shall_v also_o be_v diminish_v of_o the_o north_n part_n 50_o 11_o the_o magnetical_a variation_n have_v no_o certain_a pole_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n 63_o 12_o the_o point_n of_o variation_n as_o of_o direction_n be_v only_o respective_a not_o attractive_a 65_o 13._o the_o variation_n of_o every_o place_n be_v constant_a not_o variable_a 66_o 14_o the_o variation_n be_v great_a in_o place_n near_o the_o pole_n ibid._n 15_o the_o magnetical_a declination_n be_v answerable_a to_o the_o latitude_n not_o in_o equality_n of_o degree_n but_o in_o proportion_n 69_o 16_o the_o magnetical_a declination_n be_v cause_v not_o of_o the_o attractive_a but_o of_o the_o disponent_fw-la and_o conuersive_a virtue_n of_o the_o earth_n 70_o 17_o the_o magnetical_a declination_n have_v a_o variation_n 71_o chap._n iv._o of_o the_o total_a motion_n magnetical_a 1_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o her_o magnetical_a vigour_n be_v most_o firm_o seat_v on_o her_o axle_n who_o end_n or_o pole_n respect_v always_o the_o same_o point_n in_o the_o heaven_n without_o alteration_n 72_o 2_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n have_v a_o circular_a motion_n 76_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o site_n stability_n and_o proportion_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n 1_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n 99_o 2_o the_o position_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n may_v be_v reconcile_v as_o well_o with_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o apparence_n of_o the_o heaven_n 110_o 3_o the_o earth_n be_v firm_o seat_v and_o settle_v in_o her_o proper_a place_n 115_o 4_o the_o earthly_a globe_n compare_v in_o quantity_n with_o the_o firmament_n &_o supreme_a orb_n of_o the_o planet_n have_v no_o sensible_a magnitude_n 118_o 5_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n compare_v with_o the_o inferior_a orb_n have_v a_o sensible_a magnitude_n 121_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a spheare·_n 1_o a_o circle_n though_o imaginary_a in_o itself_o have_v his_o ground_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 123_o 2_o the_o distinction_n of_o a_o circle_n into_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o part_n have_v no_o certain_a ground_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n but_o only_o in_o conveniency_n 124_o 3_o by_o astronomical_a observation_n to_o find_v out_o the_o meridian_n 127_o 4_o to_o find_v out_o the_o meridian_n magnetical_o 129_o 5_o by_o the_o incision_n of_o a_o tree_n the_o meridian_n may_v be_v find_v out_o 131_o 6_o the_o meridian_n be_v find_v to_o find_v out_o the_o equatour_n 137_o 7_o without_o the_o help_n of_o the_o meridian_n to_o find_v out_o the_o equatour_n 138_o 8_o to_o find_v out_o the_o equatour_n magnetical_o 138_o 9_o the_o equatour_n be_v a_o unmoveable_a circle_n who_o pole_n never_o vary_v from_o the_o fixt-pole_n of_o the_o earth_n 140_o 10_o how_o to_o know_v the_o number_n of_o degree_n in_o a_o lesser_a circle_n answerable_a to_o the_o great_a 147_o 11_o the_o sensible_a and_o rational_a horizon_n in_o the_o earth_n be_v much_o different_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o firmament_n all_o one_o 151_o 12_o the_o sensible_a horizon_n may_v be_v great_a or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o place_n 153_o 13_o the_o eye_n may_v be_v so_o place_v on_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o may_v behold_v the_o whole_a hemisphere_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o yet_o no_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 154_o 14_o from_o the_o horizontall_a circle_n be_v reckon_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n in_o any_o place_n assign_v 155_o 15_o how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o horizon_n for_o any_o place_n assign_v 156_o 16_o how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o horizontall_a plain_a 157_o 17_o the_o distinction_n of_o orison_n ibid._n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o artificial_a representation_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o of_o the_o part_n whereof_o the_o globe_n be_v geographical_o compound_v 163_o 2_o the_o use_n of_o the_o artificial_a globe_n be_v to_o express_v the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o have_v a_o diverse_a situation_n as_o well_o one_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o other_o as_o the_o heaven_n 166_o 3_o of_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o artificial_a globe_n ibid._n 4_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o fabric_n of_o the_o artificial_a plain_a chart._n 168_o 5_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o fabric_n of_o the_o geographical_a planispheare_n with_o their_o several_a distinction_n 175_o 6_o of_o the_o magnetical_a terrella_n 182_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n 1_o the_o common_a measure_n by_o which_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v know_v be_v mile_n and_o furlong_n 187_o 2_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o earth_n 188_o 3_o by_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n or_o observation_n of_o a_o eclipse_n or_o some_o know_a star_n the_o circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v know_v 189_o 4_o by_o observation_n of_o the_o noone-shadowe_n the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v find_v out_o 190_o 5_o the_o opinion_n of_o cosmographer_n concern_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v diverse_a which_o be_v chief_o to_o be_v impute_v to_o their_o error_n in_o observe_v the_o distance_n of_o place_n experimental_o according_a to_o miles_n furlong_n and_o such_o like_a measure_n 192_o 6_o how_o by_o the_o know_a height_n of_o some_o mountain_n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v find_v out_o 197_o 7_o how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o plain_a and_o convey_v superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n 198_o 8_o of_o the_o number_n of_o square_a mile_n contain_v in_o the_o earth_n 200_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o zone_n climate_n and_o parallel_n 1_o of_o the_o temperate_a and_o untemperate_a zone_n 204_o 2_o the_o tâ—rride_a zone_n be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o next_o be_v the_o two_o temperate_a the_o cold_a zone_n be_v the_o least_o of_o all_o 207_o 3_o the_o zone_n wherein_o any_o place_n be_v seat_v may_v be_v know_v either_o by_o the_o globe_n or_o geographical_a table_n or_o else_o by_o the_o table_n of_o latitude_n 208_o 4_o the_o zone_n and_o climate_n agree_v in_o form_n but_o differ_v in_o greatness_n number_n and_o office_n 211_o 5_o the_o iâ—â—ention_n compare_v one_o with_o the_o other_o be_v not_o all_o of_o the_o same_o greatness_n 212_o 6_o the_o inclination_n of_o the_o climate_n ibid._n 7_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o climate_n 213_o 8_o of_o the_o diversity_n betwixt_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_a geographer_n concern_v the_o place_n and_o number_n of_o the_o climate_n 214_o 9_o how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o parallel_n for_o each_o place_n 217_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o right_n oblique_a and_o parallel_n sphere_n with_o their_o property_n and_o distinction_n 220_o 2_o of_o the_o amphiâ—cij_n heteroâ—cij_fw-la &_o periscij_fw-la with_o their_o properperty_n 226_o 3_o of_o the_o perioecj_n antoeâ—j_n and_o antipode_n with_o their_o accident_n 228_o 4_o how_o the_o perioecj_n antecj_n and_o antipode_n be_v distinguish_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o celestial_a apparence_n 231_o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n 1_o place_n enjoy_v the_o same_o longitude_n be_v not_o always_o equal_o distant_a from_o the_o first_o meridian_n and_o contrariwise_o 235_o 2_o the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n beget_v the_o difference_n of_o time_n 235_o 3_o of_o the_o lose_n or_o get_v of_o a_o day_n in_o the_o whole_a year_n in_o a_o voyage_n about_o the_o earthly_a globe_n 236_o 4_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o longitude_n by_o a_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n 240_o 5_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o longitude_n by_o a_o clock_n watch_n or_o hourglass_n 242_o 6_o by_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o moon_n and_o some_o know_a star_n to_o find_v out_o the_o longitude_n 243_o 7_o by_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n motion_n to_o find_v out_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n 246_o 8_o the_o expression_n of_o the_o longitude_n by_o the_o globe_n or_o map_n 247_o 9_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o latitude_n 249_o 10_o by_o the_o meridian_n height_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o find_v out_o the_o latitude_n 249_o 11_o by_o the_o meridian_n height_n of_o a_o know_a star_n to_o know_v the_o latitude_n 250_o 12_o the_o expression_n of_o the_o latitude_n on_o the_o globe_n or_o map_n 252_o 13_o of_o the_o magnetical_a expression_n of_o the_o latitude_n 252_o chap._n xii_o of_o distance_n of_o place_n compare_v one_o with_o the_o other_o 1_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o distance_n in_o longitude_n of_o two_o place_n under_o the_o equatour_n in_o the_o same_o hemisphere_n 254_o 2_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o
the_o part_n whereof_o this_o terrestrial_a sphere_n consist_v may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n either_o as_o they_o be_v unite_v in_o the_o whole_a by_o a_o magnetical_a form_n or_o disjoin_v and_o take_v by_o themselves_o in_o the_o former_a the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v suppose_v to_o move_v in_o the_o same_o motion_n by_o which_o the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v because_o the_o whole_a and_o all_o the_o part_n take_v together_o be_v the_o same_o and_o subject_a to_o the_o same_o circular_a revolution_n notwithstanding_o this_o any_o part_n several_a and_o disjoin_v from_o the_o whole_a have_v a_o right_a motion_n downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n by_o which_o it_o return_v to_o its_o true_a natural_a union_n this_o inclination_n of_o the_o part_n agree_v not_o with_o the_o whole_a earth_n neither_o unto_o any_o part_n unite_v and_o conglobate_v to_o the_o whole_a but_o only_o to_o a_o part_n separate_v from_o his_o place_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a may_v notwithstanding_o in_o his_o place_n enjoy_v a_o circular_a motion_n now_o to_o come_v more_o near_o home_o unto_o their_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o homogeneity_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o answer_v as_o before_o that_o there_o be_v a_o twofold_a homogeneity_n the_o one_o of_o the_o matter_n and_o quantity_n the_o other_o of_o the_o magnetical_a form_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o former_a we_o may_v conclude_v out_o of_o the_o right_a motion_n of_o all_o the_o part_n the_o disposition_n of_o the_o whole_a so_o we_o understand_v it_o in_o a_o good_a sense_n first_o that_o every_o part_n be_v here_o to_o be_v understand_v not_o in_o but_o out_o of_o his_o proper_a place_n second_o that_o by_o the_o whole_a we_o ought_v not_o to_o understand_v the_o whole_a globe_n with_o all_o his_o part_n conform_v in_o one_o spherical_a frame_n but_o all_o the_o part_n indefinite_o take_v for_o if_o we_o shall_v understand_v of_o the_o whole_a globe_n their_o argument_n will_v in_o no_o way_n hold_v true_a if_o according_a to_o the_o late_a we_o may_v well_o grant_v they_o their_o conclusion_n yet_o can_v it_o not_o oppugn_v our_o assertion_n because_o it_o will_v follow_v out_o of_o the_o natural_a inclination_n of_o every_o part_n that_o all_o the_o part_n several_o take_v have_v such_o a_o disposition_n of_o return_v to_o the_o earth_n be_v separate_v there_o from_o yet_o will_v not_o this_o by_o any_o necessary_a inference_n be_v prove_v to_o agree_v to_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o rather_o will_v it_o follow_v contrariwise_o that_o the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v circular_o and_o therefore_o every_o part_n with_o and_o in_o it_o be_v move_v with_o the_o whole_a in_o the_o same_o motion_n a_o three_o argument_n which_o be_v think_v great_a than_o all_o the_o other_o be_v draw_v from_o two_o experiment_n the_o first_o be_v that_o a_o stone_n or_o bullet_n let_v fall_v from_o a_o high_a place_n to_o the_o ground_n will_v perpendicular_o descend_v to_o the_o point_n of_o the_o earth_n right_a under_o second_o that_o two_o bullet_n imagine_v to_o be_v of_o equal_a weight_n and_o matter_n be_v discharge_v from_o equal_a piece_n of_o ordinance_n with_o the_o like_a quantity_n of_o powder_n the_o one_o towards_o the_o east_n the_o other_o towards_o the_o west_n will_v reach_v a_o equal_a distance_n in_o the_o earth_n both_o which_o will_v seem_v impossible_a if_o we_o grant_v this_o supposition_n of_o the_o earth_n circular_a revolution_n for_o in_o the_o former_a case_n the_o earth_n slide_v away_o swift_o during_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o stone_n will_v change_v the_o point_n mark_v out_o for_o another_o and_o in_o the_o second_o for_o the_o like_a cause_n the_o bullet_n shoot_v towards_o the_o east_n be_v prevent_v by_o the_o swiftness_n of_o the_o earth_n motion_n carry_v along_o with_o it_o the_o ordinance_n out_o of_o which_o it_o proceed_v shall_v return_v back_o over_o the_o shooters-head_n and_o contrariwise_o that_o bullet_n shoot_v towards_o the_o west_n beside_o his_o own_o motion_n by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o other_o way_n shall_v be_v carry_v so_o much_o far_o as_o the_o earth_n be_v remove_v from_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v first_o discharge_v both_o which_o experiment_n seem_v to_o cross_v this_o circumgyration_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n which_o our_o magnetical_a cosmographer_n labour_v to_o confirm_v but_o with_o they_o to_o give_v a_o answer_n to_o these_o and_o the_o like_a experiment_n we_o must_v distinguish_v the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o three_o sort_n some_o be_v hard_a and_o solid_a part_n adjoin_v to_o the_o globe_n as_o stone_n mineral_n &_o what_o else_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v unite_v to_o it_o or_o at_o least_o necessary_o adherent_a to_o the_o outward_a face_n of_o it_o some_o other_o part_n there_o be_v of_o a_o thin_a and_o fluid_a substance_n as_o the_o air_n and_o other_o vapour_n in_o it_o derive_v from_o the_o earth_n a_o three_o sort_n there_o be_v of_o such_o part_n as_o be_v in_o themselves_o solid_a be_v notwithstanding_o by_o some_o violence_n separate_v from_o the_o solid_a globe_n as_o stone_n cast_v into_o the_o air_n arrow_n bullet_n and_o such_o like_a discharge_v from_o the_o hand_n or_o engine_n for_o the_o two_o former_a we_o may_v easy_o imagine_v they_o carry_v with_o the_o same_o circular_a motion_n which_o we_o assign_v unto_o the_o whole_a be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o part_n of_o it_o depend_v from_o the_o whole_a mass_n for_o the_o three_o sort_n whereof_o consist_v the_o difficulty_n we_o can_v imagine_v they_o so_o move_v round_o as_o if_o they_o be_v whole_o separate_v from_o the_o communion_n of_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n for_o howsoever_o there_o seem_v a_o separation_n according_a to_o matter_n and_o quantity_n yet_o retain_v they_o the_o same_o magnetical_a inclination_n to_o the_o whole_a mass_n as_o if_o they_o be_v unite_v to_o it_o and_o therefore_o such_o solid_a part_n be_v move_v with_o the_o same_o uniform_a and_o natural_a motion_n wherewith_o the_o earth_n itself_o be_v turn_v so_o that_o in_o solid_a body_n so_o separate_v from_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n of_o a_o arrow_n or_o bullet_n shoot_v we_o must_v imagine_v a_o twofold_a motion_n the_o one_o natural_a &_o uniform_a whereby_o they_o be_v move_v as_o homogeneal_a part_n according_a to_o the_o revolution_n of_o the_o whole_a sphere_n the_o other_o violent_a by_o force_n impress_v from_o the_o agent_n the_o right_a motion_n proceed_v from_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o shooter_n can_v cross_v or_o hinder_v the_o natural_a because_o the_o one_o be_v right_a and_o the_o other_o circular_a admit_v no_o such_o proportion_n as_o that_o one_o shall_v hinder_v or_o further_o the_o other_o neither_o can_v these_o motion_n well_o be_v term_v contrary_a or_o opposite_a which_o be_v in_o diverse_a kind_n to_o explain_v this_o matter_n far_o we_o will_v add_v this_o diagramme_n lâ—t_v the_o whole_a orb_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v imagine_v to_o be_v lqm_n who_o centre_n be_v a_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o air_n ascend_v from_o the_o earth_n o_o q._n now_o as_o the_o orb_n of_o this_o fluid_a substance_n of_o the_o air_n ascend_v uniform_o be_v move_v round_o with_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o must_v we_o imagine_v the_o part_n of_o it_o mark_v out_o by_o the_o right_a line_n oq_fw-la to_o be_v carry_v round_o with_o a_o unalterable_a revolution_n wherefore_o if_o any_o heavy_a body_n shall_v be_v place_v in_o the_o line_n oq_fw-la as_o for_o example_n p_o it_o will_v fall_v down_o towards_o the_o centre_n by_o the_o short_a way_n in_o the_o same_o line_n oq_fw-la which_o motion_n downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n can_v neither_o be_v hinder_v by_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n nor_o yet_o mix_v or_o compound_v with_o it_o it_o can_v be_v hinder_v because_o as_o we_o have_v show_v a_o right_a motion_n and_o a_o circular_a being_n not_o in_o the_o same_o kind_n can_v proper_o be_v repute_v contrary_a neither_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n can_v they_o be_v mix_v or_o compound_v wherefore_o this_o motion_n will_v be_v no_o other_o than_o one_o simple_a and_o right_a motion_n never_o vary_v from_o the_o line_n oq_fw-la which_o be_v once_o understand_v it_o be_v no_o hard_a thing_n to_o imagine_v a_o bullet_n or_o stone_n force_v by_o equal_a strength_n from_o q_o towards_o l_o and_o from_o q._n towards_o the_o point_n m_o to_o observe_v always_o a_o like_a distance_n notwithstanding_o the_o earth_n circular_a revolution_n have_v hitherto_o show_v this_o spherical_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v possible_a and_o no_o way_n to_o contradict_v nature_n we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o show_v it_o to_o be_v no_o way_n opposite_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o
not_o back_v with_o any_o necessary_a demonstration_n for_o it_o prove_v not_o thing_n else_o but_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o all_o earthy_a and_o heavy_a body_n and_o not_o to_o be_v absolute_o place_v in_o the_o exact_a middle_n of_o the_o world_n another_o reason_n not_o much_o unlike_o the_o former_a be_v draw_v by_o some_o from_o a_o final_a cause_n and_o the_o natural_a harmony_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o world_n one_o with_o the_o other_o the_o earth_n say_v they_o be_v of_o all_o other_o body_n the_o most_o vile_a and_o sordid_a therefore_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o nature_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n equal_o distant_a from_o each_o part_n of_o the_o heaven_n that_o one_o part_n may_v not_o seem_v to_o complain_v of_o this_o unpleasing_a vicinity_n more_o than_o another_o but_o this_o reason_n take_v as_o grant_v to_o matter_n as_o yet_o not_o decide_v first_o that_o the_o earth_n among_o all_o other_o body_n be_v most_o vile_a and_o sordid_a depend_v on_o the_o ground_n of_o peripatetic_n that_o the_o heavenly_a body_n suffer_v no_o corruption_n a_o thing_n soon_o speak_v then_o prove_v second_o that_o pure_a and_o impure_a body_n the_o most_o excellent_a and_o most_o vile_a in_o nature_n be_v always_o most_o distant_a as_o in_o nature_n so_o in_o place_n which_o be_v a_o peremptory_a assertion_n without_o ground_n a_o three_o reason_n more_o probable_a than_o the_o former_a be_v draw_v from_o the_o apparence_n of_o star_n above_o the_o horizon_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o star_n above_o the_o horizon_n appear_v always_o to_o be_v of_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o magnitude_n and_o quantity_n whether_o in_o the_o vertical_a point_n or_o in_o the_o east_n or_o the_o west_n or_o any_o other_o place_n whence_o we_o may_v collect_v that_o they_o differ_v equal_o in_o distance_n from_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o earth_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o world_n for_o if_o it_o be_v otherwise_o that_o the_o star_n in_o some_o place_n shall_v be_v near_o in_o other_o far_a ofâ—_n they_o will_v somewhere_o seem_v great_a otherwhere_o lesser_a according_a to_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o optic_n this_o reason_n howsoever_o popular_a seem_v to_o admit_v a_o twofold_a exception_n first_o because_o it_o imply_v that_o a_o man_n stand_v on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v equal_o distant_a from_o all_o place_n and_o part_n of_o the_o heaven_n whereas_o the_o heaven_n in_o the_o horizon_n be_v far_a distant_a by_o reason_n of_o a_o whole_a semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n interpose_v second_o all_o star_n arise_v in_o the_o east_n or_o set_v in_o the_o west_n ordinary_o seem_v great_a than_o in_o the_o vertical_a point_n by_o reason_n of_o vapour_n ascend_v and_o interpose_v whence_o we_o can_v well_o gather_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o midst_n from_o the_o like_a appearance_n of_o the_o star_n when_o experience_n teach_v the_o contrary_a that_o they_o seem_v not_o always_o of_o the_o like_a magnitude_n concern_v the_o first_o we_o answer_v that_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n interpose_v betwixt_o the_o superficies_n and_o centre_n be_v in_o itself_o great_a but_o this_o as_o we_o shall_v prove_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v so_o little_a that_o the_o sense_n can_v gather_v any_o difference_n in_o observation_n of_o the_o star_n but_o that_o they_o shall_v always_o appear_v of_o the_o like_a magnitude_n concern_v the_o second_o we_o must_v needs_o acknowledge_v that_o vapour_n ascend_v about_o the_o horizon_n by_o a_o opticall_a refraction_n make_v the_o star_n seem_v great_a than_o other_o wise_a they_o will_v do_v but_o the_o reason_n may_v be_v understand_v in_o this_o sort_n that_o whether_o a_o â—an_v be_v place_v in_o the_o same_o horizon_n where_o the_o sun_n be_v when_o he_o rise_v or_o under_o that_o horizon_n where_o the_o sun_n be_v now_o under_o his_o meridian_n or_o under_o that_o horizon_n where_o he_o be_v set_v he_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v of_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o greatness_n without_o any_o sensible_a difference_n whereas_o therefore_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o appearance_n of_o star_n they_o will_v have_v they_o take_v as_o abstract_v from_o all_o impediment_n of_o sight_n or_o interpose_v vapour_n and_o so_o the_o reason_n may_v obtain_v her_o force_n the_o four_o reason_n why_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v seat_v in_o the_o midst_n allege_v by_o ptolemy_n and_o other_o be_v this_o wheresoever_o any_o man_n stand_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n six_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n will_v show_v themselves_o and_o the_o other_o six_o sign_n will_v lie_v hide_v and_o by_o consequence_n half_o the_o heaven_n will_v appear_v the_o other_o half_o will_v be_v under_o which_o be_v a_o evident_a reason_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o midst_n for_o otherwise_o it_o can_v not_o so_o happen_v the_o former_a be_v confirm_v by_o ptolemy_n alphraganus_n and_o the_o best_a astronomer_n the_o consequence_n may_v be_v infer_v out_o of_o natural_a reason_n this_o argument_n will_v sufficient_o hold_v upon_o this_o supposition_n mention_v before_o and_o to_o be_v prove_v hereafter_o that_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o sensible_a magnitude_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o firmament_n no_o sensible_a difference_n can_v show_v itself_o betwixt_o the_o sensible_a and_o the_o rational_a horizon_n beside_o these_o reason_n which_o make_v the_o matter_n more_o than_o probable_a other_o be_v produce_v by_o ptolemy_n demonstrative_a â—ot_n admit_v any_o evident_a or_o probable_a exception_n or_o evasion_n the_o first_o be_v this_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v place_v out_o of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n it_o must_v have_v of_o necessity_n one_o of_o these_o three_o sites_n or_o position_n either_o it_o must_v be_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a or_o at_o least_o it_o must_v be_v place_v not_o only_o without_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a but_o without_o the_o axletree_n that_o be_v to_o express_v it_o plain_o it_o must_v either_o be_v place_v beside_o the_o axletree_n yet_o equal_o distant_a from_o both_o the_o pole_n or_o else_o it_o must_v be_v on_o the_o axletree_n and_o so_o consequent_o near_o to_o one_o pole_n then_o the_o other_o or_o three_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v beside_o the_o axletree_n yet_o near_o to_o one_o pole_n then_o another_o if_o the_o first_o position_n be_v admit_v these_o absurdity_n will_v of_o necessity_n follow_v first_o that_o in_o a_o right_a sphere_n there_o will_v happen_v no_o equinoctial_a but_o only_o in_o that_o horizon_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n for_o example_n sake_n â—et_o there_o be_v imagine_v a_o sphere_n bdce_n who_o centre_n be_v a_o let_v the_o equator_fw-la be_v de_fw-fr the_o axletree_n of_o the_o world_n bc_n and_o let_v the_o earth_n be_v in_o f_o the_o right_a horizon_n hg_v not_o pass_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n a_o which_o shall_v be_v parallel_n to_o the_o axis_n bc_n since_o the_o equator_fw-la cut_v the_o horizon_n in_o right_a angle_n it_o be_v most_o manifest_a that_o not_o only_o the_o equatour_n but_o other_o parallel_n of_o the_o same_o will_v be_v unequal_o divide_v of_o the_o horizon_n for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o pass_v not_o by_o the_o centre_n or_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n wherefore_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o day_n must_v continual_o be_v unequal_a to_o the_o night_n which_o contradict_v all_o experience_n because_o in_o a_o right_a sphere_n the_o day_n be_v always_o find_v to_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o night_n second_o out_o of_o this_o position_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o no_o man_n in_o a_o right_a sphere_n shall_v behold_v the_o half_a or_o hemisphere_n of_o the_o heaven_n but_o either_o a_o great_a or_o lesser_a part_n as_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v out_o of_o the_o same_o diagramme_n whereas_o sense_n can_v testify_v that_o six_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n be_v always_o conspicuous_a above_o our_o horizon_n and_o the_o other_o six_o always_o hide_v only_o except_v that_o horizon_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n wherein_o the_o mediety_n of_o heaven_n be_v conspicuous_a three_o the_o same_o star_n in_o a_o clear_a air_n shall_v not_o always_o seem_v of_o the_o same_o magnitude_n for_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v place_v in_o the_o equinoctial_a plain_n and_o beside_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o world_n towards_o the_o zenith_n or_o meridian_n the_o star_n which_o be_v in_o the_o meridian_n will_v appear_v great_a than_o in_o the_o east_n or_o west_n because_o they_o be_v near_o but_o if_o it_o be_v place_v near_o the_o nadir_n or_o midnight_n point_n they_o will_v appear_v great_a in_o the_o east_n or_o west_n then_o in_o the_o meridian_n if_o it_o shall_v be_v place_v towards_o
as_o mere_a point_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o orb_n because_o they_o sensible_o be_v see_v as_o part_n of_o these_o orbs._n but_o the_o earth_n be_v great_a than_o some_o of_o the_o low_a star_n as_o the_o moon_n whence_o we_o may_v with_o good_a ground_n aver_v that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v place_v in_o the_o moon_n he_o may_v behold_v the_o earth_n far_o great_a than_o the_o moon_n be_v observe_v by_o we_o in_o the_o earth_n wherefore_o no_o man_n can_v deny_v but_o the_o earth_n in_o itself_o have_v a_o great_a vastness_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v this_o greatness_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n we_o shall_v find_v this_o vast_a greatness_n to_o shrink_v almost_o into_o nothing_o and_o become_v as_o a_o mere_a point_n without_o sensible_a magnitude_n but_o this_o be_v not_o altogether_o general_a without_o limitation_n because_o the_o heavenly_a body_n be_v distinguish_v into_o the_o high_a and_o great_a such_o as_o be_v the_o firmament_n with_o the_o four_o high_a planet_n such_o as_o be_v saturn_n jupiter_n mars_n and_o the_o sun_n or_o the_o low_a and_o lesser_a such_o as_o be_v venus_n mercurius_n and_o the_o moon_n which_o difference_n in_o place_n and_o greatness_n admit_v a_o great_a diversity_n in_o this_o proportion_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o these_o two_o theorem_n 1._o the_o earthly_a globe_n compare_v in_o quantity_n with_o the_o firmament_n and_o superior_a orb_n of_o the_o planet_n have_v no_o sensible_a magnitude_n this_o proposition_n be_v support_v not_o only_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o many_o and_o grave_a author_n as_o aristotle_n ptolemy_n pliny_n alphragan_n and_o other_o but_o by_o diverse_a strong_a reason_n draw_v from_o experience_n and_o observation_n of_o astronomer_n the_o first_o argument_n shall_v be_v this_o which_o be_v most_o popular_a the_o sun_n and_o many_o other_o star_n in_o the_o firmament_n be_v find_v out_o by_o astronomical_a instrument_n to_o be_v manifold_o great_a than_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o appear_v they_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n but_o as_o a_o little_a point_n or_o portion_n then_o must_v the_o earth_n be_v in_o comparison_n far_o lesser_a be_v devoid_a of_o all_o sensible_a magnitude_n or_o proportion_n second_o if_o the_o earth_n have_v any_o notable_a quantity_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n then_o must_v the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v as_o great_a a_o quantity_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o sky_n for_o there_o be_v the_o same_o proportion_n of_o the_o diameter_n which_o the_o circumference_n have_v one_o to_o the_o other_o as_o be_v demonstrate_v in_o geometry_n now_o if_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v any_o notable_a magnitude_n in_o comparison_n of_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o sky_n than_o the_o star_n which_o be_v over_o our_o head_n be_v near_o unto_o we_o by_o a_o notable_a quantity_n then_o when_o they_o be_v either_o in_o the_o east_n or_o west_n for_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o star_n place_v in_o the_o vertical_a point_n be_v near_o by_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n then_o when_o they_o be_v either_o in_o the_o eastern_a or_o western_a point_n as_o we_o see_v in_o â—his_fw-la figure_n here_o set_v down_o acdb_n wherein_o i_o make_v e_o to_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n aeb_n the_o true_a horizon_n and_o of_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n now_o if_o the_o semidiameter_n fe_o have_v any_o sensible_a proportion_n then_o must_v g_o the_o vertical_a point_n be_v near_o to_o f._n then_o either_o a_o or_o b._n suppose_a to_o be_v the_o east_n &_o west_n point_n because_o ea_fw-la or_o ebb_v be_v the_o whole_a semidiameter_n of_o the_o celestial_a circle_n whereof_o fg_n be_v only_o a_o part_n but_o contrariwise_o there_o be_v no_o such_o diversity_n perceive_v in_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o star_n but_o that_o they_o appear_v still_o to_o be_v of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o greatness_n except_o by_o accidental_a interposition_n of_o vapour_n and_o gross_a body_n wherefore_o it_o must_v of_o necessity_n follow_v that_o their_o distance_n be_v all_o one_o in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o sky_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o sensible_a diversity_n in_o distance_n three_o hence_o will_v arise_v another_o reason_n no_o less_o forcible_a than_o this_o that_o if_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v any_o comparison_n or_o proportion_n to_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o sky_n the_o horizon_n that_o we_o have_v on_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v not_o divide_v the_o sky_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o part_n which_o be_v couch_v under_o the_o horizon_n will_v always_o be_v great_a and_o the_o other_o lesser_a as_o in_o our_o former_a diagramme_n if_o of_o have_v a_o notable_a quantity_n in_o comparison_n of_o ea_fw-la then_o will_v the_o line_n cfd_n be_v the_o horizon_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o earth_n differ_v notable_o from_o the_o line_n aeb_fw-mi be_v the_o diameter_n of_o the_o world_n and_o the_o horizon_n to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o shall_v not_o the_o horizon_n cfd_n divide_v the_o world_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n but_o the_o upper_a part_n shall_v always_o be_v lesser_a than_o the_o low_a which_o cross_v ordinary_a experience_n for_o we_o may_v see_v in_o long_a winter_n night_n that_o those_o star_n which_o be_v in_o the_o east_n horizon_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o night_n will_v be_v in_o the_o west_n at_o the_o end_n of_o twelve_o hour_n and_o contrariwise_o those_o star_n which_o do_v set_v in_o the_o west_n when_o those_o other_o do_v rise_v in_o the_o east_n shall_v rise_v again_o when_o the_o other_o shall_v set_v four_o if_o the_o earth_n have_v any_o sensible_a greatness_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n than_o be_v it_o unpossible_a for_o any_o sun_n dial_n to_o be_v regular_a and_o observe_v due_a proportion_n for_o we_o see_v the_o shadow_n to_o move_v as_o due_o and_o orderly_o about_o the_o centre_n of_o dial_n and_o such_o instrument_n as_o if_o their_o centre_n be_v the_o very_a centre_n of_o the_o world_n which_o can_v never_o happen_v if_o these_o two_o centre_n shall_v differ_v notable_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o express_v it_o the_o better_a we_o will_v set_v this_o figure_n which_o represent_v the_o three_o notable_a circle_n in_o a_o dial_n which_o be_v describe_v by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o three_o notable_a place_n of_o the_o zodiac_n to_o wit_n the_o two_o tropic_n and_o the_o equinoctial_a herein_o the_o uttermost_a arch_n blc_n represent_v the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n and_o be_v describe_v no_o great_a than_o the_o quarter_n of_o a_o circle_n because_o the_o sun_n place_v in_o the_o sign_n shine_v unto_o we_o but_o six_o hour_n the_o equinoctial_a be_v set_v as_o half_a a_o circle_n because_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o it_o appear_v unto_o we_o 12_o hour_n &_o be_v here_o note_v out_o by_o eif_n the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n contain_v 3_o quarter_n of_o a_o circle_n because_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o it_o there_o be_v eighteen_o hour_n from_o sunrising_n to_o sunset_n and_o that_o circle_n be_v ghk_n the_o centre_n of_o the_o dial_n be_v a_o and_o the_o style_n which_o give_v the_o shadow_n da_fw-la who_o top_n be_v d_o do_v describe_v those_o portion_n of_o circle_n with_o such_o exactness_n as_o if_o the_o dial_n be_v set_v in_o the_o very_a centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o hour_n show_v itself_o no_o otherwise_o then_o if_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o dial_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n to_o these_o argument_n i_o may_v add_v that_o if_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o sensible_a greatness_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o these_o superior_a orb_n either_o all_o or_o most_o of_o these_o absurdity_n will_v arise_v which_o follow_v their_o opinion_n who_o place_n the_o earth_n out_o of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n which_o we_o have_v before_o treat_v of_o 2_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n compare_v with_o the_o inferior_a orb_n have_v a_o sensible_a magnitude_n although_o the_o whole_a earth_n compare_v with_o the_o firmament_n and_o superior_a orb_n of_o the_o planet_n seem_v no_o otherwise_o then_o a_o point_n yet_o from_o this_o we_o must_v except_v the_o orb_n of_o the_o low_a planet_n venus_n mercury_n but_o especial_o the_o moon_n who_o be_v find_v by_o observation_n of_o diverse_a skilful_a astronomer_n to_o have_v a_o sensible_a and_o notable_a greatness_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o a_o manifest_a argument_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o parallax_n or_o variation_n of_o the_o sight_n wherein_o our_o observation_n of_o the_o same_o star_n at_o diverse_a place_n be_v
not_o the_o same_o though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n neither_o will_v such_o a_o star_n to_o both_o place_n seem_v in_o the_o same_o point_n of_o the_o heaven_n which_o can_v not_o possible_o be_v except_o we_o admit_v a_o sensible_a difference_n betwixt_o the_o rational_a and_o sensible_a horizon_n and_o so_o grant_v the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o such_o orb_n some_o quantity_n and_o greatness_n this_o diversity_n of_o aspect_n which_o they_o call_v the_o parallax_n may_v be_v see_v in_o this_o figure_n let_v a_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n l_o the_o moon_n or_o other_o star_n to_o be_v observe_v egg_v the_o firmament_n or_o orb_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n suppose_v then_o the_o eye_n to_o be_v in_o the_o fix_a point_n m_o of_o the_o sensible_a horizon_n xmy_n the_o say_a planet_n will_v appear_v in_o the_o point_n of_o the_o firmament_n s_o according_a to_o opticall_a principle_n whereby_o all_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o place_n direct_o opposite_a 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as_o in_o logic_a man_n have_v invent_v certain_a intentional_a notion_n serve_v as_o so_o many_o instrument_n to_o direct_v and_o regulate_v our_o understanding_n in_o the_o apprehension_n of_o thing_n so_o in_o cosmographie_n can_v there_o not_o be_v want_v such_o imaginary_a sign_n and_o circle_n to_o confirm_v and_o aid_v our_o fantasy_n and_o as_o in_o logic_n such_o notion_n in_o themselves_o be_v mere_o imaginary_a and_o intentional_a yet_o may_v be_v term_v real_a so_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o be_v ground_v in_o the_o thing_n themselves_o so_o may_v we_o speak_v of_o these_o circle_n conceive_v in_o the_o face_n of_o the_o terrene_a globe_n which_o we_o be_v not_o to_o conceive_v to_o be_v fictious_a and_o imaginary_a as_o if_o they_o have_v no_o ground_n at_o all_o in_o nature_n for_o although_o there_o be_v no_o such_o circle_n paint_v on_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o find_v in_o a_o artificial_a sphere_n yet_o must_v we_o of_o necessity_n conceive_v such_o real_a respect_n to_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n itself_o as_o when_o a_o ship_n sail_n over_o the_o ocean_n it_o can_v be_v say_v to_o leave_v behind_o any_o visible_a mark_n or_o character_n in_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n yet_o in_o regard_n it_o make_v a_o real_a passage_n it_o will_v leave_v a_o line_n conceivable_a sign_v out_o unto_o we_o the_o true_a passage_n it_o be_v a_o matter_n which_o have_v not_o a_o little_a trouble_a cosmographer_n to_o find_v out_o the_o immediate_a and_o true_a subject_n or_o ground_n of_o these_o circle_n whether_o they_o shall_v be_v immediate_o take_v from_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o in_o the_o heaven_n the_o ancient_a cosmographer_n have_v acknowledge_v no_o other_o ground_n of_o these_o circle_n then_o the_o congruity_n and_o application_n of_o the_o celestial_a globe_n and_o his_o part_n with_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o our_o magnetical_a philosopher_n more_o near_o search_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n have_v find_v these_o circle_n all_o except_o the_o horizon_n to_o wit_n the_o meridian_n and_o parallel_n to_o be_v immediate_o ground_v in_o the_o earth_n itself_o who_o opinion_n we_o can_v reject_v as_o be_v support_v by_o experimental_a demonstration_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o particular_a 2_o the_o distinction_n of_o a_o circle_n into_o any_o certain_a number_n of_o part_n have_v no_o certain_a ground_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n but_o only_a inconueniency_n leave_v our_o judgement_n free_a to_o take_v such_o a_o number_n as_o may_v best_o serve_v our_o purpose_n some_o astronomer_n more_o curious_a than_o wise_a have_v go_v about_o to_o seek_v a_o ground_n of_o this_o distinction_n of_o a_o circle_n into_o 360_o part_n out_o of_o the_o sun_n course_n in_o the_o zodiac_n a_o circle_n say_v they_o by_o the_o open_n of_o the_o compass_n be_v describe_v in_o a_o plain_a be_v divide_v into_o six_o equal_a part_n now_o because_o the_o sun_n be_v the_o rule_n and_o measure_n of_o all_o perfect_a motion_n pass_v through_o one_o six_o part_n in_o 60_o day_n the_o whole_a circle_n be_v divide_v into_o 360_o for_o 60_o multiply_v by_o 6_o will_v produce_v that_o number_n but_o this_o reason_n seem_v to_o infer_v nothing_o concern_v any_o natural_a ground_n that_o this_o distinction_n shall_v find_v in_o the_o earth_n though_o it_o may_v serve_v as_o a_o argument_n of_o conveniency_n the_o number_n 360_o be_v fit_a for_o that_o calculation_n another_o reason_n very_o like_o the_o former_a be_v draw_v from_o the_o conjunction_n of_o the_o sun_n with_o the_o moon_n which_o happen_v 12_o time_n in_o a_o year_n and_o because_o from_o each_o conjunction_n to_o that_o which_o follow_v be_v spend_v 30_o day_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o zodiac_n be_v first_o divide_v into_o 12_o part_n which_o multiply_v by_o 30_o will_v produce_v 360._o this_o reason_n likewise_o prove_v only_o thus_o much_o that_o it_o be_v the_o fit_a number_n to_o calculate_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o ecliptic_a not_o that_o this_o division_n have_v any_o ground_n in_o nature_n more_o than_o other_o because_o be_v a_o continuate_a quantity_n according_a to_o philosophy_n it_o may_v suffer_v infinite_a division_n for_o it_o be_v in_o the_o beginning_n leave_v free_a to_o cosmographer_n to_o choose_v what_o number_n they_o please_v to_o express_v the_o part_n or_o section_n of_o a_o circle_n which_o they_o take_v as_o it_o seem_v not_o mere_o from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o from_o their_o conveniency_n and_o commodity_n find_v this_o number_n most_o commodious_a for_o the_o distinction_n of_o every_o circle_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o no_o number_n can_v be_v find_v which_o suffer_v more_o part_n and_o division_n than_o this_o for_o as_o much_o as_o in_o 60_o whereof_o
seem_v together_o to_o terminate_v the_o end_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o protension_n of_o the_o sight_n what_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o this_o horizon_n shall_v be_v have_v not_o be_v yet_o agree_v upon_o by_o all_o erastothenes_n will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v 44_o mile_n macrobius_n 23._o proclus_n 250._o albertus_n magnus_n 125._o these_o difference_n seem_v too_o great_a to_o admit_v of_o reconcilement_n yet_o take_v into_o our_o consideration_n the_o disparity_n in_o account_n of_o mile_n betwixt_o the_o modern_a and_o ancient_a cosmographer_n as_o also_o betwixt_o the_o greek_n and_o latin_n 2_o the_o diverse_a place_n of_o the_o sightâ—_n the_o various_a disposition_n of_o the_o place_n wherein_o they_o take_v their_o observation_n with_o other_o circumstance_n we_o shall_v diminish_v much_o of_o admiration_n but_o diverse_a other_o who_o opinion_n be_v more_o approve_a by_o modern_a cosmographer_n have_v define_v it_o to_o be_v about_o 63_o mile_n the_o cause_n why_o this_o horizon_n shall_v be_v so_o little_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o rational_a which_o pass_v by_o the_o centre_n be_v the_o roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n interpose_v betwixt_o the_o sight_n and_o the_o far_a part_n which_o we_o have_v former_o prove_v 3_o the_o eye_n may_v be_v so_o place_v on_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o may_v behold_v the_o whole_a hemisphere_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o yet_o no_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n this_o may_v seem_v a_o paradox_n with_o vulgar_a judgement_n but_o it_o want_v not_o a_o demonstration_n draw_v from_o astronomical_a and_o optic_a principle_n to_o explain_v which_o we_o must_v suppose_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n already_o grant_v 1_o that_o the_o sensible_a and_o rational_a horizon_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n aught_o to_o be_v esteem_v one_o and_o the_o self_n same_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a distance_n and_o disproportion_n betwixt_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o firmament_n 2_o that_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o beholder_n be_v in_o this_o sort_n suppose_v to_o be_v in_o the_o centre_n because_o in_o this_o consideration_n the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o her_o centre_n be_v insensible_a 3_o that_o the_o visual_a ray_n wherein_o the_o sight_n be_v carry_v be_v always_o a_o right_a line_n now_o suppose_v according_a to_o our_o former_a figure_n the_o centre_n of_o the_o eye_n wherein_o consist_v the_o sight_n to_o be_v in_o the_o point_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a surface_n f_o the_o distance_n as_o we_o say_v betwixt_o f_o and_o e_o the_o centre_n be_v insensible_a the_o eye_n be_v imagine_v in_o the_o centre_n likewise_o the_o orison_n cfd_v and_o aeb_n for_o the_o same_o cause_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v to_o be_v esteem_v one_o and_o the_o same_o because_o ca_n and_o db_n have_v no_o sensible_a difference_n it_o be_v then_o manifest_a that_o the_o eye_n so_o place_v will_v behold_v in_o the_o heavenly_a sphere_n all_o which_o be_v include_v betwixt_o a_o and_o b_o to_o wit_n the_o hemisphere_n agb_n bound_v by_o the_o rational_a horizon_n aeb_n nevertheless_o in_o the_o terrene_a globe_n it_o can_v see_v nothing_o at_o all_o for_o either_o it_o shall_v see_v only_o the_o point_n f_o wherein_o it_o be_v seat_v or_o else_o some_o other_o point_n or_o part_v distant_a from_o it_o the_o former_a can_v be_v admit_v because_o the_o eye_n be_v there_o suppose_v to_o be_v place_v shall_v according_a to_o this_o supposition_n behold_v itself_o which_o be_v against_o philosophy_n for_o grant_v the_o sense_n only_o a_o direct_a and_o not_o a_o reflex_n operation_n it_o can_v be_v imagine_v how_o it_o shall_v perceive_v itself_o final_o it_o can_v see_v any_o point_n in_o the_o earth_n beside_o for_o then_o this_o point_n will_v either_o be_v place_v above_o the_o point_n f_o but_o this_o can_v be_v because_o f_o be_v suppose_v in_o the_o superficies_n admit_v of_o no_o point_n high_o in_o the_o sphere_n or_o else_o under_o it_o but_o this_o can_v be_v because_o cfd_n be_v a_o tangent_fw-la line_n and_o touch_v the_o sphere_n in_o f_o only_o there_o can_v according_o to_o geometrical_a principle_n be_v draw_v any_o right_a line_n from_o the_o point_n f_o which_o can_v touch_v any_o point_n in_o the_o say_a sphere_n but_o all_o will_v cut_v it_o and_o so_o the_o section_n cause_n impediment_n to_o the_o sight_n the_o earth_n be_v a_o opacous_a and_o round_a body_n 4_o from_o the_o horizontall_a circle_n be_v reckon_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n in_o any_o place_n assign_v the_o find_v out_o of_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v a_o matter_n most_o necessary_a for_o a_o cosmographer_n as_o shall_v appear_v after_o where_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o the_o latitude_n and_o climate_n it_o be_v define_v to_o be_v a_o arch_n of_o the_o meridian_n betwixt_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o pole_n for_o the_o find_n out_o of_o which_o many_o way_n have_v be_v devise_v by_o artificer_n the_o first_o be_v take_v from_o the_o sun_n the_o second_o from_o the_o polestar_n from_o the_o sun_n it_o may_v be_v perform_v two_o way_n 1_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o equinoxe_n 2_o at_o any_o other_o time_n of_o the_o year_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o equinoxe_n it_o may_v be_v find_v out_o by_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o sun_n shadow_n at_o noontide_n in_o this_o manner_n let_v the_o meridian_n height_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v subtract_v from_o the_o whole_a quadrant_a which_o be_v 90_o degree_n there_o will_v remain_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o zenith_n to_o the_o equator_fw-la which_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n in_o the_o second_o place_n at_o any_o time_n of_o the_o year_n to_o know_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n out_o of_o the_o meridian_n height_n of_o the_o sun_n it_o be_v necessary_a out_o of_o a_o ephemerides_n or_o any_o other_o way_n accurate_o to_o find_v out_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o ecliptic_a for_o the_o day_n propose_v together_o with_o his_o declination_n for_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o six_o northern_a sign_n subtract_v from_o the_o meridian_n altitude_n or_o add_v the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o six_o southern_a sign_n will_v precise_o give_v the_o height_n of_o the_o equator_fw-la or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o the_o meridian_n height_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o equinoctial_a which_o be_v once_o find_v we_o may_v work_v as_o in_o the_o former_a by_o the_o polestar_n we_o may_v likewise_o find_v it_o out_o if_o we_o observe_v it_o three_o distinct_a time_n in_o the_o same_o night_n for_o three_o point_n be_v give_v every_o geometrician_n will_v find_v out_o the_o centre_n which_o in_o this_o case_n must_v be_v the_o pole_n many_o other_o way_n have_v be_v invent_v by_o skilful_a astronomer_n which_o appertain_v rather_o to_o astronomy_n then_o cosmography_n i_o purposely_o omit_v 24_o concern_v the_o horizon_n two_o thing_n be_v chief_o to_o be_v note_v the_o invention_n and_o the_o distinction_n the_o invention_n be_v consider_v either_o as_o it_o concern_v the_o zenith_n or_o pole_n or_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o horizon_n for_o both_o which_o we_o will_v set_v down_o these_o rule_n 1_o the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n subtract_v from_o the_o quadrant_a of_o 90_o degree_n the_o residue_n will_v show_v the_o zenith_n or_o distance_n of_o the_o zenith_n from_o the_o pole_n the_o reason_n be_v evident_a because_o the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n together_o with_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o zenith_n make_v a_o arch_n which_o be_v a_o whole_a quadrant_a so_o that_o the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n subduct_v the_o distance_n will_v remain_v as_o for_o example_n if_o we_o put_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n here_o in_o oxford_n to_o be_v 51_o ½_o degree_n or_o thereabouts_o as_o have_v be_v former_o teach_v let_v these_o 51_o ½_o degree_n be_v subtract_v from_o 90_o then_o will_v remain_v 38_o ½_o which_o be_v the_o true_a zenith_n for_o that_o 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and_o contrariwise_o from_o east_n to_o west_n the_o bound_n or_o limit_n of_o this_o longitude_n be_v by_o ptolemy_n and_o the_o ancient_a cosmographer_n set_v no_o far_o distant_a than_o the_o half_a circle_n contain_v 180_o degree_n because_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earth_n lie_v at_o that_o time_n undiscovered_a the_o end_n of_o this_o space_n towards_o the_o east_n be_v the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n at_o the_o far_a part_n of_o all_o india_n distant_a as_o we_o say_v from_o the_o fortunate_a land_n where_o ptolemy_n place_v the_o first_o meridian_n 180_o degree_n which_o be_v take_v in_o the_o meridian_n and_o resolve_v into_o miles_n according_a to_o our_o former_a rule_n will_v give_v 10800_o italian_a mile_n but_o this_o space_n delineate_v out_o by_o the_o ancient_n be_v very_o scant_o and_o narrow_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o other_o part_n since_o found_v out_o be_v add_v to_o the_o former_a for_o beyond_o the_o bind_v set_v by_o ptolemy_n in_o the_o east_n it_o be_v 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measure_v in_o the_o equatour_n will_v answer_v to_o 60_o italian_a mile_n but_o in_o other_o parallel_n less_o 2_o the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n beget_v the_o difference_n of_o time_n those_o therefore_o which_o exact_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o same_o longitude_n have_v their_o noon_n at_o the_o same_o moment_n but_o where_o the_o longitude_n be_v different_a the_o noonetide_v be_v also_o different_a that_o the_o difference_n of_o time_n be_v vary_v according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n in_o diverse_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o matter_n obvious_a to_o every_o man_n understanding_n out_o of_o two_o premise_a ground_n 1_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v spherical_a 2_o that_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o diurnal_a course_n once_o in_o 24_o hour_n compass_v it_o round_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o place_n situate_v eastward_o see_v the_o sun_n soon_o than_o those_o which_o be_v place_v in_o the_o west_n and_o that_o with_o a_o proportional_a difference_n 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away_o so_o much_o from_o it_o as_o his_o journey_n in_o proportion_n of_o distance_n have_v oppose_v and_o anticipate_v in_o the_o time_n the_o diurnal_a course_n of_o the_o sun_n so_o that_o daily_o gain_v something_o from_o the_o length_n of_o the_o day_n which_o must_v be_v elsewhere_o recompense_v it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o in_o the_o whole_a circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o will_v amount_v to_o 24._o hour_n correspondent_a to_o the_o whole_a circuit_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o will_v make_v another_o day_n likewise_o if_o we_o suppose_v another_o in_o compass_v about_o the_o earth_n to_o go_v westward_o it_o can_v be_v otherwise_o imagine_v but_o that_o second_v the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n by_o his_o own_o journey_n he_o will_v daily_o add_v somewhat_o to_o the_o length_n of_o his_o day_n answerable_a to_o his_o distance_n from_o the_o place_n wherein_o he_o begin_v to_o follow_v the_o sun_n in_o his_o course_n from_o east_n to_o 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the_o scripture_n especial_o in_o the_o 8_o of_o the_o proverb_n and_o the_o 103_o psalm_n where_o god_n be_v say_v to_o have_v set_v a_o bind_v upon_o the_o sea_n which_o they_o shall_v not_o pass_v but_o this_o reason_n seem_v not_o warrantable_a that_o the_o great_a creator_n of_o all_o thing_n shall_v in_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o nature_n impose_v a_o perpetual_a violence_n upon_o nature_n moreover_o all_o miracle_n be_v temporary_a and_o not_o perpetual_a for_o than_o be_v it_o ordinary_a and_o so_o scarce_o a_o miracle_n other_o upon_o less_o ground_n have_v imagine_v that_o there_o be_v certain_a northern_a star_n in_o vrsa_fw-la maior_fw-la and_o draco_n of_o so_o great_a virtue_n that_o they_o can_v draw_v the_o ocean_n from_o this_o habitable_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n towards_o the_o north_n and_o so_o constrain_v the_o water_n that_o they_o can_v overwhelm_v the_o earth_n but_o this_o opinion_n be_v ridiculous_a and_o deserve_v no_o solid_a refutation_n be_v a_o 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a_o experiment_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v dig_v any_o thing_n deep_a in_o most_o place_n there_o will_v appear_v water_n whence_o they_o collect_v that_o the_o water_n be_v mix_v with_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o receive_v into_o it's_o concavity_n but_o howsoever_o we_o may_v grant_v that_o there_o be_v many_o and_o vast_a concavity_n in_o the_o earth_n capable_a of_o water_n yet_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o the_o water_n shall_v be_v ten_o time_n as_o great_a as_o the_o earth_n for_o by_o this_o reason_n although_o all_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v water_n it_o can_v not_o be_v but_o that_o a_o great_a portion_n of_o water_n then_o that_o in_o the_o earth_n shall_v arise_v above_o the_o earth_n because_o according_a to_o their_o own_o supposition_n 9_o part_n shall_v be_v above_o the_o earth_n neither_o can_v aristotle_n word_n be_v well_o wrest_v to_o this_o interpretation_n for_o as_o much_o as_o he_o understand_v this_o tenfold_o proportion_n of_o the_o water_n to_o the_o earth_n not_o of_o the_o space_n which_o they_o replenish_v measure_v by_o their_o circle_n and_o diameter_n but_o of_o the_o proportion_n they_o bear_v one_o to_o the_o other_o in_o their_o transmutation_n as_o that_o one_o measure_n of_o earth_n turn_v into_o water_n shall_v be_v as_o much_o as_o 10._o all_o these_o opinion_n seem_v so_o absurd_a it_o seem_v more_o probable_a to_o imagine_v that_o either_o the_o water_n be_v condensated_a and_o thicken_v which_o be_v in_o the_o beginning_n create_v thin_a whence_o will_v follow_v that_o they_o shall_v occupy_v a_o less_o place_n and_o by_o consequence_n leave_v the_o dry-land_n in_o many_o place_n habitable_a or_o which_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o god_n in_o the_o first_o creation_n make_v certain_a hollow_a concavity_n and_o channel_n in_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v before_o plain_a and_o uniform_a into_o which_o the_o water_n be_v receive_v and_o bound_v in_o so_o much_o that_o they_o can_v not_o flow_v abroad_o this_o 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also_o because_o many_o argument_n and_o place_n of_o holy_a scripture_n seem_v to_o prove_v the_o contrary_n as_o also_o the_o four_o river_n of_o paradise_n create_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n can_v be_v guess_v to_o draw_v their_o original_n from_o such_o vapour_n as_o aristotle_n imagine_v to_o which_o accord_n many_o ancient_a father_n upon_o these_o place_n recite_v in_o that_o opinion_n whereas_o all_o river_n be_v think_v to_o fetch_v their_o original_n from_o the_o sea_n six_o for_o the_o credit_n of_o their_o master_n aristotle_n they_o be_v constrain_v to_o aver_v that_o although_o his_o opinion_n can_v be_v verify_v of_o all_o river_n and_o fountain_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v restrain_v to_o some_o such_o perpetual_a current_n it_o may_v have_v probability_n for_o asmuch_o aswe_n be_v to_o believe_v that_o many_o such_o large_a cavern_n and_o hole_n be_v hide_v under_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o no_o small_a quantity_n of_o vapour_n may_v be_v engender_v this_o probability_n be_v great_a in_o those_o river_n which_o be_v lesser_a in_o quantity_n then_o the_o great_a for_o the_o reason_n before_o show_v seven_o they_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v absolute_o to_o be_v believe_v that_o not_o only_o great_a river_n and_o current_n be_v derive_v from_o subterranean_a water_n which_o have_v original_a from_o the_o sea_n but_o also_o less_o fountain_n and_o spring_n for_o the_o most_o part_n challenge_v the_o same_o beginning_n whence_o they_o labour_v to_o prove_v by_o this_o reason_n that_o in_o very_a few_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v find_v so_o perpetual_a and_o apt_a disposition_n of_o vapour_n under_o the_o ground_n as_o to_o nourish_v so_o many_o and_o so_o great_a current_n of_o water_n eight_o say_v they_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o water_n aswell_o proceed_v from_o rain_n as_o that_o which_o be_v generate_v of_o vapour_n in_o the_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n sometime_o may_v flow_v into_o fountain_n and_o river_n what_o concern_v torrent_n breed_v of_o rain_n they_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o first_o opinion_n for_o other_o they_o make_v it_o also_o probable_a because_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n that_o vapour_n and_o air_n compass_v about_o with_o earth_n be_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o cold_a environ_v it_o turn_v into_o water_n this_o be_v indeed_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o subtle_a jesuit_n of_o conimbra_n wherein_o although_o they_o give_v a_o flourish_n as_o if_o they_o will_v defend_v their_o master_n aristotle_n on_o who_o they_o comment_v yet_o mean_v they_o nothing_o less_o but_o indeed_o wary_o stick_v to_o the_o other_o of_o the_o divine_n and_o ancient_a father_n of_o the_o church_n touch_v the_o derivation_n of_o all_o 〈◊〉_d from_o the_o sea_n which_o opinion_n howsoever_o in_o itself_o most_o probable_a they_o know_v not_o how_o to_o manage_v and_o defend_v against_o opposition_n for_o whereas_o they_o suppose_v that_o in_o the_o first_o sepâ—â—tion_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o dry-land_n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n be_v disperse_v into_o diverse_a hollow_a place_n &_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o whence_o river_n be_v derive_v and_o make_v they_o have_v not_o in_o any_o probable_a manner_n express_v how_o this_o water_n shall_v perpetual_o flow_v and_o feed_v so_o many_o &_o great_a current_n for_o first_o i_o will_v ask_v of_o these_o learned_a father_n whether_o the_o water_n enclose_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n whence_o these_o spring_n be_v feed_v be_v high_o or_o low_a than_o the_o fountain_n arise_v out_o of_o they_o if_o it_o be_v high_a whether_o the_o river_n be_v continual_o nourish_v on_o the_o old_a store_n or_o a_o new_a supply_n be_v daily_o make_v that_o so_o great_a river_n shall_v be_v maintain_v so_o many_o thousand_o year_n out_o of_o the_o old_a provision_n be_v most_o improbable_a because_o the_o
the_o concavity_n and_o hollowgaping_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v everywhere_a choke_v and_o fill_v up_o with_o water_n who_o superficies_n be_v spherical_a and_o therefore_o help_v together_o with_o the_o earth_n to_o accomplish_v &_o perfect_v this_o terrestrial_a sphere_n to_o confirm_v which_o opinion_n these_o reason_n out_o of_o common_a experience_n may_v be_v allege_v the_o first_o be_v drawn-from_a the_o part_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n for_o we_o may_v everywhere_a observe_v that_o a_o portion_n of_o earth_n and_o another_o of_o water_n be_v let_v fall_v will_v descend_v in_o the_o same_o right_a line_n towards_o the_o same_o centre_n whence_o we_o may_v evident_o conclude_v that_o the_o earth_n &_o water_n have_v one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o centre_n of_o their_o motion_n and_o by_o a_o consequence_n conspire_v to_o the_o composition_n of_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o sphere_n second_o to_o a_o like_a arch_n or_o space_n in_o the_o heaven_n be_v find_v answerable_a alike_o arch_a in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n whether_o it_o be_v measure_v by_o the_o earth_n or_o water_n which_o can_v not_o happen_v be_v they_o not_o account_v part_n of_o the_o same_o sphere_n the_o three_o reason_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n wherein_o the_o part_n of_o the_o moon_n shadow_v &_o obscure_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v one_o spherical_a or_o round-figure_n this_o shadow_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o astronomer_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n interpose_v betwixt_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o moon_n intercept_n the_o sunbeam_n which_o shall_v illuminate_v the_o moon_n and_o the_o shadow_n imitate_v the_o opacous_a body_n whence_o they_o arise_v but_o in_o the_o eclipse_n we_o find_v only_o the_o shadow_n of_o one_o body_n or_o sphere_n and_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o optic_n we_o may_v conclude_v the_o body_n whereof_o such_o a_o shadow_n proceed_v to_o be_v but_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o sphere_n 8_o the_o form_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v the_o natural_a harmony_n or_o order_n arise_v from_o the_o part_n work_v together_o we_o ought_v here_o to_o remember_v what_o we_o say_v before_o that_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o water_n concur_v together_o to_o make_v one_o terrestrial_a sphere_n wherefore_o the_o whole_a be_v account_v one_o coacernate_v and_o collect_v body_n make_v of_o two_o other_o we_o be_v not_o to_o expect_v a_o internal_a essential_a and_o specifical_a form_n such_o as_o aristotle_n recount_v among_o the_o principle_n of_o a_o natural_a body_n but_o only_o such_o a_o one_o as_o in_o itself_o be_v external_a and_o accidental_a yet_o concur_v as_o it_o be_v essential_o to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n who_o fabric_n and_o first_o composition_n can_v well_o be_v understand_v without_o it_o some_o have_v imagine_v the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v inform_v with_o one_o internal_a and_o essential_a form_n which_o opinion_n seem_v to_o have_v much_o affinity_n with_o that_o of_o plato_n concern_v the_o soul_n of_o the_o world_n not_o that_o plato_n and_o his_o follower_n be_v so_o absurd_a to_o defend_v that_o the_o world_n with_o all_o his_o part_n be_v animate_v with_o a_o true_a vital_a soul_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o live_a creature_n but_o that_o all_o the_o member_n of_o it_o be_v unite_v together_o quicken_v and_o dispose_v by_o a_o certain_a energeticall_a power_n or_o virtue_n which_o have_v great_a resemblance_n and_o representation_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n which_o assertion_n seem_v to_o be_v restore_v and_o embrace_v by_o our_o late_a magnetical_a philosopher_n who_o opinion_n we_o shall_v discuss_v and_o examine_v hereafter_o in_o place_n convenient_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n ground_v our_o discourse_n on_o know_v principle_n we_o can_v admit_v no_o other_o form_n in_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n than_o the_o mutual_a harmony_n order_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o part_n concur_v together_o and_o work_v the_o perfection_n &_o perpetuation_n of_o the_o whole_a a_o fit_a resemblance_n whereof_o we_o may_v observe_v in_o a_o artificial_a clock_n mill_n or_o such_o like_a great_a engine_n wherein_o every_o part_n due_o perform_v its_o own_o office_n there_o will_v arise_v and_o result_v a_o natural_a harmony_n which_o not_o unapt_o may_v be_v term_v the_o form_n of_o the_o whole_a engine_n why_o the_o world_n shall_v not_o consist_v of_o a_o internal_a and_o essential_a form_n sundry_a reason_n have_v be_v allege_v by_o our_o common_a philosopher_n first_o because_o nature_n never_o attempt_v any_o thing_n in_o vain_a or_o without_o a_o determinate_a end_n but_o the_o particular_a form_n of_o special_a body_n say_v these_o philosopher_n be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o unity_n and_o conformation_n of_o this_o terrestrial_a globe_n so_o that_o to_o grant_v a_o universal_a form_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v to_o multiply_v cause_n without_o any_o necessity_n &_o make_v nature_n the_o mother_n of_o superfluity_n which_o to_o all_o philosopher_n seem_v most_o absurd_a second_o if_o this_o be_v admit_v the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v as_o one_o continuate_a body_n who_o part_n shall_v as_o it_o be_v suffer_v a_o fellow-feeling_n one_o of_o the_o other_o three_o it_o be_v a_o difficult_a matter_n to_o assign_v to_o what_o kind_n such_o a_o form_n may_v be_v reduce_v whether_o animate_v or_o inanimate_a if_o inanimate_a whether_o it_o be_v simple_a or_o compound_v if_o animate_v whether_o vegetative_a sensitive_a or_o rational_a under_o the_o which_o be_v couch_v many_o great_a difficulty_n as_o yet_o undisclose_v whether_o these_o reason_n be_v of_o any_o great_a force_n to_o overthrow_v the_o adverse_a opinion_n i_o leave_v it_o to_o further_a inquiry_n intend_v here_o a_o geographical_a not_o a_o physical_a discourse_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o conformity_n of_o part_n in_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o in_o the_o former_a we_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n aswell_o in_o matter_n as_o form_n it_o be_v needful_a in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o treat_v of_o such_o affection_n and_o propriety_n as_o necessary_o arise_v out_o of_o such_o a_o constitution_n 2._o those_o affection_n or_o propriety_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n real_a or_o imaginary_a real_a i_o call_v such_o as_o agree_v to_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n by_o nature_n imaginary_a such_o as_o agree_v to_o it_o by_o virtue_n of_o our_o understanding_n 3_o again_o the_o affection_n real_o or_o natural_o agree_v to_o the_o terrene_a sphere_n be_v assign_v either_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o or_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n 4_o these_o affection_n be_v say_v to_o agree_v to_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o itself_o which_o may_v be_v express_v and_o understand_v without_o any_o compare_v of_o it_o with_o the_o celestial_a body_n 5_o these_o again_o be_v twofold_a either_o elementary_a or_o magnetical_a elementary_a i_o term_v such_o as_o have_v common_o be_v know_v or_o observe_v by_o ordinary_a philosopher_n here_o be_v chief_o to_o be_v consider_v the_o conformity_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a part_n in_o the_o make_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o whole_a sphere_n in_o the_o former_a chapter_n we_o have_v show_v that_o the_o form_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o concinnity_n and_o apt_a conspiration_n of_o the_o part_n whereof_o the_o whole_a be_v compound_v this_o conformity_n be_v diverse_a and_o manifold_a as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o part_n conform_v themselves_o as_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o conformity_n we_o shall_v particular_o and_o distinct_o treat_v of_o so_o far_o as_o appertain_v to_o a_o cosmographer_n here_o by_o the_o way_n i_o can_v but_o tax_v some_o defect_n in_o most_o of_o our_o common_a cosmographer_n who_o take_v the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o a_o grant_v supposition_n be_v nothing_o curious_a to_o search_v into_o the_o first_o ground_n and_o cause_n of_o this_o rotundity_n whereby_o it_o first_o become_v a_o globous_a body_n and_o afterward_o retain_v in_o itself_o a_o natural_a vigour_n or_o power_n if_o any_o violence_n shall_v be_v offer_v to_o restore_v herself_o to_o her_o former_a right_n and_o perfection_n all_o which_o be_v very_o pleasant_a &_o profitable_a to_o give_v a_o industrious_a learner_n some_o satisfaction_n to_o explain_v this_o before_o we_o descend_v to_o particular_n we_o will_v lay_v this_o ground_n and_o theorem_a 1_o the_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n do_v natural_o conform_v and_o dispose_v themselves_o aswell_o to_o the_o production_n and_o generation_n as_o to_o the_o continuance_n and_o preservation_n of_o it_o the_o form_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n albeit_o as_o we_o have_v show_v it_o be_v external_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a globe_n yet_o may_v
philosophy_n and_o on_o the_o loadstone_n erect_v a_o large_a trophy_n to_o commend_v he_o to_o posterity_n this_o famous_a doctor_n be_v as_o pregnant_a in_o witty_a apprehension_n as_o diligent_a in_o curious_a search_n of_o natural_a cause_n after_o many_o experiment_n and_o long_a inquiry_n find_v the_o cause_n of_o most_o magnetical_a motion_n and_o propriety_n hide_v in_o the_o magnetical_a temper_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o the_o earth_n itself_o be_v a_o mere_a magnetical_a body_n challenge_v all_o those_o propriety_n and_o more_o than_o have_v express_v themselves_o in_o the_o loadstone_n which_o opinion_n of_o his_o be_v no_o soon_o broach_v than_o it_o be_v embrace_v and_o well-commed_n by_o many_o prime_a wit_n aswell_o english_a as_o foreign_a in_o so_o much_o that_o iâ—_n have_v of_o late_o take_v large_a root_n and_o get_v much_o ground_n of_o our_o vulgar_a philosophy_n not_o that_o in_o the_o main_a scope_n and_o drift_n of_o it_o it_o contradict_v or_o cross_v all_o peripatetical_a principle_n or_o the_o most_o part_n of_o such_o ground_n as_o have_v hitherto_o bear_v the_o stamp_n aswell_o of_o antiquity_n as_o of_o authority_n but_o that_o it_o have_v bring_v to_o light_a matter_n of_o no_o small_a moment_n which_o never_o find_v any_o ground_n or_o footstep_n in_o our_o ordinary_a philosophy_n this_o new_a philosophy_n i_o dare_v not_o commend_v as_o everywhere_a perfect_a and_o absolute_a be_v but_o of_o late_a year_n invent_v and_o not_o yet_o bring_v to_o mature_a perfection_n yet_o will_v it_o savour_v of_o little_a ingenuity_n or_o judgement_n in_o any_o man_n perverse_o to_o deny_v all_o such_o magnetical_a affection_n in_o the_o earth_n as_o be_v ground_v on_o plain_a experiment_n and_o observation_n since_o no_o philosophy_n be_v every_o way_n so_o exact_a but_o require_v experience_n daily_o to_o correct_v it_o i_o intend_v not_o here_o a_o absolute_a discourse_n of_o magnetical_a boby_n and_o motion_n but_o leave_v it_o to_o their_o search_n who_o experimental_a industry_n be_v more_o suitable_a to_o such_o a_o subject_n only_o i_o will_v show_v some_o general_a ground_n appertain_v to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n which_o i_o hold_v necessary_a for_o a_o geographer_n wherefore_o ere_o i_o curious_o distinguish_v these_o magnetical_a propriety_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o other_o several_a kind_n i_o will_v set_v down_o this_o theorem_a as_o a_o ground_n or_o foundation_n of_o that_o which_o follow_v 1_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v of_o a_o magnetical_a nature_n and_o disposition_n a_o magnetical_a body_n by_o some_o be_v define_v to_o be_v that_o which_o seat_v in_o the_o air_n do_v place_n itself_o in_o one_o place_n natural_a not_o alterable_a this_o situation_n be_v suppose_v to_o agree_v to_o all_o the_o star_n especial_o to_o the_o great_a globe_n of_o saturn_n jupiter_n mars_n and_o the_o sun_n as_o also_o to_o such_o as_o give_v their_o attendance_n on_o they_o late_o detect_v by_o the_o trunk-spectacle_n to_o wit_n those_o two_o star_n which_o move_v about_o saturn_n the_o four_o which_o move_v about_o jupiter_n the_o two_o which_o circle_n about_o the_o sun_n as_o venus_n and_o mercury_n and_o last_o the_o moon_n which_o encompass_v the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o to_o let_v pass_v those_o other_o globe_n as_o far_o off_o and_o therefore_o less_o subject_a to_o our_o search_n our_o discourse_n shall_v only_o touch_v the_o earth_n whereon_o we_o live_v which_o we_o shall_v prove_v to_o partake_v of_o a_o certain_a magnetical_a virtue_n or_o inclination_n which_o to_o show_v more_o open_o we_o must_v understand_v that_o all_o magnetical_a globe_n have_v some_o part_n of_o their_o body_n which_o be_v also_o magnetical_a which_o be_v divorce_v from_o their_o proper_a sphere_n &_o meet_v no_o obstacle_n will_v settle_v themselves_o to_o the_o natural_a situation_n of_o their_o peculiar_a orb_n which_o we_o may_v plain_o perceive_v in_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n wherein_o we_o shall_v find_v two_o magnetical_a mineral_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v the_o loadstone_n attract_v iron_n or_o steel_n the_o other_o the_o iron_n or_o steel_n itself_o either_o ofthese_fw-mi two_o artificial_o hang_v in_o the_o air_n or_o place_v in_o a_o little_a boat_n on_o the_o water_n all_o encumbrance_n be_v remove_v will_v conform_v &_o settle_v their_o part_n and_o pole_n correspondent_a to_o the_o pole_n and_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n as_o north_n and_o south_n this_o have_v be_v find_v in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o such_o as_o have_v travel_v round_o about_o she_o as_o drake_n and_o candish_n who_o compass_n be_v always_o direct_v magnetical_o in_o all_o place_n which_o they_o pass_v which_o we_o can_v ascribe_v to_o any_o other_o cause_n then_o the_o disponent_fw-la faculty_n of_o the_o earth_n magnetical_a sphere_n as_o shall_v appear_v hereafter_o by_o demonstration_n 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year_n and_o this_o motion_n be_v on_o other_o pole_n than_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n to_o be_v seek_v out_o in_o or_o near_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a this_o heaven_n will_v aristotle_n have_v to_o be_v the_o first_o movable_a and_o therefore_o give_v it_o a_o very_a swift_a motion_n which_o be_v the_o same_o which_o we_o call_v diurnal_a and_o have_v give_v to_o the_o earth_n but_o it_o seem_v more_o consonant_n to_o nature_n that_o the_o slow_a motion_n shall_v agree_v to_o the_o high_a body_n and_o the_o swift_a to_o the_o low_a that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o time_n and_o the_o space_n of_o motion_n it_o remain_v that_o we_o probable_o show_v that_o out_o of_o their_o supposition_n the_o celestial_a apparence_n may_v be_v as_o well_o or_o better_o salve_v then_o by_o the_o ordinary_a ground_n the_o apparence_n which_o be_v most_o call_v in_o question_n concern_v either_o the_o motion_n or_o the_o place_n and_o position_n all_o the_o rest_n be_v either_o of_o less_o moment_n or_o at_o least_o be_v thereunto_o reduce_v every_o motion_n which_o be_v find_v or_o think_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o heaven_n be_v either_o the_o diurnal_a or_o periodicke_n the_o diurnal_a motion_n as_o we_o have_v already_o show_v belong_v to_o the_o earth_n which_o according_a to_o our_o ground_n be_v suppose_v to_o move_v from_o the_o west_n unto_o the_o east_n in_o 24_o hour_n which_o may_v answer_v to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o first_o movable_a sphere_n which_o according_a to_o aristotle_n be_v the_o starry_a firmament_n and_o think_v to_o move_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n the_o periodicke_a motion_n be_v either_o a_o slow_a motion_n to_o be_v finish_v not_o under_o many_o thousand_o year_n or_o else_o a_o swift_a revolution_n of_o the_o planet_n this_o slow_a motion_n the_o common_a astronomer_n will_v have_v towfold_a the_o one_o from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n on_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a the_o 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in_o hipparchus_n time_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o pole_n about_o 12_o degree_n be_v now_o observe_v to_o approach_v almost_o three_o degree_n these_o two_o motion_n shall_v they_o be_v esteem_v in_o the_o account_n of_o astronomer_n may_v seem_v deficient_a notwithstanding_o we_o may_v probable_o conjecture_v this_o to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o motion_n upon_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a whence_o it_o may_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o fix_a star_n be_v not_o only_o carry_v from_o west_n to_o east_n but_o also_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o obliquity_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a line_n incline_v more_o and_o more_o daily_o to_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n whence_o they_o may_v again_o return_v for_o this_o motion_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n be_v of_o the_o primary_n intent_n of_o
nature_n wherein_o the_o star_n move_v in_o circle_n parallel_v to_o the_o ecliptic_a but_o from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n as_o by_o the_o necessary_a consequence_n of_o the_o position_n and_o obliquity_n of_o the_o zodiac_n because_o it_o can_v be_v avoid_v but_o that_o it_o shall_v either_o incline_v to_o or_o decline_v from_o the_o pole_n if_o they_o shall_v object_v as_o many_o do_v that_o this_o progress_n be_v not_o proportional_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o time_n according_a to_o the_o calculation_n of_o the_o astronomer_n we_o answer_v 1._o that_o this_o difference_n be_v so_o small_a that_o it_o shall_v rather_o seem_v to_o be_v impute_v to_o the_o negligence_n or_o ignorance_n of_o such_o as_o take_v these_o observation_n then_o to_o any_o diversity_n of_o motion_n for_o who_o know_v not_o in_o these_o day_n of_o we_o wherein_o this_o art_n be_v arrive_v at_o a_o far_o great_a perfection_n diverse_a astronomer_n in_o observe_v the_o same_o star_n at_o the_o same_o 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to_o their_o proper_a place_n 2._o neither_o the_o circular_a revolution_n of_o it_o on_o her_o own_o pole_n and_o axle_n whereof_o we_o have_v former_o speak_v but_o either_o such_o a_o motion_n whereby_o the_o part_n of_o it_o may_v be_v sever_v one_o from_o the_o other_o and_o so_o the_o whole_a mass_n dissolve_v or_o whereby_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v move_v out_o of_o his_o proper_a place_n or_o at_o least_o such_o as_o may_v move_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o their_o true_a verticity_n whereby_o they_o shall_v not_o respect_v always_o in_o the_o heaven_n the_o same_o point_n or_o pole_n which_o kind_n of_o stability_n from_o motion_n we_o will_v establish_v in_o this_o theorem_a 1_o the_o earth_n be_v firm_o seat_v and_o settle_v in_o her_o proper_a place_n this_o theorem_a may_v be_v prove_v as_o well_o by_o reason_n as_o authority_n of_o holy_a scripture_n from_o reason_n it_o be_v demonstrate_v in_o this_o manner_n if_o the_o earth_n shall_v not_o be_v settle_v in_o her_o proper_a place_n this_o will_v of_o necessity_n happen_v either_o by_o dissolution_n and_o separation_n of_o the_o part_v one_o from_o the_o other_o or_o by_o remove_v the_o pole_n out_o of_o their_o fix_a place_n or_o else_o by_o motion_n of_o the_o centre_n from_o one_o place_n to_o the_o other_o the_o first_o can_v be_v admit_v because_o as_o we_o have_v before_o teach_v in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n all_o terrestrial_a body_n be_v endow_v with_o a_o inclination_n or_o ponderosity_n to_o approach_v as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o by_o this_o coherency_n and_o conformity_n the_o whole_a earth_n be_v ransom_v from_o any_o such_o mutability_n neither_o can_v the_o whole_a sphere_n be_v dissolve_v without_o a_o especial_a miracle_n and_o if_o so_o it_o shall_v happen_v the_o part_n will_v return_v again_o and_o conform_v themselves_o to_o compose_v the_o same_o sphere_n likewise_o the_o 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and_o so_o of_o necessity_n must_v rest_v unmoved_a in_o her_o proper_a place_n but_o this_o reason_n as_o i_o have_v show_v be_v weak_a to_o prove_v this_o assertion_n first_o because_o this_o principle_n of_o aristotle_n be_v not_o ground_v on_o certainty_n but_o contradict_v experience_n as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v 2._o this_o right_a motion_n to_o the_o centre_n be_v not_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o whole_a as_o the_o immediate_a subject_n but_o to_o the_o part_n of_o it_o separate_v from_o the_o whole_a so_o that_o nothing_o will_v hinder_v but_o that_o the_o whole_a globe_n may_v have_v a_o motion_n proper_a to_o itself_o on_o his_o own_o pole_n but_o to_o let_v this_o reason_n pass_v as_o weak_a all_o those_o argument_n allege_v by_o the_o common_a astronomer_n and_o philosopher_n against_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n prove_v indeed_o no_o other_o matter_n then_o this_o stability_n which_o we_o establish_v but_o if_o rack_v any_o far_a come_v short_a to_o satisfy_v for_o authority_n of_o scripture_n many_o place_n be_v urge_v to_o prove_v this_o stability_n whereof_o we_o have_v a_o pregnant_a place_n in_o 104_o psalm_n wherein_o david_n magnify_v the_o creator_n say_v that_o he_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o sure_a that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v move_v at_o any_o time_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v many_o other_o text_n but_o that_o i_o hold_v this_o one_o sufficient_a in_o a_o matter_n which_o few_o man_n call_v in_o question_n we_o be_v in_o the_o three_o place_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o earth_n with_o the_o heavenly_a body_n 4_o the_o proportion_n be_v that_o wherein_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v compare_v with_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o heaven_n we_o must_v here_o remember_v a_o distinction_n before_o touch_v that_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n either_o absolute_o in_o itself_o or_o comparative_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heavenly_a body_n if_o we_o consider_v it_o absolute_o in_o itself_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o earth_n have_v a_o vast_a and_o huge_a magnitude_n and_o not_o any_o way_n to_o be_v compare_v to_o a_o point_n because_o it_o be_v a_o body_n and_o therefore_o subject_a to_o division_n whereas_o a_o point_n be_v conceive_v as_o a_o indivisible_a signeadmit_v no_o part_n at_o all_o sâ—condly_o because_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o earth_n many_o time_n take_v will_v measure_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o heaven_n as_o we_o may_v observe_v by_o astronomer_n who_o measure_v the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o great_a star_n by_o diameter_n and_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n whereas_o a_o point_n of_o it_o be_v a_o thousand_o time_n multiply_v will_v never_o beget_v a_o magnitude_n or_o measure_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o any_o body_n three_o the_o star_n be_v not_o
sphere_n the_o inclinatory_a needle_n shall_v conform_v itself_o in_o a_o parallell-wise_a to_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o that_o place_n pass_v the_o equinoctial_a line_n as_o to_o find_v out_o the_o meridian_n of_o any_o place_n we_o be_v to_o use_v the_o help_n of_o the_o directory_n needle_n so_o to_o the_o find_v out_o of_o the_o equatour_n and_o parallel_n the_o inclinatory_a needle_n be_v most_o necessary_a because_o the_o former_a respect_n the_o magnetical_a motion_n of_o direction_n the_o latter_a of_o declination_n now_o wheresoever_o we_o shall_v see_v the_o needle_n to_o conform_v itself_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o it_o may_v lie_v parallel_n with_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o may_v assure_v ourselves_o that_o such_o a_o place_n be_v under_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n the_o reason_n whereof_o we_o have_v give_v in_o our_o 3_o chapter_n out_o of_o the_o convertible_a nature_n of_o the_o magnet_n and_o here_o need_v no_o repetition_n only_o we_o 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hyparchus_n who_o afterward_o by_o his_o authority_n deceive_v ptolemy_n and_o he_o posterity_n the_o reason_n he_o allege_v be_v 1_o because_o eudoxus_n which_o be_v more_o ancient_a than_o hyparchus_n observe_v the_o same_o star_n to_o be_v in_o no_o other_o place_n then_o where_o now_o it_o be_v 2_o because_o that_o great_a light_n of_o astronomy_n copernicus_n perceive_v the_o equinox_n and_o solstitial_a point_n to_o be_v move_v be_v enforce_v to_o invent_v other_o ground_n but_o because_o his_o demonstration_n depend_v only_o on_o the_o apparence_n he_o seek_v out_o this_o effect_n in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n if_o it_o be_v manner_n to_o oppose_v so_o great_a a_o scholar_n as_o joseph_n scaliger_n i_o will_v ask_v a_o few_o question_n why_o we_o shall_v not_o credit_n the_o observation_n of_o hyparchus_n ptolemy_n and_o all_o posterity_n as_o well_o as_o of_o eudoxus_n since_o antiquity_n without_o consent_n &_o approbation_n be_v no_o great_a argument_n of_o truth_n 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industrious_o calculate_v as_o i_o have_v here_o insert_v to_o save_v other_o a_o new_a labour_n of_o calculation_n the_o meridian_n be_v more_o easy_o find_v by_o hang_v any_o directory_n wire_n or_o needle_n over_o the_o terrella_n one_o end_n of_o which_o point_v towards_o the_o north_n and_o the_o other_o towards_o the_o south_n will_v discover_v the_o meridian_n line_n chap._n viii_o of_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n 1_o hitherto_o have_v we_o handle_v the_o terrestrial_a globe_n primary_o in_o such_o propriety_n as_o absolute_o agree_v unto_o its_o nature_n in_o the_o second_o place_n we_o be_v to_o handle_v such_o as_o secondary_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o former_a here_o we_o be_v to_o handle_v two_o chief_a point_n 1_o the_o measure_n 2_o the_o distinction_n 2_o the_o measure_n be_v that_o by_o which_o we_o find_v out_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n good_a reason_n have_v we_o to_o call_v this_o the_o secondary_a part_n of_o geography_n for_o 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league_n and_o mile_n in_o which_o we_o little_o regard_v such_o a_o needless_a curiosity_n 1_o the_o common_a measure_n by_o which_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v know_v be_v miles_n and_o furlong_n here_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o such_o instrument_n as_o serve_v for_o measure_v be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o great_a or_o lesser_a the_o small_a be_v of_o diverse_a sort_n as_o a_o grain_n inch_n foot_n perch_n pole_n and_o such_o like_a some_o of_o these_o howsoever_o sometime_o useful_a in_o topographie_n can_v have_v little_a or_o no_o use_n at_o all_o in_o the_o vast_a greatness_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n wherefore_o the_o geographer_n seldom_o descend_v so_o low_a but_o take_v notice_n of_o great_a measure_n such_o as_o be_v miles_n &_o furlong_n where_o we_o may_v observe_v by_o the_o way_n that_o the_o usual_a measure_n among_o the_o grecian_n be_v by_o stadia_fw-la or_o furlong_n among_o many_o of_o the_o latin_n by_o mile_n under_o which_o we_o also_o 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shall_v we_o seldom_o make_v use_n of_o any_o other_o than_o the_o common_a german_a mile_n or_o the_o common_a italian_a mile_n to_o which_o as_o the_o most_o know_v the_o rest_n may_v easy_o be_v reduce_v 3_o the_o object_n here_o propose_v to_o be_v measure_v be_v the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o dimension_n according_a to_o which_o it_o be_v measure_v be_v either_o simple_a or_o compound_v 4_o the_o simple_a be_v twofold_a either_o the_o perimeter_n or_o the_o diameter_n the_o perimeter_n otherwise_o call_v the_o circumference_n be_v a_o great_a circle_n measure_v the_o earth_n round_o about_o 5_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o perimeter_n of_o the_o earth_n depend_v on_o these_o follow_a proposition_n 1_o if_o two_o or_o more_o circle_n be_v draw_v about_o the_o same_o centre_n and_o from_o the_o centre_n to_o the_o circumference_n be_v draw_v two_o right_a line_n the_o arch_n of_o all_o the_o circle_n comprehend_v within_o the_o say_v right_a line_n will_v be_v like_a and_o 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experimental_o according_a to_o miles_n furlong_n or_o such_o like_a measure_n how_o many_o author_n of_o great_a name_n and_o estimation_n have_v differ_v among_o themselves_o every_o man_n may_v inform_v himself_o out_o of_o this_o table_n here_o insert_v these_o difference_n we_o find_v diverse_o relate_v but_o of_o all_o other_o which_o author_n have_v set_v forth_o  _fw-fr author_n furlong_n mile_n  _fw-fr strabo_n and_o hipparchus_n 252000_o 31500_o  _fw-fr eratosthenes_n 250000_o 31250_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n contain_v according_a to_o possidonius_fw-la &_o the_o ancient_a arabian_n 240000_o 30000_o ptolemy_n 180000_o 22500_o  _fw-fr the_o late_a arabian_n 204000_o 25500_o  _fw-fr italian_n and_o german_n 172800_o 21600_o i_o prefer_v the_o judgement_n of_o mr_n robert_n hues_n for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v not_o ground_v on_o common_a tradition_n but_o industrious_o by_o himself_o derive_v out_o of_o the_o ancient_n by_o diligent_a search_n and_o 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maurolycus_n and_o xilander_n talk_v of_o diverse_a kind_n of_o pace_n maurolycus_n labour_v to_o reconcile_v both_o but_o without_o effect_n first_o whereas_o they_o will_v have_v diverse_a kâ—nde_n of_o pace_n it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n we_o can_v learn_v that_o the_o grecian_n ever_o measure_v their_o furlong_n by_o pace_n but_o either_o by_o foot_n or_o faddome_n a_o fathom_n which_o the_o greek_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o extension_n of_o the_o hand_n together_o with_o the_o breast_n betwixt_o contain_v six_o foot_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o measure_v well_o know_v unto_o our_o mariner_n in_o sound_v the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n this_o measure_n notwithstanding_o be_v by_o many_o translate_v a_o pace_n by_o what_o reason_n let_v any_o man_n judge_v xilander_n in_o translate_n strabo_n render_v it_o a_o ell_n second_o for_o a_o furlong_n it_o contain_v according_a to_o herodoiuâ—_n a_o ancient_a grecian_a writer_n 600_o foot_n which_o be_v also_o testify_v by_o suidas_n be_v much_o late_a a_o furlong_n contain_v 100_o faddome_n every_o fathom_n four_o cubit_n a_o cubit_n according_a to_o heron_n a_o foot_n and_o half_a or_o 24_o digit_n now_o for_o the_o variety_n of_o furlong_n it_o be_v true_a that_o censorinus_n make_v three_o kind_n for_o either_o it_o be_v call_v the_o italian_a consist_v of_o 625_o foot_n which_o be_v of_o most_o regard_n in_o measure_v the_o earth_n or_o the_o olympian_a of_o 600_o foot_n or_o the_o pythian_a contain_v 1000_o foot_n but_o to_o let_v pass_v this_o latter_a we_o shall_v find_v by_o serious_a consideration_n that_o the_o italian_a and_o olympian_a furlong_n differ_v only_o in_o name_n and_o be_v indeed_o the_o same_o for_o the_o italian_a contain_v 625_o roman_a foot_n according_a to_o pliny_n in_o his_o second_o book_n be_v squall_v to_o the_o olympian_a have_v 600_o grecian_a foot_n for_o a_o foot_n with_o the_o grecian_n exceed_v the_o roman_a 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by_o his_o designation_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v discover_v and_o know_v eratosthenes_n for_o mistake_v in_o the_o measure_n of_o distance_n be_v much_o tax_v by_o hyparchus_n as_o we_o find_v in_o strabo_n for_o betwixt_o alexandria_n and_o carthage_n he_o reckon_v above_o 13_o thousand_o furlong_n whereas_o by_o a_o more_o diligent_a enquiry_n there_o be_v find_v to_o be_v but_o 9_o thousand_o likewise_o possidoniuâ—_n be_v know_v to_o be_v mistake_v in_o that_o he_o make_v the_o distance_n betwixt_o rhodes_n and_o alexandria_n to_o be_v 5000_o furlong_n whereas_o out_o of_o the_o relation_n of_o mariner_n some_o have_v make_v it_o 4000_o some_o 5000_o as_o it_o be_v witness_v by_o eratosthenes_n in_o strabo_n who_o notwithstanding_o say_v that_o he_o find_v by_o instrument_n that_o it_o be_v not_o above_o 3750_o and_o strabo_n wouâ—d_v have_v it_o somewhat_o less_o as_o 2640._o maurolycus_n go_v about_o to_o defend_v possidonius_fw-la 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part_n of_o the_o earth_n because_o such_o as_o dwell_v direct_o under_o the_o equatour_n or_o either_o of_o the_o pole_n although_o they_o may_v be_v antipode_n agree_v not_o to_o that_o definition_n by_o reason_n the_o former_a be_v antipode_n only_o in_o opposite_a point_n of_o the_o equatour_n the_o other_o of_o the_o meridian_n whether_o there_o be_v any_o antipode_n or_o no_o be_v make_v a_o question_n among_o the_o ancient_n in_o so_o much_o that_o saint_n augustine_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr civitate_fw-la dei_fw-la and_o lactantius_n in_o his_o three_o book_n of_o institution_n seem_v stiff_o to_o defend_v the_o contrary_a which_o opinion_n be_v suppose_v to_o grow_v out_o of_o their_o contempt_n or_o neglect_n of_o mathematical_a study_n in_o those_o age_n wherein_o the_o zeal_n to_o religion_n be_v most_o unnecessary_o oppose_v to_o philosophy_n and_o the_o mistress_n forsake_v of_o her_o best_a handmaiden_n which_o ignorance_n of_o the_o ancient_n be_v so_o far_o derive_v 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earth_n we_o shall_v differre_fw-la unto_o our_o second_o part_n chap._n xi_o of_o the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n 1_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n according_a to_o certain_a space_n be_v former_o explain_v we_o be_v now_o to_o treat_v of_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o say_a sphere_n according_a to_o certain_a distance_n 2_o a_o distance_n here_o we_o understand_v to_o be_v a_o direct_a line_n draw_v betwixt_o two_o point_n in_o the_o earth_n such_o a_o distance_n be_v twofold_a either_o simple_a or_o comparative_a 3_o the_o simple_a distance_n be_v take_v from_o the_o two_o great_a circle_n to_o wit_v the_o meridian_n or_o the_o equatour_n which_o be_v either_o the_o longitude_n or_o latitude_n the_o division_n of_o distance_n into_o the_o simple_a or_o comparative_a be_v most_o necessary_a for_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n for_o a_o place_n absolute_o take_v in_o itself_o to_o be_v distant_a from_o some_o fix_a point_n or_o other_o in_o the_o globe_n 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this_o meridian_n will_v cut_v the_o equatour_n in_o some_o degree_n or_o other_o which_o be_v number_v as_o before_o from_o the_o first_o meridian_n will_v show_v the_o direct_a longitude_n the_o like_a of_o which_o we_o have_v in_o the_o second_o case_n 2_o the_o meridian_n run_v through_o any_o place_n of_o the_o geographical_a table_n will_v point_v and_o design_n out_o in_o the_o equatour_n the_o degree_n of_o longitude_n this_o may_v easy_o be_v teach_v by_o the_o former_a way_n perform_v on_o the_o globe_n as_o for_o example_n if_o i_o shall_v inquire_v the_o longitude_n of_o paris_n the_o metropolis_n of_o france_n in_o a_o geographical_a map_n i_o find_v a_o meridian_n mark_v out_o which_o run_v if_o not_o direct_o through_o yet_o very_a near_o the_o say_a city_n this_o meridian_n i_o trace_v along_o to_o the_o southern_a part_n till_o i_o find_v it_o to_o meet_v and_o cut_v the_o equatour_n then_o observe_v i_o in_o what_o degree_n of_o the_o equatour_n it_o make_v his_o intersection_n and_o i_o find_v it_o to_o be_v 23_o degree_n 20_o minute_n which_o be_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o place_n 15_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o longitude_n the_o latitude_n come_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o be_v handle_v the_o latitude_n be_v the_o distance_n of_o any_o place_n from_o the_o equatour_n either_o north_n or_o south_n what_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o longitude_n must_v also_o agree_v to_o the_o latitude_n that_o it_o be_v take_v sometime_o absolute_o and_o general_o sometime_o special_o in_o the_o former_a sense_n it_o signify_v any_o distance_n or_o space_n between_o north_n and_o south_n or_o contrariwise_o from_o south_n to_o north._n among_o the_o ancient_n be_v the_o breadth_n or_o latitude_n hold_v to_o be_v about_o 80_o degree_n so_o that_o the_o utmost_a bind_v or_o limit_v to_o it_o northward_o be_v call_v thule_n which_o common_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v island_n but_o the_o latter_a navigatour_n through_o their_o diligence_n have_v detect_v so_o much_o land_n that_o it_o be_v find_v to_o stretch_v beyond_o 81_o degree_n towards_o the_o north_n and_o 45_o towards_o the_o south_n and_o much_o far_a if_o we_o will_v believe_v the_o relation_n of_o ferdinand_n de_fw-fr quir_n a_o spaniard_n who_o boast_v a_o more_o ample_a discovery_n of_o the_o south_n iâ—dies_n than_o ever_o before_o have_v be_v know_v but_o howsoever_o the_o latitude_n here_o define_v be_v take_v in_o a_o more_o special_a and_o strict_a sense_n for_o the_o distance_n of_o any_o place_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n be_v it_o either_o towards_o the_o north_n or_o the_o south_n the_o bind_v therefore_o from_o which_o we_o begin_v our_o account_n of_o latitude_n be_v the_o equatour_n but_o the_o subject_n wherein_o it_o be_v measure_v be_v the_o meridian_n so_o that_o it_o be_v clean_o opposite_a to_o the_o longitude_n for_o that_o be_v limit_v by_o the_o meridian_n and_o measure_v in_o the_o equatour_n the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n be_v always_o equal_a to_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o and_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o northern_a and_o the_o southern_a latitude_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v from_o the_o equatour_n northward_o the_o other_o southward_o 16_o concern_v the_o latitude_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v the_o invention_n and_o the_o expression_n the_o invention_n be_v again_o twofold_a astronomical_a or_o magnetical_a 17_o the_o astronomical_a invention_n of_o the_o latitude_n be_v by_o observation_n of_o the_o star_n which_o be_v direct_v by_o these_o proposition_n 1_o the_o meridian_n height_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a subtract_v from_o 90_o degree_n will_v show_v the_o true_a latitude_n of_o the_o place_n the_o height_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o noon_n may_v be_v find_v by_o the_o astrolabe_n crosse-staffe_n quadrant_n and_o many_o other_o astronomical_a instrument_n but_o in_o take_v the_o meridian_n altitude_n it_o be_v very_o fit_a and_o requisite_a that_o it_o be_v observe_v diverse_a time_n one_o after_o another_o with_o some_o little_a space_n betwixt_o to_o try_v whether_o it_o increase_v or_o decrease_v for_o if_o it_o do_v increase_v then_o assure_v yourself_o it_o be_v not_o full_a noon_n if_o it_o decrease_v it_o be_v past_a noon_n have_v thus_o find_v out_o the_o meridian_n altitude_n you_o must_v subduct_v it_o from_o 90_o degree_n and_o the_o residue_n will_v be_v the_o true_a latitude_n of_o the_o place_n if_o so_o be_v it_o be_v observe_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a when_o the_o sun_n enter_v the_o first_o point_n of_o aries_n or_o libra_n as_o for_o example_n here_o at_o oxford_n i_o observe_v the_o meridian_n height_n of_o the_o sun_n about_o the_o eleven_o of_o march_n and_o i_o find_v it_o to_o be_v about_o 37_o degree_n or_o thereabouts_o which_o i_o subtract_v out_o of_o 90_o the_o whole_a quadrant_n and_o the_o residue_n will_v be_v 51½_n which_o be_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n but_o if_o you_o will_v know_v the_o latitude_n at_o any_o other_o day_n or_o time_n of_o the_o year_n then_o must_v you_o proceed_v in_o this_o manner_n have_v take_v the_o height_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o noon_n as_o before_o you_o must_v by_o the_o table_n of_o declination_n learn_v the_o true_a degree_n of_o the_o sun_n declination_n 2_o if_o such_o declination_n be_v northerne_o then_o must_v you_o subtract_v it_o from_o the_o foresay_a altitude_n or_o height_n but_o if_o southern_o you_o must_v add_v it_o to_o the_o altitude_n and_o by_o such_o addition_n and_o subtraction_n shall_v you_o have_v the_o height_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a above_o the_o horizon_n 3_o this_o height_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a above_o your_o horizon_n be_v as_o before_o subtract_v from_o 90_o will_v be_v the_o true_a latitude_n of_o the_o place_n assign_v as_o for_o example_n the_o 15_o of_o august_n i_o observe_v the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o be_v about_o 10_o degree_n the_o sun_n be_v in_o 2_o degree_n of_o virgo_fw-la i_o find_v the_o meridian_n height_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o be_v 48_o degree_n or_o thereabouts_o now_o because_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o virgo_fw-la have_v a_o northern_a declination_n i_o subtract_v 10_o which_o be_v the_o number_n of_o the_o declination_n out_o of_o 48_o the_o height_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o there_o will_v remain_v 38_o which_o again_o take_v â—ut_v of_o 90_o the_o residue_n will_v be_v about_o 52_o the_o common_a receive_v latitude_n of_o the_o place_n 2_o the_o meridian_n height_n of_o any_o star_n the_o declination_n subtract_v if_o it_o be_v northern_a or_o add_v if_o it_o be_v southern_a be_v subtract_v out_o of_o 90_o will_v show_v at_o any_o time_n of_o the_o year_n the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n the_o former_a rule_n serve_v only_o for_o the_o day_n because_o it_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o this_o latter_a may_v be_v more_o necessary_a for_o mariner_n who_o now_o and_o then_o be_v enforce_v to_o inquire_v the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n in_o the_o night_n when_o the_o sun_n shine_v not_o wherefore_o they_o must_v fly_v unto_o some_o know_a star_n by_o observation_n of_o which_o they_o may_v easy_o perform_v the_o same_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n which_o differres_fw-la nothing_o at_o all_o from_o that_o which_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o sun_n out_o of_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o therefore_o need_v no_o other_o exposition_n than_o a_o bare_a example_n let_v the_o fix_a star_n you_o best_o know_v be_v arcturus_n who_o meridian_n altitude_n you_o find_v by_o your_o mathematical_a instrument_n to_o be_v 59_o degree_n and_o 30_o minute_n then_o shall_v you_o learn_v by_o some_o table_n that_o this_o declination_n northward_o be_v 21_o degree_n 30_o minute_n now_o because_o his_o declination_n be_v northward_o you_o must_v subtract_v it_o out_o of_o his_o meridian_n altitude_n and_o you_o shall_v find_v the_o remainder_n to_o be_v 52_o degree_n which_o be_v the_o latitude_n for_o the_o place_n as_o it_o be_v common_o take_v although_o i_o confess_v it_o may_v be_v more_o exact_a be_v observe_v here_o at_o oxford_n be_v find_v rather_o 51_o degree_n and_o 30_o minute_n 18_o the_o magnetical_a invention_n be_v perform_v by_o the_o magnetical_a inclinatory_a needle_n the_o ground_n of_o this_o magnetical_a invention_n be_v from_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o magnetical_a inclinatory_a needle_n and_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o as_o we_o have_v prove_v in_o the_o 13_o proposition_n of_o the_o 3_o chapter_n the_o magnetical_a inclinatory_a needle_n will_v at_o every_o point_n of_o latitude_n conform_v itself_o to_o certain_a angle_n with_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n proportional_o to_o the_o degree_n of_o that_o latitude_n upon_o which_o ground_n dr_n ridley_n have_v invent_v a_o curious_a instrument_n to_o find_v out_o the_o latitude_n
the_o earth_n be_v either_o internal_a or_o external_a 3_o the_o internal_a i_o call_v such_o as_o be_v inbred_a in_o the_o earth_n itself_o which_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o common_a or_o magnetical_a 4_o the_o common_a be_v in_o number_n three_o 1_o the_o magnitude_n or_o extent_n of_o a_o country_n 2_o the_o bound_n 3_o the_o quality_n the_o magnitude_n comprehend_v the_o length_n and_o breadth_n of_o any_o region_n some_o man_n may_v imagine_v that_o i_o make_v a_o needless_a repetition_n of_o these_o propriety_n for_o as_o much_o as_o many_o of_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o before_o in_o our_o spherical_a part_n but_o i_o answer_v that_o i_o there_o handle_v no_o other_o matter_n but_o such_o as_o concern_v the_o whole_a globous_a body_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o my_o intent_n here_o be_v to_o treat_v of_o such_o propriety_n as_o particular_o design_n out_o a_o special_a place_n for_o it_o be_v not_o one_o thing_n to_o speak_v of_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n according_a to_o all_o its_o dimension_n and_o to_o treat_v of_o the_o manner_n of_o measure_v some_o particular_a region_n mark_v out_o in_o the_o sphere_n we_o have_v define_v the_o magnitude_n of_o a_o region_n to_o be_v either_o of_o length_n or_o breadth_n because_o as_o we_o have_v teach_v in_o our_o former_a chapter_n it_o be_v a_o space_n contain_v in_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n then_o can_v it_o not_o according_a to_o geometrical_a ground_n exceed_v two_o dimension_n these_o two_o dimension_n as_o we_o have_v say_v be_v length_n and_o breadth_n whereof_o every_o plain_a figure_n or_o superficies_n consist_v 5_o the_o magnitude_n of_o a_o region_n may_v be_v measure_v two_o way_n either_o by_o the_o diameter_n or_o the_o circumference_n the_o diameter_n be_v consider_v either_o in_o latitude_n or_o longitude_n of_o the_o latitude_n whence_o arise_v the_o breadth_n of_o a_o country_n from_o north_n or_o south_n note_v these_o rule_n 1_o if_o the_o place_n who_o breadth_n be_v seek_v be_v distant_a from_o the_o equatour_n and_o be_v whole_o situate_a in_o the_o same_o hemisphere_n the_o lesser_a latitude_n subtract_v from_o the_o great_a will_v give_v the_o diameter_n to_o put_v this_o rule_n in_o practice_n it_o behoove_v the_o topographer_n who_o will_v find_v out_o the_o greatness_n of_o any_o region_n to_o observe_v two_o latitude_n to_o wit_n to_o measure_v the_o latitude_n in_o the_o most_o northern_a point_n where_o it_o be_v great_a as_o also_o in_o the_o southern_a point_n where_o it_o be_v least_o of_o all_o this_o latter_a subduct_v from_o the_o former_a will_v give_v the_o diameter_n or_o breadth_n from_o north_n to_o south_n which_o may_v easy_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n in_o the_o former_a book_n be_v reduce_v into_o miles_n or_o other_o such_o measure_n for_o a_o example_n we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o our_o island_n of_o great_a britain_n the_o southmost_a part_n of_o which_o lie_v about_o star-point_n in_o devon_n have_v in_o latitude_n about_o 50_o degree_n the_o northermost_a point_n situate_v near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n ardurnus_fw-la in_o the_o farthermost_a part_n of_o scotland_n have_v in_o latitude_n about_o 60_o degree_n to_o omit_v minute_n the_o lesser_a of_o these_o latitude_n subtract_v from_o the_o great_a the_o residue_n will_v be_v 10_o degree_n which_o be_v imagine_v in_o the_o meridian_n which_o be_v a_o great_a circle_n be_v to_o be_v multiply_v by_o 60_o and_o so_o convert_v into_o mile_n which_o will_v be_v 600_o the_o length_n of_o britain_n from_o south_n to_o north._n 2_o if_o the_o place_n who_o magnitude_n we_o inquire_v be_v under_o the_o equatour_n the_o southern_a latitude_n add_v to_o the_o northern_a will_v show_v the_o breadth_n from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n to_o illustrate_v this_o by_o a_o example_n we_o will_v take_v the_o whole_a continent_n of_o africa_n who_o southern_a latitude_n about_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n we_o â—â—all_v find_v to_o be_v near_o thirty_o degree_n the_o most_o northern_a latitude_n about_o the_o straits_n of_o gibraltar_n very_o near_o the_o same_o rate_n these_o two_o sum_n add_v together_o will_v amount_v to_o 60_o degree_n which_o multiply_v by_o 60_o the_o number_n of_o mile_n answerable_a to_o a_o degree_n in_o a_o great_a circle_n because_o we_o suppose_v it_o here_o to_o be_v a_o arch_n of_o the_o meridian_n we_o shall_v have_v 3600_o mile_n the_o breadth_n of_o africa_n from_o south_n to_o north._n 4_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o length_n of_o a_o region_n betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n admit_v of_o two_o case_n for_o either_o the_o country_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v without_o the_o first_o meridian_n or_o under_o it_o both_o which_o shall_v be_v teach_v in_o these_o rule_n 1_o if_o the_o region_n be_v situate_a without_o the_o first_o meridian_n the_o lesser_a longitude_n subtract_v from_o the_o great_a will_v show_v the_o diameter_n betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n for_o a_o example_n of_o which_o we_o will_v take_v cape_n de_fw-fr barca_n lie_v over_o against_o s._n thomas_n island_n in_o africa_n under_o the_o equatour_n who_o longitude_n be_v about_o 30_o degree_n and_o melnide_v situate_a near_o the_o equatour_n over_o against_o sinus_n barbaricus_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o africa_n which_o have_v in_o longitude_n 63_o degree_n the_o least_o longitude_n to_o wit_v 30_o be_v subduct_v from_o 63_o there_o will_v remain_v 33_o degree_n which_o be_v take_v in_o a_o great_a circle_n which_o be_v the_o equatour_n or_o a_o parallel_n very_o near_o which_o admit_v no_o sensible_a difference_n we_o multiply_v by_o 60_o and_o there_o will_v arise_v 1980_o italian-mile_n but_o if_o the_o degree_n be_v take_v in_o one_o of_o the_o lesser_a parallel_n we_o must_v proceed_v according_a to_o the_o table_n of_o mile_n answerable_a to_o degree_n of_o latitude_n in_o the_o former_a book_n 7_o another_o case_n be_v when_o the_o place_n be_v situate_a under_o the_o first_o meridian_n the_o length_n and_o measure_n of_o such_o a_o region_n be_v find_v out_o by_o this_o rule_n 1_o let_v the_o western_a longitude_n be_v subtract_v out_o of_o the_o whole_a circle_n and_o to_o the_o residue_n add_v the_o eastern_a longitude_n the_o sum_n will_v give_v the_o greatness_n and_o distance_n betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n for_o a_o instance_n we_o will_v take_v groenland_n suppose_v in_o most_o of_o our_o globe_n and_o map_n to_o be_v a_o island_n which_o be_v set_v down_o direct_o under_o the_o first_o meridian_n pass_v by_o the_o azore_n in_o kaerius_n his_o globe_n it_o have_v assign_v it_o for_o western_a longitude_n about_o 340_o degree_n for_o eastern_a longitude_n about_o 30_o degree_n then_o according_a to_o our_o rule_n 340_o be_v subtract_v from_o 360_o the_o whole_a circle_n there_o will_v remain_v 20_o which_o be_v add_v to_o 30_o the_o eastern_a longitude_n there_o will_v arise_v 50_o which_o be_v multiply_v by_o 25_o the_o number_n of_o mile_n answerable_a to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n be_v about_o 65_o there_o will_v be_v produce_v 1250_o italian-mile_n the_o distance_n or_o length_n betwixt_o the_o east_n and_o the_o west_n part_n of_o groenland_n 8_o hitherto_o of_o the_o measure_n of_o country_n by_o the_o diameter_n the_o other_o way_n be_v perform_v by_o the_o circuit_n which_o manner_n of_o measure_v we_o will_v brief_o censure_v in_o these_o two_o proposition_n 1_o the_o measure_n of_o any_o country_n by_o the_o circuit_n of_o it_o be_v very_o deceitful_a and_o full_a of_o error_n it_o have_v be_v a_o common_a custom_n among_o navigatour_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o greatness_n of_o any_o country_n by_o sail_v round_o about_o it_o which_o kind_n of_o measure_v be_v not_o always_o to_o be_v reject_v for_o as_o much_o as_o in_o new_a discovery_n sometime_o no_o other_o way_n can_v be_v have_v nevertheless_o this_o manner_n of_o measure_v must_v needs_o prove_v very_o uncertain_a for_o diverse_a reason_n first_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o ship_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o diverse_a and_o contrary_a wind_n which_o must_v needs_o happen_v very_o frequent_o can_v always_o move_v with_o the_o same_o swiftness_n second_o because_o the_o sea_n itself_o as_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o show_v have_v in_o diverse_a place_n diverse_a special_a motion_n and_o current_n as_o from_o the_o east_n to_o west_n whence_o it_o must_v needs_o enforce_v a_o inequality_n of_o motion_n in_o the_o ship_n the_o three_o reason_n which_o be_v great_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o various_a figuration_n of_o country_n who_o greatness_n can_v be_v know_v by_o the_o circumference_n because_o as_o geometrician_n teach_v we_o two_o figure_n may_v have_v one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o circuit_n about_o they_o and_o yet_o the_o one_o shall_v extraordinary_o exceed_v the_o
holy_a scripture_n and_o it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a â—hat_n many_o of_o those_o 〈◊〉_d people_n fetch_v their_o first_o original_n from_o they_o the_o second_a cause_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o industry_n and_o labour_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o tillage_n and_o manure_v of_o the_o ground_n wherein_o the_o southern_a inhabitant_n have_v be_v more_o deficient_a foâ—_n it_o be_v certain_a out_o of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n that_o noah_n ark_n wherein_o be_v thâ—_n seminary_n of_o mankind_n and_o almost_o all_o other_o liuâ—â—g_v 〈◊〉_d rest_v in_o â—he_n northern_a part_n of_o the_o world_n whence_o both_o man_n and_o beast_n begin_v to_o be_v propagate_v towards_o the_o southâ—punc_fw-la no_o far_o than_o necessity_n enforce_v the_o region_n inhabit_v gâ—â—wing_v daily_o more_o and_o more_o populous_a and_o as_o iâ—_n be_v groan_v to_o be_v deliver_v oâ—_n some_o of_o her_o child_n hence_o may_v be_v infer_v too_o consecâ—aries_n first_o that_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n be_v 〈◊〉_d soon_o and_o be_v now_o therefore_o â—ore_o populous_a than_o the_o southern_a second_o that_o the_o chief_a and_o principal_a man_n which_o be_v best_a seat_v rathâ—r_n choose_v to_o keep_v their_o ancient_a habitation_n send_v such_o abroad_o who_o can_v either_o be_v best_a spare_v or_o have_v the_o small_a possession_n at_o home_n yet_o notwithstanding_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v but_o they_o retain_v with_o they_o a_o sufficient_a company_n and_o more_o than_o go_v away_o out_o of_o which_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o northern_a half_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v best_o inhabit_v shall_v be_v best_o manure_v and_o culture_v from_o whence_o the_o ground_n must_v in_o time_n prove_v more_o fruitful_a and_o commodious_a for_o habitation_n for_o as_o a_o fruitful_a country_n for_o want_n of_o the_o due_a manure_a and_o tillage_n do_v degenerate_a and_o wax_v barren_a so_o diverse_a barren_a and_o sterile_a country_n have_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v bring_v to_o fertility_n and_o make_v capable_a of_o many_o good_a commodity_n necessary_a for_o man_n life_n if_o i_o be_v curious_a to_o draw_v argument_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o heaven_n i_o can_v allege_v the_o greatness_n and_o multitude_n of_o star_n of_o the_o great_a magnitude_n in_o our_o northern_a hemisphere_n wherein_o the_o southern_a be_v deficient_a as_o also_o the_o long_o sojourn_v of_o the_o sun_n in_o our_o northern_a hemisphere_n but_o these_o as_o uncertain_a cause_n i_o pass_v over_o other_o reason_n may_v perchance_o be_v find_v out_o by_o those_o who_o be_v inquisitive_a into_o the_o secret_n of_o nature_n to_o who_o i_o leave_v the_o more_o exact_a search_n of_o these_o matter_n 4_o either_o hemisphere_n consist_v of_o 90_o degree_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n each_o of_o they_o contain_v 30_o degree_n 5_o of_o these_o part_n 30_o we_o allot_v for_o heat_n 30_o for_o cold_a and_o 30_o for_o temperature_n whereof_o the_o former_a lie_v towards_o the_o equatour_n the_o second_o towards_o the_o pole_n the_o three_o betwixt_o both_o the_o ancient_a cosmographer_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o our_o former_a treatise_n divide_v the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o five_o zone_n which_o they_o suppose_v have_v also_o proportional_o divide_v the_o temper_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o according_a to_o the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n the_o heat_n and_o cold_a shall_v in_o rease_n or_o diminish_v which_o rule_n of_o they_o have_v be_v very_o certain_a be_v there_o no_o other_o cause_n concurrent_a in_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o air_n but_o only_o the_o heaven_n but_o since_o that_o many_o other_o concurrent_a cause_n as_o we_o have_v show_v mix_v themselves_o with_o these_o celestial_a operation_n and_o the_o experiment_n of_o navigatour_n have_v find_v out_o a_o disproportion_n in_o the_o quality_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o distance_n some_o late_a writer_n have_v seek_v out_o a_o new_a pertition_n more_o consonant_a to_o natural_a experience_n the_o whole_a latitude_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n consist_v of_o 90_o degree_n from_o the_o equatour_n to_o the_o pole_n they_o have_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n allow_v 30_o degree_n towards_o the_o equatour_n to_o heat_n 30_o degree_n towards_o the_o pole_n to_o cold_a and_o the_o other_o 30_o degree_n lie_v betwixt_o both_o to_o temperature_n these_o 30_o degree_n for_o imagination_n sake_n they_o have_v subdivide_v again_o each_o of_o they_o into_o two_o part_n contain_v 15_o degree_n a_o piece_n more_o particular_o to_o design_n out_o the_o special_a disposition_n of_o each_o region_n lie_v either_o northward_o or_o southward_o from_o the_o equatour_n which_o be_v the_o bind_v betwixt_o both_o hemisphere_n in_o the_o first_o section_n of_o 30_o degree_n lie_v northward_o from_o the_o equatour_n we_o comprehend_v in_o africa_n numidia_n nigritarum_fw-la regio_fw-la lybia_n guinia_n nubia_n egypt_n ethiopia_n superior_a in_o asia_n arabia_n india_n insulae_fw-la philippinae_fw-la in_o america_n nova_fw-la hispania_n hispaniola_n cuba_n with_o other_o part_n of_o america_n mexicana_n in_o the_o other_o extreme_a section_n from_o 60_o degree_n of_o latitude_n to_o the_o pole_n we_o comprehend_v in_o europe_n groenland_n island_n friesland_n norwey_n suethland_n for_o the_o most_o part_n nova_fw-la zembla_n in_o asia_n a_o great_a part_n of_o scythia_n orientalis_n in_o america_n anian_n quivira_n with_o diverse_a other_o part_n of_o the_o north_n of_o america_n mexicana_n in_o the_o middle_n betwixt_o both_o betwixt_o 30_o and_o 60_o degree_n of_o latitude_n we_o comprehend_v in_o africa_n barbary_n in_o europe_n all_o the_o kingdom_n except_o those_o north_n province_n before_o name_v and_o almost_o all_o asia_n except_o some_o place_n towards_o the_o south_n as_o arabia_n india_n and_o the_o philippinae_fw-la insulae_fw-la former_o place_v in_o the_o first_o section_n in_o like_a manner_n may_v we_o divide_v the_o southern_a hemisphere_n into_o three_o section_n in_o the_o first_o from_o the_o equatour_n 30_o degree_n we_o place_v in_o africa_n congo_n monomotapa_n madagascar_n in_o the_o southern_a tract_n beach_n and_o nova_fw-la guinia_n with_o many_o land_n thereunto_o adjoin_v as_o many_o of_o the_o philippinae_fw-la insulae_fw-la with_o insulae_fw-la solomonis_fw-la in_o america_n peru_n tisnada_n brasilia_n with_o the_o most_o part_n of_o that_o region_n which_o they_o call_v america_n peruana_n in_o the_o other_o extreme_a section_n from_o 60_o degree_n to_o the_o antarctike_a pole_n be_v couch_v the_o most_o part_n of_o that_o great_a land_n scarce_o yet_o discover_v call_v terra_fw-la australis_fw-la incognita_fw-la in_o the_o middle_a region_n betwixt_o both_o from_o 30_o to_o 60_o degree_n shall_v we_o find_v place_v in_o america_n the_o region_n of_o the_o pantagones_n in_o the_o southern_a continent_n maletur_fw-la javaminor_fw-la with_o many_o other_o in_o discover_v the_o quality_n of_o these_o several_a section_n or_o partition_n of_o the_o earth_n our_o chief_a discourse_n must_v be_v address_v to_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n as_o that_o be_v more_o discover_v and_o know_v among_o old_a and_o new_a writer_n by_o which_o according_a to_o the_o former_a proposition_n one_o may_v parallel_v the_o other_o concern_v which_o we_o will_v infer_v these_o proposition_n 1_o in_o the_o first_o section_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n the_o first_o 15_o degree_n from_o the_o equatour_n be_v find_v somewhat_o temperate_a the_o other_o 15_o about_o the_o tropic_n exceed_v hot._n that_o the_o region_n lie_v under_o the_o equatour_n be_v temperate_o hot_a contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n almost_o of_o all_o the_o ancient_n have_v be_v in_o part_n prove_v heretofore_o as_o well_o by_o reason_n as_o experiment_n for_o that_o all_o place_n by_o how_o much_o the_o near_o they_o approach_v the_o equatour_n by_o so_o much_o more_o shall_v be_v hot_a as_o some_o imagine_v diverse_a instance_n will_v contradict_v it_o be_v report_v by_o aluarez_n that_o the_o abyssine_a ambassador_n arrive_v at_o lisbon_n in_o portugal_n be_v there_o almost_o choke_v with_o extreme_a heat_n also_o pâ—rguer_n the_o german_n relate_v that_o he_o have_v feel_v the_o weather_n more_o hot_a about_o dantzicke_n and_o the_o baltic_a sea_n then_o at_o tholouse_n in_o a_o â—eruent_a summer_n the_o cause_n which_o we_o have_v before_o touch_v be_v chief_o two_o the_o first_o be_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v high_a in_o this_o orb_n in_o respect_n of_o those_o under_o the_o equatour_n and_o move_v more_o swift_o from_o they_o spend_v on_o they_o only_o twelve_o hour_n whence_o so_o great_a a_o impression_n of_o heat_n can_v be_v make_v as_o in_o other_o place_n for_o heat_n be_v a_o material_a quality_n must_v necessary_o require_v some_o latitude_n of_o time_n to_o be_v impress_v into_o the_o air_n or_o any_o other_o subject_n from_o the_o diminution_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o region_n must_v the_o air_n need_v receive_v into_o
wherein_o every_o body_n seek_v its_o own_o safety_n the_o other_o general_n wherein_o all_o body_n concur_v to_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a the_o former_a proceed_v from_o the_o special_a form_n and_o nature_n of_o every_o body_n which_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o union_n of_o all_o his_o part_n to_o itself_o this_o union_n be_v great_a of_o all_o in_o a_o spherical_a figure_n wherein_o all_o the_o extreme_a part_n be_v equal_o distant_a from_o the_o centre_n admit_v no_o equality_n of_o dimension_n the_o general_n depend_v from_o the_o resultancy_n and_o harmony_n of_o all_o the_o part_n whereby_o be_v cause_v a_o union_n of_o all_o the_o part_n with_o the_o whole_a to_o who_o preservation_n they_o be_v secondary_o direct_v whence_o arise_v a_o double_a figurature_n of_o the_o water_n the_o one_o of_o a_o sphere_n excentricall_a with_o the_o earth_n the_o other_o also_o of_o a_o sphere_n but_o concentricke_a with_o the_o earth_n whereof_o this_o conicall_a figure_n be_v compound_v why_o this_o figure_n shall_v be_v more_o sensible_a in_o a_o small_a drop_n or_o quantity_n then_o in_o the_o ocean_n may_v be_v declare_v from_o the_o same_o ground_n well_o understand_v because_o the_o convexity_n of_o the_o lesser_a sphere_n excentricke_a with_o the_o earth_n be_v more_o and_o the_o great_a be_v less_o for_o by_o how_o much_o the_o lesser_a be_v the_o sphere_n the_o great_a will_v be_v the_o convexity_n and_o by_o how_o much_o great_a the_o sphere_n the_o lesser_a will_v the_o be_v convexity_n or_o crookedness_n wherefore_o this_o crookedness_n be_v in_o a_o small_a measure_n of_o water_n very_o sensible_a in_o a_o main_a ocean_n will_v by_o sense_n be_v hardly_o distinguish_v from_o a_o right_a line_n 8_o of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o water_n we_o have_v speak_v we_o must_v now_o speak_v of_o the_o quality_n which_o be_v twofold_a saltness_n and_o thickness_n 1_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v salt_n not_o by_o nature_n but_o by_o accident_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v of_o a_o saltish_a quality_n no_o man_n have_v ever_o doubt_v at_o least_o in_o most_o part_n but_o whether_o this_o saltish_a quality_n essential_o agree_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o therein_o create_v or_o else_o accidental_o bring_v in_o i_o find_v no_o small_a difference_n among_o philosopher_n those_o which_o defend_v the_o saltishnesse_n to_o be_v accidental_a be_v divide_v into_o diverse_a sort_n for_o some_o of_o the_o old_a philosopher_n imagine_v that_o the_o earth_n chase_v and_o heat_v with_o the_o sun_n continual_o sweat_v out_o water_n whence_o be_v make_v the_o sea_n and_o therefore_o shall_v have_v a_o saltish_a taste_n because_o all_o sweat_n be_v of_o this_o quality_n but_o this_o opinion_n i_o take_v to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o pleasant_a allegory_n of_o the_o old_a greek_a writer_n who_o write_v their_o philosophy_n in_o verse_n and_o therefore_o use_v such_o allusion_n as_o we_o shall_v perhaps_o find_v in_o many_o other_o matter_n poëtical_o devise_v of_o they_o yet_o refute_v of_o aristotle_n in_o good_a earnest_n other_o have_v more_o probable_o conjecture_v that_o this_o saltishnesse_n be_v first_o derive_v from_o the_o earth_n through_o who_o part_n the_o water_n be_v strain_v be_v apt_a to_o receive_v this_o quality_n be_v primary_o in_o the_o earth_n itself_o as_o we_o see_v water_n be_v wring_v through_o ash_n to_o grow_v salt_n but_o this_o opinion_n seem_v of_o no_o great_a soundness_n because_o the_o first_o river_n and_o lake_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n altogether_o and_o in_o regard_n of_o their_o small_a quantity_n more_o apt_a to_o yield_v and_o receive_v this_o tincture_n be_v notwithstanding_o devoide_a of_o all_o such_o quality_n beside_o this_o we_o rather_o find_v the_o contrary_a by_o experiment_n that_o sea-water_n strain_v through_o clay_n will_v turn_v fresh_a as_o likewise_o powder_a flesh_n be_v lay_v to_o soak_v â—n_v salt_n water_n will_v soon_o turn_v sweet_a the_o former_a be_v verify_v by_o baptista_n porta_n of_o the_o other_o every_o kitchenmaid_n on_o the_o seaside_n will_v inform_v us._n the_o three_o opinion_n be_v of_o aristotle_n who_o refer_v the_o saltish_a quality_n of_o the_o sea-water_n to_o the_o sun_n as_o the_o chief_a cause_n draw_v and_o lift_v up_o out_o of_o the_o sea_n store_n of_o exhalation_n which_o afterward_o mix_v with_o vapour_n fall_v down_o again_o by_o drop_n for_o the_o sun_n draw_v up_o the_o thin_a and_o fresh_a part_n of_o the_o water_n leave_v the_o thick_a and_o low_a water_n to_o suffer_v adustion_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n and_o so_o consequent_o to_o become_v salt_n so_o that_o the_o matter_n of_o this_o saltishnesse_n in_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o a_o exhalation_n the_o sun_n draw_v up_o to_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n the_o fresh_a part_n where_o thicken_a they_o descend_v in_o rain_n leave_v the_o residue_n of_o the_o sea_n salt_n the_o form_n be_v the_o strain_n and_o concoction_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o sun_n for_o the_o saltishnes_n be_v say_v to_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o commixtion_n of_o terrestrial_a dryness_n concur_v with_o moisture_n join_v with_o adustion_n of_o heat_n so_o that_o two_o thing_n be_v chief_o concur_v to_o the_o generation_n of_o saltishnesse_n to_o wit_n drought_n and_o adustion_n this_o seem_v to_o be_v prove_v by_o instance_n of_o fresh-water_n in_o the_o kitchen_n which_o turn_v salt_n be_v much_o boil_a because_o the_o thin_a and_o sweet_a vapour_n of_o it_o be_v draw_v up_o and_o dissipate_v leave_v that_o behind_o which_o be_v thick_a and_o saltish_a the_o same_o will_v some_o have_v in_o the_o sea_n seethe_v as_o it_o be_v and_o burn_v with_o the_o heat_n which_o we_o experimental_o find_v in_o hot_a water_n on_o the_o fire_n but_o this_o be_v except_v against_o by_o some_o because_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o many_o salt_n well_n and_o fountain_n arise_v in_o diverse_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v engender_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n far_o remote_a and_o separate_a from_o this_o extreme_a heat_n and_o adustion_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n but_o to_o this_o we_o may_v easy_o answer_v that_o such_o salt_n spring_n be_v either_o by_o some_o violence_n enforce_v from_o the_o sea_n by_o certain_a secret_a cavern_n and_o hollow_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o that_o they_o receive_v their_o tincture_n of_o saltness_n from_o some_o salt_n mineral_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v wherefore_o this_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n i_o see_v not_o yet_o sufficient_o refute_v the_o other_o opinion_n concern_v this_o quality_n of_o such_o which_o will_v have_v it_o essential_a to_o the_o sea_n water_n and_o inbred_a in_o the_o first_o creation_n be_v ground_v on_o two_o small_a cause_n first_o they_o say_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v salt_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o fish_n who_o will_v otherwise_o rot_v because_o experience_n show_v that_o fish_n will_v soon_o putrify_v without_o salt_n but_o this_o be_v thwart_v by_o three_o reason_n first_o because_o if_o fish_n be_v in_o this_o sort_n salt_v in_o the_o sea_n water_n the_o cook_n may_v save_v himself_o a_o labour_n in_o salt_v they_o again_o in_o his_o kitchen_n also_o fish_v catch_v in_o the_o sea_n be_v oftentimes_o preserve_v long_o and_o sweet_a less_o need_v salt_n then_o those_o which_o be_v find_v in_o fresh_a pond_n and_o river_n second_o if_o this_o reason_n shall_v hold_v currant_n why_o shall_v not_o the_o fish_n also_o rot_v and_o putrify_v in_o fresh_a water_n three_o why_o shall_v fish_n covet_v the_o fresh_a water_n as_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n in_o many_o fish_n if_o in_o it_o they_o shall_v suffer_v putrefaction_n which_o be_v a_o great_a enemy_n to_o nature_n above_o all_o what_o need_v we_o fear_v this_o putrefaction_n of_o fish_n while_o they_o be_v endow_v with_o a_o live_a soul_n which_o be_v a_o great_a preseruative_n than_o all_o the_o salt_n in_o the_o world_n or_o why_o shall_v we_o not_o doubt_v the_o same_o calamity_n in_o all_o live_a creature_n in_o the_o land_n which_o be_v as_o subject_a to_o rottenness_n in_o the_o air_n as_o the_o other_o on_o the_o land_n the_o second_o cause_n say_v they_o why_o the_o sea_n shall_v be_v create_v salt_n be_v because_o the_o sea_n itself_o shall_v not_o putrify_v for_o as_o much_o as_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o salt_n be_v the_o only_a thing_n to_o resist_v putrefaction_n but_o here_o we_o may_v demand_v why_o these_o author_n shall_v fear_v putrefaction_n in_o the_o vast_a body_n of_o the_o sea_n rather_o than_o in_o other_o water_n and_o river_n which_o be_v neither_o salt_n nor_o come_v near_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o ocean_n whereas_o aristotle_n affirm_v in_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o the_o 4_o book_n of_o his_o meteor_n that_o if_o
of_o the_o earth_n but_o shall_v in_o part_n be_v drive_v back_o and_o in_o part_n flow_v beside_o for_o since_o it_o be_v of_o a_o moist_a nature_n while_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v from_o the_o air_n about_o it_o the_o water_n iâ—_n somewhat_o leave_v behind_o as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o a_o small_a vessel_n which_o be_v moâ—e_n laâ—ge_v then_o deep_a for_o if_o it_o be_v move_v forward_o the_o water_n will_v leap_v back_o to_o the_o opposite_a part_n &_o will_v oftentimes_o poise_v itself_o hither_o &_o thither_o seek_v a_o aequilibration_n when_o therefore_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o little_a carry_v forward_o &_o the_o water_n as_o it_o be_v leave_v behind_o be_v out_o of_o his_o aequilibrium_fw-la or_o aquall_a poise_n it_o will_v run_v to_o the_o other_o part_n but_o beyond_o the_o true_a poise_n forth_o violence_n of_o the_o motion_n oppress_v into_o it_o in_o the_o beginning_n from_o thence_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n it_o will_v tend_v again_o to_o the_o opposite_a part_n do_v this_o oftentimes_o seek_v a_o equal_a weight_n wherein_o it_o may_v rest_v so_o that_o if_o the_o earth_n shall_v at_o any_o time_n rest_v from_o her_o natural_a motion_n the_o water_n will_v also_o leave_v off_o the_o libration_n to_o and_o fro_o but_o because_o the_o circumvolution_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v imagine_v to_o be_v perpetual_a the_o libration_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v also_o per_fw-la petuall_a so_o far_o forth_o then_o that_o this_o motion_n be_v of_o the_o continent_n or_o earth_n it_o be_v only_o accidental_a in_o the_o water_n neither_o beside_o his_o proper_a nature_n neither_o according_a to_o nature_n but_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o water_n be_v in_o some_o sort_n move_v in_o the_o earth_n it_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v according_a to_o nature_n for_o it_o always_o seek_v the_o low_a place_n because_o it_o can_v equal_o follow_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n hence_o they_o give_v the_o reason_n why_o this_o motion_n be_v not_o perceive_v in_o lake_n and_o river_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o main_a ocean_n for_o since_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o very_o sensible_a it_o can_v be_v perceive_v but_o in_o a_o great_a mass_n of_o water_n the_o reason_n to_o confirm_v this_o opinion_n beside_o the_o refutation_n of_o other_o opinion_n be_v chief_o these_o two_o if_o the_o water_n by_o itself_o shall_v be_v move_v without_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v move_v either_o according_a to_o or_o against_o his_o nature_n but_o neither_o of_o they_o can_v be_v grant_v first_o if_o according_a to_o nature_n there_o will_v not_o be_v one_o only_a motion_n of_o one_o body_n according_a to_o nature_n but_o many_o which_o be_v deny_v by_o arâ—stotle_n if_o beside_o or_o against_o nature_n some_o violent_a motion_n will_v be_v perpetual_a which_o also_o seem_v absurd_a wherefore_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o sea_n shall_v move_v accidental_o for_o since_o the_o water_n be_v contain_v outward_o of_o the_o air_n internal_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o part_n of_o the_o air_n which_o touch_v the_o water_n be_v of_o aristotle_n call_v stagnans_fw-la or_o stand_v still_o not_o flow_v as_o that_o which_o be_v above_o the_o earth_n but_o be_v only_o trouble_v various_o with_o wind_n this_o libration_n or_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n can_v be_v cause_v by_o the_o wind_n or_o air_n wherefore_o it_o must_v proceed_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o second_o reason_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o quantity_n of_o tide_n in_o diverse_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o it_o be_v â—ound_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o water_n swell_v high_a &_o great_a in_o the_o main_a ocean_n then_o in_o other_o lesser_a sea_n for_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o about_o great_a britain_n it_o mount_v sometime_o above_o 80_o cubit_n also_o it_o often_o ebb_v and_o flow_v in_o lesser_a current_n because_o the_o space_n of_o this_o libration_n be_v short_a and_o straâ—ghter_a or_o because_o beside_o the_o motion_n of_o ebb_a and_o flow_v which_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n partake_v from_o the_o ocean_n at_o hercules_n pillar_n they_o have_v a_o proper_a libration_n in_o their_o own_o channel_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o in_o some_o narrow_a sea_n as_o in_o the_o euripus_n beside_o euboia_n the_o sea_n seven_o time_n a_o day_n ebb_v and_o flow_v whereof_o there_o can_v no_o sufficient_a reason_n be_v give_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o moon_n or_o other_o cause_n whereto_o other_o philosopher_n ascribe_v this_o effect_n this_o opinion_n of_o caesalpinus_n seem_v to_o carry_v great_a likelihood_n of_o reason_n and_o congruity_n with_o experience_n yet_o because_o it_o be_v ground_v on_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o seem_v a_o paradox_n to_o most_o man_n i_o dare_v not_o warrant_v it_o otherwise_o then_o probable_a neither_o can_v it_o well_o stand_v with_o the_o ground_n of_o our_o magnetical_a philosopher_n because_o they_o affirm_v the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n together_o with_o the_o air_n to_o move_v round_o with_o one_o uniform_a revolution_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o one_o shall_v not_o move_v to_o the_o opposite_a part_n or_o stay_v behind_o the_o other_o as_o they_o will_v have_v it_o here_o to_o do_v there_o be_v yet_o another_o opinion_n more_o common_o defend_v in_o the_o school_n of_o natural_a philosopher_n that_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o moon_n as_o the_o principal_a cause_n other_o again_o as_o they_o admit_v the_o moon_n to_o have_v her_o operation_n in_o this_o effect_n join_v other_o cause_n to_o it_o and_o indeed_o this_o seem_v more_o probable_a for_o there_o want_v not_o argument_n in_o patricius_n and_o other_o late_a writer_n to_o show_v that_o the_o moon_n can_v be_v the_o sole_a cause_n of_o this_o motion_n first_o because_o this_o motion_n be_v not_o observe_v in_o all_o sea_n lake_n and_o river_n whereupon_o nevertheless_o the_o moon_n have_v the_o like_a dominion_n but_o experience_n show_v the_o contrary_a for_o beside_o fresh_a river_n it_o be_v manifest_a by_o observation_n of_o traveller_n that_o this_o ebb_a and_o flow_v be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o hircâ—â—_n mantian_n and_o dead_a sea_n also_o in_o maotis_n palus_n in_o the_o pontic_a propontiâ—ke_v ligurian_a and_o narbon_n streyte_n neither_o in_o the_o tyrrhene_a sea_n moreover_o it_o be_v not_o observe_v in_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n neither_o can_v the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o channel_n excuse_v it_o because_o these_o sea_n be_v great_a and_o also_o for_o the_o most_o part_n within_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o therefore_o expose_v sometime_o to_o the_o perpendicular_a beam_n of_o the_o moon_n second_o if_o the_o moon_n shall_v by_o she_o own_o â—orce_n excite_v and_o move_v these_o waterâ—_n then_o will_v it_o move_v those_o sea_n which_o it_o do_v move_v altogether_o and_o not_o only_o in_o part_n the_o contrary_a whereof_o we_o may_v find_v first_o in_o the_o red_a sea_n which_o in_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n ebb_n and_o flow_v but_o in_o the_o middle_n not_o at_o all_o moreover_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n ebb_v &_o flow_v as_o one_o sea_n on_o all_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n wherein_o it_o be_v in_o a_o sort_n divide_v and_o yet_o those_o sea_n with_o which_o it_o be_v join_v as_o the_o tyrrhene_a ligurian_a and_o gallican_n sea_n feel_v not_o any_o such_o motion_n three_o it_o be_v object_v that_o if_o the_o moon_n be_v the_o only_a cause_n of_o this_o flâ—x_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n than_o those_o sea_n which_o be_v say_v in_o whole_a to_o move_v shall_v equal_o flow_v in_o height_n but_o this_o be_v contradict_v by_o experience_n because_o some_o flow_v high_o and_o some_o low_a as_o for_o example_n the_o adriatic_a sea_n in_o the_o inmost_a creek_n near_o venice_n swell_v near_o four_o foot_n in_o height_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o it_o not_o above_o two_o â—oote_n which_o increase_n be_v likewise_o observe_v in_o the_o aegean_a cretian_a ionian_a and_o cyprian_a sea_n also_o the_o syrian_a and_o egyptian_a even_o to_o portus_n ferinae_fw-la but_o from_o mons_fw-la pulcher_fw-la to_o the_o herculean_a streyte_n it_o increase_v above_o two_o foot_n in_o length_n but_o without_o these_o straits_n the_o same_o ocean_n by_o the_o coast_n of_o portugal_n and_o biscay_n and_o france_n the_o sea_n rise_v usual_o to_o 15_o foot_n in_o height_n and_o near_o the_o coast_n of_o belgia_n and_o britain_n 18_o foot_n at_o the_o confine_n of_o bristol_n to_o 60_o and_o thence_o to_o the_o border_n of_o s._n michael_n to_o 60_o but_o at_o the_o coast_n of_o aethiopia_n near_o the_o atlantic_a shore_n it_o rise_v not_o high_a than_o in_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n but_o near_o the_o land_n
and_o compass_n dare_v not_o adventure_v into_o the_o ocean_n so_o far_o out_o of_o sight_n of_o land_n but_o to_o give_v the_o opposite_a part_n all_o reasonable_a advantage_n admit_v the_o strait_n divide_v asia_n and_o america_n be_v very_o narrow_a and_o within_o ken_n be_v it_o likely_a that_o from_o hence_o thâ—y_o can_v by_o ship_n transport_v so_o many_o knde_n of_o creature_n can_v we_o believe_v any_o man_n to_o be_v so_o mad_a as_o to_o carry_v over_o with_o he_o lion_n bear_n tiger_n fox_n and_o other_o innumerable_a sort_n of_o ravenous_a and_o unprofitable_a beast_n as_o pernicious_a to_o mankind_n as_o other_o creature_n serve_v for_o his_o use_n if_o any_o be_v find_v so_o foolish_a or_o malicious_a yet_o be_v it_o very_o unlikely_a he_o shall_v transport_v so_o many_o kind_n this_o argument_n seem_v no_o more_o to_o concern_v america_n than_o most_o land_n of_o the_o world_n wherein_o we_o find_v diverse_a creature_n not_o only_o serve_v for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n but_o many_o unprofitable_a &_o hateful_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n the_o mean_n of_o this_o transportation_n be_v very_o difficult_a to_o find_v st_n augustine_n with_o some_o other_o divine_n have_v be_v drive_v to_o a_o supernatural_a cause_n as_o if_o almighty_a god_n shall_v perform_v this_o matter_n by_o the_o ministry_n of_o angel_n which_o answer_v we_o dare_v not_o utter_o reject_v be_v support_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o so_o great_a a_o pillar_n of_o the_o church_n yet_o i_o can_v so_o easy_o imagine_v that_o god_n who_o use_v natural_a mean_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o all_o live_a creature_n in_o the_o ark_n shall_v have_v recourse_n to_o a_o supernatural_a power_n in_o the_o propagation_n of_o these_o creature_n on_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n wherefore_o to_o i_o the_o reason_n will_v seem_v better_o answer_v out_o of_o our_o ground_n which_o we_o shall_v prove_v hereafter_o that_o land_n be_v not_o from_o the_o first_o creation_n but_o afterward_o break_v from_o the_o main_a continent_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n hence_o it_o may_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o such_o beast_n as_o be_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o break_v off_o have_v since_o there_o continue_v by_o continual_a propagation_n until_o this_o day_n i_o mean_v of_o ravenous_a and_o hurtful_a beast_n because_o of_o the_o other_o less_o doubt_n can_v be_v make_v but_o that_o they_o may_v be_v convey_v from_o one_o country_n into_o another_o by_o ship_v to_o serve_v the_o necessity_n of_o mankind_n here_o we_o see_v that_o no_o argument_n as_o yet_o have_v be_v urge_v so_o strong_a against_o the_o north-passage_n but_o may_v with_o reasonable_a probability_n be_v answer_v it_o remain_v in_o the_o second_o place_n that_o we_o descend_v somewhat_o to_o particular_n to_o inquire_v whether_o this_o be_v to_o be_v effect_v either_o towards_o the_o north-east_n or_o the_o northwest_n the_o north-east_n passage_n have_v heretofore_o be_v attempt_v by_o many_o of_o our_o english_a navigatour_n but_o with_o unhappy_a success_n yet_o be_v not_o these_o voyage_n altogether_o fruitless_a forasmuch_o as_o by_o this_o mean_n a_o way_n be_v find_v out_o to_o russia_n whence_o begin_v the_o first_o trade_n between_o we_o and_o the_o russian_a merchant_n but_o that_o little_a hope_n can_v hence_o arise_v sundry_a reason_n may_v be_v allege_v the_o chief_a whereof_o be_v these_o 1_o the_o dangerous_a rend_n of_o the_o scythick_n cape_n set_v by_o ortelius_n under_o 80_o degree_n northward_o together_o with_o the_o perilous_a sail_v in_o those_o northern_a sea_n always_o pester_v with_o ice_n and_o snow_n second_v by_o diverse_a bay_n or_o shelf_n mist_n fog_n long_a and_o darksome_a night_n most_o adverse_a to_o any_o happy_a navigation_n 2_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v more_o shallow_a towards_o the_o east_n which_o give_v small_a hope_n of_o a_o through_o passage_n because_o all_o sea_n be_v feed_v with_o water_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v more_o shallow_a towards_o the_o shore_n then_o in_o the_o middle_n but_o where_o in_o sail_v forward_o any_o sea_n be_v find_v to_o decrease_v in_o depth_n it_o be_v a_o likely_a argument_n that_o it_o be_v rather_o a_o creek_n bay_fw-mi or_o river_n than_o a_o straight_o notwithstanding_o these_o reason_n some_o have_v heretofore_o go_v about_o to_o prove_v a_o passage_n by_o the_o north-east_n to_o cathay_n of_o which_o opinion_n be_v antony_n jenkinson_n who_o reason_n be_v well_o answer_v by_o sr_n humphrey_n gilbert_n which_o i_o brief_o touch_v add_v some_o thing_n of_o my_o own_o as_o i_o find_v occasion_n the_o first_o reason_n be_v draw_v from_o a_o relation_n of_o tartarian_a who_o report_v that_o in_o hunt_v the_o morse_n he_o sail_v very_o far_o towards_o the_o southeast_n wherein_o he_o find_v no_o end_n which_o may_v give_v a_o likely_a conjecture_n that_o it_o be_v a_o passage_n throughout_o but_o to_o this_o we_o may_v easy_o answer_v that_o the_o tartarian_n be_v a_o barbarous_a nation_n altogether_o ignorant_a of_o navigation_n which_o neither_o know_v the_o use_n of_o the_o chart_fw-la compass_n or_o celestial_a observation_n &_o therefore_o in_o a_o wide_a sea_n know_v not_o how_o to_o distinguish_v the_o north-east_n from_o the_o southeast_n beside_o the_o curious_a search_n of_o this_o long_a passage_n must_v depend_v on_o better_a discovery_n than_o a_o poor_a fisherman_n who_o seldom_o dare_v adventure_v himself_o out_o of_o sight_n of_o land_n beside_o the_o fisherman_n judge_v by_o sight_n can_v not_o see_v about_o a_o ken_n at_o sea_n which_o will_v prove_v nothing_o in_o regard_n of_o so_o long_a a_o distance_n the_o second_o reason_n urge_v by_o mr_n jenkinson_n be_v this_o that_o there_o be_v a_o vnicorne_n horn_n find_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o tartary_n which_o can_v not_o come_v say_v he_o by_o any_o other_o mean_v then_o with_o the_o tide_n in_o some_o straight_o in_o the_o north-east_n in_o the_o freeze_a sea_n there_o be_v no_o unicorn_n in_o all_o asia_n save_v in_o iâ—dia_n and_o cataia_n to_o this_o reason_n i_o may_v answer_v with_o sr_n humphrey_n gilbert_n many_o way_n 1_o we_o may_v well_o doubt_v whether_o tartarian_n know_v a_o true_a unicorn_n horn_n or_o no_o 2_o it_o be_v credible_a that_o it_o can_v be_v drive_v so_o far_o by_o the_o tide_n be_v of_o such_o a_o nature_n that_o it_o can_v swim_v 3_o the_o tide_n run_v to_o and_o fro_o will_v have_v drive_v it_o as_o far_o back_o with_o the_o ebb_n as_o it_o bring_v it_o forward_o with_o the_o flood_n 4_o the_o horn_n which_o be_v cast_v on_o this_o coast_n may_v be_v the_o horn_n of_o a_o asinus_fw-la indicuâ—_fw-la which_o have_v but_o one_o horn_n like_o a_o unicorn_n in_o his_o forehead_n whereof_o there_o be_v great_a plenty_n in_o all_o the_o north_n part_n as_o in_o lappia_n norvegia_n finmarke_n as_o zeigler_n testify_v in_o his_o history_n of_o scandia_n 5_o last_o there_o be_v a_o fish_n which_o have_v a_o horn_n in_o his_o sore-head_n câ—lled_v the_o sea_n unicorn_n whereof_o martin_n frobisher_n find_v one_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o newfoundland_n and_o give_v it_o to_o queen_n elizabeth_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v put_v into_o her_o wardrobe_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v the_o same_o which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n to_o be_v see_v at_o windsor_n castle_n i_o can_v tell_v the_o three_o and_o strong_a reason_n which_o be_v urge_v for_o the_o north-east_n passage_n be_v this_o that_o there_o be_v a_o continual_a current_n through_o the_o freeze_a sea_n of_o such_o swiftness_n that_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v throw_v into_o the_o water_n it_o will_v present_o be_v carry_v out_o of_o sight_n to_o this_o we_o may_v easy_o answer_v that_o this_o strong_a current_n be_v not_o maintain_v by_o any_o tide_n come_v from_o another_o sea_n but_o by_o diverse_a great_a river_n fall_v into_o this_o straight_a in_o like_a sort_n we_o find_v a_o strong_a current_n from_o maeotis_n palus_n by_o pontus_n euxinus_n sinus_n bosphorus_n and_o along_o all_o the_o coast_n of_o greci_fw-la as_o contarenus_n and_o diverse_a other_o affirm_v out_o of_o their_o own_o experience_n and_o yet_o the_o sea_n lie_v not_o open_a to_o any_o other_o sea_n but_o be_v maintain_v by_o tanais_n and_o diverse_a other_o river_n so_o in_o this_o north-east_n part_n may_v this_o current_n of_o water_n be_v maintain_v by_o the_o river_n duâ—â—a_n ob_fw-la and_o many_o other_o which_o continual_o fall_v into_o it_o hitherto_o have_v we_o treat_v of_o other_o passage_n either_o effect_v or_o attempt_v to_o cathay_n and_o the_o east_n indies_n the_o last_o and_o most_o desire_a and_o seek_v in_o our_o time_n be_v that_o by_o the_o north_n west_n this_o way_n have_v be_v often_o attempt_v as_o by_o cabot_n davis_n frobisher_n hudson_n sr_n thomas_n button_n and_o
but_o also_o themselves_o practise_v such_o commerce_n as_o well_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n as_o the_o increase_n of_o their_o particular_a estate_n two_o memorable_a example_n we_o have_v in_o henry_n the_o three_o king_n of_o england_n and_o laurence_n de_fw-fr medici_n duke_n of_o florence_n whereof_o the_o former_a give_v many_o and_o large_a privilege_n to_o all_o the_o hance_n town_n in_o his_o kingdom_n which_o be_v in_o number_n about_o 27_o the_o other_o himself_o for_o his_o own_o private_a commodity_n exercise_v the_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n yet_o be_v this_o man_n most_o ingenious_a and_o a_o great_a lover_n of_o learned_a men._n chap._n ix_o of_o pedography_n rivers_n lake_n and_o fountain_n in_o the_o earth_n 1_o we_o have_v former_o treat_v of_o hydrographie_n or_o the_o description_n of_o the_o water_n now_o be_v we_o by_o god_n assistance_n to_o proceed_v on_o to_o pedographie_n which_o be_v a_o description_n of_o the_o firm_a earth_n or_o dry-land_n 2_o the_o land_n be_v a_o space_n contain_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o earth_n distinguish_v from_o the_o water_n the_o earth_n in_o this_o place_n be_v not_o take_v as_o in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o geography_n for_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a sphere_n compose_v of_o earth_n and_o water_n neither_o yet_o as_o it_o be_v usual_o take_v in_o natural_a philosophy_n for_o a_o absolute_a elementary_a body_n who_o cause_n and_o affection_n be_v to_o be_v search_v out_o but_o topographical_o for_o a_o place_n or_o habitable_a space_n on_o the_o dry-land_n this_o dry-land_n distinguish_v from_o the_o water_n by_o its_o firmness_n and_o constancy_n be_v noâ—_n subject_a as_o the_o water_n to_o motion_n and_o inconstancy_n be_v therefore_o if_o we_o believe_v the_o poet_n call_v vestâ—_n according_a to_o that_o verse_n stat_n viterra_fw-la suâ_fw-la vi_fw-la stando_fw-la vesta_n voco_fw-la neither_o want_v this_o fable_n of_o vesta_n a_o sufficient_a moral_n first_o because_o vesta_n be_v feign_a to_o be_v a_o keeper_n and_o protector_n of_o their_o house_n which_o may_v very_o well_o agree_v to_o the_o earth_n which_o not_o only_o sustain_v and_o bear_v up_o all_o building_n and_o house_n but_o also_o afford_v all_o commodity_n and_o fruit_n wherewith_o household_n be_v maintain_v second_o vesta_n be_v feign_v to_o be_v the_o goddess_n to_o who_o the_o first_o fruit_n be_v offer_v in_o sacrifice_n which_o may_v well_o square_a with_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o which_o all_o fruit_n be_v original_o derive_v and_o therefore_o as_o it_o be_v of_o due_a ought_v all_o first_o fruit_n to_o be_v consecrate_v to_o her_o altar_n two_o other_o parallel_n betwixt_o the_o goddess_n vesta_n be_v add_v by_o natalis_n come_v first_o because_o plutarch_n show_v in_o his_o symposiack_n that_o the_o table_n of_o the_o ancient_n dedicate_v to_o vesta_n be_v make_v round_o in_o form_n and_o fashion_n of_o the_o earth_n second_o because_o the_o seat_n of_o vesta_n be_v imagine_v to_o be_v in_o the_o liquid_a air_n immovable_a and_o not_o subject_a to_o motion_n which_o well_o agree_v with_o the_o common_a conceive_a opinion_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o these_o two_o rather_o express_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a sphere_n then_o of_o the_o land_n divide_v from_o the_o water_n this_o description_n of_o the_o dry-land_n separate_v from_o the_o water_n we_o have_v term_v pedographieâ—_n because_o the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d common_o derive_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o foot_n signify_v as_o much_o as_o a_o firm_a place_n whereon_o man_n may_v have_v sure_a foot_n to_o which_o be_v consonant_a the_o hebrew_n word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o seem_v most_o probable_o derive_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o terere_fw-la to_o wear_v out_o or_o waste_v because_o the_o earth_n be_v daily_o tread_v and_o wear_v with_o our_o foot_n the_o propriety_n of_o the_o earth_n appertain_v to_o a_o cosmographer_n be_v many_o and_o various_a wherefore_o to_o avoid_v confusion_n we_o have_v divide_v they_o into_o these_o head_n 3_o the_o adjunct_n of_o a_o place_n in_o the_o land_n be_v either_o natural_a or_o civil_a the_o natural_a be_v such_o as_o be_v in_o breed_v in_o the_o earth_n 4_o the_o natural_a may_v be_v again_o divide_v into_o perpetual_a or_o casual_a perpetual_a be_v such_o as_o always_o or_o most_o ordinary_o continue_v the_o same_o 5_o the_o perpetual_a propriety_n be_v again_o twofold_a either_o absolute_a or_o comparative_a the_o absolute_a i_o call_v such_o as_o agree_v to_o the_o land_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o sea_n 6_o of_o the_o former_a sort_n be_v such_o as_o belong_v to_o the_o figurature_n of_o the_o soil_n wherein_o three_o thing_n be_v most_o remarkable_a 1_o river_n fountain_n and_o lake_n 2_o mountain_n valley_n and_o plain_n 3_o wood_n and_o champion_n country_n 7_o a_o river_n be_v a_o perpetual_a course_n of_o water_n from_o a_o certain_a head_n or_o fountain_n run_v from_o a_o high_a to_o a_o low_a place_n on_o the_o earth_n river_n be_v by_o some_o geographer_n more_o curious_o distinguish_v into_o 2_o sort_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v settle_v or_o stay_v river_n which_o slide_v away_o with_o a_o more_o equal_a and_o uniform_a course_n the_o late_a be_v call_v torrent_n or_o stickle_a water_n which_o be_v carry_v with_o a_o far_o great_a violence_n in_o a_o river_n three_o thing_n be_v chief_o remarkable_a first_o the_o fountain_n or_o spring_n second_o whirlpool_n three_o the_o mouth_n of_o it_o the_o spring_n be_v the_o place_n where_o at_o first_o the_o water_n sensible_o break_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n as_o nilus_n in_o africa_n be_v think_v to_o have_v his_o first_o head_n at_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o moon_n a_o whirlpool_n be_v a_o place_n in_o a_o river_n where_o the_o water_n fall_v into_o a_o deep_a trench_n be_v whirl_v &_o teurn_v round_a the_o mouth_n be_v the_o place_n where_o any_o river_n find_v a_o passage_n our_o either_o into_o the_o sea_n or_o into_o another_o great_a river_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v term_v ostium_fw-la or_o a_o gate_n whence_o they_o call_v septem_fw-la ostia_fw-la nili_n which_o be_v seven_o mouth_n by_o which_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o mediterranean_a this_o give_v the_o name_n to_o many_o city_n and_o town_n in_o england_n as_o plymouth_n darâ—mouth_n portsmouth_n axmouth_n with_o many_o other_o now_o for_o as_o much_o as_o all_o water_n be_v by_o nature_n heavy_a and_o therefore_o covet_v the_o low_a place_n the_o course_n of_o all_o river_n must_v needs_o be_v from_o a_o high_a to_o a_o low_a place_n whence_o we_o may_v guess_v the_o height_n of_o land_n for_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o for_o every_o mile_n wherein_o the_o water_n glide_v forward_o on_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v make_v a_o allowance_n of_o 2_o foot_n at_o least_o in_o the_o declivity_n of_o the_o ground_n for_o although_o water_n will_v slide_v away_o at_o any_o inequality_n yet_o can_v not_o the_o water_n be_v wholesome_a and_o retain_v any_o reasonable_a swiftness_n of_o motion_n without_o this_o allowance_n hence_o we_o may_v probable_o find_v out_o the_o huge_a height_n of_o the_o alps_n about_o all_o the_o place_n in_o europe_n because_o out_o of_o they_o spring_v four_o great_a river_n which_o run_v four_o way_n whereof_o the_o two_o great_a be_v the_o danow_n which_o receive_v into_o it_o 60_o navigable_a river_n and_o so_o disburthen_n itself_o into_o the_o euxine_a sea_n far_o remote_a and_o the_o rhine_n of_o lake_n and_o river_n many_o memorable_a matter_n may_v be_v speak_v all_o which_o we_o will_v reduce_v to_o these_o head_n 1_o their_o generation_n and_o first_o original_a 2_o their_o appearance_n 3_o their_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n 4_o their_o virtue_n and_o effect_n all_o which_o we_o will_v comprehend_v in_o these_o theorem_n follow_v 1_o all_o river_n have_v their_o first_o original_n from_o the_o sea_n the_o mother_n of_o rivers_n the_o original_n of_o fountain_n and_o river_n on_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a difficulty_n and_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v not_o yet_o find_v out_o of_o our_o great_a philosopher_n yet_o be_v willing_a to_o go_v as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v i_o will_v glance_v at_o probability_n and_o first_o set_v down_o other_o man_n opinion_n some_o have_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v hide_v certain_a vast_a concavity_n and_o cavern_n which_o receive_v into_o they_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o rainwater_n have_v give_v original_a to_o lake_n and_o fountain_n hence_o they_o give_v the_o reason_n why_o these_o fountain_n be_v perpetual_a because_o the_o rainwater_n receive_v into_o these_o cavern_n be_v extraordinary_a great_a be_v sufficient_a to_o nourish_v such_o spring_n of_o water_n until_o the_o
next_o winter_n whence_o come_v a_o new_a supply_n of_o more_o rain_n these_o river_n say_v they_o in_o the_o summer_n decrease_v and_o sometime_o be_v dry_a because_o of_o the_o defect_n of_o wâ—ter_n when_o the_o place_n be_v not_o great_a enough_o to_o receive_v sufficient_a water_n for_o the_o whole_a year_n this_o opinion_n seem_v ground_v on_o these_o reason_n first_o because_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o river_n and_o fountain_n be_v great_a and_o large_a in_o summer_n then_o in_o winter_n second_o because_o where_o there_o be_v less_o rain_n few_o or_o no_o river_n be_v see_v as_o in_o the_o desert_n of_o ethiopia_n and_o africa_n few_o or_o no_o river_n be_v find_v but_o in_o germany_n france_n britain_n and_o italy_n many_o river_n show_v themselves_o because_o they_o abound_v in_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n and_o much_o fall_n of_o rain_n three_o among_o we_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n in_o a_o hot_a and_o dry_a summer_n they_o be_v much_o decrease_v from_o their_o ordinary_a greatness_n or_o altogether_o dry_v up_o which_o be_v a_o great_a probability_n that_o their_o original_n be_v from_o rain_n this_o opinion_n if_o it_o be_v only_o understand_v of_o some_o river_n may_v be_v probable_a because_o some_o current_n out_o of_o doubt_n take_v their_o original_n from_o great_a shower_n or_o snow_n as_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o alps_n and_o other_o such_o place_n where_o the_o snow_n daily_o melt_v and_o feed_v they_o but_o if_o it_o be_v general_o understand_v of_o all_o river_n it_o be_v manifest_o false_a as_o may_v appear_v by_o these_o reason_n first_o because_o the_o earth_n no_o where_o drink_v up_o the_o rain_n far_o than_o ten_o foot_n deep_a in_o the_o soil_n for_o the_o high_a superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v either_o dry_a and_o so_o easy_o drink_v up_o and_o consume_v the_o water_n within_o that_o space_n or_o else_o be_v already_o moist_a it_o receive_v it_o not_o at_o all_o but_o expel_v it_o by_o river_n and_o channel_n second_o some_o mountain_n not_o cover_v with_o earth_n but_o consist_v of_o hard_a rock_n notwithstanding_o send_v forth_o great_a store_n of_o spring_n and_o fountain_n which_o water_n can_v not_o be_v receive_v in_o through_o a_o hard_a rocky_a substance_n three_o because_o in_o very_o dry_a place_n certain_a pit_n be_v dig_v down_o into_o the_o ground_n 2_o hundred_o or_o three_o hundred_o foot_n deep_a will_v discover_v many_o great_a stream_n of_o water_n which_o can_v not_o be_v from_o the_o receit_n of_o rain_n four_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v that_o so_o much_o rain_n can_v in_o a_o winter_n fall_v into_o one_o place_n beside_o that_o which_o the_o drought_n of_o the_o earth_n consume_v to_o nourish_v so_o mighty_a and_o great_a river_n in_o the_o earth_n as_o be_v river_n run_v in_o a_o perpetual_a course_n five_o all_o river_n almost_o take_v their_o original_n from_o some_o mountain_n or_o other_o as_o danubius_n from_o the_o alps_n and_o nilus_n from_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o moon_n in_o africa_n which_o place_n be_v extraordinary_a high_a be_v more_o unapt_a to_o receive_v water_n than_o low_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o reason_n that_o they_o allege_v for_o their_o opinion_n it_o be_v not_o hard_a to_o answer_v that_o river_n shall_v be_v great_a in_o winter_n thâ—_n in_o the_o summer_n the_o cause_n may_v be_v better_o give_v because_o more_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n fall_v into_o the_o brink_n from_o external_a râ—ine_n or_o snow_n in_o winter_n then_o in_o summer_n and_o the_o ground_n be_v moist_a be_v able_a to_o drink_v less_o then_o at_o other_o time_n which_o be_v also_o the_o reason_n why_o in_o hot_a and_o dry_a country_n there_o be_v not_o such_o plenty_n of_o rivers_n for_o we_o deny_v not_o but_o fountain_n may_v sometime_o be_v increase_v and_o sometime_o diminish_v by_o addition_n of_o rainwater_n but_o that_o any_o such_o vast_a concavity_n shall_v be_v under_o ground_n as_o the_o receptacle_n of_o so_o much_o rain_n and_o shall_v nourish_v so_o many_o and_o so_o great_a current_n the_o second_o opinion_n be_v of_o those_o who_o think_v that_o the_o original_n of_o all_o river_n and_o fountain_n be_v from_o the_o sea_n which_o conceit_n have_v be_v strong_o fortify_v by_o many_o father_n of_o the_o church_n and_o grave_a divine_n of_o late_a time_n which_o opinion_n be_v chief_o ground_v upon_o these_o reason_n first_o because_o it_o seem_v a_o most_o incredible_a matter_n that_o so_o much_o vaporous_a matter_n shall_v be_v engender_v under_o the_o earth_n to_o feed_v such_o a_o perpetual_a course_n of_o water_n second_o if_o all_o river_n shall_v not_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o sea_n no_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v why_o so_o many_o river_n daily_o empty_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n the_o sea_n shall_v not_o increase_v but_o continue_v in_o the_o same_o quantity_n three_o to_o this_o purpose_n they_o urge_v the_o place_n of_o eccles._n 1_o all_o river_n run_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o yet_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o full_a to_o the_o place_n whence_o they_o come_v they_o return_v that_o they_o may_v flow_v again_o but_o this_o opinion_n seem_v to_o be_v shake_v with_o a_o great_a difficulty_n for_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o conceive_v how_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o nature_n heavy_a &_o low_a than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o have_v demonstrate_v shall_v ascend_v into_o high_a mountain_n out_o of_o which_o we_o find_v spring_n of_o water_n oftentimes_o to_o arise_v for_o either_o it_o must_v ascend_v natural_o or_o by_o violence_n not_o natural_o for_o the_o foresay_a cause_n because_o it_o be_v a_o heavy_a body_n if_o violent_o they_o must_v assign_v some_o external_a agent_n which_o enforce_v it_o to_o this_o violence_n this_o difficulty_n diverse_a author_n have_v labour_v diverse_a way_n to_o salve_v some_o among_o who_o the_o chief_a be_v theodoret_n have_v flee_v to_o a_o supernatural_a cause_n in_o god_n providence_n as_o though_o the_o water_n in_o its_o own_o nature_n heavy_a shall_v be_v notwithstanding_o enforce_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n but_o this_o opinion_n seem_v very_o improbable_a because_o although_o we_o can_v deny_v god_n miraculous_a and_o extraordinary_a work_n in_o some_o thing_n yet_o all_o man_n have_v suppose_v this_o to_o be_v confine_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o nature_n and_o very_o strange_a it_o be_v to_o imagine_v that_o almighty_a god_n in_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o nature_n shall_v impose_v a_o perpetual_a violence_n upon_o nature_n other_o as_o basill_n have_v think_v that_o the_o sea-water_n be_v drive_v upward_o towards_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n by_o reason_n of_o certain_a â—_z enclose_v in_o it_o mare_n as_o he_o say_v fluitans_fw-la &_o permeans_fw-la per_fw-la cuniculos_fw-la fistularet_n &_o angustos_fw-la â—ox_fw-la ubi_fw-la obliquis_fw-la aut_fw-la certe_fw-la recta_fw-la in_o sublime_a surrectis_fw-la excursibus_fw-la se_fw-la occupatum_fw-la deprehenderit_fw-la ab_fw-la agitante_fw-la compulsum_fw-la spiritu_fw-la superficie_fw-la terrâ—_n vi_fw-la disrupta_fw-la erumpit_fw-la atque_fw-la for_o as_o emicat_fw-la the_o same_o opinion_n almost_o in_o every_o respect_n be_v ascribe_v to_o plato_n in_o phedone_n and_o pliny_n 2_o book_n .65_o chap._n quo_fw-la inquit_fw-la spiritu_fw-la actu_fw-la &_o terrâ—_n pondere_fw-la expressa_fw-la siphonum_fw-la modo_fw-la eâ—â—cat_fw-la tantâ—que_fw-la a_o periculo_fw-la decidendi_fw-la abest_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o summa_fw-la quoque_fw-la et_fw-la â—â—tissima_fw-la exiliat_fw-la qua_fw-la ratione_fw-la manifestum_fw-la est_fw-la quare_fw-la tot_fw-la fâ—uâ—inum_fw-la quotidiâ—nâ—_n accessu_fw-la maria_fw-la non_fw-la crescant_fw-la but_o this_o exposition_n will_v hardly_o satisfy_v he_o who_o desire_v to_o search_v far_o than_o obscurity_n of_o word_n for_o first_o by_o admit_v spirit_n as_o mover_n of_o the_o water_n they_o seem_v to_o fall_v into_o a_o platonic_a opinion_n before_o examine_v of_o we_o concern_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o sea-water_n second_o i_o will_v demand_v whether_o such_o spirit_n in_o the_o water_n to_o which_o they_o ascribe_v this_o motion_n be_v natural_a agent_n or_o supernatural_a or_o violent_a they_o can_v be_v natural_a agent_n for_o asmuch_o as_o they_o be_v suppose_v to_o drive_v and_o enforce_v the_o water_n against_o his_o own_o nature_n for_o by_o nature_n as_o all_o man_n know_v it_o be_v apt_a to_o descend_v whereas_o here_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o ascend_v by_o reason_n of_o such_o spirit_n they_o can_v be_v violent_a agent_n because_o they_o be_v perpetual_a whereas_o no_o violent_a thing_n can_v be_v perpetual_a thomas_n aquinas_n be_v desirous_a to_o show_v how_o much_o fountain_n can_v ascend_v out_o of_o the_o sea-water_n vary_v in_o opinion_n from_o the_o former_a and_o imagine_v that_o the_o fountain_n and_o river-water_n be_v draw_v upward_o through_o the_o force_n of_o celestial_a body_n for_o the_o common_a good_a
mountain_n out_o of_o which_o such_o spring_n arise_v can_v be_v capable_a of_o so_o great_a a_o concavity_n neither_o can_v it_o otherwise_o be_v imagine_v but_o that_o many_o great_a river_n since_o the_o beginning_n have_v either_o be_v absolute_o dry_v up_o or_o at_o least_o diminish_v in_o their_o quantity_n their_o cistern_n be_v daily_o more_o and_o more_o empty_v out_o into_o their_o channel_n if_o they_o grant_v that_o of_o this_o water_n a_o fresh_a supply_n be_v make_v it_o must_v be_v either_o from_o the_o sea_n or_o from_o vapour_n in_o the_o earth_n it_o can_v be_v from_o the_o sea_n because_o as_o we_o have_v prove_v before_o the_o sea_n be_v low_a than_o the_o fountain_n where_o spring_n break_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n forasmuch_o as_o we_o see_v they_o run_v to_o the_o sea_n from_o their_o fountain_n as_o from_o a_o high_a to_o a_o low_a place_n that_o this_o supply_n of_o water_n in_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v make_v by_o vapour_n it_o be_v also_o improbable_a in_o their_o opinion_n who_o can_v imagine_v so_o many_o engender_v in_o one_o place_n as_o to_o feed_v so_o great_a current_n as_o also_o because_o many_o river_n be_v apparent_a in_o the_o first_o creation_n as_o the_o four_o great_a current_n of_o paradise_n this_o objection_n have_v so_o far_o drive_v the_o jesuit_n to_o their_o shift_n as_o that_o they_o have_v be_v enforce_v to_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o opinion_n of_o thomas_n aquinas_n who_o dream_v that_o the_o water_n be_v enforce_v upwards_n by_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o heaven_n which_o they_o a_o little_a before_o â—ast_v by_o and_o we_o have_v before_o sufficient_o refute_v and_o whereas_o in_o the_o subsequent_a clause_n they_o labour_v to_o salve_v this_o place_n of_o ecclesiastes_n that_o all_o river_n come_v from_o the_o sea_n and_o return_v thither_o again_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o leave_v their_o old_a ground_n and_o â—unne_v back_o to_o aristotle_n who_o hold_v that_o all_o river_n have_v their_o original_n from_o vapour_n draw_v up_o by_o the_o sun_n whereof_o the_o sea_n be_v the_o chief_a mother_n it_o will_v be_v expect_v at_o least_o that_o we_o shall_v disclose_v our_o own_o opinion_n have_v censure_v the_o former_a which_o we_o will_v brief_o do_v as_o near_o as_o probability_n can_v lead_v we_o submit_v also_o to_o those_o which_o be_v more_o judicious_a first_o therefore_o we_o will_v suppose_v as_o probable_a that_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n compass_v round_o about_o with_o water_n for_o howsoever_o the_o place_n more_o eminent_a and_o separate_v for_o our_o habitation_n be_v dry_a land_n yet_o not_o far_o under_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n whereon_o we_o tread_v be_v the_o earth_n sprinkle_v round_o with_o water_n for_o which_o we_o may_v draw_v a_o argument_n aswell_o from_o the_o porous_a and_o spungy_a nature_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v apt_a to_o drink_v in_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o same_o height_n because_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o water_n to_o diffuse_v itself_o abroad_o as_o also_o from_o experience_n of_o minor_n and_o such_o as_o dig_v deep_a into_o the_o earth_n who_o in_o most_o part_n find_v water_n 2_o this_o water_n so_o environ_v the_o earth_n be_v it_o leave_v to_o its_o own_o natural_a situation_n without_o a_o external_a agent_n will_v lift_v his_o superficies_n no_o high_o than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n because_o be_v as_o one_o with_o the_o sea_n it_o will_v challenge_v the_o same_o spherical_a superficies_n now_o to_o know_v how_o the_o water_n thus_o natural_o settle_v be_v notwihtstand_v lift_v up_o high_a to_o become_v the_o source_n of_o spring_n we_o must_v understand_v that_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v not_o only_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n pierce_a farte_n under_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o the_o circle_n we_o have_v allot_v to_o the_o water_n but_o also_o to_o subterranean_a fire_n hide_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o many_o place_n which_o be_v cause_v by_o sulphurous_a matter_n set_v on_o fire_n by_o the_o sun_n or_o some_o other_o accident_n whether_o this_o sulphurous_a matter_n be_v pure_a brimstone_n or_o bitumen_n or_o a_o mine_n of_o sea-coal_n as_o some_o have_v think_v of_o our_o baâ—hâ—s_n in_o england_n i_o will_v not_o curious_o here_o dispute_v be_v of_o itself_o too_o large_a a_o subject_n for_o i_o in_o this_o place_n to_o handle_v this_o heat_n may_v be_v conceive_v to_o concur_v to_o the_o production_n of_o fountain_n 2_o manner_n of_o way_n first_o by_o draw_v up_o diverse_a moist_a vapour_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o thickness_n and_o solidity_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o present_o evaporate_v out_o of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v enforce_v to_o disperse_v themselves_o through_o diverse_a crooked_a passage_n where_o condensated_a by_o cold_a distil_v again_o into_o drop_n of_o water_n they_o break_v out_o through_o some_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o become_v a_o fountain_n a_o second_o way_n which_o may_v also_o seem_v probable_a be_v that_o the_o heat_n pierce_v the_o subterranean_a water_n though_o not_o able_a to_o dissolve_v much_o of_o it_o into_o vapour_n for_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v notwithstanding_o through_o his_o heat_n rarify_v and_o attenuate_v these_o water_n these_o water_n then_o rarify_v must_v needs_o seek_v a_o great_a place_n wherein_o they_o may_v be_v contain_v since_o rarefaction_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o extension_n of_o a_o body_n to_o a_o great_a place_n than_o before_o it_o occupy_v hence_o be_v the_o water_n enforce_v to_o enlarge_v his_o limit_n this_o enlargement_n or_o the_o place_n can_v be_v downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n because_o all_o that_o place_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v fill_v up_o as_o far_o as_o the_o earth_n can_v drink_v it_o wherefore_o it_o must_v needs_o extend_v its_o limit_n sidewise_o or_o upward_o by_o the_o former_a of_o which_o it_o may_v find_v a_o passage_n to_o break_v forth_o on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ground_n by_o the_o latter_a it_o may_v be_v lift_v high_a enough_o to_o run_v from_o the_o side_n of_o a_o high_a mountain_n towards_o the_o seashore_n if_o any_o man_n shall_v ask_v why_o this_o rarefaction_n &_o swell_a of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o so_o sensible_a in_o the_o open_a ocean_n i_o answer_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v also_o much_o rarify_v &_o lift_v up_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o sun_n heat_n which_o whether_o it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o ebb_v and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n in_o part_n we_o have_v before_o dispute_v second_o that_o the_o sea-water_n shall_v not_o rise_v so_o high_a as_o other_o water_n under_o the_o ground_n these_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v first_o that_o the_o ocean_n have_v a_o large_a channel_n to_o run_v abroad_o on_o either_o side_n and_o so_o this_o swell_a must_v of_o necessity_n become_v more_o insensible_a whereas_o the_o water_n in_o cavern_n &_o concavity_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v oftentimes_o straight_o bound_v on_o either_o side_n by_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o channel_n must_v of_o necessity_n take_v up_o the_o more_o in_o height_n and_o eminency_n 2_o the_o sun_n heavenly_a body_n and_o subterranean_a fire_n work_v more_o strong_o and_o effectual_o on_o the_o open_a nakedness_n of_o the_o sea_n then_o on_o the_o water_n hide_v under_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v more_o shroud_v from_o such_o a_o extreme_a heat_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o many_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v dissolve_v into_o vapour_n and_o so_o consume_v and_o dispel_v by_o the_o same_o whereas_o this_o heat_n in_o the_o subterranean_a water_n be_v more_o moderate_o impress_v do_v not_o dissolve_v into_o vapour_n and_o consume_v so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o water_n but_o be_v of_o a_o middle_a temper_n rather_o rarefy_v it_o to_o the_o use_n forename_a this_o seem_v the_o more_o probable_a because_o spring_v water_n rise_v common_o in_o the_o side_n of_o mountain_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n thin_a than_o the_o sea-water_n as_o experience_n daily_a warrant_n three_o the_o subterranean_a vapour_n be_v soon_o dissolve_v into_o drop_n of_o water_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o cold_a they_o must_v necessary_o meet_v within_o their_o passage_n through_o the_o earth_n whereas_o the_o other_o from_o the_o sea_n meet_v with_o no_o such_o encounter_n till_o they_o arrive_v at_o the_o middle-region_n of_o the_o air_n whence_o they_o return_v again_o in_o shower_n of_o rain_n 2_o all_o river_n and_o fountain_n be_v not_o from_o the_o beginning_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o this_o assertion_n many_o history_n may_v be_v produce_v it_o be_v report_v that_o in_o caria_n near_o about_o the_o city_n lorus_n there_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n
sudden_o a_o great_a flood_n of_o water_n bring_v out_o with_o it_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o creature_n and_o fish_n of_o which_o be_v fat_v under_o the_o earth_n whosoever_o chance_v to_o eat_v die_v present_o the_o like_a be_v report_v that_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o mithridatick_a war_n at_o a_o certain_a city_n of_o phrygia_n name_v apamea_n there_o spring_v up_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n many_o new_a lake_n fountain_n brook_n and_o that_o one_o river_n spring_v up_o very_a salt_n which_o bring_v up_o with_o it_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o oyster_n and_o other_o sea-fish_n although_o the_o city_n apamea_n be_v very_o far_o off_o from_o the_o sea_n this_o be_v report_v by_o nicolaus_n damascene_fw-la also_o cardinal_n contarenus_n testify_v in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o element_n that_o in_o a_o clear_a day_n be_v in_o valentia_n in_o spain_n there_o happen_v a_o very_a great_a inundation_n of_o water_n break_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v carry_v towards_o the_o city_n have_v well_o near_o turn_v it_o into_o the_o sea_n have_v not_o the_o gate_n be_v shut_v and_o dam_n well_o order_v why_o this_o sudden_a change_n shall_v sometime_o happen_v many_o reason_n may_v be_v produce_v the_o first_o reason_n may_v be_v because_o of_o some_o sudden_a ruin_n or_o fall_v down_o of_o some_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n whereby_o the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n be_v one_o way_n stop_v must_v needs_o seek_v out_o a_o passage_n some_o other_o way_n this_o sometime_o happen_v in_o great_a earthquake_n as_o we_o may_v read_v in_o theophrastus_n that_o in_o the_o mountain_n coricus_n after_o a_o earthquake_n many_o new_a spring_n and_o fountain_n discover_v themselves_o another_o reason_n not_o much_o unlike_o the_o former_a be_v give_v from_o the_o hardness_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o oftentimes_o stop_v and_o hinder_v the_o natural_a course_n of_o the_o water_n enforce_v it_o to_o seek_v a_o new_a passage_n hence_o the_o foresay_a theophrastus_n be_v induce_v to_o believe_v that_o in_o a_o city_n of_o crete_n the_o fountain_n be_v stop_v up_o because_o the_o inhabitant_n betake_v themselves_o to_o another_o place_n so_o that_o the_o soil_n be_v not_o so_o much_o shake_v and_o move_v as_o before_o a_o three_o reason_n may_v be_v the_o waste_n or_o cut_v down_o of_o great_a wood_n on_o the_o earth_n for_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o plant_n to_o suck_v to_o themselves_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o ground_n into_o one_o place_n but_o these_o tree_n cut_v down_o or_o remove_v the_o water_n course_n must_v needs_o be_v alter_v 3_o many_o river_n be_v for_o a_o great_a space_n of_o land_n swallow_v up_o of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o some_o after_o a_o certain_a distance_n rise_v again_o this_o be_v confirm_v by_o many_o historical_a instance_n as_o of_o the_o river_n timanus_fw-la in_o the_o province_n of_o aquilia_n of_o erasenus_fw-la in_o argolica_fw-la padus_n in_o the_o alps_n more_o remarkable_a be_v that_o of_o the_o river_n guadiava_fw-fr in_o spain_n which_o run_v under_o the_o ground_n for_o the_o space_n of_o 13_o league_n and_o near_o to_o a_o town_n call_v villa_n horta_n break_v up_o again_o the_o like_a be_v record_v of_o eurotaâ—_n in_o arcadia_n which_o be_v say_v to_o break_v forth_o of_o the_o ground_n in_o the_o province_n of_o lacedamon_n so_o cadmus_n asia_n be_v swallow_v up_o in_o a_o hole_n of_o the_o ground_n not_o far_o from_o laodicea_n so_o pirate_n in_o catonia_n licus_n in_o libanon_n orontes_n in_o syria_n other_o river_n be_v think_v to_o have_v find_v a_o secret_a passage_n under_o the_o sea_n from_o one_o region_n to_o another_o as_o a_o river_n have_v his_o fountain_n in_o the_o mountain_n meiaâ—es_v which_o be_v convey_v in_o a_o blind_a channel_n under_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o sea_n come_v forth_o again_o at_o the_o port_n of_o pâ—normus_n so_o other_o report_n of_o alpheus_n which_o be_v drown_v underground_o near_o the_o peloponnesian_a shore_n take_v a_o large_a 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earth_n but_o of_o certain_a great_a lake_n into_o which_o they_o fall_v as_o jordan_n of_o the_o lake_n asphaltites_n some_o lake_n again_o have_v swallow_v up_o river_n as_o it_o be_v vomit_v they_o forth_o again_o as_o rubresius_fw-la cast_v out_o araâ—e_a in_o the_o province_n of_o narbon_n and_o so_o lemanus_n the_o river_n rhodanus_n in_o the_o same_o province_n also_o in_o italy_n lorus_n cast_v out_o abdua_n eupilus_fw-la lambre_n fucinus_n marcia_n 4_o river_n for_o the_o most_o part_n rise_v out_o of_o great_a mountain_n and_o at_o last_o by_o diverse_a or_o one_o inlet_n be_v disburden_v into_o the_o sea_n the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v manifest_a enough_o out_o of_o diverse_a instance_n of_o the_o great_a river_n in_o the_o world_n for_o all_o geographer_n will_v give_v you_o to_o understand_v that_o the_o river_n indus_n in_o iâ—dia_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o mountain_n caâ—casus_n tanais_n from_o the_o riphaean_a mountain_n in_o sarmaâ—ia_n araxis_fw-la from_o panardes_n in_o armenia_n po_n from_o the_o vesusian_a hill_n in_o liguria_n danubius_n from_o arnobia_n in_o germany_n exesus_fw-la in_o norico_fw-la from_o the_o mountain_n elachia_n isara_n from_o the_o ridge_n of_o the_o alps_n towards_o france_n and_o durias_n towards_o italy_n from_o thence_o so_o from_o the_o herminian_n mountain_n in_o portugal_n be_v derive_v three_o great_a river_n so_o nilus_n in_o africa_n from_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o moon_n these_o river_n thus_o rise_v be_v of_o diverse_a kind_n for_o some_o have_v visible_a apparent_a spring_n and_o fountain_n other_o be_v derive_v from_o lake_n out_o of_o which_o they_o run_v as_o alba_n in_o prusia_n out_o of_o elbinga_n medoarus_fw-la &_o oxus_n out_o of_o two_o lake_n of_o the_o same_o name_n near_o the_o alps_n rindacus_n from_o artinia_n a_o pool_n beside_o melitopolis_n the_o reason_n why_o river_n shall_v be_v engender_v in_o mountain_n and_o such_o high_a place_n may_v be_v give_v 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show_v fall_n into_o the_o sea_n yet_o not_o all_o in_o one_o &_o the_o selfsame_o fashion_n if_o we_o respect_v their_o passage_n on_o the_o land_n for_o some_o be_v carry_v into_o the_o sea_n by_o one_o oâ—tium_fw-la or_o mouth_n whereof_o we_o have_v two_o notable_a example_n the_o first_o of_o a_o great_a river_n in_o brasill_n call_v rio_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plate_n which_o be_v carry_v into_o the_o sea_n by_o a_o mouth_n of_o 40_o league_n with_o such_o violence_n that_o the_o mariner_n may_v â—hence_o draw_v fresh_a water_n before_o they_o come_v within_o sight_n of_o land_n the_o other_o not_o much_o unlike_a be_v that_o which_o run_v by_o the_o kingdom_n of_o congo_n &_o angolo_n which_o be_v six_o and_o thirty_o thousand_o pace_n broad_a where_o it_o enter_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o be_v carry_v with_o such_o a_o force_n that_o it_o sever_v the_o
as_o often_o it_o do_v to_o be_v set_v on_o fire_n for_o have_v water_n near_o it_o it_o may_v soon_o be_v quench_v whereas_o many_o little_a spring_n can_v afford_v so_o much_o water_n as_o will_v suffice_v for_o such_o a_o purpose_n last_o among_o other_o reason_n we_o can_v forget_v the_o pleasantness_n of_o fair_a river_n which_o be_v no_o small_a ornament_n to_o a_o city_n and_o delight_n to_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n 8_o thus_o much_o for_o river_n a_o lake_n be_v a_o collection_n of_o perpetual_a water_n nourish_v with_o fresh_a spring_n and_o have_v of_o itself_o no_o passage_n forth_o in_o this_o definition_n of_o a_o lake_n we_o have_v comprise_v these_o three_o thing_n first_o that_o it_o be_v a_o collection_n of_o constant_a and_o perpetual_a water_n second_o that_o it_o be_v continual_o feed_v &_o cherish_v with_o fresh_a spring_n rise_v up_o from_o the_o bottom_n three_o that_o it_o find_v no_o passage_n forth_o into_o the_o sea_n or_o otherwise_o by_o the_o 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be_v understand_v of_o a_o passage_n forth_o immediate_o by_o itself_o or_o mediate_o by_o some_o river_n whereas_o we_o have_v say_v that_o it_o find_v no_o entrance_n into_o the_o sea_n we_o ought_v to_o understand_v it_o that_o immediate_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v account_v a_o continuate_a part_n conjoin_v with_o the_o sea_n nevertheless_o it_o may_v be_v disburden_v into_o the_o sea_n by_o some_o river_n run_v out_o of_o it_o as_o some_o will_v have_v the_o great_a river_n tanais_n not_o to_o have_v his_o head_n or_o fountain_n in_o the_o riphaean_a mountain_n as_o the_o ancient_n have_v teach_v but_o in_o a_o certain_a lake_n not_o faâ—re_v from_o the_o city_n tulla_n so_o volga_n &_o edill_n draw_v their_o original_n from_o a_o lake_n not_o far_o from_o moscow_n with_o many_o other_o of_o like_a nature_n what_o to_o think_v of_o the_o subterranean_a intercourse_n betwixt_o lake_n and_o the_o sea_n we_o will_v show_v in_o this_o theorem_a 1_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o most_o lake_n have_v some_o secret_a intercourse_n with_o the_o sea_n under_o ground_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o this_o point_n there_o want_v not_o reason_n the_o first_o reason_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n in_o most_o lake_n which_o be_v find_v without_o any_o great_a sensible_a difference_n to_o remain_v the_o same_o without_o any_o diminution_n or_o increase_n whereas_o if_o the_o water_n bind_v in_o with_o these_o limit_n shall_v have_v no_o passage_n out_o any_o way_n it_o shall_v increase_v to_o such_o greatness_n that_o it_o will_v easy_o overwhelm_v the_o bank_n to_o give_v a_o few_o instance_n we_o find_v that_o diverse_a very_o vast_a river_n exhaust_v themselves_o into_o the_o caspian_a lake_n as_o volga_n and_o edill_n which_o receive_v into_o they_o many_o notable_a river_n be_v at_o last_v themselves_o swallow_v up_o in_o the_o say_a lake_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o lake_n of_o palestine_n call_v the_o dead_a sea_n be_v know_v to_o receive_v into_o it_o beside_o diverse_a lesser_a river_n the_o great_a and_o famous_a river_n jordan_n here_o will_v i_o demand_v whether_o these_o great_a river_n perpetual_o cast_v themselves_o into_o a_o lake_n give_v a_o increase_n to_o the_o former_a quantity_n or_o not_o if_o they_o shall_v augment_v the_o water_n they_o will_v by_o consequence_n alter_v the_o bound_n but_o this_o be_v contradict_v by_o experience_n if_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n suffer_v no_o increase_n it_o must_v needs_o follow_v then_o that_o the_o water_n shall_v some_o other_o way_n be_v diminish_v as_o it_o be_v here_o increase_v this_o must_v either_o be_v by_o the_o sun_n draw_v up_o some_o part_n of_o it_o by_o vapour_n or_o by_o some_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n drink_v up_o some_o part_n of_o it_o or_o last_o by_o a_o subterranean_a passage_n into_o the_o sea_n concern_v the_o former_a it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o much_o water_n be_v draw_v up_o into_o vapour_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n yet_o that_o these_o vapour_n countervail_v the_o water_n perpetual_o bring_v in_o be_v in_o my_o conceit_n very_o improbable_a for_o against_o this_o quantity_n of_o water_n extract_v out_o this_o way_n of_o evaporation_n i_o will_v oppose_v these_o three_o thing_n which_o shall_v persuade_v a_o reasonable_a man_n that_o the_o water_n receive_v in_o shall_v far_o surpass_v the_o vapour_n exhale_v from_o it_o first_o that_o the_o vapour_n be_v stir_v up_o in_o the_o day_n time_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v lift_v above_o the_o horizon_n at_o such_o a_o height_n that_o his_o heat_n be_v somewhat_o strengthen_v whereas_o all_o these_o watery_a current_n never_o intermit_a their_o usual_a course_n never_o cease_v to_o run_v by_o day_n or_o night_n wherein_o be_v see_v a_o double_a advantage_n of_o the_o river_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o watery_a exhalation_n second_o of_o these_o watery_a vapour_n so_o draw_v out_o a_o great_a part_n must_v at_o diverse_a time_n return_v back_o or_o at_o least_o so_o much_o otherwise_o by_o rainy_a shower_n drop_v down_o into_o this_o lake_n three_o these_o watery_a part_n thus_o rarify_v and_o attenuate_v in_o vapour_n shall_v put_v this_o supposition_n in_o equality_n diffuse_v themselves_o abroad_o in_o such_o extraordinary_a manner_n that_o all_o the_o region_n round_o about_o shall_v in_o all_o likelihood_n suffer_v a_o great_a inconueniency_n of_o foggy_a exhalation_n on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v very_o unlikely_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v receive_v into_o empty_a cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n without_o passage_n into_o the_o sea_n or_o some_o great_a river_n disburthen_v itself_o thereunto_o for_o i_o will_v demand_v whether_o these_o cavern_n be_v ever_o fill_v with_o water_n or_o not_o if_o they_o have_v be_v fill_v how_o can_v they_o receive_v more_o water_n since_o the_o fill_n of_o any_o place_n suppose_v it_o to_o be_v first_o empty_a that_o they_o be_v never_o yet_o fill_v with_o water_n be_v far_o more_o unreasonable_a that_o any_o man_n shall_v imagine_v any_o caverne_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v so_o vast_a with_o so_o great_a current_n of_o water_n perpetual_o run_v in_o almost_o six_o thousand_o year_n shall_v not_o replenish_v especial_o consider_v the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n not_o far_o from_o the_o upper_a face_n to_o be_v every_o where_o spread_v with_o water_n round_o which_o may_v also_o help_v to_o this_o purpose_n wherefore_o it_o can_v well_o be_v imagine_v but_o that_o every_o such_o great_a lake_n have_v some_o vent_n or_o passage_n unto_o the_o sea_n either_o by_o some_o secret_a &_o subterranean_a channel_n or_o at_o least_o by_o some_o great_a river_n issue_v out_o of_o it_o and_o so_o run_v into_o the_o ocean_n another_o reason_n may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o current_n of_o some_o sea_n which_o be_v by_o good_a reason_n ascribe_v to_o this_o cause_n for_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o skilful_a navigatour_n that_o the_o water_n be_v carry_v by_o a_o very_a stiff_a course_n from_o propontis_n and_o the_o black_a sea_n into_o the_o aegaean_a and_o from_o thence_o into_o the_o mediterranean_a the_o original_n of_o which_o current_a mâ—y_n with_o good_a conjecture_n be_v find_v out_o in_o the_o caspian_a which_o by_o some_o secret_a passage_n under_o ground_n disburthen_v itself_o into_o the_o black_a sea_n cause_v it_o to_o enforce_v his_o own_o water_n far_o of_o for_o the_o receipt_n of_o the_o other_o three_o that_o these_o subterranean_a passage_n be_v not_o unlikely_a may_v be_v confirm_v by_o many_o river_n which_o be_v swallow_v up_o some_o whole_o some_o for_o â—ome_v place_n only_o of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v before_o also_o it_o may_v seem_v likely_a by_o the_o water_n spread_v round_o about_o the_o earth_n which_o through_o the_o bowel_n of_o it_o find_v a_o passage_n from_o the_o sea_n bear_v as_o
it_o seem_v the_o same_o level_n this_o may_v for_o aught_o we_o know_v be_v the_o original_n of_o all_o lake_n and_o this_o also_o may_v be_v a_o way_n or_o mean_n whereby_o they_o empty_a and_o disburden_v themselves_o be_v overcharge_v with_o too_o much_o water_n chap._n x._o of_o mountain_n valley_n plain_a region_n wood_n and_o champion_n country_n 1_o the_o second_o variation_n in_o the_o figurature_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v express_v in_o mountain_n valley_n and_o plain_a country_n a_o mountain_n be_v a_o quantity_n of_o earth_n heap_v above_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o land_n a_o valley_n be_v the_o depth_n of_o the_o earth_n between_o two_o mountain_n a_o plain_a be_v a_o space_n of_o earth_n where_o there_o be_v find_v no_o notable_a rise_n or_o fall_v of_o the_o ground_n the_o distinction_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o its_o external_a figurature_n into_o mountain_n valley_n and_o plain_n be_v very_o natural_a because_o every_o space_n or_o parcel_n of_o 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account_v in_o caesar_n time_n 500_o mile_n over_o now_o scarce_o 50._o the_o other_o of_o sylva_n hyrcinia_n which_o heretofore_o if_o we_o believe_v history_n reach_v so_o far_o as_o a_o man_n can_v travail_v in_o 60_o day_n but_o now_o be_v make_v the_o only_a limit_n or_o bind_v divide_v bohemia_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o germany_n the_o like_a may_v be_v observe_v almost_o of_o every_o other_o country_n reduce_v to_o civility_n 2_o place_n moderate_o situate_v towards_o the_o north_n or_o south_n pole_n abound_v more_o in_o wood_n then_o near_o the_o equatour_n this_o situation_n we_o understand_v to_o comprehend_v almost_o all_o the_o temperate_a zone_n reach_v either_o way_n so_o far_o as_o 60_o degree_n or_o there_o about_o the_o demonstration_n of_o this_o theorem_a depend_v of_o these_o two_o foment_n of_o all_o plant_n heat_v and_o moisture_n both_o which_o concur_v not_o only_o to_o the_o abundance_n and_o fertility_n but_o also_o to_o the_o greatness_n of_o all_o plant_n 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chief_a place_n for_o the_o growth_n of_o wood_n to_o be_v towards_o the_o north_n so_o far_o as_o 60_o degree_n or_o thereabouts_o we_o can_v warrant_v this_o as_o a_o absolute_a general_a observation_n because_o some_o place_n lie_v very_o low_a and_o subject_a to_o much_o moisture_n though_o situate_v more_o southerly_a may_v enjoy_v this_o proportion_n as_o we_o have_v former_o show_v of_o tree_n near_o the_o river_n hiarotis_n record_v by_o strabo_n to_o have_v their_o noon_n shadow_n of_o 5_o furlong_n as_o also_o of_o certain_a tree_n in_o america_n near_o rivo_n negro_n wherein_o as_o peter_n martyr_n write_v a_o king_n dwell_v with_o all_o his_o family_n but_o these_o place_n howsoever_o situate_a towards_o the_o south_n be_v as_o geographer_n deliver_v unto_o we_o most_o time_n of_o the_o year_n overwhelm_v with_o water_n consist_v all_o of_o marish_a
thou_o have_v thou_o be_v honour_v by_o my_o sacred_a breath_n amongst_o rude_a arcadian_n thus_o to_o beg_v a_o death_n what_o great_a glory_n can_v thy_o ash_n have_v then_o in_o my_o flowery_a grove_n to_o dig_v thy_o grave_n although_o the_o least_o among_o my_o learned_a son_n thy_o fortune_n tell_v thou_o that_o i_o love_v thou_o once_o and_o so_o do_v still_o although_o my_o hapless_a bays_n teach_v thy_o despair_n to_o spin_v out_o careless_a day_n and_o to_o compose_v thy_o discontent_a head_n to_o slumber_v soft_o on_o the_o muse_n bed_n be_v rule_v by_o i_o my_o poor_a yet_o love_v son_n trust_v not_o their_o smile_n who_o wrong_n have_v thou_o undo_v thy_o fair_a hope_n ground_v on_o thy_o place_n of_o birth_n will_v fly_v in_o atom_n or_o consume_v in_o earth_n before_o within_o that_o hemisphere_n of_o thou_o thy_o devons_a sun_n on_o thou_o shall_v ever_o shine_v then_o trust_v unto_o my_o bounty_n turn_v thy_o sight_n from_o thy_o dark_a confine_n to_o my_o golden_a light_n all_o thy_o endowment_n owe_v to_o my_o womb_n return_v they_o back_o and_o there_o erect_v thy_o tomb_n if_o no_o maecenas_n crown_v thou_o with_o his_o ray_n teach_v thy_o content_n to_o sleep_v out_o quiet_a day_n let_v contemplation_n with_o transpiercing_a eye_n mount_v thou_o a_o pitch_n beyond_o the_o starry_a sky_n and_o there_o present_v thou_o that_o eternal_a glass_n wherein_o the_o greatness_n of_o this_o wondrous_a mass_n shrink_v to_o a_o aâ—ome_n where_o my_o astrolube_n shall_v show_v thou_o star_n beyond_o thy_o paint_a globe_n where_o thou_o aloft_o as_o from_o a_o mountain_n steep_a shall_v see_v the_o great_a man_n like_o ant_n to_o creep_v thy_o day_n shall_v minister_v thou_o choice_a theme_n which_o night_n shall_v render_v in_o delicious_a dream_n and_o thy_o severe_a philosophy_n the_o while_n in_o amorous_a kind_n shall_v court_v thou_o with_o her_o smile_n or_o if_o thy_o nature_n with_o constraint_n descend_v below_o she_o own_o delight_n to_o practic_a end_n rise_v with_o my_o morning_n phoebus_n slight_a the_o west_n till_o furrow_a age_n invite_v thou_o to_o rest_n and_o then_o perchance_o thy_o earth_n which_o seldom_o give_v thou_o air_n to_o breath_n will_v lend_v thy_o corpse_n a_o grave_n soon_o the_o last_o trumpet_n will_v be_v hear_v to_o sound_v and_o of_o thy_o load_n ease_n the_o deâ—oâ—ian_a ground_n mean_a time_n if_o any_o gentle_a swain_n come_v by_o to_o view_v the_o marble_n where_o thy_o ash_n lie_v he_o may_v upon_o that_o stone_n in_o few_o year_n engrave_v a_o â—â—iâ—â—ph_n with_o fret_a tear_n then_o make_v man_n freeze_a heart_n with_o all_o his_o cry_n drink_v in_o a_o drop_n from_o his_o distil_a eye_n yet_o will_v i_o promise_v thy_o neglect_a bone_n a_o firm_a monument_n then_o speachles_a stone_n and_o when_o i_o pinâ—_n with_o age_n and_o wit_n with_o rust_n seraphic_a angel_n shall_v dreserue_v thy_o dust_n and_o all_o good_a man_n acknowledge_v shall_v with_o i_o thou_o love_v thy_o country_n when_o she_o hate_v thou_o this_o strange_a reproof_n of_o a_o indulgent_a mother_n i_o can_v not_o entertain_v without_o passion_n in_o so_o much_o as_o without_o fear_n or_o wit_n i_o adventure_v in_o this_o sort_n to_o answer_v she_o in_o her_o own_o language_n ad_fw-la matrem_fw-la academiam_fw-la 〈…〉_z have_v my_o former_a year_n so_o much_o 〈…〉_z on_o thy_o hate_n or_o these_o my_o tear_n thus_o to_o divorce_v i_o from_o my_o place_n of_o birth_n to_o be_v a_o stranger_n to_o my_o native_a earth_n will_v thou_o expose_v he_o on_o thy_o common_a stage_n to_o strive_v and_o struggle_v in_o a_o iron_n age_n who_o low_a ambition_n never_o learn_v of_o thou_o the_o curious_a art_n of_o thrive_a policy_n thy_o golden_a tongue_n from_o which_o my_o young_a day_n suck_v the_o sweet_a music_n of_o thy_o learned_a lay_n be_v better_o teach_v thy_o office_n then_o my_o fate_n to_o make_v i_o thou_o yet_o most_o unfortunate_a why_o be_v i_o foster_v in_o thy_o learned_a school_n to_o study_v with_o for_o the_o reward_n of_o fool_n that_o while_o i_o sit_v to_o heâ—re_v the_o muse_n sing_v the_o winter_n sudden_o ore-took_a my_o spring_n have_v i_o so_o play_v the_o truant_n with_o my_o hour_n or_o with_o base_a riot_n stain_v thy_o sacred_a bower_n or_o as_o a_o viper_n do_v i_o ever_o strive_v to_o gnaw_v a_o passage_n through_o thy_o womb_n to_o thrive_v to_o pluck_v i_o thus_o from_o devons_a breast_n to_o try_v what_o thou_o can_v do_v when_o as_o thy_o dug_n be_v dry_a when_o my_o short_a thread_n of_o life_n be_v almost_o spin_a thou_o bidd_v i_o rise_v up_o with_o thy_o morning_n sun_n and_o like_o a_o heliotrope_n adore_v the_o east_n when_o my_o care-hastened_n age_n arrive_v at_o west_n can_v i_o encounter_v as_o i_o once_o do_v hope_n the_o god_n of_o learning_n in_o the_o horoscope_n my_o phâ—buâ—_n will_v auspicious_a look_n incline_v on_o my_o hard_a fate_n and_o discontent_n to_o shine_v now_o lodge_v in_o a_o luckless_a house_n reject_v my_o former_a suit_n and_o frown_n with_o sad_a aspect_n have_v i_o be_v bear_v when_o that_o eternal_a hand_n wrap_v the_o infant_n world_n in_o her_o first_o swaddle_a band_n before_o philosophy_n be_v teach_v the_o way_n to_o rock_v the_o cradle_n in_o which_o nature_n lie_v my_o learning_n have_v be_v husbandry_n my_o birth_n have_v owe_v no_o toll_n but_o to_o the_o virgin_n earth_n noâ—_n haâ—_n i_o court_v for_o these_o thiâ—â—y_a year_n thy_o seven_o proud_a minion_n with_o officious_a tear_n to_o live_v have_v be_v my_o industry_n no_o tongue_n have_v tax_v thy_o honour_n guilty_a of_o my_o wrong_n have_v i_o be_v shepherd_n on_o our_o western_a plain_n i_o may_v have_v sing_v among_o those_o happy_a swain_n some_o shepherdess_n hear_v my_o melody_n may_v have_v be_v charm_v kind_a as_o charity_n and_o teach_v i_o those_o sad_a minute_n to_o reprieve_v which_o i_o have_v lose_v in_o study_v how_o to_o thrive_v have_v i_o adueture_v on_o the_o brinish_a foam_n and_o swear_v myself_o a_o stranger_n to_o my_o home_n till_o time_n the_o harvest_n reap_v my_o youth_n do_v owe_v and_o age_n winter_n have_v spend_v all_o her_o snow_n upon_o my_o hair_n what_o worser_o can_v i_o have_v then_o lose_v thy_o frown_n to_o find_v a_o wish_a grave_n the_o scythian_a hew_v from_o caucasus_n will_v ask_v â—efore_o my_o slaughter_n why_o a_o needle_n task_n of_o travail_n i_o shall_v undertake_v to_o see_v their_o country_n bound_n and_o my_o sad_a misery_n but_o hear_v my_o harsh_a bondage_n under_o thou_o will_v thy_o unkindness_n hate_n and_o piâ—ty_n i_o to_o see_v thy_o child_n far_o sever_v from_o thy_o womb_n the_o cannibal_n will_v make_v himself_o my_o tomb_n and_o till_o his_o own_o be_v spend_v preserve_v my_o dust_n in_o his_o dear_a urn_n which_o thou_o have_v slight_o lose_v can_v thou_o neglect_v see_v his_o age_n to_o freeze_v who_o youth_n thou_o dandl'_v on_o indulgent_a knee_n the_o foul_a aspersion_n on_o my_o devon_n throw_v thou_o may_v in_o right_v acknowledge_v for_o thy_o own_o only_a this_o difference_n to_o man_n want_v worth_a they_o sell_v preferment_n and_o thou_o send_v they_o forth_o can_v thou_o be_v bribe_v to_o honour_v with_o a_o kiss_n thy_o guild_a folly_n which_o deserve_v the_o hiss_n if_o thy_o fox_v want_n and_o flattery_n conspire_v to_o sell_v thy_o scarlet_n to_o a_o worthless_a squire_n or_o grace_n with_o minivere_a some_o proselyte_n who_o never_o know_v art_n or_o read_v the_o stagirite_n yet_o shall_v thy_o hand_n be_v frugal_a to_o preserve_v that_o stock_n for_o want_n of_o which_o thy_o son_n may_v starve_v have_v i_o serve_v out_o three_o prenticeship_n yet_o find_v thy_o trade_n inferior_a to_o the_o humble_a mind_n and_o that_o outstrip_v by_o unthrift_n which_o be_v send_v free_a with_o indenture_n ere_o their_o year_n be_v spend_v then_o cease_v you_o sister_n of_o the_o thespian_a spring_n thalia_n burn_v thy_o book_n and_o break_v thy_o string_n and_o mother_n make_v thyself_o a_o second_o tomb_n for_o all_o thy_o offspring_n and_o so_o shut_v thy_o womb_n accuse_v not_o my_o just_a anger_n but_o the_o cause_n nature_n may_v urge_v but_o fury_n scorn_v her_o law_n i_o fawn_v too_o long_o on_o justice_n sith_o that_o fail_v storm_v indignation_n and_o blow_n up_o my_o sail_n ingenious_a choler_n arm_v with_o scorpion_n sting_n which_o whippe_v on_o peasant_n and_o command_v king_n and_o give_v each_o milky_a soul_n a_o pen_n to_o write_v though_o all_o the_o world_n turn_v a_o parasite_n o_o temper_n my_o brain_n thy_o bitterness_n infuse_v descend_v and_o dictate_v to_o my_o angry_a muse._n o_o pardon_v mother_n something_a check_n my_o spleen_n and_o from_o thy_o face_n take_v off_o my_o angry_a teen_n revolt_a nature_n by_o the_o same_o degree_n go_v and_o return_n beg_v
the_o last_o of_o the_o parallel_n there_o will_v be_v one_o only_a equinoxe_n &_o that_o in_o the_o solstice_n in_o a_o oblique_a sphere_n in_o all_o other_o part_n of_o the_o year_n the_o day_n will_v either_o be_v long_o or_o else_o short_a than_o the_o night_n but_o if_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v seat_v within_o the_o parallel_n in_o the_o point_n n_o there_o will_v be_v two_o equinox_n in_o a_o year_n wherein_o the_o space_n of_o day_n and_o night_n shall_v increase_v and_o decrease_v nevertheless_o these_o increment_n &_o decrement_n shall_v neither_o in_o number_n nor_o in_o greatness_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o increment_n and_o decrement_n of_o the_o night_n as_o may_v be_v gather_v very_o easy_o by_o sense_n compare_v the_o two_o triangle_n dng_v and_o qnk_v because_o that_o more_o and_o great_a segment_n of_o parallel_n be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o triangle_n lnk_v then_o in_o the_o triangle_n png._n four_o if_o the_o earth_n shall_v unequal_o respect_v the_o pole_n and_o be_v not_o place_v in_o the_o centre_n the_o shadow_n of_o gnomon_n erect_v which_o make_v right_a angle_n with_o the_o horizon_n shall_v not_o be_v cast_v direct_o forward_o in_o one_o right_a line_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o equinox_n the_o sun_n exact_o place_v in_o the_o east_n or_o west_n as_o for_o example_n let_v the_o earth_n be_v a_o seat_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n bc_n and_o let_v there_o be_v a_o gnomon_n erect_v on_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o horizon_n which_o be_v represent_v by_o the_o circle_n bc_n it_o be_v manifest_a to_o sense_n that_o the_o sun_n set_v in_o c_o the_o shadow_n will_v be_v cast_v in_o the_o opposite_a part_n towards_o b._n likewise_o the_o sun_n rise_v in_o b_o will_v cast_v his_o shadow_n towards_o c._n but_o ac_fw-la and_o ab_fw-la concur_v in_o one_o right_a line_n which_o plain_o demonstrat_n unto_o we_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a but_o if_o it_o be_v 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