Selected quad for the lemma: ground_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
ground_n	division_n	move_v	pike_n	1,654	5	12.9374	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A54357	The perfection of military discipline after the newest method, as practised in England and Ireland, &c., or, The industrious souldiers golden treasury of knowledge in the art of making war containing instructions for the exercising the pike and musket in all their postures, with the signs of the drum, by its beating the several points of war, the exercise of granadeers, horse, and dragoons : the explanation of the words of command, and how to be put in practice ... : the several doublings, wheelings, and drawing up of battalions, squadrons of horse, &c. with the conduct of armies in open or inclosed countries, or upon any occasion or immergency ... the method to be observed in garrisons, and the manner of fortification, with that of besieging strong holds, &c. to which is added, as a second part, The art of gunnery, or, The compleat engineer : shewing the practice of the ordnance, mortars, &c. with the manner of making and using fire-works for war, at sea and land, and many other things necessary to be known for the improvement of souldiers.		1690 (1690)	Wing P1532; ESTC R18339	60,614	163

the Musketiers must be in the middst and the Pikes as Flankers The Figure of the four Fronted Battle c. To Fire upon this Figure the Musketiers must do it in Rank and after Fireing wheel off to the Right making their passage through the intervals and placing themselves in the Rear of their own Division successively maintaining the same Ground or if you would bring the Musketiers to the Angles and reduce the Pikes to the middle then must the Musketiers take place on the Flanks when you make the Figure To reduce this Figure The whole Body is commanded to Face to the proper Front And then Musketiers in the Rear March up on the Left of the Musketiers in the Front Musketiers in the Flank Face inward and close your Division These Commands given cause the Pikes to march up taking their places directly after their Leaders and by that means they will be brought into a sollid square The Commands are Musketiers Face to the Right and Left inward Pikes Face inward interchanging Ground The Hollow Fronted Cross Battle how to form it THE Files in this case being eight Men in depth the words of Command are thus to to be given The two first Ranks wheel your Front into the midst Two last Ranks wheel your Rear into the midst The rest Face to the Right and Left March Here they must move untill they have made the Cross then the Musketiers must Flank the Pikes as for example in the following Figure Proper Front Front of the Right Flank Front of the Rear Front of the left Flank If you come to Fire in this Figure it may be done every way as at Front Rear and Flanks the Fire made they must wheel off by Division and take their stations in the Rear of their own Division moving forward into the Leader's Ground that the form of the Figure may not be altered and when the second Fire is given the Pikes must move leisurely up Porting as they Advance till they make an even Front with the Musketiers the second Fireing being made those that fired are to wheel and place themselves in the Rear of that Division of Pikes which they Flanked which order all the Ranks must observe upon Fireing and by the Pikes Charging and Re-advancing the Figure will be preserved and the Reducement may be observed in what is directed for the Reducement of the cross Battel How to frame the hollow Square with Angles when required to be guarded with Pikes IN this case the Pikes being Advanced the Command must be Pikes close your Divisions before the Musketiers Pikes face all to the Right upon this they must Advance and move into the space between the Angles of the Musketiers by which means the following Figure will be formed c. Front In fireing upon this Figure you have your choice to fire either to the Rear Front or Flank as many Ranks as will stand with conveniency who upon fireing must wheel off and keep the ground or upon fireing they may retire into the Figure and charge for a second fireing How to form the Quintuple hollow Square c IN forming the following Figure the Musketiers having made Ready and taken their station in the middle make the hollow Front cross Battel by wheeling the Front of the two first Ranks into the middle which done the Rear of the two last Ranks must be wheeled into the midst likewise then the rest of the Body must Face to the Right and the Left and March till they have formed a Square whereupon the words of Command are Face to the Front Rear and Flanks This done the Pikes in the Front of the Musketiers must be Commanded viz. Open to the Right and Left Upon this the last Rank of Pikes must be even with the first Rank of Musketiers and then these words of Command follow viz. Two first Ranks of Musketiers of each Division move forward clear of the Pikes This done the following Figure will be produced In fireing upon this Figure the Command is Musketiers in the midst close to the Front Rear and Flanks Fire c. The Musketiers ought upon the first fireing to make good their Ground the second time fireing over they must Rank even with the Pikes and upon the third fireing the Pikes must move somewhat forward and the Musketiers loose Ground by which means a hollow Fronted Cross is formed and the Pikes must Port and Charge in the Angles whilst the Fire is made by the Musketiers The form of a hollow square Battle impaled with Shot TO bring this into Figure and Order the Serjeants must draw forth the odd Files on the right Flanks as well Muskets as Pikes then give Command to the odd Files of the left Flank Pikes and Musketiers viz. Face to the Rear This must be observed in wheeling to the left Cross the Rear following the Bringers up then the Command to the rest of the Body is Close to the Right and Left outward This must be till the Rear Angles of each Division be in opposition to each other then the Command is All Face to the Center Face all about to the Right By this means the following Figure is formed Noe In these Figures that C stands for Commander in Chief L for Lieutenant E for Ensign S for Serjeant and D for Drums P are Pikes and M Muskets To Fire upon this Figure when the Ranks of Musketiers have presented and fired they are to wheel off to the right and left through the Intervals that so they may be made in the middle of each Division as appears in the Figure and then they must place themselves in the Rear of their own Division the next Rank moving into their Ground or if any urgency require it the Musketiers having fired they may wheel off and take their station in the Rear of their following Division of Pikes which Division is to move forward and maintain the Musketiers Ground If you would reduce the Order the word of Command to the whole Body is Face to the left Angles of the Front Division Upon this they must March and even their Ranks and straighten their Files upon which the half Files must double their Ranks to the left forwards and the first Order will be regained Directions or general Observation in giving Battel THough there can no certain Rule be ascribed where the Contingencies are various yet it has been observed by experienced Commanders that Rules are necessary wherefore a Commander must avoid engaging against his Will as much as in him lies and take the happy moment to charge the Enemy when he sees an active Liveliness and sprightly Vigour in his Souldiers chosing the most advantageous Ground according to the quality and number of his Men sheltering for fear of being enclosed one of the Wings or Flanks to a place strong either by Nature or Art and bring on the Divisions of Horse and Foot at their ordinary distance placing the best Regiments of Horse and Foot on the Wings if

Behold A Prince Renownd In Peace and Arms. whos name and Fame the world with wonder Charms The Be●gian Glory and Great Britains Joy who saued the Dear Palladium of our Troy P. P. Beu●ho Soul The Perfection of Military Discipline After the Newest Method As Practised In England and Ireland c. OR The Industrious SOULDIERS Golden Treasury of Knowledge in the Art of making WAR CONTAINING Instructions for the Exercising the Pike and Musket in all their Postures with the Signs of the Drum by its beating the several Points of War the Exercise of Granadeers Horse and Dragoons The Explanation of the Words of Command and how to be put in Practice The manner of drawing up in several forms of Battle The various Fireings and Advantages to be gained thereby The several Doublings Wheelings and drawing up of Battalions Squadrons of Horse c. with the conduct of Armies in open or inclosed Countries or upon any occasion or Immergency How the detached Party and Officers c. ought to carry themselves several ways off of Incampment opening difficult Passes taking Castles passing Bridges opposing Towns or Fortresses The Method to be observed in Garrisons and the manner of Fortification with that of befieging strong Holds c. To which is added as a Second Part. The Art of Gunnery or the Compleat Engineer shewing the Practice of the Ordnance Mortars c. with the manner of making and using Fire-works for War at Sea and Land and many other things necessary to be known for the Improvement of Souldiers London Printed for Nicholas Boddington at the Golden Ball in Duck-Lane 1690. Lisenced according to Order Octob. 12. 1689. THE PREFACE THE Profession of Arms has in all Ages been in such Esteem that the Great Men of the World have made it their Study Emperours and Kings have preferred the Name of a Souldier above the rest of their Glorious Titles and indeed the Sword is properly the Bullwark of a Kingdom without which the Laws would prove weak and ineffectual for did not the Violaters fear that Power which is of force to compel them to undergoe the Penalties of the Laws they would esteem them but a dead Letter And to speak more plain The Souldier is the Guard of Liberty Property and what ever is dear to Mankind as being at all times ready to sacrifice his Life for the Defence of his Country nor are the Advantages small that may incite men to the study of the Military Art for it is often seen that Persons of mean Birth and Fortune have by their Courage and Industry become great Commanders and many times Generals of Armies Courage indeed is a great Qualification in the profession of Arms but without Experience it frequently does hurt and rarely raises a man to any considerable Station but joyned with Experience and kept within bounds it wants but Opportunity to make him Eminent though many Books of this kind have appeared in the World yet being either of an extraordinary Price or wanting somewhat new and necessary to be known we thought fit especially for the Instruction of young Souldiers to compile in a small Volume such a Body of Military Disciplin'd c. as at this time is Practical and approved by the great Captains of the Age that they may be able to understand their Duty and perform it with Exactness and Dexterity so that being well grounded in the most necessary and honourable Art their Courage Zeal and Loyalty may not only frustrate the Projects of our Enemies abroad and at home but render these Kingdoms Dreadful to our Neighbours and Happy in themselves The Perfection of MILITARY DISCIPLINE After the Newest Method As Practised In England and Ireland c. THE most promising things to Preferment in this great Art are Valour and Obedience for it is not only very commendable when occasion offers to fight Valiantly but likewise to obey Patiently the latter being looked upon as a great Vertue to these Experience acquired by Labour and Industry being joyned Difficulties will the easier be overcome a man may indeed a long time bare Arms and yet be ignorant in many things he ought materially to know but an Industrious Mind will accomplish much in a short time There are several things in the Military Art to be considered and in the first place those properly called the Senses by which we receive Advertisement as the Eye and the Ear and in this case a strict Observance and Silence is required that the one and the other may not be mistaken The Signes used in War are commonly three viz. The Voice which conveys the word of Command to the Ear. The Trumpet or Drum which by certain Sounds and Beats give notice to the Cavalry and Infantry what is to be done And the last is The Hand Colours or other Signs which inform the Eye and these are called Vocal Semi-vocal and Mute and these must be perfectly understood or else by mistake or not knowing what to do a Souldier may run into great Error especially in Battle loosing himself and being the occasion of the loss others But of this more hereafter When it happens that a Regiment has the word of Command to draw out then ought the Major or Adjutant to Assign each Company its proper Post and this must be done by placing the eldest Company upon the Right and the next to that on the Left and so in order to the youngest who by this meanes will come into the Center and every Company or Body of Men are to be drawn up in the beginning at the same order they march at as well in Rank as File the single Companies always taking notice to leave so much room as the Serjeants and Drums may place themselves in on the Right and Left of each Company Then observe before you form your Battalions to draw up from every Company the odd Men forming in Opposition a Rank at fifty paces in distance from the head of each Company that no broken Files may appear and by this means with more speed and dexterity you may compleat the Files The Battalions may be form'd the Companies disposed in order as aforesaid by these words of Command viz. 1. Have a care to form the Battalion 2. Musqueteers to the Right and Left outwards 3. Pikes to the Right and Left inwards 4. March interchanging Ground Upon the interchange of Ground by the Pikes and Musqueteers the first Rank of Pikes must pass before the first Rank of Musqueteers And it ever is to be noted That after Command for moving of any kind no man stir till the word March be uttered so that they may move joyntly and not break the Order The Ground being changed the Souldiers must forbear to face to their Leaders till they be so commanded which done they are in Battalia at close Order in File and the Officers in this case must have a regard to the whole as not limitted to their particular Companies and the Commandant must take notice how many

with your left hand lay it on your Shoulder always keeping the Spear in a direct point to the Rear not any ways crossing others 14. Charge to the Right Here you must fall back with your right Arm and Leg keep the Spear in the Rear sloped at the height of shouldering turning your left Toe to the right let the right fall behind the left that the middle of your right Foot may be over against your left Heel and in this Action bring your Pike up and turn backwards the butt end by your right side then pressing it in the palm of your right hand Charge 15. Shoulder as you were Make your left Toe come to the left and the middle of your right Foot against your left Heel with your Pike up then turn the head of it to the right viz. directly to the Rear doing it at one motion then with your right hand take hold of your Pike so with both hands keep it a little distance from your Body slop'd as when you Shoulder then bring your right Leg up and lay your Pike on your Shoulder 17. Charge to the Right-about Here you must with your Hand and Leg give back and stand with your Pike a little distance from your side turn your left Toe to the Right-about bringing the butt end of your Pike to the right side falling back with your right Leg Chharge keeping the Spear of your Pike all the while to the Rear a shouldering height being careful not to mount the Spear of your Pike higher or lower and when you are to face to the Right-about level your Pike and Charge 17. As you were Upon this word of Command turn your left Toe to the Left-about causing your right Foot to advance a moderate step so that the middle of it be placed against your left Heel bring the butt end with your left hand by your left side observing the Spear to be exactly with the Rear the same height as in shouldering then as high as with ease you can reach lay on your right hand and stand with it in form after which bring up your right Leg and Shoulder 18. Charge to the Left In doing this posture fall back with your Leg and Arm as has been shewed in the former Chargings turn to the left Toe and turn the butt end of your Pike with your left hand to the Right then bring up your right Leg and Charge 19. As you were Here you must raise the Spear with both your hands turning the left Toe to the Right then fall back with your right Leg and Arm holding your Pike from your side the Spear directly to the Rear then bring up your right Leg and Shoulder 20. Charge to the Left-about In this case fall back with your Leg and Arm then bring the Pike over your head with both your hands keeping the Spear directly to the Rear at the height of shouldering turn your left Toe to the Left-about then bring up your right Foot so that the middle of it may come with your left Heel and Charge 21. Port. Do this as charging the Front but be cautions that you sink not the Spear of your Pike so low resting it instead of the Elbow between the Thumb and Fore-finger keeping the Elbow close to your side 22. Comport In this doing you must bring your left hand backward as far as you may stretching out the right making thereupon a step forward with the right Foot firmly grasping the Pike with the right hand as far as you can reach not tossing the Spear too high this done forsake it with your left hand bringing back your right Leg even with your Left then close the Pike to your side keeping the Spear about the height of your Head 23. Charge to the Front In performing this let your right Arm be extended at the same time advancing your right Leg putting back your left hand as far as you can bring your Pike forward upon which give a step back with your right Leg take hold of the butt end with your right hand then Charge Charging ever breast high 24. Fire Here you must face to the Right-about suffering the Spear of your Pike to fall behind you then let your right hand be quitted from the butt end without moving the Left take care likewise not to strike up the Spear 25. Charge as you were In this Exercise turn your self to the Left-about take the butt end of the Pike on the palm of your right hand and Charge keeping your Spear at an even height 26. Advance your Pikes Here you must observe to bring your right Heel to your left Instep as likewise your Pike before you to the Recovery then fall out with your right Foot till it come even with your Left and by this means bring your Pike to your right Thigh 27. Order your Pikes Raise your left hand even with the top of your shoulder and lay it upon your Pike your fingers stretched out then sink your left hand and raise your right and so raise the Pike that when the butt end is on the ground your right hand may be against your Eye setting the butt end to the Latchet of your Shoe and keeping the Pike near your Head and in this Exercise suffer all the butt ends to fall to the ground together 28. Pikes to your Inside Order In this doing you must fix the butt end of your Pike on the inside of your right Foot to the middle moving only your Pike and not your Foot 29. Lay down your Pikes Here step altogether with your right Legs stoop all together with a quick motion and lay them very straight with your right hands 30. Quit your Pikes With your left Leg fall back bringing it even with your right and stand up all together 31. Handle your Pikes In this doing step forward with your left Legs in a quick motion stoop all together and extending your right hands as far as you can reach grasp your Pike 32. Order your Pikes Raise the Pike with your right hand step back with your left Leg clapping the butt end for the more easie raising about the middle of your right Foot on the inside 33. Pikes to your Out-side Order To do this place the butt end of your Pike on the outside your Foot moving your Pike and not your Foot 34. Advance Do this as before And thus have we given the Practitioner in Arms The true Postures of the Musket and Pike distinctly which with a little use may perfect him in that which is so necessary to be understood by the Sons of Mars from which we proceed to give further Instructions of this kind Directions for the Exercise of the Pike and Musket together by a whole Battalion or single Company supposing the Pikes Advanced and Muskets Shouldered The word of Command given is 1. Musketeers make Ready IN this case they must perform all the postures and motions directly together till such time as they stand gaurded with their Muskets before

Barrel placing the great end of your Scowerer just at the Muzle of your Musket 22. Ram down Powder and Ball. Take a full grasp with your Thumb and Fore-finger from the Muzle your Thumb on the top of the Scowerer keeping a handful in your hand 23. Withdraw your Scowerer Your hand Thumb and Fore-finger being turned towards the Muzle clear your Scowerer at three motions and dart it as before 24. Shorten it to a Handful Clap the small end of your Scowerer to your Breast slip it to a Handful of the end holding it a little below your right Breast slooping 25. Return your Scowerer Upon this place it in its proper place without expecting any word grasp the Muzle of your Musket with the right hand your Thumb being extended upon the Scowerer keeping it half a foot clear from your Side the Muzles directly to front all of a height 26. Poise your Musket In this case with your left hand before you bring up your Musket grasp it with your right hand under the Cock falling with your right Leg to your left keeping it Poised directly before your Nose being faced to the Front let your right Elbow rest upon your Body 27. Shoulder your Muskets In doing this take the rule that has been mentioned 28. Poise your Muskets Do this as before has been shew'd 29. Order your Muskets In doing this sink your right hand a little take hold of the Stock with the left hand on the top of the Scowerer then suffering the left to sink take hold of the Muzle with the right hand the butt end easily sinking near the ground when after a little pause let them all come down together giving as it were but one thump then close to the right foot place the butt end about the middle of it the Lock outward and your right hand an Inch below the Muzle 30. Lay down your Musket Having turn'd it with the back upwards you step forwards with your left Leg and your right hand lay it on the ground that it may lie in a streight Line with the rest never laying it down with any other but the right hand 31. Quit your Musket Stand upright by raising your self with a fall back of your left Leg to your right 32. Handle your Musket Here observe to step forward with your left Leg and lay your righ● hand on the Muzle of your Musket 33. Order your Musket Upon this word raise the Muzle and fall back with your left Leg to your right turning the Lock outwards by the middle of your foot And thus in case of Fire-Arms the postures are little different as will hereafter appear Instructions for Exercising the Pike relating to the various Postures already mentioned in Command 1. Pike-men take heed Advance your Pikes IN this case move your Pike upward in a direct Line with your right hand near your side your right hand well near as high as you can reach depressing your left hand as low as you can your fingers streight out and raise your Pike till the butt end comes to your right hand at what time place it between your Breast and Shoulder keeping your butt end close that it may be more firmly uprigh● 2. To the Front Place your left hand on your Pike even with the top of your Shoulder casting your finger streight bringing your Pike right before you with a very swift motion drawing in your right Heel to your left Instep keeping the Pike streight 3. Charge In this posture fall back with your right Leg suffering the heel of your left foot to be against the middle of your right and bring down your Pike with a quick jerk support your Pike with your left elbow and Charge breast high bending your left Knee upon yeilding your Body forward to fix your self the firmer holding the butt end in the palm of your right hand your left Toe directly pointing with the spear of your Pike set your Feet at a moderate distance to stand the more firm and bring your Pike down a little beneath your breast beware of clattering close it to your breast when it is Charged 4. To the Right four times In this doing turn your left Toe to the right then make your left Heel come up with your left Instep with a quick motion recovering your Pike straight before you then having turned fall back with your right Leg Charge as before c. 5. To the Right-about Here you must by turning your left Toe bring it to the Right-about bringing up your right Heel your Pike recovered then Charge being turned with much quickness 6. As you were Bring up your left Toe by turning to the Left about then bringing your Pike recovered your left hand must never be higher than your Mouth your Feet in Order when being turn'd you must fall back with your right Leg and Charge bringing your Pike straight up without Clattering Do these as has been shewn in case of the Right only observing 8 left Motions c. 7. To the Left 4 times 8. To the Left-about 9. As you were 10. Advance your Pike In doing this make your right Hee l come up to your left Instep having your Pike before you fall out with your right Foot and bring your Pike to your right Thigh 11. Shoulder Your fingers of your left hand being extended lay that hand on your Pike even with your Shoulder then make your right Hee l come even with your left Instep your Pike right before you fall back with your right Leg and put back your right Arm as far as may be holding your Pike about half a foot from your side keeping your Eye upon the Spear and that directly to the Rear your Pike slooped when forsakeing it with your left hand bring in your right Leg laying your Pike on your right Shoulder keeping your Elbow to your Body the butt end about half a foot from the ground in the middle of the distance 12. Charge to the Front Here you must fall back with your right Leg putting back as much as may be your Arm keeping the Spear exactly to the Rear setting the Pike aslope at the same height as shouldering then bring the butt end backwards with your left hand turning the head with your right hand then quit it with that hand and take hold of the butt end and Charge breast high the palm of your hand against the butt end open and your left Elbow under the Pike the left Toe directly with the Spear and when you Charge let it be directly forward your left Heel being just against the middle of your right Foot 13. Shoulder as you were In the first place raise your Pike with both your hands then quit it with the right and with the left turn the head backwards the Spear directly with the Rear then seize it again with your right hand as high as you can reach without straining and stand with it from your Body aslope bring up your right Leg and forsaking your Pike

doubles into the odd and if it happen that the odd Ranks are to double then let the Body face to the Rear and you need not expect any other words of Command 2. Half Files 3. Bringers up Here they are said to be doubled at what time they double their Rear into the Front 4. In case of doubling the Rear it must be done when the half Files double to the Rear 5. Observe that the doubling of half Ranks must be by the one Rank doubling the other and every doubling is done by the passing through by Counter-marches intire or divisional doublings And observe in the doubling of Ranks that they are reduced by the doubling of Files further noting that the doubling Files to any hand by the doubling of Ranks to any hand they are reduced In every Motion 't is to be observed that those who are to double must before they quit their places Advance and Poise their Arms and the Commands being performed they are to conform to the same posture as they observe those to be in to whom they double whatsoever the Posture be If you go upon intire Doublings they are to be performed by Order as well in Rank as File and in Divisional Doublings must be at open Order as well in Rank as File observing your right hand man in all Motitions If your purpose be to strengthen a Battlion in the Front Rear or Flanks by doublings it may be done as to the Front and Rear by intire Doublings intire Wheelings Divisional Doublings and Divisional Wheelings and in the Flanks by Files half Ranks and Divisional Wheelings In this case the words of Command are Ranks to the Right Double March Ranks as you were March Ranks to the Left Double March Ranks as you were March Observing i● these matters a general Rule That upon any doubling of Ranks or half Files notwithstanding their turning to the contrary hand they double on from the ground they double to They when they come to their own ground must ever turn to the ●and they double and thereby they stand directly after their Leaders If you are for doubling of Files that may be done in the same manner holding in the same Order with the Reduction of doubled Ranks and for the doubling Front half Files by the Rear half Files the words of Command are Half Files to the right Hand Double your Front March Rear Half Files as you were March Rear half Files to the left hand double your Front March Rear half Files as you were March And again if you would reduce let the Rear half File stand without facing till they are passed by the Front half Files then let them fall after their proper Leaders but if by the Rear you intend to double the Front half Files the Rear half Files are to march exceeding slow the body standing still and in the half Files be curious to observe well the right hand Men and in doubling of Rear half Files by the Front half Files with the Reduction The words of Command are Front half Files to the Right-about Double your Rear half F●●es March In this case the three Front Ranks or Front half Files must turn to the Right about passing on the right hand of the Rear half Files doubling unto them and then to face to the Left-about to their Leaders without expecting the word of Command and in case of Command viz. Reduction From Half Files as you were March the Front half Files are to March slowly three foot distance from the right hand Man directing more le●●ward which reducees them to their former Ground If you are desirous to Exercise in Doublings observe the following Method Having drawn up the Battalion and if it consist of Musketiers the Commander in Chief must give the word of Command viz. Musketiers shoulder your Muskets but if the Battalion be composed of single Pikes those that are to march must be Commanded viz. Ranks that are to double to the Right Advance your Pikes Ranks that are double to the Left Advance your Pikes and this ought to be taken by the Pikes as a general Rule when they form a Battalion of themselves always advancing when they are to double fixing their Pikes upon the ground when they make a stand but different from this in some kind when the Battalion is composed of Musketiers only for the Command then is what is required in the ordering Musketiers alone and Pikes alone To the right double your Ranks in Front March Here if you would make your Doublings exactly true then the Souldiers upon their parting from their left Feet must come and place themselves in the middle of the distances of the Ranks they double and if the Battalion consist of six Ranks in depth when they are to double by Ranks either in Front or Rear then must it loose one Rank of the depth of ground and the distances of the Ranks by that means shall become double to those with whom they were before doubled this being well observed and you intend to reduce the Battalion proceeding thus Ranks as you were Then to double to the Left say To the Left double your Ranks If you intend to double your Ranks by half Files the Command must be viz. To the Right by half Files Double your Ranks in Front March And the same words are required to double the left by half Files either in the Wings or in the Rear then to reduce the Battalion the Command is only Ranks as you were To double the Ranks in Front upon the Wings so order it that from the half File to the close File the Battalion cut or divide it self in the half Ranks then the half Ranks on the left hand must face to the left and double upon the Wings of those two that have not changed their ground The manner of drawing up a Battalion and the Officers taking their Stations for Parade when they are to receive the King or General c. HEre the Battalion or Regiment being drawn up in Exercise the Ranks at twelve Feet distance and the Files at three the Musketiers sloping and carrying their Arms well the Pikes must order their Pikes in a close posture to their Bodies holding them near to their Heads the butt ends to the Latchets of their Shoes The Serjeants taking two or one on the right and left of every Rank at an equal distance as the Souldiers are at in the File but those on the Rear must place themselves at three paces from the last Rank of Souldiers well ordering their Halberts and having their Hats off the Drums are to stand on the right and the left even with the Front Rank of the Souldiers and at the same distance one from the other The Hoitboys are to be on the right of the Drums on the one side and the Drums on the right on the other The Officers Posts or Places Lieutenants to be divided equally at the head of the right and left Wings of Shot the Ensigns to be at the

be recovered from the Charge the Granadiers must take their Posts as before they were divided Shoulder your Muskets The Pike-men at this word of Command must bring their Pikes to their Thighs to their Advance the Rank of Officers Advancing together before the head of the Battalion two paces Ranks open backward at twelve Foot distance March Rear half Files of Musketiers that doubled to the Right-about as you were March Officers Colours Drums and Hoitboys to your proper Posts March If it so happen that a Battalion be more than once to Fire in Exercise then before you fall on instead of Clubing your Muskets when the first Fireing is over the Musketiers as they March must make Ready and the Pike-men Port noting by the way that every right-hand Man being a Pike-man of each Company must ever march with the Ensign's Pike The Drums must beat the Preparative at what time the first Division draws up either in Battalion or single Company being the most ready way to give notice to the Rear to draw up likewise when the Preparative is beat the Pikes Shouldered are to Advance except the Command be given to the Musketiers to recover their Arms and then the Pikes are to Port but not otherways in drawing up but at the Advance neither must the Ranks close forward or mend their pace in Marching but to draw up as at other times except the Command be given to the Musketiers to recover their Arms or make Ready being the same posture then they are ever to march as has been before directed In Marching by Subdivision what is to be observed IF a long March be designed for a Battalion by Subdivision the Files must be counted and ordered according to the wideness or narrowness of the ways they are to March posting one half of the Captains at the head of the first Subdivision of Shot and the other in the Rear of the last dividing the Lieutenants to every Subdivision of Shot for their better care of them the Colours being likewise divided to march at the head of every Subdivision of Pikes and the Serjeants are always to march on the Flanks never leading or bringing up a Division except Commanded and those Serjeants that are placed at the Rere of a Battalion when drawn up are ever to take care of the Pikes in Marching and in this way of Marching they are to March shouldering in Files but not in such Order as to jostle or incroach upon one another and although at sometimes it may fall out that more Men may be in one Rank than in another yet the Spaces must not be Left but they are to file in Marching shoulder to shoulder the Captains and Officers ever to March with their Pikes under-hand unless it be when they pass by a General Officer or advance before a Guard which they are to Relieve or off the Parade in which Cases they are to shoulder Defiles their Management A Defile properly so termed is a mirey Lane or difficult Place of Passage if it happen withall to be narrow and to make good the Passage you would draw up as soon as you have passed it in order then make the Ranks Files and if the Right the Right-hand man is to File first and the rest of his Rank must follow him then are they to Rank again as they were which proves more advantagious than Files fileing for this Reason viz. Because it presently makes a Front to the Enemy and in case of great Ranks they may File two a Breast beginning with the outermost File-Leaders and if the space will admit that is in large Defiles the Commander may make a Front by Drawing off as appears best to his Discretion Wheeling what it is and how to b● observed c. WHeeling is a Motion in Military Exercise which by turning brings the Head of a Battalion to the Flank ground which is extremely necessary if the Wing of a Battalion be attacked or when you see it advantagious to attack the Enemy in the Flank and on many other occasions as the advantage or disadvantage of War offers But to the purpose The Battalion drawn up the Officer in chief gives the Word of Command March and when the Battalion wheels upon the first Head of the right hand File then it wheels to the Right and when it do's the like upon the Left it wheels to the Left A Quarter Wheeling is termed the first Wheeling as it happens when they take a Compass to possess their own or the Ground left by another Battalion and in all Wheelings such compasses of Ground must be taken as that they leave no gap nor press each other out and to avoid this every Man must take notice of his distance at File the Word of Command being given to Wheel and then if you are to Wheel to the Right be sure to keep that distance from your right-hand Man the Ranks taking great notice of their Leaders closing very quick to the Left in the Rear observing to do the like to the Right if the Battalion wheel to the Left The manner of Wheeling a Battalion or Body when they March in Division The Battalion being upon the March and commanded to Wheel when it is so so ordered to the Right the right hand Man keeps his ground only turning upon his heel whilst the left hand Man moves about with a swift pace till he makes an even Line with the right-hand Man and the Word be given to Stand the second Rank observing not to begin to Wheel till they have taken the ground of the first by which means every Rank is to March successively forward up to their Leader's ground before they attempt to wheel for therein lyes the dexterity of this way of Wheeling The Soldiers before they offer to Wheel must take notice of that hand in Marching to which they are to Wheel for as the Right hand Man is to be noted upon the March when they Wheel to the left so on the contrary the Left-hand Men when they are to Wheel to the Left If the Service requires Wheeling in single Ranks observe The Manner of Wheeling in single Ranks When it is requisite for the Service to wheel in single Ranks for lining or guarding The Words of Command are viz. Ranks to the Right or if to the Left then Ranks to the Left-hand Wheel March The Right or Left-hand Man to which the Wheeling is made being to keep his ground only turning till the Line comes direct the rest being all to Wheel together in one Rank and at the VVord of Command March the Colours must wheel in before the Ranks the Drums taking their Places on the right and left of the Ranks as must the Serjeants observing that they be closed to the right or left without leaving any unseemly Spaces and to Reduce again observe the following Order The manner of Reduction IN doing this the left-hand Man of each Rank must stand and keeping his Ground only turn about to the Left and at

are to have their Arms straight before them ready Cockt and Gaurded and the Pikes being Ported they must charge when the Musketiers Present and then ensue the further words of Command viz. The five first Ranks kneel The Rear Ranks Present Fire The Fifth Rank stand up Present Fire The Fourth Rank stand up Present Fire In this manner the rest must be Commanded when they have fired they are to Charge again and make themselves in readiness to expect the next word of Command and this Order of Fireing may be performed by two or three Ranks at a time the first kneeling the second stooping and the third standing up In fireing to gain ground observe this Order The Battalion marching he that is to give the word of Command proceeds thus First Ranks of Musketiers make ready Halt Upon this the intire Battalion must Halt then he is to Command the Musketiers of the first Rank To Present Fire And as soon as they have fired they must recover their Arms not expecting any word of Command and with a swift pace File off to the Right and Left into the Rear observing ever when the first Rank Presents the next Rank is to make Ready and as the first files off the next must make good the Front Battalion marching and every Rank to fire in this Order and at the presenting of every Rank the Pikes without Command The manner of Fireing to the Front Retreating If the Enemy press your Battalion in Front and you cannot make good your Ground you may to prevent their pressing on Fire Retreating in single Ranks in the same manner as when you are to gain Ground except after the fireing of every Rank and their having filed off to the Right and Left into the Rear instead of the next Ranks advancing to make good the Front of the Pikes the Pikes must make their Retreat to the Musketiers who must keep their Ground till the Pikes make an even Front equal with them and the rest of the Ranks in their Fireing and Retreating are to observe this Method The manner of Fireing in the Flank If a Battalion be upon the March and is constrained by reason of the pressing of the Enemy to Fire to both Flanks it is to be thus performed Keep the Ranks at six foot distance and the intervals of that distance must be carefully observed between the Muskets and Pikes in their Divisions and this must be done by causing the Musketiers to incline to the right and left upon every fireing to the Flanks The words of Command are viz. To the right and left hand Files of Musketiers make Ready Which they must do and keep along with the Body not facing to the Flanks till they are commanded to Present and when they have fired they are to face to the Rear being thereupon lead a thwart very quick by the Serjeants and so up between their own Divisions and the Pikes and as soon as ever the next Flank Files Present those that succeed or support them are to make Ready without expecting the word of Command as is many other cases has been instanced keeping a long with the Body till they are bid Present and this Order must be observed till all the Files have fired each man upon fireing falling back with his right Leg in case of fireing to the Rear which many times stands instead especially upon being Charged by a greater number or upon a Retreat you must observe the following Order The manner of Fireing in the Rear The words of Command directing this way of Fireing are first The Rear Ranks of Musketiers make Ready By which is understood Cocking and Guarding Then Present Fire Upon these words the Souldiers must turn to the Right-about casting their left Legs backwards then Present and Fire which done they must recover their Arms without any word of Command marching up into the Front and there taking their Stations and note that as soon as the first Rank is bid Present the next is to make Ready without Command but must not face to the Rear till Commanded to Present and when the first Rank is bid to Present the Pikes must march till such time as the Rear of the Pikes are even with the next Rank of Musketiers that have made Ready by which means room will be left in the Front for that Rank that fires to bring themselves up even with the first Rank of Pikes every Rank being to do the like by the same Order The manner of Fireing the Street-way THis Fireing is generally made to defend against Horse that attempt to Charge in the Front when the Pikes are few then the Rear half Files of Pikes must double the Front upon this Command viz. Rear half Files of Pikes to the Right Double your Front March Musketiers to the Right about March The Musketiers being clear of the Pikes the following Commands are to be given Musketiers face to the Right and Left inwards March Upon this Command they are to joyn the Center of the Pikes and the Commandan● proceeds viz. Face to your Leader Hereupon the care of the Officers must b● to observe the Shot and the Pikes equall● Wing the former keeping no more distance from the latter then to give space for the Ensigns Drums and Hoitboys to com● between then the Captains are to take place in the first Ranks of the Pikes and the Lieutenants with the Musketiers and according as the Body is bigger or lesser one or more of the Serjeants must see the two first Ranks of Musketiers to face to the right or left and when the Command is given by the Chief Commandant viz. Port your Pikes The Musketiers of the two first Ranks must make Ready and at the word March the two first Ranks are to be brought up by the Serjeants to the right or left according as it is ordered who by two and two siting up they thwart under the Pikes and there they are to face to the proper Front without expecting any VVord of Command and to make two Ranks and that some are may be ever reserved 't is most expedient to fire but one Rank at a time the second being cock'd or guarded to stand either of them as near to the Pikes as the Management of their Arms will permit then the VVord is to be given viz. First Ranks of Musketiers kneel Upon which they must fall-back with their right legs keeping their left fixed their arms-upright before them their left hands even with their mouths then the further word of Command is given viz. Present Fire Immediately upon fireing they are to recover their Arms without expecting the word of Command and so file off on the contrary hand they advanced on with as much speed as they can the Serjeants leading them close by the Body unto the Rear placing them there in their proper Files The Musketiers being commanded to Present the Pikes must port very low without any other word and in the same Order to raise their Pikes as soon

always in this there is one Battery bigger than the rest called the Royal Battery which generally fronts the Town besieged and is frequently raised as high as the Walls and these Batteries must labour to dismount the Cannon of the besieged as well as batter the Walls for thereby the Enterprise will be facilitated but many times the Flankers are covered in a manner by the Counterscarp which must thereupon be laid open or possessed by the besiegers to gain a more uninterrupted Access and if the besieged Parly and send out to make terms Hostilities ought to cease till those that came out are returned unless the besiegers will refuse to hearken to any Parly which is not often observed unless the matter be carried so far that the breaches are laid open and there is no way or means for a longer Defence then instead of gaining Conditions they are forced to surrender upon Discretion If by Battery Mining throwing Bombs or a perpetual tiring the Enemy the Town is saultable and a general Storm be intended it must however be the General 's care as much as in him is to keep his intentions from the besieged but pretending one thing suddenly change the Order into another for by it the Enemy is accused and the Souldiers Spirits are kept up this Rule was observed by the Duke of Lorain in taking of Buda and proved very successful as it has done in the like upon other occasion The Court Martial or Council of War what is to be considered therein IT is necessary the young Souldiers should have some insight in this Affair to prevent his ignorantly incurring Danger and in this Case in an Army or Incampment the Council of War meet at the General 's Tent or Quarters and to this are called the Lieutenant-Generals the Major-Generals the Brigadiers as likewise the Collonels and Commanders of Bodies where it is requisite or that the Matter concerns their Regiment There are private Court-Martials or Councils of War frequently held in Garrisons and these may be held at the Governour 's House or in any other convenient place as the Governour shall appoint or if it be in a Camp it may be at the Collonel's Tent and he thereupon is to send notice to the Captains of his Regiment to be present those whose business it is to be there being assembled the Collonel or Governour or whose Right it is to be President takes place at the upper end of the Table and the Captains in their Degree and if there be no Judge-Advocate or he be absent the Town-Major Aid-Major or Quarter-Master discharges that Office and accordingly takes his place at the lower end of the Table As for the Lieutenants Sub-Lieutenants and Ensigns they have Priviledge to be there but only as Spectators with their Hats off and if the Matter be of consequence after it is opened by the President the youngest Officers gives first his Opinion and so the rest in Order the President being the last and being put all in Writing the Matter happens conform to the plurality of Votes and then is to be signed by the President if the matter is to be judged of by this Council or Court then the Party accused is brought before them and being informed of what he stands accused the Questions proper to the matter of his Accusations are asked him and then he has Liberty to reply as in case of civil Judicature when being withdrawn in the custody of the Marshal who is the Goaler of this Court the proof against him is considered and every one gives his opinion upon his Conscience and he stands or falls by the plurality of Voices and being called in and made acquainted with what has been determined the Sentence is pronounced by the President in the name of the Court c. and if he be guilty 't is the business of the Provost Martial to see it put in Execution and if the Punishment be publick the Regiment ought to be drawn up Spectators as a warning to them in offending c. but a Souldier for the Honour of the Profession is not to undergo any infamous Punishment before he be degraded of his Arms and his Coat in publick strip'd off and to frame this Court there must be no less than Seaven the President being one many times for want of a sufficient number of Superiour Officers Inferiour Officers are admitted but not often Of divers Figures in Battel-Array or for Fireing c. THere are various Figures wherein an Army or a Body of Men may be drawn up besides these we have named wherefore for the satisfaction of the more curious and for the greater variety it will be convenient to incert them by way of Prospect c. If you would draw up a cross Battle in the following Figure you may do it with a private Company or as many as you please and to bring them into form The words of Command are viz. The first two Ranks wheel your Front into the midst The two last Ranks wheel your Rear into the midst These words being given the next Command must be The rest of the Body Face to the right and left March The March must be continued till the Rear of the four Divisions make an even Hollow that may be square after that the Commander must go into the middle and give these words of Command viz. To the Center face all by which means he may give them directions what to do and then proceed further to say Face all about to the Right which makes the cross Battle Of the two Divisions one after the other Then Face all to the proper Front So you have all your Musketires in the midst flanked with Pikes Then Musketiers Face The Cross Battel Face to the right and left outward Pikes face to the right and left inward pass through and interchange ground So is your Body reduced to its first Front and Order If you would fire upon this Figure consider there are two ways in general and of these first it is to be noted when the Musketiers give Fire thereupon placing themselves in the Rear of their own Division the next Rank is after they have Fired place themselves in the Rear of the Pikes To Reduce the Cross Battle The Officers in the middle must give the Command viz. Face all to the Centre And then further proceed to Command those Divisions that were Flankers viz. Close to your Order The four fronted Battle called the Plynthium how to frame it by Command TO order this the Command must be viz. Half Files of Pikes Face to the Rear March This they must observe till clear of the Ranks of the Musketiers and then the Command is Half Files of Musketiers Face to the Right and Left March This must be done in marching between the Divisions of Pikes then the further word is Left half Ranks of the first Division of Musketiers Face to the Right and March between the Rear Division of Pikes In this case it is noted that