Selected quad for the lemma: ground_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
ground_n	earth_n	place_n	water_n	1,539	5	6.1966	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A54729	The first book of architecture, by Andrea Palladio. Translated out of Italian: with an appendix touching doors and windows, by Dr Le Muet architect to the French King: translated out of French by G.R. Also rules and demonstrations, with several designs for the framing of any manner of roofs either above pitch or under pitch, whether square or bevel, never published before. With designes of floors of variety of small pieces of wood, lately made in the pallace of the Queen Mother, at Sommerset-House; a curiosity never practiced in England before; Quattro libri dell'architettura. English	Palladio, Andrea, 1508-1580.; Le Muet, Pierre, 1591-1669. Divers traictez d'architecture pour l'art de bien bastir. aut; Richards, Godfrey.	1668 (1668)	Wing P205; ESTC R220416	50,205	249

of_o order_n and_o the_o clasp_n or_o hook_n place_v to_o hold_v two_o stone_n together_o and_o they_o use_v these_o nail_n and_o clasp_n because_o that_o building_n which_o can_v possible_o be_v make_v without_o many_o piece_n of_o stone_n may_v by_o be_v thus_o join_v and_o bind_v together_o as_o it_o be_v become_v one_o stone_n and_o so_o more_o strong_a and_o durable_a they_o also_o make_v nail_n and_o clasp_n of_o iron_n but_o more_o often_o of_o copper_n because_o they_o will_v last_v long_o not_o be_v so_o subject_a to_o rust_v also_o they_o make_v letter_n for_o inscription_n which_o they_o place_v on_o the_o border_n of_o building_n and_o we_o read_v that_o of_o this_o metal_n be_v the_o hundred_o famous_a gate_n of_o babylon_n and_o in_o the_o isle_n of_o cade_n the_o two_o pillar_n of_o hercules_n eight_o cubit_n high_a that_o be_v esteem_v the_o best_a which_o burn_v and_o extract_v from_o mineral_n by_o fire_n be_v red_a incline_v to_o yellow_a of_o a_o good_a grain_n and_o full_a of_o hole_n for_o that_o be_v a_o sign_n it_o be_v well_o purge_v and_o free_a from_o dross_n copper_n may_v be_v heat_v like_o iron_n and_o make_v liquid_a so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v cast_v but_o in_o extreme_a hot_a furnace_n it_o will_v not_o endure_v the_o force_n of_o the_o flame_n but_o total_o consume_v although_o it_o be_v hard_a nevertheless_o it_o submit_v to_o the_o hammer_n and_o dilate_v itself_o into_o thin_a leave_n it_o be_v best_o preserve_v by_o tar_n and_o although_o it_o do_v not_o rust_n like_o iron_n yet_o it_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o rust_n which_o be_v call_v verdegreece_n especial_o if_o it_o touch_v sharp_a and_o liquid_a thing_n of_o this_o metal_n mix_v with_o tin_n or_o lead_v or_o latin_n which_o be_v also_o copper_n and_o colour_v with_o lapis_n calaminaris_n be_v make_v a_o metal_n common_o call_v brass_n which_o oftentimes_o architect_n do_v use_v as_o in_o base_n pillar_n capitel_n statue_n and_o such_o like_a in_o rome_n be_v four_o column_n of_o brass_n at_o st._n giovanni_n lateranno_n of_o which_o one_o only_a have_v its_o capitel_a and_o be_v make_v by_o augustus_n of_o metal_n which_o be_v take_v from_o the_o stem_n of_o ship_n which_o he_o take_v in_o egypt_n from_o m._n antonio_n there_o remain_v also_o in_o rome_n to_o this_o day_n four_o ancient_a gate_n which_o be_v those_o of_o the_o rotunda_n which_o former_o be_v the_o pantheon_n that_o of_o st._n adriano_n which_o be_v the_o temple_n of_o saturnus_n that_o of_o st._n cosmo_n and_o damiano_n which_o be_v the_o temple_n of_o castor_n and_o pollux_n or_o rather_o of_o romulus_n and_o remus_n and_o that_o which_o be_v in_o st._n agnes_n without_o the_o gate_n viminalis_fw-la but_o the_o most_o beautiful_a of_o all_o these_o be_v that_o of_o st._n maria_n rotunda_n wherein_o those_o ancient_n do_v endeavour_v to_o imitate_v by_o art_n that_o kind_n of_o corinthian_a metal_n in_o which_o the_o natural_a yellow_a of_o gold_n prevail_v for_o we_o read_v that_o when_o corinth_n be_v destroy_v and_o burn_v which_o now_o be_v call_v coranto_n thus_o they_o melt_v and_o mix_v in_o one_o mass_n gold_n silver_n and_o copper_n and_o fortune_n temper_v and_o make_v the_o mixture_n of_o three_o sort_n which_o afterward_o be_v call_v corinthian_n in_o one_o of_o they_o the_o silver_n prevail_v whence_o it_o remain_v white_a and_o very_o near_o it_o in_o lustre_n in_o another_o the_o gold_n prevail_v and_o remain_v yellow_a and_o of_o a_o gold_n colour_n and_o the_o three_o be_v where_o all_o these_o three_o metal_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a temperament_n and_o these_o species_n have_v be_v since_o divers_a way_n imitate_v hitherto_o i_o have_v discourse_v of_o those_o thing_n seem_v most_o necessary_a to_o be_v consider_v and_o prepare_v before_o building_n it_o now_o remain_v that_o something_o be_v say_v of_o foundation_n the_o material_n whereof_o be_v prepare_v the_o work_n may_v be_v proceed_v on_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o quality_n of_o ground_n wherein_o foundation_n be_v to_o be_v lay_v the_o base_a of_o the_o building_n be_v that_o which_o we_o call_v the_o foundation_n which_o be_v to_o say_v the_o part_n which_o be_v under_o ground_n uphold_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o building_n that_o be_v above_o ground_n therefore_o of_o all_o the_o error_n which_o do_v happen_v in_o building_n those_o be_v the_o most_o pernicious_a which_o be_v commit_v in_o the_o foundation_n because_o they_o bring_v with_o they_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o whole_a fabric_n nor_o can_v without_o great_a difficulty_n be_v amend_v whence_o the_o architect_n ought_v to_o use_v their_o utmost_a diligence_n because_o in_o some_o place_n they_o have_v a_o natural_a foundation_n and_o in_o other_o place_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o use_v art_n a_o natural_a foundation_n be_v when_o we_o build_v on_o stone_n a_o soft_a sandy_a or_o moldr_a stone_n or_o gravel_n for_o these_o without_o dig_v or_o other_o help_n of_o art_n be_v of_o themselves_o excellent_a foundation_n and_o most_o fit_a to_o uphold_v the_o great_a building_n both_o on_o land_n and_o in_o water_n but_o if_o nature_n afford_v not_o a_o foundation_n it_o must_v be_v attempt_v by_o art_n and_o then_o the_o place_n you_o have_v to_o build_v on_o be_v either_o a_o solid_a earth_n or_o a_o gravelly_a sandy_a mossy_a soft_a and_o moorish_a place_n if_o the_o earth_n be_v fast_o and_o firm_a you_o may_v dig_v so_o far_o as_o to_o a_o discreet_a architect_n may_v seem_v requisite_a for_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o building_n and_o soundness_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o when_o you_o intend_v not_o to_o make_v cellar_n or_o other_o underground_o office_n your_o depth_n be_v to_o be_v a_o six_o part_n of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o build_n to_o know_v this_o firmness_n observation_n from_o the_o dig_v of_o well_n cistern_n and_o such_o like_a will_v help_v well_o and_o it_o be_v also_o know_v by_o herb_n grow_v there_o if_o they_o usual_o spring_v up_o only_o in_o firm_a and_o fast_o ground_n and_o beside_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o firm_a ground_n if_o a_o great_a weight_n throw_v thereon_o it_o neither_o sound_v nor_o shake_v and_o from_o the_o report_n of_o drum_n be_v set_v on_o the_o ground_n and_o light_o touch_v it_o do_v not_o resound_v again_o and_o if_o water_n put_v in_o a_o vessel_n do_v not_o shake_v the_o neighbour_a place_n will_v also_o give_v you_o to_o understand_v the_o fastness_n and_o firmness_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o if_o the_o place_n be_v sandy_a or_o gravelly_a observe_v whether_o it_o be_v on_o land_n or_o in_o water_n for_o if_o it_o be_v on_o land_n you_o must_v take_v notice_n what_o have_v be_v before_o direct_v concern_v fast_o ground_n and_o if_o you_o build_v in_o a_o river_n the_o sand_n and_o gravel_n be_v altogether_o useless_a because_o the_o water_n with_o its_o continual_a stream_n and_o flood_n often_o change_v its_o bed_n therefore_o dig_v till_o you_o come_v to_o a_o bottom_n sound_n and_o firm_a or_o if_o that_o be_v difficult_a dig_v somewhat_o in_o the_o sand_n and_o gravel_n and_o then_o place_n pile_n who_o end_n may_v reach_v to_o the_o sound_n and_o good_a earth_n and_o upon_o those_o you_o be_v to_o build_v but_o if_o you_o be_v to_o build_v upon_o a_o mossy_a and_o loose_a ground_n than_o you_o must_v dig_v till_o you_o find_v sound_a earth_n and_o therein_o also_o so_o much_o as_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o building_n require_v this_o sound_a ground_n and_o fit_a to_o uphold_v building_n be_v of_o divers_a sort_n for_o as_o alberti_n well_o say_v somewhere_o so_o hard_o as_o it_o be_v scarce_a to_o be_v cut_v with_o iron_n somewhere_o very_o stiff_o somewhere_o blackish_a somewhere_o whitish_a which_o be_v account_v the_o weak_a somewhere_o like_o chalk_n somewhere_o sandy_a of_o all_o these_o the_o best_a be_v that_o which_o be_v cut_v with_o most_o labour_n and_o when_o wet_a do_v not_o dissolve_v into_o dirt_n you_o shall_v not_o build_v upon_o a_o ruin_n or_o old_a foundation_n if_o first_o of_o all_o you_o know_v not_o its_o depth_n and_o whether_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o bear_v the_o build_n but_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v soft_a and_o sink_v much_o as_o in_o moorish_a ground_n than_o you_o must_v place_v pile_n who_o length_n must_v be_v a_o eight_o part_n of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o in_o thickness_n a_o twelve_o part_n of_o their_o length_n the_o pile_n must_v be_v place_v as_o close_o as_o one_o can_v stand_v by_o the_o other_o and_o be_v to_o be_v ram_v in_o with_o blow_n rather_o quick_a then_o heavy_a so_o that_o the_o earth_n may_v the_o better_a consolidate_n and_o fasten_v you_o must_v place_v the_o pile_n not_o only_o under_o the_o out-wall_n upon_o the_o trench_n or_o guttur_n

but_o also_o under_o the_o inner-wall_n which_o divide_v the_o build_n for_o if_o you_o make_v the_o foundation_n for_o the_o inner-wall_n different_a from_o those_o without_o then_o lay_v beam_n along_o one_o by_o the_o other_o and_o other_o athwart_o they_o above_o oftentimes_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o inner-wall_n fall_v down_o when_o those_o without_o be_v place_v on_o pile_n stir_v not_o whence_o all_o wall_n come_v to_o cleave_v the_o which_o render_v the_o build_n ruinous_a and_o be_v very_o uncomely_a to_o look_v on_o wherefore_o you_o must_v avoid_v this_o danger_n make_v the_o pile_v work_n of_o less_o charge_n for_o according_a to_o proportion_n of_o wall_n the_o pile_n in_o the_o middle_n may_v be_v place_v thin_a than_o they_o without_o chap._n viii_o of_o foundation_n foundation_n ought_v to_o be_v twice_o so_o thick_a as_o the_o wall_n to_o be_v raise_v thereon_o and_o therein_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o building_n be_v to_o be_v regard_v make_v they_o more_o large_a in_o soft_a and_o loose_a ground_n and_o where_o there_o be_v a_o great_a weight_n to_o be_v sustain_v the_o plain_a of_o the_o trench_n must_v be_v level_n so_o that_o the_o weight_n may_v press_v equal_o and_o not_o incline_v to_o one_o part_n more_o than_o another_o may_v prevent_v the_o cleave_a of_o the_o wall_n for_o this_o reason_n the_o ancient_n use_v to_o pave_v the_o plain_a with_o tivertine_n tivoli_n tivertine_n a_o certain_a stone_n bring_v from_o tivoli_n and_o we_o lay_v plank_n and_o beam_n and_o build_v thereon_o foundation_n be_v make_v slope_v that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o diminish_v as_o they_o rise_v yet_o so_o as_o that_o there_o may_v be_v so_o much_o leave_v on_o one_o side_n as_o on_o the_o other_o so_o that_o the_o middle_n of_o that_o above_o may_v fall_v perpendicular_o upon_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o low_a work_n which_o must_v be_v also_o observe_v in_o the_o diminution_n of_o wall_n above_o ground_n because_o by_o this_o mean_n the_o building_n become_v much_o strong_a then_o by_o make_v the_o diminution_n any_o other_o way_n there_o be_v sometime_o make_v especial_o in_o moorish_a ground_n where_o there_o be_v need_n of_o pile_n to_o avoid_v charge_n foundation_n discontinue_v but_o with_o certain_a vault_n upon_o which_o they_o afterward_o build_v in_o great_a building_n it_o be_v very_o commendable_a to_o make_v vent_n through_o the_o body_n of_o the_o wall_n from_o the_o foundation_n to_o the_o roof_n because_o they_o let_v forth_o the_o wind_n which_o be_v very_o prejudicial_a to_o building_n lessen_v the_o charge_n and_o be_v of_o no_o small_a convenience_n if_o in_o they_o you_o make_v wind_a stair_n from_o the_o bottom_n to_o the_o top_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o fashion_n of_o wall_n the_o foundation_n be_v lay_v it_o remain_v that_o we_o treat_v of_o the_o superstructure_n the_o ancient_n have_v six_o sort_n of_o wall_n one_o call_v reticolata_n or_o network_n another_o of_o quadrell_n or_o brick_n a_o three_o of_o cement_n which_o be_v of_o rough_a stone_n from_o the_o hill_n or_o river_n a_o four_o of_o various_a stone_n a_o five_o of_o square_a stone_n the_o six_o riempiuta_n which_o be_v also_o call_v coffer-work_n of_o the_o network_n there_o be_v no_o use_n at_o all_o in_o these_o day_n but_o because_o vitruvius_n relate_v it_o be_v common_a in_o his_o time_n i_o do_v here_o put_v also_o that_o design_n they_o make_v the_o coignes_n and_o corner_n of_o their_o build_n of_o quadrell_n and_o every_o two_o foot_n and_o half_o take_v up_o three_o course_n of_o quadrell_n which_o bind_v the_o whole_a thickness_n of_o the_o wall_n a._n coignes_n or_o corner_n of_o quadrell_n b._n course_n of_o quadrell_n which_o bound_v the_o whole_a wall_n c._n the_o network_n d._n the_o course_n of_o quadrell_n through_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o wall_n e._n the_o inner_a part_n of_o the_o wall_n make_v of_o cement_n wall_n of_o brick_n or_o quadrell_n both_o those_o about_o city_n and_o other_o great_a edifice_n must_v be_v so_o make_v that_o the_o inside_n and_o outside_n may_v be_v of_o quadrell_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n fill_v up_o with_o cement_n and_o with_o brick_n earth_n and_o stone_n ram_v together_o and_o to_o every_o three_o foot_n in_o height_n there_o must_v be_v three_o course_n of_o quadrell_n of_o the_o big_a sort_n which_o may_v take_v the_o whole_a breadth_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o the_o first_o course_n must_v be_v lay_v with_o the_o length_n inward_a that_o the_o lesser_a part_n of_o the_o brick_n be_v expose_v the_o second_o the_o length_n lay_v sideways_o and_o the_o three_o as_o the_o first_o of_o this_o sort_n be_v the_o wall_n of_o the_o rotunda_n in_o rome_n and_o the_o bath_n of_o dioclesian_n and_o all_o other_o ancient_a building_n which_o be_v there_o e._n the_o course_n of_o quadrell_n which_o bound_v the_o whole_a wall_n f._n the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o wall_n make_v of_o cement_n between_o one_o course_n and_o the_o other_o and_o the_o outward_a quadrell_n the_o wall_n of_o cement_n must_v be_v make_v so_o that_o to_o every_o two_o foot_n at_o least_o there_o be_v three_o course_n of_o quadrell_n or_o brick_n and_o that_o the_o quadrell_n or_o brick_n be_v prepare_v according_a to_o the_o manner_n aforesaid_a such_o be_v the_o wall_n of_o turin_n in_o piedmont_n which_o be_v make_v of_o river-pebble_n split_v in_o the_o middle_n which_o be_v place_v with_o the_o split_n side_n outward_o make_v very_o even_o and_o smooth_a work_n the_o wall_n of_o the_o arena_n of_o verona_n be_v likewise_o of_o cement_n and_o there_o be_v three_o course_n of_o quadrell_n to_o every_o three_o foot_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n be_v make_v other_o ancient_a edifice_n as_o appear_v in_o my_o book_n of_o antiquity_n g._n cement_n or_o river_n pebble_n h._n course_n of_o quadrell_n which_o bound_v the_o whole_a wall_n the_o wall_n of_o irregular_a stone_n be_v so_o call_v because_o they_o be_v make_v of_o stone_n of_o unequal_a side_n and_o angle_n and_o to_o make_v these_o wall_n they_o use_v a_o plumb_n rule_n which_o apply_v to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o stone_n be_v to_o be_v put_v serve_v to_o place_v they_o straight_o and_o even_o thereby_o to_o try_v time_n after_o time_n if_o the_o stone_n stand_v right_a in_o the_o design_a place_n of_o this_o sort_n may_v be_v see_v wall_n at_o preneste_n and_o ancient_a street_n be_v pave_v in_o this_o manner_n i._o irregular_a stone_n at_o rome_n may_v be_v see_v wall_n of_o square_a stone_n where_o be_v the_o piazza_n and_o the_o temple_n of_o augustus_n in_o which_o they_o lock_v in_o the_o lesser_a stone_n with_o course_n of_o great_a k._n course_n of_o lesser_a stone_n l._n course_n of_o big_a stone_n the_o manner_n riempiuta_n or_o fill_v wall_n which_o be_v also_o call_v coffer-work_n which_o the_o ancient_n do_v use_v take_v plank_n and_o place_v they_o edge-wise_a allow_v so_o much_o space_n as_o they_o will_v have_v the_o thickness_n of_o the_o wall_n fill_v it_o with_o mortar_n and_o stone_n of_o all_o sort_n mingle_v together_o and_o so_o they_o go_v on_o from_o course_n to_o course_n there_o be_v see_v such_o like_a wall_n at_o sermion_n upon_o the_o lake_n de_fw-fr grada_n m._n plank_n put_v edge-wise_a n._n the_o inner_a part_n of_o the_o wall_n o._n the_o face_n of_o the_o wall_n the_o plank_n take_v away_o of_o this_o kind_n may_v be_v call_v the_o ancient_a wall_n of_o naples_n which_o have_v two_o wall_n of_o square_a stone_n four_o foot_n thick_a and_o six_o foot_n distant_a the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o those_o wall_n be_v bind_v together_o with_o other_o cross_a wall_n and_o the_o case_n which_o be_v between_o the_o traverse_v wall_n and_o the_o out-wall_n be_v four_o foot_n square_a and_o be_v fill_v up_o with_o stone_n and_o earth_n p._n the_o outward_a stone_n wall_n q._n the_o traverse_v wall_n r._n case_n fill_v with_o stone_n and_o earth_n these_o be_v the_o form_n of_o which_o the_o ancient_n do_v serve_v themselves_o and_o the_o footstep_n thereof_o be_v yet_o to_o be_v see_v whence_o it_o may_v be_v conclude_v that_o wall_n of_o what_o sort_n soever_o aught_o to_o have_v some_o tire_n or_o course_n which_o be_v like_o sinewe_n that_o hold_v fast_o all_o other_o part_n together_o which_o chief_o may_v be_v observe_v when_o wall_n be_v make_v of_o brick_n for_o the_o structure_n through_o age_n fall_v asunder_o in_o the_o middle_n the_o wall_n may_v not_o become_v ruinous_a as_o have_v happen_v and_o be_v see_v in_o many_o wall_n especial_o on_o that_o side_n which_o respect_v the_o north._n chap._n x._o of_o the_o method_n which_o the_o ancient_n do_v practice_v in_o make_v their_o stone_n building_n because_o it_o happen_v that_o sometime_o building_n be_v make_v the_o whole_a