be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n n._n long-reach_a this_o reach_n take_v its_o name_n from_o its_o nature_n be_v the_o long_a reach_n in_o the_o river_n and_o lie_v e._n s._n e._n and_o w._n n._n w._n and_o extend_v itself_o from_o crafford-ness_a to_o greenhith-town_n on_o the_o north_n side_n between_o pursleet_n and_o sleepers-hole_n lie_v a_o shoal_n but_o not_o dangerous_a shoal_n a_o shoal_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o this_o reach_v there_o be_v five_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a at_o low-water_n and_o all_o down_o the_o north_n reach_v there_o be_v seven_o fathom_v water_n this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n o._n st._n clements-reach_a this_o reach_n lie_v in_o two_o part_n first_o from_o greenhith_fw-mi to_o st._n clement_n and_o lie_v n._n n._n e._n and_o s._n s._n w._n and_o from_o st._n clement_n to_o gray_n it_n lie_v east_n and_o west_n this_o reach_n be_v the_o most_o dangerous_a in_o the_o whole_a river_n be_v very_a subject_n to_o foul_a weather_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o situation_n especial_o with_o some_o wind_n as_o a_o south-west_n and_o north-east_n wind_n which_o do_v make_v very_o bad_a weather_n so_o that_o here_o be_v more_o boat_n cast_v away_o than_o in_o all_o the_o reach_v in_o the_o whole_a river_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o bad_a weather_n that_o annoy_v this_o reach_n fidlers-reach_a fidlers-reach_a it_o be_v call_v fidlers-reach_a because_o any_o little_a wind_n will_v raise_v the_o wave_n and_o make_v the_o boat_n dance_v at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o this_o reach_n a_o little_a above_o grayes-town_n black-shelf_n black-shelf_n lie_v a_o shoal_n call_v black-shelf_n whereon_o ship_n sometime_o come_v aground_o take_v no_o harm_n but_o sit_v upright_o this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n p._n north-fleet-hope_a this_o reach_n lead_v from_o grayes-town_n down_o to_o north-fleet_n which_o be_v on_o the_o kentish-shore_n and_o lie_v northwest_o by_o north_n and_o southeast_n by_o south_n there_o be_v about_o eight_o fathom_n water_n all_o along_o this_o reach_n and_o be_v bold_a enough_o have_v no_o danger_n on_o any_o side_n this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n q._n gravesend-reach_a this_o reach_n lie_v east_n and_o west_n and_o extend_v itself_o from_o north-fleet_n below_o the_o town_n of_o gravesend_n to_o a_o place_n call_v the_o pile_n pile_n pile_n there_o be_v good_a ride_v on_o any_o part_n of_o this_o reach_n the_o water_n rise_v here_o three_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a above_o the_o town_n you_o will_v have_v eight_o and_o below_o six_o fathom_n this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n r._n lilbury-hope_a this_o reach_n lie_v north-east_n by_o north_n and_o south-west_n by_o south_n and_o extend_v itself_o from_o the_o pile_n aforesaid_a down_o to_o mucking-creek_n which_o be_v on_o the_o north_n shore_n and_o hope-ness_a alias_o sands-head-point_n on_o the_o south_n side_n here_o be_v in_o most_o part_n of_o this_o reach_n five_o six_o and_o seven_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n ship_n may_v convenient_o ride_v in_o any_o part_n of_o it_o this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n s_o a_o description_n of_o the_o sand_n shoal_n buoys_n beacon_n and_o sea-marks_a on_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n from_o thames-mouth_n to_o flambrough-head_n show_v their_o bearing_n and_o distance_n from_o the_o most_o eminent_a place_n on_o the_o land_n with_o the_o depth_n of_o water_n on_o they_o as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o channel_n between_o they_o blyth-sand_n this_o sand_n begin_v at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o hope_n from_o hope-ness_a alias_o sands-head-point_n on_o the_o south_n side_n and_o run_v down_o below_o hull-haven_n it_o lie_v e._n n._n e._n the_o low_a down_o the_o broad_a there_o be_v some_o distance_n between_o the_o eastermost_a end_n and_o the_o shore_n but_o the_o westermost_a end_n join_v to_o the_o land_n those_o that_o turn_v either_o go_v up_o or_o down_o must_v come_v no_o near_o it_o than_o five_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n and_o seven_o fathom_n at_o high-water_n on_o the_o north_n side_n you_o will_v have_v five_o and_o six_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n this_o sand_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n a._n hole-haven-scarr_n hole-haven-scarr_n be_v a_o dangerous_a shoal_n be_v very_o hard_a ground_n and_o join_v to_o the_o shore_n a_o little_a below_o hole-haven_n stretch_v off_o from_o the_o land_n about_o two_o cable_n length_n be_v very_o steep_a and_o have_v ten_o fathom_n close_o by_o it_o this_o and_o the_o low_a end_n of_o blyth-sand_n make_v the_o channel_n more_o narrow_a than_o either_o above_o or_o below_o and_o cause_v the_o tide_n to_o run_v very_o strong_a in_o spring-tyde_n it_o be_v dry_a at_o low-water_n this_o shoal_n be_v mark_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n b._n the_o chapman_n the_o chapman_n be_v a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v about_o two_o mile_n below_o the_o scar_n on_o the_o north_n side_n head_n chapman_n head_n the_o west_n end_n thereof_o join_v to_o the_o shore_n and_o be_v call_v the_o chapman-head_n it_o lie_v down_o near_o from_o the_o scar_n east_n be_v near_o half_a a_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o steep_a too_o have_v nine_o fathom_n close_o to_o it_o a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o east_n end_v thereof_o appear_v dry_a at_o low-water_n be_v hard_o strong_a and_o uneven_a ground_n have_v six_o fathom_n water_n close_o aboard_o of_o it_o the_o thwart_a mark_n for_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o chapman_n be_v to_o bring_v hadley_n church_n and_o hadley_n castle_n both_o in_o one_o this_o sand_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n c._n from_o hence_o run_v a_o shoal_n which_o reach_v below_o canvey-island_n high-sand_n high-sand_n and_o be_v call_v high-sand_n middleground_n this_o middleground_n be_v a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v against_o lee_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o at_o low_a tide_n there_o be_v no_o more_o than_o 11_o 12_o or_o 13_o foot_n water_n and_o on_o each_o side_n about_o 4_o or_o 4_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a the_o south_n side_n be_v the_o deep_a it_o be_v about_o two_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o lie_v down_o east_n as_o the_o river_n do_v ground_n mark_n of_o the_o middle_a ground_n the_o mark_n for_o this_o sand_n be_v to_o bring_v lee_n church_n on_o the_o east_n point_v of_o the_o marsh_n which_o be_v the_o east_n end_n of_o canvey-island_n then_o be_v you_o thwart_v of_o the_o shoal_a part_n of_o it_o where_o you_o have_v but_o ten_o foot_n at_o low-water_n to_o avoid_v it_o you_o may_v go_v on_o either_o side_n thereof_o this_o shelf_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n d._n the_o nower_n and_o buoy_z the_o nower_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v from_o part_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o grean_n and_o run_v down_o near_a east_n two_o little_a mile_n on_o the_o east_n point_v thereof_o lie_v a_o buoy_z in_o twelve_o foot_n at_o low-water_n this_o sand_n be_v broad_a in_o some_o place_n than_o in_o other_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o swatche_n that_o be_v in_o it_o bovy_n mark_n of_o the_o bovy_n and_o dry_v every_o low-water_n minster-church_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o sheppy_n bear_v south_n by_o east_n from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o nower_n and_o shyrness_n west_n half_a southerly_a about_o three_o mile_n from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o nower_n to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o oaze-edge_n the_o course_n be_v east_n one_o quarter_n southerly_a near_o five_o mile_n this_o sand_n and_o buoy_z be_v mark_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n e._n the_o cant._n the_o cant_n be_v a_o great_a flat_a that_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o sheppy_n and_o join_v to_o the_o shore_n and_o begin_v a_o little_a to_o the_o eastward_a of_o shyreness_n and_o so_o run_v to_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o island_n where_o the_o west_n end_n of_o the_o redsand_n and_o spaniard_n join_v to_o it_o this_o shoal_n lie_v off_o from_o sheppy_n in_o some_o place_n a_o mile_n in_o other_o two_o the_o more_o to_o the_o east_n the_o far_o off_o by_o mean_n of_o its_o join_n with_o the_o redsand_n there_o be_v no_o mark_n for_o this_o sand_n only_o the_o depth_n of_o water_n be_v four_o five_o or_o six_o fathom_n so_o near_o the_o ship_n may_v go_v the_o time_n of_o tide_n consider_v but_o from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o say_a cant_n begin_v deep_a water_n close_o to_o it_o down_o to_o the_o spile_v as_o 11_o 12_o spile_v spile_v or_o 13_o fathom_n and_o be_v call_v bradgate-hole_n shooberry-ness_n shooberry-ness_n be_v part_n of_o a_o great_a flat_a that_o begin_v below_o lee-town_n and_o run_v down_o the_o river_n northerly_a to_o the_o north-east_n of_o whitaker_n this_o ness_n lie_v right_o
in_o length_n almost_o two_o mile_n this_o sand_n be_v steep_a too_o have_v on_o the_o outside_n ten_o and_o eleven_o fathom_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o channel_n you_o will_v have_v twenty_o fathom_n between_o it_o and_o the_o new-warp_a the_o south_n end_n of_o this_o sand_n lie_v half_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o knowl_n and_o the_o north_n end_v almost_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o the_o knock._n new-warp_a southeast_n by_o east_n five_o league_n and_o a_o half_a from_o wintertonness_a lie_v a_o sand_n call_v new-warp_a be_v in_o length_n two_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a and_o lie_v in_o the_o sea_n east_n and_o west_n on_o it_o at_o low-water_n there_o be_v but_o two_o fathom_n without_o it_o you_o will_v have_v ten_o and_o twelve_o fathom_n between_o it_o and_o the_o holms_n five_o and_o six_o fathom_n but_o near_o the_o holms_n ten_o fathom_n the_o overfall_n east_n from_o yarmouth_n about_o nine_o mile_n lie_v the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o overfall_n extend_v itself_o to_o the_o northwards_o more_o than_o five_o mile_n in_o length_n but_o in_o breadth_n not_o considerable_a this_o bank_n be_v dangerous_a because_o it_o be_v very_a shoal_n on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o it_o you_o will_v have_v five_o fathom_n and_o even_a ground_n but_o be_v about_o two_o mile_n distant_a you_o will_v have_v 20_o and_o 24_o fathom_n bounse_n the_o bounse_n be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v north-east_n a_o little_a northerly_a from_o wintertonness_a about_o five_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a be_v a_o round_a sand_n whereon_o there_o be_v three_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n within_o it_o you_o have_v 16_o and_o 17_o fathom_n but_o without_o it_o 8_o 12_o and_o 16_o fathom_n it_o bear_v from_o new-warp_a north_n by_o west_n a_o little_a westerly_n about_o a_o mile_n haseborough-sand_n this_o sand_n lie_v from_o haseborough_n north-east_n by_o east_n about_o six_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a and_o lie_v in_o the_o sea_n northwest_o and_o southeast_n be_v in_o length_n two_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a the_o southeast_n end_n lie_v from_o wintertonness_a north_n and_o west_n a_o little_a westerly_a nine_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a between_o it_o and_o the_o shore_n you_o have_v 12_o and_o 13_o fathom_v water_n but_o on_o it_o 3_o and_o 4_o fathom_n the_o lemon_n the_o lemon_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o bear_v from_o haseborough_n e._n n._n e._n about_o 8_o or_o 9_o league_n when_o you_o be_v near_o this_o sand_n you_o can_v see_v the_o land_n but_o haseborough-steeple_n will_v bear_v from_o you_o w.s.w._n and_o if_o you_o stand_v that_o course_n one_o or_o two_o glass_n at_o the_o most_o you_o will_v then_o have_v sight_n of_o haseborough-steeple_n and_o the_o wood_n that_o be_v by_o it_o if_o the_o weather_n be_v any_o thing_n clear_a this_o sand_n lie_v a_o little_a more_o northerly_a than_o the_o orrey_n the_o orrey_n the_o orrey_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o bear_v near_o east_n by_o north_n half_a northerly_a from_o haseborough-church_n about_o seven_o or_o eight_o league_n off_o and_o be_v about_o two_o mile_n from_o the_o lemon_n between_o which_o two_o sand_n there_o be_v a_o channel_n where_o you_o will_v have_v about_o 17_o 18_o and_o 19_o fathom_v water_n when_o you_o be_v near_o this_o sand_n haseborough-steeple_n will_v bear_v near_o west_n by_o south_n half_a southerly_a blackney-sand_n this_o sand_n lie_v before_o blackney_n be_v distant_a about_o five_o mile_n on_o the_o inner_a side_n you_o will_v have_v four_o fathom_v water_n and_o without_o 4_o 5_o and_z 6_o fathom_n pole_n and_o piper_n the_o pole_n and_o piper_n be_v a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v between_o blackney_n and_o wells_n join_v to_o the_o shore_n the_o beacon_n that_o you_o sail_n by_o lie_v alongst_o by_o the_o piper_n at_o the_o west_n end_n whereof_o go_v in_o the_o channel_n of_o wells_n burnham_n flat_n between_o well_n and_o burnham_n there_o lie_v the_o great_a flat_a call_v burnham-flat_n a_o league_n distant_a from_o the_o shore_n which_o at_o low-water_n lie_v dry_a in_o divers_a place_n at_o high-water_n you_o may_v well_o go_v over_o it_o the_o ground_n on_o the_o north_n side_n go_v up_o flat_a and_o plain_a on_o the_o south_n side_n it_o be_v very_o steep_a as_o soon_o as_o you_o be_v over_o the_o shoal_a you_o shall_v get_v sudden_o deep_a water_n and_o good_a sandy_a ground_n within_o it_o be_v good_a ride_v for_o easterly_a wind_n pearls-hole_n in_o the_o latitude_n of_o 53_o deg_fw-la 38_o min._n and_o to_o the_o east_n of_o the_o meridian_n of_o flamberough-head_n 20_o league_n distant_a from_o it_o e.s.e._n two_o degree_n southerly_a 22_o league_n and_o from_o the_o spornhead_n east_n 19_o league_n be_v a_o great_a hole_n call_v the_o hole_n of_o pearl_n wherein_o be_v 35_o and_o 40_o fathom_n fine_a brown_a sand_n three_o cable_n length_n sail_v and_o then_o 13_o fathom_n new-bank_n four_o league_n s._n e._n by_o east_n from_o this_o hole_n you_o will_v find_v a_o bank_n whereon_o be_v but_o 5_o and_o a_o half_a 6_o and_o 7_o fathom_n for_o several_a cast_v of_o the_o lead_n and_o on_o either_o fide_fw-la 16_o fathom_n the_o depth_n of_o water_n from_o pearls-hole_n to_o this_o bank_n be_v 13_o 15_o 14_o 14_o 16_o 10_o 16_o fathom_n fine_a brown_a sand_n and_o small_a gravel_n the_o tide_n set_v on_o this_o bank_n n._n w._n and_o s._n e._n it_o be_v in_o the_o latitude_n of_o 53_o deg_fw-la 32_o min._n distant_a from_o haseborough-steeple_n 12_o league_n north_n by_o east_n and_o from_o flamborough-head_n e._n s._n e._n 26_o league_n the_o sounding_n hereabouts_o be_v uncertain_a in_o depth_n and_o ground_n and_o many_o bank_n there_o be_v which_o we_o know_v not_o of_o the_o sand_n and_o shoal_n in_o lin-deeps_a the_o sonk_z the_o sonk_z be_v a_o sand_n which_o be_v nigh_o the_o south_n end_n of_o burnham-flat_n and_o lie_v to_o the_o northward_a of_o chappel-land_n and_o be_v dry_a at_o low-water_n you_o may_v sail_v about_o it_o on_o both_o side_n dousing_n the_o dousing_n be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o north-side_n of_o burnham-flat_n it_o bear_v from_o wells_n north_n half_a westerly_a 21_o mile_n the_o southside_n be_v steep_a too_o where_o you_o will_v have_v 19_o fathom_v not_o far_o from_o it_o and_o on_o the_o north_n side_n 9_o and_o 10_o fathom_n inner_a dousing_n this_o sand_n lie_v from_o st._n edmond_n n._n w._n by_o north_n 13_o mile_n and_o from_o skegness_n n.n.e._n 10_o mile_n dogshead_n dogshead_n be_v a_o small_a sand_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o wilgriph_n about_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n boston-knock_a be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v off_o the_o point_n of_o legerness_n which_o fall_v dry_a at_o low-water_n between_o it_o and_o the_o land_n there_o be_v but_o two_o fathom_n but_o it_o flow_v thereabouts_o five_o fathom_n up_o and_o down_o when_o legerness_n bear_v w._n n._n w._n from_o you_o then_o go_v on_o south-west_n through_o between_o the_o knock_n and_o a_o shoal_n which_o shoot_v off_o from_o the_o westward_n of_o legerness_n until_o you_o can_v get_v again_o the_o depth_n of_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n longsand_n the_o body_n of_o this_o sand_n lie_v against_o legerness_n distant_a about_o three_o mile_n be_v without_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ness_n you_o may_v run_v through_o between_o boston-knock_a and_o it_o when_o the_o tree_n in_o the_o point_n come_v a_o hand-spike_n length_n to_o the_o eastward_a of_o legerness_n then_o go_v on_o south-west_n and_o you_o may_v run_v right_a into_o the_o deep_a between_o boston-knock_a and_o longsand_n between_o the_o knock_n and_o the_o point_n of_o the_o longsand_n you_o will_v have_v five_o fathom_n be_v past_o the_o knock_v you_o will_v have_v eight_o nine_o and_o ten_o fathom_n deep_a a_o description_n of_o the_o sand_n within_o the_o humber_n rose_n the_o rose_n be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v before_o salt-fleet_n be_v a_o round_a sand_n and_o be_v two_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n riff_o the_o riff_o be_v a_o shoal_n which_o join_v to_o the_o shore_n between_o sandhall_n and_o clay-ness_a and_o stretch_v itself_o n._n e._n by_o east_n almost_o six_o mile_n into_o the_o sea_n the_o point_n whereof_o lie_v from_o the_o sporn_n s._n e._n by_o south_n four_o mile_n and_o from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o bull_n fast_o by_o south_n four_o mile_n bull._n the_o bull_n be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v almost_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o channel_n on_o the_o n._n e._n side_n whereof_o lie_v a_o buoy_z which_o lie_v from_o the_o sporn_n s._n e._n half_a southerly_a three_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a the_o buoy_z lie_v in_o 7_o or_o 8_o fathom_n water_n the_o thwart_a mark_n of_o the_o say_v buoy_z be_v a_o house_n upon_o the_o west_n end_n of_o the_o cliff_n of_o clay-ness_a and_o from_o thence_o to_o grimsby-road_n
dangerous_a because_o of_o the_o strong_a tide_n which_o shall_v forcible_o carry_v you_o into_o the_o bite_v against_o the_o shore_n it_o be_v also_o best_o to_o carry_v your_o ship_n in_o alongst_o the_o south-head_n for_o there_o it_o be_v deep_a at_o yarmouth_n in_o the_o road_n man_n do_v common_o anchor_v to_o the_o northward_a of_o the_o haven_n right_o overthwart_a the_o town_n in_o five_o six_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n the_o near_a you_o anchor_v to_o the_o sand_n the_o deep_a water_n you_o shall_v have_v but_o all_o good_a sand_n and_o soft_a ground_n to_o sail_v into_o yarmouth-road_n through_o the_o holms_n if_o you_o sail_v into_o the_o road_n of_o yarmouth_n then_o bring_v the_o sharp_a little_a steeple_n that_o stand_v to_o the_o northward_o of_o yarmouth_n within_o the_o land_n over_o the_o broad_a castle_n or_o bring_v the_o mill_n to_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o town_n keep_v these_o mark_n so_o stand_v and_o go_v in_o w._n n._n w._n you_o shall_v find_v in_o this_o channel_n no_o less_o than_o 8_o or_o 9_o fathom_n at_o half-flood_n this_o channel_n be_v call_v st._n nicholas-channel_n channel_n st._n nicholas_n channel_n on_o the_o north_n side_n it_o be_v deep_a be_v come_v in_o the_o road_n be_v right_a before_o the_o town_n in_o five_o or_o six_o fathom_n thwart_v or_o over_o against_o the_o haven_n of_o yarmouth_n go_v also_o a_o channel_n through_o the_o holms_n to_o sail_v in_o there_o come_v from_o the_o southwards_o bring_v the_o souton_n over_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o haven_n between_o the_o great_a tree_n and_o that_o flat_a little_a house_n or_o castle_n and_o sail_v in_o right_a with_o they_o and_o keep_v these_o mark_n so_o stand_v within_o the_o holms_n within_o they_o lie_v a_o flat_a on_o the_o starboard-side_n a_o little_a northward_o of_o the_o haven_n call_v the_o middleground_n you_o may_v sail_v about_o on_o both_o side_n the_o inner_a side_n in_o five_o fathom_n but_o towards_o the_o holms_n or_o towards_o the_o eastward_a of_o it_o in_o 8_o or_o 9_o fathom_n from_o yarmouth_n to_o winterton_n the_o coast_n lie_v north_n by_o west_n and_o northwest_n two_o league_n to_o sail_v from_o yarmouth_n through_o the_o sand_n if_o you_o sail_v from_o yarmouth_n through_o within_o to_o the_o northwards_o sail_n alongst_o by_o the_o land_n and_o keep_v the_o sound_n of_o the_o shore_n in_o 5_o 6_o or_o 7_o fathom_n until_o you_o have_v the_o two_o light-house_n which_o stand_v a_o little_a to_o the_o northwards_o of_o castor_n one_o in_o the_o other_o castor_n castor_n and_o then_o sail_v in_o right_a with_o they_o either_o by_o day_n or_o night_n in_o the_o night_n there_o be_v fire_n in_o they_o and_o then_o shall_v you_o run_v over_o a_o flat_a without_o the_o buoy_z which_o lie_v upon_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o sand_n call_v the_o barber_n barber_n barber_n sail_n bold_o in_o with_o the_o aforesaid_a light-house_n until_o you_o come_v again_o near_o the_o shore_n in_o 5_o or_o six_o fathom_n be_v come_v by_o the_o shore_n run_v again_o alongst_o by_o it_o and_o keep_v the_o sound_a as_o before_o till_o you_o come_v before_o winterton_n to_o sail_v by_o wintertonness_n this_o ness_n former_o have_v be_v very_a shoal_n and_o dangerous_a but_o now_o it_o be_v wear_v away_o so_o that_o ship_n may_v run_v between_o the_o ness_n and_o the_o main_n and_o you_o will_v have_v three_o fathom_v water_n at_o half-flood_n but_o if_o you_o sail_n without_o the_o ness_n there_o be_v a_o channel_n between_o it_o and_o a_o middleground_n and_o the_o mark_n to_o carry_v you_o through_o be_v to_o bring_v the_o two_o small_a light-house_n one_o into_o another_o and_o keep_v the_o great_a light-house_n south_n of_o you_o so_o you_o will_v keep_v in_o the_o best_a of_o the_o channel_n to_o sail_v from_o orfordness_n to_o leystaff_n through_o the_o stamford_n first_o you_o must_v steer_v north_n and_o north_n by_o east_n and_o borrow_v on_o the_o shore_n in_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n until_o you_o come_v in_o the_o midway_n between_o alborough_n and_o dunwich_n where_o you_o must_v give_v the_o shore_n more_o birth_n and_o come_v no_o near_o than_o five_o or_o six_o fathom_n and_o so_o you_o may_v borrow_v on_o the_o shore_n till_o you_o come_v between_o southwold_n and_o covehith_n and_o when_o covehith-church_n be_v west_n you_o be_v then_o thwart_v of_o the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o bernard_n bernard_n bernard_n it_o lie_v north-east_n into_o the_o sea_n and_o to_o go_v clear_a of_o the_o north-east_n end_n of_o it_o keep_v southwold-steeple_n open_a of_o the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o cliff_n until_o you_o bring_v leystaff_n windmill_n open_a to_o the_o northwards_o of_o the_o town_n there_o may_v you_o steer_v with_o the_o town_n of_o leystaff_n keep_v the_o light-house_n in_o one_o to_o go_v within_o the_o knock_n but_o to_o go_v without_o the_o holm-head_n keep_v the_o knock-beacon_n one_o in_o another_o or_o if_o you_o can_v see_v it_o keep_v goulston-steeple_n open_a and_o shut_v of_o the_o waters-edge_n and_o beach-end_n and_o so_o you_o may_v go_v in_o the_o best_a also_o upon_o the_o ebb_n if_o occasion_n ferves_fw-la you_o may_v borrow_v into_o four_o fathom_n of_o the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o bernard_n or_o newcome_n for_o they_o point_v both_o together_o and_o have_v pakâ—field_n church_n west_n you_o may_v go_v in_o with_o the_o shore_n or_o you_o may_v go_v off_o into_o 11_o or_o 12_o fathom-water_n as_o you_o please_v and_o to_o go_v through_o the_o stamford_n bring_v the_o top_n of_o the_o terret_n on_o the_o clockhouse_n over_o the_o white-house_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o town_n to_o sail_v through_o yarmouth-road_n to_o the_o northwards_o first_o to_o turn_v between_o the_o cork-sand_n and_o the_o shore_n come_v no_o near_o the_o sand_n than_o five_o or_o six_o fathom_n but_o on_o the_o shore_n you_o may_v borrow_v in_o four_o fathom_n if_o need_v be_v and_o so_o you_o may_v keep_v until_o you_o come_v to_o castorness_n castorness_n castorness_n and_o so_o run_v until_o the_o two_o light-house_n be_v both_o in_o one_o the_o shoal_a of_o the_o ness_n be_v a_o musquet-shot_a to_o the_o northwards_o of_o the_o light-house_n the_o spit_n lie_v off_o the_o shore_n and_o on_o the_o cork_n you_o may_v borrow_v into_o six_o fathom_n and_o on_o the_o holms_n in_o ten_o fathom_n for_o it_o be_v all_o steep_a too_o and_o the_o shoal_a of_o wintertonness_n be_v when_o the_o steeple_n be_v s._n w._n be_v thwart_a of_o the_o steeple_n a_o mile_n off_o the_o shore_n lie_v a_o shoal_n whereon_o be_v but_o two_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a at_o low-water_n but_o within_o or_o without_o there_o be_v six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n be_v at_o haseborough_n your_o course_n with_o flambrough-head_n be_v n._n w._n and_o s._n e._n as_o you_o take_v the_o tide_n for_o the_o flood_n set_v over_o burnham-flat_a and_o the_o ebb_n cross_v to_o the_o sea_n and_o be_v so_o far_o to_o the_o n._n w._n as_o you_o can_v see_v haseborough-steeple_n which_o be_v the_o high_a steeple_n on_o all_o the_o coast_n and_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o water_n you_o shall_v have_v ten_o fathom_v water_n and_o when_o you_o have_v it_o s._n s._n e._n then_o cromer-steeple_n will_v be_v s._n s._n w._n and_o be_v in_o this_o course_n halfway_n over_o the_o well_o you_o shall_v have_v sometime_o 7_o or_o 8_o fathom_n and_o sometime_o more_o from_o flambrough-head_n to_o newcasile_a the_o course_n be_v n._n w._n or_o w._n n._n w._n but_o if_o you_o keep_v the_o shore_n the_o course_n be_v more_o northerly_a direction_n for_o st._n nicholas-gat_a and_o yarmouth-road_n from_o alborough-bay_n your_o course_n to_o yarmouth-sand_n be_v north_n by_o east_n and_o when_o you_o be_v thwart_v the_o south_n end_n of_o holm-head_n you_o shall_v have_v 17_o or_o 18_o fathom_n water_n which_o be_v direct_o thwart_v of_o leystaff_n and_o be_v past_o that_o you_o may_v borrow_v upon_o the_o sand_n in_o 7_o 8_o or_o 9_o fathom_n water_n until_o you_o have_v bring_v goulston-steeple_n which_o be_v the_o southermost_a steeple_n of_o the_o two_o upon_o the_o north_n peer_n of_o yarmouth_n and_o steer_v with_o those_o mark_v one_o over_o the_o other_o till_o you_o come_v to_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n water_n upon_o the_o shore_n and_o then_o bear_v to_o the_o northward_o anchor_n at_o the_o south_n end_n of_o yarmouth_n or_o before_o as_o you_o shall_v think_v convenient_a in_o 6_o 7_o 8_o or_o 9_o fathom_n water_n from_o whence_o if_o you_o be_v bind_v to_o the_o northward_o and_o will_v go_v over_o castorness_n steer_v alongst_o the_o shore_n in_o 5_o 6_o or_o 7_o fathom_n water_n and_o so_o alongst_o the_o back_n of_o the_o barber-sand_n until_o you_o have_v bring_v the_o light-house_n one_o over_o another_o and_o then_o bear_v within_o the_o buoy_z
sail_v towards_o oazely-bay_n oazeley-bay_n oazeley-bay_n the_o altar_n the_o altar_n be_v a_o small_a ridge_n that_o lie_v n._n n._n w._n and_o s.s.e._n right_a against_o landguard-fort_n the_o channel_n here_o at_o low-water_n be_v not_o more_o than_o a_o cable_n length_n broad_a on_o the_o fort_n side_n be_v five_o fathom_n on_o the_o altar_n be_v six_o foot_n at_o low-water_n a_o cable_n length_n within_o the_o fort_n be_v a_o cross_n ridge_n on_o which_o at_o low_a water_n cross-ridge_n cross-ridge_n be_v but_o fifteen_o foot_n it_o lie_v quite_o cross_a the_o channel_n than_o you_o must_v sail_v along_o the_o beach_n on_o the_o fort-side_n to_o avoid_v the_o great_a flat_a call_v the_o guard_n guard_n guard_n that_o lie_v off_o from_o harwich-town_n till_o you_o bring_v open_a manning-tree_n and_o a_o high_a tree_n that_o stand_v to_o the_o southwards_o of_o the_o hill_n point_n next_o above_o harwich-town_n in_o manning-tree-water_n then_o may_v you_o anchor_v where_o you_o please_v in_o five_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n take_v care_n of_o a_o long_a spit_n of_o sand_n that_o run_v out_o from_o shotley-point_n cross_n to_o ipswich-water_n shotley-point_n shotley-point_n this_o shoal_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n i._n the_o ridge_n the_o ridge_n be_v a_o small_a bank_n of_o great_a stone_n and_o lie_v on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o you_o as_o you_o sail_n in_o by_o the_o andrews_n on_o which_o be_v four_o or_o five_o foot_n at_o low-water_n the_o mark_n to_o avoid_v it_o be_v to_o bring_v the_o two_o light-house_n at_o harwich_n in_o one_o and_o if_o you_o shut_v harwich-mill_n in_o the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o cliff_n you_o run_v right_a on_o it_o if_o open_a than_o you_o may_v go_v clear_a it_o lie_v north-east_n and_o south-west_n and_o be_v but_o narrrow_n and_o half_a a_o mile_n in_o length_n note_a in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n k._n the_o rowling-ground_n the_o rowling-ground_n be_v the_o road_n where_o common_o ship_n ride_v be_v without_o the_o altar_n and_o within_o the_o ridge_n rowling-ground_n mark_n of_o the_o rowling-ground_n and_o thwart_v the_o andrews_n where_o be_v at_o low-water_n 4_o or_o 5_o fathom_n the_o mark_n for_o it_o be_v to_o bring_v the_o windmill_n on_o the_o north_n end_n of_o harwich-cliff_n and_o the_o beacon_n on_o bawdsey-cliff_n over_o the_o north-east_n point_v of_o the_o beach_n that_o run_v from_o landguard-fort_n to_o the_o northwards_o the_o platter_n the_o platter_n be_v several_a heap_n and_o bank_n of_o small_a stone_n that_o lie_v between_o landguard-fort_n and_o woodbridg-haven_n wood-bridge-haven_n wood-bridge-haven_n they_o lie_v close_o to_o the_o shore_n to_o avoid_v they_o come_v no_o near_o than_o four_o fathom_n to_o the_o northwards_o near_o woodbridge-haven_n shoal_n a_o shoal_n lie_v a_o small_a shoal_n where_o be_v but_o ten_o foot_n at_o low-water_n to_o avoid_v this_o come_v no_o near_o than_o five_o fathom_n off_o the_o shore_n thereabouts_o this_o shoal_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n l._n westrock_n the_o westrock_n be_v a_o great_a many_o heap_n and_o bank_n join_v together_o have_v several_a small_a swatche_n among_o they_o the_o ground_n be_v of_o several_a quality_n partly_o sand_n and_o partly_o stone_n both_o great_a and_o small_a in_o several_a place_n it_o dry_v and_o in_o most_o other_o part_n of_o it_o but_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o foot_n at_o low-water_n the_o ground_n uneven_a and_o be_v of_o great_a extent_n n._n e._n and_o s._n w._n about_o 3_o mile_n and_o lie_v n._n w._n and_o s._n e._n near_o 5_o mile_n there_o be_v several_a shoal_n that_o lie_v within_o it_o on_o the_o n._n w._n side_n that_o be_v account_v part_n of_o it_o and_o the_o cork-sand_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o it_o there_o be_v only_o a_o small_a swatch_n of_o 7_o foot_n water_n that_o part_v they_o the_o s._n w._n part_n of_o this_o shoal_n lie_v a_o mile_n and_o half_a from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o gunfleet_n north_n by_o east_n and_o n._n n._n e._n you_o must_v come_v no_o near_o to_o it_o than_o 7_o or_o 8_o fathom_n on_o the_o south_n side_n when_o you_o be_v to_o the_o southward_a westrock_n mark_n of_o the_o westrock_n and_o against_o the_o body_n of_o it_o than_o harwich-church_n will_v be_v a_o little_a near_o to_o landguard-fort_n than_o to_o harwich-cliff_n the_o cork_n the_o cork_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o westrock_n and_o do_v almost_o join_v to_o they_o there_o be_v only_o a_o small_a swatch_n of_o seven_o foot_n water_n betwixt_o they_o it_o dry_v at_o low-water_n and_o lie_v near_o three_o mile_n from_o landguard-fort_n and_o s.e._n by_o east_n from_o the_o out-part_n of_o the_o andrews_n the_o mark_n to_o go_v clear_a of_o it_o in_o and_o out_o be_v to_o bring_v harwich-church_n on_o a_o black_a brewhouse_n that_o stand_v a_o little_a within_o the_o land_n as_o be_v before_o express_v in_o the_o go_v out_o of_o harwich_n the_o cutler_n the_o cutler_n be_v a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v off_o from_o the_o n._n e._n of_o bawdsey-cliff_n a_o small_a mile_n on_o which_o be_v but_o six_o foot_n at_o low-water_n this_o sand_n lie_v bad_o if_o man_n be_v not_o careful_a of_o it_o because_o the_o tide_n of_o flood_n or_o ebb_n set_v so_o right_a upon_o it_o that_o if_o a_o ship_n come_v aground_o it_o be_v bad_a get_v off_o the_o tide_n bind_v so_o direct_o upon_o it_o you_o may_v come_v in_o four_o fathom_n of_o it_o in_o the_o fair-way_n be_v 5_o and_o 6_o fathom_n it_o be_v almost_o round_o and_o very_o hard_a ground_n the_o long_a mark_n to_o keep_v clear_a of_o it_o mark_n long_v a_o mark_n be_v to_o bring_v harwich-steeple_n a_o sail_n breadth_n open_a of_o felsteed-cliff_n the_o thwart_v mark_n for_o it_o mark_n thwart_v mark_n be_v bawdsey-steeple_n on_o the_o north_n end_n of_o a_o thick_a wood_n by_o the_o water_n side_n then_o the_o steeple_n bear_v off_o you_o northwest_o five_o degree_n west_n this_o sand_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n n._n the_o middleground_n the_o middleground_n be_v a_o bank_n that_o lie_v betwixt_o orford-haven_n and_o orfordness_a half_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n on_o which_o at_o low-water_n be_v eighteen_o foot_n and_o between_o it_o and_o the_o shore_n be_v five_o and_o six_o fathom_n and_o lie_v one_o three_o part_n of_o the_o way_n off_o to_o the_o whitingsand_n it_o be_v about_o half_a a_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o lie_v along_o as_o the_o shore_n lie_v between_o this_o and_o the_o whiting_n be_v 6_o and_o 7_o fathom_n this_o be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n o._n the_o onion_n the_o onion_n be_v a_o round_a knowl_n that_o lie_v a_o three_o part_n of_o a_o mile_n to_o the_o southwards_o of_o orfordness_a just_a within_o the_o stream_n of_o it_o and_o there_o be_v on_o it_o at_o low-water_n 14_o and_o 15_o foot_n mark_v there_o be_v none_o but_o to_o observe_v the_o tide_n this_o shoal_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n p._n the_o sledway_n the_o sledway_n be_v a_o channel_n through_o which_o all_o ship_n pass_v that_o come_v within_o the_o sand_n at_o orfordness_a and_o go_v up_o or_o down_o the_o swim_v the_o mark_n for_o it_o be_v to_o bring_v bawdsey-steeple_n open_v a_o little_a to_o the_o northward_a of_o bawdsey-cliff_n in_o two_o or_o three_o tree_n and_o then_o the_o church_n will_v bear_v from_o you_o n._n n._n w._n and_o so_o you_o must_v keep_v those_o mark_n together_o and_o sail_v out_o s._n s._n e._n in_o the_o very_o best_a of_o the_o channel_n which_o direct_v you_o clear_a of_o the_o south-end_n of_o the_o sand_n of_o orford-town_n and_o of_o the_o cork_n and_o westrock_n to_o the_o northward_a of_o they_o and_o if_o you_o bring_v bawdsey-steeple_n on_o the_o north_n end_n of_o bawdsey-cliff_n than_o it_o will_v bear_v from_o you_o north_n by_o west_n and_o bring_v you_o very_o near_o the_o westrock_n and_o if_o you_o bring_v bawdsey-steeple_n n._n w._n from_o you_o it_o will_v bring_v you_o near_o the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o shipwash_n when_o you_o sail_v out_o of_o the_o sledway_n from_o bawdsey_n it_o bear_v n.n.w._n from_o you_o the_o depth_n be_v 4_o 5_o 6_o 7_o 8_o 9_o fathom_n then_o steer_v s._n w._n by_o west_n and_o w.s.w._n according_a to_o the_o wind_n and_o that_o will_v bring_v you_o near_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o gunfleet_n to_o direct_v you_o up_o the_o swim_v and_o when_o you_o come_v to_o 10_o and_o 11_o then_o hale_v south_n up_o towards_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o gunfleet_n this_o sledway_n be_v very_o uneven_a ground_n you_o shall_v have_v 7_o 8_o and_z 9_o fathom_n and_o the_o next_o throw_v 4_o and_o 5_o fathom_n the_o whiting_n the_o whiting_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o
and_o anchor_v a_o little_a below_o the_o beacon_n stone-bank_n these_o be_v several_a small_a bank_n which_o lie_v east_n from_o the_o spornhead_n if_o from_o the_o point_n of_o kelsey_n you_o steer_v south_n by_o east_n until_o the_o point_n of_o the_o sporn_n be_v west_n half_a northerly_a then_o be_v you_o clear_a of_o they_o borcom_n borcom_n be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v off_o stanningborough_n about_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n on_o the_o north-side_n hereof_o lie_v a_o buoy_z which_o lie_v from_o the_o sporn_n west_n by_o south_n half_a southerly_a seven_o mile_n and_o from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o bull_n east_n by_o south_n four_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a sonk_z in_o the_o humber_n the_o sonk_z be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o river_n almost_o as_o far_o down_o as_o the_o sporn_n if_o go_v up_o on_o the_o southside_n you_o bring_v pauls-tower_n open_a of_o the_o redcliff_n to_o the_o eastward_a than_o you_o be_v clear_a or_o about_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o sonk_z holms_n the_o holms_n be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v about_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n the_o east_n end_n come_v within_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o sonk_z and_o on_o the_o west_n end_n lie_v a_o buoy_z which_o bear_v south_n a_o mile_n and_o half_a from_o pauls-church_n and_o from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o bull_n n._n w._n by_o west_n about_o 13_o mile_n the_o bank_n that_o lie_v off_o in_o the_o sea_n the_o dogger-bank_n on_o the_o dogger-bank_n the_o ground_n be_v even_o for_o ten_o league_n together_o on_o the_o southside_n of_o it_o there_o be_v 24_o 24_o 25_o 25_o 25_o 24_o 24_o 23_o 22_o 21_o 20_o 19_o 18_o fathom_n fine_a white_a sand_n and_o on_o the_o north-side_n it_o fall_v off_o with_o a_o flat_a and_o deepen_v by_o little_a and_o little_a in_o sail_v four_o league_n north_n after_o you_o have_v sixteen_o fathom_n you_o will_v have_v your_o water_n every_o cast_v deep_a at_o four_o league_n you_o will_v have_v twenty_o fathom_n fine_a white_a sand_n the_o bank_n lie_v near_a north-east_n from_o the_o sporn_n and_o run_v near_o the_o juttish-riff_a on_o the_o southside_n a_o mile_n from_o the_o bank_n you_o will_v have_v 20_o and_o 22_o fathom_n fine_a white_a and_o gray_a sand_n you_o will_v have_v 18_o 17_o 16_o 14_o 11_o fathom_n fine_a whitish_a gray_a sand_n and_o continue_v in_o the_o depth_n of_o 11_o fathom_n on_o the_o dogger-bank_n for_o 7_o league_n together_o in_o the_o latitude_n of_o 55_o deg_fw-la 9_o min._n to_o the_o eastward_n of_o flamborough-head_n 34_o league_n the_o sounding_n on_o the_o very_a ridge_n of_o the_o dogger-bank_n towards_o the_o west_n end_n are_z 11_o 11_o 12_o 11_o 10_o and_o a_o half_a 10_o and_o a_o half_a 10_o and_o a_o quarter_n 10_o and_o a_o quarter_n 10_o and_o a_o half_a fathom_n in_o stand_v a_o mile_n southerly_a you_o will_v deepen_v from_o 10_o and_o a_o quarter_n to_o 12_o fathom_n and_o sail_v westerly_a you_o will_v find_v shoaler_n water_n in_o sail_v 30_o league_n east_n and_o west_n the_o ground_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n for_o three_o league_n breadth_n north_n or_o south_n it_o be_v 11_o 12_o 10_o and_o a_o half_a 11_o 11_o 13_o 14_o 15_o 14_o fathom_n then_o the_o water_n grow_v deep_a on_o either_o side_n but_o more_o steep_a on_o the_o north_n than_o on_o the_o south_n yet_o towards_o the_o west_n part_n of_o this_o bank_n you_o will_v find_v the_o south_n side_n to_o deepen_v more_o sudden_o than_o to_o the_o east_n end_n it_o lie_v near_a s._n w._n by_o west_n and_o n._n e._n by_o east_n stretch_v within_o 16_o league_n of_o flamborough-head_n the_o sounding_n on_o the_o west_n end_n flamborough-head_n bear_v east_n by_o north_n four_o degree_n northerly_a distant_a eight_o league_n and_o steer_v w._n s._n w._n you_o will_v have_v white_a and_o brown_a sand_n 20_o 19_o 17_o 16_o fathom_n with_o small_a stone_n of_o gravel_n but_o further_o off_o towards_o the_o dogger-bank_n 32_o 30_o 25_o 32_o 27_o 30_o fathom_n fine_a brown_a and_o gray_a sand._n about_o two_o league_n to_o the_o southward_a of_o flamborough-head_n you_o will_v have_v 10_o fathom_v water_n small_a gravel_n stone_n and_o brown_a sand._n when_o hornsey-spire-steeple_n bear_v w.s.w._n about_o three_o league_n and_o flamborough-head_n n._n w._n by_o north_n you_o may_v anchor_v in_o 17_o fathom_n gravelly_a ground_n flamborough-head_n lie_v in_o the_o latitude_n of_o 54_o deg_fw-la 14_o min._n in_o the_o latitude_n of_o 54_o deg_fw-la 3_o min._n to_o the_o east_n of_o the_o meridian_n of_o flamborough-head_n 5_o â…“_n league_n you_o will_v have_v 25_o fathom_n gray_a sand_n with_o small_a stone_n and_o piece_n of_o shell_n the_o sounding_n from_o 17_o 18_o 20_o 21_o 23_o 24_o 25_o fathom_n fine_a gray_a sand_n sometime_o gravel_n and_o sometime_o shell_n crouch-bank_n in_o the_o midway_n between_o flamborough-head_n and_o the_o naze_n lie_v this_o great_a bank_n north_n by_o east_n and_o south_n by_o west_n in_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o length_n 35_o league_n the_o south_n end_v hereof_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o dogger-bank_n five_o league_n and_o from_o flamborough-head_n north-east_n half_a easterly_a 39_o league_n on_o the_o south_n end_n of_o this_o bank_n be_v 22_o in_o the_o middle_n 38_o 39_o and_o on_o the_o north_n end_n 28_o fathom_n which_o bear_v from_o the_o naze_n w._n s._n w._n 39_o league_n the_o whitebank_n about_o twenty_o league_n north_n from_o friezland_n lie_v the_o whitebank_n be_v in_o length_n 27_o league_n and_o in_o breadth_n five_o league_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o dogger-bank_n 13_o league_n lie_v east_n by_o north_n and_o west_n by_o south_n in_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o west_n end_n be_v 23_o fathom_n and_o on_o the_o south_n end_n 22._o the_o white-water_n north-west_n by_o west_n fourteen_o league_n from_o the_o texel_n lie_v a_o bank_n call_v the_o white-water_n lie_v n._n e._n by_o east_n and_o s._n w._n by_o south_n in_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o length_n ten_o league_n on_o which_o be_v 16_o fathom_n the_o west_n end_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o well_o seven_o league_n where_o you_o will_v have_v 24_o and_o 25_o fathom_n and_o between_o it_o and_o the_o dogger-bank_n 27_o and_o 28_o fathom_n the_o well-bank_n the_o sounding_n of_o the_o well-bank_n be_v 15_o and_o 14_o fathom_n brown_a sand_n and_o small_a gravel_n between_o flamborough-head_n and_o it_o the_o distance_n be_v 20_o league_n you_o will_v have_v 25_o 23_o 22_o 21_o 22_o 18_o fathom_n near_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o bank_n you_o will_v have_v 12_o 14_o 16_o 17_o 13_o 15_o fathom_n brown_a sand_n with_o small_a gravel_n stone_n in_o it_o red_a and_o black_a and_o some_o cast_v fine_a brown_a sand_n and_o piece_n of_o shell_n on_o the_o south-west_n part_n of_o the_o well-bank_n you_o will_v have_v 13_o fathom_n brown_a sand_n this_o well-bank_n stretch_v far_o easterly_a towards_o the_o whitesand_n the_o depth_n of_o water_n between_o both_o be_v 15_o 14_o 18_o 17_o 17_o 23_o 17_o 21_o 21_o 23_o 21_o 14_o fathom_n brown_a sand_n but_o no_o certainty_n in_o any_o ground_n to_o know_v the_o distance_n of_o place_n from_o the_o land_n in_o the_o latitude_n of_o 53_o deg_fw-la 6_o min._n flamborough-head_n bear_v n._n w._n by_o west_n five_o degree_n westerly_a distant_a 43_o league_n sail_v south_n your_o depth_n will_v be_v 16_o 17_o 21_o 21_o 23_o 21_o 14._o in_o the_o latitude_n 52_o deg_fw-la 54_o min._n 20_o 18_o 23_o 19_o fathom_n brown_a gritty_a sand._n the_o tide_n run_v north_n by_o east_n and_o south_n by_o west_n tide_n flow_v of_o the_o tide_n of_o a_o indifferent_a strength_n it_o be_v high-water_n here_o on_o the_o change-day_n of_o the_o moon_n a_o description_n of_o the_o sand_n shoal_n buoys_n beacon_n and_o sea-marks_a upon_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o nower_n to_o dover_n the_o flat_n the_o flat_n be_v so_o call_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o general_a flatness_n on_o which_o you_o may_v sail_v 4_o or_o 5_o mile_n and_o not_o alter_v one_o foot_n in_o depth_n in_o the_o course_n from_o the_o narrow_a to_o the_o redsand_n you_o may_v have_v ten_o foot_n water_n to_o the_o eastward_a in_o some_o holes_n you_o have_v 15_o and_o 16_o foot_n water_n the_o danger_n that_o be_v in_o these_o flat_n be_v discourse_v of_o in_o their_o place_n for_o he_o that_o keep_v himself_o on_o the_o course_n that_o lead_v from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o woolpack_n to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o redsand_n which_o be_v n._n w._n by_o west_n a_o quarter_n north_n if_o he_o take_v tie_v according_a to_o the_o draught_n of_o his_o ship_n shall_v not_o meet_v with_o any_o danger_n the_o gilman_n the_o gilman_n be_v a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v up_o from_o the_o buoy_z of_o
you_o may_v perceive_v it_o well_o by_o the_o ripling_n of_o the_o tide_n most_o common_o direction_n from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o buxey_n down_o to_o the_o kings-channel_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o northwards_o when_o you_o be_v at_o the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o gunfleet_n or_o thwart_v of_o the_o buoys_n in_o ten_o or_o twelve_o fathom_n if_o you_o be_v bind_v to_o sea_n for_o norway_n east-land_n hambrough_n holland_n etc._n etc._n steer_v out_o n._n e._n by_o east_n and_o e._n n._n e._n until_o you_o come_v to_o twenty_o fathom_v water_n than_o you_o be_v clear_a of_o all_o and_o direct_v your_o course_n to_o the_o place_n you_o be_v bind_v but_o if_o you_o be_v bind_v for_o the_o north_n coast_n of_o england_n and_o will_v hale_v in_o for_o yarmouth-road_n then_o from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o buxey_n steer_v north-east_n by_o east_n until_o you_o have_v bring_v bawdsey-cliff_n to_o bear_v from_o you_o northwest_o by_o west_n than_o you_o may_v borrow_v upon_o the_o shipwash_n in_o ten_o or_o eleven_o fathom_n or_o steer_v away_o north-east_n by_o north_n and_o north-east_n until_o you_o come_v to_o bring_v alborough-church_n to_o bear_v from_o you_o northwest_o then_o bear_v in_o with_o it_o n._n n._n w._n till_o you_o come_v to_o nine_o or_o ten_o fathom_n upon_o the_o shore_n and_o that_o will_v bring_v you_o within_o the_o sand_n call_v alborough-knapes_a on_o which_o there_o be_v 10_o or_o 11_o foot_n at_o low-water_n but_o there_o be_v 17_o or_o 18_o fathom_n between_o that_o and_o the_o shore_n the_o thwart_a mark_n for_o the_o south_n end_n of_o it_o be_v alborough-church_n w._n n._n w._n for_o the_o north_n end_n of_o it_o the_o same_o church_n w.s.w._n the_o long_a mark_n for_o it_o be_v orford_n church_n and_o castle_n one_o in_o another_o go_v right_a upon_o it_o but_o keep_v they_o open_a a_o great_a sail_n breadth_n one_o off_o another_o on_o each_o side_n carry_v you_o clear_a either_o without_o or_o within_o the_o sand._n from_o the_o sonk_z to_o the_o longsand_n and_o so_o to_o the_o north-foreland_n when_o the_o naze-sand_n do_v bear_v northwest_n by_o west_n you_o may_v hale_v up_o east_n and_o east_n by_o south_n and_o e._n s._n e._n be_v careful_a to_o keep_v the_o lead_n and_o to_o look_v out_o for_o the_o ripling_n of_o the_o sand_n and_o bear_v off_o and_o on_o from_o it_o in_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n and_o be_v below_o that_o in_o eleven_o fathom_n then_o if_o you_o have_v a_o neap-tyde_n you_o may_v steer_v for_o the_o long-sand-head_n but_o with_o a_o flood_n and_o a_o east_n wind_n or_o northerly_a wind_n you_o may_v steer_v e._n s._n e._n or_o southeast_n till_o you_o come_v to_o 14_o or_o 15_o fathom_n dirty_a owsey_a ground_n then_o steer_v s._n s._n e._n for_o a_o good_a distance_n for_o you_o have_v pit_n of_o 20_o fathom_n and_o 14_o or_o 15_o fathom_n but_o have_v a_o continue_a depthing_n of_o 18_o 19_o 20_o or_o 21_o fathom_n and_o stony_a ground_n than_o you_o may_v assure_v yourself_o that_o you_o be_v without_o the_o longsand_n and_o may_v steer_v s.s.w._n with_o the_o foreland_n and_o s._n w._n by_o south_n to_o sail_v alongst_o the_o coast_n by_o alborough_n dunwich_n and_o covehith_n the_o coast_n lie_v north_n by_o east_n somewhat_o easterly_a and_o south_n by_o west_n somewhat_o westerly_a from_o covehith_n to_o leystaff_n north_n and_o south_n two_o league_n between_o dunwich_n and_o covehith_n lie_v the_o haven_n of_o southworld_n southwold_n southwold_n which_o be_v a_o small_a creek_n and_o a_o little_a within_o it_o divide_v itself_o into_o three_o part_n upon_o the_o northermost_a arm_n lie_v southwold_n covehith_n dunwich_n covehith_n upon_o the_o middlemost_a walderswick_n and_o upon_o the_o southermost_a dunwich_n covehith_n have_v a_o high_a sharp_a steeple_n thwart_v of_o this_o steeple_n lie_v a_o bank_n not_o far_o from_o the_o land_n which_o fall_v almost_o dry_a at_o low-water_n but_o at_o half-flood_n you_o may_v sail_v through_o between_o the_o land_n and_o it_o in_o two_o fathom_n upon_o the_o outer-side_n it_o be_v very_o steep_a so_o that_o you_o can_v come_v near_a it_o than_o in_o nine_o or_o ten_o fathom_n when_o the_o steeple_n of_o covehith_n be_v w.n.w._n from_o you_o than_o you_o be_v to_o the_o southward_a of_o the_o bank_n and_o when_o the_o steeple_n of_o covehith_n be_v south-west_n by_o west_n from_o you_o than_o you_o be_v to_o the_o northwards_o of_o it_o two_o league_n to_o the_o northward_a of_o covehith_n lie_v leystaff_n leystaff_n leystaff_n and_o two_o league_n to_o the_o northward_a of_o that_o lie_v yarmouth_n the_o steeple_n be_v a_o high_a sharp_a steeple_n and_o stand_v a_o great_a musquet-shot_a within_o the_o land_n from_o the_o house_n so_o that_o in_o sail_v alongst_o you_o may_v bring_v the_o steeple_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o house_n off_o from_o leystaff_n begin_v the_o bank_n call_v the_o holms_n of_o yarmouth_n winterton_n holms_n winterton_n and_o lie_v along_o to_o the_o northward_a past_a yarmouth_n until_o you_o come_v thwart_v of_o winterton_n there_o go_v divers_a channel_n through_o they_o which_o you_o may_v sail_v through_o upon_o divers_a mark_n for_o those_o that_o be_v there_o acquaint_v you_o may_v sail_v within_o these_o bank_n off_o from_o leystaff_n until_o you_o be_v past_a winterton_n you_o may_v anchor_v in_o southwold-bay_n in_o 16_o fathom_n near_o six_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n fine_a yellow_a sand_n mix_v with_o yellow_a grit_n the_o sounding_n alongst_o the_o coast_n be_v 20_o 19_o 20_o 21_o 19_o 18_o 17_o 15_o 16_o fathom_n when_o leystaff-church_n bear_v west_n by_o north_n five_o league_n from_o you_o the_o depth_n of_o water_n be_v 18_o fathom_n brown_a sand_n with_o piece_n of_o yellow_a shell_n before_o you_o have_v sight_n of_o the_o land_n your_o sounding_n will_v be_v 25_o 19_o 21_o 19_o 18_o 17_o 18_o fathom_n at_o first_o white_a sand_n mix_v with_o red_a but_o at_o last_o brown_a sand_n with_o a_o stone_n or_o two_o in_o it_o the_o sound_a in_o the_o channel_n be_v very_o fair_a the_o water_n look_v whitish_a spot_v with_o white-water_n to_o sail_v within_o the_o bank_n of_o yarmouth_n if_o you_o will_v sail_v through_o from_o before_o leystaff_n within_o these_o bank_n then_o look_v out_o for_o the_o light-house_n which_o stand_v by_o leystaff_n which_o be_v two_o little_a white_a house_n the_o one_o stand_v beneath_o upon_o the_o shingles_n on_o the_o seaside_n and_o the_o innermost_a upon_o a_o little_a hommock_n somewhat_o far_o within_o the_o land_n when_o you_o come_v to_o the_o southward_a than_o they_o show_v themselves_o to_o the_o northward_a of_o the_o town_n but_o come_v at_o last_o thwart_v of_o it_o in_o the_o night_n there_o be_v always_o fire_n on_o they_o to_o sail_v in_o there_o also_o by_o night_n bring_v these_o foresay_a light-house_n northwest_o by_o north_n or_o somewhat_o more_o northerly_a from_o you_o and_o sail_v in_o right_a with_o they_o either_o by_o night_n or_o by_o day_n when_o the_o church_n of_o leystaff_n come_v to_o the_o southward_a of_o the_o town_n over_o a_o country_n house_n by_o the_o waterside_n than_o you_o come_v against_o the_o channel_n there_o be_v no_o more_o than_o three_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n keep_v these_o foresay_a light-house_n one_o in_o the_o other_o or_o bring_v the_o innermost_a rather_o a_o little_a to_o the_o northwards_o of_o the_o outermost_a to_o avoid_v a_o little_a flat_a which_o lie_v to_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o channel_n but_o the_o channel_n be_v indifferent_a wide_a run_v in_o until_o you_o come_v against_o it_o in_o two_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a or_o two_o fathom_n as_o near_o as_o you_o will_v or_o can_v then_o go_v up_o northward_o alongst_o by_o the_o shore_n you_o shall_v then_o have_v sail_v a_o lâ—ttle_a to_o the_o northward_a meet_v with_o a_o flat_a whereupon_o remain_v at_o low-water_n less_o than_o two_o fathom_n you_o must_v anchor_v before_o that_o flat_a with_o lade_v ship_n and_o stay_v for_o high-water_n it_o flow_v there_o about_o eight_o foot_n up_o and_o down_o as_o soon_o as_o you_o be_v over_o the_o flat_a it_o will_v be_v five_o six_o and_o seven_o fathom_n deep_a edge_n then_o to_o the_o shore_n and_o sail_v towards_o it_o and_o you_o come_v before_o the_o brewhouse_n there_o be_v a_o road_n where_o you_o may_v anchor_v in_o five_o or_o six_o fathom_n from_o thence_o northward_o towards_o yarmouth_n alongst_o the_o shore_n be_v all_o over_o good_a anchor_a and_o good_a ground_n about_o a_o mile_n or_o somewhat_o more_o haven_n yarmouth_n haven_n to_o the_o southward_a of_o the_o town_n of_o yarmouth_n it_o have_v two_o wooden_a head_n you_o must_v sail_v in_o between_o they_o both_o against_o the_o high_a water_n when_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o flood_n be_v spend_v at_o half-flood_n it_o be_v
off_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n and_o fall_v dry_a at_o low-water_n be_v steep_a too_o have_v ten_o fathom_n close_o to_o it_o to_o avoid_v this_o come_v no_o near_o it_o than_o eight_o fathom_n ness_n thwart_v mark_n of_o shooberry_n ness_n the_o thwart_a mark_n of_o it_o be_v to_o bring_v two_o high_a tree_n a_o little_a open_a to_o the_o west_n of_o shooberry-steeple_n which_o be_v a_o spire_n steeple_n to_o go_v clear_a of_o shooberry-flat_a mark_n long_a mark_n keep_v the_o high_a land_n of_o lee_n open_a of_o the_o land_n on_o the_o north-east_n of_o it_o and_o that_o will_v go_v in_o the_o best_a of_o the_o channel_n black-tayl_n this_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o foresay_a great_a flat_a and_o lie_v below_o shooberry-ness_a e.n.e._n about_o four_o mile_n be_v steep_a too_o and_o have_v six_o seven_o and_o eight_o fathom_v above_o and_o below_o it_o but_o you_o must_v come_v no_o near_o it_o than_o 8_o fathom_n the_o warp_n the_o warp_n be_v a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v in_o the_o fair-way_n come_v out_o of_o the_o swim_v up_o the_o river_n begin_v near_o to_o the_o buoy_z of_o oaze-edge_n and_o tayl_v up_o as_o high_a as_o the_o middleground_n of_o lee_n upon_o it_o there_o be_v but_o four_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n on_o the_o north_n side_n there_o be_v eight_o and_o ten_o fathom_n and_o on_o the_o south_n side_n ten_o and_o eleven_o fathom_n this_o sand_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n f._n the_o shoe_n and_o beacon_n the_o shoe_n be_v also_o a_o part_n of_o the_o forementioned_a great_a flat_a be_v very_o steep_a too_o the_o course_n from_o the_o black-tayl_n to_o the_o shoe_n and_o beacon_n be_v north-east_n half_a easterly_a about_o four_o or_o five_o mile_n you_o must_v not_o come_v near_o the_o beacon_n than_o nine_o or_o ten_o fathom_n and_o you_o may_v stand_v over_o towards_o the_o mouse_n in_o ten_o fathom_n and_o so_o near_o from_o this_o beacon_n to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o oaze-edge_n the_o course_n be_v south-west_n by_o south_n distant_a about_o four_o mile_n between_o this_o beacon_n and_o the_o whitaker_n you_o may_v come_v in_o six_o fathom_n on_o the_o north-side_n and_o on_o the_o southside_n near_o the_o mouse_n in_o ten_o fathom_n in_o the_o fair-way_n be_v seven_o eight_o or_o nine_o fathom_n the_o shooe-beacon_n and_o buoy_z of_o the_o redsand_n do_v bear_v north_n and_o south_n near_a one_o of_o the_o other_o betwixt_o five_o and_o six_o mile_n middleground_n and_o buoy_z this_o sand_n lie_v between_o buxey-sand_n and_o the_o east-barrows_n be_v about_o five_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o lie_v near_o north-east_n and_o south-west_n upon_o the_o south-west_n end_n be_v place_v a_o buoy_z which_o bear_v from_o the_o shooe-beacon_n north-east_n by_o north_n two_o degree_n easterly_a about_o five_o mile_n you_o may_v sail_v from_o the_o shoe_n be_v below_o it_o by_o your_o lead_n towards_o the_o whitaker_n in_o 6_o 6_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a and_z 7_o and_o a_o half_a and_o on_o the_o barrow_n side_n in_o 8_o fathom_n and_o in_o the_o fair-way_n be_v 9_o or_o 10_o fathom_n the_o buoy_z at_o low-water_n lie_v in_o 18_o foot_n and_o on_o this_o sand_n at_o low-water_n be_v 4_o 5_o and_z 6_o foot_n water_n the_o middle-middle-ground_n this_o be_v a_o small_a shoal_n that_o lie_v w.n.w._n half_a a_o mile_n from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o middleground_n and_o extend_v itself_o a_o little_a below_o the_o whitaker-beacon_n on_o this_o sand_n there_o be_v no_o more_o than_o 14_o foot_n at_o low-water_n to_o avoid_v it_o you_o must_v keep_v within_o two_o cable_n length_n of_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o middleground_n at_o the_o north_n end_n of_o this_o shoal_n there_o be_v 5_o or_o 6_o fathom_n water_n this_o be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n g._n the_o whitaker_n and_o beacon_n the_o whitaker_n be_v also_o a_o part_n of_o the_o forementioned_a great_a flat_a and_o be_v the_o north-east_n point_v thereof_o on_o which_o stand_v a_o beacon_n from_o whence_o run_v off_o a_o tail_n of_o the_o foresay_a flat_a a_o little_a to_o the_o northward_a of_o the_o beacon_n to_o avoid_v which_o come_v no_o near_o than_o seven_o fathom_n betwixt_o this_o and_o the_o s._n w._n end_n of_o the_o buxey_n go_v in_o a_o small_a channel_n up_o towards_o foul-ness_a call_v north-fletch_a useful_a only_o for_o small_a vessel_n from_o whitaker_n to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o buxey_n you_o may_v sail_v in_o 6_o or_o 7_o fathom_n and_o towards_o the_o middleground_n in_o 8_o fathom_n in_o the_o fair-way_n there_o be_v 7_o fathom_n and_o on_o this_o tail_n there_o be_v but_o two_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n the_o burey_n and_o buoy_z the_o buxey_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o whitaker_n and_o stretch_v itself_o south-west_n and_o north-east_n fall_v dry_a at_o low-water_n at_o the_o north_n end_v thereof_o lie_v a_o buoy_z betwixt_o this_o buoy_z and_o the_o south-west_n end_n of_o the_o gunfleet_n go_v in_o a_o channel_n call_v the_o spit_v where_o there_o be_v but_o six_o and_o seven_o foot_n at_o low-water_n be_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n broad_a spit_n mark_n for_o the_o spit_n the_o mark_n for_o it_o be_v a_o flat_a steeple_n call_v great_a holland_n bring_v it_o into_o a_o small_a swamp_n or_o gaul_n in_o a_o red_a cliff_n then_o do_v the_o church_n bear_v north_n half_a westerly_a then_o steer_v in_o northwest_n till_o your_o water_n deepen_v then_o bear_v down_o towards_o the_o naze_n according_a to_o your_o wind_n the_o near_a the_o gunfleet_n the_o deep_a the_o water_n be_v as_o you_o sail_n you_o shall_v have_v 5_o 6_o 7_o and_z 8_o fathom_n water_n the_o gunfleet_n and_o buoy_z the_o gunfleet_n be_v a_o long_a sand_n by_o judgement_n eight_o or_o nine_o mile_n and_o have_v in_o it_o some_o small_a swatche_n the_o south-west_n end_n of_o it_o and_o the_o north-east_n end_n be_v flat_a and_o good_a shoal_v but_o on_o either_o side_n steep_a in_o some_o part_n of_o it_o more_o than_o other_o you_o may_v sail_v alongst_o it_o on_o the_o south_n side_n from_o the_o south-west_n end_v downward_o in_o seven_o fathom_n till_o you_o come_v within_o a_o large_a mile_n of_o the_o buoy_z come_v no_o near_o than_o nine_o fathom_n here_o lie_v a_o hook_n e.s.e._n off_o from_o the_o sand_n a_o long_a cable_n length_n hook_n a_o hook_n on_o the_o southeast_n side_n of_o which_o go_v a_o small_a swatch_n quite_o through_o the_o sand_n to_o the_o northwest_n which_o cause_v the_o tide_n to_o set_v in_o there_o so_o that_o when_o vessel_n pass_v near_o it_o if_o not_o careful_a in_o time_n it_o draw_v they_o into_o the_o swatch_n or_o upon_o the_o hook_n to_o avoid_v which_o come_v no_o near_o this_o part_n of_o the_o sand_n than_o ten_o fathom_n from_o this_o hook_n to_o the_o north-east_n end_n this_o sand_n be_v very_o steep_a too_o but_o at_o the_o end_n flat_a as_o aforesaid_a this_o sand_n lie_v north-east_n and_o south-west_n a_o good_a part_n of_o it_o dri_v in_o some_o part_n half_o a_o mile_n and_o other_o part_n one_o three_o of_o a_o mile_n broad_a and_o if_o you_o stand_v from_o this_o sand_n to_o the_o heap_n come_v no_o near_o they_o than_o ten_o fathom_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v eight_o fathom_n the_o buoy_z of_o the_o gunfleet_n lie_v from_o the_o naze_n southeast_n by_o east_n four_o mile_n the_o heap_n the_o heap_n be_v several_a bank_n of_o sand_n as_o it_o be_v hurdle_n by_o some_o call_v the_o hurdle_n join_v to_o the_o north-east_n end_n of_o the_o middleground_n e.n.e._n and_o w.s.w._n on_o which_o at_o low-water_n be_v but_o seven_o foot_n and_o very_o steep_a too_o and_o run_v down_o about_o three_o mile_n the_o north-east_n end_v thereof_o do_v bear_v from_o the_o naze_n south_n by_o east_n half_a easterly_a the_o channel_n betwixt_o they_o and_o the_o gunfleet_n be_v four_o mile_n broad_a in_o turn_v up_o or_o down_o come_v no_o near_o they_o than_o ten_o fathom_n some_o of_o these_o heap_n do_v dry_a on_o spring-tyde_n these_o be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n b._n the_o andrews_n the_o andrews_n be_v a_o narrow_a point_n of_o small_a stone_n that_o lie_v out_o from_o landguard_n point_v near_o half_a a_o mile_n and_o dri_v at_o low-water_n on_o the_o south-west_n side_n of_o this_o spit_n lie_v several_a heap_n of_o small_a stone_n that_o also_o dry_a at_o spring-tyde_n but_o when_o you_o have_v the_o two_o light-house_n in_o one_o sail_v so_o it_o direct_v you_o free_a of_o they_o and_o as_o you_o sail_v out_o of_o harwich_n to_o the_o northwards_o when_o you_o have_v bring_v bawdsey_n steeple_n open_a of_o the_o land_n to_o the_o south_n of_o bawdsey_n then_o be_v you_o clear_a of_o the_o andrews_n and_o may_v
sand_n call_v the_o chapman_n chapman_n chapman_n lie_v far_o from_o the_o shore_n and_o be_v steep_a too_o for_o close_a by_o it_o you_o will_v have_v seven_o fathom_v water_n and_o the_o next_o cast_v aground_n and_o to_o the_o eastward_a of_o the_o chapman_n lie_v a_o smooth_a sand_n which_o be_v dry_a at_o low-water_n and_o between_o this_o sand_n and_o the_o kentish-shore_n there_o be_v two_o middle-ground_n which_o do_v tail_n down_o from_o shooberry_n to_o the_o whitaker_n and_o there_o be_v no_o ride_v for_o a_o ship_n that_o draw_v 17_o 18_o or_o 19_o foot_n water_n from_o between_o shooberry-ness_a and_o the_o nower_n and_o so_o down_o to_o black-tayl_n there_o lie_v a_o sand_n call_v the_o warp_n warp_n warp_n whereon_o there_o be_v not_o above_o three_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a or_o four_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n on_o the_o southermost_a side_n right_a against_o shooberry-ness_a be_v a_o sand_n call_v the_o nower_n whereon_o be_v a_o buoy_z which_o be_v right_a against_o the_o west-swayl_a come_v out_o of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o medway_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o isle_n of_o grean_n and_o the_o isse_fw-la of_o sheppy_n direction_n for_o sail_v from_o tilbury-hope_a down_o to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o nower_n when_o you_o break_v ground_n from_o tilbury-hope_a if_o the_o wind_n be_v southerly_a keep_v the_o south_n shore_n close_o aboard_o but_o be_v careful_a of_o blyth_n sand_n blyth-sand_n blyth-sand_n which_o lie_v close_o to_o the_o south-shore_n and_o according_o observe_v these_o mark_n to_o carry_v you_o clear_a of_o it_o keep_v the_o steeple_n of_o tilbury-church_n a_o great_a sail_n breadth_n without_o sands-head-point_n or_o if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o night_n or_o hasey_a weather_n keep_v your_o lead_n and_o come_v not_o within_o five_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n and_o seven_o fathom_n at_o high-water_n on_o the_o southside_n and_o that_o depth_n will_v carry_v you_o clear_a without_o the_o sand_n and_o those_o depth_n will_v lead_v you_o down_o to_o the_o nower-head_n nower-head_n nower-head_n but_o if_o the_o wind_n be_v northerly_a than_o you_o must_v keep_v the_o north-shore_n which_o be_v steep_a too_o until_o you_o come_v as_o low_o as_o hull-haven_n and_o so_o keep_v the_o sounding_n aforesaid_a you_o may_v come_v down_o to_o the_o nower_n and_o if_o you_o please_v you_o may_v come_v to_o a_o anchor_n at_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o nower_n and_o that_o you_o may_v know_v how_o to_o anchor_v clear_a of_o the_o sand_n bring_v prickelwel-steeple_n a_o sail_n breadth_n to_o the_o eastward_a of_o the_o wood_n that_o be_v on_o the_o north-shore_n by_o the_o waterside_n and_o there_o you_o may_v come_v to_o a_o anchor_n direction_n to_o sail_n from_o the_o nower_n to_o the_o northward_a through_o the_o swim_v from_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o nower_n or_o thwart_v of_o shooberry-ness_a to_o the_o black-tayl_n the_o course_n be_v e._n n._n e._n black-tayl_n black-tayl_n but_o if_o the_o wind_n be_v westerly_a 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may_v steer_v out_o n.e._n by_o east_n down_o the_o kings-channel_n or_o if_o the_o wind_n will_v give_v you_o leave_v to_o borrow_v upon_o the_o gunfleet_n in_o 7_o or_o 8_o fathom_n water_n than_o that_o depth_n will_v lead_v you_o down_o to_o the_o buoy_z at_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o gunfleet_n also_o by_o this_o mean_v you_o shall_v be_v sure_a to_o keep_v clear_a of_o the_o middleground_n that_o lie_v between_o the_o gunfleet_n and_o the_o eastward_a sand_n which_o be_v call_v the_o heap_n which_o at_o low-water_n have_v but_o ten_o foot_n in_o some_o place_n this_o middleground_n reach_v a_o great_a length_n when_o you_o be_v at_o the_o south_n end_n of_o it_o the_o naze-land_n will_v bear_v north_n from_o you_o and_o orfordness_a n._n n._n e._n when_o you_o be_v at_o the_o north-east_n end_n of_o this_o sand_n than_o you_o will_v be_v thwart_a of_o the_o buoy_z on_o the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o gunfleet_n and_o harwich-church_n will_v be_v open_a and_o shut_v of_o harwich-cliff_n from_o whence_o if_o you_o be_v bind_v for_o the_o north-foreland_n you_o may_v steer_v e._n n._n e._n and_o east_n by_o north_n till_o you_o bring_v the_o naze-land_n to_o bear_v w._n n._n w._n from_o you_o and_o then_o you_o may_v be_v sure_a you_o be_v northward_o of_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o sonk_z but_o if_o the_o wind_n be_v southerly_a borrow_v close_o aboard_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o sonk_z other_o direction_n for_o the_o swim_v and_o so_o through_o the_o kings-channel_n towards_o the_o down_n when_o you_o come_v down_o as_o low_a as_o the_o whitaker_n then_o take_v heed_n and_o keep_v the_o shoal_v thereof_o until_o you_o be_v two_o mile_n below_o it_o middleground_n middleground_n than_o you_o come_v to_o the_o shoal_v of_o the_o middleground_n which_o be_v steep_a too_o for_o if_o you_o do_v turn_v down_o you_o must_v about_o when_o you_o come_v to_o ten_o
reculver_n lie_v off_o a_o shoal_n call_v the_o horse_n on_o which_o it_o be_v very_a shoal_n at_o low-water_n horse_n horse_n the_o mark_n to_o avoid_v it_o be_v to_o keep_v st._n peters-steeple_n on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o westgate-bay_n a_o little_a upon_o the_o cliff_n which_o mark_v you_o may_v use_v either_o go_v up_o or_o down_o between_o the_o hook_n of_o margaret-sand_n and_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o searn_v be_v a_o good_a road_n for_o ship_n to_o ride_v in_o call_v the_o gore_n gore_n gore_n which_o be_v useful_a for_o ship_n when_o they_o have_v not_o wind_n and_o weather_n to_o carry_v they_o over_o the_o flat_n the_o mark_n for_o the_o best_a ride_v ancorage_v mark_n for_o good_a ancorage_v be_v to_o bring_v a_o mill_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o wood_n near_o the_o seaside_n and_o st._n peterschurch_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o westgate-bay_n together_o there_o be_v also_o a_o shoal_n call_v the_o middleground_n at_o the_o cliff_n end_n middleground_n middleground_n which_o lie_v a_o little_a blow_n the_o hook_n near_o the_o shore_n on_o the_o southside_n on_o which_o there_o be_v but_o fourteen_o foot_n at_o low-water_n and_o on_o each_o side_n four_o fathom_n be_v a_o small_a narrow_a ridge_n and_o lie_v e._n n._n e._n and_o w._n s._n w._n in_o length_n three_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n the_o mark_n to_o keep_v you_o clear_a be_v to_o bring_v st._n peterschurch_n over_o the_o east_n side_n of_o westgate-bay_n or_o to_o bring_v the_o nethermost_a tree_n on_o the_o next_o high_a land_n to_o the_o westward_a of_o the_o reculver_n a_o little_a open_a to_o the_o southward_a this_o be_v also_o a_o good_a mark_n for_o the_o hook_n downward_o or_o from_o marget-sand_n upward_o marget-sand_n lie_v before_o margot_n and_o westgate-bay_n on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o channel_n the_o east_n end_n of_o this_o sand_n bear_v from_o marget-church_n north_n half_a westerly_a the_o mark_n to_o go_v clear_a of_o the_o east_n end_n be_v to_o bring_v marget-steeple_n and_o the_o windmill_n in_o one_o the_o depth_n you_o have_v along_o the_o sand_n as_o you_o turn_v up_o and_o down_o be_v at_o the_o east_n end_n and_o so_o upward_o 9_o 8_o 7_o 6_o 5_o fathom_n the_o great_a part_n of_o this_o sand_n dry_v at_o low-water_n if_o you_o be_v to_o turn_v up_o in_o the_o night_n between_o the_o main_a and_o marget-sand_n you_o shall_v find_v middle-ground_n middle-ground_n by_o keep_v of_o your_o lead_n two_o middle-ground_n upon_o the_o innermost_a middleground_n you_o shall_v have_v five_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a and_o to_o the_o southwards_o of_o it_o you_o shall_v have_v 6_o 7_o or_o 8_o fathom_n as_o the_o tide_n be_v high_a without_o the_o inner_a middleground_n you_o shall_v have_v 8_o 9_o or_o 10_o fathom_n and_o then_o you_o shall_v have_v 7_o or_o 8_o as_o the_o tide_n be_v and_o without_o that_o 9_o or_o 10_o fathom_n and_o when_o it_o come_v to_o shoal_n again_o you_o may_v be_v sure_a it_o be_v on_o the_o sand_n and_o likewise_o the_o shoal_v on_o the_o main_a within_o the_o inner_a middle-ground_n these_o middle-ground_n do_v reach_v up_o to_o the_o gore_n and_o the_o far_o you_o come_v to_o the_o westward_n the_o shoaler_n for_o they_o tail_n unto_o the_o searn_v and_o the_o dry-sand_n without_o it_o which_o be_v call_v by_o some_o man_n the_o girdler_n the_o mark_n to_o ride_v in_o marget-road_n the_o mark_n to_o ride_v in_o marget-road_n be_v to_o bring_v the_o mill_n and_o steeple_n together_o as_o far_o off_o the_o shoar_n as_o you_o please_v to_o anchor_n the_o great_a part_n of_o marget-sand_n dry_v at_o low-water_n from_o marget-town_n up_o to_o the_o cliff-end_n above_o birchington_n spit_v off_o several_a shoal_n place_n that_o must_v be_v take_v care_n of_o in_o turn_v up_o and_o down_o especial_o at_o high-water_n near_o margot_n stand_v no_o near_o the_o shore_n than_o six_o fathom_n and_o from_o westgate-bay_n upward_o in_o five_o fathom_n the_o mark_n to_o go_v clear_a of_o all_o the_o spit_v below_o marget-town_n that_o run_v off_o the_o shore_n on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o foreland_n be_v to_o keep_v the_o top_n of_o marget-steeple_n open_a above_o the_o land_n and_o fairness_n and_o whiteness_n on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o foreland_n the_o gore_n the_o gore_n be_v a_o road_n where_o ship_n use_v to_o ride_v when_o they_o have_v not_o wind_n and_o weather_n to_o sail_v over_o the_o flat_n this_o road_n be_v to_o the_o westward_a of_o the_o hook_n of_o marget-sand_n and_o to_o the_o eastward_n of_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o searn_v the_o mark_n for_o it_o ride_v mark_n of_o the_o best_a ride_v be_v to_o bring_v the_o mill_n on_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o wood_n near_o the_o seaside_n and_o st._n peterschurch_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o westgate-bay_n westgate-bay_n westgate_n bay_n be_v a_o road_n where_o ship_n do_v use_v to_o ride_v by_o reason_n there_o be_v more_o water_n and_o more_o drift_n and_o better_a ground_n for_o anchorhold_a than_o be_v in_o the_o gore_n the_o mark_n for_o it_o be_v to_o bring_v a_o windmill_n on_o a_o old_a house_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o bay_n in_o 7_o or_o 8_o fathom_n water_n direction_n to_o sail_n from_o margaret-road_n to_o the_o north-foreland_n and_o the_o mark_n for_o both_o channel_n in_o the_o down_n from_o margot_n steer_v down_o alongst_o the_o shore_n east_n and_o east_n by_o north_n as_o the_o wind_n be_v but_o come_v no_o near_o the_o shore_n than_o in_o 7_o or_o 8_o fathom_n for_o the_o spit_n of_o fairness_n lie_v far_o out_o fairness_n fairness_n but_o that_o depth_n or_o keep_v of_o marget-church_n a_o man_n height_n above_o the_o land_n will_v carry_v you_o clear_a of_o it_o when_o you_o have_v bring_v the_o south-foreland_n and_o the_o land_n of_o the_o down_n open_a then_o if_o the_o wind_n be_v westerly_a you_o may_v steer_v to_o the_o southwards_o alongst_o the_o shore_n in_o 5_o down_n mark_v to_o come_v into_o the_o down_n 6_o or_o 7_o fathom_n as_o you_o have_v the_o tide_n under_o you_o or_o your_o draught_n of_o water_n for_o you_o shall_v find_v divers_a bank_n or_o overfall_n where_o you_o shall_v sudden_o shoal_n a_o fathom_n sometime_o more_o and_o then_o deep_o again_o there_o be_v one_o that_o lie_v in_o the_o stream_n of_o five_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a at_o low-water_n on_o the_o which_o there_o be_v not_o above_o twenty_o foot_n this_o lie_v something_o to_o the_o northwards_o of_o broad-stairs-peer_n and_o likewise_o something_o to_o the_o southward_a of_o broad-stair_n there_o lie_v another_o in_o the_o stream_n of_o four_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a at_o low-water_n whereon_o there_o be_v not_o above_o fourteen_o foot_n also_o to_o the_o southward_a of_o that_o right_a against_o a_o green_a patch_n that_o show_v on_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o chalk-cliff_n as_o if_o it_o be_v stain_v with_o green_n there_o be_v another_o on_o which_o there_o be_v not_o above_o ten_o foot_n at_o low-water_n these_o you_o must_v be_v careful_a to_o shun_v if_o there_o be_v any_o strong_a tide_n they_o show_v themselves_o by_o the_o waste_n of_o the_o water_n as_o a_o overfal_n do_v and_o where_o it_o be_v smooth_a there_o it_o be_v shoal_a this_o sand_n be_v call_v the_o coleburn_n when_o you_o be_v so_o far_o to_o the_o southward_a that_o you_o can_v see_v the_o red_a tile_v house_n of_o ramsgate_n open_a of_o the_o cliff_n than_o you_o be_v clear_a of_o this_o shoal_n there_o be_v another_o shoal_n to_o the_o southwards_o of_o this_o brake_n mark_v of_o the_o brake_n which_o some_o man_n call_v the_o quern_n the_o thwart_a mark_n for_o the_o north-head_n of_o the_o brake_n be_v st._n lawrence-church_n which_o stand_v above_o ramsgate_n upon_o the_o north-cliff_n of_o ramsgate_n one_o sail_n breadth_n and_o the_o quern_n lie_v n.n.w._n from_o that_o a_o good_a birth_n with_o the_o say_a church_n two_o ship_n length_n or_o more_o upon_o the_o say_a cliff_n so_o that_o when_o you_o come_v to_o have_v the_o church_n but_o a_o ship_n length_n upon_o the_o cliff_n then_o if_o you_o will_v come_v into_o the_o inner-channel_n you_o must_v sail_v into_o the_o shore_n by_o your_o lead_n if_o it_o be_v thick_a weather_n that_o you_o can_v see_v your_o lead_a mark_n viz._n st._n margarets-church_n upon_o the_o south-foreland_n right_a over_o a_o chalk-pit_n that_o show_v white_a almost_o midway_n between_o waymor-castle_n and_o deal-castle_n or_o the_o say_a church_n two_o sail_n breadth_n without_o deal-castle_n and_o this_o mark_n will_v lead_v you_o direct_o through_o between_o the_o brake_n and_o quern_n and_o so_o into_o the_o down_n mark_n another_o mark_n but_o if_o you_o can_v discern_v the_o aforesaid_a mark_n than_o there_o be_v another_o near_a mark_n which_o be_v winsberry-church_n and_o a_o round_a tree_n not_o far_o from_o the_o church_n which_o stand_v up_o in_o the_o country_n to_o the_o southwestward_n of_o sandwich_n keep_v that_o church_n and_o tree_n between_o the_o two_o southermost_a steeple_n of_o the_o town_n of_o sandwich_n and_o this_o mark_n will_v lead_v you_o direct_o through_o the_o inner-channel_n and_o if_o so_o be_v you_o be_v force_v to_o turn_v through_o you_o may_v stand_v to_o the_o northwards_o until_o you_o bring_v the_o tree_n to_o the_o middle_a church_n and_o to_o the_o south-eastwards_a until_o you_o bring_v the_o steeple_n near_o unto_o st._n maries-church_n which_o be_v the_o eastermost_a church_n of_o sandwich_n and_o so_o you_o may_v turn_v between_o the_o brake_n and_o querns_n the_o thwart_a mark_n for_o the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o brake_n brake_n thwart_v mark_n of_o the_o brake_n be_v as_o aforesaid_a st._n laurence_n church_n on_o the_o point_n of_o the_o north-cliff_n or_o a_o wood_n end_v open_a and_o shut_v of_o the_o cliff_n next_o sandwich_n for_o the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o quern_n bring_v the_o mill_n near_o ramsgate_n to_o the_o northward_o of_o the_o say_a peer_n depth_n in_o the_o channel_n be_v two_o and_o a_o half_a three_o and_o a_o half_a and_o four_o fathom_n the_o near_a the_o break_v the_o deep_a to_o sail_v through_o the_o gull_n the_o gull_n be_v a_o channel_n that_o run_v between_o the_o goodwin-sand_n and_o the_o brake_n and_o therefore_o the_o mark_n to_o bring_v you_o through_o the_o down_n go_v to_o the_o northwards_o be_v these_o you_o must_v keep_v st._n margets-church_n which_o stand_v near_o the_o south-foreland_n on_o a_o piece_n of_o wall_n that_o be_v build_v near_o the_o three_o cliff_n to_o the_o northward_a of_o the_o south-foreland_n or_o else_o to_o bring_v the_o light-house_n in_o the_o south-swamp_n which_o mark_n will_v carry_v you_o through_o the_o gull_n and_o in_o the_o fair-way_n between_o the_o goodwin_n and_o the_o brake_n into_o 8_o 9_o and_z 10_o fathom_n water_n borrow_v on_o the_o brake_n in_o 7_o fathom_n and_o no_o near_o the_o bunt-head_n than_o 10_o fathom_n be_v bunt_n be_v and_o between_o the_o bunt-head_n and_o the_o north-sand-head_n in_o eight_o fathom_n finis_fw-la all_o sort_n of_o book_n and_o instrument_n belong_v to_o the_o art_n of_o navigation_n be_v make_v and_o sell_v by_o john_n seller_n the_o king_n hydrographer_n at_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o mariners-compass_n at_o the_o hermitage_n stair_n in_o wapping_n a_o chart_n of_o the_o seacoa_v of_o england_n flanders_n &_o holland_n show_v all_o the_o sand_n shoal_n rock_n and_o danger_n the_o bay_n roads_n harbour_v buoyes_n beacon_n and_o sea-mark_n on_o the_o say_a coast_n by_o john_n seller_n hydrographer_n in_o ordinary_a to_o the_o king_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o his_o shop_n in_o exchange-alley_n in_o cornhill_n and_o at_o the_o hermitage_n in_o wapping_n london_n ornat_fw-la mo_z consult_v moque_fw-la viro_fw-la d._n jos._n williamson_n equiti_fw-la aurato_fw-la in_o regni_fw-la comitijs_fw-la senatori_fw-la regiae_n majestati_fw-la ab_fw-la archivis_fw-la status_fw-la et_fw-la sanctiori_fw-la concilio_n a_o secretis_fw-la tabulam_fw-la hanc_fw-la qualem_fw-la qualem_fw-la l._n m._n d._n c._n q_o joh_n sellerus_n jo_n clark_n sculpsit_fw-la