Selected quad for the lemma: ground_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
ground_n	earth_n	good_a	tree_n	1,484	5	8.0211	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A28496	Irelands naturall history being a true and ample description of its situation, greatness, shape, and nature, of its hills, woods, heaths, bogs, of its fruitfull parts, and profitable grounds : with the severall ways of manuring and improving the same : with its heads or promontories, harbours, roads, and bays, of its springs, and fountains, brooks, rivers, loghs, of its metalls, mineralls, free-stone, marble, sea-coal, turf, and other things that are taken out of the ground : and lastly of the nature and temperature of its air and season, and what diseases it is free from or subject unto : conducing to the advancement of navigation, husbandry, and other profitable arts and professions / written by Gerald Boate ; and now published by Samuell Hartlib for the common good of Ireland and more especially for the benefit of the adventurers and planters therein.	Boate, Gerard, 1604-1650.; Hartlib, Samuel, d. 1662.	1657 (1657)	Wing B3373; ESTC R27215	105,129	208

dung_v so_o as_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o never_o trouble_v themselves_o to_o keep_v the_o dung_n of_o their_o beast_n but_o from_o time_n to_o time_n fling_v it_o into_o a_o river_n which_o run_v by_o they_o but_o this_o happiness_n and_o richness_n of_o soil_n as_o it_o be_v very_o rare_a over_o all_o the_o world_n so_o in_o ireland_n too_o be_v confine_v to_o very_o narrow_a bound_n all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v necessitate_v for_o the_o end_n aforesaid_a to_o help_v and_o improve_v their_o land_n by_o dung_v the_o which_o they_o do_v several_a manner_n of_o way_n sect._n 2._o of_o sheeps-dung_n the_o common_a sort_n of_o manure_v the_o land_n in_o ireland_n be_v that_o which_o be_v do_v with_o the_o dung_n of_o beast_n especial_o of_o cow_n and_o ox_n and_o also_o of_o horse_n mix_v with_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o straw_n and_o have_v lyen_fw-we a_o long_a while_n to_o rot_v and_o incorporate_v well_o together_o whereof_o as_o of_o a_o matter_n every_o where_o know_v and_o usual_a it_o be_v needless_a to_o speak_v further_o only_o thus_o much_o seem_v good_a to_o we_o not_o to_o pass_v over_o in_o silence_n that_o if_o sheep_n here_o as_o in_o other_o country_n be_v house_v and_o keep_v up_o in_o stable_n for_o any_o long_a time_n together_o their_o excrement_n will_v make_v better_a dung_n than_o that_o of_o any_o other_o fourfooted_a creature_n for_o the_o land_n on_o which_o sheep_n have_v feed_v for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n together_o or_o long_o be_v so_o great_o enrich_v thereby_o that_o when_o it_o come_v to_o be_v plough_v it_o bring_v a_o much_o fair_a and_o plentifull_a crop_n than_o if_o from_o the_o beginning_n it_o have_v be_v make_v arable_a and_o dung_v after_o the_o ordinary_a manner_n wherefore_o also_o great_a sheep-master_n may_v set_v their_o land_n where_o the_o sheep_n have_v be_v feed_v some_o year_n together_o as_o dear_a again_o by_o the_o acre_n than_o what_o at_o the_o first_o they_o can_v have_v get_v for_o it_o of_o any_o body_n wherefore_o also_o it_o be_v a_o usual_a thing_n in_o ireland_n as_o well_o as_o in_o england_n to_o drive_v the_o sheep_n upon_o the_o fallow_a and_o to_o keep_v they_o there_o until_o all_o the_o herb_n which_o may_v minister_v any_o food_n unto_o the_o sheep_n be_v by_o they_o consume_v which_o do_v the_o ground_n a_o great_a deal_n of_o good_a and_o give_v it_o heart_n to_o bring_v afterward_o the_o better_a increase_n and_o the_o same_o also_o help_v great_o for_o to_o make_v good_a grass_n grow_v upon_o the_o arable_a when_o the_o same_o be_v turn_v into_o pasture_n and_o meadow_n a_o thing_n ordinary_o use_v in_o sundry_a part_n of_o ireland_n and_o many_o time_n necessary_a for_o to_o keep_v the_o land_n in_o heart_n for_o ground_n be_v plough_v and_o the_o sheep_n drive_v thither_o as_o soon_o as_o any_o herb_n grow_v upon_o it_o they_o do_v not_o only_o consume_v the_o thistle_n and_o other_o useless_a herb_n but_o cause_n good_a grass_n to_o grow_v up_o in_o lieu_n thereof_o and_o that_o speedy_o for_o in_o all_o place_n where_o their_o dung_n light_v of_o the_o best_a and_o sweet_a sort_n of_o grass_n do_v grow_v and_o that_o within_o the_o first_o year_n which_o otherwise_o will_v not_o have_v come_v in_o much_o long_a time_n and_o that_o nothing_o near_o so_o good_a general_o sect._n 3_o a_o useful_a observation_n about_o cows-dung_n there_o be_v a_o notable_a difference_n betwixt_o sheeps-dung_n and_o that_o of_o other_o cattle_n as_o in_o the_o goodness_n and_o richness_n itself_o so_o in_o the_o particular_a last_o mention_v by_o they_o for_o that_o of_o ox_n and_o cow_n be_v no_o way_n fit_a for_o dung_v until_o it_o be_v grow_v old_a and_o have_v lyen_fw-we a_o soak_v with_o straw_n a_o great_a while_n daily_o experience_n show_v in_o ireland_n as_o in_o england_n and_o other_o country_n that_o in_o those_o place_n of_o the_o pasture_n where_o the_o fresh_a cowdung_n fall_v and_o remain_v the_o grass_n the_o next_o year_n do_v grow_v rank_a and_o high_a than_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o same_o field_n but_o so_o sour_a and_o unpleasing_a that_o the_o beast_n will_v not_o offer_v to_o touch_v it_o so_o as_o ordinary_o you_o shall_v see_v these_o tuft_n of_o grass_n stand_v whole_a and_o undiminish_a in_o the_o midst_n of_o pasture_n that_o every_o where_o else_o be_v eat_v bare_a and_o to_o the_o very_a ground_n the_o which_o as_o in_o part_n it_o may_v be_v impute_v to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o dung_n the_o which_o being_n great_a than_o the_o earth_n can_v well_o digest_v and_o convenient_o unite_v with_o itself_o can_v be_v turn_v into_o so_o good_a and_o sweet_a nourishment_n so_o do_v it_o also_o without_o doubt_n come_v in_o part_n through_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o dung_n the_o which_o of_o itself_o and_o without_o a_o long_a preparation_n and_o alteration_n be_v not_o so_o fit_a to_o nourish_v the_o ground_n as_o that_o of_o sheep_n sect._n 4._o of_o pigeons-dung_n pigeons-dung_n also_o be_v very_o convenient_a for_o the_o improvement_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o i_o know_v some_o in_o ireland_n who_o have_v try_v that_o have_v find_v a_o wonderful_a deal_n of_o good_a in_o it_o incomparable_o more_o than_o in_o that_o of_o any_o fourfooted_a beast_n and_o of_o sheep_n themselves_o but_o the_o pigeon-house_n no_o where_o in_o ireland_n be_v so_o big_a as_o to_o afford_v any_o considerable_a quantity_n and_o never_o have_v hear_v of_o any_o body_n there_o who_o can_v dung_n more_o than_o a_o acre_n or_o two_o with_o all_o the_o pigeons-dung_n which_o have_v be_v gather_v the_o space_n of_o a_o whole_a twelvemonth_n it_o can_v well_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o common_a sort_n sect._n 5._o of_o ash_n and_o mud._n beside_o the_o dung_n of_o beast_n there_o be_v usual_a in_o ireland_n or_o be_v before_o this_o rebellion_n five_o or_o six_o other_o sort_n for_o to_o manure_v and_o improve_v the_o ground_n whereof_o some_o be_v as_o good_a as_o the_o dung_n consist_v of_o the_o excrement_n of_o beast_n and_o other_o do_v far_o surpass_v it_o one_o of_o these_o sort_n be_v ash_n and_o mud_n another_o as_o for_o the_o first_o i_o have_v understand_v of_o englishman_n who_o have_v live_v many_o year_n in_o ireland_n and_o all_o that_o while_o have_v exercise_v husbandry_n that_o they_o have_v use_v to_o gather_v all_o their_o ash_n of_o their_o hearth_n bake-house_n and_o brew-house_n be_v wood-ash_n and_o to_o lay_v they_o of_o a_o heap_n somewhere_o in_o the_o open_a air_n from_o whence_o at_o convenient_a time_n they_o will_v carry_v they_o upon_o their_o ground_n and_o there_o spread_v they_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o other_o dung_n but_o nothing_o near_o in_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n wherein_o they_o affirm_v to_o have_v find_v as_o much_o and_o more_o good_a than_o in_o any_o dung_n of_o beast_n and_o i_o know_v several_a other_o english_a who_o live_v in_o ireland_n do_v use_v to_o take_v the_o scour_n of_o their_o ditch_n together_o with_o other_o mud_n dig_v out_o of_o the_o bog_n and_o have_v let_v it_o lie_v a_o good_a while_o a_o rot_v in_o great_a heap_n do_v afterward_o carry_v it_o upon_o their_o land_n in_o lieu_n of_o dung_n the_o which_o they_o find_v very_o good_a and_o useful_a for_o that_o purpose_n these_o two_o sort_n be_v never_o yet_o bring_v into_o common_a use_n but_o only_o practise_v by_o some_o few_o person_n especial_o that_o of_o the_o ash_n although_o in_o other_o country_n they_o have_v be_v know_v long_o since_o so_o as_o pliny_n who_o live_v about_o fifteen_o hundred_o year_n ago_o write_v in_o the_o nine_o chapter_n of_o the_o seventeen_o book_n of_o his_o natural_a history_n that_o in_o his_o time_n in_o that_o part_n of_o italy_n which_o be_v situate_v between_o the_o alps_n and_o the_o river_n po_n comprehend_v those_o country_n which_o now_o be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o piedmont_n and_o lombardy_n ash_n be_v more_o use_v and_o commend_v for_o the_o manure_n of_o the_o ground_n than_o the_o dung_n of_o beast_n as_o concern_v the_o burn_a of_o the_o heath_n and_o other_o dry_a herb_n stand_v upon_o the_o ground_n for_o to_o manure_v the_o land_n with_o the_o ash_n thereof_o that_o not_o proper_o belong_v to_o this_o place_n shall_v be_v speak_v of_o more_o at_o large_a in_o some_o of_o the_o ensue_a chapter_n sect._n 6._o of_o lime_n the_o english_a live_v in_o queens-county_n in_o leinster_n have_v see_v that_o in_o sundry_a part_n of_o england_n and_o wales_n especial_o in_o pembrookshire_n lime_n be_v use_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n for_o the_o manure_a and_o enrich_v of_o their_o ground_n begin_v some_o year_n since_o to_o practice_v the_o same_o and_o find_v themselves_o so_o well_o thereby_o that_o in_o a_o

the_o same_o again_o by_o any_o mean_n whatsoever_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o heath_n and_o moor_n or_o bog_n in_o ireland_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o moory_n or_o boggy-heath_n have_v speak_v of_o the_o fruitful_a land_n of_o ireland_n it_o follow_v that_o we_o treat_v of_o those_o which_o be_v neither_o fit_n for_o the_o bring_n of_o corn_n or_o feed_v of_o cattle_n some_o be_v such_o for_o want_v of_o good_a soil_n and_o other_o through_o superfluous_a moisture_n of_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v those_o place_n where_o the_o ground_n consist_v of_o mere_a rock_n sand_n or_o earth_n natural_o unfruitful_a have_v no_o good_a mould_n at_o the_o top_n sufficient_a for_o corn_n or_o grass_n to_o root_n and_o to_o draw_v convenient_a nourishment_n out_o of_o it_o the_o ground_n be_v bare_a or_o overgrow_v only_o with_o moss_n heath_n furze_n brake_n thorn_n rush_n and_o the_o like_a the_o place_n who_o ground_n be_v bare_a be_v nothing_o frequent_a nor_o of_o any_o great_a bigness_n in_o ireland_n and_o rather_o on_o the_o seaside_n than_o within_o the_o land_n but_o the_o other_o be_v very_o common_a throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n not_o only_o in_o the_o mountain_n many_o whereof_o do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n consist_v of_o nothing_o else_o but_o also_o in_o the_o hilly-quarter_n the_o plain-country_n and_o in_o many_o place_n of_o great_a extent_n take_v up_o some_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o breadth_n most_o of_o these_o waste_v in_o the_o plain-country_n and_o valley_n as_o also_o some_o on_o the_o mountain_n and_o hill_n be_v moory_n and_o boggy_a fit_a for_o to_o dig_v turf_n out_o to_o the_o great_a commodity_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o place_n where_o other_o fuel_n be_v want_v so_o that_o these_o part_n of_o land_n although_o barren_a and_o produce_v no_o kind_n of_o thing_n for_o the_o food_n of_o man_n or_o beast_n may_v not_o be_v reckon_v in_o the_o number_n of_o those_o which_o be_v altogether_o unprofitable_a be_v of_o good_a use_n in_o the_o part_n far_o distant_a from_o the_o sea_n where_o they_o can_v have_v no_o sea-coal_n and_o where_o wood_n be_v want_v nor_o well_o live_v some_o of_o these_o dry_a or_o red_a bog_n as_o common_o they_o be_v call_v the_o first_o in_o comparison_n of_o those_o whereof_o present_o shall_v be_v speak_v the_o other_o because_o the_o earth_n in_o they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v red_a and_o overgrow_v with_o mos●_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n be_v in_o some_o part_n of_o a_o vast_a extent_n instance_n that_o by_o the_o shanon-side_n begin_v hard_o by_o atlone_a and_o follow_v the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n down_o towards_o limmerick_n which_o be_v two_o or_o three_o mile_n broad_a in_o most_o part_n be_v say_v to_o be_v upward_o of_o fifty_o mile_n in_o length_n sect._n 2._o of_o the_o dry_a heath_n there_o be_v some_o dry_a heath_n in_o ireland_n for_o the_o most_o part_n on_o the_o mountain_n and_o very_o few_o in_o the_o plain_a country_n to_o the_o contrary_a of_o england_n where_o as_o well_o as_o in_o netherlands_n germany_n and_o other_o country_n those_o heath_n on_o plain_a ground_n be_v very_o common_a in_o sundry_a part_n of_o the_o land_n and_o many_o of_o they_o of_o a_o great_a extent_n have_v very_o many_o mile_n in_o compass_n and_o where_o any_o such_o dry_a heath_n be_v in_o ireland_n the_o land_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v not_o altogether_o barren_a but_o grassy_a between_o and_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o heath_n so_o as_o the_o heath_n be_v burn_v a_o thing_n much_o use_v in_o ireland_n both_o by_o the_o english_a and_o irish_a the_o land_n bring_v reasonable_a good_a and_o sweet_a grass_n fit_a for_o sheep_n to_o feed_v on_o and_o with_o a_o little_a extraordinary_a labour_n and_o cost_v bring_v to_o bear_v corn_n other_o of_o these_o heath_n be_v grassy_a have_v the_o grass_n grow_v not_o all_o over_o among_o the_o heath_n but_o in_o space_n by_o itself_o as_o upon_o the_o heath_n between_o the_o town_n of_o kildare_n and_o the_o liffie_a which_o be_v famous_a over_o all_o ireland_n by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o currogh_n of_o kildare_n be_v a_o hilly_a ground_n at_o its_o high_a near_o the_o say_a town_n from_o thence_o towards_o the_o liffie_a descend_v by_o degree_n about_o three_o mile_n long_o and_o two_o or_o three_o broad_a divide_v into_o row_n of_o heath_n and_o grass_n which_o be_v of_o no_o great_a breadth_n and_o many_o in_o number_n do_v lie_v by_o the_o ●ide_v one_o of_o another_o throughout_o the_o whole_a earth_n each_o of_o those_o row_n extend_v it_o self_n in_o length_n from_o the_o one_o end_n of_o the_o currogh_n to_o the_o other_o the_o row_n of_o heath_n be_v about_o a_o stone_n cast_v over_o in_o some_o place_n in_o some_o more_o in_o other_o less_o but_o those_o of_o grass_n a_o good_a deal_n narrow_a than_o the_o other_o be_v always_o alike_o green_a and_o dry_a in_o the_o winter_n as_o well_o as_o the_o summer_n and_o clothe_v with_o short_a grass_n but_o very_o sweet_a and_o good_a very_o convenient_a for_o sheep_n to_o feed_v on_o of_o the_o which_o always_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n a_o very_a great_a number_n be_v graze_v here_o the_o whole_a currogh_n be_v a_o commons_o sect._n 3_o of_o the_o wet_a bog_n the_o place_n barren_a through_o superfluous_a moisture_n be_v bog_n call_v by_o the_o irish_a moon_n whereof_o ireland_n be_v full_a there_o be_v three_o or_o four_o different_a sort_n of_o they_o grassy_a watery_a muddy_a and_o hassocky_a as_o appear_v more_o large_o by_o the_o follow_a description_n but_o the_o english_a irish_a have_v give_v the_o name_n of_o bogs_n not_o only_o to_o the_o wet_a of_o which_o we_o be_v now_o to_o treat_v but_o aswell_o to_o the_o turf_n moor_n of_o all_o sort_n not_o except_v the_o red_a bog_n which_o in_o most_o place_n be_v firm_a enough_o to_o bear_v a_o man_n or_o unshod_a nag_n go_v over_o it_o but_o be_v not_o for_o any_o great_a weight_n but_o we_o shall_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n speak_v in_o order_n of_o the_o four_o sort_n of_o wet_a bgg_n which_o above_o we_o have_v mention_v and_o afterward_o in_o its_o due_a place_n treat_v of_o the_o turf_n and_o red_a moor_n as_o occasion_n shall_v require_v sect._n 4._o of_o the_o grassy_a bog_n the_o grassy_a bog_n be_v all_o over_o cover_v with_o grass_n look_v fair_a and_o pleasant_a as_o if_o they_o be_v dry_a ground_n and_o goodly_a meadow_n whereby_o many_o who_o not_o know_v the_o nature_n of_o those_o place_n and_o because_o of_o the_o greeness_n suspect_v no_o evil_a go_v into_o they_o to_o their_o great_a trouble_n and_o many_o time_n to_o the_o extreme_a danger_n of_o their_o life_n for_o the_o earth_n be_v very_o spungy_a can_v bear_v no_o weight_n but_o as_o well_o man_n as_o beast_n assoon_o as_o they_o set_v foot_n on_o it_o do_v sink_v to_o the_o ground_n some_o knee_n deep_a other_o to_o the_o waist_n and_o many_o over_o head_n and_o ear_n for_o all_o or_o most_o bog_n in_o ireland_n have_v underneath_o a_o hard_a and_o firm_a gravel_n be_v not_o of_o a_o equal_a depth_n which_o in_o some_o be_v only_o of_o two_o or_o three_o foot_n in_o other_o five_o six_o or_o more_o in_o somuch_o that_o those_o who_o fall_v into_o the_o deep_a place_n of_o these_o bog_n can_v hardly_o escape_v but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n do_v perish_v be_v pitiful_o smother_v some_o of_o these_o bog_n do_v so_o dry_v up_o in_o the_o summer_n that_o they_o may_v be_v pass_v without_o danger_n the_o which_o in_o particular_a fall_v out_o in_o the_o great_a mountain_n in_o munster_n in_o the_o county_n of_o kerry_n call_v slew-logh_a upon_o which_o all_o kind_n of_o cattle_n do_v graze_v the_o summer_n long_o be_v every_o where_o full_a of_o good_a and_o sweet_a grass_n knee_n deep_a in_o most_o place_n whereof_o not_o the_o ten_o part_n be_v eat_v for_o if_o all_o the_o cattle_n of_o that_o province_n be_v drive_v thither_o and_o leave_v all_o the_o summer_n upon_o the_o place_n it_o will_v hardly_o be_v consume_v the_o rest_n be_v spoil_v when_o the_o wet_a weather_n come_v in_o and_o stay_v the_o rain-water_n from_o descend_v through_o which_o the_o ground_n rot_v in_o that_o manner_n that_o all_o winter_n long_v it_o be_v unpassable_a for_o man_n and_o beast_n but_o the_o deep_a bog_n be_v unpassable_a in_o the_o summer_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o winter_n yet_o most_o of_o they_o have_v firm_a place_n in_o narrow_a path_n &_o in_o some_o large_a parcel_n by_o the_o mean_n whereof_o those_o unto_o who_o they_o be_v know_v can_v cross_v they_o from_o one_o side_n to_o another_o where_o other_o who_o be_v not_o use_v to_o they_o do_v not_o know_v in_o what_o part_n to_o set_v one_o step_n in_o which_o

nimble_a trick_n call_v common_o tread_v of_o the_o bog_n most_o irish_a be_v very_o expert_a as_o have_v be_v train_v up_o in_o it_o from_o their_o infancy_n the_o firm_a place_n in_o pass_v or_o but_o light_o shake_v they_o tremble_v for_o a_o great_a way_n which_o have_v give_v they_o the_o name_n of_o shaking-bog_n and_o where_o they_o be_v but_o of_o a_o small_a compass_n quagmire_n sect._n 5._o of_o the_o watery-bog_n and_o of_o the_o miry-bog_n the_o watery-bog_n be_v likewise_o clothe_v with_o grass_n but_o the_o water_n do_v not_o sink_v altogether_o into_o they_o as_o into_o the_o former_a but_o remain_v in_o part_n stand_v on_o the_o top_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o some_o of_o the_o grassie-bog_n and_o in_o all_o the_o low_a pasture_n and_o meadow_n of_o holland_n by_o reason_n whereof_o these_o bog_n be_v not_o dangerous_a for_o every_o one_o at_o the_o first_o sight_n may_v easy_o discern_v they_o from_o the_o firm_a ground_n these_o two_o sort_n be_v in_o many_o part_n find_v apart_o and_o in_o other_o mix_v and_o interlace_v and_o likewise_o parcel_n both_o of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v find_v up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o moory-heath_n and_o red-bog_n both_o these_o sort_n as_o well_o the_o watery_a as_o the_o green-bog_n yield_v for_o the_o most_o part_n very_o good_a turf_n much_o better_a than_o the_o red-bog_n whereof_o more_o shall_v be_v speak_v hereafter_o the_o miry-bog_n do_v consist_v of_o mere_a mud_n and_o mire_n with_o very_o little_a or_o no_o grass_n upon_o they_o these_o be_v common_o of_o a_o very_a small_a compass_n whereas_o most_o part_n of_o the_o other_o two_o be_v of_o a_o notable_a extent_n and_o some_o of_o several_a mile_n in_o length_n and_o breadth_n sect._n 6._o of_o the_o hassockie-bog_n hassockie-bog_n we_o call_v those_o who_o ground_n be_v miry_a and_o muddy_a be_v cover_v over_o with_o water_n a_o foot_n or_o two_o deep_a in_o some_o place_n more_o in_o other_o less_o so_o as_o one_o will_v soon_o take_v they_o for_o lough_n be_v it_o not_o that_o they_o be_v very_o thick_o overspread_v with_o little_a tuft_n or_o ilet_n the_o which_o consist_v of_o reed_n rush_n high_a sour_a grass_n and_o sometime_o with_o little_a shrub_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v very_o small_a and_o have_v but_o a_o few_o foot_n in_o compass_n some_o of_o they_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o reasonable_a big_a chamber_n these_o little_a ilet_n or_o tuft_n be_v so_o many_o in_o number_n and_o spread_v over_o all_o the_o bog_n there_o remain_v nothing_o between_o they_o but_o great_a plash_n of_o water_n in_o regard_n whereof_o these_o bog_n may_v well_o be_v call_v plashy-bog_n in_o some_o place_n wide_o in_o other_o narrow_a so_o as_o from_o the_o one_o man_n may_v well_o step_v or_o leap_v to_o the_o other_o that_o which_o those_o who_o be_v expert_a in_o it_o know_v how_o to_o do_v very_o nimble_a and_o so_o to_o run_v from_o one_o part_n of_o the_o bog_n to_o another_o for_o the_o root_n of_o the_o rush_n reed_n and_o other_o thing_n grow_v on_o those_o tuft_n be_v so_o interweave_v that_o they_o can_v easy_o bear_v a_o man_n who_o light_o tread_v upon_o they_o although_o they_o have_v very_o little_a earth_n and_o be_v wondrous_a spongy_a so_o as_o they_o when_o the_o water_n be_v drain_v the_o bog_n be_v dry_v round_o about_o may_v easy_o be_v pluck_v from_o the_o ground_n the_o english_a inhabit_v in_o ireland_n have_v give_v these_o tuft_n the_o name_n of_o hassocks_n and_o this_o sort_n of_o bogs_n hassocky-bog_n of_o which_o bog_n munster_n and_o other_o province_n be_v not_o altogether_o free_a but_o most_o of_o they_o be_v find_v in_o leinster_n especial_o in_o king_n and_o queens-county_n where_o also_o the_o othtr_n sort_n of_o bog_n be_v very_o common_a whereas_o otherwise_o connaught_n be_v general_o full_a of_o bog_n than_o any_o of_o the_o other_o province_n chap._n fourteen_o original_a of_o the_o bog_n in_o ireland_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o draining_n they_o practise_v there_o by_o the_o english_a inhabitant_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o original_n of_o bog_n in_o this_o country_n very_a few_o of_o the_o wet-bog_n in_o ireland_n be_v such_o by_o any_o natural_a property_n or_o primitive_a constitution_n but_o through_o the_o superfluous_a moisture_n that_o in_o length_n of_o time_n have_v be_v gather_v therein_o whether_o it_o have_v its_o original_n within_o the_o place_n itself_o or_o be_v come_v thither_o from_o without_o the_o first_o of_o these_o two_o case_n take_v place_n in_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o grassie-bog_n which_o ordinary_o be_v occasion_v by_o spring_n the_o which_o arise_v in_o great_a number_n out_o of_o some_o parcel_n of_o ground_n and_o find_v no_o issue_n do_v by_o degrer_n soak_v through_o and_o bring_v it_o to_o that_o rottenness_n and_o spunginess_n which_o nevertheless_o be_v not_o a_o little_a increase_v through_o the_o rain_n water_n come_v to_o that_o of_o the_o spring_n but_o the_o two_o other_o sort_n viz._n the_o watery_a and_o hassockie-bog_n be_v in_o some_o place_n cause_v by_o the_o rain-water_n only_o as_o in_o other_o through_o brook_n and_o rivulet_n run_v into_o they_o and_o in_o some_o through_o both_o together_o whereunto_o many_o time_n also_o come_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o grassi-bog_n to_o wit_v the_o store_n of_o spring_n within_o the_o very_a ground_n and_o all_o this_o in_o place_n where_o or_o through_o the_o situation_n of_o they_o and_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o even_a plainness_n or_o hollowness_n or_o through_o some_o other_o impediment_n the_o water_n have_v no_o free_a passage_n away_o but_o remain_v within_o they_o and_o so_o by_o degree_n turn_v they_o into_o bogs_n sect._n 2._o retchlesness_n of_o the_o irish_a cause_n of_o most_o of_o the_o bog_n of_o tree_n find_v in_o bogs_n so_o that_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v comprehend_v that_o whoso_o can_v drain_v the_o water_n and_o for_o the_o future_a prevent_v the_o gather_v thereof_o may_v reduce_v most_o of_o the_o bog_n in_o ireland_n to_o firm_a land_n and_o preserve_v they_o in_o that_o condition_n but_o this_o have_v never_o be_v know_v to_o the_o irish_a or_o if_o it_o be_v they_o never_o go_v about_o it_o but_o to_o the_o contrary_n let_v daily_o more_o &_o more_o of_o their_o good_a land_n grow_v boggy_a through_o their_o carelessness_n whereby_o also_o most_o of_o the_o bog_n at_o first_o be_v cause_v this_o be_v otherwise_o evident_a enough_o may_v further_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o tree_n which_o ordinary_o be_v find_v by_o the_o turf-digger_n very_o deep_a in_o the_o ground_n as_o well_o of_o other_o tree_n as_o of_o hasel_n likewise_o they_o meet_v sometime_o with_o the_o very_a nut_n themselves_o in_o great_a quantity_n the_o which_o look_v very_o fair_a and_o whole_a at_o the_o outside_n as_o if_o they_o come_v but_o new_o 〈…〉_z have_v no_o kernel_n within_o the_o same_o through_o the_o great_a length_n of_o time_n be_v consume_v and_o turn_v into_o filth_n and_o it_o be_v worthy_a of_o observation_n that_o tree_n &_o trunk_n of_o tree_n be_v in_o this_o manner_n find_v not_o only_o in_o the_o wet_a bog_n but_o even_o in_o the_o heathy_a one_o or_o red_a bog_n as_o by_o name_n in_o that_o by_o the_o shanon-side_n whereof_o have_v be_v speak_v above_o in_o which_o bog_n the_o turf_n digger_n many_o time_n do_v find_v whole_a firr-tree_n deep_a in_o the_o ground_n whether_o it_o be_v that_o those_o tree_n be_v fall_v be_v by_o degree_n sink_v deep_a and_o deep_a the_o earth_n of_o that_o bog_n almost_o every_o where_o be_v very_o loose_a and_o spongy_a as_o it_o be_v in_o all_o such_o bog_n or_o that_o the_o earth_n in_o length_n of_o time_n be_v grow_v over_o they_o sect._n 3_o draining_n of_o the_o bog_n practise_v by_o the_o english_a in_o ireland_n but_o as_o the_o irish_a have_v be_v extreme_a careless_a in_o this_o so_o the_o english_a introducer_n of_o all_o good_a thing_n in_o ireland_n for_o which_o that_o brutish_a nation_n from_o time_n to_o time_n have_v reward_v they_o with_o unthankfulnes_n hatred_n and_o envy_n and_o late_o with_o a_o horrible_a and_o bloody_a conspiracy_n tend_v to_o their_o utter_a destruction_n have_v set_v their_o industry_n at_o work_n for_o to_o remedy_v it_o and_o have_v consider_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o bog_n and_o how_o possible_a it_o be_v to_o reduce_v many_o of_o they_o unto_o good_a land_n do_v some_o year_n since_o begin_v to_o go_v about_o it_o all_o over_o the_o land_n and_o that_o with_o very_o good_a success_n so_o as_o i_o know_v gentleman_n who_o turn_v into_o firm_a land_n three_o or_o four_o hundred_o acre_n of_o bog_n and_o in_o case_n that_o this_o detestable_a rebellion_n have_v not_o come_v between_o in_o a_o few_o year_n

taste_v in_o which_o property_n nevertheless_o and_o in_o the_o wholsomness_n of_o the_o water_n the_o same_o difference_n be_v find_v and_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n as_o in_o other_o country_n for_o those_o which_o spring_n out_o of_o a_o gravelly_a or_o sandy_a ground_n be_v pure_a than_o those_o that_o spring_n out_o of_o earth_n or_o clay_n those_o that_o rise_v out_o of_o a_o stony_a or_o rocky_a ground_n cool_a than_o any_o of_o the_o former_a those_o that_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o sun_n and_o free_o receive_v the_o bea●●_n thereof_o especial_o of_o the_o morning_n sun_n have_v light_a and_o wholesome_a water_n although_o less_o cool_a than_o those_o which_o be_v contrary_o seat_v and_o so_o for_o the_o rest_n sect._n 2._o spaes_n and_o holy-wel_n in_o ireland_n a_o few_o year_n since_o some_o fountain_n have_v be_v discover_v in_o ireland_n some_o of_o they_o not_o far_o from_o dublin_n and_o other_o in_o other_o part_n who_o vein_n run_v through_o certain_a mineral_n and_o wash_v off_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o same_o yield_v a_o medicinal_a water_n apt_a to_o open_v the_o obstruction_n of_o man_n body_n and_o to_o cure_v other_o accident_n thereof_o which_o kind_n of_o fountain_n be_v common_o call_v spaes_n a_o name_n borrow_v of_o a_o certain_a village_n in_o the_o country_n of_o liege_n in_o which_o there_o be_v a_o spring_n of_o that_o sort_n absolute_o the_o princpal_a and_o the_o most_o effectual_a of_o all_o those_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o therefore_o of_o very_o great_a renown_n in_o near_a and_o in_o far_a country_n beside_o these_o spaes_n there_o be_v also_o a_o great_a number_n of_o other_o fountain_n throughout_o all_o the_o land_n call_v holy-wel_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n who_o water_n not_o differ_v from_o that_o of_o other_o well_n in_o smell_n taste_n or_o in_o any_o other_o sensible_a quality_n neverthelese_fw-mi be_v believe_v to_o be_v effectual_a for_o the_o cure_n of_o several_a disease_n but_o experience_n do_v show_v that_o those_o virtue_n be_v not_o find_v in_o the_o spring_n themselves_o but_o only_o in_o the_o vain_a imagination_n of_o the_o superstitious_a people_n the_o which_o also_o have_v dedicate_v every_o one_o of_o those_o to_o some_o particular_a saint_n do_v expect_v the_o suppose_a virtue_n rather_o from_o the_o power_n of_o they_o than_o from_o any_o natural_a efficaciousness_n inherent_a in_o the_o water_n itself_o sect._n 3_o of_o the_o fabulous_a fountain_n of_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la as_o for_o those_o wonderful_a spring_n mention_v by_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la one_o in_o munster_n who_o water_n present_o make_v they_o gray_a that_o wash_v their_o head_n or_o beard_n therewith_o one_o in_o ulster_n of_o quite_o contrary_a virtue_n so_o that_o the_o person_n wash_v therewith_o never_o come_v to_o be_v gray_a one_o in_o connaught_n who_o water_n good_a and_o commodious_a for_o the_o drink_n and_o other_o use_n of_o man_n be_v hurtful_a yea_o deadly_a to_o cattle_n sheep_n horse_n and_o all_o other_o sort_n of_o beast_n and_o yet_o another_o in_o the_o same_o province_n the_o which_o be_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n far_o from_o the_o sea_n side_n eb_v and_o flow_v twice_o a_o day_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o sea_n i_o can_v not_o hitherto_o come_v to_o the_o speech_n of_o any_o who_o in_o our_o time_n have_v see_v those_o fountain_n or_o observe_v any_o such_o thing_n in_o they_o which_o make_v i_o doubt_n that_o that_o good_a man_n have_v be_v deceive_v herein_o by_o his_o credulity_n as_o in_o innumerable_a other_o thing_n the_o which_o be_v evident_o untrue_a and_o fictitious_a be_v by_o he_o relate_v for_o certain_a truth_n as_o in_o this_o matter_n who_o see_v not_o the_o idleness_n of_o that_o fiction_n concern_v a_o certain_a fountain_n in_o munster_n whereof_o he_o write_v that_o as_o soon_o as_o any_o body_n do_v touch_v it_o or_o but_o look_v at_o it_o it_o begin_v present_o to_o rain_v most_o heavy_o over_o all_o the_o province_n and_o continue_v so_o to_o do_v until_o a_o certain_a priest_n appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o who_o have_v never_o lose_v his_o maidenhead_n do_v appease_v the_o fountain_n in_o sing_v a_o mass_n in_o a_o chapel_n stand_v not_o far_o from_o thence_o and_o build_v express_o for_o that_o end_n and_o in_o be_v sprinkle_v the_o same_o fountain_n with_o holywater_n and_o with_o the_o milk_n of_o a_o cow_n of_o one_o colour_n sect._n 4._o of_o the_o brook_n in_o ireland_n no_o country_n in_o the_o world_n be_v full_a of_o brook_n than_o ireland_n where_o the_o same_o be_v numberless_a &_o water_v all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o land_n on_o all_o side_n they_o take_v their_o beginning_n three_o several_a manner_n of_o way_n some_o have_v their_o source_n of_o fountain_n the_o which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v very_o small_a not_o only_o those_o who_o carry_v the_o water_n but_o of_o one_o spring_n most_o of_o which_o be_v rather_o like_a unto_o a_o gutter_n than_o a_o brook_n but_o even_o those_o into_o which_o the_o water_n of_o several_a fountain_n do_v flow_v together_o other_o rise_v out_o of_o bog_n the_o which_o beside_o their_o own_o universal_a wetness_n be_v full_a of_o spring_n and_o by_o reason_n thereof_o gather_v in_o they_o more_o water_n than_o they_o be_v able_a to_o drink_v in_o or_o contain_v do_v necessary_o send_v out_o the_o same_o in_o convenient_a place_n and_o so_o give_v a_o beginning_n unto_o rivulet_n and_o brook_n the_o three_o sort_n take_v their_o beginning_n out_o of_o certain_a small_a lough_n which_o brook_v ordinary_o be_v of_o a_o reasonable_a bigness_n and_o far_o surpass_v the_o other_o two_o sort_n although_o there_o do_v not_o want_v some_o even_o of_o this_o kind_n which_o be_v very_o little_a and_o there_o be_v very_o few_o of_o any_o of_o these_o kind_n who_o come_v to_o any_o notable_a bigness_n as_o long_o as_o they_o continue_v to_o be_v solitary_a and_o until_o have_v receive_v the_o water_n of_o several_a other_o brook_n do_v thereby_o grow_v more_o considerable_a than_o they_o be_v in_o their_o first_o original_n these_o brook_n beside_o the_o great_a good_a they_o do_v the_o land_n in_o water_v the_o same_o &_o beside_o the_o commodity_n they_o afford_v of_o drench_a the_o cattle_n &_o other_o beast_n do_v also_o great_o serve_v the_o inhabitant_n for_o another_o good_a use_n to_o wit_v the_o grind_n of_o their_o corn_n whereunto_o the_o windmill_n be_v very_o little_o use_v in_o ireland_n because_o they_o have_v the_o conveniency_n through_o the_o great_a number_n of_o brook_n to_o erect_v watermill_n in_o every_o quarter_n where_o it_o be_v necessary_a which_o bring_v a_o great_a profit_n to_o the_o owner_n be_v keep_v and_o maintain_v with_o less_o cost_n and_o labour_n sect._n 5._o of_o the_o swell_a and_o overflow_n of_o the_o brook_n some_o of_o the_o brook_n do_v flow_v in_o a_o equal_a bigness_n all_o the_o year_n long_o without_o receive_v any_o notable_a increase_n or_o diminish_n but_o far_o the_o major_a part_n do_v change_v according_a to_o the_o wet_a or_o dry_a season_n of_o the_o ye●r_n and_o as_o many_o of_o they_o as_o come_v out_o of_o the_o mountain_n or_o run_v through_o hilly_a country_n swell_v so_o excessive_o when_o any_o great_a rain_n do_v fall_v that_o they_o not_o only_o overflow_v the_o next_o low_a ground_n do_v many_o time_n great_a damage_n in_o they_o but_o also_o bring_v the_o wafer_v man_n into_o great_a distress_n for_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v very_o oft_o that_o a_o brook_n which_o ordinary_o be_v very_o shallow_a and_o still_o riseth_z so_o mighty_o through_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o rain_n water_n which_o from_o the_o next_o mountain_n and_o hill_n descend_v into_o it_o that_o a_o good_a horse_n can_v pass_v without_o swim_v where_o at_o other_o time_n a_o child_n easy_o may_v wade_v over_o and_o with_o that_o adundance_n of_o water_n be_v common_o join_v so_o strong_a and_o impetuous_a a_o current_n that_o man_n and_o horse_n be_v often_o carry_v away_o with_o it_o to_o their_o extreme_a danger_n and_o what_o soever_o we_o say_v herein_a of_o the_o brook_n be_v much_o more_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o river_n the_o which_o otherwise_o in_o convenient_a place_n or_o foard_n may_v be_v pass_v over_o wherein_o the_o aforesaid_a danger_n be_v great_a yet_o so_o that_o few_o year_n pass_v in_o ireland_n in_o the_o which_o some_o person_n be_v not_o drown_v in_o that_o fashion_n sect._n 6._o strange_a invention_n of_o a_o man_n to_o pass_v a_o brook_n great_o rise_v by_o the_o abundance_n of_o rain_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o insert_v here_o a_o particular_a observe_v by_o a_o very_a credible_a and_o reverend_a person_n theophilus_n buckwort_n bishop_n of_o dremore_n the_o which_o he_o have_v several_a time_n relate_v to_o

kilacollie_a alias_o bailieborrough_n in_o the_o county_n of_o cavan_n which_o being_n ten_o mile_n long_o be_v almost_o nothing_o else_o but_o a_o continuance_n of_o hill_n of_o no_o great_a bigness_n all_o very_a fruitful_a land_n both_o pasture_n and_o arable_a in_o the_o county_n of_o westmeath_n from_o lough-crew_n to_o lough-sillon_a and_o beyond_o it_o as_o far_o as_o ballaneach_v where_o mr_n william_n fleve_v have_v build_v a_o fair_a house_n and_o farm_n ten_o year_n before_o the_o late_a detestable_a massacre_n and_o bloody_a rebellion_n of_o the_o irish._n these_o hill_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n low_a and_o small_a yet_o some_o of_o a_o good_a height_n and_o bigness_n the_o ground_n lean_a in_o many_o place_n very_o stony_a in_o some_o rocky_a not_o of_o any_o one_o continual_a rock_n but-by_a peecemeal_n here_o and_o there_o rise_v and_o appear_v yet_o be_v these_o hill_n in_o several_a place_n wet_a and_o moorish_a aswell_o in_o the_o rocky_a as_o other_o part_n these_o hill_n serve_v only_o for_o pasture_n of_o sheep_n in_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o mountainous_a country_n of_o wickloe_n the_o which_o beginning_n five_o mile_n to_o the_o south_n of_o dublin_n do_v extend_v itself_o above_o fifty_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o in_o several_a other_o part_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o many_o part_n of_o ireland_n but_o chief_o in_o the_o county_n of_o meath_z and_o further_a northward_o that_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o great_a hill_n and_o mountain_n not_o only_o at_o the_o side_n and_o foot_n of_o they_o to_o this_o day_n the_o ground_n be_v uneven_a as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v plough_v in_o former_a time_n the_o inhabitant_n do_v affirm_v that_o their_o forefather_n be_v much_o give_v to_o tillage_n contrary_a to_o what_o they_o be_v now_o use_v to_o turn_v all_o to_o plow-land_n other_o say_v that_o it_o be_v do_v for_o want_v of_o arable_a because_o the_o champain_n be_v most_o every_a where_o beset_v and_o over_o spread_v with_o wood_n which_o by_o degree_n be_v destroy_v by_o the_o war_n they_o say_v further_o that_o in_o those_o time_n in_o place_n where_o nothing_o now_o be_v to_o be_v see_v but_o great_a log_n of_o a_o vast_a extent_n there_o be_v thick_a wood_n which_o they_o collect_v from_o hence_o that_o now_o &_o then_o tree_n be_v dig_v out_o there_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n some_o yard_n long_o and_o some_o of_o a_o very_a great_a bigness_n and_o length_n sect._n 4._o of_o the_o high_a sort_n of_o mountain_n in_o ireland_n as_o for_o those_o other_o mountain_n the_o which_o with_o a_o excessive_a height_n rise_v up_o towards_o the_o sky_n they_o be_v not_o very_o common_a in_o ireland_n and_o yet_o some_o there_o be_v which_o although_o not_o comparable_a with_o the_o pyrenaei_n lie_v between_o france_n and_o spain_n with_o the_o alps_n which_o divide_v italy_n from_o france_n and_o germany_n or_o with_o other_o mountain_n of_o the_o like_a vast_a height_n nevertheless_o may_v just_o be_v count_v among_o the_o lofty_a mountain_n of_o this_o number_n be_v the_o mountain_n of_o carlingford_n betwixt_o dundalke_n and_o carlingford_n the_o which_o in_o a_o clear_a day_n may_v easy_o be_v see_v from_o the_o mountain_n to_o the_o south_n of_o dublin_n the_o which_o be_v more_o than_o forty_o mile_n distant_a from_o they_o the_o mountain_n about_o lough_n suillie_n in_o the_o north-part_n of_o ulster_n the_o which_o may_v be_v see_v many_o mile_n off_o in_o the_o sea_n the_o curlews_n that_o sever_v the_o county_n of_o slego_n and_o roscoman_n in_o connaught_n the_o twelve_o mountain_n in_o the_o north-quarter_n of_o the_o county_n of_o tipperary_n in_o munster_n the_o which_o far_o exceed_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o mountain_n there_o be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o twelve_o hill_n of_o phelim●ghe_a madonna_n knock-patrick_n in_o the_o west_n part_n of_o the_o county_n of_o limmerick_n not_o far_o from_o the_o bay_n of_o limmerick_n which_o mountain_n can_v be_v se●n_v by_o the_o ship_n which_o be_v a_o huge-way_n from_o the_o land_n yet_o the_o mountain_n of_o brandon_n hill_n in_o the_o county_n of_o kerry_n to_o the_o east_n of_o the_o haven_n of_o smerwick_n the_o which_o be_v discover_v by_o the_o seafaring_a man_n when_o they_o be_v above_o fifty_o mile_n from_o the_o land_n in_o the_o northwest_n quarter_n of_o the_o county_n of_o waterford_n call_v slew-boine_a that_o in_o the_o mountainous_a country_n of_o wickloe_n which_o for_o its_o fashion_n sake_n be_v common_o call_v the_o sugarloaf_n and_o may_v be_v see_v very_o many_o mile_n off_o not_o only_o by_o those_o that_o be_v upon_o the_o sea_n but_o even_o into_o the_o land_n sect._n 5._o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n in_o ireland_n and_o of_o the_o fruitful_a ground_n next_o to_o the_o foregoing_a division_n of_o ireland_n take_v from_o the_o fashion_n and_o outward_a form_n of_o the_o land_n come_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o which_o consist_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n or_o ground_n some_o part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v fruitful_a and_o other_o barren_a the_o fertile_a soil_n be_v in_o some_o place_n a_o blackish_a earth_n in_o other_o clay_n and_o in_o many_o part_n mix_v of_o both_o together_o as_o likewise_o there_o be_v sundry_a place_n where_o the_o ground_n be_v mix_v of_o earth_n and_o sand_n sand_n and_o clay_n gravel_n and_o clay_n or_o earth_n but_o the_o chalke-ground_n and_o red_a earth_n which_o both_o be_v very_o plentiful_a and_o common_a in_o many_o part_n of_o england_n be_v no_o where_o to_o be_v find_v in_o ireland_n these_o ground_n differ_v among_o themselves_o in_o goodness_n and_o fatness_n not_o only_o according_a to_o the_o different_a nature_n of_o the_o soil_n whereof_o they_o consist_v but_o also_o according_a to_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o mould_n or_o uppermost_a good_a crust_n &_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n which_o lie_v next_o to_o it_o underneath_o for_o the_o best_a and_o rich_a soil_n if_o but_o half_a a_o foot_n or_o a_o foot_n deep_a and_o if_o lie_v upon_o a_o stiffie_a clay_n or_o hard_a stone_n be_v not_o so_o fertile_a as_o a_o lean_a soil_n of_o great_a depth_n and_o lie_v upon_o sand_n or_o gravel_n through_o which_o the_o superfluous_a moisture_n may_v descend_v and_o not_o stand_v still_o as_o upon_o the_o clay_n or_o stone_n make_v cold_a the_o root_n of_o the_o grass_n of_o corn_n and_o so_o hurt_v the_o whole_a there_o be_v indeed_o some_o country_n in_o ireland_n where_o the_o ground_n underneath_o be_v nothing_o but_o stone_n and_o the_o good_a mould_n upon_o it_o but_o very_o thin_a it_o be_v nevertheless_o very_o fruitful_a in_o corn_n and_o bring_v sweet_a grass_n in_o great_a plenty_n so_o as_o sheep_n &_o other_o cattle_n do_v wonderful_a well_o thrive_v there_o which_o kind_n of_o land_n be_v very_o common_a in_o the_o county_n of_o galloway_n and_o in_o some_o other_o county_n of_o connaught_n as_o also_o in_o sundry_a part_n of_o the_o other_o province_n but_o the_o reason_n thereof_o be_v in_o those_o part_n because_o the_o stone_n whereon_o the_o mould_n do_v lie_v so_o thin_o be_v not_o freestone_n or_o any_o such_o cold_a material_a but_o limestone_n which_o do_v so_o warm_a the_o ground_n and_o give_v it_o so_o much_o strength_n that_o what_o it_o want_v in_o depth_n be_v thereby_o large_o recompense_v sect._n 6._o cause_n hinder_v the_o fruitfulness_n of_o the_o ground_n where_o the_o soil_n otherwise_o be_v not_o bad_a except_o in_o the_o case_n now_o by_o we_o declare_v neither_o corn_n nor_o grass_n will_v grow_v kind_o where_o the_o ground_n though_o otherwise_o good_a be_v not_o deep_a enough_o as_o also_o where_o it_o have_v a_o bad_a crust_n underneath_o from_o whence_o it_o come_v that_o in_o many_o place_n where_o the_o grass_n do_v grow_v very_o thick_a and_o high_a the_o same_o nevertheless_o be_v so_o unfit_a for_o the_o food_n of_o beast_n that_o cow_n and_o sheep_n will_v hardly_o touch_v it_o especial_o if_o they_o have_v be_v keep_v in_o better_a pasture_n first_o except_o that_o by_o extreme_a famine_n they_o be_v compel_v thereto_o and_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o coarsness_n and_o sourness_n of_o the_o grass_n cause_v by_o the_o stand_n still_o of_o the_o water_n the_o which_o through_o the_o unfitness_n of_o the_o nether_a crust_n find_v not_o a_o free_a passage_n downward_o make_v cold_a the_o good_a mould_n and_o the_o crop_n and_o grass_n degenerate_a from_o its_o natural_a goodness_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o land_n in_o many_o part_n where_o otherwise_o the_o soil_n in_o itself_o will_v be_v fit_a enough_o to_o produce_v good_a wheat_n or_o barley_n will_v hardly_o bear_v any_o thing_n else_o but_o oat_n or_o rye_n and_o that_o none_o of_o the_o best_a as_o in_o other_o part_n the_o fault_n be_v in_o the_o soil_n itself_o

short_a time_n the_o use_n thereof_o grow_v very_o common_a among_o they_o so_o as_o many_o of_o ●hem_n ever_o after_o use_v no_o other_o kind_n of_o dung_n the_o manner_n of_o it_o be_v thus_o having_n first_o plough_v their_o field_n they_o carry_v the_o lime_n on_o they_o and_o lay_v it_o in_o many_o small_a heap_n leave_v a_o convenient_a distance_n between_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o use_v to_o be_v do_v with_o the_o dung_n of_o beast_n and_o have_v let_v they_o lie_v for_o some_o month_n they_o plough_v the_o land_n again_o to_o convey_v the_o lime_n into_o the_o ground_n this_o make_v it_o so_o rich_a that_o in_o a_o great_a while_n after_o nothing_o else_o need_v to_o be_v do_v to_o it_o but_o to_o let_v the_o land_n at_o a_o certain_a revolution_n of_o time_n lie_v fallow_a no_o other_o manure_v at_o all_o be_v requisite_a for_o some_o year_n after_o and_o all_o that_o while_o the_o land_n be_v very_o fruitful_a more_o than_o it_o can_v have_v be_v make_v with_o any_o ordinary_a dung_n and_o very_o free_a of_o all_o sort_n of_o bad_a herb_n and_o weed_n especial_o for_o the_o first_o year_n bring_v corn_n with_o much_o thin_a husk_n than_o that_o grow_n upon_o other_o land_n they_o find_v that_o the_o lime_n carry_v upon_o the_o land_n hot_a out_o of_o the_o kiln_n do_v more_o good_a in_o all_o the_o forementioned_a particular_n than_o when_o they_o let_v it_o grow_v cold_a first_o and_o this_o they_o can_v do_v very_o easy_o because_o limestone_n be_v very_o plentiful_a in_o that_o county_n especial_o in_o the_o town_n of_o monrath_n where_o there_o be_v a_o whole_a hill_n of_o that_o stone_n of_o that_o bigness_n that_o if_o all_o the_o adjacent_a country_n do_v continual_o fetch_v it_o from_o thence_o for_o the_o forename_a use_n it_o will_v for_o ever_o hold_v out_o sufficient_o the_o land_n thus_o manure_v and_o improve_v by_o lime_n show_v its_o fruitfulness_n not_o only_o in_o the_o follow_a year_n but_o even_o in_o the_o first_o except_o the_o lime_n have_v be_v lay_v on_o in_o undue_a proportion_n and_o in_o great_a quantity_n than_o be_v requisite_a for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o lime_n burn_v the_o corn_n and_o the_o first_o year_n crop_n be_v thereby_o spoil_v in_o some_o place_n where_o the_o land_n be_v not_o cold_a and_o moist_a enough_o to_o be_v able_a to_o endure_v mere_a lime_n they_o mix_v the_o lime_n with_o earth_n dig_v out_o of_o pit_n and_o let_v that_o stuff_n lie_v a_o mellow_n in_o great_a heap_n for_o some_o month_n together_o and_o afterward_o carry_v it_o on_o the_o land_n and_o manure_v that_o therewith_o sect._n 7._o a_o remarkable_a history_n concern_v the_o excellency_n of_o lime_n for_o the_o inricheng_fw-mi of_o the_o ground_n how_o incredible_o the_o land_n be_v enrich_v by_o this_o kind_n of_o manure_v may_v be_v gather_v by_o the_o ensue_a particular_a the_o whole_a lordship_n of_o mounrath_n be_v thirty_o year_n ago_o set_v by_o one_o mr._n downing_n who_o it_o be_v and_o who_o afterward_o sell_v it_o to_o sir_n charles_n coot_n for_o fifty_o pound_n sterling_a by_o the_o year_n and_o nevertheless_o after_o a_o while_n the_o farmer_n surrender_v it_o unto_o he_o complain_v that_o they_o can_v not_o live_v by_o it_o but_o be_v quite_o impoverish_v where_o as_o they_o who_o farm_a it_o next_o after_o they_o be_v people_n new_o come_v out_o of_o england_n &_o give_v a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o pound_n sterling_a a_o year_n st●rling_v for_o it_o do_v not_o only_o live_v very_o free_o upon_o it_o yea_o grow_v rich_a and_o wealthy_a but_o withal_o do_v so_o far_o forth_o improve_v the_o land_n partly_o indeed_o with_o building_n plaut_a hedge_v and_o the_o like_a but_o chief_o by_o this_o kind_n of_o manue_v that_o ●t_a the_o time_n when_o this_o last_o horrible_a rebellion_n break_v forth_o the_o same_o lordship_n if_o it_o have_v be_v to_o let_v out_o then_o mighe_o have_v be_v let_v for_o five_o hundred_o pound_n sterling_a a_o year_n as_o it_o have_v be_v assure_v i_o by_o some_o who_o themselves_o have_v be_v farmer_n of_o that_o land_n sect._n 8._o another_o history_n show_v the_o efficacy_n of_o lime_n in_o this_o particular_a before_o we_o give_v over_o this_o discourse_n of_o lime_n we_o shall_v add_v to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v already_o that_o in_o some_o other_o part_n of_o ireland_n where_o this_o manure_n with_o lime_n be_v not_o use_v nor_o know_v the_o virtue_n of_o lime_n in_o this_o particular_a have_v be_v find_v out_o by_o mere_a chance_n for_o some_o person_n know_v to_o i_o who_o live_v but_o a_o few_o mile_n from_o dublin_n have_v understand_v that_o the_o crow_n wherewith_o they_o be_v much_o plague_v and_o who_o do_v use_v to_o make_v very_o great_a spoil_n of_o their_o grain_n will_v not_o touch_v the_o corn_n wherewith_o the_o lime_n be_v mix_v do_v cause_n unslake_v lime_n to_o be_v mingle_v with_o water_n make_v it_o as_o thin_a as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v for_o the_o whiten_n of_o wall_n and_o very_o well_o bespringle_v the_o corn_n therewith_o before_o it_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o field_n to_o be_v sow_v and_o that_o after_o this_o manner_n the_o corn_n lie_v on_o a_o heap_n one_o turn_v it_o with_o both_o hand_n while_o another_o sprinkle_v on_o the_o foresaid_a stuff_n do_v so_o until_o the_o whole_a heap_n be_v thorough_o besprinkle_v at_o other_o time_n they_o mingle_v dry_a lime_n with_o the_o corn_n and_o afterward_o besprinkle_v the_o whole_a heap_n with_o fair_a water_n through_o and_o through_o for_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o hereby_o they_o do_v not_o only_o obtain_v the_o aforesaid_a end_n of_o preserve_v the_o corn_n from_o the_o crow_n but_o have_v thereby_o a_o fair_a and_o better_a crop_n than_o ever_o before_o their_o land_n have_v produce_v sect._n 9_o of_o seasand_n lime_n be_v much_o use_v in_o the_o province_n of_o munster_n as_o in_o other_o part_n of_o ireland_n so_o for_o to_o manure_v the_o ground_n withal_o where_o the_o seasand_n likewise_o be_v great_o use_v to_o the_o same_o end_n not_o only_o in_o place_n lie_v on_o the_o seaside_n but_o even_o ten_o twelve_o and_o fifteen_o mile_n into_o the_o land_n whether_o it_o be_v carry_v in_o some_o place_n by_o boat_n and_o in_o other_o upon_o cart_n the_o charge_n be_v sufficient_o recompense_v by_o the_o pro●it_n come_v from_o it_o for_o they_o use_v it_o for_o the_o most_o part_n only_o upon_o very_o poor_a land_n consist_v of_o cold_a clay_n and_o that_o above_o half_a a_o foot_n deep_a which_o land_n have_v be_v three_o or_o f●ur_n time_n plough_v &_o harrow_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o be_v usual_a to_o be_v do_v with_o fallow_a the_o sand_n be_v straw_v all_o over_o very_o thin_o a_o little_a before_o the_o sow_a time_n the_o which_o be_v do_v that_o land_n bring_v very_o good_a corn_n of_o all_o sort_n not_o only_a rye_n and_o oates_n but_o even_o barley_n and_o wheat_n three_o year_n one_o after_o another_o and_o have_v lyen_fw-we fallow_a the_o four_o year_n for_o many_o year_n after_o it_o produce_v very_o clean_a and_o sweet_a grass_n whereas_o former_o and_o before_o it_o be_v thus_o manure_v it_o produce_v nothing_o but_o moss_n heath_n and_o short_a low_a furze_n which_o herb_n be_v fire_v upon_o the_o ground_n and_o the_o ground_n stub_a before_o it_o be_v plough_v the_o first_o time_n it_o be_v not_o any_o peculiar_a sort_n of_o seasand_n nor_o out_o of_o any_o particular_a place_n which_o be_v use_v for_o this_o purpose_n but_o that_o which_o every_o where_o lie_v on_o the_o strand_n and_o this_o manner_n of_o manure_v the_o land_n with_o seasand_n be_v very_o common_a in_o the_o two_o most_o westerly_a shire_n of_o england_n cornwall_n and_o devonshire_n from_o whence_o those_o who_o first_o practise_v it_o in_o ireland_n seem_v to_o have_v learn_v it_o sect._n 10._o of_o brine_n or_o pickle_n the_o goodness_n of_o the_o seasand_n consist_v chief_o in_o its_o saltness_n for_o which_o reason_n pickle_v itself_o be_v very_o good_a for_o this_o purpose_n it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v to_o several_a english_a dwelling_n about_o the_o band_n and_o colrain_n that_o be_v farmer_n of_o the_o salmon-fishing_a there_o who_o use_v every_o year_n careful_o to_o keep_v the_o soul_n pikle_n come_v of_o the_o salmon_n at_o their_o repack_n and_o have_v pour_v it_o among_o the_o ordinary_a dung_n of_o cattle_n and_o straw_n they_o do_v let_v they_o lie_v a_o good_a while_o a_o mellow_n together_o hereby_o it_o be_v great_o strengthen_v and_o enrich_v so_o that_o the_o land_n be_v dung_v with_o it_o do_v bear_v much_o better_a and_o rich_a crop_n than_o that_o which_o be_v manure_v only_o with_o common_a dung_n without_o the_o mixture_n of_o it_o chap._n xii_o sect._n 1_o of_o

the_o marl_n in_o ireland_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o marling_n the_o land_n there_o marle_n be_v a_o certain_a sort_n of_o fat_a and_o clayish_a stuff_n be_v as_o the_o grease_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o have_v from_o ancient_a time_n on_o great_o use_v for_o manure_v of_o land_n both_o in_o france_n and_o england_n as_o may_v appear_v out_o of_o pliny_n in_o the_o six_o seven_o and_o eight_o chapter_n of_o his_o seventeen_o book_n the_o same_o also_o be_v still_o very_a usual_a in_o sundry_a part_n of_o england_n be_v of_o a_o incomparable_a goodness_n the_o which_o cause_v the_o english_a who_o out_o of_o some_o of_o those_o place_n where_o marle_n be_v use_v be_v come_v to_o live_v in_o ireland_n to_o make_v diligent_a search_n for_o it_o and_o that_o with_o good_a success_n at_o last_o it_o have_v be_v find_v out_o by_o they_o within_o these_o few_o year_n in_o several_a place_n first_o in_o the_o kings-county_n not_o far_o from_o the_o shanon_n where_o be_v of_o a_o gray_a colour_n it_o be_v dig_v out_o of_o the_o bog_n and_o in_o the_o county_n of_o wexford_n where_o the_o use_n of_o it_o be_v grow_v very_o common_a before_o this_o rebellion_n especial_o in_o the_o part_n lie_v near_o the_o sea_n where_o it_o stand_v they_o in_o very_o good_a steed_n the_o land_n of_o itself_o be_v nothing_o fruitful_a for_o although_o the_o ground_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v a_o good_a black_a earth_n yet_o the_o same_o be_v but_o one_o foot_n deep_a and_o have_v underneath_o a_o crust_n of_o stiff_a yellow_a clay_n of_o half_a a_o foot_n be_v thereby_o great_o impair_v in_o its_o own_o goodness_n in_o this_o depth_n of_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a next_o under_o the_o clay_n lie_v the_o marl_n the_o which_o reach_v so_o far_o downward_o that_o yet_o no_o where_o they_o be_v come_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o it_o be_v of_o a_o blue_a colour_n and_o very_o fat_a which_o as_o in_o other_o ground_n so_o in_o this_o be_v chief_o perceive_v when_o it_o be_v wet_a but_o brittle_a and_o dusty_a when_o it_o be_v dry_a sect._n 2._o the_o manner_n charge_n and_o profit_n of_o marling_n the_o ground_n the_o marl_n be_v lay_v upon_o the_o land_n in_o heap_n by_o some_o before_o it_o be_v plough_v by_o other_o after_o many_o let_v it_o lie_v several_a month_n ere_o they_o plough_v it_o again_o that_o the_o rain_n may_v equal_o divide_v and_o mix_v it_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o air_n mellow_a and_o incorporate_v it_o with_o the_o earth_n one_o thousand_o cartloads_a of_o this_o go_v to_o one_o english_a acre_n of_o ground_n it_o be_v very_o chargeable_a for_o even_o to_o those_o who_o dig_v it_o out_o of_o their_o own_o ground_n so_o as_o they_o be_v at_o no_o other_o expense_n but_o the_o hire_n of_o the_o labourer_n every_o acre_n come_v to_o stand_v in_o three_o pound_n sterling_a but_o these_o great_a expense_n be_v sufficient_o recompense_v by_o the_o great_a fruitfulness_n which_o it_o cause_v be_v such_o as_o may_v seem_v incredible_a for_o the_o marled-land_n even_o the_o very_a first_o year_n full_o quit_v all_o the_o cost_n bestow_v on_o it_o there_o beside_o it_o be_v sufficient_a once_o to_o marle_n whereas_o the_o ordinary_a dung_v must_v be_v renew_v oftentimes_o sect._n 3_o the_o usage_n of_o the_o marled-land_n practise_v by_o they_o of_o the_o county_n of_o wexford_n the_o good_a usage_n of_o the_o marled-land_n to_o keep_v it_o in_o heart_n for_o ever_o after_o do_v consist_v in_o the_o opinion_n and_o practice_n of_o some_o in_o let_v it_o lie_v fallow_a at_o convenient_a time_n but_o the_o ordinary_a manner_n common_o practise_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o county_n of_o wexford_n and_o count_v the_o best_a by_o they_o be_v that_o have_v sow_v it_o five_o or_o six_o year_n together_o with_o the_o rich_a sort_n of_o corn_n to_o wit_n wheat_n and_o barley_n especial_o that_o sort_n which_o in_o some_o part_n of_o england_n and_o general_o in_o ireland_n be_v peculiar_o call_v bear_n be_v a_o much_o rich_a grain_n than_o the_o ordinary_a barley_n it_o be_v afterward_o turn_v to_o pasture_n whereunto_o it_o be_v very_o fit_a forasmuch_o as_o it_o bring_v very_o sweet_a grass_n in_o great_a abundance_n for_o the_o marl_n be_v also_o use_v on_o meadow_n at_o the_o first_o with_o very_o good_a success_n improve_n the_o same_o most_o wonderful_o if_o the_o marled-land_n be_v thus_o use_v and_o by_o turn_n keep_v under_o corn_n and_o grass_n it_o keep_v its_o fruitfulness_n for_o ever_o where_o to_o the_o contrary_a if_o year_n after_o year_n it_o be_v sow_v till_o the_o heart_n be_v draw_v out_o it_o be_v quite_o spoil_v so_o as_o afterward_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o bring_v it_o again_o to_o any_o passable_a condition_n by_o any_o kind_n of_o dung_v or_o marling_n this_o will_v ordinary_o be_v do_v in_o the_o space_n of_o ten_o year_n for_o so_o long_o together_o the_o marled-land_n may_v be_v sow_v and_o bring_v every_o year_n a_o rich_a crop_n of_o the_o best_a corn._n nevertheless_o this_o be_v not_o general_a but_o take_v place_n only_o in_o the_o worse_a kind_n of_o ground_n for_o where_o the_o land_n of_o itself_o be_v better_o and_o rich_a there_o after_o marling_n wheat_n and_o other_o corn_n may_v be_v sow_v not_o only_o for_o ten_o year_n together_o but_o long_o for_o very_o credible_a person_n have_v assure_v i_o that_o some_o part_n of_o the_o county_n of_o wexford_n have_v bo●n_o very_o good_a corn_n for_o thirteen_o year_n together_o and_o afterward_o be_v turn_v to_o pasture_n it_o be_v as_o good_a and_o fertile_a as_o other_o marled-ground_n that_o have_v be_v under_o corn_n but_o five_o or_o six_o year_n sect._n 4._o of_o the_o marl_n in_o connaught_n the_o province_n of_o connaught_n by_o what_o have_v be_v discover_v be_v much_o more_o plentiful_a in_o marl_n than_o leinster_n as_o in_o other_o county_n so_o in_o those_o of_o roscoman_n slego_n and_o galloway_n almost_o in_o every_o part_n of_o it_o it_o be_v there_o of_o three_o several_a colour_n some_o be_v white_a as_o chalk_v other_o gray_a and_o some_o black_a but_o none_o blue_a as_o that_o in_o the_o county_n of_o wexford_n it_o lie_v nothing_o deep_a under_o the_o upper-ground_n or_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n common_o not_o above_o half_a a_o foot_n but_o it_o be_v own_o depth_n be_v so_o great_a that_o never_o any_o body_n yet_o dig_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o the_o land_n which_o they_o intend_v to_o marle_n in_o this_o province_n be_v common_o plough_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o may_n and_o lie_v five_o or_o six_o week_n until_o it_o be_v sufficient_o dry_v and_o mellow_a by_o the_o sun_n and_o wind_n they_o harrow_v it_o and_o then_o have_v bring_v the_o marl_n upon_o it_o five_o or_o six_o week_n after_o it_o be_v plough_v again_o and_o a_o three_o time_n about_o september_n after_o which_o three_o plough_v they_o sow_v it_o with_o wheat_n or_o barley_n whereof_o they_o have_v a_o very_a rich_a crop_n the_o next_o year_n sect._n 5._o property_n and_o usage_n of_o the_o marled-land_n in_o connaught_n land_n marl_v in_o that_o manner_n as_o we_o have_v say_v may_v be_v sow_v ten_o or_o twelve_o year_n together_o the_o first_o eight_o or_o nine-with_a wheat_n and_o bear_v or_o barley_n and_o the_o remain_v three_o or_o four_o year_n with_o oat_n afterward_o the_o land_n be_v turn_v to_o pasture_n and_o have_v serve_v some_o year_n in_o that_o kind_n it_o may_v be_v marl_v anew_o and_o make_v as_o good_a for_o corn_n as_o at_o the_o first_o for_o the_o observation_n of_o those_o of_o the_o county_n of_o wexford_n that_o land_n may_v not_o be_v marl_v more_o than_o once_o do_v not_o take_v place_n in_o connaught_n where_o it_o be_v a_o ordinary_a thing_n have_v some_o space_n of_o year_n to_o make_v it_o again_o i_o know_v some_o gentleman_n who_o have_v cause_v some_o parcel_n of_o land_n to_o be_v marl_v thrice_o in_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o year_n and_o have_v find_v very_o good_a profit_n by_o it_o but_o whether_o this_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o marl_n appear_v also_o hereby_o that_o in_o connaught_n they_o scarce_o lay_v the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o marle_n on_o the_o ground_n of_o what_o they_o do_v in_o the_o county_n of_o wexford_n or_o by_o the_o carelessness_n or_o want_n of_o experience_n of_o those_o of_o that_o county_n i_o be_o not_o yet_o full_o inform_v but_o thus_o much_o be_v know_v as_o well_o in_o connaught_n as_o other_o part_n that_o those_o who_o sow_v the_o marled-land_n until_o it_o can_v bear_v no_o more_o and_o be_v quite_o out_o of_o heart_n will_v find_v it_o exceed_v difficult_a if_o not_o altogether_o impossible_a ever_o to_o amend_v or_o improve_v

but_o all_o the_o wall_n quite_o through_o and_o at_o the_o outside_n as_o well_o as_o at_o the_o inside_n be_v perfect_o burn_v and_o turn_v into_o good_a brick_n wherein_o oftentimes_o through_o the_o unskilfulness_n or_o neglect_n of_o those_o who_o make_v &_o fill_v these_o kiln_n and_o of_o those_o that_o govern_v the_o fire_n there_o be_v great_a loss_n and_o that_o two_o manner_n of_o way_n for_o sometime_o great_a part_n of_o the_o brick_n be_v find_v not_o to_o be_v sufficient_o nor_o uniform_o burn_v and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o fall_v out_o oftentimes_o that_o great_a quantity_n be_v reduce_v into_o one_o be_v burn_v or_o half-burnt_a into_o great_a unshape_o mass_n or_o lump_n which_o be_v good_a for_o nothing_o they_o do_v common_o burn_v in_o those_o kiln_n two_o or_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o brick_n at_o a_o time_n the_o which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n all_o charge_n be_v reckon_v come_v to_o stand_v betwixt_o six_o and_o eight_o shilling_n sterling_a the_o thousand_o sect._n 8._o of_o the_o glass_n make_v in_o ireland_n we_o shall_v conclude_v this_o chapter_n with_o the_o glass_n there_o have_v be_v several_a glass-house_n set_v up_o by_o the_o english_a in_o ireland_n none_o in_o dublin_n or_o other_o city_n but_o all_o of_o they_o in_o the_o country_n among_o which_o the_o principal_a be_v that_o of_o birre_n a_o market-town_n otherwise_o call_v parsons-town_n after_o one_o sir_n laurence_n parson_n who_o have_v purchase_v that_o lordship_n build_v a_o goodly_a house_n upon_o it_o his_o son_n william_n parson_n have_v succeed_v he_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o it_o which_o town_n be_v situate_a in_o queen_n county_n about_o fifty_o mile_n to_o the_o south-west_n of_o dublin_n upon_o the_o border_n of_o the_o two_o province_n of_o leinster_n and_o munster_n from_o this_o place_n dublin_n be_v furnish_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o window_n and_o drinking-glass_n and_o such_o other_o as_o common_o be_v in_o use_n one_o part_n of_o the_o material_n viz._n the_o sand_n they_o have_v out_o of_o england_n the_o other_o to_o wit_n the_o ash_n they_o make_v in_o the_o place_n of_o ash-tree_n and_o use_v no_o other_o the_o chief_a difficulty_n be_v to_o get_v the_o clay_n for_o the_o pot_n to_o melt_v the_o material_n in_o this_o they_o have_v out_o of_o the_o north._n chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o temperature_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o air_n and_o season_n in_o ireland_n as_o for_o heat_n cold_a and_o moisture_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o cold_a weather_n and_o the_o frost_n although_o the_o climate_n of_o ireland_n be_v somewhat_o northerly_a the_o land_n extend_v itself_o from_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o one_o and_o fifty_o degree_n of_o latitude_n until_o the_o end_n of_o the_o five_o and_o fifty_o nevertheless_o be_v the_o air_n there_o very_o temperate_a and_o nothing_o subject_a to_o violent_a cold_n not_o only_o in_o munster_n leinster_n and_o connaught_n but_o even_o in_o the_o most_o northern-part_n to_o wit_v the_o province_n of_o ulster_n much_o less_o than_o any_o other_o land_n lie_v in_o the_o same_o height_n or_o latitude_n yea_o than_o many_o country_n of_o a_o much_o more_o southerly-climate_n true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o cold-weather_n do_v common_o begin_v here_o somewhat_o soon_o namely_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o october_n and_o sometime_o in_o the_o middle_n or_o latter_a end_n of_o september_n continue_v ordinary_o the_o space_n of_o five_o or_o six_o month_n until_o the_o midst_n or_o latter_a end_n of_o march_n and_o sometime_o also_o good_a part_n of_o april_n during_o which_o whole_a space_n of_o time_n all_o such_o person_n as_o be_v chilly_a and_o cold_a of_o nature_n and_o do_v sit_v still_o much_o can_v hardly_o be_v any_o long_a while_n without_o a_o fire_n but_o again_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v very_o seldom_o violent_o cold_a there_o and_o freeze_v but_o little_a there_o be_v common_o three_o or_o four_o frost_n in_o one_o winter_n but_o they_o be_v very_o short_a seldom_o last_v long_o than_o three_o or_o four_o day_n together_o &_o withal_o at_o their_o very_a worst_a nothing_o near_o so_o violent_a as_o in_o most_o other_o country_n so_o that_o some_o all_o winter_n long_o hardly_o come_v near_o a_o fire_n once_o in_o a_o day_n and_o that_o not_o only_o in_o the_o ordinary_a cold_a weather_n but_o even_o whilst_o it_o be_v a_o freeze_a yea_o many_o time_n the_o cold_a be_v so_o slack_a even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o winter-moneth_n that_o by_o walk_v only_o or_o do_v some_o other_o moderate_a exercise_n you_o shall_v find_v yourself_o as_o warm_v and_o the_o air_n as_o sweet_a and_o pleasant_a as_o if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o month_n of_o may._n there_o have_v be_v some_o winter_n wherein_o it_o have_v freeze_v ten_o or_o twelve_o day_n together_o so_o as_o the_o liffie_a and_o other_o the_o like_a river_n be_v quite_o freeze_v and_o may_v be_v go_v upon_o by_o man_n and_o beast_n but_o those_o be_v altogether_o extraordinary_a and_o do_v come_v very_o seldom_o hardly_o once_o in_o the_o space_n of_o ten_o or_o twelve_o year_n but_o how_o mild_a they_o ordinary_o be_v and_o how_o little_a subject_n to_o excessive_a cold_a may_v appear_v hereby_o that_o all_o kind_n of_o beast_n and_o cattle_n as_o cow_n horse_n and_o sheep_n do_v there_o all_o winter_n long_o remain_v abroad_o and_o do_v ●eed_o in_o the_o field_n where_o they_o be_v leave_v in_o the_o nighttime_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o day_n and_o that_o many_o herb_n which_o in_o england_n and_o netherlands_n do●_n die_v every_o winter_n here_o continue_v all_o the_o year_n long_o sect._n 2._o of_o the_o warm-weather_n and_o as_o the_o cold_a in_o winter_n be_v very_o moderate_a and_o tolerable_a so_o be_v also_o the_o heat_n in_o summer_n the_o which_o be_v seldom_o so_o great_a even_o in_o the_o hot_a time_n of_o the_o year_n as_o to_o be_v great_o troublesome_a and_o it_o fall_v out_o oft_o enough_o in_o the_o very_a summer-moneth_n that_o the_o weather_n be_v more_o inclinable_a to_o cold_a than_o to_o heat_n so_o as_o one_o may_v very_o well_o endure_v to_o come_v near_o a_o good_a fire_n and_o this_o come_v to_o pass_v only_o during_o the_o wet-weather_n for_o else_o and_o whilst_o it_o be_v fair_a it_o be_v very_o warm_a all_o summer_n long_o albeit_o seldom_o overhot_a and_o so_o it_o be_v many_o time_n also_o even_o on_o the_o rainy_a day_n whereas_o for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o be_v very_o cool_a in_o they_o and_o the_o heat_n much_o less_o than_o the_o season_n do_v require_v sect._n 3_o of_o the_o rain_n and_o we●-weather_n the_o rain_n be_v very_o ordinary_a in_o ireland_n and_o it_o rain_v there_o very_a much_o all_o the_o year_n long_o in_o the_o summer_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o winter_n common_o in_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o year_n it_o be_v very_o fair_a weather_n with_o clear_a sunshine_n from_o morning_n till_o night_n for_o the_o space_n of_o five_o or_o six_o week_n together_o with_o very_o little_a or_o no_o interruption_n which_o fair_a weather_n begin_v common_o in_o the_o mon●th_n of_o march_n some_o year_n in_o the_o beginning_n other_o year_n in_o the_o midst_n and_o sometime_o in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o it_o but_o the_o same_o be_v once_o past_a it_o rain_v afterward_o very_o much_o all_o the_o summer_n long_o so_o as_o it_o be_v a_o rare_a thing_n to_o see_v a_o whole_a week_n pass_v without_o it_o and_o many_o summer_n it_o be_v never_o dry_a weather_n two_o or_o three_o day_n together_o which_o inconstancy_n and_o wetness_n of_o the_o weather_n be_v not_o only_o troublesome_a to_o man_n but_o also_o hurtful_a to_o all_o thing_n grow_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n for_o man_n behoof_n for_o the_o heat_n never_o be_v very_o great_a and_o there_o beside_o often_o interrupt_v by_o the_o intervention_n of_o the_o foul_a weather_n have_v neither_o time_n nor_o strength_n enough_o to_o ripen_v they_o so_o well_o and_o so_o soon_o as_o otherwise_o it_o will_v whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o as_o well_o the_o fruit_n of_o tree_n as_o the_o corn_n and_o grass_n here_o common_o much_o ●ater_n do_v come_v to_o perfection_n than_o in_o the_o most_o part_n of_o other_o neighbour_a country_n and_o as_o the_o ripeness_n of_o the_o fruit_n and_o other_o increase_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v great_o retard_v by_o the_o abundance_n of_o unseasonable_a rain_n so_o it_o do_v also_o fall_v out_o oftentimes_o that_o the_o same_o be_v come_v to_o ripeness_n it_o be_v difficult_a to_o get_v they_o in_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o exceed_a store_n of_o rain_n which_o do_v come_v down_o during_o the_o hay-time_n and_o the_o harvest_n wherefore_o it_o behove_v one_o here_o to_o be_v wonderful_a diligent_a and_o not_o to_o lose_v any_o part_n of_o the_o fair_a weather_n