for_o our_o very_a subsistence_n one_o will_v think_v that_o this_o consideration_n be_v a_o sufficient_a argument_n to_o make_v we_o believe_v that_o mountain_n be_v not_o great_a ruin_n or_o the_o rubbish_n of_o a_o break_a world_n but_o that_o they_o have_v be_v place_v upon_o the_o earth_n at_o the_o creation_n with_o a_o design_n that_o they_o may_v serve_v the_o antediluvian_n world_n with_o the_o same_o advantage_n and_o use_n they_o afford_v we_o in_o the_o present_a one._n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o they_o have_v rivers_n and_o spring_n as_o well_o as_o we_o which_o they_o can_v not_o have_v in_o a_o smooth_a earth_n where_o there_o be_v no_o mountain_n in_o which_o rivers_n be_v to_o have_v their_o origine_fw-la no_o upper_a and_o high_a ground_n from_o which_o the_o water_n be_v to_o descend_v on_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n instead_o of_o answer_v the_o argument_n he_o make_v a_o long_a declamation_n against_o i_o for_o assert_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o live_v without_o rock_n and_o mountain_n he_o accuse_v i_o for_o confine_v the_o divine_a omnipotence_n and_o omniscience_n to_o one_o single_a mode_n or_o fabric_n of_o a_o world_n and_o of_o think_v all_o the_o planet_n cast_v in_o the_o same_o mould_n who_o sâ—ys_o he_o ever_o observe_v mountain_n and_o rock_n in_o jupiter_n or_o in_o the_o remain_v of_o saturn_n i_o answer_v who_o but_o those_o that_o have_v observe_v man_n or_o other_o animal_n there_o that_o must_v have_v water_n and_o rivers_n as_o thing_n necessary_a for_o their_o sustenance_n though_o the_o defender_n be_v very_o eloquent_a and_o witty_a on_o this_o subject_a quote_v virgil_n and_o cicero_n and_o complain_v much_o of_o the_o narrowness_n of_o some_o man_n soul_n yet_o i_o think_v i_o can_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o this_o assertion_n as_o i_o deliver_v it_o be_v no_o limitation_n of_o either_o the_o divine_a omniscience_n or_o omnipotence_n none_o ever_o doubt_v but_o that_o god_n almighty_n can_v make_v 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ten_o time_n further_o from_o the_o sun_n than_o we_o must_v have_v a_o hundred_o time_n less_o of_o his_o influence_n and_o the_o distance_n of_o mercury_n from_o the_o sun_n be_v but_o one_o three_o part_n of_o our_o distance_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n upon_o that_o planet_n must_v be_v nine_o time_n great_a than_o it_o be_v upon_o we_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n upon_o any_o subject_n be_v always_o reciprocal_a to_o the_o square_n of_o its_o distance_n both_o which_o extreme_n be_v by_o far_o too_o great_a to_o be_v endure_v by_o creature_n of_o our_o texture_n and_o frame_n of_o part_n and_o therefore_o we_o may_v right_o conclude_v that_o whether_o they_o be_v mountainous_a and_o rocky_a or_o have_v their_o surface_n smooth_a and_o even_a yet_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v habitable_a by_o we_o or_o creature_n of_o our_o constitution_n though_o yet_o we_o know_v not_o but_o there_o may_v be_v some_o sort_n of_o inhabitant_n in_o these_o planet_n who_o frame_n and_o temper_n will_v suit_v with_o the_o nature_n and_o position_n of_o their_o respective_a dwelling_n thus_o we_o general_o account_v the_o place_n that_o be_v near_o either_o of_o the_o pole_n uninhabitable_a because_o no_o man_n can_v dwell_v there_o though_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o bear_v and_o several_a other_o animal_n who_o nature_n agree_v best_a with_o such_o a_o climate_n live_v in_o these_o place_n and_o perhaps_o if_o ever_o the_o theorist_n earth_n have_v exi_v out_o of_o his_o own_o imagination_n it_o may_v have_v be_v furnish_v with_o some_o sort_n of_o inhabitant_n though_o it_o have_v be_v natural_o impossible_a for_o man_n to_o have_v subsist_v there_o it_o be_v somewhat_o hard_a that_o a_o man_n can_v dissent_v from_o the_o theorist_n and_o his_o opinion_n without_o be_v tax_v for_o narrowness_n of_o spirit_n but_o whatever_o the_o defender_n may_v imagine_v i_o be_o sure_a there_o be_v some_o who_o esteem_v it_o as_o a_o sign_n of_o a_o weak_a and_o narrow_a spirit_n to_o believe_v easy_o any_o hypothesis_n without_o sufficient_a evidence_n of_o its_o be_v true_a which_o can_v be_v produce_v by_o the_o theorist_n in_o this_o point_n for_o my_o part_n i_o think_v virgil_n shepherd_n who_o the_o defender_n laugh_v at_o for_o not_o let_v his_o imagination_n rove_v to_o fancy_v thing_n he_o have_v never_o either_o hear_v or_o see_v much_o wise_a than_o some_o theorist_n philosopher_n and_o free-thinker_n who_o take_v the_o liberty_n to_o imagine_v and_o believe_v any_o thing_n but_o that_o to_o which_o in_o all_o reason_n they_o ought_v to_o give_v a_o firm_a assent_n after_o a_o long_a declamation_n against_o consign_v the_o variety_n of_o providence_n to_o a_o narrow_a compass_n which_o i_o know_v none_o that_o do_v the_o defender_n assert_n that_o my_o argument_n run_v upon_o impossibility_n which_o he_o say_v be_v a_o nice_a topick_n that_o lie_v much_o out_o of_o our_o reach_n and_o he_o think_v that_o there_o may_v be_v river_n without_o mountain_n notwithstanding_o my_o reason_n all_o that_o i_o can_v say_v to_o this_o be_v that_o if_o he_o will_v not_o be_v convince_v by_o reason_n which_o he_o can_v or_o do_v not_o pretend_v to_o answer_v he_o may_v think_v as_o he_o please_v but_o i_o hope_v he_o will_v allow_v i_o the_o freedom_n to_o dissent_v from_o he_o till_o those_o argument_n be_v answer_v the_o design_n of_o the_o four_o chapter_n be_v to_o show_v the_o inconvenience_n that_o will_v fall_v upon_o the_o earth_n in_o case_n it_o have_v such_o a_o posture_n as_o the_o theorist_n assign_v the_o antediluvian_n world_n namely_o a_o axis_n perpendicular_a to_o the_o plane_n of_o its_o orbit_n to_o this_o chapter_n the_o defender_n make_v some_o general_a answer_n but_o first_o according_a to_o his_o usual_a custom_n put_v a_o question_n viz._n if_o i_o will_v vouch_v that_o there_o be_v no_o habitable_a planet_n in_o the_o universe_n that_o have_v such_o a_o posture_n jupiter_n he_o say_v be_v know_v to_o have_v a_o perpetual_a equinox_n and_o his_o axis_n parallel_v to_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a here_o he_o be_v mistake_v for_o it_o be_v not_o parallel_v to_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a but_o that_o of_o its_o own_o orbit_n mars_n say_v he_o have_v little_a or_o no_o obliquity_n and_o must_v we_o suppose_v that_o these_o planet_n have_v no_o inhabitant_n or_o that_o their_o habitation_n be_v very_o bad_a and_o incommodious_a jupiter_n be_v the_o noble_a planet_n in_o the_o heaven_n whether_o we_o consider_v its_o magnitude_n or_o the_o number_n of_o its_o attendant_n and_o if_o a_o flanet_n of_o that_o order_n and_o dignity_n have_v such_o a_o position_n to_o the_o sun_n why_o may_v not_o our_o earth_n have_v have_v the_o same_o what_o be_v all_o this_o to_o the_o purpose_n be_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o jupiter_n the_o same_o with_o the_o
and_o the_o water_n prevail_v and_o be_v increase_v great_o upon_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o ark_n go_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o water_n vers_fw-la 19_o and_o the_o water_n prevail_v exceed_o upon_o the_o earth_n and_o all_o the_o high_a hill_n that_o be_v under_o the_o whole_a heaven_n be_v cover_v vers_fw-la 20._o fifteen_o cubit_n upward_o do_v the_o water_n prevail_v and_o the_o mountain_n be_v cover_v vers_fw-la 24._o and_o the_o water_n prevail_v upon_o the_o earth_n a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o day_n chap._n 8._o ver_fw-la 1._o and_o god_n make_v a_o wind_n to_o pass_v over_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o water_n assuage_v verss_n 2._o the_o fountain_n also_o of_o the_o deep_a and_o the_o window_n of_o heaven_n be_v stop_v and_o the_o rain_n from_o heaven_n be_v restrain_v vers_fw-la 3._o and_o the_o water_n return_v from_o off_o the_o earth_n continual_o and_o after_o the_o end_n of_o the_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o day_n the_o water_n be_v abate_v ver_fw-la 5._o and_o the_o water_n decrease_v continual_o until_o the_o ten_o month_n in_o the_o ten_o month_n on_o the_o five_o day_n of_o the_o month_n be_v the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n see_v we_o may_v observe_v from_o this_o that_o the_o scripture_n inform_v we_o that_o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v under_o a_o deluge_n at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o the_o water_n increase_v and_o prevail_v gradual_o every_o where_n for_o the_o space_n of_o 150._o day_n that_o all_o the_o high_a hill_n under_o the_o whole_a heaven_n be_v cover_v that_o all_o these_o mountain_n lay_v under_o water_n for_o several_a month_n that_o the_o ark_n swim_v and_o be_v carry_v up_o above_o the_o mountain_n and_o when_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o abate_v it_o rest_v at_o last_o upon_o one_o of_o they_o that_o it_o be_v the_o eight_o month_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o deluge_n when_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n first_o begin_v to_o appear_v till_o which_o time_n they_o lay_v all_o of_o they_o hide_v and_o cover_v with_o water_n now_o in_o the_o theorist_n imaginary_a deluge_n it_o be_v plain_a as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v that_o there_o be_v but_o a_o twenty_o three_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n cover_v with_o water_n at_o the_o same_o time_n it_o be_v also_o evident_a that_o the_o water_n can_v not_o increase_v gradual_o in_o any_o one_o place_n for_o the_o space_n of_o 150._o day_n since_o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v to_o be_v cover_v over_o with_o water_n in_o that_o time_n his_o single_a ocean_n of_o water_n can_v not_o stay_v but_o the_o three_o and_o twenty_o part_n of_o that_o time_n in_o one_o place_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v have_v go_v off_o from_o that_o place_n and_o leave_v it_o dry_v long_o before_o the_o end_n of_o those_o day_n nor_o be_v this_o idea_n of_o a_o deluge_n less_o consistent_a with_o reason_n and_o philosophy_n than_o it_o be_v with_o scripture_n be_v it_o possible_a to_o conceive_v a_o move_a wander_a mountain_n of_o water_n for_o water_n natural_o settle_v its_o self_n into_o a_o surface_n concentrical_a to_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o whatever_o force_n or_o however_o it_o shall_v be_v raise_v into_o a_o heap_n it_o will_v immediate_o spread_v itself_o uniform_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o descend_v by_o whatever_o way_n it_o can_v if_o therefore_o we_o shall_v suppose_v all_o the_o water_n in_o the_o abyss_n draw_v or_o force_v up_o to_o cover_v the_o hill_n of_o any_o one_o place_n it_o will_v immediate_o descend_v and_o form_v itself_o into_o a_o surface_n parallel_v to_o the_o horizon_n and_o so_o spread_v its_o self_n equal_o every_o where_n upon_o the_o valley_n of_o the_o earth_n leave_v the_o mountain_n quite_o uncover_v the_o theorist_n himself_o acknowledge_v that_o a_o mountain_n of_o water_n be_v a_o impossible_a thing_n and_o indeed_o this_o notion_n of_o a_o deluge_n seem_v to_o be_v so_o extravagant_a that_o i_o can_v scarce_o think_v that_o any_o body_n will_v be_v so_o credulous_a as_o to_o believe_v it_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o it_o can_v be_v any_o other_o way_n if_o we_o suppose_v all_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o have_v be_v cover_v with_o a_o ocean_n of_o water_n of_o no_o great_a dimension_n than_o that_o assign_v in_o the_o theory_n which_o can_v cover_v more_o than_o the_o three_o and_o twenty_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n surface_n the_o defender_n in_o vain_a allege_v that_o we_o be_v to_o conceive_v this_o ocean_n as_o a_o mighty_a rush_a sea_n overflow_a and_o sweep_v with_o its_o rage_a wave_n and_o impetuous_a fluctuation_n all_o the_o mountain_n for_o this_o will_v not_o at_o all_o take_v away_o the_o absurdity_n because_o motion_n can_v never_o multiply_v any_o body_n nor_o make_v it_o to_o be_v at_o more_o place_n than_o one_o at_o a_o time_n water_n can_v only_o by_o motion_n be_v in_o many_o place_n successive_o which_o will_v give_v we_o the_o idea_n of_o such_o a_o move_a heap_n or_o mountain_n of_o water_n as_o we_o have_v just_a now_o prove_v impossible_a nor_o be_v this_o notion_n of_o a_o deluge_n agreeable_a to_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o theory_n for_o let_v we_o suppose_v the_o crust_n to_o have_v be_v break_v by_o the_o force_n of_o vapour_n endeavour_v to_o expand_v themselves_o it_o must_v immediate_o fall_v down_o and_o drive_v the_o water_n of_o the_o abyss_n out_o of_o its_o place_n some_o one_o way_n and_o some_o another_o this_o water_n will_v ascend_v with_o a_o very_a considerable_a force_n let_v we_o suppose_v as_o far_o as_o five_o mile_n perpendicular_a height_n after_o which_o it_o will_v descend_v again_o and_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o all_o this_o will_v be_v by_o computation_n in_o much_o less_o time_n than_o one_o day_n these_o water_n have_v acquire_v a_o great_a force_n by_o their_o fall_n will_v descend_v very_o swift_o into_o the_o valley_n and_o cavity_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o leave_v both_o mountain_n and_o upper-ground_n quite_o uncover_v and_o as_o the_o water_n that_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o crust_n can_v cover_v no_o more_o than_o a_o twenty_o three_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n surface_n so_o it_o be_v evident_a it_o can_v remain_v but_o a_o very_a short_a time_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o those_o mountain_n it_o overflow_v whereas_o in_o noah_n deluge_n all_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o earth_n lie_v under_o water_n for_o the_o space_n of_o 150._o day_n thus_o i_o have_v prove_v that_o the_o deluge_n the_o defender_n endeavour_v to_o explain_v be_v neither_o consistent_a with_o the_o holy_a scripture_n true_a reason_n and_o philosophy_n nor_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o theory_n from_o whence_o he_o pretend_v to_o deduce_v it_o of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n though_o what_o the_o theorist_n have_v say_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v one_o of_o his_o gross_a and_o most_o palpable_a error_n and_o though_o there_o be_v a_o positive_a demonstration_n that_o it_o be_v of_o a_o figure_n direct_o contrary_a to_o that_o he_o assign_v yet_o his_o defender_n think_v himself_o oblige_v to_o maintain_v it_o and_o therefore_o spend_v more_o time_n and_o paper_n about_o it_o than_o upon_o any_o other_o point_n he_o be_v not_o content_v with_o what_o have_v be_v say_v by_o several_a mathematician_n and_o philosopher_n of_o the_o present_a age_n upon_o this_o subject_a though_o one_o will_v think_v that_o they_o know_v the_o method_n to_o determine_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n much_o better_a than_o either_o the_o theorist_n or_o himself_o he_o be_v afraid_a that_o they_o will_v give_v it_o against_o he_o and_o therefore_o he_o appeal_v from_o they_o to_o some_o far_a observation_n that_o he_o and_o the_o theorist_n point_v out_o and_o direct_v we_o to_o make_v as_o to_o observe_v for_o instance_n whether_o the_o extent_n of_o a_o degree_n be_v the_o same_o in_o different_a latitude_n or_o whether_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o a_o total_a eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v true_o round_a as_o also_o to_o observe_v if_o towards_o the_o pole_n the_o return_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o their_o horizon_n be_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o a_o spherical_a surface_n of_o the_o earth_n these_o be_v the_o observation_n the_o theorist_n will_v have_v make_v to_o determine_v the_o controversy_n which_o i_o will_v now_o consider_v leave_v the_o defender_n observation_n to_o be_v examine_v in_o a_o proper_a place_n i_o note_v in_o the_o examination_n that_o i_o do_v not_o think_v any_o observation_n that_o can_v be_v make_v upon_o different_a measure_n of_o a_o degree_n in_o different_a latitude_n can_v be_v so_o nice_a and_o exact_a as_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o determine_v the_o point_n in_o controversy_n for_o suppose_v that_o the_o great_a diameter_n of_o the_o
little_o more_o than_o three_o to_o one_o their_o difference_n in_o that_o case_n arise_v only_o from_o the_o more_o direct_a action_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o summer_n than_o in_o winter_n whereas_o in_o the_o present_a case_n our_o summer_n heat_n be_v to_o our_o winter_n heat_n in_o a_o great_a proportion_n than_o that_o of_o seven_o to_o one_o all_o the_o effect_n that_o will_v follow_v from_o this_o attraction_n be_v this_o both_o the_o fluid_a on_o the_o abyss_n and_o the_o central_n solid_a will_v be_v attract_v by_o the_o comet_n but_o the_o fluid_a on_o the_o abyss_n be_v near_a to_o it_o than_o the_o other_o will_v be_v more_o strong_o attract_v and_o because_o the_o solid_a crust_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o firmness_n and_o union_n of_o its_o part_n can_v move_v fast_o to_o the_o comet_n than_o the_o central_n solid_a do_v it_o be_v evident_a from_o thence_o that_o it_o must_v be_v press_v only_o by_o the_o difference_n of_o attraction_n or_o by_o that_o force_n by_o which_o 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disjoin_v plank_n lay_v across_o the_o thames_n that_o may_v as_o well_o be_v suppose_v to_o stop_v the_o tide_n or_o the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n as_o the_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o tide_n of_o the_o abyss_n be_v i_o think_v no_o parallel_n case_n for_o it_o be_v not_o the_o attraction_n of_o the_o moon_n that_o be_v the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o the_o tide_n in_o the_o thames_n but_o it_o arise_v sole_o from_o the_o check_n and_o great_a impulse_n that_o the_o water_n receive_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o which_o they_o be_v drive_v backward_o with_o violence_n and_o be_v make_v to_o ascend_v up_o the_o river_n and_o produce_v tide_n but_o if_o mr._n whiston_n will_v still_o assert_v that_o the_o strata_n or_o subside_v column_n be_v separate_v and_o disjoin_v like_o so_o many_o loose_a plank_n though_o it_o contradict_v what_o he_o have_v say_v in_o another_o place_n 17._o place_n vinlic_n pag._n 17._o yet_o grant_v that_o it_o be_v so_o i_o shall_v from_o thence_o evident_o demonstrate_v that_o there_o can_v no_o water_n arise_v upon_o that_o very_a account_n from_o the_o abyss_n or_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n the_o new_a theory_n suppose_v that_o the_o forty_o day_n rain_v mention_v in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o deluge_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o vast_a quantity_n of_o vapour_n that_o be_v in_o the_o comet_n tail_n which_o be_v very_o much_o rarify_v and_o expanded_a will_v immediate_o mount_v up_o again_o into_o the_o air_n after_o their_o fall_n upon_o the_o earth_n and_o descend_v again_o in_o violent_a and_o outrageous_a ra_n against_o this_o it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o incredible_a velocity_n with_o which_o these_o vapour_n descend_v and_o the_o great_a resistance_n they_o meet_v with_o in_o their_o descent_n through_o the_o air_n together_o with_o the_o force_n by_o which_o they_o fall_v upon_o the_o ground_n must_v of_o necessity_n have_v condense_v they_o into_o 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be_v any_o such_o empty_a space_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o of_o these_o vapour_n but_o must_v meet_v with_o air_n wherever_o it_o move_v in_o our_o atmosphere_n which_o it_o must_v therefore_o force_v out_o of_o its_o way_n and_o because_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o move_v so_o prodigious_o swift_a as_o to_o descend_v 860._o mile_n in_o a_o minute_n the_o resistance_n it_o will_v meet_v with_o from_o every_o particle_n of_o air_n must_v be_v vast_o great_a and_o must_v therefore_o necessary_o condense_a it_o but_o if_o i_o shall_v allow_v he_o that_o these_o vapour_n be_v not_o condense_v in_o their_o descent_n through_o the_o air_n yet_o to_o imagine_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v not_o condense_v when_o they_o fall_v with_o so_o prodigious_a a_o swiftness_n as_o he_o allow_v they_o upon_o the_o earth_n water_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n that_o will_v stop_v their_o motion_n be_v such_o a_o fancy_n as_o need_v no_o confutation_n if_o they_o have_v such_o a_o strange_a velocity_n as_o he_o speak_v of_o they_o must_v penetrate_v and_o destroy_v all_o humane_a and_o other_o animal_n body_n so_o that_o such_o a_o shower_n as_o this_o one_o day_n will_v have_v do_v the_o business_n of_o a_o deluge_n and_o there_o will_v have_v be_v no_o occasion_n for_o other_o thirty_o nine_o day_n rain_v but_o after_o all_o this_o mr._n whiston_n grant_v that_o the_o vapour_n may_v be_v condense_v in_o their_o fall_n but_o yet_o he_o say_v that_o their_o heat_n which_o at_o first_o rarify_v they_o and_o have_v continue_v their_o expansion_n in_o the_o comet_n tail_n will_v immediate_o after_o their_o fall_n rarify_v they_o again_o and_o raise_v they_o into_o new_a vapour_n but_o if_o so_o i_o can_v see_v how_o this_o will_v answer_v the_o account_n that_o moses_n give_v we_o of_o the_o deluge_n for_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o water_n be_v gradual_a and_o produce_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n by_o forty_o day_n rain_v and_o that_o 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raise_v the_o fluid_a from_o the_o abyss_n he_o suppose_v that_o the_o great_a weight_n of_o the_o water_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o crust_n will_v depress_v it_o and_o make_v it_o sink_v deep_a into_o the_o abyss_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v force_n and_o squeeze_v the_o fluid_a through_o the_o fissure_n and_o crack_v of_o the_o earth_n but_o against_o this_o i_o positive_o demonstrate_v that_o no_o pressure_n of_o the_o fluid_a whatsoever_o can_v make_v the_o crust_n sink_v deep_o into_o the_o abyss_n in_o answer_n to_o this_o he_o be_v please_v to_o tell_v i_o that_o my_o demonstration_n suppose_v either_o that_o not_o the_o water_n on_o the_o earth_n but_o in_o the_o fissure_v do_v contribute_v to_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o fluid_a through_o they_o or_o that_o the_o several_a column_n have_v
as_o also_o petrus_n aponeusis_n in_o his_o conciliator_n diff._n have_v these_o word_n cum_fw-la capita_fw-la zodiaci_n mobilis_fw-la &_o immobilis_fw-la ordinate_a &_o directe_v concurrebant_fw-la tum_fw-la virtus_fw-la perfectiori_fw-la modo_fw-la à _fw-la primo_fw-la principio_fw-la per_fw-la medias_fw-la causas_fw-la taliter_fw-la ordinatas_fw-la fortiori_fw-la modo_fw-la imprimebatur_fw-la in_o ista_fw-la inferiora_fw-la cum_fw-la causae_fw-la tunc_fw-la sibi_fw-la inuicem_fw-la correspondebant_fw-la these_o testimony_n i_o own_o do_v sufficient_o convince_v i_o not_o that_o the_o theorist_n position_n of_o the_o primitive_a earth_n be_v the_o true_a one_o but_o that_o the_o defender_n who_o have_v allege_v they_o to_o prove_v his_o point_n do_v not_o understand_v they_o for_o he_o can_v not_o have_v quote_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v less_o to_o his_o purpose_n than_o they_o be_v i_o know_v not_o what_o skill_n this_o author_n have_v in_o the_o new_a astronomy_n but_o i_o be_o sure_a he_o do_v not_o understand_v it_o if_o it_o be_v put_v into_o a_o old_a fashion_n dress_v no_o doubt_v he_o think_v that_o these_o author_n mean_v by_o such_o word_n that_o at_o first_o the_o equator_fw-la and_o ecliptic_a be_v coincident_a when_o they_o never_o dream_v of_o any_o such_o thing_n they_o as_o their_o own_o word_n inform_v we_o suppose_v with_o all_o the_o old_a astronomer_n two_o zodiac_n the_o one_o of_o which_o be_v exact_o place_v under_o the_o other_o and_o the_o uppermost_a be_v immovable_a the_o low_a in_o which_o the_o fix_a star_n be_v place_v move_v exact_o under_o it_o and_o perform_v its_o course_n from_o west_n to_o east_n according_a to_o some_o in_o the_o space_n of_o 25000._o year_n at_o first_o these_o two_o circle_n have_v the_o same_o beginning_n the_o constellation_n aries_n be_v exact_o in_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a of_o the_o same_o name_n and_o the_o constellation_n taurus_n be_v exact_o in_o the_o sign_n taurus_n the_o star_n also_o that_o make_v up_o the_o sigure_n of_o gemini_fw-la be_v exact_o under_o the_o sign_n gemini_fw-la of_o the_o immovable_a zodiac_n and_o so_o in_o the_o rest_n by_o which_o these_o astrological_a gentleman_n think_v that_o both_o their_o force_n be_v unite_v their_o efficacy_n and_o virtue_n upon_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v very_o strong_a but_o now_o that_o the_o movable_a zodiac_n have_v move_v these_o two_o circle_n have_v not_o the_o same_o beginning_n and_o the_o star_n that_o make_v up_o the_o figure_n of_o aries_n be_v not_o in_o the_o sign_n aries_n but_o in_o taurus_n and_o those_o star_n which_o compose_v the_o sign_n of_o taurus_n be_v no_o more_o in_o taurus_n but_o in_o gemini_fw-la so_o the_o star_n of_o gemini_fw-la be_v get_v into_o cancer_n and_o those_o of_o cancer_n into_o leo_n etc._n etc._n as_o may_v plain_o be_v see_v on_o any_o celestial_a globe_n which_o they_o suppose_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o eight_o sphere_n or_o the_o movable_a zodiac_n of_o which_o all_o the_o old_a astronomer_n speak_v who_o if_o he_o please_v he_o may_v consult_v particular_o he_o may_v read_v clavius_n note_n on_o sacrobosco_n de_fw-fr sphaera_fw-la which_o be_v as_o common_a and_o as_o good_a a_o book_n as_o he_o can_v find_v on_o the_o subject_n but_o it_o seem_v the_o defender_n think_v that_o this_o will_v appear_v more_o to_o his_o purpose_n if_o the_o old_a fashion_n disguise_n be_v take_v off_o and_o the_o business_n apply_v to_o the_o true_a system_n of_o the_o heaven_n well_o let_v we_o see_v if_o it_o be_v so_o the_o new_a astronomer_n suppose_v that_o the_o star_n be_v immovable_a and_o that_o the_o earth_n turn_v round_o the_o sun_n so_o that_o its_o axis_n make_v always_o the_o acute_a angle_n of_o 66½°_n with_o the_o plane_n of_o its_o orbit_n if_o this_o axis_n be_v perfect_o direct_v to_o the_o same_o point_n of_o the_o heaven_n or_o move_v always_o precise_o parallel_v to_o its_o self_n than_o the_o fix_a star_n will_v seem_v to_o have_v no_o other_o motion_n but_o the_o diurnal_a but_o because_o the_o earth_n axis_n vary_v a_o little_a from_o a_o exact_a parallelism_n and_o do_v not_o precise_o point_v to_o the_o same_o star_n when_o it_o be_v in_o the_o same_o place_n of_o its_o orbit_n but_o make_v a_o small_a angle_n with_o a_o line_n that_o obtain_v the_o position_n it_o have_v former_o in_o the_o same_o place_n hence_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n or_o the_o common_a section_n of_o the_o equator_fw-la and_o the_o ecliptic_a retrocede_v or_o move_v backward_o from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o the_o astronomer_n call_v the_o precession_n of_o the_o equinox_n by_o which_o the_o fix_a star_n seem_v to_o move_v from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n with_o a_o very_a slow_a motion_n and_o the_o constellation_n aries_n which_o at_o first_o be_v in_o the_o sign_n aries_n have_v now_o get_v into_o taurus_n and_o taurus_n have_v seem_v to_o move_v into_o gemini_fw-la gemini_fw-la into_o cancer_n etc._n etc._n from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o according_a either_o to_o the_o old_a or_o new_a astronomer_n the_o fix_a star_n change_v their_o longitude_n daily_o but_o not_o their_o latitude_n and_o they_o have_v always_o suppose_v that_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o world_n have_v keep_v still_o the_o same_o angle_n with_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a i_o will_v now_o leave_v it_o to_o any_o indifferent_a reader_n or_o even_o to_o the_o theorist_n and_o his_o defender_n to_o judge_v if_o these_o quotation_n signify_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o purpose_n or_o if_o they_o be_v not_o strong_a argument_n against_o the_o theorist_n position_n than_o for_o it_o since_o the_o defender_n have_v advise_v i_o to_o consult_v antiquity_n i_o suppose_v it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o allege_v the_o testimony_n of_o a_o very_a ancient_a philosopher_n who_o authority_n ought_v at_o least_o to_o be_v as_o great_a as_o leucippus_n anaxagoras_n empedocle_n or_o even_o plato_n i_o mean_v the_o divine_o inspire_v moses_n who_o be_v the_o most_o ancient_a writer_n that_o be_v now_o extant_a and_o the_o only_a one_o who_o give_v we_o a_o account_n of_o the_o state_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o primitive_a world_n of_o which_o the_o philosopher_n adduce_v by_o the_o theorist_n be_v altogether_o ignorant_a in_o his_o write_n there_o be_v not_o one_o word_n of_o the_o coincidence_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o the_o equator_fw-la or_o of_o the_o perpetual_a equinox_n and_o spring_n that_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n moses_n suppose_v no_o such_o thing_n but_o rather_o the_o contrary_a for_o in_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o creation_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o god_n say_v let_v there_o be_v light_n in_o the_o firmament_n of_o the_o heaven_n to_o divide_v the_o day_n from_o the_o night_n and_o let_v they_o be_v for_o sign_n and_o for_o season_n and_o for_o day_n and_o for_o year_n from_o this_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o moses_n suppose_v that_o there_o be_v different_a season_n from_o the_o very_a creation_n and_o that_o their_o variety_n proceed_v from_o the_o different_a motion_n of_o the_o heavenly_a body_n and_o more_o particular_o of_o the_o sun_n whereas_o if_o the_o theorist_n hypothesis_n have_v be_v true_a the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n can_v have_v make_v no_o variety_n of_o season_n but_o the_o year_n will_v have_v remain_v with_o the_o same_o face_n and_o tenor_n have_v but_o one_o continue_a season_n thus_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o theorist_n supposition_n in_o this_o matter_n be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o that_o of_o moses_n and_o i_o think_v that_o his_o testimony_n ought_v to_o be_v of_o great_a force_n with_o any_o candid_a reader_n even_o suppose_v that_o he_o have_v no_o divine_a inspiration_n than_o any_o thing_n that_o can_v have_v be_v say_v by_o such_o philosopher_n as_o the_o theorist_n have_v bring_v who_o live_v not_o till_o many_o hundred_o year_n after_o moses_n time_n i_o find_v fault_n with_o the_o theorist_n for_o say_v the_o earth_n be_v incline_v to_o the_o ecliptic_a it_o be_v impossible_a to_o conceive_v how_o a_o sphere_n can_v be_v incline_v to_o a_o plane_n pass_v through_o its_o centre_n as_o the_o ecliptic_a do_v through_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o defender_n endeavour_v to_o excuse_v himself_o in_o this_o matter_n tell_v we_o it_o be_v the_o expression_n of_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n though_o he_o think_v it_o may_v be_v proper_o call_v a_o obliquation_n i_o will_v not_o have_v he_o raise_v a_o scandal_n on_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n without_o good_a ground_n which_o i_o scarce_o believe_v he_o have_v for_o his_o assertion_n yet_o if_o they_o say_v any_o such_o thing_n i_o do_v not_o think_v that_o the_o theorist_n be_v so_o great_a a_o admirer_n of_o the_o old_a philosopher_n that_o in_o complaisance_n to_o they_o he_o will_v
the_o while_o it_o be_v not_o visible_a but_o obscure_v by_o a_o dark_a and_o thick_a atmosphere_n by_o which_o the_o power_n of_o its_o beam_n must_v be_v extreme_o weaken_v in_o answer_n to_o this_o 9_o vindic._n pag._n 9_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o he_o do_v not_o suppose_v that_o all_o the_o water_n that_o be_v in_o the_o sea_n lake_n and_o river_n of_o the_o first_o earth_n make_v above_o the_o thousand_o part_n of_o our_o present_a ocean_n which_o he_o think_v may_v have_v be_v easy_o exhale_v by_o the_o sun_n in_o one_o half_a year_n now_o i_o will_v have_v he_o to_o consider_v this_o objection_n a_o little_a further_o and_o he_o will_v find_v that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o light_a as_o he_o imagine_v it_o be_v he_o know_v that_o there_o must_v be_v a_o certain_a proportion_n betwixt_o land_n and_o sea_n that_o the_o ground_n may_v be_v sufficient_o furnish_v with_o rain_n and_o dew_n for_o the_o quantity_n of_o vapour_n that_o be_v raise_v from_o water_n all_o other_o thing_n be_v alike_o be_v always_o in_o proportion_n to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o if_o the_o surface_n of_o our_o sea_n be_v for_o example_n but_o the_o thousand_o part_n of_o what_o it_o be_v now_o there_o will_v in_o that_o case_n be_v raise_v but_o the_o thousand_o part_n of_o the_o vapour_n from_o it_o that_o be_v at_o present_a raise_v from_o thence_o and_o because_o the_o dry_a land_n by_o such_o a_o supposition_n will_v be_v near_o double_a of_o what_o it_o be_v now_o it_o follow_v from_o thence_o that_o any_o particular_a piece_n of_o ground_n will_v not_o have_v much_o above_o one_o part_n of_o two_o thousand_o of_o the_o rain_n and_o dew_n it_o have_v at_o present_a so_o that_o if_o this_o have_v be_v the_o case_n of_o the_o primitive_a earth_n it_o must_v have_v be_v absolute_o barren_a and_o unfruitful_a but_o if_o that_o can_v be_v allow_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o there_o must_v have_v be_v a_o much_o great_a sea_n there_o to_o make_v it_o habitable_a than_o what_o mr._n whiston_n suppose_v but_o if_o after_o all_o the_o antediluvian_n sea_n have_v be_v form_v only_o by_o the_o raise_n of_o vapour_n by_o the_o sun_n heat_n for_o one_o half_a year_n i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o it_o can_v have_v amount_v to_o the_o ten_o thousand_o part_n of_o our_o present_a ocean_n for_o it_o be_v know_v that_o a_o few_o cloud_n will_v more_o obscure_v the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o by_o consequence_n diminish_v its_o heat_n in_o the_o same_o proportion_n than_o if_o nine_o in_o ten_o part_n of_o its_o disk_n be_v obseur_v by_o a_o eclipse_n however_o i_o will_v only_o suppose_v that_o its_o heat_n be_v but_o just_a as_o much_o diminish_v by_o the_o thick_a atmosphere_n mr._n whiston_n speak_v of_o which_o have_v perfect_o darken_v and_o obscure_v his_o body_n for_o more_o than_o two_o year_n as_o it_o will_v be_v in_o a_o eclipse_n where_o nine_o ten_o part_n of_o its_o disk_n be_v obscure_v and_o then_o the_o number_n of_o ray_n produce_v heat_n in_o any_o part_n be_v but_o a_o ten_o part_n of_o what_o they_o be_v now_o upon_o we_o they_o will_v not_o raise_v above_o a_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o vapour_n that_o can_v be_v raise_v by_o the_o free_a and_o open_a action_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o the_o sun_n when_o it_o now_o act_n upon_o we_o free_o raise_v not_o much_o above_o one_o thousand_o part_n of_o the_o present_a ocean_n into_o vapour_n therefore_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o in_o the_o other_o case_n it_o can_v not_o raise_v much_o above_o the_o ten_o thousand_o part_n of_o the_o present_a ocean_n and_o a_o sea_n only_o form_v from_o those_o vapour_n will_v be_v little_o better_a than_o none_o at_o all_o but_o allow_v it_o possible_a in_o the_o manner_n mr._n whiston_n contend_v for_o allow_v he_o too_o that_o this_o small_a stock_n of_o water_n be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o after_o all_o this_o way_n of_o form_v the_o primitive_a sea_n be_v by_o no_o mean_n agreeable_a to_o the_o account_n give_v we_o by_o moses_n where_o we_o be_v tell_v that_o god_n divide_v the_o water_n which_o be_v under_o the_o firmament_n from_o the_o water_n which_o be_v above_o the_o firmament_n and_o the_o water_n under_o the_o heaven_n he_o gather_v together_o into_o one_o place_n and_o the_o gather_v together_o of_o the_o water_n call_v he_o sea_n but_o mr._n whiston_n tell_v we_o the_o sea_n be_v make_v by_o those_o water_n that_o be_v raise_v into_o vapour_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n that_o be_v according_a to_o his_o interpretation_n by_o the_o water_n above_o the_o firmament_n which_o be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o moses_n account_n who_o say_v it_o be_v make_v by_o the_o gather_n together_o of_o the_o water_n under_o the_o firmament_n it_o must_v be_v strange_a turn_n and_o wrest_v of_o word_n that_o will_v bring_v both_o these_o way_n to_o agree_v beside_o if_o the_o sea_n be_v form_v as_o the_o new_a theory_n say_v it_o be_v the_o dry_a land_n must_v have_v appear_v immediate_o upon_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o vapour_n whereas_o according_a to_o moses_n it_o do_v not_o appear_v till_o after_o the_o formation_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v plain_a then_o that_o this_o theory_n of_o the_o sea_n give_v we_o by_o mr._n whiston_n be_v in_o every_o circumstance_n as_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o holy_a history_n as_o it_o be_v with_o reason_n and_o philosophy_n mr._n whiston_n acknowledge_v that_o my_o reason_n against_o his_o three_o hypothesis_n of_o a_o only_a annual_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n before_o the_o fall_n be_v strong_a and_o forcible_a and_o therefore_o he_o have_v be_v please_v here_o to_o invent_v another_o hypothesis_n to_o support_v the_o former_a by_o which_o he_o hope_v to_o remove_v all_o the_o difficulty_n that_o be_v raise_v against_o it_o viz._n that_o the_o earth_n do_v not_o revolve_v in_o a_o circular_a orbit_n till_o after_o the_o fall_n but_o in_o a_o moderate_a ellipse_n i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v myself_o with_o new_a answer_n as_o often_o as_o he_o think_v fit_a to_o contrive_v new_a hypothesis_n and_o therefore_o will_v only_o give_v this_o reply_n at_o present_a that_o it_o will_v scarce_o be_v allow_v that_o but_o one_o half_a of_o the_o primitive_a earth_n be_v habitable_a before_o the_o fall_n as_o it_o must_v be_v by_o such_o a_o supposition_n we_o know_v the_o more_o hypothesis_n any_o theory_n be_v clog_v with_o the_o more_o precarious_a it_o look_v such_o of_o they_o especial_o as_o do_v not_o natural_o result_v from_o the_o whole_a theory_n but_o be_v only_o introduce_v to_o remove_v some_o urgent_a difficulty_n be_v general_o think_v lest_o of_o all_o to_o deserve_v any_o credit_n one_o of_o the_o great_a beauty_n of_o the_o theory_n be_v that_o assoon_o as_o the_o comet_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o planet_n it_o have_v a_o circle_n for_o its_o orbit_n and_o though_o this_o beauty_n be_v not_o perfect_o spoil_v yet_o its_o lustre_n seem_v to_o be_v considerable_o diminish_v by_o the_o new_a supposition_n of_o his_o new_a sort_n of_o figure_n call_v a_o moderate_a ellipse_n mr._n whiston_n be_v please_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o a_o suppose_a mistake_n he_o imagine_v have_v commit_v about_o the_o quantity_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n which_o i_o reckon_v from_o his_o principle_n must_v have_v be_v some_o hundred_o of_o time_n great_a than_o what_o be_v in_o the_o present_a this_o he_o say_v he_o be_v sure_o be_v a_o plain_a error_n who_o ever_o it_o be_v that_o make_v he_o so_o sure_a of_o it_o i_o be_o certain_a they_o have_v mighty_o deceive_v he_o if_o he_o have_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o consider_v that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o any_o small_a portion_n of_o time_n be_v always_o as_o a_o rectangle_n contain_v betwixt_o the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n of_o incidence_n of_o the_o ray_n produce_v heat_n and_o that_o time_n and_o have_v trouble_v himself_o a_o little_a further_o to_o calculate_v the_o proportion_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o heat_n that_o be_v in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n upon_o his_o hypothesis_n to_o that_o which_o be_v in_o our_o present_a earth_n he_o will_v have_v find_v the_o mistake_n be_v not_o on_o my_o side_n but_o his_o own_o every_o body_n know_v that_o the_o long_o any_o thing_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o hot_a it_o must_v be_v and_o this_o be_v so_o manifest_a that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o our_o heat_n in_o the_o summer_n arise_v only_o through_o the_o length_n of_o time_n the_o sun_n shine_v upon_o we_o for_o if_o our_o summer_n and_o winter_n day_n be_v each_o of_o they_o twelve_o hour_n long_o the_o heat_n in_o summer_n will_v be_v to_o that_o in_o winter_n in_o proportion_n