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increase_n so_o in_o the_o great_a drought_n such_o as_o we_o observe_v in_o these_o last_o year_n in_o which_o the_o whole_a region_n on_o this_o and_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o po_n do_v exceed_o want_a water_n they_o suff_v no_o decrease_v moreover_o these_o water_n be_v very_o warm_a in_o winter_n so_o that_o they_o send_v forth_o a_o smoke_n but_o in_o summer_n they_o be_v very_o cold_a some_o day_n after_o the_o eruption_n be_v make_v when_o the_o water_n have_v settle_v they_o usual_o cover_v the_o well_o with_o a_o marble_n stone_n and_o as_o it_o be_v seal_v it_o and_o afterward_o convey_v the_o water_n by_o earthen_a pipe_n from_o the_o same_o into_o vessel_n of_o marble_n or_o of_o stone_n from_o which_o afterward_o the_o water_n be_v by_o other_o conduit_n continual_o bed_n of_o clay_n be_v about_o 11_o foot_n and_o sometime_o it_o be_v full_a of_o cockle-shell_n it_o end_v therefore_o about_o the_o depth_n of_o 39_o foot_n after_o that_o there_o appear_v another_o 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that_o waâ—er_n which_o be_v hear_v before_o the_o perforation_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o wellsâ—oes_v â—oes_z make_v it_o manifest_a enough_o neither_o can_v any_o object_n that_o even_o stagnant_a water_n be_v subject_a to_o great_a commotion_n as_o be_v know_v of_o the_o vulsinian_n lake_n thrasumenus_fw-la and_o benacus_n of_o which_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o poet_n say_v teque_fw-la adeo_fw-la assurgens_fw-la aestu_fw-la benace_n marino_fw-mi o_o benacus_n which_o like_o the_o ocean_n roar_v for_o that_o be_v not_o constant_a yea_o these_o lake_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v very_o still_o but_o the_o noise_n of_o the_o water_n before_o the_o terebration_n be_v constant_o hear_v which_o i_o always_o perceive_v distinct_o as_o oft_o as_o i_o descend_v into_o these_o well_n and_o to_o this_o agree_v the_o undertaker_n of_o these_o well_n who_o by_o the_o noise_n of_o the_o water_n guess_v that_o they_o have_v do_v with_o dig_v but_o see_v the_o wait_a rise_v so_o sudden_o to_o the_o height_n 〈◊〉_d 68_o foot_n cast_v forth_o sand_n and_o stone_n with_o force_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o these_o subterraneous_a water_n descend_v from_o a_o high_a place_n and_o be_v continual_o press_v on_o by_o other_o that_o follow_v neither_o do_v i_o think_v that_o such_o a_o sudden_a rise_n of_o the_o water_n can_v be_v attribute_v to_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o superincumbent_a earth_n which_o drive_v the_o water_n upward_o by_o its_o pressure_n i_o know_v indeed_o that_o water_n may_v be_v elevate_v above_o its_o surface_n when_o it_o be_v drive_v up_o by_o some_o force_n lie_v upon_o it_o as_o scaliger_n write_v against_o cardan_n demonstrate_v by_o the_o example_n of_o a_o cylindrical_a vessel_n with_o pipe_n on_o both_o side_n and_o a_o plug_n fit_v exact_o to_o its_o capacity_n into_o which_o be_v full_a of_o water_n if_o you_o force_v down_o the_o plug_n it_o will_v raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n that_o 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occur_v and_o it_o be_v this_o if_o the_o water_n run_v away_o so_o violent_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v no_o reason_n why_o these_o well_n be_v dig_v they_o shall_v rise_v upward_o but_o it_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v by_o a_o physical_a experiment_n that_o the_o water_n can_v ascend_v in_o such_o as_o case_n for_o let_v there_o be_v a_o vessel_n full_a of_o water_n 1._o at_o who_o side_n near_o the_o bottom_n a_o pipe_n be_v insert_v at_o right_a angle_n pierce_v with_o many_o holes_n efg_n and_o in_o the_o low_a part_n let_v it_o have_v a_o slit_v he_o if_o now_o you_o give_v the_o water_n free_a vent_n to_o run_v out_o not_o only_o it_o will_v not_o ascend_v at_o the_o holes_n but_o neither_o will_v it_o descend_v at_o the_o slit_v but_o will_v all_o run_v out_o at_o the_o wide_a mouth_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o it_o will_v be_v pleasant_a to_o see_v the_o water_n hang_v out_o at_o the_o slit_v and_o not_o fall_v till_o at_o the_o latter_a end_n the_o vessel_n be_v almost_o empty_a the_o water_n will_v no_o more_o run_v out_o at_o the_o wide_a mouth_n but_o will_v all_o run_v down_o through_o the_o slit._n if_o therefore_o this_o experiment_n hold_v the_o suppose_a run_v of_o the_o water_n to_o place_n far_o off_o and_o their_o manifest_a ascent_n into_o these_o well_n at_o the_o same_o time_n seem_v not_o to_o agree_v with_o the_o law_n of_o hydrostaticks_n for_o if_o they_o flow_v free_o and_o without_o stop_v without_o doubt_n they_o can_v rise_v on_o high_a which_o be_v confirm_v by_o what_o the_o most_o learned_a scaliger_n say_v in_o his_o exercitation_n 100_o who_o inquire_v whether_o water_n may_v run_v under_o other_o water_n say_v that_o near_o the_o river_n oâ—tus_n there_o be_v a_o well_o on_o a_o
fish_n and_o fowl_n be_v produce_v out_o of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v on_o the_o five_o day_n gen._n 1._o 20._o and_o god_n say_v let_v the_o water_n bring_v forth_o abundant_o the_o live_a creature_n that_o have_v life_n and_o the_o fowl_n etc._n etc._n ver_fw-la 23._o and_o the_o evening_n and_o the_o morning_n be_v the_o five_o day_n now_o how_o can_v this_o be_v consistent_a with_o a_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n encompass_v the_o abyss_n in_o which_o there_o must_v be_v no_o open_v or_o hiatus_fw-la or_o else_o how_o can_v the_o crust_n when_o it_o be_v first_o form_v be_v keep_v from_o fall_v in_o in_o which_o case_n this_o abyss_n must_v be_v a_o very_a improper_a place_n for_o fish_n to_o live_v in_o far_o more_o for_o their_o increase_n and_o multiply_v for_o it_o be_v observe_v now_o in_o fishpond_n if_o the_o water_n be_v quite_o freeze_v that_o the_o fish_n die_v for_o want_v of_o air_n and_o therefore_o in_o holland_n where_o they_o have_v a_o great_a many_o fish_n pond_n about_o their_o house_n and_o great_a frost_n they_o break_v the_o ice_n from_o time_n to_o time_n lest_o their_o fish_n shall_v die_v for_o want_v of_o air._n it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o the_o plant_n be_v produce_v the_o same_o day_n with_o the_o earth_n before_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n but_o the_o live_a creature_n viz._n the_o fish_n and_o fowl_n be_v not_o make_v till_o after_o the_o four_o day_n in_o which_o the_o luminary_n be_v make_v that_o they_o may_v have_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n to_o direct_v they_o by_o their_o light_n in_o their_o remove_n to_o and_o fro_o to_o seek_v their_o food_n but_o the_o plant_n which_o receive_v their_o nourishment_n stand_v still_o in_o the_o ground_n have_v not_o so_o great_a need_n of_o that_o light_n and_o therefore_o be_v make_v before_o from_o this_o we_o may_v infer_v that_o the_o order_n keep_v in_o this_o short_a history_n be_v not_o only_o to_o comply_v with_o the_o weak_a capacity_n of_o the_o ignorant_a people_n but_o to_o tell_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o less_o reason_n for_o the_o order_n of_o all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o history_n though_o the_o theorist_n have_v the_o confidence_n to_o ridicule_n it_o as_o be_v fit_v only_o to_o the_o capacity_n of_o ignorant_a slave_n new_o come_v out_o of_o egypt_n but_o suppose_v fish_n may_v live_v there_o for_o 1600_o year_n as_o the_o faetus_fw-la do_v in_o the_o mother_n womb_n shut_v up_o in_o darkness_n from_o the_o air_n and_o the_o prolific_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n how_o can_v our_o theorist_n give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o production_n of_o fowl_n out_o of_o the_o water_n that_o be_v consistent_a with_o the_o scripture_n for_o the_o earth_n be_v make_v the_o three_o day_n and_o firm_a enough_o to_o produce_v plant_n how_o or_o at_o what_o â—ent_v get_v the_o fowl_n out_o into_o the_o open_a air_n suppose_v they_o can_v make_v their_o way_n through_o the_o eggshell_n in_o place_n near_o the_o pole_n where_o it_o be_v still_o but_o like_o mudd_n or_o be_v our_o oil_v cake_n not_o strong_a enough_o by_o this_o time_n to_o keep_v the_o bird_n from_o fly_v out_o if_o not_o sure_o they_o will_v be_v so_o daub_v with_o oil_n or_o earth_n that_o they_o will_v never_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v themselves_o out_o of_o the_o mudd_n or_o when_o raise_v to_o fly_v but_o again_o if_o the_o fish_n be_v thus_o enclose_v within_o the_o crust_n how_o can_v the_o blessing_n of_o god_n upon_o man_n take_v place_n ver._n 28._o viz._n that_o he_o shall_v have_v dominion_n over_o the_o fish_n of_o the_o sea_n see_v for_o 16_o hundred_o year_n they_o be_v so_o far_o remove_v from_o his_o habitation_n likely_a some_o hundred_o of_o mile_n the_o whole_a crust_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v interpose_v between_o he_o and_o they_o and_o expand_v itself_o with_o heat_n which_o will_v be_v derogatory_n from_o the_o subtlety_n of_o the_o cartesian_a aether_n upon_o which_o he_o and_o seignor_n spoletti_n the_o venetian_a ambassadour_n physician_n be_v please_v to_o honour_v i_o with_o a_o visit_n at_o my_o chamber_n the_o experiment_n be_v this_o i_o have_v a_o glass_n pipe_n such_o as_o they_o make_v the_o baroscope_n of_o blow_v into_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o round_a ball_n at_o the_o end_n that_o be_v hermetical_o seal_v and_o bend_a into_o a_o syphon_n who_o leg_n be_v parallel_v but_o distant_a from_o another_o three_o inch_n so_o that_o the_o leg_n on_o which_o the_o ball_n stand_v be_v nine_o inch_n long_o but_o the_o other_o two_o foot_n long_o the_o short_a leg_n and_o the_o intermedial_a pipe_n i_o fill_v quite_o with_o water_n to_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o great_a leg_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o air_n leave_v in_o the_o space_n than_o i_o put_v into_o it_o some_o file_n of_o steel_n about_o a_o drachm_n and_o a_o half_a and_o after_o the_o file_n be_v lay_v along_o in_o the_o intermedial_a pipe_n i_o put_v to_o it_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n 30_o or_o 40_o drop_n which_o mix_v with_o the_o water_n for_o otherwise_o strong_a oil_n of_o vitriol_n do_v not_o work_v upon_o the_o file_n do_v immediate_o corrode_v the_o iron_n and_o send_v up_o to_o the_o ball_n so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o this_o generate_v air_n as_o to_o fill_v it_o and_o half_a the_o short_a leg_n in_o a_o very_a little_a space_n in_o which_o it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o apply_v my_o warm_a hand_n to_o the_o ball_n it_o do_v expand_v itself_o in_o a_o instant_n so_o much_o as_o to_o drive_v out_o the_o water_n at_o the_o long_a pipe_n but_o on_o withdraw_a my_o hand_n it_o contract_v itself_o into_o half_a the_o ball_n where_o it_o have_v stand_v ever_o since_o december_n last_o year_n now_o it_o be_v november_n another_o thing_n very_o remarkable_a in_o this_o be_v a_o considerable_a heat_n that_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v ever_o since_o on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o ball_n such_o as_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o great_a end_n of_o fresh_a egg_n and_o this_o though_o the_o water_n the_o other_o half_o be_v very_o cold_a and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n some_o of_o the_o vapour_n get_v out_o into_o the_o open_a air._n at_o the_o first_o it_o have_v a_o saltish_a taste_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o ball_n which_o i_o can_v not_o observe_v in_o the_o summer_n but_o now_o in_o november_n i_o observe_v it_o very_o remarkable_a with_o the_o heat_n and_o so_o it_o appear_v to_o a_o young_a gentleman_n that_o be_v with_o i_o at_o that_o time_n before_o i_o come_v to_o apply_v this_o to_o the_o subject_n in_o hand_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o remark_n from_o scripture_n gen._n 7._o 11._o that_o there_o be_v then_o and_o still_o be_v great_a cavity_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n full_a of_o water_n to_o which_o agree_v the_o testimony_n of_o the_o author_n mention_v in_o ramazzini_n these_o cavity_n see_v the_o scripture_n say_v nothing_o to_o the_o contrary_a we_o may_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v make_v from_o the_o beginning_n not_o as_o deformity_n 76._o but_o for_o noble_a and_o excellent_a use_n and_o that_o by_o take_v off_o the_o upper_a crust_n from_o some_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o lay_v it_o on_o other_o the_o everlasting_a mountain_n and_o a_o bed_n for_o the_o ocean_n be_v frame_v at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o thus_o a_o passage_n be_v open_v for_o the_o water_n that_o before_o encompass_v the_o earth_n to_o run_v into_o these_o cavity_n it_o be_v not_o material_a for_o our_o purpose_n whether_o this_o be_v all_o do_v in_o one_o day_n as_o the_o theory_n object_n or_o whether_o the_o water_n can_v run_v so_o fast_o away_o from_o the_o inland_a place_n as_o to_o leave_v they_o quite_o bare_a it_o be_v enough_o if_o in_o that_o day_n the_o dry_a land_n do_v appear_v as_o doubtless_o a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o do_v the_o theorist_n think_v this_o a_o very_a laborious_a work_n as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a thing_n for_o the_o author_n of_o nature_n who_o tell_v his_o servant_n that_o if_o they_o have_v faith_n but_o as_o a_o grain_n of_o mustardseed_n they_o may_v remove_v mountain_n into_o the_o sea_n to_o remove_v the_o mountain_n out_o of_o the_o sea_n 2._o that_o this_o abyss_n do_v communicate_v with_o the_o ocean_n which_o be_v a_o consequence_n of_o the_o first_o and_o support_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o ram._n p._n 125_o 158._o 3._o that_o in_o these_o cavity_n may_v be_v generate_v mineral_n and_o metal_n ram._n p._n 32._o and_o that_o by_o the_o colluctation_n of_o several_a contrary_a salt_n in_o the_o abyss_n may_v be_v generate_v a_o air_n and_o sometime_o so_o sudden_o as_o to_o make_v explosion_n of_o which_o and_o the_o first_o supposition_n earthquake_n
the_o most_o curious_a thing_n which_o appear_v in_o the_o digging_z of_o the_o well_n and_o when_o the_o water_n spring_v up_o be_v remark_v but_o that_o i_o may_v not_o keep_v the_o reader_n long_o in_o suspense_n you_o must_v know_v for_o a_o certain_a truth_n which_o many_o thousand_o of_o experiment_n have_v already_o confirm_v that_o in_o any_o place_n within_o or_o without_o the_o city_n for_o some_o mile_n round_o one_o may_v open_v a_o spring_n which_o shall_v constant_o send_v forth_o most_o pure_a water_n and_o see_v every_o citizen_n may_v take_v out_o of_o this_o great_a stock_n as_o much_o water_n for_o his_o private_a uses_n as_o he_o please_v without_o fear_n of_o wrong_v the_o public_a or_o be_v fine_v for_o it_o therefore_o when_o any_o will_v have_v a_o spring_n in_o his_o own_o house_n he_o call_v some_o workman_n and_o have_v agree_v for_o the_o price_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n do_v not_o exceed_v the_o sum_n of_o forty_o crown_n he_o show_v they_o the_o place_n which_o he_o think_v most_o fit_a and_o they_o without_o further_a consideration_n dig_v a_o well_o in_o a_o place_n mark_v out_o for_o they_o and_o when_o they_o have_v come_v to_o the_o depth_n of_o about_o 63_o foot_n they_o pierce_v the_o bottom_n with_o a_o great_a auger_n which_o when_o it_o have_v be_v drive_v down_o 5_o foot_n deep_a immediate_o the_o water_n gush_v out_o with_o so_o great_a force_n throw_v up_o stone_n and_o sand_n that_o almost_o in_o a_o moment_n all_o the_o well_o be_v fill_v to_o the_o top_n and_o the_o water_n flow_v out_o thence_o constant_o moreover_o that_o which_o in_o dig_v these_o well_n give_v the_o great_a trouble_n to_o the_o workman_n be_v the_o great_a abundance_n of_o water_n flow_v from_o the_o side_n by_o which_o they_o be_v sometime_o much_o trouble_v till_o they_o come_v to_o the_o depth_n of_o 28_o foot_n where_o first_o the_o potter_n clay_n begin_v to_o appear_v and_o therefore_o to_o keep_v off_o these_o water_n which_o be_v none_o of_o the_o clean_a when_o they_o first_o break_v earth_n they_o make_v a_o well_o pretty_a large_a drawing_z out_o the_o water_n that_o flow_v together_o on_o every_o side_n till_o they_o come_v to_o the_o bed_n of_o clay_n then_o they_o build_v upon_o it_o as_o on_o a_o solid_a foudation_n a_o wall_n round_o about_o of_o lime_n and_o well-burnt_a brick_n make_v for_o the_o purpose_n that_o so_o the_o well_o may_v be_v narrow_a and_o they_o careful_o plaster_v the_o outer_a surface_n of_o it_o with_o clay_n well_o wrought_v press_v it_o with_o their_o foot_n and_o thus_o they_o continue_v to_o do_v till_o they_o come_v to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o hinder_v the_o influx_n of_o water_n from_o the_o side_n which_o be_v do_v as_o if_o all_o be_v safe_a and_o there_o be_v no_o more_o fear_n of_o the_o water_n come_v from_o the_o side_n they_o carry_v on_o their_o dig_v to_o the_o lowermost_a place_n so_o successful_o that_o from_o the_o appear_v of_o the_o clay_n they_o observe_v no_o more_o water_n to_o drop_v yea_o which_o be_v wonderful_a they_o be_v force_v sometime_o to_o moisten_v the_o earth_n with_o water_n that_o it_o may_v be_v more_o easy_o dig_v it_o be_v also_o no_o small_a disadvantage_n to_o the_o digger_n before_o they_o come_v to_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o chalky_a or_o clayie_a ground_n that_o the_o soft_a earth_n fall_v in_o upon_o they_o by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o side-water_n which_o impediment_n be_v not_o overcome_v but_o with_o great_a labour_n but_o when_o at_o length_n they_o come_v to_o the_o bed_n of_o clay_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o great_a depth_n there_o be_v nothing_o to_o hinder_v they_o form_n get_v by_o the_o usual_a bore_v the_o usual_a eruption_n of_o water_n for_o no_o case_n be_v remember_v in_o any_o place_n whatsoever_o within_o the_o city_n or_o without_o the_o city_n for_o some_o mile_n in_o which_o upon_o open_v a_o hole_n and_o give_v vent_n to_o the_o enclose_a water_n they_o do_v not_o immediate_o spring_v up_o on_o high_a for_o the_o digger_n do_v with_o as_o great_a assurance_n and_o confidence_n fasten_v down_o their_o auger_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o well_n as_o one_o be_v to_o draw_v wine_n will_v pierce_v a_o hogshead_n when_o it_o be_v full_a i_o be_v often_o present_a when_o this_o phlebotomy_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v it_o be_v practise_v and_o i_o always_o observe_v the_o water_n to_o break_v out_o almost_o with_o the_o same_o force_n which_o at_o the_o first_o be_v muddy_a and_o full_a of_o sand_n but_o the_o next_o day_n it_o appear_v clear_a enough_o but_o when_o the_o water_n have_v break_v out_o and_o the_o borer_n be_v pull_v out_o sit_v on_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o auger_n immediate_o two_o or_o three_o workman_n that_o be_v about_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o well_o draw_v out_o the_o water_n with_o all_o possible_a diligence_n for_o see_v at_o that_o time_n the_o force_n of_o the_o water_n drive_v out_o much_o sand_n and_o gravel_n they_o say_v that_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n be_v promote_v and_o the_o well_n be_v make_v to_o send_v forth_o water_n more_o plentiful_o neither_o can_v the_o stuff_n settle_v to_o the_o bottom_n stop_v the_o hole_n the_o digger_n of_o the_o well_n say_v that_o some_o new-made_a fountain_n have_v throw_v up_o sometime_o so_o much_o water_n with_o the_o gravel_n and_o sand_n that_o the_o ground_n give_v way_n on_o every_o side_n and_o threaten_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o adjacent_a building_n they_o have_v be_v force_v to_o fill_v up_o the_o fountain_n again_o with_o earth_n and_o hew_a stone_n but_o the_o pibble_n stone_n which_o be_v throw_v up_o by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o water_n differ_v not_o much_o from_o those_o which_o be_v see_v in_o the_o adjacent_a river_n neither_o be_v they_o small_a but_o some_o of_o they_o weigh_v 3_o or_o 4_o ounce_n some_o of_o these_o be_v adorn_v with_o vein_n of_o gold_n and_o pretty_a hard_a other_o be_v hard_a and_o like_o the_o rudiment_n of_o pibble_n stone_n in_o some_o place_n where_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o city_n be_v low_a the_o water_n arise_v above_o the_o plain_a from_o whence_o it_o run_v easy_o down_o but_o in_o high_a place_n it_o stop_v below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o plain_a so_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o make_v conduit_n under_o ground_n through_o which_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o public_a canal_n which_o afterward_o meet_v into_o one_o canal_n that_o be_v navigable_a and_o by_o which_o they_o sail_v convenient_o enough_o even_o to_o venice_n for_o this_o canal_n fall_v into_o the_o scultenna_n and_o the_o scultenna_n into_o the_o po_n the_o number_n of_o these_o fountain_n be_v very_o great_a so_o that_o now_o almost_o every_o house_n have_v one_o and_o their_o number_n be_v increase_v the_o old_a fountain_n become_v few_o as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o most_o illustrious_a family_n of_o the_o sadalet_n now_o belong_v to_o the_o castelvitry_n where_o the_o pipe_n that_o now_o send_v forth_o no_o more_o water_n be_v high_o than_o those_o that_o at_o present_a do_v these_o fountain_n also_o be_v in_o the_o garden_n about_o the_o town_n and_o in_o the_o adjacent_a village_n some_o of_o which_o rise_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n moreover_o the_o digger_n of_o the_o well_n say_v that_o they_o have_v on_o trial_n find_v they_o seven_o mile_n from_o the_o city_n beyond_o scultenna_n for_o have_v make_v a_o hole_n with_o a_o auger_n they_o say_v the_o water_n do_v boil_v up_o free_o enough_o throw_v up_o sand_n and_o gravel_n wherefore_o the_o limit_n of_o this_o hide_a spring_n be_v not_o know_v enough_o yet_o it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o think_v that_o it_o be_v extend_v far_o from_o east_n to_o west_n than_o from_o north_n to_o south_n see_v in_o this_o tract_n they_o be_v not_o find_v extend_v above_o four_o mile_n this_o be_v remarkable_a that_o when_o the_o hole_n be_v bore_v and_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o break_v out_o the_o next_o fountain_n cease_v from_o run_v for_o some_o time_n yet_o after_o a_o little_a time_n they_o run_v again_o i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o a_o person_n of_o credit_n that_o when_o a_o well_o be_v bore_v in_o the_o cloister_n of_o the_o nun_n of_o st._n francis_n des_fw-fr sales_n he_o see_v in_o another_o well_o near_o it_o the_o water_n sink_v in_o a_o moment_n which_o afterward_o ascend_v till_o both_o the_o well_n be_v in_o a_o equilibrium_n the_o water_n settle_v in_o the_o same_o horizontal_n surface_n i_o have_v often_o observe_v this_o decrease_v but_o not_o with_o so_o great_a swiftness_n in_o which_o the_o water_n do_v not_o sink_v so_o deep_a on_o a_o sudden_a but_o rather_o
posture_n from_o the_o bottom_n by_o strike_v the_o water_n with_o his_o hand_n towards_o the_o bottom_n he_o make_v that_o syphon_n more_o press_v and_o therefore_o the_o swimmer_n be_v place_v in_o the_o other_o must_v of_o necessity_n ascend_v just_o as_o when_o the_o scale_n be_v put_v in_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la if_o i_o hit_v the_o scale_n in_o the_o hollow_a part_n that_o will_v be_v depress_v and_o the_o other_o lift_v up_o the_o same_o reason_n hold_v when_o he_o ascend_v or_o descend_v by_o line_n incline_v to_o the_o horizon_n therefore_o whether_o he_o ascend_v or_o descend_v or_o whatever_o way_n he_o move_v he_o ought_v to_o be_v under_o no_o dolorous_a pressure_n how_o deep_a soever_o the_o water_n be_v for_o see_v according_a to_o the_o most_o ingenious_a borellus_n body_n do_v not_o appear_v heavy_a but_o when_o they_o be_v in_o rest_n aâ—_n appear_v in_o a_o example_n give_v by_o he_o of_o two_o sack_n of_o wool_n one_o of_o which_o be_v put_v on_o the_o other_o do_v not_o exerce_fw-la its_o weight_n or_o press_v it_o but_o when_o it_o be_v rest_v and_o not_o when_o it_o descend_v therefore_o the_o swimmer_n descend_v in_o the_o water_n perpendicular_o ought_v not_o to_o suffer_v any_o pressure_n in_o the_o water_n descend_v with_o the_o same_o swiftness_n but_o when_o he_o be_v carry_v up_o by_o the_o same_o way_n see_v by_o his_o body_n he_o thrust_v upward_o the_o water_n lie_v upon_o he_o which_o he_o do_v not_o by_o his_o own_o strength_n but_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o collateral_a syphon_n and_o therefore_o need_v no_o help_n of_o his_o muscle_n to_o overcome_v the_o resistance_n of_o the_o superincumbent_a water_n neither_o ought_v he_o to_o have_v the_o sense_n of_o a_o dolorous_a pressure_n to_o which_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la fluid_fw-la come_v in_o behind_o do_v not_o a_o little_a contribute_v by_o not_o suffer_v any_o part_n of_o the_o body_n to_o be_v move_v out_o of_o its_o place_n upon_o the_o same_o account_n he_o ought_v not_o to_o feel_v any_o dolorous_a pressure_n if_o he_o ascend_v or_o descend_v by_o incline_v line_n or_o stick_v without_o motion_n to_o the_o bottom_n for_o the_o other_o collateral_a syphon_n being_n more_o press_v do_v always_o exerce_fw-la its_o force_n and_o the_o subjacent_a water_n lift_v up_o the_o diver_n that_o be_v specifical_o light_a than_o its_o self_n upward_o the_o author_n here_o suppose_v the_o body_n to_o be_v specifical_o light_a than_o water_n which_o i_o judge_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o air_n enclose_v in_o the_o chest_n for_o when_o that_o be_v out_o the_o body_n sink_v by_o its_o own_o weight_n and_o this_o give_v perhaps_o the_o first_o rise_v to_o anatomist_n to_o discover_v whether_o a_o child_n be_v still-born_a or_o not_o for_o if_o its_o lung_n do_v swim_v in_o the_o water_n it_o be_v not_o still_o bear_v but_o have_v breathe_v the_o air_n but_o if_o they_o sink_v than_o they_o conclude_v the_o child_n to_o have_v be_v still-born_a as_o for_o the_o divers_a rise_n or_o fall_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o his_o hand_n it_o be_v the_o same_o case_n as_o in_o a_o oar_n when_o the_o blade_n of_o it_o move_v with_o great_a force_n than_o the_o water_n it_o make_v resistance_n to_o the_o oar_n which_o therefore_o not_o advance_v the_o boat_n of_o necessity_n must_v so_o when_o a_o man_n press_v the_o water_n quick_o downward_o it_o make_v resistance_n to_o his_o hand_n and_o therefore_o the_o water_n not_o give_v way_n fast_o enough_o the_o body_n must_v be_v thrust_v upward_o just_a as_o in_o the_o air_n if_o a_o man_n between_o two_o chair_n do_v forcible_o thrust_v they_o down_o with_o his_o two_o hand_n he_o must_v be_v lift_v up_o because_o they_o do_v not_o give_v way_n the_o author_n say_v the_o pressure_n be_v not_o feel_v when_o the_o diver_n be_v ascend_v or_o descend_v because_o the_o water_n be_v in_o motion_n do_v not_o press_v upon_o the_o body_n but_o it_o may_v be_v make_v manifest_a that_o it_o do_v and_o experience_n make_v it_o beyond_o contradiction_n that_o they_o feel_v no_o pressure_n when_o the_o water_n be_v at_o rest_n and_o the_o divers_a do_v own_o that_o they_o feel_v a_o pressure_n rather_o in_o the_o go_n down_o in_o the_o diving-bell_n than_o afterward_o as_o the_o honourable_a mr._n boyle_n tell_v i_o be_v have_v communicate_v to_o he_o by_o the_o laird_n of_o melgum_n who_o practise_v this_o way_n of_o dive_v in_o these_o word_n the_o compression_n of_o the_o air_n be_v such_o as_o go_v down_o do_v hurt_v i_o but_o below_o and_o stay_v there_o be_v as_o familiar_a to_o i_o as_o that_o above_o chap._n iii_o that_o these_o fountain_n can_v be_v derive_v from_o a_o subterraneous_a river_n see_v then_o that_o it_o be_v clear_a enough_o from_o what_o be_v say_v before_o that_o the_o flow_v of_o these_o water_n towards_o the_o sea_n may_v consist_v with_o their_o rise_n here_o and_o in_o any_o place_n it_o seem_v to_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a subterraneous_a river_n under_o it_o from_o which_o these_o fountain_n do_v spring_v and_o true_o this_o be_v the_o common_a opinion_n among_o we_o which_o yet_o i_o can_v assent_v to_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o there_o be_v some_o river_n that_o hide_v their_o head_n under_o ground_n and_o after_o some_o time_n do_v rise_v again_o some_o again_o there_o be_v that_o never_o rise_v above_o ground_n as_o it_o happen_v in_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o body_n some_o do_v appear_v in_o the_o surface_n and_o some_o do_v never_o of_o this_o seneca_n speak_v very_o well_o nature_n govern_v the_o earth_n as_o it_o do_v our_o body_n in_o which_o be_v vein_n and_o artery_n and_o nature_n have_v so_o form_v it_o like_o our_o body_n that_o our_o ancestor_n have_v call_v they_o vein_n pliny_n say_v that_o the_o nile_n be_v often_o swallow_v up_o in_o gulf_n and_o after_o a_o long_a time_n be_v spew_v up_o again_o they_o report_v the_o same_o of_o niger_n a_o river_n of_o aethiopia_n which_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o same_o lake_n that_o the_o nile_n do_v and_o run_v towards_o the_o west_n when_o it_o meet_v with_o a_o chain_n of_o mountain_n it_o find_v hide_a way_n and_o appear_v again_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o mountain_n discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n in_o like_a manner_n tigris_n in_o mesopotamia_n be_v stop_v by_o the_o mountain_n cancasus_fw-la hide_v itself_o under_o ground_n and_o be_v lose_v in_o a_o great_a cave_n but_o afterward_o break_v out_o near_o to_o babylon_n be_v mix_v with_o euphrates_n to_o say_v nothing_o of_o alphaeus_n a_o river_n in_o achaia_n who_o the_o poet_n feign_v to_o pass_v a_o great_a way_n not_o only_o under_o ground_n but_o also_o under_o the_o sea_n itself_o and_o to_o rise_v again_o in_o the_o fountain_n call_v arethusa_n this_o be_v know_v by_o the_o offal_n of_o the_o sacrifice_n which_o be_v throw_v down_o the_o river_n be_v every_o five_o summer_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o olympiack_n game_n cast_v up_o by_o this_o fountain_n and_o also_o the_o sea_n themselves_o be_v think_v to_o communicate_v by_o occult_a passage_n as_o the_o mediterranean_a with_o the_o red_a sea_n and_o the_o caspian_a with_o the_o euxine_a as_o the_o most_o learned_a kircher_n make_v out_o by_o good_a conjecture_n father_n auril_n a_o jesuit_n in_o his_o travel_n into_o tartary_n say_v that_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o it_o discharge_v its_o self_n into_o the_o persian_a gulf_n of_o which_o this_o be_v his_o main_a proof_n that_o they_o who_o inhabit_v about_o the_o persian_a gulf_n do_v every_o year_n at_o the_o end_n of_o autumn_n observe_v a_o vast_a quantity_n of_o willow-leaves_a now_o in_o regard_n this_o sort_n of_o tree_n be_v altogether_o unknown_a in_o the_o southerin_n part_n of_o persia_n which_o border_n upon_o that_o sea_n and_o for_o that_o quite_o the_o contrary_a the_o northern_a part_n which_o be_v bound_v by_o the_o sea_n of_o kilan_n or_o the_o caspian-sea_n have_v all_o the_o seacoast_n of_o it_o shade_v with_o these_o tree_n we_o may_v assure_v ourselves_o with_o probability_n enough_o that_o these_o leave_n be_v not_o carry_v from_o one_o end_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o the_o other_o but_o only_o by_o the_o water_n that_o roll_z they_o along_o through_o the_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o far_o father_n auril_n who_o further_a for_o establish_v a_o circulation_n of_o water_n from_o pole_n to_o pole_n describe_v a_o great_a whirlpool_n under_o the_o north_n pole_n of_o which_o also_o olaus_n magnus_n and_o helmont_n have_v write_v by_o which_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n be_v absonbed_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v return_v by_o the_o south_n pole_n some_o say_v that_o this_o change_v its_o course_n
and_o wide_a place_n form_v by_o the_o mountain_n hang_v over_o they_o then_o although_o we_o must_v confess_v that_o in_o some_o place_n river_n of_o great_a bigness_n flow_v under_o the_o earth_n we_o must_v not_o therefore_o believe_v that_o in_o this_o great_a plain_n on_o this_o side_n the_o po_n there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o subterraneous_a cavity_n and_o that_o field_n of_o so_o great_a a_o largeness_n can_v stand_v without_o ruin_n for_o so_o long_a time_n i_o must_v add_v moreover_o that_o the_o depth_n of_o this_o river_n in_o respect_n to_o its_o breadth_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v small_a because_o nature_n build_v all_o her_o cave_n and_o subterraneous_a passage_n archwise_o which_o all_o must_v have_v a_o depth_n proportionable_a to_o the_o breadth_n otherwise_o they_o lose_v their_o force_n and_o common_o they_o be_v of_o a_o circular_a figure_n or_o come_v near_o to_o it_o i._n e._n as_o deep_a as_o they_o be_v broad_a which_o in_o this_o case_n must_v be_v at_o least_o 4_o mile_n ☜_o but_o this_o cavity_n be_v of_o no_o depth_n almost_o yea_o but_o a_o few_o foot_n viz._n as_o much_o as_o the_o auger_n have_v make_v in_o bore_v for_o pass_v a_o iron_n rod_n throw_v the_o hole_n the_o bottom_n be_v present_o find_v as_o i_o have_v often_o try_v with_o other_o that_o have_v be_v with_o i_o moreover_o see_v the_o digger_n in_o the_o very_a terebration_n often_o fall_v on_o stock_n of_o tree_n as_o myself_o have_v often_o observe_v we_o must_v confess_v therefore_o that_o these_o tree_n have_v be_v before_o in_o open_a air_n and_o see_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o these_o well_n be_v often_o find_v bone_n coal_n and_o piece_n of_o iron_n we_o be_v likewise_o force_v to_o believe_v that_o people_n have_v former_o live_v on_o that_o ground_n or_o we_o must_v think_v that_o this_o great_a river_n at_o that_o time_n have_v a_o cover_n of_o 6_o or_o 8_o foot_n and_o that_o this_o our_o plain_n do_v afterward_o grow_v high_a by_o the_o daily_a descent_n of_o water_n from_o the_o apennine_a and_o the_o pare_n off_o of_o the_o upper_a ground_n but_o the_o above_o mention_v difficulty_n do_v still_o occur_v but_o let_v we_o suppose_v this_o great_a river_n run_v this_o way_n and_o that_o hitherto_o he_o have_v suffer_v a_o bridge_n from_o whence_o i_o pray_v come_v so_o great_a a_o plenty_n of_o water_n to_o fill_v this_o great_a cavity_n which_o we_o must_v always_o suppose_v to_o be_v full_a to_o make_v the_o water_n rise_v up_o in_o the_o well_n see_v to_o sustain_v the_o royal_a dignity_n of_o the_o po_n scarce_o so_o many_o river_n run_v into_o it_o from_o the_o apennine_a and_o the_o alps_o be_v sufficient_a and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n we_o may_v affirm_v that_o the_o po_n come_v far_o short_a of_o this_o subterraneous_a river_n last_o if_o this_o river_n must_v be_v 4_o mile_n broad_a i_o do_v not_o see_v why_o in_o all_o the_o extent_n of_o this_o source_n the_o depth_n of_o the_o well_n be_v always_o find_v the_o same_o for_o the_o well_n which_o be_v dig_v near_o the_o side_n of_o this_o great_a arch_n will_v be_v deep_o than_o those_o elsewhere_o but_o there_o be_v almost_o no_o difference_n in_o the_o depth_n of_o these_o well_n we_o can_v therefore_o give_v way_n to_o the_o vulgar_a opinion_n of_o this_o subterraneous_a river_n notwithstanding_o the_o conjecture_n mention_v which_o we_o shall_v short_o answer_v and_o far_o less_o must_v we_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v many_o subterraneous_a stream_n flow_v from_o the_o same_o cistern_n and_o distinguish_v by_o interval_n which_o give_v water_n continual_o to_o these_o fountain_n for_o how_o can_v it_o be_v see_v there_o be_v so_o many_o thousand_o of_o fountain_n and_o continual_o such_o well_n be_v make_v both_o in_o the_o city_n and_o suburb_n that_o the_o undertaker_n never_o fall_v upon_o such_o interstice_n in_o the_o bore_v as_o i_o have_v often_o tell_v and_o which_o one_o can_v never_o admire_v enough_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o any_o caution_n here_o no_o need_n of_o diligence_n in_o choose_v a_o place_n see_v any_o place_n mark_v out_o either_o in_o the_o city_n or_o without_o for_o many_o mile_n be_v fit_a for_o the_o building_n of_o these_o well_n and_o all_o the_o difficulty_n in_o dig_v these_o well_n be_v in_o keep_v out_o the_o side-water_n which_o sometime_o flow_v in_o in_o great_a quantity_n so_o that_o they_o need_v a_o wall_n of_o brick_n to_o keep_v it_o out_o but_o when_o the_o workman_n have_v come_v to_o this_o last_o bottom_n then_o as_o have_v get_v their_o wish_n they_o begin_v their_o perforation_n with_o as_o great_a assurance_n of_o get_v water_n by_o their_o auger_n as_o if_o they_o have_v moses_n his_o rod._n neither_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o some_o to_o be_v entertain_v who_o think_v that_o the_o subterraneous_a space_n from_o which_o these_o water_n flow_v be_v former_o the_o channel_n of_o scultenna_n and_o gabellus_n between_o which_o two_o river_n modena_n be_v now_o place_v which_o river_n as_o they_o imagine_v after_o they_o have_v descend_v from_o the_o apennine_a do_v join_v their_o water_n in_o this_o place_n and_o therefore_o through_o length_n of_o time_n the_o mountain_n decrease_v and_o the_o field_n rise_v the_o water_n rise_v to_o this_o height_n in_o these_o well_n when_o they_o be_v dig_v or_o in_o a_o hole_n make_v with_o sand_n wet_a with_o water_n which_o be_v supply_v from_o these_o river_n by_o hide_a passage_n and_o the_o sand_n itself_o that_o they_o may_v give_v credit_n to_o so_o plausible_a a_o thought_n they_o give_v a_o example_n for_o they_o say_v that_o near_o a_o stream_n a_o hole_n be_v make_v in_o the_o sand_n though_o dry_a on_o the_o surface_n the_o water_n appear_v which_o also_o by_o the_o observation_n of_o pliny_n the_o young_a be_v know_v to_o be_v do_v in_o the_o seashore_n for_o after_o this_o author_n with_o his_o accustom_a elegancy_n in_o a_o letter_n to_o plin._n gallus_n describe_v the_o pleasantness_n of_o his_o countrey-village_n by_o the_o seaside_n in_o the_o end_n of_o his_o epistle_n he_o make_v this_o relation_n as_o worthy_a to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o it_o have_v well_n or_o rather_o fountain_n for_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o that_o shore_n be_v wonderful_a in_o whatever_o place_n you_o move_v the_o ground_n you_o meet_v with_o water_n and_o that_o so_o fresh_a as_o not_o to_o have_v the_o least_o saltness_n from_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o these_o word_n the_o most_o learned_a man_n seem_v to_o give_v some_o specimen_fw-la of_o our_o fountain_n see_v there_o also_o in_o whatever_o place_n the_o ground_n be_v dig_v there_o be_v moisture_n yet_o it_o be_v gather_v by_o the_o same_o pliny_n word_n that_o the_o water_n of_o these_o well_n do_v not_o spring_v up_o i_o believe_v the_o same_o will_v happen_v in_o any_o sea-coast_n except_o some_o bed_n of_o clay_n intervene_v for_o the_o water_n do_v easy_o follow_v the_o sand_n therefore_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o in_o 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come_v when_o the_o timorous_a join_v themselves_o together_o there_o arise_v counsellor_n and_o when_o they_o be_v call_v into_o judgement_n there_o arise_v judge_n this_o now_o noble_a sir_n be_v the_o great_a history_n which_o the_o wise_a abyssinian_n tell_v the_o count_n worthy_a to_o be_v have_v in_o great_a veneration_n and_o high_o to_o be_v esteem_v helmont_n seem_v to_o have_v entertain_v a_o opinion_n about_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n before_o the_o deluge_n not_o unlike_a to_o this_o his_o word_n be_v these_o from_o whence_o i_o conceive_v the_o earth_n to_o have_v be_v in_o one_o piece_n and_o undivided_a for_o asmuch_o as_o it_o be_v be-watered_a with_o one_o fountain_n and_o last_o to_o have_v have_v no_o isle_n but_o the_o whole_a globe_n be_v sea_n on_o one_o side_n and_o earth_n on_o the_o other_o this_o be_v the_o face_n of_o the_o world_n before_o the_o deluge_n after_o which_o the_o earth_n do_v open_a into_o several_a shape_n and_o out_o of_o the_o abyss_n 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a_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n yea_o the_o same_o herodot_n have_v leave_v it_o in_o write_v that_o if_o the_o nile_n turn_v its_o course_n into_o the_o arabic_a gulf_n it_o will_v at_o length_n cover_v it_o all_o with_o slime_n 4._o polybius_n say_v that_o the_o lake_n maeotis_n and_o the_o euxine_a sea_n be_v constant_o fill_v with_o plenty_n of_o sand_n which_o great_a river_n do_v continual_o bring_v into_o it_o and_o that_o the_o time_n will_v be_v when_o they_o shall_v be_v make_v even_o with_o the_o continent_n take_v a_o argument_n from_o the_o taste_n of_o the_o water_n viz._n that_o as_o maeotis_n be_v sweet_a than_o the_o pontic_a so_o the_o pontic_a be_v sweet_a than_o the_o euxine_a modern_a writer_n think_v no_o less_o of_o the_o great_a and_o plain_a country_n among_o who_o be_v the_o most_o learned_a kircher_n who_o in_o his_o mundus_fw-la subterraneus_fw-la say_v from_o the_o arabic_a antiquity_n and_o other_o observation_n that_o the_o great_a plain_n which_o lie_v 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slimy_a water_n which_o this_o royal_a river_n do_v by_o many_o mouth_n discharge_v into_o the_o adriatic_a for_o some_o age_n by_o which_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o a_o colony_n of_o fish_n be_v by_o a_o true_a metamorphosis_n change_v into_o a_o habitation_n of_o man_n for_o which_o ovid_n say_v vidi_n factas_fw-la ex_fw-la aequore_fw-la terras_fw-la et_fw-la procul_fw-la à _fw-la pelago_fw-la conchae_fw-la jacuere_fw-la marinae_fw-la i_o have_v see_v the_o sea_n oft_o turn_v to_o a_o plain_a and_o land_n be_v till_v where_o be_v before_o the_o main_a though_o i_o dare_v not_o absolute_o say_v that_o all_o the_o country_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o apennine_a and_o the_o alps_o be_v a_o sea_n former_o yet_o by_o what_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o dig_v of_o the_o well_n oyster-shell_n and_o other_o sea_n product_n be_v find_v in_o their_o great_a depth_n it_o may_v be_v not_o without_o ground_n conjecture_v that_o the_o adriatic_a do_v at_o least_o come_v thus_o far_o or_o that_o the_o bay_n communicate_v with_o the_o sea_n do_v stagnate_n here_o yet_o it_o be_v without_o doubt_n from_o the_o write_n of_o the_o ancient_n that_o between_o the_o â—_o aemilian_a way_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o which_o be_v seat_v modena_n and_o the_o po_n there_o be_v a_o lake_n reach_v from_o the_o adriatic_a even_n to_o placentia_n which_o from_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o the_o po_n they_o call_v padusa_n into_o which_o many_o river_n descend_v from_o the_o apennine_a discharge_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n virgil_n make_v mention_n of_o this_o lake_n in_o these_o verse_n piscosove_v amne_fw-la padusae_fw-la dant_fw-la sonitum_fw-la rauci_fw-la per_fw-la stagna_fw-la loquacia_fw-la cygni_fw-la or_o murmur_a swan_n that_o sound_v their_o fan_a wing_n padusa_n fishy_a bank_n upon_o or_o echo_a spring_n but_o john_n baptista_n aleottus_fw-la in_o his_o most_o learned_a book_n against_o caesar_n mengolus_fw-la of_o ravenna_n show_v by_o strong_a reason_n and_o authority_n that_o no_o river_n from_o splacentia_n to_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n do_v come_v into_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o po_n but_o that_o they_o all_o discharge_v themselves_o into_o this_o padusa_n for_o which_o he_o bring_v the_o authority_n of_o strabo_n who_o write_v that_o this_o lake_n be_v a_o great_a hindrance_n to_o hannibal_n when_o he_o will_v have_v pass_v his_o army_n into_o etruria_n which_o lake_n be_v not_o long_o after_o by_o the_o diligence_n of_o m._n scaurus_n the_o surveyor_n dry_v up_o be_v turn_v into_o most_o fruitful_a field_n many_o river_n be_v bring_v within_o their_o own_o bank_n to_o enter_v into_o the_o po_n as_o tarus_n parma_n entia_fw-la gabellus_n scultenna_n the_o rhine_n and_o other_o river_n of_o no_o small_a note_n upon_o this_o account_n we_o may_v reasonable_o think_v that_o the_o po_n be_v not_o so_o famous_a of_o old_a
nor_o have_v the_o name_n of_o royal_a till_o by_o the_o accession_n of_o so_o many_o river_n he_o have_v enlarge_v his_o power_n and_o therefore_o herodot_n a_o most_o ancient_a writer_n deny_v that_o there_o be_v any_o river_n find_v call_v eridanus_n which_o be_v no_o small_a matter_n of_o admiration_n to_o pliny_n that_o when_o herodot_n write_v his_o history_n at_o thurium_n in_o italy_n he_o know_v no_o river_n by_o the_o name_n of_o eridanus_n but_o see_v herodot_n as_o pliny_n relate_v make_v his_o history_n 310_o year_n after_o the_o sound_n of_o rome_n we_o may_v thence_o conjecture_v that_o the_o po_n do_v at_o that_o time_n run_v with_o less_o glory_n and_o in_o a_o straight_a channel_n or_o that_o the_o historian_n speak_v of_o another_o river_n there_o be_v distinct_a enough_o mention_v make_v of_o this_o lake_n in_o the_o forecited_a johan._n de_fw-fr argenta_n and_o especial_o in_o leander_n albertus_n in_o his_o description_n of_o italy_n who_o measure_v the_o length_n of_o this_o lake_n from_o lamon_n by_o ravenna_n even_o to_o scultenna_n and_o tell_v all_o the_o river_n which_o within_o this_o space_n descend_v from_o the_o mountain_n into_o this_o lake_n and_o there_o end_v their_o course_n and_o that_o hercules_n the_o first_o duke_n of_o ferrara_n suffer_v the_o bononian_n to_o bring_v the_o rhine_n within_o his_o bank_n that_o so_o he_o may_v enter_v into_o the_o po_n by_o which_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o many_o valley_n of_o ferrara_n and_o also_o bononia_n be_v turn_v into_o most_o fruitful_a land_n but_o when_o afterward_o the_o rhine_n have_v break_v over_o his_o bank_n in_o the_o time_n of_o hercules_n the_o second_o when_o the_o field_n be_v again_o turn_v into_o water_n and_o many_o contention_n arise_v among_o the_o bononian_n and_o ferrarian_o at_o length_n the_o same_o prince_n grant_v that_o the_o rhine_n may_v be_v again_o bring_v into_o the_o po_n therefore_o we_o must_v observe_v that_o the_o situation_n of_o this_o 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be_v explain_v by_o possibility_n see_v i_o be_o come_v so_o far_o that_o i_o must_v at_o length_n tell_v what_o i_o think_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o admirable_a spring_n i_o believe_v i_o have_v do_v the_o part_n of_o a_o good_a guesser_n if_o by_o sound_v this_o ford_n i_o can_v tell_v thing_n probable_a and_o agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n instead_o of_o thing_n certain_a we_o may_v therefore_o conjecture_v that_o the_o sea_n in_o this_o our_o country_n have_v secret_a commerce_n with_o the_o apennine_n to_o which_o it_o be_v adjacent_a in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n and_o that_o it_o still_o have_v and_o that_o it_o lay_v a_o foundation_n by_o several_a subterraneous_a passage_n in_o its_o bowel_n for_o several_a storehouse_n of_o water_n of_o which_o this_o may_v be_v believe_v to_o be_v one_o from_o whence_o these_o fountain_n derive_v their_o original_a and_o that_o the_o water_n be_v expanded_a over_o all_o this_o vein_n of_o sand_n in_o which_o such_o 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earth_n to_o the_o centre_n and_o abundance_n of_o water_n lodge_v in_o it_o so_o that_o the_o water_n which_o be_v keep_v in_o it_o be_v a_o thousand_o time_n big_a than_o what_o be_v in_o the_o whole_a ocean_n all_o sea_n river_n and_o fountain_n even_o in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n owe_v their_o original_a to_o this_o invisible_a ocean_n so_o that_o the_o water_n do_v every_o where_o follow_v the_o vital_a sand._n telesus_fw-la seem_v to_o have_v be_v of_o the_o same_o judgement_n who_o say_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o fountain_n of_o that_o interior_a ocean_n which_o agree_v with_o that_o opinion_n of_o plato_n concern_v the_o gulf_n from_o who_o bosom_n all_o water_n go_v out_o and_o into_o which_o they_o all_o fall_v back_o again_o whatever_o be_v of_o truth_n in_o this_o opinion_n of_o a_o invisible_a ocean_n lurk_v in_o the_o sand_n which_o helmont_n conceive_v ingenious_o and_o upon_o probable_a enough_o argument_n yet_o i_o think_v none_o will_v deny_v 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side_n that_o look_v to_o the_o plain_a of_o nola_n the_o fire_n not_o only_o keep_v time_n with_o the_o water_n but_o also_o produce_v they_o for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v think_v that_o by_o force_n of_o the_o violent_a heat_n diffuse_v over_o the_o mountain_n so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v exhale_v from_o some_o cistern_n that_o hold_v the_o sea-water_n that_o it_o be_v sufficient_a for_o make_v a_o torrent_n perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v as_o convenientby_o deduce_v from_o the_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o air_n enclose_v within_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o mountain_n press_v down_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o so_o force_v it_o out_o another_o way_n neither_o do_v the_o bed_n of_o stone_n and_o chalk_n which_o bartholine_n object_n withstand_v the_o lift_n of_o the_o vapour_n upward_o for_o suppose_v the_o mountain_n be_v as_o all_o confess_v they_o to_o be_v cavernous_a within_o such_o bed_n as_o these_o may_v afford_v this_o use_n to_o stop_v the_o vapour_n lift_v 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that_o it_o be_v hear_v sometime_o 12_o mile_n off_o which_o true_o be_v not_o new_a see_v pliny_n mention_n this_o who_o write_v that_o in_o the_o land_n of_o modena_n the_o fire_n come_v out_o on_o set_v day_n and_o tell_v it_o as_o a_o prodigy_n that_o two_o mountain_n meet_v together_o smoke_n and_o fire_n come_v out_o and_o that_o in_o the_o day_n time_n a_o great_a multitude_n of_o roman_a horseman_n and_o traveller_n be_v look_v on_o but_o that_o be_v especial_o see_v in_o mount_n gibbius_fw-la where_o there_o be_v many_o fountain_n from_o which_o petroleum_n flow_v a_o account_n of_o some_o very_a remarkable_a one_o i_o have_v from_o my_o brother_n who_o see_v they_o and_o be_v confirm_v to_o i_o by_o signior_n spoletti_n physician_n to_o the_o late_a ambassador_n from_o venice_n and_o professor_n of_o physic_n at_o padova_n when_o he_o be_v at_o my_o chamber_n they_o be_v see_v on_o a_o side_n of_o one_o of_o the_o apennine_a mountain_n half_a way_n betwixt_o bologna_n and_o 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silvas_fw-la dexterior_fw-la a_fw-la petens_fw-la montis_fw-la declivia_fw-la tybrim_fw-la vnda_fw-la facit_fw-la hence_o from_o vast_a fountain_n do_v great_a river_n flow_v and_o into_o double_a sea_n divorce_n do_v slide_v in_o several_a channel_n down_o on_o the_o left_a side_n metaurus_n swift_a and_o strong_a crustumium_n flow_v isapis_n join_v to_o isaurus_n sonna_n too_o and_o aufidus_n the_o adriatic_a beat_v eridanus_n than_o which_o no_o river_n get_v more_o ground_n whole_a forest_n roll_z into_o the_o sea_n overturn_v but_o see_v it_o be_v know_v enough_o by_o what_o we_o have_v relate_v in_o the_o history_n of_o these_o fountain_n that_o this_o spring_n be_v not_o so_o old_a as_o the_o world_n see_v the_o last_o plain_n in_o which_o the_o auger_n be_v fasten_v be_v former_o in_o the_o open_a air_n as_o the_o tree_n in_o it_o make_v evident_a if_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o
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pregnant_a for_o when_o such_o substance_n be_v sprinkle_v with_o water_n they_o grow_v hot_a like_o quick_a lime_n and_o raise_v divers_a exhalation_n which_o the_o mineral_n water_n do_v testify_v that_o break_v out_o hot_a to_o which_o you_o may_v add_v there_o be_v many_o store_n house_n of_o fire_n which_o may_v not_o a_o little_a alter_v the_o subterraneous_a region_n which_o happen_v not_o in_o great_a plain_n as_o be_v the_o country_n on_o this_o and_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o po_n indeed_o the_o most_o learned_a mr._n boyle_n have_v gather_v many_o thing_n of_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o air_n under_o ground_n all_o which_o yet_o he_o say_v he_o have_v from_o such_o as_o make_v observation_n on_o many_o mine_n where_o he_o also_o relate_v that_o in_o the_o same_o place_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n of_o the_o year_n there_o be_v find_v a_o different_a temper_n of_o the_o subterraneous_a region_n because_o of_o the_o different_a nature_n of_o salt_n and_o he_o say_v 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