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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
ground_n	distance_n	file_n	rank_n	1,730	5	11.1963	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A87184	The compleat husband-man: or, A discourse of the whole art of husbandry; both forraign and domestick. Wherein many rare and most hidden secrets, and experiments are laid open to the view of all, for the enriching of these nations. Unto which is added A particular discourse of the naturall history and hubandry [sic] of Ireland. By Samuel Hartlib, Esq.	Hartlib, Samuel, d. 1662.; Dymock, Cressy.; Child, Robert, ca. 1612-1654, attributed name.; Weston, Richard, Sir, 1591-1652. Discours of husbandrie used in Brabant and Flanders.; Hartlib, Samuel, d. 1662.	1659 (1659)	Wing H980; Thomason E979_10; ESTC R207715	107,974	155

me yet I have heard it by so many that I believe it to be true Namely that an Orchard of 30 Acres of Cherries produced in one year above a 1000 pound but now the trees are almost all dead it was one of the first Orchards planted in Kent Mr. Cambden reporteth that the Earl of Leicester's Gardiner in Queen Elizabeths time first began to plant Flemish Cherries in those parts which in his time did spread into 16 other Parishes and vvere at that time sold at greater rates then novv yet I knovv that 10 or 15 pound an Acre hath been given for Cherries more for Pears and Apples 2 There is a great Deficiency in the ordering of Orchards in that they are not vvell pruned but full of Mosse Misletoe and Suckers and oftentimes the ground is packed too thick of trees for they should stand at least 20 foot asunder neither vvill ill husbands bestovv dunging digging or any other cost on Orchards vvhich if they did might pay half their rents in some places One told me for a secret a Composition for to make Trees bear much and excellent fruit vvhich vvas this First in an old tree to split his root then to apply a Compost made of Pigeons-dung lees of vvine or stale Urine and a little Brimstone to destroy the vvormes it hath some probability of truth for by experience I knovv that a bushell of Pigeons-dung hath caused a tree to grovv and bear vvhich for divers years before stood at a stand but concerning the splitting the roots I know not what to say Some old Authours affirm this ought to be done because that the roots may as well be hide-bound as other parts of the tree and not able to attract his nourishment and when the Root is split it will speedily send forth divers small fibrous roots which are the principall Attractors It were good that some vvould give us an account exact of this Experiment But some wil object against Orchards that they spoil much ground and therefore ought to be planted onely in hedges To this I answer 1 That Plumtrees and Damsins may very well be planted in hedges being ordinarily thorny plants this is used very much in Surrey and Kent where the Plums usually pay no small part of their Rent yet I never saw in these Southern parts of England any Apples or Pears thrive in an Hedge unlesse a Crab or a Wilden or some Sweeting of little worth How they thrive in Hereford-shire and those places I knovv not 2 The Inconveniencies of Orchards planted at 20 or 30 foot distance is not worth speaking of for this is the usuall course in Kent when they plant any ground they exactly place them in rank and file and then plough their lands many years and sowe them with Corn till the Orchard beginneth to bear fruit then they lay them down for pasture which pasture is not considerably soure but hath this advantage above other Pastures 1 That it is sooner grown by 14 dayes in the spring than the Medows and therefore very serviceable 2 In Parching Summers here is plenty when other places have scarcity 3 They are great shelters for Cattle especially sheep who will in those places in great snowes scrape up meat which in other places they cannot do and if the pasture were soure yet the losse is not great for it will be a convenient place for the Hogs to run in who must have a place for that purpose where there are no Commons 4 I say that the Benefits are so many by Orchards that you ought like an ungrateful man to thrust them up to the hedge for they afford curious walks for pleasure food for Cattle both in the Spring early and also in the parching Summer and nipping snowy Winter They afford fuel for the fire and also shades from the heat physick for the sick refreshment for the sound plenty of food for man and that not of the worst and drink also even of the best and all this without much labour care or cost who therefore can justly open his mouth against them 3 Deficiency is that we do not improve many excellent Fruits which grow amongst us very well and that we have as yet many fruits from beyond Seas which will grow very well with us I passe by the generall and great Ignorance that is amongst us of the variety of Apples of which there are many sorts which have some good and peculiar uses most men contenting themselves with the knowledg of half a score of the best thinking the vertues of all the rest are comprehended in them as also of the variety of Pears which are incredibly many A Friend of mine near Gravesend hath lately collected about 200 species I know another in Essex Mr. Ward who hath nigh the same number I hear of another in Worcester-shire not inferiour to these In Northamton-shire I know one who hath likewise collected very many So that I dare boldly say there are no lesse in this Island then 500 species some commended for their early ripenesse some for excellent tastes some for beauty others for greatnesse some for great bearers others for good Bakers some for long lasters others for to make Perry c. But to our purpose I say many rare fruits are neglected to Instance 1 In the Small-nut or Filbird which is not much inferiour to the best and sweetest Almonds 2 The great Damsin or Pruin-plum which groweth well and beareth full in England 3 Almonds which groweth well and beareth good fruit as I have seen divers bushels on one tree in my Brothers Orchard 4 Walnuts which is not a fruit to be despised 5 Vines and Mulberries but of these presently in another place I might likewise adde Currants Raspeses of which excellent drinks may be made 6 Quinces of the which I cannot but tel you that a Gentleman at Prichenel in Essex who had a tree from beyond Sea hath the best in England and hath made above 30 pound of a small piece of ground planted with them as I have heard from his own wifes mouth And therefore it is by reason of our ill Husbandry that we have Quinces from Flaunders Small-nuts from Spain Pruins from France and also Walnuts and Almonds from Italy and Chestnuts which I had almost forgot from Portugall And now I cannot but digresse a little to tell you a strange and true story with my opinion of it In divers places of Kent as at and about Gravesend in the Countrey and elsewhere very many of the prime Timbers of their old barnes and houses are of Chestnut-wood and yet there is scarce a Chestnut-tree within 20 miles of that place and the people altogether ignorant of such trees This sheweth that in former times those places did abound with such timber for people were not so foolish surely in former times to runne up and down the world to procure such huge massey timbers for barnes and such buildings when as there was plenty of Oakes and Elmes at their doors

root by slipping each part from the other and not by cutting it in sunder you may take those parts from those trees whilest they grow and without danger to them rob them of all the small sprigs of the root and leave only the Master-Roots but the most usuall way is to multiply them when they are transplanted which time is at their growth of 5 yeares their season is in March They are first planted in the way of a Nursery in loose earth moist and sandy or inclining to it their distance is 10 inches one from another the earth being first prepared as for a Garden you are to make holes with a stick the depth of the length of the part you have to set setting him so that you may onely see a part of it above ground the earth being closed about them they are to be kept weeded as any other plants The second yeare in February you are to prune off all from the Master or Middle-shoote and so to the 3 and 4 yeare the 5 you may transplant them so as they like the ground of their Nursery Their usuall distance one from another is 10 foot you may drive a stake with them when you transplant them to secure them stiffe against the winde for that they will grow very tall in those years and so be much exposed to the winds They may without much prejudice to Corne be planted in the furrowes where it growes so as the ground be moist and you keep them well pruned and leave onely a bush at the top of the tree No stiffe Clay grounds will admit them to thrive they wil grow in moist Clay ground but onely in height and will not burnish for want of roome to extend their roots This tree if he likes his ground will be at ful growth in 20 years He is valued in Flaunders after 7 years growth worth every year 12 d untill his time be up He growes very straight without boughes onely a bush on the top and so exceedingly well becomes a Walke This Timber is uncomparable for all sorts of vvooden vessels especially Traies Butchers-traies cannot vvel be made vvithout it it being so exceeding light and tough Some years ago there vvere ten thousand at once sent over into England and transplanted into many Counties M. Walker at S. James can give the best account of them to all such as desire further to be directed in this particular FINIS AN APPENDIX TO THE LEGACIE OF HUSBANDRY OR A Seed-plot of Annotations upon the LEGACIE aforesaid WITH AN INTERROGATORIE Relating more particularly to the Husbandry and Naturall History of IRELAND ❧ Printed for Richard Wodenothe MDCLII To his worthy and very much Honoured Friend the Author of the large Letter of Husbandry SIR YOu may perceive by these Additionals to your large Letter vvhich you vvrote to gratifie my desires that the Publique hath been benefited by your Communications vvhich vvas all that I intended by setting you upon that worke nor will you repent of the paines I hope which you have taken this way For you see that your Open-hartedness in this kind hath provoked another Friend of mine of very publique desert in the Common-wealth of Learning to impart unto me his Observations of the same nature And although his Annotations now and then are Animadversions rather then Enlargements yet it is not unprofitable to the Publique nor disadvantageous to us that our errours and mistakes for who can pretend to be without them be laid open and rectified I suppose you would be as loath as I that any by your meanes or mine should be led into a by-way and instead of gaining become a loser in making triall of what we offer for his advantage I could wish that my worthy Friend who hath imparted these his thoughts unto me in the following extemporary Letters had spared some expressions bin less censorious against the Persons of some of whom others have a high and honorable opinion as Helmont Glauber but he is to be born with all in this as we would be borne with all by him and others in the freedome which we might take of giving our opinions concerning his failings Also I am confident that that learned Gentleman is not interessed by any prejudice of passion or personall disaffection against any of them but that as a man of a free spirit he doth give his judgement through his zeal and love to every truth as it lies in his apprehension let every one have his freedome in things which are well meant for the Publike and the best way to rectifie one anothers mistakes will be to strive to set each other a Copy of better and more moderate expressions in the like Cases wherein there may be a mistake or failing If we were skilfull to provoke one another onely to the affections of love and of good workes and by our own usefull experiments discreetly dispensed towards the Publique could draw forth the profitable but buried skill of others unto common use to be imparted unto all what could not be done for ease of the poor and the relief of common calamities Truly although neither God by his directions how to make use of all his gifts nor Nature his handmaid by her supplies of things necessary and comfortable for our livelihood are wanting to us Yet we by the untowardnesse of our spirits and the shutting up of our bowels and the enviousnesse of our dispositions bring a scarcity upon our selves and upon others whil'st we are not faithfull and liberall stewards of our talents for the benefit of those for whose sake God hath bestowed them upon us therefore I shall desire you as you have begun to continue in well doing for you know the promise that in due time you shall reap the fruit of all your labours if you faint not And least you should imagine that you are at this distance forgotten by us give me leave to present you with another taske proper for your thoughts in the place where now you are that the advantages of Nature which God hath bestowed upon Ireland may not lie undiscovered and without improvement at this season vvherein the Replanting of the vvast and desolate places of that Countrey is seriously laid to heart by many I shall therefore desire you to look upon this Alphabet of Interrogatories and consider vvhat Ansvvers your Observations vvill afford unto them or vvhat you can learne from the Observations of others to clear them and as you have opportunity do as my Friend from Paris hath done furnish me vvith vvhat Gods providence shall send unto your hands that as I have begun I may put it out to use and requite you more plentifully as I hope I shall be able to do vvith the increase vvhich it shall yield by this vvay of Trading vvhich I have taken up freely to bestovv my paines and cost upon others that all may see the goodness of God in the vvorks of his hands and have cause to be thankfull unto him