Selected quad for the lemma: ground_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
ground_n	distance_n	file_n	rank_n	1,730	5	11.1963	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A87190	Samuel Hartlib his legacie: or An enlargement of the Discourse of husbandry used in Brabant and Flaunders; wherein are bequeathed to the Common-wealth of England more outlandish and domestick experiments and secrets in reference to universall husbandry. Entered according to the late Act concerning printing.; Legacy of husbandry	Hartlib, Samuel, d. 1662.; Dymock, Cressy, attributed name.; Child, Robert, ca. 1612-1654, attributed name.; Weston, Richard, Sir, 1591-1652. Discours of husbandrie used in Brabant and Flanders.	1651 (1651)	Wing H989; Thomason E628_11; ESTC R202377	80,387	139

shoveth off the dew that it doth not so easily insinuate it selfe into the eare and likewise causeth the eare to shake by the least wind There is a kind of Wheate in Buckingham-Shire called Red-straw-Wheate which is much commended it 's a strong-stalked Wheate and doth not soon lodge and therefore excellent for Rank land where Corne is apt to lodge and consequently to Mildew but I question whether it hath any property against Mildew This I am very confident of that if this Wheate or any other were without the Chaffy huskes exposed bare to the Aire as Barly and Rie are Wheate would not be afflicted with Mildew Perhaps such Graine may be found by diligent enquiry I have casually picked out of a Wheate-field some stalkes which have had 2. eares on them and though Barly usually hath been 2. ranges yet I have seen some sorts with 4. 6. and there are many great varieties in graines not yet discovered Truly if any one knoweth better wayes then these how to cure this Malady of Mildew he is much to blame if he do not publish it for the good of his Countreymen I will not here set downe the divers manners of 5. Deficiency cocerning the planting of Apples Peares Cherties and Plums Graftings and Inoculations which neverthelesse is an art absolutely necessary in Planting for every book of Husbandry doth shew it and every Gardiner can teach it those who are desirous to learn it Neither will I set down all the sorts of Apples Peares Cherries Plums c. for it would be too tedious a discourse and Mr. Parkinson hath already very excellently done it in his Book called Paradisus Terrestris where at leasure you may read it I will onely point briefly at the Deficiencies which I find in this part of Husbandry and the best wayes to Remedy them 1. I say that it is a great Deficiency in England that we have not more Orchards planted It 's true that in Kent and about London and also in Gloucester-Shire Herford and Worcester there are many gallant Orchards but in other Countreys they are very rare and thinne but if there were as many more even in any Countrey they would be very profitable I know in Kent that some advance their ground even from 5. s. per Acre to 5. pound by this meanes and if I should relate what I have heard by divers concerning the profit of a Cherry-Orchard about Sittenburne in Kent you would hardly beleeve me yet I have heard it by so many that I beleeve it to be true Namely that an Orchard of 30. Acres of Cherryes produduced in one year above a 1000. pound but now the trees are almost all dead it was one of the first Orchards planted in Kent Mr. Cambden reporteth that the Earle of Leicester's Gardiner in Qu. Eliz. time first began to plant Flemish Cherryes in those parts which in his time did spread into 16. other Parishes and were at that time sold at rgeater rates then now yet I know that 10. or 15. pound an Acre hath been given for Cherryes more for Pears and Apples 2. There is a great Deficiency in the ordering of Orchards in that they are not well pruned but full of Mosse Misletoe and Suckers and oftentimes the ground is packed too thick of trees for they should stand at least 20. foot asunder neither will ill husbands bestow dunging digging or any other cost on Orchards which if they did might pay halfe their rents in some places One told me for a secret a Composition for to make Trees bear much and excellent fruit which was this First in an old tree to split his root then to apply a Compost made of Pigeons-dung lees of wine or stale Vrine and a little Brimstone to destroy the wormes it hath some probability of truth for experience I know that a bushel of Pigeons-dung hath caused a tree to grow and bear which for divers years before stood at a stand but concerning splitting the roots I know not what to say Some old Authors affirm this ought to be done because that the roots may as wel be hide-bound as other parts of the tree and not able to attract his nourishment and when the Roote is split it will speedily send forth divers small fibrous roots which are the principal Attractors It were good that some would give us an exact account of this Experiment But Some will object against Orchards that they spoile much ground and therefore ought to be planted onely in hedges To this I answer 1. That Plumtrees and Damsins may very well be planted in hedges being ordinarily thorny plants this is used very much in Surrey and Kent where the Plums usually pay no small part of their Rent yet I never saw in these Southerne parts of England any Apples or Peares thrive in an Hedge unlesse a Crab or a Wilden or some Sweeting of little worth How they thrive in Hereford-Shire and those places I know not 2. The Inconveniences of Orchards planted at 20. or 30. foot distance is not worth speaking of for this is the usuall course in Kent when they plant any ground they exactly place them in ranke and file and then plough their lands many years and sow them with Corn till the Orchard beginneth to beare fruite then they lay them down for pasture which Pasture is not considerably soure but hath this advantage above other Pastures 1. That it is sooner growne by 14. dayes in the spring than the Medowes and therefore very serviceable 2. In Parching Summers here is plenty when other places have Scarcity 3. They are great shelters for Cattel especially Sheepe who will in those places in great snowes scrape up meate which in other places they cannot do and if the pasture were soure yet the losse is not great for it will be a convenient place for the Hogs to run in who must have a place for that purpose where there are no Commons 4. I say that the Benefits are so many by Orchards that you ought not like an ungrateful man to thrust them up to the hedge for they afford curious walkes for pleasure food for Cattel both in the spring early and also in the parching Summer and nipping snowy Winter They affoard fuel for the fire and also shades from the heat physick for the sicke refreshment for the sound plenty of food for man and that not of the worst and drink also even of the best and all this without much labour care or cost who therefore can justly open his mouth against them 3. Deficiency is that we do not improve many excellent Fruits which grow amongst us very well and that we have as yet many fruits from beyond seas which will grow very well with us I passe by the generall and great ignorance that is amongst us of the variety of Apples of which there are many sorts which have some good and peculiar uses most men contenting themselves with the knowledge of half a score of the best thinking the

of Water and stir it about take off all the Corn that swimmeth on the Water and pour the rest upon a floor letting the Water run off Then make a strong brine of Bay-Salt and pour some of the brine on the Corne upon the floore and take to halfe a quarter of Corne halfe a peck of Salt and strow it on the Corne and stir and mix it continually as you pour thereon the brine and strow the Salt thereon untill the Corne be all wet and overstrowed with Salt Then take to a halfe Quarter of Corne halfe a bushell of Vnslak't Lime and strow that likewise over the Corne mingling it well together which done you may sowe the same the next day The brine must be cold when you pour it on the Corne and you must prepare no more Wheate then you intend next day to sowe Another Secret practised in Germany for the inriching of Meadowes A Meadow yields 6. times more Hay when it is turned up with a plough and sowen thick with ashes burn't out of the substance thereof but the rain must fall first Afterwards sowe your Meadow with the seed of Trefoile and plough and harrow them in The first grasse which groweth thereon let it be very ripe that the seed may fall off it selfe then let some go over it and with rakes stir it that it fall out Afterwards let it be mowen off and carried to a certaine place where it may be dryed so the Grasse will grow presently againe and may be mowen again in three weekes How to make Rushy ground to beare Grasse BReake the Rushy ground and rake the rootes and the rushes together and burne them or carry them away Then spread upon that ground Turffe-ashes or Pigeons-Dung Chalke or Lime according to your ground Try of every one of these upon a little plot of your ground you may use other Ashes Marle or Dung for experiments and that which you finde doth kill the Rushes and other Weeds best use it you are to make gutters or draines to carry away the water from the ground you may destroy Rushes or Ferne if you will but cut or mowe them downe in the beginning of June and so use to do it 2. or 3. yeares together at that time For planting or sowing Walnuts IN the season when they are full ripe on the trees a few dayes before they would fall as neare as can be guessed let them be gathered or beaten off and in the green huske or without it put them into good ordinary earth in a barrel or basket So let them continue untill the beginning of March following as soone as that moneth begins get as much warme Milke from the Cowes as will steepe them 24. hours after they are steeped set them in ground well digged and judged natural for such fruit with their little end or their prickled sharpe end upwards about 3. or 4. inches deepe in the earth and not one of 28. will faile as hath appeared by experience This may make dry Walnuts also prove trees the Nuts used as above said as farre as may be set them neare one foot a-sunder and in a right line to weed them The Walnut breeds good Timber good shadow good smell good fruit At 4. yeares growth transplant them Mr. Lanyon's Description of the usuall manner of planting transplanting according to that of Flaunders of those Trees called Abeales impanted for Publique Good THey are first planted from any even the least part of the Roote of the same Tree you must divide the root by slipping each part from the other and not by cutting it in sunder you may take those parts from those trees whilest they grow and without danger to them rob them of all the small sprigs of the roote and leave only the Master-Roots but the most usual way is to multiply them when they are transplanted which time is at their growth of 5. yeares their season is in March They are first planted in the way of a Nursery in loose earth moist and sandy or inclining to it their distance is 10. inches one from another the earth being first prepared as for a Garden you are to make holes with a stick the depth of the length of the part you have to set setting him so that you may onely see a part of it above ground the earth being closed about them they are to be kept weeded as any other plants The second yeare in February you are to prune off all from the Master or Middle shoote and so to the 3. and 4. yeare the 5. you may transplant them so as they like the ground of their Nursery Their usual distance one from another is 10. foot you may drive a stake with them when you transplant them to secure them stiffe against the winde for that they will grow very tall in those years and so be much exposed to the winds They may without much prejudice to Corne be planted in the furrowes where it growes so as the ground be moist and you keepe them well pruned and leave onely a bush at the top of the tree No stiffe Clay grounds will admit them to thrive they will grow in moist Clay ground but onely in height and will not burnish for want of roome to extend their roots This tree if he likes his ground will be at full growth in 20. years He is valued in Flaunders after 7. years growth worth every year 12. d. until his time be up He growes very straight without boughes onely a bush on the top and so exceedingly well becomes a Walke This Timber is uncomparable for all sorts of wooden vessels especially Traies Butchers-Traies cannot well be made without it it being so exceeding light and tough Some years ago there were ten thousand at once sent over into England and transplanted into many Counties Mr. Walker at Saint James can give the best account of them to all such as desire further to be directed in this particular FINIS