water_n convey_v by_o pipe_n into_o every_o citizen_n private_a house_n according_a to_o which_o pattern_n the_o conduit_n in_o london_n and_o other_o great_a city_n in_o europe_n be_v first_o contrive_v the_o street_n be_v in_o several_a place_n grace_v with_o row_n of_o linden_n tree_n plant_v on_o each_o side_n the_o church_n about_o twenty_o in_o number_n be_v general_o well_o build_v and_o adorn_v with_o high_a steeple_n or_o spire_n especial_o the_o cathedral_n dedicate_v to_o st._n mary_n which_o be_v a_o piece_n of_o as_o curious_a architecture_n as_o most_o in_o germany_n the_o river_n trave_n on_o which_o lubec_n be_v seat_v about_o eight_o or_o ten_o english_a mile_n from_o the_o sea_n be_v large_a and_o deep_a enough_o to_o carry_v the_o large_a vessel_n that_o sail_v upon_o the_o baltic_a so_o that_o daily_a merchantman_n of_o the_o great_a bulk_n as_o well_o as_o flat_o bottom_v barge_n be_v bring_v up_o to_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n which_o with_o its_o neighbour_n hamburg_n be_v think_v to_o maintain_v near_o six_o hundred_o vessel_n in_o continual_a traffic_n the_o city_n be_v govern_v by_o twelve_o burgo-master_n who_o be_v all_o of_o they_o either_o doctor_n of_o civil_a law_n or_o some_o of_o the_o grave_n and_o experience_a nobility_n of_o the_o city_n the_o common_a council_n be_v make_v up_o of_o half_a lawyer_n and_o noble_n and_o the_o other_o half_a merchant_n their_o law_n will_v not_o permit_v any_o handicraftsman_n two_o brother_n nor_o father_n and_o son_n to_o be_v of_o this_o great_a council_n of_o the_o city_n suppose_v that_o illiterate_a mechanic_n can_v hardly_o have_v so_o much_o skill_n in_o state-affair_n as_o will_v render_v they_o fit_v for_o government_n and_o that_o near_a relation_n will_v be_v apt_a to_o side_n with_o one_o another_o and_o not_o act_v with_o such_o unbiased_a judgement_n as_o other_o that_o be_v nothing_o akin_a ii_o wismar_n wismar_n wismar_n seat_v in_o the_o way_n betwixt_o lubec_n and_o rostoc_n at_o a_o equal_a distance_n namely_o seven_o german_a or_o one_o and_o twenty_o english_a mile_n from_o both_o those_o city_n cromer_z and_o vapovius_fw-la zealous_a assertor_n of_o the_o honour_n of_o their_o country_n derive_v the_o name_n of_o this_o city_n from_o one_o wissimir_n its_o founder_n who_o they_o tell_v we_o be_v a_o polish_v prince_n descend_v from_o their_o great_a duke_n lechus_n the_o ground_n of_o their_o story_n they_o borrow_v from_o saxon_a grammaticus_n and_o crantzius_n who_o report_n that_o wissimirus_n a_o prince_n of_o the_o vandal_n march_v with_o a_o good_a army_n into_o denmark_n and_o there_o slay_v siward_n king_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o at_o his_o return_n build_v wismar_n now_o these_o man_n imagine_v that_o princeps_fw-la vandalicus_n and_o vendicus_n signify_v the_o same_o thing_n conclude_v present_o that_o this_o wissimir_n must_v certain_o have_v be_v a_o pole_n and_o then_o the_o great_a honour_n they_o can_v do_v he_o be_v to_o bring_v he_o from_o the_o loin_n of_o lechus_n whereas_o grant_v the_o main_a part_n of_o crantzius_n story_n which_o nevertheless_o be_v undoubted_o false_a that_o wismar_n be_v indeed_o build_v by_o such_o a_o prince_n as_o
by_o the_o weed_n fowl_n be_v here_o in_o great_a abundance_n and_o variety_n fowl_n fowl_n our_o man_n have_v see_v those_o they_o call_v bassgeese_n or_o such_o as_o once_o a_o year_n come_v to_o breed_v in_o the_o bass_n a_o famous_a rock_n or_o island_n near_o edinburgh_n the_o native_n also_o have_v a_o very_a great_a art_n and_o dexterity_n in_o make_v and_o set_v snare_n and_o springe_n to_o catch_v they_o which_o they_o do_v chief_o for_o their_o skin_n and_o feather_n two_o or_o three_o of_o our_o man_n with_o their_o gun_n kill_v in_o one_o day_n fifteen_o hundred_o and_o find_v they_o worse_o taste_v but_o better_o clothe_v than_o those_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n in_o these_o country_n they_o can_v not_o eat_v they_o till_o flay_v their_o skin_n be_v very_o thick_a tough_a and_o more_o cover_v with_o feather_n which_o also_o be_v not_o easy_o pluck_v off_o which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o the_o native_n dress_v their_o skin_n as_o they_o do_v those_o of_o beast_n and_o 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account_v whatever_o be_v different_a from_o those_o notion_n wherein_o themselves_o have_v be_v educate_v as_o barbarous_a and_o unreasonable_a represent_v they_o in_o the_o time_n of_o ivan_n basilowich_n there_o live_v upon_o the_o river_n wichida_n or_o witsogda_n a_o husbandman_n of_o a_o poor_a and_o vile_a descent_n call_v oneeko_n or_o onyka_n who_o by_o his_o industry_n in_o till_v the_o ground_n come_v to_o very_o great_a riches_n which_o he_o vast_o increase_v afterward_o by_o trade_v among_o many_o child_n he_o have_v three_o son_n jacove_n gregory_n and_o simon_n who_o trade_v in_o common_a these_o man_n with_o their_o father_n deal_v chief_o with_o the_o samoieds_fw-fr that_o come_v yearly_o to_o the_o fair_n of_o osel_n and_o vstiug_n oneeka_n be_v not_o content_a with_o the_o gain_n he_o reap_v by_o his_o trade_n but_o have_v also_o a_o great_a curiosity_n to_o know_v what_o countryman_n and_o whence_o they_o come_v that_o bring_v such_o rich_a fur_n to_o these_o 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confine_n of_o siberia_n but_o whether_o they_o be_v afraid_a that_o their_o riches_n may_v breed_v they_o enemy_n and_o accuser_n at_o the_o court_n where_o they_o be_v sure_a to_o be_v worsted_n or_o whether_o they_o think_v this_o trade_n thus_o manage_v be_v too_o great_a for_o subject_n and_o prejudicial_a to_o their_o prince_n they_o resolve_v to_o declare_v it_o to_o the_o emperor_n and_o to_o make_v the_o advantage_n public_a and_o to_o the_o behoof_n of_o the_o prince_n some_o of_o they_o therefore_o go_v to_o moscow_n and_o by_o rich_a present_n insinuate_v into_o the_o favour_n of_o boris_n godenow_n the_o emperor_n brother-in-law_n and_o himself_z afterward_o also_o emperor_n who_o at_o that_o time_n govern_v under_o a_o weak_a prince_n the_o whole_a empire_n after_o some_o time_n they_o discover_v to_o he_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o country_n of_o samoiedia_n and_o siberia_n what_o they_o have_v see_v and_o observe_v therein_o and_o what_o great_a wealth_n and_o advantage_n may_v thereby_o arrive_v to_o his_o tzaaric_a majesty_n this_o notice_n be_v receive_v of_o boris_n with_o all_o the_o affection_n imaginable_a as_o also_o by_o the_o emperor_n himself_o pheodor_n ivanowich_n and_o first_o of_o all_o they_o confirm_v to_o the_o oneekaes_n so_o great_a privilege_n and_o honour_n as_o a_o subject_n be_v capable_a of_o then_o they_o send_v certain_a gentleman_n and_o soldier_n in_o company_n of_o and_o to_o be_v at_o the_o direction_n and_o discretion_n of_o the_o oneekaes_n they_o order_v they_o to_o be_v rich_o clothe_v and_o to_o carry_v the_o garb_n of_o ambassador_n and_o give_v they_o present_n of_o small_a value_n to_o be_v bestow_v among_o the_o native_n according_a to_o discretion_n enjoin_v they_o to_o observe_v all_o river_n wood_n passage_n very_o diligent_o and_o especial_o such_o place_n as_o may_v be_v most_o convenient_a for_o build_v castle_n and_o town_n as_o also_o to_o use_v the_o people_n with_o all_o gentleness_n and_o kindness_n and_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o bring_v some_o of_o the_o people_n along_o with_o they_o these_o messenger_n with_o those_o who_o the_o oneekaes_n join_v to_o they_o behave_v themselves_o so_o discreet_o and_o be_v so_o liberal_a of_o their_o trifle_n that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n they_o have_v obtain_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o native_n who_o by_o frequent_o insinuate_v the_o great_a power_n and_o majesty_n of_o the_o grand_a tzaar_n make_v he_o almost_o a_o god_n upon_o earth_n and_o the_o happy_a live_n of_o his_o subject_n they_o before_o their_o return_n persuade_v they_o to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o his_o government_n and_o to_o pay_v he_o as_o tribute_n for_o every_o head_n that_o be_v able_a to_o shoot_v a_o pair_n of_o sable_n every_o year_n a_o thing_n not_o value_v by_o the_o samoieds_fw-fr but_o arise_v to_o a_o prodigious_a advantage_n to_o the_o muscovite_n and_o because_o the_o samoieds_n desire_v to_o see_v these_o great_a wonder_n with_o their_o own_o eye_n which_o these_o messenger_n have_v declare_v to_o they_o concern_v muscovy_n and_o the_o emperor_n they_o offer_v to_o take_v divers_a of_o they_o unto_o moscow_n and_o to_o leave_v divers_a of_o their_o own_o people_n who_o may_v live_v and_o learn_v the_o language_n against_o the_o time_n the_o other_o return_v when_o these_o poor_a barbarian_n arrive_v at_o moscow_n and_o see_v all_o the_o gallantry_n of_o the_o court_n the_o majesty_n and_o pomp_n of_o the_o prince_n the_o greatness_n of_o his_o army_n the_o conveniency_n also_o of_o their_o house_n and_o household-stuff_n the_o regularity_n of_o their_o obedience_n in_o sum_n when_o they_o have_v taste_v the_o russes_z meat_n and_o find_v they_o much_o better_a than_o their_o own_o and_o perceive_v the_o civil_a life_n of_o the_o muscovite_n to_o be_v in_o all_o respect_v prefer_v to_o their_o own_o barbarism_n they_o entreat_v that_o they_o may_v be_v accept_v into_o the_o number_n
and_o many_o other_o superstition_n they_o seem_v to_o have_v borrow_v from_o the_o roman_n who_o come_v into_o this_o country_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o palaemon_n hence_o they_o use_v to_o burn_v their_o dead_a expect_v say_v cajalowicz_n part_n i._o hist_n lithv_n lib._n 5._o p._n 140._o a_o resurrection_n out_o of_o the_o ash_n at_o the_o come_n of_o a_o strange_a god_n to_o judge_v the_o whole_a earth_n from_o the_o top_n of_o one_o of_o their_o mountain_n from_o these_o idolatrous_a practice_n they_o be_v first_o convert_v to_o christianity_n by_o vladislaus_n jagello_n their_o great_a duke_n who_o a._n d._n 1386_o upon_o his_o marriage_n with_o hedvig_a queen_n of_o poland_n turn_v christian_n and_o be_v baptize_v at_o cracow_n by_o john_n bishop_n of_o that_o see_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v a_o very_a pious_a and_o zealous_a prince_n and_o exceed_v diligent_a in_o bring_v over_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n of_o lithvania_n to_o the_o christian_a religion_n at_o the_o first_o he_o meet_v with_o no_o small_a opposition_n but_o when_o the_o king_n have_v cut_v down_o their_o tall_a tree_n the_o temple_n of_o their_o heathenish_a god_n and_o not_o mischief_n befall_v he_o the_o people_n begin_v to_o think_v their_o idol_n will_v never_o take_v this_o affront_n if_o able_a to_o revenge_v themselves_o and_o therefore_o they_o be_v resolve_v to_o listen_v to_o their_o prince_n advice_n whereupon_o the_o king_n immediate_o build_v a_o cathedral_n and_o found_v a_o bishopric_n at_o vilna_n and_o the_o queen_n furnish_v seven_o parish_n church_n in_o the_o neighbourhood_n with_o chalice_n vestment_n and_o all_o other_o necessary_n for_o divine_a service_n the_o russian_n at_o that_o time_n as_o most_o of_o they_o be_v still_o be_v member_n of_o the_o greek_a church_n so_o that_o the_o king_n think_v good_a to_o forbid_v marriage_n with_o a_o russ_n that_o will_v not_o conform_v to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n at_o this_o day_n many_o lithvanians_n be_v of_o the_o greek_a church_n though_o more_o of_o the_o roman_a in_o vilna_n and_o several_a other_o great_a town_n vast_a number_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v lutheran_n the_o whole_a dukedom_n be_v divide_v into_o ten_o palatinate_n the_o metropolis_n and_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v vilna_n the_o next_o be_v the_o palatinate_n of_o troki_n 3._o minsko_n 4._o novogrod_n 5._o breast_n 6._o volhinia_n 7._o kiow_n 8._o miecislaw_n 9_o vitebsk_v 10._o poloxko_n vilna_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n vilensski_n by_o the_o german_n die_v wild_a have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o river_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v the_o house_n be_v general_o low_a and_o mean_a all_o of_o wood_n except_v only_o in_o some_o street_n where_o merchant_n of_o other_o nation_n that_o resort_n hither_o for_o trade_n have_v build_v themselves_o more_o then_o ordinary_a gentile_a one_o of_o stone_n most_o of_o the_o church_n be_v of_o stone_n some_o of_o wood_n the_o suburb_n be_v not_o build_v here_o as_o at_o other_o city_n in_o europe_n but_o round_o the_o wall_n in_o a_o confuse_a and_o disorderly_a manner_n every_o man_n place_v his_o house_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o wooden_a booth_n where_o he_o please_v the_o citizen_n be_v exceed_o poor_a and_o idle_a slave_n to_o their_o noble_n and_o their_o belly_n they_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o for_o great_a lover_n of_o onion_n and_o garlic_n which_o kind_n of_o diet_n help_v by_o their_o smoky_a house_n blind_v half_o of_o they_o before_o they_o arrive_v at_o any_o considerable_a age_n their_o excessive_a intemperance_n in_o drink_v breed_v continual_a quarrel_n among_o they_o if_o a_o stranger_n be_v kill_v in_o any_o such_o broil_n the_o murderer_n pay_v only_o sixteen_o dollar_n as_o a_o mulct_n if_o a_o lithvanian_a be_v slay_v and_o the_o murderer_n fly_v it_o be_v usual_a to_o preserve_v the_o dead_a corpse_n embalm_v till_o they_o can_v apprehend_v the_o fugitive_n who_o they_o can_v condemn_v without_o show_v he_o the_o carcase_n of_o he_o he_o slay_v there_o be_v not_o one_o public_a hospital_n in_o the_o whole_a city_n though_o it_o stand_v in_o more_o need_n of_o such_o a_o provision_n then_o any_o place_n in_o europe_n if_o we_o may_v judge_v by_o the_o swarm_n of_o beggar_n every_o street_n afford_v the_o only_a piece_n of_o neat_a building_n be_v the_o monastery_n of_o bernardine_n monk_n all_o of_o hew_a stone_n the_o moscovian_a company_n of_o merchant_n have_v also_o a_o considerable_o handsome_a structure_n build_v for_o a_o repository_n of_o fur_n ermine_n and_o other_o rich_a merchandise_n bring_v from_o moscow_n the_o great_a duke_n palace_n have_v nothing_o of_o note_n in_o it_o but_o the_o armoury_n which_o be_v admirable_o furnish_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o arm_n and_o armour_n consider_v that_o lithvania_n itself_o afford_v no_o mine_n of_o brass_n or_o iron_n about_o two_o english_a mile_n from_o vilna_n the_o great_a duke_n have_v another_o palace_n call_v from_o its_o situation_n wersupa_n that_o be_v near_o the_o water_n build_v by_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n all_o of_o wood_n and_o beautify_v with_o a_o park_n and_o pleasant_a orchard_n and_o garden_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n of_o lithvania_n have_v little_a in_o they_o observable_a save_v that_o they_o give_v title_n to_o palatine_n and_o duke_n what_o number_n there_o be_v of_o these_o last_o may_v be_v easy_o guess_v by_o what_o be_v report_v of_o vitoldus_n once_o great_a duke_n that_o he_o have_v no_o less_o than_o fifty_o duke_n at_o once_o in_o his_o army_n samogitia_n this_o country_n have_v its_o name_n from_o its_o situation_n which_o be_v low_a and_o wet_a samogitz_n in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n signify_v a_o marshy_a ground_n whence_o the_o moscovite_n call_v it_o samotzkasemla_n it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o liefland_n on_o the_o east_n and_o south_n with_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o lithvania_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o some_o part_n of_o prussia_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v continual_o overflow_v with_o river_n and_o lake_n unpassable_a but_o in_o a_o frost_n the_o rest_n of_o it_o be_v full_a of_o wood_n which_o afford_v good_a store_n of_o honey_n pure_a and_o better_a than_o any_o in_o lithvania_n or_o liefland_n the_o inhabitant_n differ_v little_a from_o the_o lithvanians_n either_o in_o manner_n habit_n or_o language_n they_o be_v sottish_o ignorant_a gross_o superstitious_a and_o easy_a to_o be_v impose_v upon_o they_o use_v no_o plough_n in_o till_v their_o ground_n but_o dig_v it_o up_o with_o spade_n or_o stick_n as_o it_o be_v usual_a in_o some_o part_n of_o moscovy_n when_o one_o of_o their_o governor_n have_v observe_v how_o far_o his_o countryman_n be_v outdo_v in_o their_o husbandry_n by_o other_o nation_n endeavour_v to_o teach_v they_o the_o art_n of_o plough_v it_o chance_v that_o for_o two_o year_n after_o their_o crop_n be_v not_o so_o rich_a as_o former_o it_o have_v be_v whereupon_o the_o people_n attribute_v the_o miscarriage_n to_o the_o new_a device_n grow_v so_o enrage_v that_o the_o governor_n be_v glad_a to_o decry_v the_o experiment_n for_o fear_n of_o a_o insurrection_n when_o vladislaus_n jagello_n have_v convert_v the_o great_a part_n of_o lithvania_n he_o endeavour_v to_o bring_v the_o samogitian_n to_o the_o christian_a faith_n in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o resolution_n he_o go_v himself_o into_o this_o country_n and_o burn_v up_o their_o hallow_a grove_n and_o destroy_v the_o serpent_n and_o other_o creature_n they_o worship_v with_o threat_n and_o promise_v make_v they_o vow_n to_o abandon_v their_o former_a idolatry_n and_o worship_v the_o true_a god_n and_o for_o fear_v that_o when_o his_o back_n be_v turn_v they_o may_v relapse_n into_o their_o former_a heathenism_n he_o found_v a_o bishopric_n at_o mzdniki_n endow_v it_o with_o a_o revenue_n sufficient_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o bishop_n and_o twelve_o prebend_n who_o be_v to_o officiate_v at_o so_o many_o parish_n church_n in_o and_o about_o the_o city_n howbeit_o the_o good_a king_n be_v not_o so_o successful_a in_o his_o undertake_n nor_o his_o successor_n so_o vigilant_a in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o his_o design_n but_o that_o to_o this_o day_n many_o poor_a ignorant_a idolater_n may_v be_v find_v in_o the_o desert_a part_n of_o this_o country_n these_o like_o the_o lithvanians_n speak_v of_o before_o worship_v a_o four_o footed_a serpent_n about_o three_o hand_n long_o call_v in_o their_o tongue_n givosit_n without_o one_o of_o these_o household_n god_n you_o shall_v scarce_o find_v a_o family_n if_o any_o mischief_n befall_v they_o they_o think_v it_o be_v because_o the_o little_a deity_n have_v not_o be_v well_o attend_v another_o piece_n of_o heathenish_a superstition_n be_v still_o retain_v by_o the_o rustic_n in_o the_o follow_a manner_n about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o
october_n they_o have_v a_o general_a rendezvous_n of_o man_n woman_n and_o child_n who_o bring_v with_o they_o to_o the_o place_n appoint_v loaf_n of_o bread_n and_o vessel_n full_a of_o beer_n these_o they_o set_v on_o a_o table_n spread_v with_o hay_n that_o do_v they_o bring_v out_o a_o young_a heifer_n a_o boar_n and_o a_o sow_n a_o cock_n and_o hen_n with_o other_o such_o cattle_n and_o poultry_n as_o the_o house_n afford_v in_o pair_n male_a and_o female_a when_o thing_n be_v thus_o in_o readiness_n out_o come_v a_o old_a priest_n or_o wizard_n who_o mumble_v over_o a_o few_o hard_a word_n give_v the_o sacrifice_n a_o blow_n with_o a_o stick_n which_o stroke_n be_v second_v by_o the_o whole_a company_n till_o the_o heifer_n be_v dead_a and_o beat_v to_o piece_n whilst_o this_o ceremony_n last_v they_o cry_v this_o oblation_n of_o thanksgiving_n we_o make_v thou_o o_o ziemiennik_n so_o they_o call_v the_o feign_a god_n for_o that_o it_o have_v please_v thou_o to_o preserve_v we_o from_o all_o the_o evil_n of_o the_o year_n past_a and_o we_o beseech_v thou_o to_o protect_v and_o defend_v we_o for_o the_o future_a from_o fire_n sword_z pestilence_n and_o all_o our_o enemy_n after_o this_o they_o take_v a_o little_a of_o every_o dish_n they_o have_v provide_v and_o put_v it_o in_o four_o corner_n of_o the_o house_n and_o in_o the_o ground_n cry_v aloud_o accept_v o_o ziemiennik_n our_o offering_n eat_v with_o we_o and_o be_v merry_a the_o solemnity_n thus_o over_o they_o spend_v the_o rest_n of_o that_o day_n in_o feast_v and_o drunkenness_n there_o be_v no_o city_n or_o great_a town_n in_o samogitia_n of_o any_o consequence_n mzdniki_n be_v a_o poor_a and_o despicable_a city_n all_o the_o rest_n scarce_o merit_v the_o name_n of_o village_n lithvania_n and_o this_o province_n have_v all_o along_o be_v sharer_n in_o the_o same_o fortune_n and_o change_n they_o be_v both_o at_o once_o subject_a to_o the_o russian_n at_o once_o overrun_v by_o the_o teutonic_n order_n and_o at_o once_o convert_v from_o idolatry_n and_o subject_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n by_o vladislaus_n jagello_n livonia_n livonia_n or_o liefland_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o russia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o baltic_a sea_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o finland-bay_n on_o the_o south_n with_o samogitia_n and_o some_o part_n of_o lithvania_n the_o length_n of_o it_o be_v about_o 500_o english_a mile_n and_o the_o breadth_n near_o 160._o the_o country_n be_v general_o plain_a and_o fruitful_a abound_v with_o corn_n and_o honey_n some_o part_n of_o it_o be_v fenny_a full_a of_o lake_n and_o river_n the_o many_o conquest_n this_o land_n have_v suffer_v have_v make_v its_o inhabitant_n a_o medley_n of_o moscovite_n swede_n dane_n polander_n and_o german_n but_o the_o last_o have_v the_o great_a share_n in_o the_o country_n whence_o the_o generality_n speak_v high-dutch_a the_o common_a people_n be_v use_v as_o hardly_o here_o as_o in_o poland_n or_o lithvania_n and_o the_o nobility_n lord_n it_o as_o much_o drunkenness_n and_o gluttony_n be_v vice_n the_o lieflander_n be_v general_o addict_v to_o from_o the_o great_a lord_n to_o the_o mean_a peasant_n the_o boar_n will_v be_v hard_o put_v to_o it_o to_o get_v a_o live_n consider_v the_o untolerable_a drudgery_n they_o undergo_v if_o they_o have_v not_o the_o privilege_n of_o hunt_a hare_n of_o which_o they_o have_v great_a plenty_n in_o these_o part_n white_a in_o winter_n and_o brown_a in_o summer_n fox_n bear_n and_o other_o kind_n of_o venison_n it_o be_v agree_v upon_o by_o all_o author_n that_o liefland_n be_v first_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n by_o sigismond_n augustus_n though_o the_o story_n be_v tell_v different_a way_n kojalowicz_n tell_v we_o that_o william_n furstenburg_n master_n of_o the_o liefland_n order_n of_o knighthood_n upon_o his_o turn_n lutheran_n have_v frequent_a quarrel_n with_o william_n archbishop_n of_o riga_n who_o he_o accuse_v at_o a_o session_n of_o the_o nobility_n at_o winden_n of_o a_o conspiracy_n of_o betray_v curland_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o albert_n duke_n of_o prussia_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o liefland_n to_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n his_o kinsman_n upon_o this_o pretence_n he_o immediate_o enter_v the_o archbishops_n territory_n with_o a_o army_n and_o take_v he_o prisoner_n king_n sigismond_n hear_v this_o wage_n war_n with_o liefland_n and_o a.d._n 1557_o conquer_v it_o but_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o war_n seem_v to_o be_v ground_v upon_o better_a pretension_n than_o these_o for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o there_o arise_v many_o skirmish_n between_o the_o archbishop_n and_o the_o master_n of_o the_o order_n touch_v point_n of_o religion_n yet_o during_o furstenburg_n government_n ivan_n duke_n of_o moscovy_n and_o not_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n overrun_v and_o lay_v waste_v the_o great_a part_n of_o liefland_n against_o who_o gothard_n ketler_n furstenburg_n successor_n request_v the_o aid_n of_o king_n sigismond_n who_o quick_o beat_v the_o moscovian_a out_o of_o his_o hold_n and_o create_v gothard_n duke_n of_o curland_n annex_v the_o rest_n of_o liefland_n to_o his_o own_o dominion_n but_o he_o find_v this_o country_n be_v easy_o conquer_v than_o keep_v for_o the_o revalians_n find_v themselves_o unable_a to_o withstand_v the_o daily_a incursion_n of_o the_o moscovian_o commit_v their_o land_n to_o the_o protection_n of_o eric_n king_n of_o sweden_n whereupon_o this_o king_n think_v his_o title_n to_o liefland_n be_v as_o good_a as_o the_o polander_n especial_o since_o ferdinand_n the_o emperor_n have_v give_v he_o the_o sole_a charge_n of_o defend_v it_o upon_o these_o pretension_n he_o present_o rout_v the_o pole_n out_o of_o habsal_n lehale_n parnow_n and_o other_o place_n and_o put_v into_o they_o garrison_n of_o his_o own_o beside_o the_o polish_v interest_n receive_v at_o the_o same_o time_n another_o fatal_a blow_n upon_o this_o occasion_n john_n duke_n of_o finland_n marry_v katherine_n sister_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n to_o who_o he_o lend_v 80000_o some_o say_v 124000_o dollar_n upon_o a_o mortgage_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o wittenstein_n karchise_v frichate_n helmult_n ermise_n ruja_n and_o bortwic_n all_o in_o liefland_n return_v into_o sweden_n he_o be_v accuse_v by_o king_n eric_n his_o brother_n of_o high_a treason_n in_o offer_v to_o make_v a_o confederacy_n as_o he_o call_v it_o with_o sigismond_n augustus_n king_n of_o poland_n without_o his_o consent_n in_o this_o rage_n the_o king_n rob_v his_o brother_n of_o all_o the_o castle_n and_o take_v they_o into_o his_o own_o hand_n not_o without_o the_o pretence_n of_o be_v more_o able_a to_o defend_v they_o from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o moscovite_n not_o long_o after_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o eric_n king_n of_o sweden_n and_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n the_o duke_n of_o moscovy_n with_o irresistible_a force_n create_v the_o great_a duke_n of_o holstein_n king_n of_o liefland_n when_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o poland_n perceive_v matter_n bring_v to_o this_o pass_n they_o think_v it_o high_a time_n to_o lay_v aside_o all_o petit_fw-fr animosity_n between_o their_o two_o kingdom_n and_o to_o join_v force_n against_o their_o common_a enemy_n the_o moscovite_n fear_v lest_o otherwise_o whilst_o they_o two_o stand_v quarrel_v for_o each_o a_o shell_n he_o shall_v snatch_v away_o the_o fish_n and_o indeed_o this_o confederacy_n prove_v very_o successful_a to_o the_o swede_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 1580_o retake_v many_o strong_a hold_v from_o the_o moscovite_n as_o lode_n lehale_n habsal_n narwe_v the_o province_n of_o wicki_n wittenstein_n carelogrod_n etc._n etc._n steven_n king_n of_o poland_n fear_v lest_o if_o the_o swede_n go_v on_o with_o the_o same_o success_n and_o vigour_n he_o begin_v with_o he_o will_v bring_v all_o liefland_n to_o his_o own_o beck_n clap_v up_o a_o peace_n with_o the_o moscovite_n unknown_a to_o the_o king_n 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and_o overreach_v one_o another_o in_o bargain_v they_o especial_o the_o woman_n be_v jealous_a of_o all_o stranger_n whatsoever_o and_o be_v conscious_a how_o much_o their_o simplicity_n expose_v they_o to_o the_o craft_n of_o other_o they_o be_v revengeful_a and_o desperate_a endeavour_v to_o prevent_v any_o mischief_n that_o may_v seem_v to_o threaten_v they_o by_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o person_n that_o cause_v the_o suspicion_n and_o this_o they_o do_v frequent_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o magic_n and_o the_o help_n of_o the_o devil_n as_o be_v say_v of_o one_o who_o attempt_v often_o to_o mischieve_v his_o enemy_n who_o be_v secure_v by_o his_o countercharm_n after_o long_o lie_v in_o wait_n for_o he_o at_o last_o watch_v his_o opportunity_n and_o find_v he_o asleep_o under_o a_o great_a rock_n by_o his_o spell_n split_v it_o upon_o he_o and_o so_o bury_v he_o under_o it_o they_o be_v also_o note_v to_o be_v of_o a_o censorious_a and_o detract_n humour_n covetous_a and_o yet_o lazy_a withal_o so_o that_o where_o the_o soil_n may_v be_v improve_v they_o often_o through_o idleness_n let_v it_o lie_v barren_a and_o uncultivated_a they_o seldom_o take_v pain_n so_o much_o as_o to_o hunt_v or_o fish_n till_o pinch_v by_o want_n and_o necessity_n consequent_a to_o these_o quality_n they_o be_v stubborn_a undutiful_a to_o parent_n when_o old_a lustful_a all_o except_o the_o marry_a people_n lie_v promiscuous_o together_o in_o one_o hut_n without_o any_o difference_n of_o age_n sex_n or_o condition_n and_o subject_n to_o whatever_o vice_n attend_v a_o idle_a and_o unthinking_a life_n yet_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o these_o enormity_n and_o depravation_n of_o manner_n some_o good_a quality_n be_v to_o be_v find_v among_o they_o as_o their_o great_a veneration_n and_o respect_n for_o marriage_n which_o they_o seldom_o or_o never_o violate_v their_o abhorrence_n of_o theft_n which_o be_v remarkable_a in_o that_o they_o do_v keep_v their_o hand_n from_o pilfer_a 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gospel_n be_v know_v to_o they_o concern_v the_o religion_n of_o the_o laplander_n we_o may_v observe_v what_o progress_n they_o have_v make_v in_o christianity_n since_o it_o be_v plant_v among_o they_o as_o also_o what_o be_v the_o ancient_a manner_n of_o worship_n proper_a to_o these_o northern_a nation_n for_o the_o relic_n of_o heathenish_a superstition_n among_o some_o of_o they_o to_o this_o day_n seem_v to_o be_v only_o rake_v up_o under_o the_o ember_n ready_a to_o flame_n out_o be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o strict_a government_n of_o the_o swede_n they_o worship_v they_o know_v not_o what_o but_o they_o call_v he_o jumala_n or_o jomala_n a_o word_n which_o they_o use_v now_o for_o the_o true_a god_n as_o they_o do_v before_o for_o the_o supreme_a entity_n another_o god_n also_o they_o worship_v under_o the_o name_n of_o turrisas_n or_o turrisas_a the_o prince_n of_o the_o ass_n or_o asiatic_o whence_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o they_o conserve_v some_o knowledge_n of_o their_o migration_n together_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o scandian_o out_o of_o asia_n under_o woden_n several_a other_o distinct_a god_n they_o have_v on_o different_a occasion_n as_o to_o preside_v over_o ry_o barley_n oates_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o fruit_n who_o they_o worship_v in_o finland_n but_o have_v not_o any_o occasion_n for_o after_o their_o banishment_n one_o also_o for_o tempest_n one_o to_o protect_v their_o cattle_n another_o to_o command_v wolf_n squirrel_n and_o such_o like_a ridiculous_a deity_n jumala_fw-mi be_v represent_v under_o the_o image_n of_o a_o man_n sit_v upon_o a_o altar_n with_o a_o crown_n upon_o his_o head_n adorn_v with_o twelve_o gem_n and_o a_o golden_a chain_n about_o his_o neck_n to_o which_o be_v fasten_v a_o large_a jewel_n call_v from_o its_o figure_n man_n or_o mene_n i._n e._n a_o moon_n upon_o his_o knee_n stand_v a_o large_a golden_a dish_n into_o which_o they_o cast_v their_o offering_n and_o this_o dish_n they_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v bring_v out_o of_o finland_n for_o when_o they_o lose_v it_o they_o can_v never_o procure_v another_o his_o temple_n be_v in_o the_o wood_n not_o build_v with_o any_o roof_n but_o only_o a_o piece_n of_o ground_n fence_v as_o the_o old_a roman_a temple_n be_v this_o god_n be_v in_o time_n find_v useless_a be_v at_o last_o casheard_v and_o the_o deity_n in_o great_a reputation_n among_o they_o at_o this_o day_n be_v those_o thing_n from_o which_o they_o think_v they_o receive_v the_o great_a benefit_n as_o the_o sun_n fire_n and_o such_o like_a of_o which_o more_o by_o and_o by_o all_o the_o heathenish_a religion_n the_o laplander_n retain_v to_o this_o day_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o two_o head_n go_n their_o heathenish_a go_n magical_a and_o paganish_a or_o superstitious_a and_o diabolical_a those_o superstition_n they_o intermix_v with_o christianity_n we_o shall_v speak_v of_o under_o religion_n as_o it_o be_v christian_n of_o their_o god_n some_o be_v public_a and_o common_a to_o the_o whole_a country_n other_o private_a and_o belong_v only_o to_o a_o division_n neighbourhood_n or_o some_o one_o particular_a family_n all_o which_o have_v their_o several_a name_n those_o of_o lapponia_n pithensis_n and_o luhlensis_n have_v their_o great_a and_o lesser_a god_n the_o great_a to_o who_o they_o pay_v especial_a worship_n be_v thor_n storejunkare_o the_o sun_n and_o some_o add_v fire_n which_o may_v seem_v not_o a_o distinct_a deity_n but_o only_o a_o emblem_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o lesser_a common_a also_o to_o the_o tornenses_n be_v worship_v under_o one_o name_n except_o only_o that_o which_o they_o call_v wira_n accha_n signify_v a_o livonian_a old_a woman_n which_o at_o first_o be_v only_o a_o old_a stump_n of_o a_o tree_n but_o now_o its_o godship_n be_v quite_o rot_a and_o mouldered_a away_o they_o worship_v also_o the_o ghost_n of_o man_n their_o friend_n especial_o depart_v and_o think_v some_o divinity_n to_o be_v in_o they_o as_o the_o roman_n fancy_v to_o 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to_o they_o in_o hunt_v fowl_a and_o fish_v that_o he_o never_o suffer_v they_o to_o be_v hurt_v or_o die_v but_o when_o it_o be_v either_o for_o their_o good_a or_o for_o the_o punishment_n of_o their_o offence_n his_o image_n be_v always_o make_v of_o beech-tree_n therefore_o he_o be_v by_o some_o call_v muora-jubmel_a i._n e._n the_o wooden_a god_n and_o the_o stump_n that_o shoot_v out_o from_o the_o root_n of_o this_o tree_n be_v easy_o by_o the_o help_n of_o fancy_n and_o a_o little_a art_n make_v like_o a_o man_n head_n arms_z etc._n etc._n by_o he_o lie_v a_o bow_n and_o arrow_n and_o sometime_o a_o hammer_n to_o kill_v the_o mischievous_a daemon_n into_o his_o head_n there_o be_v drive_v a_o piece_n of_o iron_n or_o steel_n and_o a_o small_a flint_n lay_v by_o he_o by_o which_o be_v signify_v fire_n the_o chief_a commodity_n of_o life_n the_o place_n where_o this_o god_n be_v common_o worship_v be_v a_o piece_n of_o ground_n not_o far_o from_o their_o hut_v set_v apart_o for_o 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shall_v corrupt_v and_o moulder_v away_o or_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o ugliness_n grow_v out_o of_o repute_n among_o they_o they_o once_o every_o year_n about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o autumn_n provide_v themselves_o a_o neat_a new_a and_o fashionable_a image_n which_o they_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o solemnity_n consecrate_v anoint_v it_o with_o the_o blood_n and_o fat_a of_o the_o sacrifice_n who_o flesh_n they_o do_v not_o carry_v away_o with_o they_o but_o bury_v it_o under_o ground_n and_o so_o end_v their_o devotion_n after_o which_o solemnity_n about_o the_o idol_n they_o count_v it_o as_o good_a a_o deity_n as_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n and_o give_v it_o place_n according_o the_o next_o of_o their_o principal_a god_n be_v storjunkare_v i._n e_o great_a commander_n a_o norwegian_a name_n junkare_o signify_v in_o that_o language_n a_o governor_n yet_o now_o in_o use_n among_o the_o laplander_n he_o be_v sometime_o call_v stourra-passe_a i._n e._n great_a saint_n and_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o seita_n which_o those_o of_o kimi_n and_o tornelapmark_a worship_n to_o this_o storjunkare_o they_o pay_v their_o devotion_n next_o after_o thor_n or_o tiermes_n who_o lieutenant_n they_o suppose_v he_o to_o be_v he_o be_v say_v to_o preside_v peculiar_o over_o all_o beast_n and_o cattle_n and_o as_o thiermes_n afford_v life_n and_o be_v so_o all_o thing_n require_v to_o the_o sustenance_n of_o man_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v at_o the_o disposal_n of_o this_o god_n and_o all_o blessing_n to_o come_v through_o his_o hand_n it_o be_v believe_v by_o they_o that_o he_o have_v often_o appear_v to_o fowler_n and_o fisher_n in_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o tall_a personable_a man_n habit_v like_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n with_o a_o bow_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o to_o have_v have_v bird-like_a foot_n and_o if_o any_o happen_v thus_o to_o see_v he_o when_o they_o be_v fish_v or_o hunt_v they_o certain_o promise_v to_o themselves_o good_a success_n at_o that_o time_n and_o think_v the_o place_n to_o be_v holy_a where_o he_o vouchsafe_v to_o show_v himself_o his_o chief_a place_n of_o worship_n be_v where_o they_o suppose_v he_o most_o of_o all_o frequent_v mountain_n and_o rock_n some_o of_o which_o be_v so_o high_a and_o craggy_a that_o they_o be_v unpassable_a to_o any_o but_o storjunkare_v himself_o who_o they_o think_v by_o the_o advantage_n of_o his_o birds-feet_n can_v climb_v to_o the_o top_n of_o they_o which_o the_o lap_n not_o be_v able_a to_o do_v they_o consecrate_v any_o small_a stone_n they_o find_v anoint_v it_o with_o the_o blood_n of_o a_o rain-deer_n and_o so_o throw_v it_o up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o rock_n as_o a_o sacrifice_n to_o this_o inaccessible_a god_n in_o luhla-lapmark_a be_v say_v to_o be_v thirty_o mountain_n or_o hill_n which_o we_o omit_v to_o name_v whole_o set_v apart_o for_o the_o worship_n of_o this_o god_n and_o the_o number_n be_v proportionable_a in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o country_n he_o be_v represent_v by_o a_o stone_n which_o sometime_o be_v like_o a_o bird_n sometime_o a_o man_n and_o now_o and_o then_o resemble_v other_o creature_n as_o they_o can_v find_v they_o for_o they_o never_o use_v any_o art_n to_o polish_v any_o of_o they_o but_o think_v that_o their_o shape_n come_v by_o the_o immediate_a procurement_n of_o storejunkare_o in_o the_o isle_n dama_n which_o be_v make_v by_o a_o cataract_n of_o the_o river_n torna-traesh_a be_v say_v to_o be_v find_v several_a of_o these_o seitas_fw-la in_o the_o exact_a shape_n of_o a_o man_n one_o of_o which_o be_v very_o tall_a and_o hard_o by_o he_o four_o other_o of_o a_o somewhat_o short_a size_n with_o a_o kind_n of_o cap_n on_o their_o head_n here_o former_o be_v the_o chief_a place_n of_o worship_n but_o because_o the_o passage_n into_o the_o island_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o cataract_n be_v very_o dangerous_a they_o be_v now_o force_v from_o their_o idolatry_n in_o that_o place_n place_n these_o stone_n they_o do_v not_o set_v single_o but_o always_o three_o or_o four_o together_o or_o more_o according_a as_o they_o find_v they_o to_o the_o first_o they_o give_v the_o title_n of_o storejunkare_v himself_o the_o second_o they_o call_v act_n or_o storjunkare_n wife_n the_o three_o they_o place_v as_o his_o elder_a son_n and_o the_o rest_n they_o dispose_v of_o as_o his_o servant_n and_o attendant_n the_o manner_n of_o worship_n which_o be_v use_v to_o this_o god_n be_v muchwhat_a the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o thor_n or_o tiermes_n in_o the_o first_o place_n they_o try_v if_o any_o one_o be_v able_a with_o all_o his_o strength_n to_o move_v the_o stone_n which_o represent_v their_o deity_n if_o they_o can_v lift_v it_o up_o or_o find_v it_o heavy_a than_o usual_a they_o
south_n part_n of_o westro-gothia_a the_o ground_n be_v so_o rich_a and_o fertile_a that_o thirty-six_a day_n after_o they_o have_v sow_o they_o reap_v their_o barley_n beast_n of_o all_o sort_n be_v here_o in_o great_a plenty_n beast_n beast_n as_o horse_n elk_n bear_n wild_a bull_n castor_n or_o beaver_n sables_n ermine_n martron_n etc._n etc._n sheep_n also_o and_o ox_n not_o only_o sufficient_a to_o supply_v the_o whole_a country_n but_o also_o to_o have_v great_a number_n transport_v out_o of_o finland_n schonen_fw-mi etc._n etc._n into_o other_o nation_n tree_n also_o be_v here_o in_o great_a abundance_n tree_n tree_n as_o fir_n pine_n birch_n juniper_n etc._n etc._n apple_n also_o and_o pear_n plumb_n and_o other_o fruit-tree_n and_o of_o late_a hop_n have_v be_v plant_v here_o the_o pine_n and_o fir_n which_o grow_v upon_o the_o seacoast_n be_v say_v to_o have_v in_o the_o summertime_n a_o kind_n of_o rosinous_n gum_n distil_v from_o they_o which_o fall_v into_o the_o baltic_a and_o bothnick_a sea_n and_o by_o the_o wave_n carry_v to_o the_o prussian_a shore_n have_v give_v occasion_n to_o some_o to_o ascribe_v to_o this_o the_o original_n of_o their_o amber_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v rather_o a_o coagulation_n of_o petroleum_n honey_n abound_v very_o much_o in_o this_o country_n not_o only_o preserve_v in_o hive_n in_o their_o garden_n but_o ordinary_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o wood_n wine_n have_v be_v sometime_o in_o such_o scarcity_n here_o that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v furnish_v for_o the_o communion_n to_o remedy_v which_o divers_a author_n report_n that_o p._n innocent_a viii_o ann_n '_o 1486_o give_v leave_v to_o the_o priest_n of_o norway_n and_o place_n under_o the_o same_o parallel_n to_o celebrate_v in_o some_o other_o liquor_n the_o air_n be_v of_o different_a temperature_n aâ—â—_n aâ—â—_n according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o clime_n for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o be_v cold_a pure_a free_a from_o vapour_n and_o consequent_o healthful_a in_o those_o part_n near_o the_o bethnic_n and_o baltic_a coast_n it_o be_v frequent_o mud_v with_o sea_n and_o marish_a vapour_n serpent_n and_o venomous_a beast_n whatever_o some_o author_n say_v be_v not_o at_o all_o or_o very_o rare_o in_o these_o country_n but_o fowl_n and_o fish_n of_o all_o sort_n in_o so_o great_a abundance_n that_o even_o the_o peasant_n contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o country_n be_v permit_v to_o catch_v and_o to_o make_v profit_n of_o they_o lake_n here_o be_v many_o and_o very_o large_a lâ—â—â—â—_n lâ—â—â—â—_n the_o great_a and_o most_o considerable_a be_v 1._o meller_n in_o vpland_n well_o store_v with_o salmon_n pike_n and_o such_o like_a fish_n and_o in_o winter_n so_o hard_o freeze_v that_o it_o be_v ordinary_a to_o have_v market_n and_o fair_n keep_v upon_o it_o 2._o hielmer_n in_o nericia_n 3._o sitian_n in_o dalecarlia_n 4._o vener_n in_o westro-gothia_a a_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o english_a mile_n in_o length_n and_o forty_o in_o breadth_n have_v many_o island_n in_o it_o and_o twentyfour_o considerable_a river_n which_o fall_v from_o the_o norwegian_a mountain_n unburthen_v themselves_o into_o it_o all_o which_o have_v but_o one_o passage_n out_o call_v tralhetta_n i._n e_o the_o devil_n cap_n lie_v towards_o the_o south_n 5._o veter_fw-la in_o the_o same_o province_n who_o water_n be_v so_o clear_a and_o calm_a that_o one_o may_v discern_v the_o bottom_n at_o a_o great_a depth_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o this_o lake_n be_v ancient_o found_v the_o monastery_n of_o st._n bridget_n the_o chief_a saint_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o of_o st._n catherine_n her_o daughter_n with_o several_a other_o noble_a building_n 6._o vlatraesch_n in_o cajania_n 7._o pejenda_fw-la in_o tavastia_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v 8._o ladoga_n upon_o the_o confine_n of_o muscovy_n the_o great_a part_n of_o which_o be_v by_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n cede_v by_o the_o muscovite_n to_o this_o crown_n all_o of_o they_o abound_v with_o fish_n the_o revenue_n of_o which_o make_v no_o small_a addition_n to_o the_o king_n exchequer_n from_o these_o lake_n arise_v many_o river_n râ—â—â—â—â—_n râ—â—â—â—â—_n run_v so_o orderly_o from_o one_o to_o another_o that_o they_o may_v seem_v like_o those_o in_o holland_n to_o have_v their_o channel_n cut_v and_o direct_v by_o art_n the_o first_o be_v dalecarle_n who_o head_n be_v in_o the_o dofrine_n mountain_n whence_o it_o fall_v into_o dalecarlia_n take_v in_o several_a lesser_a current_n at_o torsang_n and_o so_o part_v the_o province_n of_o upland_n and_o gestricia_n and_o at_o last_o fall_v into_o the_o bothnick_a bay_n 2._o saga_fw-la or_o sawe_n which_o divide_v vpland_n from_o westmannia_n 3._o angermannie_n which_o water_v angermannia_n and_o be_v note_v for_o its_o abundance_n of_o salmon_n with_o several_a other_o of_o lesser_a note_n mine_n in_o this_o country_n be_v very_o frequent_a mâ—â—â—â—_n mâ—â—â—â—_n as_o of_o silver_n copper_n iron_n lead_v alum_n vitriol_n sulphur_n etc._n etc._n every_o province_n almost_o afford_v some_o more_o or_o less_o where_o we_o shall_v make_v mention_n of_o they_o the_o great_a part_n belong_v to_o the_o subject_n yet_o some_o few_o be_v whole_o in_o the_o king_n possession_n workman_n be_v maintain_v and_o the_o whole_a revenue_n receive_v by_o the_o crown_n in_o the_o year_n 1264_o magnus_n laduslaus_n then_o king_n institute_v or_o rather_o re-establisht_a a_o society_n of_o miner_n to_o take_v care_n of_o all_o affair_n relate_v to_o the_o mine_n and_o to_o determine_v all_o controversy_n arise_v concern_v they_o these_o man_n in_o the_o year_n 1649_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n christina_n have_v many_o privilege_n grant_v to_o they_o and_o several_a new_a law_n make_v among_o they_o of_o which_o we_o find_v extant_a these_o viz._n if_o any_o subject_n discover_v a_o mine_n in_o his_o own_o ground_n of_o what_o metal_n soever_o the_o whole_a profit_n of_o it_o be_v to_o belong_v to_o he_o for_o six_o year_n after_o which_o time_n he_o be_v to_o pay_v ten_o to_o the_o king_n and_o if_o he_o maintain_v a_o forge_n to_o fit_v out_o for_o every_o hammer_n he_o keep_v one_o man_n and_o wagon_n in_o time_n of_o war_n for_o the_o king_n service_n from_o these_o mine_n come_v the_o most_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o king_n revenue_n in_o the_o year_n 1578_o two_o or_o three_o copper_n mine_n be_v say_v to_o have_v yield_v to_o the_o king_n exchequer_n above_o 500_o squipons_n every_o squipon_n be_v value_v at_o 30000_o dollar_n and_o other_o mine_n proportionable_o every_o year_n since_o of_o the_o government_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o swede_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n be_v say_v at_o first_o to_o have_v be_v elect_v by_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o province_n who_o never_o assemble_v but_o upon_o this_o occasion_n he_o who_o they_o common_o make_v the_o subject_n of_o their_o choice_n be_v of_o the_o royal_a line_n or_o some_o one_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o their_o own_o country_n and_o as_o some_o say_v among_o these_o caeteris_fw-la paribus_fw-la the_o tall_a and_o most_o personable_a the_o place_n where_o the_o election_n be_v perform_v be_v vpsal_n where_o they_o assemble_v and_o have_v agree_v who_o shall_v be_v their_o prince_n they_o go_v forth_o of_o the_o city_n to_o a_o place_n call_v moresten_n a_o small_a distance_n from_o it_o here_o be_v set_v in_o order_n thirteen_o large_a stone_n one_o in_o the_o middle_n whereon_o be_v place_v their_o new_a elect_a king_n the_o other_o twelve_o round_o it_o for_o the_o twelve_o senator_n where_o after_o some_o few_o ceremony_n a_o declaration_n of_o the_o duty_n of_o the_o king_n etc._n etc._n they_o propose_v to_o he_o a_o oath_n that_o he_o will_v protect_v and_o administer_v justice_n to_o his_o people_n and_o the_o elector_n for_o themselves_o the_o absent_a nobility_n all_o the_o body_n of_o the_o people_n and_o all_o their_o posterity_n mutual_o engage_v that_o they_o will_v obey_v his_o law_n and_o bear_v faithful_a allegiance_n to_o he_o these_o rite_n perform_v the_o new_a king_n use_v to_o invite_v all_o his_o elector_n and_o noble_n to_o banquet_n where_o he_o himself_o wait_v on_o they_o and_o afford_v they_o great_a and_o splendid_a entertainment_n all_o which_o end_v with_o a_o solemn_a grace-cup_n call_v by_o they_o berga-beger_n these_o custom_n since_o under_o gustavus_n the_o first_o the_o kingdom_n be_v make_v hereditary_a be_v quite_o leave_v off_o and_o when_o the_o coronation_n be_v to_o be_v solemnize_v the_o noble_n and_o chief_a officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n meet_v at_o the_o king_n palace_n at_o vpsal_n whence_o they_o go_v to_o the_o metropolitan_a church_n in_o order_n the_o senator_n of_o the_o kingdom_n carry_v the_o royal_a ornament_n the_o drotset_a or_o viceroy_n the_o crown_n the_o marshal_n the_o sword_n the_o admiral_n the_o sceptre_n the_o chancellor_n the_o golden_a globe_n the_o grand_a
34._o christian_n i_o son_n of_o theodoric_n count_n of_o oldenburgh_n be_v elect_v king_n of_o denmark_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n christopher_n he_o be_v a_o generous_a pious_a and_o valiant_a prince_n but_o whole_o ignorant_a of_o all_o manner_n of_o learning_n he_o reduce_v the_o swede_n to_o their_o allegiance_n who_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n have_v revolt_v from_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n annex_v holstein_n to_o his_o dominion_n make_v himself_o duke_n of_o dithmar_n and_o stormar_n and_o have_v rule_v three_o and_o thirty_o year_n dye_v in_o peace_n in_o the_o year_n 1481_o and_o be_v bury_v in_o a_o chapel_n which_o he_o himself_o have_v build_v at_o roschild_n leave_v his_o crown_n to_o his_o son_n 35._o john_n who_o be_v a_o prince_n endue_v with_o all_o the_o royal_a quality_n of_o his_o father_n he_o be_v devout_a in_o exercise_n of_o religion_n temperate_a in_o diet_n grave_n in_o apparel_n and_o valiant_a in_o exploit_n of_o war_n which_o except_v only_o the_o overthrow_n he_o receive_v from_o the_o dithmarsians_n in_o the_o year_n 1500_o prove_v exceed_o successful_a he_o die_v of_o the_o plague_n at_o olburgh_n in_o the_o year_n 1513._o 35._o christian_n ii_o king_n john_n son_n who_o be_v the_o bloody_a cruel_a and_o most_o dissolute_a prince_n that_o denmark_n or_o perhaps_o any_o other_o kingdom_n ever_o see_v lindenbruch_n give_v this_o character_n of_o he_o that_o nero_n phalaris_n and_o sylla_n put_v in_o the_o scale_n against_o he_o will_v signify_v no_o more_o then_o half_a a_o ounce_n to_o a_o pound_n weight_n meursius_n report_n that_o he_o be_v bear_v with_o one_o hand_n grasp_v which_o when_o the_o midwife_n open_v she_o find_v full_a of_o blood_n this_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o his_o father_n as_o a_o certain_a prognostic_n of_o a_o bloody_a mind_n of_o which_o his_o subject_n have_v afterward_o a_o lamentable_a experience_n the_o only_a good_a he_o ever_o do_v his_o country_n be_v the_o sound_n a_o fair_a and_o establish_v a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a trade_n at_o copenhagen_n at_o last_o after_o he_o have_v by_o his_o wickedness_n throw_v himself_o out_o of_o three_o kingdom_n and_o for_o six_o and_o thirty_o year_n undergo_v the_o misery_n of_o banishment_n or_o imprisonment_n he_o die_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o kallenborg_n in_o zeeland_n in_o the_o year_n 1559._o 36._o frideric_n i._o king_n john_n brother_n succeed_v his_o nephew_n christian_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v crown_v in_o the_o year_n 1524_o he_o begin_v to_o bring_v the_o augspur_n confession_n into_o all_o the_o church_n of_o denmark_n he_o rule_v almost_o ten_o year_n in_o quietness_n and_o die_v at_o sleswig_n in_o the_o year_n 1533._o 37._o christian_n iii_o frideric_n son_n he_o perfect_v the_o reformation_n which_o his_o father_n have_v begin_v in_o the_o church_n he_o live_v and_o dye_v in_o the_o year_n 1559_o a_o prince_n of_o singular_a piety_n wisdom_n temperance_n justice_n and_o all_o royal_a virtue_n and_o leave_v behind_o a_o fair_a pattern_n of_o a_o happy_a king_n and_o good_a christian_n to_o his_o son_n 37._o frederic_n ii_o who_o have_v exact_o imitate_v his_o father_n example_n after_o a_o happy_a reign_n of_o twenty-nine_o year_n dye_v in_o his_o palace_n of_o anderscow_n in_o the_o year_n 1587._o immediate_o after_o his_o coronation_n he_o be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n against_o the_o rebel_n of_o dithmar_n who_o he_o quell_v with_o small_a trouble_n afterward_o he_o wage_v war_n with_o eric_n fourteen_o king_n of_o sweden_n which_o last_v seven_o year_n the_o rest_n of_o his_o day_n be_v spend_v in_o peace_n and_o quietness_n 39_o christian_n iu_o before_o his_o father_n burial_n be_v elect_v and_o soon_o after_o crown_v king_n of_o denmark_n in_o his_o reign_n the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n ferdinand_n ii_o overrun_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o cimbrian_a chersonese_n and_o have_v once_o well_o nigh_o bring_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o denmark_n under_o his_o subjection_n but_o king_n christian_n contract_v as_o it_o be_v all_o the_o exspire_a spirit_n of_o his_o realm_n make_v the_o imperialist_n at_o last_o give_v ground_n and_o bring_v they_o to_o a_o treaty_n upon_o honourable_a term_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1648_o and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n 40._o frederic_n iii_o who_o receive_v as_o great_a a_o blow_n from_o the_o swede_n as_o his_o father_n have_v do_v from_o the_o german_n charles_n gustave_n the_o victorious_a king_n of_o sweden_n have_v bring_v he_o to_o that_o extremity_n as_o to_o lay_v close_a siege_n to_o copenhagen_n which_o city_n and_o consequent_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o denmark_n will_v doubtless_o have_v fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swede_n have_v not_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o most_o of_o the_o northern_a prince_n jealous_a of_o the_o grow_a power_n of_o the_o swedish_n king_n concern_v themselves_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o it_o he_o that_o desire_v a_o further_a account_n of_o the_o beginning_n continuance_n and_o end_n of_o these_o northern_a war_n may_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o accurate_a history_n of_o they_o write_v by_o r._n manley_n and_o print_v in_o the_o year_n 1670._o king_n frideric_n get_v his_o noble_n persuade_v to_o consent_n that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o norway_n shall_v be_v hereditary_a and_o be_v himself_o proclaim_v hereditary_a king_n the_o twenty-third_a day_n of_o october_n in_o the_o year_n 1660._o he_o die_v of_o a_o fever_n the_o twenty-fifth_a day_n of_o february_n 16_o 69_o 70._o and_o that_o night_n as_o be_v before_o say_v the_o nobility_n swear_v allegiance_n to_o the_o new_a king_n 41._o christian_n v._o now_o reign_v a_o valiant_a and_o active_a prince_n the_o royal_a family_n of_o denmark_n consist_v of_o the_o child_n of_o the_o king_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o and_o his_o near_a relation_n together_o with_o the_o prince_n of_o sunderburg_n norburg_n gluckburg_n arnsbeck_n gottorp_n and_o ottingen_n or_o oytin_n who_o be_v all_o descend_v from_o king_n christian_n the_o three_o except_v the_o house_n of_o oytin_n and_o gottorp_n who_o be_v the_o issue_n of_o his_o brother_n adolph_n duke_n of_o sleswic_n the_o noble_n who_o never_o pretend_v to_o nor_o accept_v of_o the_o title_n of_o dukes_z earls_z or_o baron_n be_v such_o as_o have_v for_o many_o age_n have_v a_o single_a coat_n of_o arm_n belong_v to_o their_o family_n which_o they_o never_o alter_v nor_o quarter_n with_o any_o other_o there_o be_v to_o this_o day_n some_o family_n of_o the_o nobility_n in_o denmark_n as_o wren_n and_o other_o who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v at_o the_o sign_v of_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n between_o charles_n the_o great_a and_o king_n hemming_n on_o the_o eidor_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o any_o nobleman_n all_o his_o good_n movable_a and_o immovable_a be_v divide_v among_o his_o child_n so_o as_o a_o son_n have_v two_o moiety_n and_o a_o daughter_n only_o one_o by_o the_o law_n of_o denmark_n the_o king_n be_v prohibit_v to_o purchase_v any_o part_n of_o a_o nobleman_n estate_n nor_o can_v any_o of_o the_o nobility_n buy_v any_o of_o the_o crown_n land_n a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o chief_a nobleman_n at_o this_o day_n in_o denmark_n be_v give_v we_o by_o the_o author_n of_o l'estat_fw-la des_fw-fr royaume_n de_fw-fr l'europe_n in_o the_o follow_a alphabetical_a order_n achsel_n appelgard_n alefeld_n andersem_n bielke_n banner_n brach_n bilig_n below_o bild_n brokenhusem_n biorn_n beck_n blick_n bassi_n bax_n baselich_n bockowlt_n bud_n baggen_n bammelberg_n brune_n blom_n blocktorp_n breiden_n daac_n dresselberch_n dune_n duram_fw-la dam_n freze_n fassi_fw-la falster_n falcke_n guldenstern_n grub_n goce_fw-mi green_n gelschut_v gall_n gram_n grissel_n goss_n gadendorp_n grabow_n hardenberg_n holke_n hoken_n hiderstorper_n hube_n hesten_n hager_n holer_n hoeken_fw-mi hoier_n hacken_n harberger_n jul_n juensen_n juenan_n jensen_n johensen_n korwitz_n krabbe_n kaas_z krusen_n kragge_n krumpen_a krumdick_n kercberg_n karssenbrock_n koelet_n knutzen_n lange_n lindeman_n lung_n lutkem_n laxman_n lancken_n leven_n lindow_n monk_n matiessen_n marizer_n must_v matre_fw-la meinstorf_n moeten_n magnussen_n negel_n narbu_n norman_n ofren_n otten_n pasberg_n podessen_n podebussen_n papenheimb_n podwisch_n plessen_n pensen_n paisen_n petersen_n qualem_fw-la quittow_n ranzaw_v rosenkrantz_n rastorp_n ruthede_v reuter_n ruten_n rosenspart_n rosengard_n ronnow_n reventlow_n ratlow_n ritzerow_n schram_n schefeldt_n schelen_n seestedt_n stuege_n swron_n stantbeke_fw-mi split_v solle_n swaben_n santbarch_n spar_n spegel_n sturen_n suinem_fw-la staken_v stove_n siversen_n trolle_v totten_n vhrup_n vonsflet_n vantinnen_n vken_n voien_fw-fr vlstandt_n vren_n wlefeld_n walkendorp_n wipfert_n witfelt_n wogersen_n wenfsterman_n will_v worm_n walstorp_n wenfin_fw-fr wittorp_n though_o none_o of_o these_o be_v ever_o make_v duke_n knight_n knight_n marquis_n earl_n or_o baron_n yet_o it_o be_v usual_a
take_v sleswic_n destroy_v the_o church_n root_a out_o christianity_n and_o replant_n paganism_n this_o relapse_n be_v sufficient_o confirm_v by_o the_o many_o runic_a monument_n find_v daily_o in_o and_o about_o this_o city_n who_o inscription_n show_v they_o to_o be_v heathenish_a relic_n though_o of_o too_o late_a a_o date_n to_o have_v be_v erect_v before_o the_o first_o appearance_n of_o christianity_n in_o these_o part_n but_o the_o slavonian_n keep_v not_o long_a foot_n here_o for_o within_o a_o short_a while_n the_o dane_n weary_a of_o the_o tyranny_n and_o idolaty_n of_o stranger_n force_v they_o to_o quit_v their_o conquet_n and_o retire_v whereupon_o paganism_n be_v once_o more_o root_v out_o christianity_n reestablisht_v and_o the_o cathedral_n rebuilt_a soon_o after_o this_o the_o angle_n that_o maintain_v a_o trade_n in_o sleswic_n build_v the_o church_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n near_o the_o marketplace_n with_o the_o adjoin_a hospital_n the_o dukedom_n of_o sleswic_n 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jutland_n first_o send_v minister_n hither_o to_o instruct_v the_o ignorant_a heathen_n in_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n and_o afterward_o set_v a_o bishop_n over_o the_o new_a convert_v who_o the_o record_n call_v mark._n upon_o the_o south_n of_o sleswic_n lie_v ekelfort_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d call_v so_o from_o the_o abundance_n of_o squirrel_n in_o the_o adjoin_a wood_n as_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o town_n still_o show_v it_o be_v a_o town_n of_o good_a trade_n and_o one_o of_o the_o safe_a part_n in_o the_o baltic_a shore_n flensburch_n take_v its_o name_n from_o flen_a a_o small_a bay_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v mhy_a in_o his_o accurate_a history_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o flanders_n speak_v of_o henry_n duke_n of_o sleswic_n who_o die_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o this_o city_n a._n d._n 1427_o say_v it_o ought_v to_o be_v call_v vlensburg_n not_o flensburg_n from_o vlens_n which_o in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n signify_v the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n some_o fetch_v its_o name_n from_o one_o fleno_fw-it a_o danish_a nobleman_n who_o have_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o fish_n trade_n in_o this_o place_n and_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o manor_n it_o be_v situate_v in_o a_o low_a and_o pleasant_a valley_n begird_v with_o several_a hill_n of_o great_a height_n it_o consist_v chief_o of_o one_o continue_a street_n of_o magnificent_a and_o noble_a building_n the_o length_n of_o which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v near_o two_o english_a mile_n all_o along_o this_o street_n the_o ship_n be_v bring_v up_o in_o a_o port_n so_o commodious_a that_o the_o citizen_n can_v lade_v and_o unlade_v their_o vessel_n at_o their_o door_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n in_o the_o suburb_n stand_v the_o castle_n which_o easy_o command_v the_o town_n and_o haven_n betwixt_o this_o city_n and_o sleswic_n be_v the_o undoubted_a seat_n of_o the_o ancient_a angle_n the_o ancestor_n and_o first_o founder_n of_o our_o english_a nation_n in_o britain_n which_o be_v not_o only_o prove_v by_o the_o assertion_n of_o our_o famous_a historian_n ethelwerd_v quote_v before_o but_o from_o a_o small_a village_n in_o this_o tract_n which_o to_o this_o day_n be_v call_v anglen_n ptolomey_n indeed_o and_o tacitus_n place_n the_o ancient_a angli_fw-la furrh_a southward_o as_o far_o as_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o elb_n and_o they_o be_v doubtless_o a_o more_o populous_a nation_n than_o can_v reasonable_o be_v imagine_v to_o be_v confine_v to_o so_o narrow_a a_o piece_n of_o ground_n as_o at_o this_o day_n go_v under_o the_o name_n of_o anglen_n in_o the_o map_n of_o our_o modern_a geographer_n for_o we_o can_v otherwise_o conceive_v they_o shall_v so_o far_o overpower_v the_o saxon_n and_o jute_n who_o come_v with_o they_o into_o britain_n as_o to_o call_v so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o our_o land_n after_o their_o own_o name_n without_o any_o notice_n take_v of_o their_o ally_n hadersleve_fw-fr seven_o german_a mile_n distant_a from_o flensburg_n northward_o hadersleve_fw-fr hadersleve_fw-fr be_v first_o make_v a_o city_n and_o have_v its_o charter_n confirm_v by_o waldemar_n duke_n of_o jutland_n about_o the_o year_n 1292._o it_o be_v former_o defend_v by_o a_o strong_a castle_n build_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n which_o overlook_v the_o town_n this_o john_n earl_n of_o holstein_n pull_v down_o and_o instead_o thereof_o begin_v to_o build_v a_o new_a one_o call_v from_o he_o hansburg_n or_o john's-castle_n for_o hans_n in_o the_o high_a dutch_a and_o danish_a tongue_n be_v the_o same_o with_o john_n which_o be_v finish_v by_o king_n frideric_n the_o second_o the_o most_o of_o the_o street_n in_o hadersleve_n be_v of_o a_o good_a breadth_n and_o very_o uniform_a in_o the_o great_a church_n be_v to_o be_v see_v a_o stately_a monument_n erect_v by_o king_n eric_n the_o eight_o to_o the_o memory_n of_o rombold_n duke_n of_o silesia_n who_o be_v send_v ambassador_n hither_o from_o the_o emperor_n sigismond_n to_o compose_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o holstein_n about_o the_o claim_n lay_v by_o both_o party_n to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o sleswic_n and_o die_v before_o the_o work_n be_v finish_v on_o the_o western_a coast_n of_o south-jutland_a live_v the_o srond-frisians_n srond-frisians_n srond-frisians_n mention_v often_o by_o saxon_a grammaticus_n as_o man_n of_o great_a strength_n and_o agility_n of_o body_n this_o historian_n reckon_v eyderstede_n a_o part_n of_o his_o frisia_n minor_a but_o now_o a_o day_n there_o be_v none_o go_v under_o the_o name_n of_o strand-frisians_n except_o a_o small_a remnant_n of_o people_n who_o inhabit_v the_o strant_n a_o inconsiderable_a island_n in_o the_o german_a ocean_n and_o a_o little_a narrow_a tract_n of_o land_n between_o husem_n and_o langenhorn_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o petit_fw-fr province_n they_o have_v a_o marketplace_n where_o they_o maintain_v a_o small_a traffic_n and_o commerce_n among_o themselves_o their_o country_n be_v defend_v from_o the_o rage_n of_o the_o sea_n like_a holland_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o netherlands_o by_o great_a earthen_a bank_n which_o preserve_v their_o meadow_n and_o corn_n field_n lie_v all_o on_o one_o level_a from_o the_o wave_n they_o have_v a_o great_a art_n of_o make_v the_o white_a and_o best_a salt_n in_o europe_n of_o earth_n soak_a in_o the_o sea-water_n dry_v and_o boil_v saxo_n say_v these_o people_n be_v a_o colony_n of_o frislander_n in_o the_o low_a country_n who_o be_v a_o laborious_a nation_n and_o destitute_a of_o habitation_n in_o their_o own_o country_n come_v hither_o to_o seek_v their_o fortune_n and_o by_o drain_n the_o fen_n make_v this_o piece_n of_o marshy_a ground_n habitable_a what_o time_n this_o transplantation_n happen_v be_v not_o mention_v in_o the_o danish_a chronicle_n but_o that_o it_o be_v so_o will_v be_v manifest_a to_o any_o one_o that_o will_v compare_v the_o language_n habit_n and_o manner_n of_o this_o people_n with_o those_o of_o the_o frisian_n in_o the_o netherlands_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o town_n of_o note_n in_o the_o southern_a jutland_n be_v 1._o husem_n a_o rich_a and_o neat_a port-town_n on_o the_o western_a shore_n 2._o the_o two_o tunderens_n great_a and_o less_o both_o place_n of_o considerable_a traffic_n upon_o the_o same_o coast_n 3._o gottorp_n the_o ancient_a seat_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o duke_n of_o holstein_n it_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o sly_a exceed_o well_o fortify_v and_o very_o remarkable_a for_o the_o tol-booth_n or_o custom-house_n which_o one_o year_n with_o another_o bring_v in_o toll_n for_o at_o least_o 50000_o ox_n which_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o jutland_n into_o germany_n 4._o appenrade_n seat_v on_o a_o small_a bay_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o much_o frequent_v by_o the_o danish_a fisherman_n of_o the_o ancient_a wall_n of_o partition_n which_o
claim_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o treatye_n of_o roschild_n copenhagen_n and_o westphalia_n which_o by_o this_o treaty_n be_v confirm_v the_o duke_n expect_v beside_o be_v restore_v to_o his_o country_n some_o recompense_n for_o the_o damage_n he_o have_v sustain_v during_o the_o war_n and_o at_o least_o to_o have_v have_v back_o the_o canon_n be_v a_o hundred_o excellent_a brass_n piece_n which_o be_v take_v out_o of_o tunningen_n when_o it_o be_v seize_v and_o dismantle_v by_o denmark_n but_o his_o expectation_n in_o this_o point_n be_v not_o answer_v one_o of_o the_o article_n of_o the_o same_o treaty_n be_v that_o the_o country_n of_o rixingen_n belong_v to_o count_n alefelt_n chancellor_n of_o denmark_n make_v governor_n of_o holstein_n in_o the_o year_n 1663._o upon_o the_o death_n of_o christian_a earl_n of_o rantzaw_n chief_a minister_n of_o state_n to_o the_o late_a king_n frideric_n iii_o confiscate_v during_o the_o war_n shall_v be_v restore_v to_o he_o ditmars_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o province_n be_v a_o remnant_n of_o the_o ancient_a saxon_n and_o retain_v much_o of_o the_o prowess_n and_o heroic_a spirit_n of_o their_o ancestor_n some_o will_v have_v the_o word_n write_v deutsch_n or_o teutschmarsh_n i._n e._n the_o german_a or_o dutch_a marsh_n because_o the_o people_n be_v relic_n of_o the_o german-saxons_a and_o the_o country_n plain_a and_o fenny_a the_o ditmarssians_n be_v never_o like_o the_o wagrians_n and_o stormarians_n bring_v under_o subjection_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o holstein_n till_o that_o whole_a earldom_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n and_o though_o they_o be_v give_v by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n iii_o to_o christian_a earl_n of_o oldenburgh_n the_o first_o danish_n king_n of_o that_o house_n yet_o soon_o after_o they_o throw_v off_o this_o yoke_n and_o refuse_v to_o acknowledge_v themselves_o subject_a to_o he_o or_o his_o successor_n till_o by_o the_o valour_n and_o good_a fortune_n of_o king_n 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that_o the_o point_n of_o homage_n shall_v be_v amicable_o determine_v by_o treaty_n or_o by_o a_o ordinary_a process_n before_o the_o chamber_n of_o spire_n and_o that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n this_o city_n shall_v enjoy_v a_o neutrality_n and_o free_a commerce_n as_o former_o ii_o that_o this_o city_n with_o a_o thankful_a acknowledgement_n of_o his_o majesty_n good_a will_n towards_o they_o shall_v remain_v in_o a_o humble_a devotion_n towards_o he_o and_o shall_v to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n further_o his_o good_a and_o prevent_v any_o evil_n they_o know_v likely_a to_o happen_v to_o he_o iii_o that_o for_o the_o great_a manifestation_n of_o this_o their_o devotion_n this_o city_n shall_v send_v a_o formal_a deputation_n to_o his_o majesty_n iv_o that_o this_o city_n in_o consideration_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v gracious_o please_v to_o receive_v they_o again_o into_o his_o favour_n shall_v pay_v he_o 220000_o crown_n at_o four_o term_n the_o first_o payment_n to_o be_v make_v immediate_o after_o the_o ratify_v the_o recess_n the_o second_o within_o six_o month_n after_o and_o the_o three_o and_o last_o at_o the_o end_n of_o other_o six_o month_n v._o that_o his_o majesty_n shall_v quit_v all_o his_o pretension_n to_o any_o land_n which_o this_o city_n at_o present_a hold_n either_o in_o particular_a or_o in_o common_a with_o the_o city_n of_o lubeck_n shall_v release_v the_o ship_n stop_v dithmarsia_n rendesburgum_n kiel_n et_fw-fr bordesholm_n in_o occidentali_fw-la pâ—rte_fw-la holsatiae_fw-la tabula_fw-la geographica_n novissima_fw-la ducatus_fw-la stormariae_fw-la in_o meriodionali_fw-la parte_fw-la holsatiae_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a et_fw-la mosem_fw-la pitt_n wagria_n quae_fw-la est_fw-la pars_fw-la orientalid_n holsatiae_fw-la exit_fw-la officina_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a et_fw-fr moses_n pitt_n at_o gluckstadt_n and_o shall_v ratify_v this_o recess_n within_o eight_o day_n five_o day_n after_o the_o sign_v of_o this_o interim_n recess_n so_o call_v because_o it_o leave_v both_o party_n in_o the_o same_o right_n they_o have_v before_o the_o deputy_n of_o hamburgh_n according_a to_o the_o tenure_n of_o the_o three_o article_n wait_v on_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n at_o his_o quarter_n at_o pinneberg_n and_o be_v admit_v to_o audience_n speak_v to_o he_o in_o the_o follow_a word_n most_o serene_a and_o most_o potent_a king_n most_o gracious_a lord_n whereas_o your_o royal_a majesty_n be_v by_o the_o mercy_n of_o god_n happy_o arrive_v in_o this_o your_o dukedom_n and_o consequent_o in_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o this_o city_n of_o hamburgh_n and_o have_v cause_v proposal_n consist_v in_o three_o point_n to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o say_a city_n and_o have_v desire_v their_o resolution_n thereupon_o and_o whereas_o the_o first_o point_n through_o the_o shortness_n of_o time_n and_o for_o other_o reason_n can_v not_o be_v determine_v at_o present_a and_o that_o your_o majesty_n have_v therefore_o be_v gracious_o please_v to_o refer_v the_o same_o to_o a_o amicable_a agreement_n or_o to_o a_o legal_a determination_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o remove_v the_o displeasure_n you_o have_v take_v against_o the_o say_a city_n and_o by_o a_o interim_n recess_n gracious_o to_o agree_v that_o as_o well_o the_o right_n and_o pretension_n of_o your_o majesty_n as_o of_o the_o say_a city_n shall_v remain_v unprejudiced_a the_o burgermaster_n and_o raedt_n deputy_n do_v in_o the_o name_n of_o themselves_o and_o of_o all_o the_o burgher_n appear_v before_o your_o majesty_n and_o do_v promise_v faithful_o to_o observe_v the_o say_v interim_n recess_n in_o all_o its_o point_n and_o clause_n and_o particular_o to_o bear_v your_o majesty_n most_o humble_a and_o become_a devotion_n that_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n they_o will_v further_o your_o majesty_n good_a and_o hinder_v all_o ill_a and_o detriment_n from_o happen_v to_o your_o majesty_n provide_v this_o city_n be_v leave_v in_o a_o quiet_a and_o undisturbed_a enjoyment_n of_o their_o
people_n what_o the_o reader_n miss_v in_o the_o general_a description_n of_o norway_n may_v possible_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o follow_a one_o of_o island_n the_o prefecture_n of_o masterland_n this_o prefecture_n take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o chief_a city_n in_o it_o seat_v on_o a_o rocky_a peninsula_n and_o famous_a for_o its_o great_a trade_n in_o herring_n and_o other_o sea-fish_n this_o city_n with_o two_o more_o of_o less_o note_n congel_n and_o oddawald_n and_o the_o adjoin_a country_n be_v command_v by_o the_o strong_a castle_n of_o bahus_n now_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n it_o be_v first_o build_v by_o haquin_n iv_o king_n of_o norway_n about_o the_o year_n 1309_o upon_o a_o steep_a rock_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n trollet_n and_o be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o the_o best_a fort_n that_o king_n have_v in_o his_o dominion_n and_o a_o sufficient_a bulwark_n against_o the_o daily_a assault_n and_o incursion_n of_o the_o swede_n and_o 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former_a age_n the_o hilt_n of_o it_o be_v make_v of_o crystal_n curious_o wrought_v and_o polish_a whence_o olaus_n magnus_n will_v needs_o conclude_v that_o the_o use_n of_o crystal_n be_v ancient_o much_o more_o ordinary_a in_o norway_n then_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n in_o any_o part_n of_o europe_n not_o far_o from_o opslo_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o bay_n stand_v the_o castle_n of_o aggerhusen_n memorable_a for_o the_o brave_a resistance_n it_o make_v the_o swedish_n army_n in_o the_o year_n 1567._o which_o besiege_v it_o hot_o eighteen_o week_n together_o but_o be_v at_o last_o beat_v off_o and_o force_v shameful_o to_o retire_v about_o twenty_o german_a mile_n northward_o of_o opslo_n lie_v the_o city_n hammer_n former_o a_o bishop_n see_v but_o at_o present_a under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o opslo_n near_o this_o town_n be_v the_o island_n moos_n where_o if_o we_o believe_v olaus_n magnus_fw-la a_o huge_a and_o monstrous_a serpent_n appear_v constant_o before_o any_o grand_a alteration_n in_o the_o state_n or_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n in_o this_o province_n beside_o the_o place_n already_o mention_v stand_v the_o city_n of_o tonsberg_n fridericstadt_n saltsburgh_n and_o scheen_n which_o have_v all_o a_o considerable_a trade_n from_o the_o copper_n and_o iron_n mine_n which_o hereabout_o be_v in_o great_a number_n then_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v in_o this_o province_n that_o the_o silver_n mine_n mention_v before_o be_v first_o discover_v at_o the_o expense_n of_o christian_a iu._n king_n of_o denmark_n and_o some_o of_o the_o adjoin_a hill_n be_v by_o the_o neighbourhood_n to_o this_o day_n call_v silver-bergen_a or_o the_o mountain_n of_o silver_n to_o these_o mine_n and_o the_o lofty_a wood_n of_o pine_n and_o fir-tree_n with_o which_o this_o part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v overspread_v the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n owe_v the_o great_a part_n of_o if_o not_o all_o its_o trade_n the_o city_n of_o staffenger_n lie_v in_o 59_o degree_n some_o reckon_v 60_o and_o a_o great_a many_o odd_a minute_n of_o latitude_n it_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o peninsuia_fw-la upon_o a_o great_a bay_n of_o the_o northern_a ocean_n full_a of_o small_a island_n and_o guard_v by_o the_o strong_a castle_n of_o doeswick_n which_o lie_v about_o two_o english_a mile_n from_o the_o town_n in_o civil_a affair_n this_o city_n be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o bergenhusen_n though_o it_o have_v its_o own_o peculiar_a bishop_n constant_o reside_v in_o the_o town_n the_o whole_a bishopric_n be_v divide_v into_o the_o several_a district_n of_o stavangersteen_n dalarne_n jaren_n listerleen_n mandalsleen_n nedenesleen_n and_o abygdelag_n thomas_n conrade_n hvegner_n bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n in_o the_o year_n 1641_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o collect_v a_o great_a number_n of_o runic_a inscription_n which_o lie_v scatter_v up_o and_o down_o his_o diocese_n some_o of_o which_o be_v publish_v by_o wormius_n who_o further_o inform_v we_o that_o this_o conrad_n predecessor_n who_o name_n he_o omit_v write_v a_o topographical_n description_n of_o this_o city_n and_o bishopric_n beyond_o the_o bay_n appear_v the_o island_n schutenes_n three_o german_a mile_n in_o length_n but_o scarce_o half_a a_o one_o in_o breadth_n between_o this_o island_n which_o have_v in_o it_o several_a considerable_a village_n and_o the_o continent_n run_v up_o a_o narrow_a frith_n to_o bergen_n which_o be_v call_v by_o the_o dutch_a merchant_n to_o liedt_n van_fw-mi berghen_fw-mi to_o the_o bishopric_n of_o staffenger_n belong_v the_o province_n of_o tillemarch_n or_o thylemarch_n which_o give_v procopius_n the_o first_o ground_n for_o that_o assertion_n of_o he_o which_o he_o defend_v with_o so_o great_a vehemency_n viz._n that_o scandinavia_n take_v in_o its_o large_a extent_n of_o which_o thylemarch_n be_v a_o very_a inconsiderable_a part_n be_v the_o ancient_a thule_n the_o parish_n of_o hollen_n in_o this_o province_n be_v very_o remarkable_a for_o a_o churchyard_n or_o bury_v place_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o church_n dedicate_v to_o st._n michael_n which_o be_v cut_v out_o of_o a_o great_a high_a rock_n call_v by_o the_o vicenage_n vear_n upon_o the_o lake_n nordsee_n half_o a_o mile_n distant_a from_o scheen_n wormius_n think_v it_o be_v former_o a_o heathenish_a temple_n but_o convert_v to_o christian_a use_n upon_o the_o first_o plant_n of_o the_o gospel_n in_o this_o kingdom_n the_o prefecture_n and_o bishopric_n of_o berghen_n this_o bishopric_n the_o most_o fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a part_n of_o all_o norway_n lie_v to_o the_o north_n of_o aggerhusen_n in_o the_o middle_n or_o heart_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o derive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o fair_a and_o noble_a emporium_n or_o mart-town_n of_o berghen_n or_o else_o from_o the_o strong_a castle_n of_o berghenhusen_n the_o usual_a seat_n of_o the_o viceroy_n of_o norway_n at_o a_o small_a distance_n from_o berghen_n northward_o berghen_n a_o ancient_a and_o famous_a seaport_n town_n mention_v by_o pomponius_n mela_n and_o pliny_n be_v the_o granary_n and_o magazine_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o norway_n it_o lie_v distant_a from_o bahusen_n about_o a_o hundred_o german_a mile_n by_o sea_n and_o sixty_o by_o land_n from_o truntheim_n as_o many_o from_o schagen_n the_o outmost_a promontory_n of_o jutland_n almost_o eighty_o some_o have_v fetch_v its_o name_n from_o the_o norwegian_a verb_n bergen_n which_o signify_v to_o hide_v or_o conceal_v because_o the_o haven_n be_v surround_v with_o hill_n seem_v to_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o sculking-place_n for_o ship_n where_o vesfel_n of_o two_o hundred_o tun_n and_o upward_o ride_v in_o a_o spacious_a and_o most_o secure_a harbour_n free_a from_o all_o danger_n of_o wind_n and_o weather_n but_o we_o need_v not_o trouble_v ourselves_o any_o further_a for_o the_o derivation_n of_o the_o name_n then_o to_o consider_v that_o berghen_n in_o the_o norwegian_a language_n signify_v mountain_n and_o berghenhusen_a a_o company_n of_o house_n among_o the_o hill_n the_o building_n in_o this_o city_n till_o within_o these_o few_o year_n be_v exceed_o mean_a and_o contemptible_a most_o of_o they_o of_o wood_n cover_v with_o green_a turf_n and_o therefore_o frequent_o burn_v down_o but_o of_o late_a the_o hamburgher_n lubecker_n hollander_n and_o other_o that_o trade_n this_o way_n have_v beautify_v the_o town_n with_o a_o exchange_n and_o a_o great_a many_o private_a house_n of_o credit_n the_o most_o peculiar_a trade_n of_o this_o city_n lie_v in_o a_o kind_n of_o stockfish_n catch_v upon_o these_o coast_n and_o thence_o call_v usual_o by_o the_o norway_n merchant_n berghenvisch_n this_o the_o fisherman_n take_v in_o winter_n common_o in_o january_n for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o dry_v it_o in_o the_o cold_a and_o sharp_a air_n beside_o hither_o fur_n of_o all_o sort_n and_o vast_a quantity_n of_o dry_a
and_o its_o people_n too_o stiff-necked_a to_o be_v keep_v in_o subjection_n in_o the_o day_n of_o our_o saxon_a king_n a_o continual_a and_o uninterrupted_a war_n between_o this_o nation_n and_o the_o northern_a kingdom_n put_v a_o stop_n to_o all_o trade_n in_o the_o british_a and_o norwegian_a sea_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o dane_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o this_o island_n commerce_n be_v again_o renew_v which_o last_v till_o the_o english_a take_v their_o opportunity_n to-shew_a the_o world_n by_o reject_v the_o power_n of_o denmark_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o communication_n with_o that_o people_n how_o high_o they_o resent_v the_o tyrannical_a usurpation_n of_o foreign_a prince_n since_o the_o conquest_n england_n have_v seldom_o or_o never_o want_v a_o considerable_a fleet_n of_o norway_n merchantman_n william_n of_o malmesbury_n who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1142_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o his_o time_n bristol_n be_v a_o place_n much_o frequent_v by_o the_o irish_a and_o norwegian_n hackluit_fw-la give_v a_o account_n of_o certain_a treaty_n concern_v the_o northern_a trade_n between_o our_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o and_o haquin_n king_n of_o norway_n he_o that_o will_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o read_v over_o the_o agreement_n between_o henry_n iv_o king_n of_o england_n and_o the_o company_n of_o merchant_n from_o the_o hans_n town_n set_v down_o at_o large_a by_o mr._n hackluit_fw-la in_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o his_o english_a voyage_n p._n 146._o will_v find_v a_o considerable_a register_n of_o our_o merchantman_n take_v on_o the_o coast_n and_o out_o of_o the_o havens_n of_o norway_n and_o may_v thence_o be_v enable_v to_o give_v a_o tolerable_a guess_n at_o the_o number_n of_o our_o norway_n merchant_n in_o those_o day_n in_o the_o twenty-fifth_a year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o our_o present_a sovereign_a charles_n ii_o a_o act_n pass_v for_o the_o encouragement_n of_o the_o greenland_n and_o eastland_n trade_n etc._n etc._n in_o which_o it_o be_v order_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a to_o and_o for_o every_o person_n and_o person_n native_a or_o foreigner_n from_o and_o after_o the_o first_o day_n of_o may_n 1673_o at_o all_o time_n to_o have_v free_a liberty_n to_o trade_n into_o and_o from_o sweden_n denmark_n and_o norway_n this_o and_o several_a other_o clause_n of_o the_o same_o act_n which_o take_v off_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o custom_n former_o pay_v upon_o the_o importation_n of_o any_o east-land_n commodity_n have_v encourage_v great_a number_n of_o merchant_n and_o other_o to_o traffic_v in_o these_o northern_a sea_n and_o improve_v the_o trade_n of_o greenland_n and_o norway_n far_o beyond_o the_o example_n of_o former_a age_n for_o though_o the_o advantage_n that_o can_v be_v hope_v for_o from_o these_o kind_n of_o voyage_n be_v not_o answerable_a to_o what_o may_v be_v expect_v out_o of_o the_o levant_n and_o american_n plantation_n yet_o the_o small_a danger_n and_o charge_n these_o man_n be_v expose_v to_o be_v strong_a inducement_n to_o venture_v a_o voyage_n wherein_o the_o hazard_n be_v not_o great_a nor_o any_o way_n proportionable_a to_o the_o prospect_n of_o gain_n beside_o in_o the_o act_n before_o mention_v it_o be_v provide_v that_o whatsoever_o person_n or_o person_n subject_n of_o this_o realm_n shall_v desire_v to_o be_v admit_v into_o the_o fellowship_n of_o merchant_n of_o eastland_n shall_v be_v admit_v into_o the_o say_a fellowship_n pay_v for_o his_o admission_n the_o sum_n of_o forty_o shilling_n and_o no_o more_o which_o be_v a_o sum_n exceed_o inconsiderable_a if_o compare_v with_o the_o fee_n pay_v upon_o admission_n into_o some_o other_o company_n the_o island_n of_o fero_n the_o fero_n island_n be_v only_o so_o many_o high_a and_o rocky_a mountain_n in_o the_o northern_a sea_n divide_v from_o one_o another_o by_o narrow_a frith_n and_o rapid_a current_n and_o enclose_v a_o large_a or_o lesser_a circuit_n of_o stony_a valley_n cover_v over_o with_o a_o turf_n of_o about_o two_o foot_n thick_a they_o be_v so_o call_v from_o fare_n which_o in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o native_n signify_v a_o ferry_n from_o the_o many_o ferries_n or_o cross_n of_o the_o water_n from_o one_o island_n to_o another_o they_o be_v sixteen_o in_o number_n 1._o fugloe_n or_o fowl-island_n about_o three_o english_a mile_n long_o and_o two_o broad_a 2._o swino_n in_o which_o be_v a_o pleasant_a valley_n of_o a_o mile_n in_o length_n 3._o videroe_n six_o mile_n long_o and_o three_o broad_a 4._o bordoe_v six_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o a_o mile_n broad_a famous_a for_o a_o good_a harbour_n call_v by_o the_o native_n vaag_v 5._o cunoe_n of_o the_o same_o bigness_n 6._o kalsoe_n something_o long_o and_o broad_a than_o either_o of_o the_o former_a 7._o osteroe_n twenty_o mile_n long_o and_o in_o some_o place_n two_o in_o other_o four_o mile_n broad_a 8._o stromoe_n twentyfour_o mile_n long_o and_o eight_o broad_a in_o this_o island_n stand_v thors-haven_n the_o metropolis_n and_o town_n of_o great_a traffic_n in_o all_o the_o fero_n island_n 9_o wagoe_o a_o round_a piece_n of_o ground_n of_o about_o eight_o mile_n in_o diameter_n 10._o migness_n 11._o rolter_n a_o mile_n long_o and_o half_a a_o mile_n broad_a 12._o sandoe_n eight_o mile_n long_o and_o four_o mile_n broad_a 13._o sknoe_n three_o mile_n long_o and_o one_o in_o breadth_n 14._o storetdiemen_n 15._o lille-diemen_n 16._o sideroe_n twenty_o mile_n long_o and_o eight_o broad_a the_o air_n in_o these_o island_n be_v in_o summer_n temperate_o warm_a not_o very_o hot_a at_o any_o time_n in_o the_o cold_a winter_n the_o frost_n be_v never_o so_o violent_a as_o to_o cause_v ice_n in_o any_o of_o the_o bay_n so_o that_o horse_n and_o sheep_n lie_v in_o the_o field_n the_o whole_a winter_n long_o they_o have_v never_o any_o thunder_n in_o the_o summer_n but_o frequent_o in_o the_o spring_n autumn_n and_o winter_n which_o be_v then_o general_o accompany_v with_o a_o storm_n and_o follow_v by_o shower_n of_o rain_n the_o air_n of_o itself_o be_v wholesome_a free_a from_o the_o plague_n smallpox_n or_o any_o contagious_a disease_n except_o bring_v in_o by_o foreigner_n so_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v common_o long-lived_a however_o in_o some_o of_o the_o island_n the_o native_n be_v exceed_o subject_a to_o rheum_n which_o cause_n violent_a cough_n and_o headache_n both_o which_o disease_n they_o cure_v by_o drink_v sour_a whey_n as_o hot_a as_o they_o can_v endure_v it_o beside_o these_o the_o scurvy_a leprosy_n and_o a_o kind_n of_o feverish_a distemper_n call_v by_o the_o native_n landfarsoet_n be_v epidemical_a illness_n which_o reign_n in_o several_a of_o the_o isle_n but_o seldom_o or_o never_o turn_v to_o mortal_a disease_n the_o southern_a island_n produce_v great_a store_n of_o barley_n though_o hardly_o any_o other_o grain_n come_v to_o maturity_n insomuch_o that_o a_o tun_n of_o seed_n will_v ordinary_o yield_v twenty_o or_o thirty_o tun_n of_o grain_n the_o pasture_n ground_n afford_v great_a plenty_n of_o good_a and_o sweet_a grass_n these_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v fiedelands_n and_o take_v care_n common_o that_o they_o lie_v open_a to_o the_o north_n and_o north-east_n wind_n in_o some_o of_o these_o field_n they_o have_v stock_n of_o as_o large_a and_o fat_a ox_n as_o any_o other_o part_n of_o europe_n afford_v the_o island_n be_v all_o of_o they_o plentiful_o store_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o medicinal_a plant_n requisite_a for_o the_o cure_n of_o those_o distemper_n to_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v most_o incline_v among_o the_o rest_n you_o may_v every_o where_o meet_v with_o great_a quantity_n of_o scurvygrass_n water-cress_n sorrel_n etc._n etc._n they_o have_v great_a store_n of_o angelica_n which_o grow_v as_o well_o on_o the_o top_n of_o high_a hill_n as_o in_o the_o open_a field_n this_o common_o make_v one_o of_o their_o most_o delicate_a dish_n at_o all_o entertainment_n beside_o the_o radix_fw-la rhodia_n call_v in_o their_o language_n hielpe-rod_n be_v not_o where_o meet_v with_o in_o so_o great_a plenty_n as_o in_o these_o island_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o run_a stream_n and_o lake_n the_o distil_a water_n of_o this_o plant_n be_v here_o make_v use_n of_o upon_o all_o occasion_n as_o rose-water_n with_o we_o in_o england_n here_o be_v several_a sort_n of_o fowl_n as_o dove_n stare_v owl_n sparrow-hawk_n crow_n and_o raven_n many_o of_o which_o be_v white_a grelling_n etc._n etc._n their_o chief_a seafowl_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o teal_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o crow_n with_o a_o yellow_a long_a and_o round_a bill_n a_o great_a enemy_n to_o and_o persecutor_n of_o the_o raven_n the_o eyder_n a_o sort_n of_o duck_n which_o yield_v the_o eyder-down_a be_v a_o fowl_n peculiar_a to_o these_o island_n this_o bird_n usual_o pull_v the_o down_o from_o she_o own_o breast_n to_o build_v her_o nest_n
minute_n and_o then_o the_o parallel_n betwixt_o ptolomy_n thule_n and_o this_o island_n will_v fail_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n nature_n of_o the_o soil_n temperature_n of_o the_o air_n etc._n etc._n be_v the_o same_o in_o this_o isle_n as_o in_o iseland_n iseland_n iseland_n be_v a_o isle_n in_o the_o deucalidonian_a sea_n situation_n situation_n situate_v 13_o deg_fw-la and_o 30_o min._n of_o longitude_n and_o 65_o deg_fw-la and_o 44_o min._n of_o latitude_n reckon_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o whole_a isle_n from_o skalholt_n the_o chief_a city_n in_o it_o it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o northern_a ocean_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o deucalidonian_a sea_n on_o the_o north_n and_o west_n with_o the_o freeze_a sea_n of_o groenland_n the_o isle_n be_v first_o discover_v by_o one_o naddoc_n discovery_n discovery_n who_o sail_v near_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o fero_n island_n be_v by_o a_o unexpected_a tempest_n drive_v upon_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o iseland_n which_o from_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o snow_n that_o then_o overspread_v the_o country_n he_o call_v sneeland_n after_o he_o a_o swedish_n mariner_n name_v gardar_n make_v a_o second_o discovery_n of_o this_o isle_n and_o after_o his_o own_o name_n call_v it_o gardarsholm_n this_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 864._o not_o long_o after_o this_o one_o flocco_n a_o norwegian_a pirate_n make_v a_o three_o discovery_n of_o it_o not_o casual_o as_o the_o other_o two_o have_v do_v but_o by_o design_n he_o have_v hear_v some_o faint_a story_n of_o the_o two_o former_a discoverer_n and_o question_v not_o but_o if_o he_o can_v meet_v with_o this_o newfound_a land_n to_o be_v better_o pay_v for_o his_o pain_n then_o his_o predecessor_n have_v be_v whereupon_o he_o resolve_v on_o the_o adventure_n and_o instead_o of_o the_o mariner_n compass_n which_o at_o that_o time_n be_v never_o dream_v of_o make_v use_v of_o the_o follow_v expedient_a to_o direct_v he_o in_o his_o voyage_n he_o take_v with_o he_o out_o of_o schetland_n three_o crow_n and_o have_v sail_v northwards_o for_o some_o day_n he_o let_v one_o of_o they_o fly_v which_o he_o perceive_v return_v to_o schetland_n soon_o after_o he_o throw_v a_o second_o out_o of_o the_o ship_n which_o find_v no_o land_n to_o set_v her_o foot_n on_o return_v weary_a into_o the_o vessel_n within_o awhile_o after_o he_o send_v out_o the_o three_o crow_n which_o fly_v to_o this_o isle_n flocco_n follow_v this_o leader_n land_v safe_a in_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o isle_n and_o there_o winter_v find_v this_o country_n all_o the_o while_o he_o stay_v there_o oppress_v with_o intolerable_a frost_n and_o snow_n he_o call_v the_o whole_a land_n iseland_n or_o iceland_n which_o name_n it_o retain_v to_o this_o day_n the_o next_o winter_n he_o spend_v in_o the_o southern_a part_n but_o meet_v there_o with_o as_o cold_a entertainment_n as_o he_o have_v find_v in_o the_o north_n he_o hoist_a up_o sail_n the_o spring_n follow_v and_o return_v to_o norway_n where_o he_o be_v ever_o after_o call_v rafnafloke_n or_o flocco_n the_o crow_n the_o first_o inhabitant_n of_o iseland_n come_v into_o the_o isle_n in_o the_o yeat_a 874_o inhabitant_n first_o inhabitant_n bring_v hither_o by_o one_o ingulf_n a_o norwegian_a baron_n who_o with_o hiorlief_n his_o brother_n in-law_n flee_v or_o be_v banish_v his_o own_o country_n for_o murder_v another_o nobleman_n the_o islandic_n chronicle_n which_o make_v the_o say_a year_n its_o epoch_n tell_v we_o that_o this_o ingulf_n find_v the_o isle_n whole_o desolate_a and_o destitute_a of_o all_o manner_n of_o inhabitant_n nor_o be_v there_o in_o this_o work_n any_o mention_n of_o any_o former_a discovery_n whatsoever_o make_v either_o by_o the_o english_a or_o irish_a though_o some_o of_o our_o historian_n have_v assert_v that_o iseland_n be_v well_o know_v to_o both_o these_o nation_n long_o before_o ingulf_n bring_v in_o his_o norwegian_n the_o irish_a annal_n go_v further_o and_o assure_v we_o that_o the_o ancient_a iselander_n call_v the_o irish_a papas_n and_o the_o western_a part_n of_o their_o isle_n as_o most_o frequent_v by_o irish_a merchant_n papey_n arngrim_n ionas_n follow_v the_o chronicle_n of_o his_o country_n and_o be_v very_o passionate_a in_o assert_v that_o before_o ingulf_n no_o manner_n of_o inhabitant_n be_v hear_v of_o in_o this_o island_n and_o in_o his_o specimen_fw-la islandicum_fw-la he_o be_v extreme_o enrage_v at_o pontanus_n and_o the_o author_n he_o follow_v for_o offer_v to_o assert_v that_o iseland_n be_v the_o ultima_fw-la thule_n of_o the_o ancient_n for_o say_v he_o if_o our_o isle_n be_v that_o thule_n which_o virgil_n and_o other_o roman_a write_v mention_n it_o must_v needs_o have_v be_v inhabit_v in_o the_o day_n of_o augustus_n the_o emperor_n and_o than_o what_o credit_n i_o pray_v can_v be_v give_v to_o our_o iselandic_n chronicle_n which_o tell_v we_o in_o plain_a term_n that_o this_o isle_n be_v never_o inhabit_v before_o ingulf_n be_v day_n but_o if_o that_o learned_a author_n will_v give_v we_o leave_v to_o argue_v the_o case_n it_o be_v possible_a he_o may_v not_o find_v any_o reason_n at_o last_o to_o be_v in_o so_o great_a a_o rage_n for_o in_o the_o work_n quote_v he_o himself_o allow_v the_o story_n of_o the_o irish_a be_v first_o call_v papas_n by_o the_o ancient_a iselander_n if_o we_o inquire_v what_o those_o ancient_a inhabitant_n be_v that_o give_v the_o irish_a this_o name_n it_o will_v questionless_a be_v answer_v they_o be_v heathen_n this_o arngrim_n take_v for_o grant_v and_o think_v the_o answer_n satisfactory_a enough_o and_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o first_o inhabitant_n of_o iseland_n be_v heathenish_a idolater_n from_o one_o passage_n in_o the_o iselandic_n chronicle_n where_o we_o be_v tell_v that_o in_o the_o west_n of_o iseland_n there_o be_v a_o large_a piece_n of_o ground_n encircle_v with_o a_o ditch_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o which_o stand_v a_o great_a stone_n make_v use_v of_o former_o for_o a_o altar_n whereon_o they_o use_v in_o the_o day_n of_o idolatry_n and_o paganism_n to_o sacrifice_v man_n to_o their_o god_n woden_n but_o then_o if_o we_o consult_v the_o ancient_a monument_n of_o the_o northern_a kingdom_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o great_a part_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n convert_v to_o christianity_n before_o ingulf_n time_n so_o that_o it_o will_v be_v find_v upon_o examination_n high_o probable_a that_o there_o be_v inhabitant_n in_o iseland_n before_o ingulf_n bring_v over_o his_o norwegian_n and_o those_o perhaps_o know_v to_o the_o english_a and_o irish_a the_o isle_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n mountainous_a and_o rocky_a soiâ—_n soiâ—_n though_o some_o valley_n afford_v good_a store_n of_o corn_n and_o pasturage_n notwithstanding_o there_o be_v so_o many_o and_o so_o vast_a mountain_n in_o this_o isle_n there_o be_v no_o manner_n of_o mine_n either_o of_o metal_n or_o mineral_n in_o the_o whole_a 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insomuch_o that_o every_o man_n who_o have_v any_o thing_n to_o dispose_v of_o make_v his_o will_n before_o he_o go_v to_o fight_v as_o never_o expect_v to_o return_v out_o of_o the_o field_n alive_a and_o we_o do_v not_o find_v that_o germany_n be_v ever_o yet_o subdue_v by_o any_o foreign_a enemy_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v imagine_v but_o those_o that_o from_o their_o cradle_n if_o ever_o they_o have_v any_o such_o thing_n be_v accustom_a to_o lie_v on_o the_o ground_n and_o go_v naked_a shall_v at_o last_o make_v good_a soldier_n and_o according_o we_o find_v they_o spend_v the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o life_n in_o martial_a exercise_n in_o time_n of_o any_o general_a invasion_n every_o man_n except_o infirm_a person_n and_o such_o as_o attend_v their_o sacrifice_n that_o exceed_v the_o age_n of_o twenty_o year_n be_v press_v to_o take_v up_o arms._n otherwise_o in_o case_n of_o a_o more_o inconsiderable_a quarrel_n in_o which_o some_o few_o particular_a province_n be_v only_o concern_v every_o gow_n or_o village_n send_v out_o a_o hundred_o fight_a man_n with_o a_o centurion_n to_o command_v they_o the_o great_a mischief_n be_v they_o understand_v but_o little_a martial_a discipline_n and_o therefore_o their_o chief_a confidence_n lie_v in_o the_o number_n and_o resolute_a humour_n of_o their_o soldier_n their_o army_n use_v common_o to_o encamp_v in_o some_o large_a wood_n or_o forrest_n and_o there_o lie_v skulk_a till_o they_o have_v a_o opportunity_n of_o make_v a_o advantageous_a sally_n upon_o the_o enemy_n many_o of_o they_o fight_v naked_a other_o wear_v some_o slender_a armour_n over_o their_o head_n and_o shoulder_n make_v of_o the_o hide_n of_o a_o wolf_n or_o some_o other_o wild_a beast_n every_o man_n carry_v a_o club_n on_o his_o shoulder_n such_o as_o hercules_n be_v ordinary_o picture_v with_o and_o most_o of_o they_o have_v spear_n in_o their_o hand_n when_o the_o roman_n come_v among_o they_o they_o learn_v to_o be_v more_o methodical_a and_o orderly_a in_o their_o engagement_n by_o degree_n they_o come_v to_o wear_v good_a substantial_a helmet_n of_o iron_n which_o they_o adorn_v on_o the_o top_n with_o a_o tufft_a of_o horsehair_n or_o sometime_o a_o bunch_n of_o red_a feather_n whence_o to_o this_o day_n the_o german_n reckon_v that_o a_o ancient_a coat_n of_o arm_n which_o show_v such_o a_o tufft_a in_o the_o crest_n as_o it_o be_v likewise_o account_v no_o small_a token_n of_o nobility_n to_o bear_v in_o their_o coat_n pallet_n of_o several_a colour_n since_o the_o old_a german_n use_v to_o wear_v shield_n on_o their_o left_a side_n streak_v with_o red_a blue_a white_a and_o several_a other_o colour_n for_o distinction_n sake_n some_o of_o their_o commander_n and_o other_o great_a man_n in_o the_o army_n wear_v a_o long_a and_o broad_a sword_n on_o their_o right_a side_n which_o they_o use_v to_o manage_v with_o both_o hand_n these_o be_v report_v to_o have_v be_v so_o weighty_a that_o when_o well_o guide_v 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which_o have_v increase_v so_o large_o in_o the_o revolution_n of_o some_o year_n as_o to_o overspread_v all_o that_o vast_a province_n which_o they_o inhabit_v out_o of_o the_o nobility_n the_o peasant_n choose_v themselves_o a_o king_n or_o captain_n government_n government_n who_o have_v supreme_a dominion_n over_o all_o the_o province_n in_o which_o he_o preside_v cluverius_n liken_n this_o governor_n to_o he_o who_o the_o lacedaemonian_n and_o spartan_n be_v use_v to_o set_v over_o their_o commonwealth_n who_o be_v bind_v by_o his_o place_n to_o be_v their_o general_n in_o time_n of_o war_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o this_o great_a leader_n of_o any_o province_n have_v the_o same_o name_n which_o their_o duke_n retain_v to_o this_o day_n each_o of_o they_o be_v even_o in_o those_o day_n call_v ein_fw-ge hertzog_n which_o as_o our_o word_n duke_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o captain_n or_o general_n of_o a_o army_n m._n luther_n make_v this_o title_n as_o ancient_a as_o will_v serve_v my_o purpose_n when_o he_o derive_v the_o word_n vercingentorix_n which_o be_v the_o name_n of_o a_o german_a prince_n encounter_v by_o julius_n cesar_n and_o florus_n fancy_v the_o repeat_n of_o it_o enough_o to_o frighten_v a_o army_n from_o hertzog_n hinric_n i._n e._n duke_n henry_n though_o the_o german_n religion_n religion_n before_o charles_n the_o great_a take_v care_n to_o have_v they_o convert_v to_o christianity_n be_v idolatrous_a heathen_n yet_o we_o do_v not_o read_v that_o they_o be_v guilty_a of_o such_o horrid_a impiety_n and_o profaneness_n as_o their_o neighbour_n they_o live_v up_o to_o the_o rule_n of_o morality_n as_o much_o as_o any_o nation_n that_o never_o hear_v of_o god_n and_o the_o true_a religion_n what_o a_o great_a respect_n they_o have_v for_o divine_a service_n as_o they_o ignorant_o call_v their_o idolatrous_a practice_n be_v manifest_a from_o their_o choose_n of_o priest_n out_o of_o their_o nobility_n who_o beside_o the_o knowledge_n 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i._n e._n only_o thus_o probable_o the_o latin_a word_n sol_n be_v only_o a_o corruption_n of_o solus_fw-la and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n both_o the_o roman_n and_o dutch_n together_o with_o all_o other_o nation_n who_o speak_v nothing_o but_o different_a dialect_n of_o the_o latin_a or_o german_a tongue_n dedicate_v the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o week_n to_o the_o sun_n another_o god_n they_o have_v to_o who_o they_o use_v to_o offer_v man_n flesh_n who_o be_v sometime_o call_v woden_n elsewhere_o godan_n by_o some_o codan_n by_o other_o dan_n whence_o probable_o the_o name_n of_o dane_n and_o danish_a as_o well_o as_o from_o teut_n teutisch_n and_o from_o god_n gottish_a from_o he_o we_o have_v our_o wednesday_n which_o the_o westphalian_o call_v godensdach_n or_o goensdach_n the_o netherlander_n write_v it_o woensdach_n the_o dane_n onsdag_n and_o the_o swede_n odensdagk_n but_o of_o this_o and_o their_o god_n teut_n we_o have_v speak_v before_o and_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o 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wartislaus_n the_o former_a seat_v himself_o in_o pomerellia_n and_o retain_v the_o language_n and_o manner_n of_o his_o countryman_n the_o slavonian_n the_o late_a be_v make_v lord_n of_o the_o low_a pomeren_n border_v upon_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n and_o short_o after_o conform_v himself_o to_o the_o law_n and_o language_n of_o the_o saxon_n his_o neighbour_n whereupon_o this_o part_n of_o his_o father_n territory_n begin_v to_o be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n and_o bugislaus_fw-la and_o casimir_n wartislaus_n son_n receive_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n from_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n barbarossa_n this_o dukedom_n be_v afterward_o in_o the_o year_n 1217_o part_v betwixt_o bugislaus_fw-la and_o otho_fw-la two_o brother_n from_o who_o spring_v the_o two_o house_n of_o wolgast_n and_o stetin_n which_o continue_v near_o two_o hundred_o year_n but_o the_o house_n of_o stetin_n fail_v a.d._n 1464_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o otho_n the_o three_o that_o part_n of_o the_o estate_n be_v confer_v upon_o frideric_n the_o second_o marquis_n and_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n the_o three_o this_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren-wolgast_a look_v upon_o as_o a_o notorious_a piece_n of_o injustice_n to_o their_o family_n and_o therefore_o be_v resolve_v to_o oppose_v with_o all_o imaginable_a vigour_n the_o elector_n pretension_n at_o last_o the_o quarrel_n be_v compose_v between_o the_o two_o house_n of_o pomeren_n and_o brandenburg_n upon_o these_o condition_n that_o both_o of_o they_o shall_v retain_v the_o arm_n and_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n but_o the_o possession_n and_o revenue_n of_o all_o territory_n comprise_v under_o that_o name_n shall_v be_v yield_v up_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o wolgast_n and_o that_o upon_o the_o fail_n of_o their_o issue_n male_a it_o shall_v descend_v upon_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o house_n of_o brandenburg_n according_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o bugislaus_fw-la the_o fourteen_o who_o die_v without_o issue_n in_o the_o year_n 1637_o the_o late_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n george-william_n put_v in_o his_o claim_n to_o the_o estate_n but_o the_o swede_n have_v under_o pretence_n of_o assist_a duke_n bugislaus_fw-la against_o the_o imperialist_n in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o all_o the_o strong_a place_n in_o the_o country_n can_v not_o be_v persuade_v to_o part_v with_o a_o maritime_a province_n which_o lie_v so_o convenient_a for_o they_o and_o therefore_o as_o conqueror_n use_v to_o prescribe_v law_n with_o far_o less_o regard_n to_o justice_n then_o their_o own_o interest_n they_o will_v not_o yield_v to_o the_o conclusion_n of_o any_o peace_n at_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n before_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o all_o the_o low_a pomeren_n with_o the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n and_o wollin_n and_o the_o town_n of_o stetin_n shall_v from_o thenceforward_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n and_o the_o upper_a pomeren_n only_o be_v enjoy_v by_o the_o house_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o that_o no_o long_o than_o the_o male_a issue_n of_o that_o family_n last_v upon_o the_o failure_n whereof_o it_o also_o be_v to_o be_v add_v to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n dominion_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n both_o prince_n be_v to_o enjoy_v the_o title_n and_o bear_v the_o arm_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n but_o because_o for_o the_o common_a peace_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o in_o compliance_n to_o the_o peremptory_a demand_n of_o the_o queen_n of_o sweden_n minister_n the_o elector_n have_v in_o this_o agreement_n quit_v the_o title_n to_o a_o good_a part_n of_o his_o inheritance_n it_o be_v further_o conclude_v that_o his_o loss_n shall_v be_v recompense_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o halberstadt_n and_o minden_n convert_v into_o temporal_a principality_n to_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n to_o which_o be_v also_o add_v the_o reversion_n of_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o magdeburg_n which_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o then_o incumbent_a administrator_n augustus_n duke_n of_o saxony_n be_v to_o descend_v upon_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n now_o although_o the_o elector_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v gain_v by_o this_o bargain_n since_o the_o low_a pomeren_n which_o he_o have_v quit_v to_o the_o swede_n will_v not_o doubtless_o yield_v so_o good_a a_o revenue_n as_o the_o principality_n of_o magdeburg_n halberstadt_n and_o minden_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o upon_o examination_n we_o shall_v find_v reason_n to_o believe_v that_o he_o have_v rather_o have_v the_o entire_a dukedom_n of_o pomeren_n restore_v than_o three_o more_o such_o inland_n province_n bestow_v on_o he_o since_o by_o this_o mean_v he_o will_v have_v the_o opportunity_n of_o make_v himself_o considerable_a at_o sea_n and_o be_v free_v from_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o have_v a_o potent_a neighbour_n who_o keep_v he_o in_o perpetual_a jealousy_n upon_o these_o consideration_n the_o state_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v think_v fit_a to_o make_v a_o further_a reparation_n of_o his_o damage_n by_o allow_v he_o voice_n in_o their_o assembly_n as_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n and_o magdeburg_n and_o as_o prince_n of_o halberstadt_n and_o minden_n and_o because_o former_o the_o archbishop_n of_o magdeburg_n and_o bremen_n take_v their_o turn_n in_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o low_a saxony_n they_o have_v agree_v that_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n shall_v alternate_a with_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n who_o enjoy_v the_o ancient_a archbishopric_n of_o bremen_n under_o the_o same_o title_n as_o the_o say_a duke_n do_v that_o of_o magdeburg_n in_o the_o same_o quality_n after_o the_o ratification_n of_o this_o treaty_n at_o munster_n the_o swede_n quiet_o enjoy_v the_o low_a pomeren_n according_a to_o the_o tenure_n of_o the_o article_n aforesaid_a until_o in_o these_o late_a war_n the_o unite_a force_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o brandenburger_n not_o without_o great_a difficulty_n and_o much_o bloodshed_n overpowred_n they_o and_o sieze_v on_o all_o the_o low_a pomeren_n together_o with_o the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n and_o the_o city_n of_o stetin_n but_o of_o this_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o say_v more_o in_o the_o follow_a description_n of_o particular_a city_n chief_a city_n in_o the_o upper_a pomeren_n i._o stetin_n stetin_n stetin_n this_o have_v ever_o be_v reckon_v the_o metropolis_n of_o all_o pomeren_n and_o stralsund_v only_o the_o chief_a town_n in_o the_o principality_n of_o rugen_n by_o who_o or_o when_o it_o be_v first_o build_v can_v easy_o be_v determine_v and_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o trouble_v the_o reader_n with_o the_o idle_a conjecture_n of_o illiterate_a historian_n who_o pretend_v to_o fetch_v its_o genealogy_n from_o a_o warlike_a nation_n who_o they_o call_v sidini_n that_o before_o the_o build_n of_o town_n or_o house_n come_v in_o fashion_n in_o these_o part_n of_o the_o world_n keep_v their_o usual_a rendezvous_n in_o the_o place_n where_o stetin_n now_o stand_v however_o it_o be_v more_o commendable_a for_o the_o improvement_n it_o have_v receive_v in_o the_o beauty_n of_o its_o building_n and_o number_n of_o inhabitant_n within_o the_o memory_n of_o its_o own_o record_n than_o any_o antiquity_n it_o can_v boast_v of_o although_o as_o we_o have_v say_v it_o be_v beyond_o the_o skill_n of_o the_o able_a antiquary_n to_o find_v out_o its_o original_n about_o four_o hundred_o year_n ago_o stetin_n be_v build_v of_o a_o quite_o different_a figure_n from_o what_o it_o have_v at_o this_o day_n the_o church_n of_o st._n peter_n which_o now_o stand_v without_o the_o wall_n be_v place_v in_o the_o very_a middle_n of_o the_o town_n the_o convenient_a and_o pleasant_a situation_n it_o now_o have_v on_o the_o rise_n of_o a_o small_a hill_n its_o regular_a fortification_n beauty_n and_o strength_n it_o owe_v to_o the_o saxon_n who_o by_o permission_n of_o some_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o stetin_n come_v hither_o to_o reform_v the_o barbarous_a manner_n and_o language_n of_o their_o then_o wendish_n subject_n by_o this_o mean_n trade_v be_v advance_v and_o the_o number_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n multiply_v so_o exceed_o that_o some_o writer_n who_o give_v we_o a_o description_n of_o this_o city_n in_o its_o modern_a condition_n represent_v it_o as_o a_o place_n where_o more_o people_n inhabit_v under_o ground_n then_o above_o it_o intimate_v that_o the_o town_n be_v so_o populous_a that_o a_o great_a number_n of_o its_o citizen_n be_v force_v to_o live_v in_o cellar_n and_o vault_n the_o castle_n former_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o stetin_n and_o now_o the_o usual_a residence_n of_o the_o swedish_n governor_n be_v a_o pile_n of_o building_n which_o excel_v perhaps_o any_o piece_n of_o architecture_n in_o these_o part_n of_o europe_n and_o may_v vy_z with_o most_o of_o its_o kind_n in_o
werdenhagen_n a_o author_n of_o good_a credit_n to_o who_o the_o world_n be_v indebt_v for_o the_o most_o accurate_a description_n of_o the_o hans-town_n hitherto_o publish_v tell_v we_o this_o small_a city_n have_v its_o name_n as_o well_o as_o bernau_n beerwald_n bernstein_n with_o some_o other_o place_n in_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n from_o its_o first_o founder_n marquis_n albert_n surname_v vrsus_fw-la or_o der_fw-mi beer_n it_o be_v seat_v on_o a_o pleasant_a plot_n of_o ground_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n spree_n which_o prickheimer_n dresser_n willichius_n maginus_fw-la bertius_fw-la with_o some_o other_o note_v geographer_n have_v mistake_v for_o ptolomy_n svevus_n whereas_o that_o great_a man_n make_v his_o svevus_n to_o empty_v itself_o into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o the_o spree_n join_v itself_o with_o the_o havel_n at_o spandau_n with_o which_o it_o be_v swallow_v up_o by_o the_o elb_n near_o werben_fw-ge which_o carry_v it_o into_o the_o german_a ocean_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n stand_v coln_n on_o the_o spree_n as_o it_o be_v name_v for_o distinction_n sake_n famous_a for_o the_o palace_n and_o usual_a residence_n of_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o castle_n here_o be_v build_v by_o marquis_n joachim_n the_o second_o but_o much_o enlarge_v and_o beautify_v by_o his_o successor_n thing_n most_o worth_a the_o see_v here_o be_v the_o armoury_n chamber_n of_o rarity_n gallery_n in_o some_o of_o which_o among_o multitude_n of_o other_o rare_a picture_n there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o piece_n of_o the_o famous_a luke_n kranach_n work_n garden_n waterwork_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o year_n 1628._o the_o citizen_n of_o berlin_n and_o coln_n be_v strange_o alarm_v with_o the_o sight_n of_o a_o apparition_n or_o spirit_n which_o many_o of_o they_o pretend_v to_o have_v see_v in_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o woman_n and_o to_o have_v hear_v it_o pronounce_v these_o word_n veni_fw-la judica_n vivos_fw-la &_o mortvos_fw-la now_o because_o the_o curious_a man_n about_o the_o court_n have_v observe_v the_o say_a year_n 1628._o mystical_o point_v at_o in_o the_o numeral_a letter_n of_o those_o word_n they_o present_o conclude_v that_o the_o day_n of_o judgement_n be_v not_o far_o off_o iii_o francfurt_n francfurt_n francfurt_n upon_o the_o other_o which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v build_v about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 146_o by_o sunno_n a_o prince_n of_o the_o frank_n who_o pursue_v the_o vandal_n to_o this_o place_n with_o a_o army_n of_o eighteen_o some_o say_v twenty-eight_a thousand_o of_o his_o countryman_n place_v here_o a_o colony_n of_o his_o soldier_n call_v the_o town_n he_o have_v build_v for_o they_o trajectum_n francorum_n or_o francfurt_n afterward_o in_o the_o year_n 1253_o john_n i_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n with_o his_o brother_n otho_n rebuilt_a the_o decay_a town_n and_o enlarge_v it_o above_o a_o three_o part_n in_o the_o year_n 1379_o marquis_n sigismond_n grant_v many_o and_o great_a privilege_n to_o the_o citizen_n upon_o their_o enter_v into_o the_o society_n of_o the_o hans-town_n last_o the_o university_n of_o francfurt_n be_v found_v by_o marquis_n joachim_n i._n and_o his_o brother_n albert_n afterward_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n and_o magdeburg_n in_o the_o year_n 1506_o at_o which_o time_n the_o school_n here_o be_v stock_v with_o professor_n from_o leipsic_n professor_n of_o best_a note_n in_o this_o university_n of_o late_a year_n and_o probable_o some_o of_o they_o may_v be_v still_o alive_a be_v raetius_n strickius_n becman_n and_o schultz_n who_o have_v please_v their_o countryman_n with_o the_o edition_n of_o some_o few_o disputation_n and_o small_a pamphlet_n of_o good_a credit_n the_o street_n be_v general_o large_a and_o well_o build_v the_o marketplace_n spacious_a and_o stately_a in_o which_o be_v yearly_o keep_v three_o great_a fair_n without_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o ancient_a carthusian_n monastery_n of_o which_o johannes_n ab_fw-la indagine_fw-la who_o as_o dresser_n report_v be_v author_n of_o above_o three_o hundred_o treatise_n upon_o different_a subject_n be_v sometime_o prior._n to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v some_o few_o more_o of_o less_o note_n as_o 1._o spandau_n a_o strong_a town_n on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o spree_n but_o mean_v and_o inconsiderable_a for_o its_o building_n 2._o oranienburg_n call_v former_o botzaw_v about_o sixteen_o or_o twenty_o english_a mile_n distant_a from_o berlin_n a_o village_n and_o palace_n that_o afford_v the_o great_a variety_n of_o pleasure_n of_o any_o in_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n dominion_n encompass_v on_o every_o side_n with_o most_o delicate_a and_o pleasant_a park_n and_o forest_n well_o stock_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o game_n bisental_a angermund_n liebenwald_n kremme_n nieustadt_n etc._n etc._n have_v nothing_o remarkable_a in_o they_o prenslow_n a_o town_n well_o furnish_v with_o fish_n from_o the_o adjoin_a vcker_n see_v strasburg_n and_o templin_n be_v three_o well_o fortify_v town_n and_o the_o only_a three_o worth_n the_o mention_v in_o the_o vcker-marck_n iii_o newmarck_n newmarck_n lie_v betwixt_o the_o river_n warta_n and_o pomeren_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o middle-marck_n by_o the_o other_o contain_v in_o circuit_n about_o a_o hundred_o english_a mile_n it_o belong_v ancient_o to_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 290_o sell_v it_o to_o otho_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n sigismond_n pawn_v it_o to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n but_o redeem_v it_o again_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v advance_v to_o the_o imperial_a throne_n the_o country_n be_v everywhere_o sufficient_o fruitful_a soil_n soil_n and_o abound_v with_o cornfield_n and_o pasture-ground_n more_o than_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o other_o the_o inhabitant_n plant_v vineyard_n which_o sometime_o though_o rare_o turn_v to_o good_a account_n in_o some_o place_n the_o boar_n find_v now_o and_o then_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o red_a coral_n and_o several_a sort_n of_o precious_a stone_n which_o as_o mr._n cambden_n speak_v of_o the_o like_a treasure_n in_o cumberland_n gemmarii_fw-la minimus_fw-la ab_fw-la egenis_fw-la emunt_fw-la &_o maximo_fw-la revendunt_fw-la the_o only_a town_n in_o the_o new-marck_n which_o merit_v a_o particular_a description_n in_o this_o place_n be_v custrin_n seat_v upon_o the_o oder_fw-ge and_o this_o too_o custrin_n custrin_n not_o many_o age_n ago_o be_v only_o a_o poor_a despicable_a village_n inhabit_v by_o a_o few_o beggarly_a fisherman_n until_o john_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n return_v from_o his_o follow_v the_o war_n under_o charles_n v._o fortify_v the_o place_n with_o rampire_n and_o bulwark_n of_o earth_n about_o the_o year_n 1537._o but_o find_v that_o whatever_o security_n he_o may_v promise_v himself_o from_o these_o fortress_n against_o the_o invasion_n of_o a_o foreign_a enemy_n such_o bank_n as_o he_o have_v cast_v up_o be_v easy_o wash_v away_o with_o a_o flood_n he_o soon_o after_o wall_v it_o round_o with_o stone_n and_o it_o be_v now_o become_v the_o key_n of_o the_o new-marck_n the_o invincible_a king_n of_o sweden_n gustavus_n adolphus_n be_v baffle_v at_o this_o town_n in_o the_o year_n 1631_o be_v force_v to_o raise_v his_o design_a siege_n and_o withdraw_v his_o army_n which_o before_o that_o time_n know_v not_o how_o to_o leave_v a_o town_n unplunder_v so_o that_o this_o city_n may_v possible_o deserve_v that_o high_a character_n which_o angelius_n a_o werdenhagen_n or_o his_o author_n have_v give_v of_o it_o in_o the_o three_o follow_a distich_n ipsa_fw-la licet_fw-la cunctas_fw-la adducat_fw-la thracia_n vires_fw-la germanis_fw-la certam_fw-la saepe_fw-la minata_fw-la necem_fw-la ipsa_fw-la licet_fw-la cunctas_fw-la ducat_n terra_fw-la itala_n vires_fw-la teutonibus_fw-la magnum_fw-la saepe_fw-la minata_fw-la malum_fw-la nec_fw-la tamen_fw-la humana_fw-la poteris_fw-la delery_a arte_fw-la nec_fw-la vi_fw-la nec_fw-la vigili_fw-la fraud_n dolove_n capi_fw-la the_o burgher_n have_v general_o neat_a and_o well_o furnish_v house_n and_o the_o marketplace_n excel_v any_o in_o the_o whole_a marquisate_n sternberg_n be_v memorable_a for_o nothing_o but_o its_o give_a name_n to_o a_o small_a territory_n adjoin_v and_o dam_n konigsberg_n morin_n banen_n soldin_n landsberg_n with_o some_o other_o may_v be_v reckon_v without_o any_o great_a injury_n do_v they_o among_o the_o village_n rather_o than_o city_n of_o the_o marquisate_n the_o place_n subject_a to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n in_o crossen_n and_o some_o other_o part_n of_o silesia_n and_o lusatia_n shall_v be_v describe_v hereafter_o when_o we_o come_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o country_n to_o which_o they_o more_o immediate_o belong_v the_o dukedom_n of_o magdeburg_n magdeburg_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o all_o historian_n to_o be_v a_o city_n of_o as_o great_a antiquity_n as_o most_o in_o germany_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d some_o be_v of_o
schweinfurt_n which_o some_o geographer_n bring_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o this_o principality_n schmalcad_n be_v once_o a_o part_n of_o this_o principality_n but_o be_v not_o esteem_v so_o now_o principatus_fw-la hennenbergensis_n comitatus_n wertheimici_n finitimarumqve_fw-la regionum_fw-la nova_fw-la et_fw-la exacta_fw-la descriptio_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a the_o city_n and_o county_n of_o wertheim_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o tauber_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o main_a be_v seat_v the_o city_n of_o wertheim_n in_o a_o fruitful_a soil_n and_o good_a air_n the_o citizen_n who_o chief_a trade_n be_v in_o make_v wine_n live_v former_o in_o good_a credit_n till_o upon_o some_o disagreement_n between_o they_o and_o their_o earl_n who_o endeavour_v to_o reestablish_v popery_n in_o the_o town_n they_o be_v bring_v to_o so_o great_a poverty_n and_o strait_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o religion_n that_o they_o have_v scarce_o be_v able_a to_o recruit_v themselves_o to_o this_o day_n however_o they_o still_o stick_v close_o to_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n and_o be_v zealous_a assertor_n of_o the_o honour_n of_o their_o saint_n luther_n the_o county_n of_o wertheim_n which_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o old_a francia_n orientalis_n as_o lie_v on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o river_n main_a be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o bishopric_n of_o wurtzburg_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o county_n of_o hohenloe_n and_o the_o palatinate_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o silua_fw-la ottonica_fw-la and_o on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o large_a forest_n of_o speshart_n this_o province_n afford_v much_o more_o plenty_n of_o corn_n than_o the_o territory_n about_o francfurt_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o way_n inferior_a to_o those_o for_o the_o goodness_n of_o its_o wine_n the_o inhabitant_n have_v here_o good_a store_n of_o meadow_n and_o pasture-ground_n for_o cattle_n which_o bring_v in_o yearly_a as_o great_a revenue_n as_o their_o best_a vineyard_n they_o have_v no_o want_n of_o wild_a fowl_n and_o be_v cloy_v with_o venison_n among_o the_o several_a village_n that_o have_v dependence_n upon_o the_o city_n of_o wertheim_n niclashausen_n niclashausen_n the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v niclashausen_n famous_a for_o the_o birth_n and_o education_n of_o one_o john_n behaim_n who_o be_v burn_v for_o a_o heretic_n at_o wurtzburg_n a._n d._n 1476._o the_o occasion_n whereof_o be_v this_o the_o poor_a boar_n be_v melancholy_a and_o crack-brained_a fancy_v daily_o that_o he_o see_v in_o his_o melancholy_n and_o dumpish_a fit_n strange_a and_o terrible_a apparition_n one_o time_n the_o virgin_n marry_o forsooth_o among_o his_o other_o spiritual_a guest_n give_v he_o a_o visit_n and_o grow_v so_o familiar_a as_o to_o communicate_v to_o he_o several_a deep_a intrigue_n and_o secret_n the_o choice_a whereof_o be_v that_o there_o lie_v no_o obligation_n at_o all_o upon_o the_o burgher_n of_o wertheim_n to_o show_v any_o manner_n of_o respect_n to_o their_o earl_n or_o inferior_a magistrate_n but_o that_o they_o be_v all_o as_o free_v and_o boundless_a as_o the_o river_n that_o water_v their_o country_n this_o be_v a_o plausible_a doctrine_n in_o the_o ear_n of_o the_o commonalty_n and_o need_v but_o little_a divine_a revelation_n to_o authorise_v it_o so_o that_o behaim_n have_v present_o more_o proselyte_n than_o all_o the_o preacher_n in_o the_o country_n and_o will_v in_o a_o short_a time_n have_v pervert_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o county_n have_v he_o not_o early_o be_v overpower_v and_o prevent_v by_o the_o bishop_n force_n erpach_n norimberg_n hanaw_n etc._n etc._n be_v purposely_o omit_v in_o this_o place_n though_o part_n of_o franconia_n as_o be_v reserve_v for_o the_o second_o volume_n of_o germany_n the_o county_n palatinate_n of_o the_o rhine_n die_v pfaltz_n which_o be_v the_o ordinary_a german_a word_n for_o this_o county_n signify_v 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ran_o e._n s._n e._n along_o the_o ice_n and_o seem_v only_o to_o be_v a_o small_a tide_n rise_v not_o above_o eight_o foot_n that_o whilst_o he_o be_v in_o that_o degree_n there_o be_v nothing_o but_o fog_n frost_n snow_n and_o all_o imaginable_a ill_a weather_n though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o heat_n seem_v to_o be_v as_o great_a as_o at_o any_o time_n in_o england_n that_o the_o land_n where_o not_o cover_v with_o snow_n be_v so_o boggy_a that_o they_o can_v not_o walk_v upon_o it_o be_v grow_v over_o with_o a_o deep_a moss_n under_o which_o they_o dig_v in_o less_o than_o two_o foot_n to_o a_o firm_a body_n of_o ice_n so_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o make_v any_o cave_n for_o their_o winter-lodging_n have_v they_o be_v force_v to_o it_o there_o be_v great_a store_n of_o rill_n of_o very_a good_a water_n and_o some_o vein_n of_o black_a marble_n the_o point_n he_o land_v at_o he_o call_v speedill_n point_n in_o 76_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n the_o sea-water_n be_v 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there_o no_o small_a fish_n as_o cod_n etc._n etc._n and_o few_o great_a one_o nor_o any_o bone_n of_o whale_n morss_n or_o the_o like_a find_v upon_o the_o shore_n nor_o any_o drift_n wood_n 3._o because_o in_o 65_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n the_o ice_n lie_v all_o in_o rand_n which_o he_o believe_v to_o be_v produce_v as_o in_o the_o shoal_v bay_n for_o have_v there_o be_v any_o ocean_n beyond_o it_o it_o will_v have_v be_v break_v to_o piece_n as_o they_o find_v it_o come_v through_o the_o straight_a into_o the_o sea_n eastward_o 4._o because_o the_o ice_n seek_v its_o way_n out_o to_o the_o eastward_o drive_v out_o at_o hudsons_n strait_n but_o if_o there_o be_v any_o passage_n it_o be_v very_o narrow_a and_o the_o voyoge_n very_o long_o nor_o can_v any_o large_a vessel_n fit_a to_o merchandise_n be_v able_a to_o endure_v the_o ice_n and_o other_o incommodity_n as_o the_o long_a night_n cold_a snow_n frost_n etc._n etc._n p._n 24._o col_fw-fr 2._o l._n 36._o till_o vasile_n ivanowitz_n about_o the_o year_n 1509._o p._n 36._o col_fw-fr 2._o l._n 63._o as_o 5509_o â—_o 1679._o ibid._n l._n 66_o 7188-5509_a p._n 36._o col_fw-fr 1._o l._n 41._o hungary_n about_o the_o year_n 1188_o bela_n be_v king_n of_o hungary_n perhaps_o the_o original_n of_o the_o imperial_a family_n of_o the_o russes_z the_o time_n correspond_v very_o well_o p._n 39_o col_fw-fr 2._o l._n 1._o del_o who_o name_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v zac._n litspenow_n l._n 67._o he_o die_v in_o the_o forty-ninth_a year_n of_o his_o age_n and_o two_o and_o thirty_o of_o his_o reign_n in_o the_o year_n 1677_o and_o leave_v his_o son_n feodor_n alexowich_n a_o young_a prince_n of_o about_o ninteen_o year_n of_o age_n who_o reign_v this_o present_a year_n 1680._o in_o the_o description_n of_o sweden_n the_o time_n of_o the_o king_n supply_v thus_o the_o 6_o begin_v his_o reign_n a._n m._n 2014_o the_o 25_o the_o time_n of_o the_o rest_n be_v uncertain_a begin_v a._n m._n 2637_o the_o 26_o a._n m._n 2712_o the_o 27_o a._n m._n 2831_o the_o 31th_o the_o intermediate_v be_v also_o uncertain_a a._n m._n 3031_o the_o 32th_o a._n m._n 3060_o the_o 33th_o a._n m._n 3125_o the_o 34th_o a._n m._n 3174_o the_o 35th_o 3252_o the_o 36th_o a._n m._n 3551_o the_o 46th_o a._n d._n 3916_o the_o 47th_o ericus_n iii_o a._n m._n 3929_o in_o who_o time_n according_a to_o loccenius_n who_o computation_n we_o have_v here_o follow_v conceive_v our_o saviour_n to_o have_v be_v bear_v a_o map_n of_o the_o north-pole_n and_o the_o part_n adion_v oxon_n at_o the_o theater_n mdclxxx_o nova_fw-la zembla_n in_o the_o philosophicll_n transaction_n of_o a_o o_o 1674_o n_o 101_o there_o be_v set_v down_o a_o description_n of_o a_o nova_n zembla_n as_o it_o be_v send_v to_o the_o royal_a society_n from_o a_o russia_n merchant_n and_o discover_v by_o order_n of_o the_o grand_a czaar_n but_o there_o be_v not_o join_v to_o it_o either_o longitude_n latitude_n or_o other_o measure_n we_o though_o it_o better_a to_o follow_v the_o two_o new_a map_n one_o print_v at_o amsterdam_n a_o o_o 1678_o the_o other_o at_o nuremberg_n 1679_o and_o to_o place_v this_o by_o itself_o which_o show_v it_o not_o a_o island_n but_o join_v with_o the_o continent_n at_o the_o letter_n k._n k._n to_o the_o right_a honorable_n charles_n fitz_n charles_n earl_n of_o plymouth_n viscount_n totnes_n and_o baron_n dartmouth_n this_o map_n be_v humble_o dedicate_v by_o m_o pitt_n letter_n c._n stand_v for_o cape_n 1._o island_n m._n mount_n p._n point_n r._n river_n s._n sound_v oxon_n …_o univ_n dominus_fw-la illuminatio_fw-la mea_fw-la greenland_n greenland_n greenland_n â—â—e_z siâ—â—ation_n of_o greenland_n call_v by_o the_o dutch_a spitsbergen_n because_o of_o its_o sharp-pointed_a rock_n and_o mountain_n lie_v from_o 76_o degree_n of_o northerly_a latitude_n to_o 82_o but_o how_o much_o far_o as_o also_o whether_o island_n or_o continent_n be_v not_o yet_o discover_v for_o as_o much_o as_o no_o man_n hitherto_o be_v know_v to_o have_v pass_v beyond_o that_o our_o mariner_n general_o conceive_v it_o a_o island_n the_o dutch_a only_o say_v that_o they_o believe_v the_o land_n to_o reach_v more_o north_n because_o the_o ice_n they_o find_v be_v not_o break_v and_o float_a as_o in_o the_o sea_n but_o firm_a and_o stable_a as_o continue_v to_o the_o shore_n the_o south_n part_n of_o it_o look_v towards_o the_o promontory_n of_o finland_n and_o lapland_n north-cape_n north-kin_n etc._n etc._n the_o next_o land_n on_o the_o west_n be_v the_o large_a country_n of_o groenland_n and_o nova_n zembla_n on_o the_o east_n but_o these_o at_o so_o vast_a a_o distance_n that_o they_o can_v be_v reckon_v as_o its_o confine_n or_o neighbour_n the_o dutch_a attribute_n the_o first_o discovery_n of_o it_o to_o three_o of_o their_o own_o pilot_n greenland_n the_o discovery_n of_o greenland_n and_o have_v give_v most_o of_o the_o name_n to_o the_o creek_n and_o promontory_n according_a to_o their_o own_o fancy_n which_o diligence_n 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these_o man_n effect_v will_v be_v best_a know_v by_o their_o own_o journal_n record_v by_o purchas_n june_n 7_o 1696_o they_o be_v in_o 74_o degree_n the_o water_n as_o green_a as_o grass_n by_o the_o way_n it_o be_v worth_a enquiry_n whether_o this_o be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o blue_a ice_n which_o be_v by_o every_o one_o note_v as_o peculiar_a to_o these_o coast_n june_n 9_o they_o be_v upon_o cherry_n or_o bear-island_n in_o 74_o degree_n and_o 13_o minute_n the_o variation_n of_o the_o needle_n be_v 13_o degree_n june_n 13_o they_o depart_v thence_o north_n and_o by_o east_n 16_o dutch_a mile_n june_n 14_o 15_o they_o continue_v their_o course_n 20_o mile_n june_n 16_o 17_o 18_o they_o continue_v 30_o mile_n june_n 19_o they_o see_v land_n at_o 80_o degree_n and_o 11_o minute_n and_o sail_v southward_o upon_o the_o western_a coast_n till_o 79_o deg_fw-la 30_o m._n where_o they_o find_v a_o good_a road_n but_o can_v not_o land_n because_o of_o ice_n june_n 20_o they_o 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whoever_o take_v use_v for_o money_n lose_v it_o and_o be_v punish_v beside_o though_o private_o at_o stockholme_n and_o place_n of_o trade_n use-money_n begin_v to_o be_v take_v if_o any_o person_n have_v scandalize_v his_o neighbour_n and_o be_v convict_v of_o it_o he_o be_v beside_o the_o fine_a force_v to_o recant_v and_o make_v a_o public_a confession_n of_o the_o injury_n in_o writing_n former_o for_o such_o offence_n the_o fine_a be_v nine_o mark_n call_v lopp-gold_n or_o lip-fine_a and_o the_o guilty_a person_n be_v force_v to_o beat_v their_o own_o mouth_n to_o crawl_v backward_o out_o of_o the_o court_n and_o be_v for_o ever_o render_v incapable_a of_o give_v evidence_n beside_o these_o and_o many_o such_o like_a law_n there_o be_v publish_v several_a belong_v to_o the_o goth_n which_o they_o use_v in_o other_o country_n as_o well_o as_o this_o be_v not_o more_o fit_a to_o be_v mention_v here_o then_o in_o any_o other_o place_n how_o powerful_a the_o king_n of_o sweden_n be_v in_o sea_n forces_n land_n forces_n as_o well_o as_o land_n force_n be_v sufficient_o manifest_v by_o their_o late_a as_o well_o as_o present_v war_n how_o far_o gustavus_n adolphus_n go_v in_o his_o expedition_n against_o germany_n be_v sufficient_o know_v to_o the_o world_n and_o how_o this_o present_a king_n have_v behave_v himself_o between_o two_o powerful_a enemy_n be_v no_o less_o manifest_a and_o such_o be_v the_o great_a strength_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o sometime_o it_o have_v maintain_v war_n with_o three_o potent_a adversary_n the_o dane_n the_o pole_n and_o the_o muscovite_n all_o at_o once_o the_o land-force_n be_v provide_v and_o keep_v in_o readiness_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o trained-band_n by_o the_o province_n of_o the_o kingdom_n thirty-two_a regiment_n in_o all_o seven_o hundred_o soldier_n in_o each_o regiment_n these_o be_v most_o of_o they_o musqueteer_n pikeman_n be_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o thick_a and_o frequent_a wood_n not_o so_o serviceable_a in_o this_o as_o other_z champain_n country_n the_o body_n of_o their_o army_n to_o their_o great_a advantage_n be_v in_o time_n of_o war_n compose_v of_o peasant_n such_o soldier_n as_o the_o ancient_a roman_n desire_v to_o have_v people_z laborious_a frugal_a hardy_a and_o be_v use_v at_o home_n to_o make_v all_o their_o clothes_n themselves_o prove_v when_o they_o come_v to_o field_n as_o many_o tailor_n shoemaker_n etc._n etc._n as_o soldier_n every_o company_n of_o foot_n have_v its_o particular_a captain_n lieutenant_z and_o ensign_n who_o have_v always_o but_o especial_o if_o the_o seat_n of_o war_n be_v within_o the_o kingdom_n very_o small_a pay_n the_o captain_n himself_o not_o have_v beside_o the_o abatement_n of_o all_o tax_n for_o himself_o and_o some_o of_o his_o relation_n above_o one_o coat_n a_o year_n and_o four_o dollar_n per_fw-la mensem_fw-la and_o a_o common_a soldier_n one_o dollar_n and_o a_o four_o part_n per_fw-la mensem_fw-la regiment_n of_o horse_n be_v in_o suecia_n and_o gothia_n twelve_o and_o in_o finland_n two_o one_o of_o which_o be_v make_v up_o by_o the_o commonalty_n the_o other_o by_o the_o nobility_n of_o that_o province_n each_o of_o these_o have_v its_o captain_n lieutenant_z and_o cornet_n and_o muchwhat_a the_o same_o discipline_n as_o in_o other_o country_n their_o horse_n be_v common_o lesser_a but_o strong_a and_o more_o accustom_a to_o labour_n than_o those_o of_o germany_n the_o horseman_n carry_v with_o they_o carbine_n or_o short_a gun_n the_o reason_n why_o finland_n maintain_v so_o few_o and_o suecia_n and_o gothia_n so_o many_o regiment_n be_v because_o the_o former_a be_v particular_o oblige_v to_o maintain_v the_o fleet_n and_o sea-soldier_n and_o the_o latter_a abound_v more_o with_o horse_n and_o man_n the_o province_n of_o dalecarlia_n be_v say_v at_o one_o time_n to_o have_v raise_v thirty-thousand_a man_n well_o arm_v of_o these_o land-force_n there_o be_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n a_o general_a muster_n once_o every_o year_n at_o least_o all_o the_o courtier_n some_o few_o only_o except_v be_v allow_v pay_v and_o bind_v to_o accompany_v the_o king_n to_o the_o place_n of_o rendezvous_n next_o be_v the_o sea-force_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d no_o less_o considerable_a than_o those_o of_o the_o land_n the_o king_n have_v common_o in_o readiness_n above_o 50_o man_n of_o war_n many_o of_o they_o carry_v 50_o gun_n all_o under_o the_o command_n of_o one_o high_a admiral_n in_o a_o war_n against_o denmark_n king_n john_n the_o three_o fit_v out_o seventy_o man_n of_o war_n with_o several_a merchant_n ship_n in_o which_o beside_o the_o seaman_n be_v embark_v 18000_o land-souldier_n the_o chief_a port_n in_o the_o kingdom_n be_v stockholme_n where_o lie_v at_o anchor_n sometime_o above_o 300_o ship_n in_o finland_n livonia_n and_o other_o part_n there_o be_v very_o convenient_a harbour_n though_o not_o so_o well_o store_v with_o ship_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o muscovite_n the_o great_a enemy_n on_o that_o side_n maintain_v no_o sea-force_n the_o king_n revenue_n by_o which_o these_o be_v maintain_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d consist_v chief_o in_o the_o crown-land_n as_o chase_n forest_n etc._n etc._n which_o the_o king_n as_o be_v say_v take_v a_o oath_n not_o to_o embezil_v but_o these_o be_v former_o by_o the_o civil_a trouble_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o great_a part_n alienate_v from_o the_o crown_n and_o of_o late_a since_o the_o title_n of_o earl_n and_o baron_n be_v renew_v among_o they_o very_o much_o impair_v it_o be_v the_o custom_n that_o when_o the_o king_n honour_v any_o person_n with_o either_o of_o those_o title_n he_o with_o it_o give_v he_o a_o piece_n of_o land_n which_o have_v former_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n other_o way_n be_v seek_v out_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o their_o court_n and_o army_n which_o be_v 1._o from_o these_o crown-land_n or_o king_n patrimony_n daily_o regain_v for_o which_o a_o college_n of_o reduction_n be_v of_o late_o institute_v 2._o from_o the_o mine_n of_o copper_n silver_n lead_v etc._n etc._n 3._o from_o the_o sea-custom_n 4._o from_o the_o imposition_n upon_o ox_n transport_v out_o of_o schonen_fw-mi finland_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v about_o the_o value_n of_o 5_o s._n english_a by_o the_o head_n amount_v to_o a_o great_a sum_n especial_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n 5._o from_o the_o several_a company_n of_o merchant_n of_o which_o there_o be_v but_o one_o for_o exportation_n viz._n the_o tar-company_n though_o there_o be_v divers_a for_o importation_n as_o the_o tobacco-company_n the_o sugar-company_n etc._n etc._n who_o each_o pay_n yearly_o considerable_a sum_n to_o the_o crown_n 6._o from_o impost_n on_o the_o exportation_n of_o gun_n 7._o from_o the_o mulct_n pay_v by_o those_o that_o be_v cast_v in_o law_n a_o three_o part_n of_o which_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o king_n 8._o from_o all_o money_n which_o the_o king_n pay_v out_o from_o which_o he_o deduct_n to_o the_o value_n of_o one_o per_fw-la cent._n beside_o these_o there_o be_v many_o other_o way_n whereby_o the_o king_n raise_v money_n as_o the_o frank-subsidy_n or_o quitrent_n the_o revenue_n from_o all_o sort_n of_o skin_n and_o fur_n bring_v out_o of_o lapland_n etc._n etc._n which_o not_o be_v constant_a and_o certain_a but_o more_o or_o less_o according_a as_o the_o snow_n fall_v or_o the_o frost_n continue_v i_o omit_v to_o mention_v when_o his_o majesty_n of_o sweden_n be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n he_o can_v and_o ordinary_o do_v make_v use_n of_o these_o extraordinary_a mean_n as_o 1._o all_o person_n whatsoever_o none_o except_v who_o receive_v salary_n or_o pension_n from_o the_o crown_n in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n abate_v one_o half_a and_o sometime_o the_o whole_a as_o it_o be_v say_v they_o do_v in_o these_o late_a war_n 2._o the_o gentry_n of_o sweden_n finland_n etc._n etc._n pay_v a_o contribution_n of_o about_o sixteen_o penny_n english_a a_o man_n which_o be_v call_v the_o six-mark_a contribution_n 3._o all_o town_n pay_v a_o contribution_n according_a to_o their_o incomes_a some_o more_o some_o less_o 4._o every_o town_n which_o be_v oblige_v to_o have_v constant_o in_o readiness_n a_o certain_a company_n of_o seaman_n who_o the_o king_n send_v for_o upon_o occasion_n to_o serve_v in_o the_o fleet_n be_v bind_v in_o time_n of_o war_n to_o double_a the_o number_n 5._o when_o any_o army_n be_v transport_v over_o the_o baltic_a it_o go_v either_o to_o pomeren_n or_o bremen_n which_o province_n pay_v so_o much_o a_o month_n in_o money_n or_o provision_n towards_o its_o support_n 6._o the_o gentry_n of_o liffland_n and_o the_o neighbour_a province_n contribute_v so_o many_o thousand_o measure_n of_o corn_n for_o the_o supply_n of_o their_o magazine_n 7._o every_o peasant_n plough_v so_o much_o ground_n a_o year_n must_v give_v one_o shirt_n one_o lambskin_n coat_n one_o pair_n of_o
mitten_n one_o pair_n of_o woollen_a stocking_n and_o one_o pair_n of_o shoe_n towards_o the_o maintenance_n of_o soldier_n by_o these_o and_o suchlike_a mean_n great_a addition_n be_v make_v to_o the_o king_n exchequer_n the_o ordinary_a income_n of_o which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o year_n 1578_o six_o or_o seven_o tun_n of_o gold_n of_o 100000_o dollar_n apiece_o all_o charge_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v first_o deduct_v though_o in_o that_o year_n as_o also_o in_o several_a follow_v there_o be_v spend_v in_o maintain_v wiburg_n and_o revalia_n city_n upon_o the_o border_n of_o muscovy_n 100000_o dollar_n extraordinary_a the_o sueci_n or_o swede_n by_o some_o writer_n mistake_v for_o the_o suevi_n or_o schwab_v a_o people_n of_o germany_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d seem_v to_o be_v the_o same_o nation_n with_o the_o sueones_n or_o suiones_n of_o tacitus_n by_o that_o description_n of_o they_o which_o he_o set_v down_o a_o ancient_a and_o warlike_a people_n unite_v under_o distinct_a law_n if_o swedish_n author_n may_v in_o this_o case_n be_v credit_v not_o many_o year_n after_o the_o flood_n by_o one_o suenno_n or_o sueno_n elder_a son_n to_o magog_n and_o great_a grandchild_n to_o noah_n and_o from_o he_o call_v suenons_a or_o sueon_n though_o other_o will_v have_v they_o so_o name_v from_o suedia_n or_o suidia_fw-la i.e._n to_o burn_v wood_n or_o forest_n that_o be_v cut_v down_o they_o be_v force_v at_o their_o first_o arrival_n into_o this_o country_n to_o fell_a and_o burn_v the_o wood_n in_o order_n to_o tillage_n but_o these_o opinion_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o grotius_n who_o derive_v their_o name_n from_o the_o swedish_n and_o english_a word_n swet_n because_o the_o swede_n be_v always_o a_o laborious_a people_n be_v conjecture_n scarce_o worth_a name_n that_o this_o nation_n be_v not_o only_o before_o but_o the_o parent_n of_o the_o gothi_n or_o getae_n be_v assert_v by_o many_o author_n and_o say_v loccenius_n apparent_a from_o several_a runick_a monument_n and_o ancient_a swedish_n law_n which_o testify_v that_o thence_o proceed_v the_o gothish_a people_n diffuse_v themselves_o into_o other_o country_n as_o thrace_n spain_n italy_n etc._n etc._n one_o of_o these_o law_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v make_v about_o the_o time_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a for_o call_v they_o back_o into_o their_o own_o country_n scandia_n every_o one_o be_v command_v present_o to_o return_v or_o forfeit_v all_o title_n to_o any_o inheritance_n there_o which_o they_o or_o their_o ancestor_n have_v former_o possess_v that_o they_o be_v not_o so_o well_o know_v to_o the_o world_n as_o these_o goth_n or_o getes_n which_o we_o take_v to_o be_v the_o same_o people_n be_v on_o the_o contrary_a altogether_o as_o certain_a but_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o may_v be_v that_o there_o be_v several_a emigration_n of_o the_o latter_a when_o the_o former_a remain_v in_o their_o own_o country_n either_o not_o know_v by_o stranger_n as_o a_o distinct_a people_n from_o the_o goth_n or_o pass_v under_o the_o same_o name_n with_o they_o the_o norwegian_a chronicle_n reckon_v five_o and_o twenty_o king_n of_o sweden_n before_o haldanus_n hwithen_n the_o first_o founder_n of_o their_o kingdom_n which_o be_v afterward_o by_o harald_n harfagher_n the_o three_o king_n from_o he_o very_o much_o enlarge_v and_o make_v a_o absolute_a monarchy_n that_o out_o of_o this_o country_n a_o vast_a number_n of_o man_n go_v to_o people_n schonen_fw-mi and_o the_o cimbrick_n island_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o ericus_n the_o first_o swedish_n king_n according_a to_o loccenius_n his_o account_n be_v attest_v by_o johannes_n magnus_n and_o other_o author_n and_o about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 870_o one_o otherus_n in_o his_o account_n of_o the_o northern_a region_n which_o he_o make_v to_o king_n aelfred_n make_v mention_n of_o swedland_n or_o the_o land_n of_o the_o swede_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o gotland_n and_o jutland_n give_v they_o muchwhat_a the_o same_o limit_n they_o have_v at_o present_a and_o in_o all_o age_n so_o famous_a have_v be_v the_o warlike_a exploit_n and_o victorious_a arm_n of_o this_o nation_n that_o one_o nicolaus_n ragvaldi_n archbishop_n of_o vpsal_n make_v a_o oration_n extant_a in_o johannes_n magnus_fw-la in_o the_o council_n of_o basil_n a._n d._n 1440_o concern_v the_o noble_a achievement_n of_o the_o sweo-gothish_a people_n prevail_v so_o far_o with_o the_o holy_a father_n there_o present_a that_o it_o be_v move_v in_o council_n that_o the_o king_n of_o swedland_n shall_v have_v precedency_n of_o all_o other_o christian_a king_n the_o man_n of_o sweden_n as_o to_o their_o person_n be_v general_o of_o a_o proper_a and_o big_a body_n manner_n their_o manner_n a_o comely_a presence_n and_o gentile_a carriage_n in_o their_o young_a year_n breed_v up_o to_o learning_n travel_a and_o especial_o language_n of_o which_o it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o a_o swedish_n gentleman_n to_o be_v able_a to_o speak_v five_o or_o six_o in_o perfection_n and_o in_o their_o ripe_a accustom_v to_o affair_n of_o state_n and_o war._n honest_a free_a and_o plain-dealer_n they_o be_v note_v for_o insomuch_o that_o the_o granary_n in_o the_o whole_a country_n have_v ancient_o neither_o lock_n nor_o key_n but_o only_o a_o hatch_n judge_v sufficient_a security_n among_o honest_a and_o trusty_a neighbour_n and_o to_o steal_v corn_n out_o of_o the_o common_a field_n be_v a_o crime_n so_o horrid_a that_o it_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n the_o woman_n be_v also_o of_o a_o tall_a stature_n and_o very_o personable_a general_o chaste_a adultery_n which_o be_v severe_o prohibit_v by_o their_o law_n be_v seldom_o commit_v by_o they_o modest_a virtuous_a and_o endow_v with_o those_o quality_n which_o be_v common_o the_o consequent_n of_o wholesome_a law_n and_o government_n they_o the_o citizens_z especial_o love_v to_o go_v neat_a and_o provide_v themselves_o general_o with_o good_a clothes_n and_o fair_a house_n count_v that_o 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religion_n frugal_a and_o laborious_a they_o be_v enure_v as_o well_o by_o their_o exercise_n as_o the_o clime_n of_o their_o country_n to_o all_o extremity_n of_o hardship_n it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o a_o common_a soldier_n to_o watch_v upon_o the_o guard_n at_o stockholme_n a_o whole_a winter-night_n full_a eighteen_o hour_n long_o without_o be_v relieve_v to_o be_v a_o gentleman_n and_o well_o descend_v be_v high_o esteem_v among_o they_o though_o frequent_o their_o title_n of_o honour_n outswell_v their_o estate_n for_o when_o any_o one_o of_o a_o competent_a estate_n die_v one_o half_a of_o it_o be_v allow_v to_o the_o survive_a widow_n and_o the_o other_o half_o divide_v among_o the_o child_n the_o son_n have_v two_o part_n and_o a_o daughter_n the_o three_o the_o widow_n part_n upon_o her_o decease_n be_v share_v among_o they_o after_o the_o same_o proportion_n so_o that_o one_o great_a estate_n be_v cut_v out_o into_o many_o little_a parcel_n by_o many_o child_n which_o be_v again_o subdivide_v by_o these_o child_n child_n the_o family_n be_v common_o reduce_v to_o a_o low_a condition_n all_o inherit_v equal_o the_o title_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o nobility_n the_o hospitality_n of_o this_o nation_n be_v among_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o good_a quality_n hospitality_n their_o hospitality_n the_o most_o remarkable_a they_o ancient_o use_v to_o entertain_v those_o that_o be_v stranger_n with_o the_o like_a civility_n as_o they_o will_v treat_v their_o friend_n afford_v they_o victual_n and_o what_o necessary_n they_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o gratis_o and_o furnish_v they_o with_o horse_n to_o the_o place_n whither_o they_o intend_v to_o go_v the_o contrary_a to_o this_o viz._n churlishness_n and_o inhospitality_n be_v think_v so_o great_a a_o crime_n and_o so_o unworthy_a the_o genius_n of_o any_o swedish_n inhabitant_n that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n the_o second_o who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v reign_v sometime_o before_o