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Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
ground_n draw_v line_n point_n 2,200 5 9.3142 4 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A55335 The history of Polybius, the Megalopolitan containing a general account of the transactions of the world, and principally of the Roman people, during the first and second Punick wars : translated by Sir H.S. : to which is added, A character of Polybius and his writings by Mr. Dryden : the first volume.; Historiae. English Polybius.; Dryden, John, 1631-1700. Character of Polybius and his writings.; Sheeres, Henry, Sir, d. 1710. 1698 (1698) Wing P2787; ESTC R13675 386,363 841

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will_v be_v find_v not_o only_o capable_a and_o insufficient_a in_o thing_n that_o be_v divers_a but_o in_o the_o selfsame_a thing_n we_o shall_v see_v he_o wise_a and_o weak_a brave_a and_o a_o coward_n by_o fit_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n new_a in_o what_o we_o remark_n on_o this_o subject_a or_o remote_a from_o common_a observation_n and_o experience_n if_o we_o but_o consider_v with_o attention_n some_o man_n in_o heat_n of_o the_o chase_n will_v bold_o attack_v a_o wild_a beast_n and_o do_v as_o brave_o in_o single_a combat_n yet_o can_v endure_v the_o danger_n of_o a_o battle_n and_o be_v not_o to_o be_v trust_v in_o any_o solemn_a occasion_n in_o the_o field_n thus_o the_o thessalian_a horse_n be_v not_o to_o be_v break_v or_o resist_v when_o form_v into_o a_o body_n in_o a_o line_n of_o battle_n but_o single_o and_o man_n to_o man_n they_o be_v but_o a_o slight_a people_n the_o contrary_a whereof_o be_v find_v of_o the_o aetolian_n the_o candiot_n be_v wonderful_a in_o 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customary_a vigilance_n which_o be_v perceive_v by_o hannibal_n who_o now_o despair_v of_o safety_n in_o the_o town_n take_v this_o negligence_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o a_o invitation_n to_o he_o to_o attempt_v his_o escape_n he_o therefore_o about_o midnight_n with_o the_o foreign_a troop_n that_o be_v in_o the_o town_n take_v his_o march_n and_o fill_v the_o roman_a trench_n with_o faggot_n pass_v over_o their_o work_n and_o escape_v unhurt_a and_o unseen_a the_o roman_n who_o see_v not_o their_o error_n till_o the_o morning_n content_v themselves_o with_o a_o short_a pursuit_n attacking_z they_o in_o the_o rear_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o town_n without_o resistance_n where_o they_o take_v many_o slave_n and_o a_o inestimable_a booty_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o riches_n there_o be_v great_a joy_n at_o rome_n on_o the_o news_n of_o the_o take_n of_o agrigentum_n every-body_n be_v please_v and_o each_o man_n courage_n and_o hope_n be_v raise_v and_o they_o resolve_v to_o prosecute_v the_o success_n of_o these_o their_o first_o enterprise_n they_o think_v it_o not_o now_o enough_o to_o have_v rescue_v messina_n and_o enrich_v themselves_o by_o the_o war_n but_o elevate_v their_o purpose_n and_o expectation_n to_o the_o entire_a expel_v the_o carthaginian_n out_o of_o sicily_n and_o exalt_v the_o roman_a name_n and_o power_n for_o indeed_o that_o be_v the_o true_a mark_n towards_o which_o all_o their_o aim_n be_v level_v to_o proceed_v it_o be_v now_o evident_a that_o the_o roman_n be_v superior_a by_o land_n and_o that_o their_o hope_n be_v not_o ill_o ground_v that_o l._n valerius_n and_o l._n octacilius_n the_o new_a consul_n successor_n to_o those_o who_o take_v agrigentum_n will_v be_v able_a to_o go_v through_o with_o the_o conquest_n of_o sicily_n but_o still_o the_o carthaginian_n be_v master_n at_o sea_n and_o this_o regard_v preserve_v they_o yet_o in_o equal_a term_n and_o hope_n with_o their_o enemy_n it_o be_v
great_o avail_v the_o carthaginian_n in_o the_o prosecute_a their_o design_n in_o spain_n for_o as_o we_o have_v already_o observe_v the_o roman_n who_o be_v resolve_v to_o put_v first_o a_o period_n to_o their_o dispute_n with_o the_o gaul_n be_v constrain_v to_o yield_v to_o their_o fear_n of_o a_o enemy_n who_o they_o think_v now_o in_o their_o neighbourhood_n and_o to_o postpone_v their_o consideration_n of_o spain_n and_o their_o affair_n on_o that_o side_n till_o they_o shall_v have_v first_o compose_v and_o settle_v those_o at_o home_n and_o secure_v and_o establish_v the_o commonwealth_n against_o the_o danger_n that_o then_o threaten_v according_o the_o treaty_n be_v ratify_v which_o they_o make_v with_o asdrubal_n their_o thought_n be_v entire_o take_v up_o with_o the_o present_a enemy_n where_o it_o be_v agree_v by_o all_o that_o the_o safe_a course_n be_v to_o come_v speedy_o to_o a_o battle_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o goesates_n have_v pass_v the_o alps_n with_o a_o magnificent_a army_n furnish_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o arm_n come_v and_o join_v the_o cis-alpine_a gaul_n make_v their_o rendezvous_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o po._n the_o other_o gaul_n also_o come_v in_o after_o they_o have_v pass_v the_o country_n that_o heretofore_o belong_v to_o the_o senones_n the_o insubrian_o likewise_o and_o bojans_n who_o continue_v in_o the_o same_o opinion_n of_o prosecute_a the_o war_n join_v they_o but_o the_o veneti_n and_o cenomani_n refuse_v to_o be_v of_o the_o confederacy_n to_o who_o the_o roman_n have_v send_v their_o ambassador_n prevail_v with_o they_o to_o prefer_v their_o alliance_n with_o they_o to_o that_o of_o the_o gaul_n so_o that_o the_o border_v prince_n of_o that_o people_n be_v force_v by_o that_o mean_n to_o leave_v part_n of_o their_o force_n to_o secure_v their_o frontier_n and_o with_o a_o army_n of_o fifty_o thousand_o foot_n twenty_o thousand_o horse_n and_o as_o many_o chariot_n they_o begin_v their_o march_n towards_o tuscany_n the_o roman_n have_v now_o intelligence_n that_o the_o celtae_n have_v pass_v the_o alps_n dispatch_v with_o all_o expedition_n the_o consul_n l._n emilius_n with_o the_o legion_n to_o rimini_n there_o to_o make_v head_n against_o the_o enemy_n if_o they_o shall_v chance_v to_o attack_v they_o on_o that_o side_n they_o likewise_o send_v one_o of_o their_o praetor_n towards_o tuscany_n for_o the_o other_o consul_n c._n atilius_n be_v go_v at_o that_o time_n to_o sardinia_n with_o part_n of_o their_o troop_n but_o do_v what_o they_o can_v their_o fear_n be_v great_a at_o rome_n where_o they_o have_v reason_n to_o conclude_v their_o city_n be_v in_o danger_n enough_o and_o indeed_o none_o will_v wonder_v at_o their_o doubt_n and_o apprehension_n who_o consider_v what_o reason_n they_o have_v to_o bear_v in_o mind_n the_o calamity_n they_o have_v heretofore_o sustain_v by_o the_o invasion_n of_o this_o enemy_n they_o draw_v together_o therefore_o their_o army_n and_o levy_v new_a force_n direct_v their_o ally_n to_o have_v their_o succour_n in_o a_o readiness_n and_o order_v muster-roll_n to_o be_v bring_v from_o all_o part_n to_o the_o senate_n of_o all_o the_o young_a man_n capable_a of_o serve_v to_o the_o end_v they_o may_v take_v a_o certain_a measure_n of_o their_o strength_n likewise_o they_o fill_v up_o their_o legion_n with_o choose_a man_n and_o order_v they_o forthwith_o to_o march_n furthermore_o they_o make_v so_o great_a provision_n of_o arm_n and_o all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o war_n that_o there_o be_v no_o record_n of_o the_o like_a preparation_n in_o any_o age_n past_a in_o a_o word_n every_o one_o do_v his_o utmost_a to_o prosecute_v and_o advance_v so_o necessary_a a_o work_n for_o the_o people_n of_o italy_n terrify_v at_o this_o approach_n of_o the_o gaul_n do_v not_o act_n at_o this_o time_n as_o mere_a ally_n of_o the_o roman_n to_o aid_v and_o further_o their_o design_n of_o dominion_n and_o glory_n but_o think_v of_o nothing_o now_o but_o of_o fight_v for_o their_o own_o proper_a safety_n their_o family_n and_o fortune_n so_o that_o they_o receive_v with_o cheerfulness_n the_o order_n that_o be_v send_v they_o from_o rome_n and_o here_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o the_o power_n and_o force_n of_o that_o commonwealth_n which_o hannibal_n short_o after_o have_v the_o boldness_n to_o attempt_v and_o what_o a_o empire_n it_o be_v that_o he_o make_v the_o object_n of_o his_o ambition_n and_o wherein_o he_o succeed_v so_o far_o as_o to_o reduce_v the_o roman_n to_o the_o last_o gaspe_n and_o extremity_n of_o fortune_n let_v we_o i_o say_v make_v a_o computation_n of_o the_o provision_n they_o make_v towards_o this_o war_n whereby_o we_o shall_v perceive_v how_o far_o they_o have_v improve_v their_o force_n with_o the_o consul_n there_o march_v four_o legion_n in_o each_o legion_n be_v five_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o foot_n and_o three_o hundred_o horse_n with_o they_o likewise_o march_v the_o succour_n of_o the_o ally_n amount_v together_o to_o thirty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o two_o thousand_o horse_n furthermore_o there_o join_v they_o of_o sabine_n and_o tuscan_n above_o fifty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o about_o four_o thousand_o horse_n these_o be_v all_o conduct_v to_o the_o frontier_n under_o the_o command_n of_o a_o praetor_n to_o oppose_v the_o enemy_n there_o from_o the_o vmbrian_o and_o sarcinate_v who_o inhabitit_fw-la the_o appennines_n there_o come_v in_o to_o the_o number_n of_o twenty_o thousand_o the_o veneti_n and_o cenomanei_n send_v the_o entire_a number_n they_o be_v order_v to_o the_o utmost_a border_n of_o the_o gaul_n territory_n to_o make_v inroad_n on_o the_o country_n of_o the_o bojans_n and_o to_o force_v those_o who_o be_v already_o depart_v to_o retire_v yet_o far_o and_o keep_v they_o from_o join_v with_o the_o rest_n in_o this_o manner_n they_o have_v dispose_v their_o army_n on_o the_o frontier_n but_o at_o rome_n they_o keep_v a_o reserve_v of_o citizen_n always_o ready_a to_o move_v consist_v of_o thirty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o fifteen_o hundred_o horse_n with_o a_o surplus_n of_o troop_n of_o their_o ally_n of_o thirty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o two_o thousand_o horse_n in_o the_o general_a muster-roll_n that_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o senate_n be_v find_v fourscore_o thousand_o foot_n of_o the_o latin_n and_o five_o thousand_o horse_n of_o the_o samnite_n seventy_o thousand_o foot_n and_o seven_o thousand_o horse_n the_o japyges_n and_o messapyges_n who_o have_v likewise_o join_v with_o the_o roman_n send_v to_o their_o aid_n in_o this_o war_n fifty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o sixteen_o thousand_o horse_n the_o lucan_n supply_v they_o with_o thirty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o three_o thousand_o horse_n the_o marsian_o marrucians_n ferentines_n and_o vestine_n send_v twenty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o four_o thousand_o horse_n furthermore_o they_o have_v two_o legion_n in_o sicily_n and_o tarentum_n consist_v of_o four_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o foot_n and_o two_o hundred_o horse_n each_o and_o over_o and_o above_o all_o these_o the_o ordinary_a people_n be_v muster_v in_o rome_n and_o campania_n amount_v to_o two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o three_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o horse_n so_o that_o the_o troop_n which_o depend_v immediate_o on_o the_o senate_n and_o be_v destine_v to_o the_o guard_n and_o preservation_n of_o the_o city_n amount_v to_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o six_o thousand_o horse_n or_o thereabouts_o but_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o their_o srength_n consist_v in_o no_o less_o than_o seven_o hundred_o thousand_o foot_n and_o seventy_o thousand_o horse_n and_o though_o hannibal_n begin_v with_o a_o army_n of_o hardly_o twenty_o thousend_v man_n he_o have_v nevertheless_o the_o assurance_n to_o invade_v and_o march_v into_o italy_n against_o this_o stupendous_a force_n of_o the_o roman_n but_o this_o point_n will_v be_v better_o clear_v when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o those_o occurrence_n upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o gaul_n in_o tuscany_n they_o ravage_v and_o plunder_v the_o country_n without_o control_v and_o from_o thence_o determine_v to_o prosecute_v their_o design_n on_o rome_n and_o be_v now_o advance_v near_o clusium_n a_o town_n but_o three_o day_n march_v from_o the_o city_n when_o news_n come_v that_o the_o roman_a army_n that_o have_v be_v post_v on_o the_o frontier_n of_o tuscany_n be_v approach_v and_o be_v almost_o get_v up_o with_o their_o rear_n whereupon_o they_o face_v about_o and_o march_v to_o meet_v they_o full_a of_o resolution_n to_o come_v to_o a_o battle_n and_o now_o towards_o the_o evening_n the_o two_o army_n draw_v so_o near_o that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o incamp_v on_o the_o ground_n where_o they_o be_v leave_v but_o a_o very_a strait_a space_n between_o their_o camp_n but_o when_o night_n be_v shut_v in_o the_o gaul_n
light_v their_o fire_n in_o their_o camp_n depart_v leave_v their_o horse_n behind_o with_o order_n to_o follow_v they_o the_o same_o way_n they_o take_v with_o command_n at_o break_v of_o day_n to_o show_v themselves_o to_o the_o enemy_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n they_o take_v their_o march_n silent_o towards_o faesula_n where_o they_o halt_v to_o attend_v the_o come_n up_o of_o their_o horse_n and_o to_o attack_v the_o enemy_n by_o surprise_n if_o they_o shall_v advance_v after_o they_o in_o the_o morning_n the_o roman_n perceive_v they_o be_v retreat_v and_o have_v leave_v only_o their_o horse_n eager_o go_v on_o the_o pursuit_n take_v for_o grant_v that_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o enemy_n be_v a_o sort_n of_o flight_n but_o they_o be_v no_o soon_o advance_v within_o distance_n when_o the_o gaul_n who_o lie_v in_o ambush_n begin_v to_o appear_v and_o a_o very_a sharp_a conflict_n ensue_v wherein_o the_o boldness_n and_o number_n of_o the_o gaul_n prevail_v of_o the_o roman_n there_o fall_v six_o thousand_o on_o the_o spot_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o rest_n make_v good_a their_o retreat_n to_o a_o rise_a piece_n of_o ground_n well_o situate_a for_o defence_n where_o they_o abide_v the_o gaul_n resolve_v present_o to_o besiege_v they_o but_o be_v now_o weary_a with_o march_v and_o harass_v with_o the_o service_n of_o the_o precede_a day_n they_o only_o leave_v for_o that_o time_n a_o party_n of_o their_o horse_n on_o the_o guard_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n where_o the_o roman_n be_v entrench_v and_o retire_v to_o refresh_v and_o repose_v themselves_o with_o resolution_n the_o next_o morning_n to_o attack_v and_o take_v they_o by_o force_n if_o they_o refuse_v condition_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n l._n aemilius_n who_o have_v be_v send_v to_o rimini_n to_o guard_n the_o coast_n of_o the_o adriatic_a seasonable_o arrive_v who_o have_v receive_v intelligence_n that_o the_o enemy_n have_v enter_v tuscany_n and_o far_o that_o they_o be_v advance_v towards_o the_o city_n he_o immediate_o march_v to_o join_v the_o other_o army_n and_o now_o approach_v those_o who_o be_v entrench_v on_o the_o hill_n discover_v they_o at_o a_o distance_n by_o their_o fire_n wherefore_o take_v courage_n and_o disguise_v some_o of_o their_o people_n they_o send_v they_o private_o through_o the_o wood_n to_o give_v they_o a_o account_n of_o the_o present_a posture_n of_o their_o affair_n the_o consul_n aemilius_n have_v not_o now_o leisure_n for_o much_o consultation_n order_v the_o tribune_n to_o march_v with_o the_o foot_n by_o break_n of_o day_n while_o himself_o at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o horse_n speed_v away_o direct_o towards_o the_o hill_n but_o the_o principal_a officer_n of_o the_o gaul_n who_o judge_v by_o the_o fire_n they_o have_v see_v over_o night_n that_o the_o roman_n be_v arrive_v hold_v a_o counsel_n to_o debate_v and_o determine_v how_o they_o ought_v to_o proceed_v when_o the_o king_n aneroestus_n advise_v they_o to_o consider_v with_o caution_n what_o they_o do_v he_o say_v the_o plunder_n they_o have_v take_v be_v already_o very_o great_a their_o prisoner_n and_o the_o cattle_n and_o other_o booty_n of_o all_o sort_n be_v beyond_o all_o computation_n that_o on_o this_o consideration_n it_o seem_v to_o he_o that_o their_o best_a course_n be_v not_o to_o hazard_v a_o battle_n which_o may_v prove_v the_o total_a ruin_n of_o their_o affair_n that_o the_o safe_a counsel_n they_o can_v take_v be_v now_o to_o retreat_n and_o march_v back_o to_o their_o country_n while_o they_o may_v do_v it_o with_o safety_n where_o when_o they_o have_v disencumber_v themselves_o of_o their_o plunder_n they_o may_v with_o ease_n return_n and_o engage_v the_o roman_n if_o it_o be_v conclude_v reasonable_a so_o this_o opinion_n of_o aneroestus_n be_v approve_v and_o follow_v and_o the_o gaul_n decamp_v the_o same_o night_n take_v their_o march_n along_o the_o coast_n towards_o the_o frontier_n of_o tuscany_n aemilius_n have_v receive_v into_o his_o army_n those_o troop_n that_o be_v encamp_v on_o the_o hill_n after_o the_o defeat_n of_o the_o roman_n do_v not_o think_v it_o safe_a to_o give_v the_o enemy_n battle_n but_o determine_v to_o keep_v in_o their_o rear_n and_o vigilant_o take_v occasion_n of_o advantage_n upon_o they_o and_o attempt_v to_o recover_v at_o least_o part_n of_o their_o plunder_n but_o behold_v at_o this_o very_a time_n the_o other_o consul_n c._n atilius_n be_v return_v with_o the_o army_n out_o of_o sardinia_n be_v lead_v they_o along_o the_o sea-coast_n towards_o rome_n who_o utter_o ignorant_a of_o what_o have_v pass_v happen_v to_o take_v the_o same_o way_n the_o gaul_n do_v and_o be_v march_v not_o far_o before_o they_o the_o enemy_n be_v now_o arrive_v near_o telamena_n a_o promontory_n of_o tuscany_n when_o some_o of_o their_o forager_n fall_v into_o atilius_n hand_n who_o give_v he_o intelligence_n of_o all_o that_o have_v pass_v assure_v he_o that_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o army_n be_v not_o far_o off_o that_o the_o gaul_n be_v at_o hand_n and_o that_o aemilius_n be_v hard_a at_o their_o rear_n the_o consul_n be_v a_o little_a perplex_v at_o the_o news_n nevertheless_o assure_v of_o victory_n by_o thus_o surprise_v the_o enemy_n and_o enclose_v they_o between_o their_o two_o army_n he_o order_v the_o tribune_n to_o draw_v up_o in_o order_n of_o battle_n and_o to_o enlarge_v their_o front_n as_o wide_a as_o the_o ground_n will_v possible_o permit_v and_o now_o have_v observe_v a_o eminence_n which_o command_v the_o way_n by_o which_o the_o enemy_n must_v necessary_o pass_v he_o go_v himself_o at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o take_v possession_n of_o that_o post_n design_v from_o thence_o to_o give_v the_o first_o attack_v conceive_v that_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o victory_n will_v thereby_o be_v in_o a_o great_a degree_n ascribe_v to_o he_o but_o the_o gaul_n who_o know_v nothing_o of_o the_o arrival_n of_o atilius_n believe_v that_o aemilius_n horse_n have_v get_v before_o they_o in_o the_o night_n and_o have_v possess_v those_o advantageous_a post_n command_v their_o horse_n and_o some_o choice_a man_n of_o their_o foot_n to_o march_v and_o beat_v they_o from_o that_o ground_n but_o receive_v intelligence_n by_o certain_a prisoner_n that_o atilius_n be_v there_o they_o form_v their_o battle_n of_o foot_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o receive_v the_o enemy_n charge_v in_o front_n and_o rear_n for_o they_o be_v assure_v the_o one_o army_n pursue_v they_o and_o the_o other_o will_v not_o fail_v to_o attack_v they_o in_o front_n this_o at_o least_o they_o strong_o conjecture_v both_o by_o the_o intelligence_n they_o have_v receive_v and_o by_o the_o countenance_n and_o action_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o consul_n aemilius_n have_v be_v inform_v that_o the_o legion_n be_v land_v at_o pisa_n but_o he_o can_v not_o hope_v they_o be_v arrive_v so_o near_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o perceive_v the_o dispute_n upon_o the_o hill_n he_o take_v for_o grant_v his_o colleague_n be_v now_o at_o hand_n whereupon_o he_o send_v a_o party_n of_o horse_n to_o sustain_v they_o and_o after_o have_v form_v their_o foot_n according_a to_o the_o roman_a discipline_n they_o move_v towards_o the_o enemy_n the_o gaul_n place_v the_o goesates_n in_o their_o rear_n believe_v that_o aemilius_n will_v find_v they_o work_v there_o next_o to_o they_o be_v post_v the_o insubrian_o in_o the_o front_n be_v the_o taurisque_n and_o those_o that_o inhabit_v beyond_o the_o po._n thus_o the_o two_o body_n be_v draw_v up_o rear_n to_o rear_n they_o face_v likewise_o towards_o atilius_n to_o receive_v his_o charge_n all_o their_o chariot_n and_o baggage_n be_v dispose_v on_o the_o wing_n their_o plunder_n they_o have_v carry_v to_o a_o neighbour_a hill_n where_o they_o leave_v it_o under_o a_o good_a guard_n so_o the_o army_n of_o the_o gaul_n be_v draw_v up_o i_o say_v face_v two_o way_n be_v not_o only_o 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as_o have_v be_v the_o custom_n in_o other_o battle_n by_o charge_v and_o wheel_v off_o and_o then_o return_v to_o the_o charge_n but_o here_o when_o once_o they_o come_v to_o join_v the_o horseman_n mingle_v and_o often_o disengage_v from_o their_o horse_n fight_v it_o out_o man_n to_o man_n on_o foot_n but_o the_o carthaginian_a horse_n in_o the_o end_n prevail_v kill_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o roman_n on_o the_o place_n though_o their_o behaviour_n be_v without_o blame_n those_o who_o endeavour_v to_o escape_v take_v along_o the_o river_n but_o be_v most_o of_o they_o cut_v off_o asdrubal_n give_v no_o quarter_n and_o now_o the_o cohort_n take_v place_n of_o the_o light-armed_a troop_n it_o be_v there_o likewise_o hot_o dispute_v for_o a_o space_n but_o the_o spaniard_n and_o gaul_n who_o do_v not_o present_o lose_v their_o order_n be_v at_o length_n break_v and_o force_v to_o give_v ground_n to_o the_o superior_a number_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o retreat_v back_o the_o 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flank_n at_o once_o each_o act_n as_o the_o present_a occasion_n advise_v in_o short_a every_o thing_n come_v to_o pass_v as_o hannibal_n have_v skilful_o devise_v for_o the_o roman_n pursue_v the_o gaul_n who_o he_o well_o know_v be_v not_o their_o match_n become_v at_o length_n encompass_v by_o the_o african_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o be_v so_o enclose_v that_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o fight_v in_o a_o body_n but_o as_o it_o be_v man_z to_z man_n or_o by_o small_a party_n against_o strong_a body_n that_o press_v they_o from_o all_o part_n and_o now_o forasmuch_o as_o aemilius_n who_o be_v post_v in_o the_o right_a wing_n and_o have_v his_o share_n in_o the_o conflict_n with_o asdrubal_n and_o the_o horse_n yet_o be_v hitherto_o unhurt_a and_o willing_a to_o equal_v his_o action_n with_o his_o word_n by_o which_o he_o have_v encourage_v the_o army_n see_v that_o all_o the_o hope_n they_o have_v leave_v be_v in_o their_o foot_n he_o charge_v through_o the_o enemy_n battle_n kill_v and_o force_v all_o that_o stand_v in_o his_o way_n where_o he_o do_v his_o utmost_a to_o encourage_v his_o people_n hannibal_n act_v the_o same_o part_n in_o the_o same_o post_n have_v from_o the_o beginning_n conduct_v that_o part_n of_o his_o army_n in_o person_n as_o to_o the_o numidian_n who_o fight_v in_o the_o right_n wing_n against_o varro_n and_o the_o horse_n that_o be_v post_v in_o the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o roman_n neither_o they_o nor_o the_o other_o act_v any_o thing_n memorable_a on_o that_o side_n save_v that_o the_o numidian_n so_o amuse_v the_o roman_n by_o beat_v about_o they_o now_o offer_v to_o charge_n in_o one_o place_n now_o in_o another_o that_o they_o be_v thereby_o prevent_v from_o succour_v those_o that_o be_v elsewhere_o distress_a but_o now_o that_o asdrubal_n have_v complete_v his_o victory_n and_o destroy_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o horse_n who_o he_o have_v follow_v along_o the_o river_n and_o be_v return_v to_o reinforce_v the_o numidian_n then_o the_o horse_n of_o the_o roman_a ally_n behold_v their_o danger_n turn_v their_o back_n it_o be_v say_v that_o asdrubal_n in_o this_o occasion_n perform_v a_o artful_a and_o prudent_a part_n who_o well_o know_v that_o the_o numidian_n be_v singular_a at_o the_o pursuit_n of_o a_o sly_a enemy_n he_o therefore_o order_v they_o to_o follow_v hard_o after_o the_o run_a roman_n while_o he_o head_v a_o body_n of_o foot_n advance_v to_o reinforce_v the_o african_n and_o come_v in_o fall_v on_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o roman_n battle_n and_o charge_v they_o likewise_o elsewhere_o with_o certain_a squadron_n of_o horse_n which_o great_o hearten_v the_o african_n and_o as_o much_o terrify_v the_o roman_n l._n aemilius_n have_v receive_v many_o wound_n die_v in_o the_o battle_n after_o he_o
determination_n to_o march_v and_o to_o take_v their_o way_n by_o laconia_n through_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o argian_n and_o to_o join_v the_o king_n force_n with_o what_o speed_n they_o may_v according_o they_o take_v the_o field_n and_o arrive_v near_o glympia_n a_o fortress_n on_o the_o border_n of_o the_o argian_n and_o lacedaemonian_n it_o chance_v that_o they_o do_v not_o encamp_v with_o that_o circumspection_n which_o they_o ought_v have_v neither_o retrenchment_n or_o palisade_n nor_o be_v the_o place_n where_o they_o encamp_v well_o choose_v but_o in_o confidence_n of_o the_o good_a will_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n they_o quarter_v themselves_o under_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o place_n lycurgus_n come_v to_o understand_v the_o messenian_n be_v arrive_v take_v with_o he_o his_o mercenary_n and_o a_o small_a party_n of_o lacedoemonian_o and_o march_v to_o attack_v they_o and_o come_v upon_o they_o about_o the_o close_a of_o the_o evening_n bold_o attempt_v their_o camp_n and_o now_o though_o the_o messenian_n have_v act_v otherwise_o imprudent_o in_o every_o thing_n and_o have_v march_v with_o too_o small_a a_o force_n and_o destitute_a of_o officer_n in_o who_o judgement_n and_o ability_n they_o may_v rely_v nevertheless_o their_o behaviour_n in_o this_o rencounter_n be_v without_o blame_n consider_v the_o surprise_n for_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o receive_v notice_n of_o the_o arrival_n of_o lycurgus_n leave_v all_o their_o lumber_n and_o whatever_o may_v trouble_v they_o behind_o they_o retire_v to_o a_o certain_a fortress_n so_o that_o the_o enemy_n get_v nothing_o but_o their_o baggage_n and_o a_o few_o horse_n of_o their_o foot_n they_o lose_v not_o a_o man_n and_o of_o their_o horse_n not_o above_o eight_o or_o nine_o who_o fall_v on_o the_o spot_n after_o this_o defeat_n the_o messenian_n return_v home_n by_o the_o way_n of_o argos_n and_o lycurgus_n exalt_v with_o his_o success_n march_v back_o to_o sparta_n where_o he_o fall_v to_o make_v of_o new_a levy_n and_o to_o deliberate_v with_o his_o friend_n how_o to_o proceed_v so_o as_o to_o oblige_v philip_n to_o come_v to_o a_o battle_n before_o he_o leave_v laconia_n but_o the_o king_n nevertheless_o march_v from_o elia_n plunder_v and_o ravage_v the_o country_n all_o along_o in_o his_o way_n and_o four_o day_n aster_v return_v to_o amycla_n with_o his_o army_n in_o view_n of_o the_o enemy_n as_o soon_o as_o lycurgus_n have_v give_v the_o necessary_a order_n to_o his_o friend_n and_o officer_n touch_v the_o battle_n they_o have_v resolve_v on_o he_o command_v the_o troop_n to_o draw_v out_o of_o the_o town_n consist_v of_o about_o two_o thousand_o man_n take_v possession_n of_o all_o the_o near_a post_n to_o menelaium_n leave_v instruction_n with_o those_o that_o be_v appoint_v to_o remain_v within_o the_o town_n to_o have_v a_o special_a regard_n to_o a_o signal_n that_o he_o will_v give_v they_o which_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o see_v they_o shall_v issue_v out_o of_o the_o town_n with_o all_o expedition_n and_o by_o as_o many_o way_n as_o they_o can_v and_o draw_v up_o on_o a_o certain_a ground_n where_o the_o river_n run_v near_a to_o the_o town_n in_o this_o posture_n stand_v matter_n between_o the_o two_o army_n but_o lest_o our_o relation_n shall_v seem_v obscure_a through_o want_n of_o due_a light_n in_o the_o nature_n and_o situation_n of_o place_n about_o which_o we_o treat_v we_o shall_v therefore_o do_v our_o best_a to_o be_v as_o clear_v in_o that_o as_o in_o our_o account_n of_o matter_n of_o fact_n which_o shall_v be_v our_o manner_n throughout_o our_o whole_a work_n some_o place_n which_o be_v unknown_a we_o shall_v describe_v by_o compare_v they_o with_o other_o that_o be_v know_v distinguish_v they_o by_o mark_n and_o note_n of_o common_a observation_n for_o through_o want_n of_o a_o right_a information_n herein_o many_o and_o great_a error_n have_v be_v commit_v in_o the_o conduct_n of_o erterprise_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n but_o we_o shall_v labour_v our_o utmost_a that_o the_o reader_n of_o our_o history_n may_v be_v instruct_v as_o well_o in_o the_o manner_n as_o matter_n of_o occurrence_n and_o that_o nothing_o may_v be_v leave_v unsay_v touch_v the_o description_n of_o town_n and_o country_n and_o principal_o in_o military_a adventure_n wherein_o the_o better_a to_o explain_v our_o mind_n we_o shall_v have_v recourse_n sometime_o to_o some_o certain_a port_n of_o the_o sea_n sometime_o to_o a_o island_n sometime_o to_o some_o conspicuous_a temple_n promontory_n o●_n mountain_n or_o the_o name_n of_o some_o country_n and_o in_o short_a the_o divers_a region_n of_o the_o heaven_n as_o be_v thing_n general_o know_v and_o familiar_a to_o mankind_n it_o be_v by_o this_o method_n then_o i_o say_v that_o we_o hope_v to_o be_v able_a to_o lead_v the_o reader_n to_o a_o just_a conception_n of_o place_n and_o situation_n to_o he_o otherwise_o unknown_a to_o give_v a_o general_a description_n then_o of_o th●_n city_n of_o sparta_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o in_o figure_n it_o be_v round_o it_o stand_v on_o a_o plain_a or_o bottom_n where_o there_o rise_v here_o and_o there_o certain_a hillock_n or_o eminence_n and_o some_o place_n be_v waste_v and_o barren_a on_o the_o westside_n run_v the_o river_n eurotas_n which_o be_v deep_a and_o unfordable_a at_o certain_a season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o mountain_n of_o menelaium_n be_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n regard_v the_o north-east_n part_n of_o the_o town_n these_o be_v almost_o inaccessible_a and_o exceed_o high_a command_v all_o the_o space_n of_o ground_n lie_v between_o the_o eurotas_n and_o the_o town_n which_o space_n in_o a_o word_n take_v likewise_o the_o river_n into_o the_o account_n which_o run_v by_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n be_v not_o above_o a_o furlong_n and_o a_o half_a wide_a now_o by_o this_o way_n king_n philip_n be_v oblige_v to_o pass_v in_o his_o return_n from_o his_o expedition_n have_v on_o his_o left_a the_o town_n and_o the_o lacedaemonian_n draw_v up_o in_o battalion_n and_o on_o his_o right_n the_o river_n and_o the_o troop_n of_o lycurgus_n post_v on_o the_o skirt_n of_o the_o hill_n furthermore_o the_o lacedoemonian_o have_v stop_v the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n have_v bring_v all_o that_o space_n of_o ground_n we_o mention_v under_o water_n so_o that_o it_o become_v impossible_a for_o their_o foot_n much_o less_o their_o horse_n to_o march_v wherefore_o the_o king_n army_n have_v no_o other_o way_n to_o go_v but_o in_o defilée_v along_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n by_o which_o mean_n neither_o party_n can_v sustain_v or_o relieve_v the_o other_o and_o the_o whole_a army_n will_v run_v a_o mighty_a hazard_n march_v so_o expose_v to_o the_o continual_a shot_n of_o the_o enemy_n philip_n therefore_o well_o weigh_v the_o peril_n resolve_v that_o nothing_o can_v be_v better_o first_o do_v than_o to_o attempt_n lycurgus_n and_o endeavour_v to_o beat_v he_o from_o his_o post_n wherefore_o take_v with_o he_o his_o mercenary_n and_o bucklerman_n which_o be_v sustain_v by_o the_o illyrian_n he_o pass_v the_o river_n and_o march_v direct_o towards_o the_o hill_n lycurgus_n who_o can_v not_o but_o understand_v the_o king_n purpose_n put_v himself_o in_o a_o posture_n to_o receive_v he_o and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n give_v signal_n to_o those_o within_o the_o town_n who_o immediate_o sally_v out_o and_o draw_v up_o as_o they_o have_v be_v order_v place_v the_o horse_n on_o their_o right_n when_o philip_n be_v advance_v somewhat_o near_o to_o lycurgus_n he_o order_v the_o mercenary_n to_o march_v to_o the_o attack_z and_o so_o begin_v the_o battle_n for_o a_o while_n the_o lacedaemonian_n have_v the_o advantage_n both_o in_o their_o arm_n and_o the_o ground_n have_v also_o the_o better_a in_o the_o dispute_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o bucklerman_n advance_v to_o sustain_v the_o other_o and_o that_o philip_n himself_o with_o the_o illyrian_n fall_v on_o their_o flank_n the_o mercenary_n on_o the_o come_n up_o of_o this_o relief_n take_v new_a courage_n and_o engage_v with_o so_o much_o bravery_n that_o lycurgus_n be_v worsted_n and_o betake_v himself_o to_o flight_n leave_v about_o a_o hundred_o of_o his_o man_n dead_a on_o the_o place_n and_o 〈◊〉_d great_a number_n that_o be_v take_v prisoner_n many_o get_v into_o the_o town_n and_o lycurg●s_n himself_n favour_v by_o the_o come_n on_o of_o the_o night_n get_v likewise_o through_o byway_n into_o sparta_n whereupon_o philip_n have_v now_o the_o mountain_n to_o friend_n where_o he_o place_v the_o illyrian_n on_o the_o guard_n return_v himself_o with_o the_o bucklerman_n and_o mercenary_n to_o the_o gross_a of_o the_o army_n at_o the_o same_o time_n aratus_n come_v from_o amycl●e_n with_o the_o phalanx_n on_o who_o approach_n to_o the_o town_n philip_n repass_a the_o river_n to_o
countenance_v his_o march_n post_v himself_o with_o the_o bucklerman_n and_o light-armed_a troop_n to_o cover_v those_o also_o who_o carry_v heavy_a arm_n during_o their_o passage_n by_o that_o straight_a piece_n of_o ground_n along_o by_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n those_o who_o be_v draw_v up_o near_a the_o town_n attack_v the_o horse_n who_o be_v post_v to_o cover_v the_o march_n of_o the_o rest_n in_o which_o occasion_n the_o dispute_n be_v very_o obstinate_a where_o the_o bucklerman_n perform_v excellent_a service_n but_o in_o conclusion_n the_o king_n have_v the_o better_a here_o likewise_o and_o pursue_v the_o enemy_n horse_n to_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n pass_v the_o river_n without_o difficulty_n and_o join_v the_o phalanx_n but_o night_n now_o approach_v he_o find_v it_o behoveful_a to_o hasten_v his_o retreat_n and_o be_v oblige_v to_o encamp_v on_o a_o piece_n of_o ground_n just_a without_o the_o straight_a or_o defilée_n it_o so_o chance_v that_o the_o guide_n themselves_o have_v pitch_v on_o that_o very_a place_n wherein_o to_o encamp_v be_v so_o advantageous_a a_o spot_n that_o whosoever_o will_v make_v incursion_n into_o laconia_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o choose_v a_o more_o commodious_a post_n for_o it_o lie_v in_o the_o way_n to_o tegaea_n and_o the_o inland_a part_n of_o the_o country_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n command_v the_o entrance_n of_o the_o defilée_n distant_a about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n from_o sparta_n that_o side_n which_o look_v towards_o the_o town_n be_v cover_v by_o the_o brow_n of_o a_o inaccessible_a hill_n it_o lie_v i_o say_v just_a under_o the_o rock_n and_o precipice_n thereof_o be_v a_o level_a piece_n of_o ground_n plentiful_o supply_v with_o water_n insomuch_o as_o it_o seem_v destine_v by_o nature_n to_o ensure_v to_o the_o soldier_n a_o saf●_n entrance_n and_o retreat_n where_o be_v once_o encamp_v and_o master_n of_o the_o eminence_n they_o may_v with_o assurance_n say_v they_o be_v both_o safe_a and_o possess_v of_o a_o most_o pleasant_a post_n which_o command_v the_o passage_n in_o and_o out_o of_o the_o straight_a here_o philip_n have_v pass_v the_o night_n without_o any_o alarm_n in_o the_o morning_n cause_v his_o baggage_n first_o to_o march_v and_o lead_v the_o army_n into_o the_o plain_n he_o there_o draw_v up_o in_o battalion_n in_o view_n of_o the_o city_n of_o sparta_n where_o he_o remain_v a_o while_n to_o see_v if_o the_o enemy_n be_v dispose_v to_o further_a action_n then_o make_v a_o short_a turn_n take_v his_o way_n towards_o tegaea_n and_o come_v to_o the_o ground_n where_o the_o battle_n have_v be_v heretofore_o fight_v between_o antigonus_n and_o cleomenes_n he_o there_o encamp_v and_o the_o next_o day_n after_o he_o have_v well_o observe_v every_o thing_n and_o sacrifice_v on_o the_o top_n of_o either_o mountain_n the_o one_o be_v call_v olympia_n the_o other_o eva_n secure_v his_o rearguard_n he_o prosecute_v his_o march_n to_o tegaea_n where_o he_o command_v the_o booty_n to_o be_v sell_v and_o then_o return_v by_o argo●_n to_o corinth_n with_o the_o whole_a army_n there_o he_o be_v meet_v by_o ambassador_n from_o rhodes_n and_o chios_n who_o be_v dispatch_v to_o he_o on_o the_o subject_n of_o a_o pacification_n the_o king_n give_v they_o audience_n and_o make_v semblance_n of_o a_o inclination_n to_o a_o peace_n with_o the_o aetolian_n with_o who_o he_o wish_v they_o to_o confer_v and_o deliberate_v by_o what_o mean_v it_o may_v be_v bring_v to_o pass_v so_o dismiss_v the_o ambassador_n he_o go_v to_o lechoeum_n purpose_v to_o embark_v from_o thence_o in_o order_n to_o a_o descent_n on_o the_o land_n of_o the_o phocian_o where_o he_o have_v meditate_a some_o enterprise_n of_o great_a importance_n about_o this_o time_n leontius_n megaleas_n and_o ptolemy_n be_v not_o yet_o total_o out_o of_o hope_n of_o give_v some_o apprehension_n to_o king_n philip_n endeavour_v so_o to_o cover_v their_o old_a crime_n to_o foment_n a_o murmur_a among_o the_o bucklerman_n and_o the_o king_n guard_n and_o they_o themselves_o instill_a the_o like_a seditious_a opinion_n that_o they_o who_o be_v first_o in_o all_o hazard_n and_o secure_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n from_o danger_n be_v not_o treat_v according_a to_o their_o merit_n and_o be_v not_o only_o not_o consider_v and_o distinguish_v by_o any_o particular_a reward_n for_o their_o service_n but_o even_o such_o booty_n as_o fell_v into_o their_o hand_n be_v take_v from_o they_o notwithstanding_o the_o constant_a custom_n in_o the_o like_a case_n to_o the_o contrary_n after_o this_o manner_n they_o have_v so_o inflame_v they_o that_o assemble_v in_o party_n they_o attempt_v and_o rifle_v the_o quarter_n of_o the_o king_n be_v chief_a friend_n and_o favourite_n insomuch_o that_o their_o insolence_n grow_v to_o that_o height_n that_o they_o forbear_v not_o at_o length_n the_o king_n be_v own_o lodging_n break_v the_o roof_n thereof_o this_o mutiny_n spread_v so_o great_a terror_n and_o disturbance_n about_o the_o city_n that_o the_o king_n have_v notice_n thereof_o come_v with_o all_o possible_a expedition_n from_o lechoeum_n and_o immediate_o assemble_v the_o macedonian_n partly_o by_o remonstrance_n partly_o by_o menace_n appease_v the_o tumult_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o on_o such_o occasion_n man_n be_v of_o divers_a mind_n some_o advise_v to_o find_v out_o and_o seize_v on_o the_o author_n of_o the_o sedition_n to_o make_v they_o example_n other_o that_o it_o be_v better_a to_o reduce_v thing_n to_o order_n and_o pacify_v the_o tumult_n without_o any_o further_a process_n or_o inquisition_n wherefore_o the_o king_n hide_v his_o purpose_n for_o the_o present_a and_o seem_v well_o satisfy_v with_o what_o he_o have_v already_o do_v exhort_v they_o only_o to_o union_n and_o better_a obedience_n and_o so_o dismiss_v the_o assembly_n not_o but_o that_o he_o be_v well_o aware_a who_o have_v be_v the_o prime_a mover_n and_o instigator_n of_o the_o sedition_n but_o think_v it_o wisdom_n at_o that_o time_n to_o seem_v less_o know_v than_o he_o be_v but_o these_o stir_n be_v soon_o over_o and_o king_n philip_n phocian_n expedition_n likewise_o at_o that_o time_n for_o certain_a reason_n respite_v and_o now_o leontius_n come_v to_o perceive_v the_o vanity_n of_o his_o guilty_a project_n and_o the_o dangerous_a state_n he_o have_v contract_v have_v recourse_n to_o apelles_n solicit_v his_o return_n from_o chalcis_n and_o give_v he_o frequent_a intimation_n of_o the_o many_o difficulty_n he_o meet_v with_o and_o that_o the_o king_n grow_v into_o great_a dislike_n of_o he_o in_o every_o thing_n now_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o during_o apelle●_n residence_n at_o chalcis_n his_o deportment_n be_v more_o like_o a_o sovereign_a prince_n than_o a_o subject_a govern_v all_o thing_n with_o a_o arbitrary_a authority_n and_o labour_v to_o be_v think_v singular_a in_o his_o sufficiency_n and_o power_n and_o that_o the_o king_n act_v nothing_o but_o by_o his_o counsel_n by_o which_o mean_n he_o dispose_v absolute_o of_o every_o thing_n wherefore_o all_o who_o be_v in_o the_o magistracy_n and_o have_v charge_n of_o the_o affair_n in_o macedon_n and_o thessaly_n ever_o apply_v to_o he_o and_o take_v his_o direction_n in_o all_o their_o consultation_n and_o i●_n short_a when_o at_o any_o time_n any_o of_o the_o gre●●_n town_n have_v occasion_n to_o publish_v any_o new_a law_n or_o ordinance_n or_o to_o confer_v honour_n or_o preferment_n there_o be_v hardly_o any_o mention_n mad●_n of_o the_o king_n but_o of_o apelles_n wherefore_o when_o philip_n come_v to_o be_v right_o inform_v of_o all_o these_o thing_n he_o grow_v justl●_n sensible_a of_o the_o outrage_n that_o have_v be_v don●_n he_o nor_o be_v aratus_n want_v to_o warm_a hi●_n indignation_n howbeit_o he_o carry_v his_o resentment_n so_o close_o that_o none_o be_v privy_a to_o his_o purpose_n or_o know_v any_o thing_n of_o his_o mind_n apelles_n therefore_o far_o from_o suspect_v the_o least_o coldness_n from_o the_o king_n be_v persuade_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v receive_v at_o court_n after_o his_o wont_a manner_n and_o soon_o dispose_v of_o the_o king_n mind_n at_o his_o pleasure_n wherefore_o he_o leave_v chalcis_n to_o come_v to_o the_o aid_n of_o leontius_n and_o now_o as_o he_o draw_v near_o to_o corinth_n ptolemy_n leontius_n and_o megaleas_n who_o command_v the_o bucklerman_n and_o have_v prime_a authority_n in_o the_o army_n so_o wrought_v that_o the_o flower_n of_o the_o king_n troop_n go_v out_o to_o meet_v and_o accompany_v he_o insomuch_o that_o what_o with_o officer_n and_o soldier_n they_o compose_v a_o pompon_n train_n with_o which_o he_o make_v his_o entrance_n into_o the_o town_n and_o so_o go_v direct_o to_o wait_v on_o the_o king_n but_o while_o he_o attempt_v according_a to_o his_o manner_n heretofore_o to_o enter_v into_o