Selected quad for the lemma: ground_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
ground_n	deep_a	fathom_n	sand_n	1,505	5	11.2012	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A81354	A Description & plat of the sea-coasts of England, from London, up all the river of Thames, all along the coasts to Newcastle, and so to Edinburgh, all along Scotland, the Orchades, and Hitland, where the Dutch begin their fishing. As also: all those parts over against us, as Norway, Denmarke, the Sound, Holland, and Zealand. VVith the depths and showlds about these places, in what depths men may see the land. Of the tides and courses of the streams about these foresaid places, with the courses and distances, and how these lands doe lye one from the other, and from other lands. ... Unto which is added: a list containing the monethly wages of all officers, sea-men, and others serving in the states ships at sea: ... Usefull not onely for sea-men and marchants, but for all that desire to know where our fleets lye, ... and where the land armies did lye.		1653 (1653)	Wing D1139; Thomason E703_17; ESTC R207165	35,864	51

run it along the River in the middle of the Channel betwixt both lands unto Gravesend For to saile into the River of London coming from the northwards For to sail into the River of Lond from the northwards you must come neer the coast to the northwards of Orfordnes which is to the northwards of all the sands there lye Albrough Dunwich Walderswike Sowle and Covehit all betwixt Orfordnes and Leystaf Covehit is a sharp steeple like as also Leystaffe but Sowle and Walderswyke Albrough and Orfordnes are all flat Steeples Sowle and Dunwich lye both upon the high land betwixt them both is a valley therein you may see Walderswike Sowle when you are thwart of it Dunwich Dunwich is the best to be known of all these foresaid places it hath two flat steeples and on both sides some trees To the soutwards of it lyeth Albrough Albrough which is also very good to be known it hath one high flat steeple with three mils the two stand to the northwards and the third to the southwards of Arbrough when you are thwart of it but sailing to the southwards they come all three to the southwards of it The Land without Albrough and to the southwards of it is very low flat and chindely land Betwixt Albrough and Dunwich about half wayes betwixt them lyeth a wood which is at both ends high and in the middest low with a saddle this you shall commonly see first when you fall with land thereabouts and is the best to be known for to know the coast by the land without it and to the southwards is very low flat chindely land Orfordnes About two leagues to the soutwards of Albrough lyeth Orfordnes betwixt them both stand also two woods of trees which shew themselves a far off like Castles or Towers Or fordnes is a flat steeple with a thick or broad castle which hath also a thick flat steeple almost of fashion like the steeple of Rarop open above with holes in it like Bellholes Before Dunwich you may anker there is good lying in eight or nine fathom somwhat soft ground Before Albrough is the best road of all the coasts thereabouts in six and seven fathom East from Albrough about two leagues Aelbrough Knock. lyeth Albrough Knock this is a sand which at low water is not deeper then seven or eight foot you may sound round about in five fathom but it is not good to come nearer it with sea winds you may discern it plainly by the breaking of the sea upon it but with landerly or westerly winds and fair weather the sea breaketh not upon it he that runneth thereby to the northwards with an ebb shall see it commonly ripple very much upon it like as upon most the English bancks and not indeed upon the bancks but against them for upon the showlds or middest of the banks is the smoothest water like as you find every where VVhen as Albrough is west from you Marks of Aelbrough Knock. and the two steeples of Orfordnes are one in the other there you shall find Albrough knock These are sure marks of that Sand. The Whiting or Whiting sand is somewhat a long small sand lying before Orfordnes and the chindely land to the southwards of Aelbrough and lyeth along the reach but the south end lyeth further from land then the north end there is at low water not above six or seaven foot water upon it Coming from the northwards men saile commonly to the westwards of it that is through betwixt the land and Whiting-sand towards the Naze Whiting sand Men may also saile along to the eastwards of it through betwixt Whiting-sand and the eastermost poynt of the Court or Court-sand which some doe call the Rib. The Court. The north end of the Whiting lyeth along close to the shore and lyeth from the steeples of Orfordnes southeast and by south it is so exceeding steep and needle too that you shall have the one cast nine the next cast five fathom and then you are no more but a ships length from it before you can heave the lead againe you shall be upon it When you sit with the foreship against it it is at the stern five or six fathom deep Along the inner side it is also every where so steep that you cannot sound it but on the outer side you may run along by it in five fathom upon the lead untill you come within the sands When as you come from the northwards and will saile through within the Whiting you must run close by the shoare and south w. about by the poynt of the chi●dle to the southwards of Aelbrough untill you come within the north poynt of the Whiting when the steeples of Orfordnes come to be north-west and by north from you then you are right thwart of the north poynt of the Whiting being within it goe againe more southerly to wit southwest and by south towards Balsy cliffe If you should fall to the southwards of Whiting or els coming from the southwards will saile in there to the northwards then bring the steeples of Orfordnes westnorthwest or northwest and by west but for all not more northerly then north-west from you and saile so right in untill you come by the Chindle strand then run in along by it as is before said and then you shall run far enough along to the northwards of the Whiting If you will saile in to the eastwards or the southwards of the Whiting then bring the steeples of Orfordnes north north-west or north-west and by north or northwest from you For to run in to the eastwards of the Whiting and saile in so right with them untill that the wood of trees that standeth upon the next poynt to the south-wards of Balsy cliffe come to Balsy cliffe which shall then stand about west-southwest from you keep that aforesaid wood to the southside of the cliffe and saile in boldly right with it and then you shall run right in the the faire-way in betwixt the Whiting and the tayle of Court-sand but if you bring the foresaid trees more then a hand-spikes length without the cliffe you shall not fail to run on against the poynt of the Court. That aforesaid wood of trees is very good to be knowne because thereabouts stand no other trees Or bring the steeple of Balsy w. s w. from you and saile in so right with it until you come by Whiting sand in five or six fathom and lead it in so by it upon the lead untill that you come by Balsy or that you get deeper water When you come near Balsy whether you be come in from the northwards or the southwards of Whiting sand you must keep somewhat off from the shore because of a little riffe or small tayle that shooteth off from the shore thwart of Balsy-cliffe which you must avoid somewhat with ships of great draughts there remaineth at low water upon it no more then two

fathome you may commonly perceive it well by the rippling of the tide You may also saile in to the southwards of the Ribb that is For to sail in at the channel through the Court. the taile of the Court or Court-sand thus bring the steeple of Balsy north north w. or a little more northerly from you and saile in so right with it and so you shall run in to the northwards or through the Court at a channell of eight fathome depth the east side of this channell is steep come no nearer it then eight fathome but by the west side you may run in about by the Court upon the lead untill you come within the sands Balsy hath a high flat steeple Balsy and lyeth somwhat within the land behind the cliffe when as you come from the northwards you may see Balsy to the northwards or the westwards of the cliffe but you saile it altogether behind the cliffe so that at last it cometh out againe to the southwards of it If you will saile to Harwich being past Balsy For to sail into Harwich then bring Balsy to that steep point to the southwards of Balsy where trees stand upon keep these marks so standing and run so along by the shoare untill that you be over the point of the Chindle the marks thereof are two high trees within the land when they are about N. n. west from you then they come one in the other with the steeple of Harwich and then you are right over the poynt of the Chindle and then you shall get deeper water four and five fathome or somewhat more against the highest water Run in then about by the poynt the channell lyeth in right N. but in the middest of the Havens mouth lyes a suncken rocky and stony ground which you must avoid you may saile in about it on both sides by the one shore or the other but along by the east shore it is best being within it you cannot saile amisse to take hurt if you doe not saile bluntly against the shore there you may ankor all over where you please before the Towne in five six and seven fathom You may well also goe further into the bight there it is clean every where The faraway betwixt Orfordnes or Whiting-sand and the Naze lyeth most s w. and by s and is six seven and eight fathom deep in turning to windwards you may run to the shore in five and four fathom but close to the sands it is deeper to wit eight nine and ten fathom the nearer the sands the deeper water But to saile from Balsy to the Naze The Naze you must mark the steeple of Balsy when it cometh within a Capstone-bars length neare to the s end of the cliffe then keep them so standing so long untill that the house upon the Maze come over the two fields which lye on against the Highland or come over a black head upon the sea-side saile then right in with them untill that the steeple of Harwich come to be n. n. w. from you in the little valley of a red cliffe leave then the first marks keep the steeple of Harwich in that little valley and goe on s s e. untill that the third poynt of the Naze come without the two other poynts so you shall run through betwixt the Naze and the Course there remaineth at low water no more then eight ten and at some places twelve foot water therefore it is not good to run through here unlesse that it be a quarter flood or with a ship of great draught at halfe flood there it is very uneven of ground rocky and stony The poynt of the Naze is very foule and uneven the nearer the shoare thwart of that poynt the showlder but the nearer the sands the deeper When that the third poynt of the Naze cometh without the two other poynts or the other land and that it doth againe begin to deep off to wit four or five fathom then goe southest somewhat southerly or southwest and by south unto the bye upon Longsand Thwart of the Naze is Long-sand very steep so that it cannot be well sounded with the lead by them that are not there very well acquainted Longsand but somwhat more to the southwards you may run along by it in four fathom and three fathom and a halfe untill that you get the buy upon Longsand in sight of you The n. shore to the southwards of the Naze is also flat you may run along by it also upon the lead without any danger The buy upon the Longsand lyeth in two fathome and an halfe Buyes upon Longsand the Spits at halfe flood you must leave it on the larboard side and the Buye upon the Spits on the starboard side which lyeth a little showlder they lye about south and be east and north and by west a musket shot one from the other The Course betwixt the two buyes is south-southeast and northnorthwest but you must reckon well your tids The Spits whether you run through there with a flood or with an ebb Upon the Spits betwixt the two buyes is at halfe flood at least three fathom and a halfe or almost four fathome in the right channell a little to the southwards of the buy upon the Spits stand two masts above the water of a lost ship which are good marks Whitakers Beakon Being over the Spits the course to Whitakers beakon is s southwest About halfe way betwixt them stand also two masts more on the same w. side Middle-plate and over against these masts lyeth a middle plate whereupon lyeth a buy on the west side the fareway is along to the west-wards of this middle-plate through betwixt that foresaid Buy and the Maste To the northwards of that foresaid Middle-plate goeth out a Channell by the south-side of Long-sand which you may saile out and in called the Kings deep If you come from Whitakers-beakon past the Middle-plate so far that you get sight of the buyes of Long-sand or Spits goe then boldly e. n. e. and n. e. and by east into sea or upon the lead along by Longsand but if you should run into sea to the s wards of the Middle-plate you should with an e. n. e. way saile within the Hook of the Mouse This Kings-deep is a ready Channell Kings deep and is used almost forall ships for to run out at For to run in at this channell out of the sea For to sail into the Kings deep then bring the poynt of the Naze northwest from you and saile in so with it untill that you come near Goemfliet or Longsand in five fathome goe in then along by it about west-south west and southwest and by west and keepe the sounding of Long-sand and so you shall not faile to run in sight of the buy upon the Spits and the foresaid masts to the southwards of it From Whitakers beakon to the Shoebeakon the course is s s w.

somewhat westerly coming thwart of the Shoebeakon Shoe beakon then lyeth the east poynt of Sheppy about s from you From the Shoebeakon the course is along s w. to the poynt of Blacktaile Blacktaile there runneth off a Hook which men might saile within coming from the northwards but if you keep from the shore in seven fathome you cannot take hurt of it but in five fathome you run within it The like Hook is also a little to the southwards of the Shoebeakon which you might unawares saile within coming from the southwards From Blacktaile to the beakon upon the Nore the course is w. s w. The Nore is a sand The Nore lying from the south poynt of the maine land of the River far to the eastwards therefore leave the beakon on the larboard side and goe on west along amidst the channel into the River betwixt both the lands as heretofore hath been said in the description of the Fishers deep From Aelbrough along by Dunwich to Covehit the coast lyeth north and by east somewhat easterly and south and by west or somewhat westerly five leagues but from Covehit or Leystaf north and south two leagues Aelbrough Dunwich and the sands lying thereabouts are described here before Betwixt Dunwich and Covehit lyeth the Haven of Sowle Sowle which is a little showld River a little within it divideth it selfe into three parts upon the northermost arm lyeth Sowle upon the middlemost Walderswyke and upon the souther most Dunwich Dunwich Covehit hath a high sharp steeple thwart of it lyeth a bank not far from land which falleth at low water but at halfe flood you may saile through betwixt it and the land in three fathome upon the outer side it is very steep so that you cannot come nearer it then nine or ten fathome When the steeple of Easton is westnorth west from you then you are to the southwards of the bank when the steeple of Covehit is s w. and by w. from you then you are to the northwards of it Two leagues to the northward of Covehit lyeth Leystaf Leystaff and two leagues more to the northwards of it lyeth Yarmouth The steeple of Leystaf is a high sharp steeple and standeth a great musket shot within the land from the houses so that in sailing along you may bring the steeple on both sides of the houses Off from Leystaf begin the bank or Holins of Yarmouth lye along to the n. wards past Yarmouth until thwart of Winterton there goe divers marks for those that are there acquainted you may saile through within these banks off from Leystaf untill past Winterton If you run through from before Leystaff within these banks then look out for the fire-beakon For to come within the banks of Yarmouth which stands by Leystaf which at two little white houses the one standeth beneath upon the chindle on the sea-side and the innermost upon a little Hammock somewhat further within the land When they come to the southwards they shew themselves to the northwards of the Towne but come at last thwart of it In the night there is alwayes fired upon them for to saile in there also by night Bring these foresaid fire-beakons n. w. and by north or somewhat more northerly from you and saile in so right with them either by night or by day the Church of Leystaf cometh then to the southwards of the Towne over a Countrey House by the water side when you come against the Channell there is at low water no more then three fathome depth keep these foresaid fire-beakons one in the other or bring the innermost rather a little northwards of the outermost for to avoid a little plate which lyeth on the south-side of the Deep but the Channell is indifferent wide run untill you come against the strand in two fathome and an halfe or two fathome so neare as you will or can and goe then up northwards along by the shore you shall then being sailed a little to the northwards meet with a flat whereupon remaineth at low water lesse then two fathome depth with laden ships you must ankor before that flat and stay for high water it floweth there about eight foot up and downe so soon as you are over the flat it will be five six and seven fathom deep edge then to the shore and saile toward it and then you come before the Brew-house there is the road where you may ankor in four five and six fathome from thence n. wards towards Yarmouth along the shore is all over good ankoring and good ground About an English mile Haven of Yarmouth or somewhat more to the s wards of the Towne Yarmouth is the Haven of Yarmouth it hath two wooden heads where you must saile in betwixt them both against the highest water when the strongest of the flood is spent at halfe flood it is dangerous because of the strongest tide which should lighlty carry you into the bight Road before Yarmouth against the shoare against your will it is also best to run in along by the southerhead there it is deepest At Yarmouth in the road men doe commonly ankor to the northwards of the Heaven right thward of the Towne in five six seven or eight fathome the nearer you ankor to the sands the deeper water you shall have but all good sand and soft ground If you will saile into the road of Yarmouth through the Holmes then bring the sharp little steeple that standeth to the northwards of Yarmouth within the land over the broad Castle or bring the Mill to the north side of the Towne Keep these marks so standing and goe in so west n. west you shall find in this channell not lesse water then eight or nine fathome at halfe flood This channel is called S. Nicholas channell S. Nicholas channell On the north side it is deepest being come in the road is right before the Towne in five and six fathome Thwart or over against the Haven of Yarmouth goeth also a channel through the Holms for to saile in through there coming to the southwards then bring Southon on the north side of the Haven the great tree betwixt Northen and that flat little house or Castle saile in right with them and keep these marks so standing untill that you be within the Holmes within them lyeth a plate on the starboard side a little to the n. wards of the Haven called the Middle-ground you may saile about it on both sides on the inner side in five fathome but towards the Holms or about to the eastwards of it in eight and nine fathome From Yarmouth to Winterton the coast lieth n. and by w. and n. n. w. two leagues If you will saile from Yarmouth forth through within the banks to the n. wards saile along by the land and keep the sounding of the shore in five six and seaven fathome untill that you have the two fire-beakons which stand a little to

the northwards of the Castor one in the other saile then right with them either by day or by night in the night there is fired upon them you shall so run over a flat through betwixt two buyes which lye each of them upon a taile of a sand saile boldly in with the foresaid fire-beakons untill that you come againe near the shore in five or six fathom being come by the shore run then again along by it and keep the sounding thereof as before all along untill you come before Winterton Thwart of Winterton runneth off a dangerous riffe which is dangerous to saile about by night Riffe of Witerton or Winterton Nesse if men doe come too near it which is upon the end so steep that in three fathom or two fathom and a halfe you shall not be a ships length off from it but when as you coming from the southwards keep your selfe in six or seven fathom then you cannot saile too near to it To the s wards of that riffe upon the land standeth a fire-tower which is very good to be known with a fire-beakon and also a little white house when these come one in the other then you are thwart of the point of the riffe To the northwards of this riffe upon the Land stand two white fire-beakons whereupon there is fired by night for to avoyd this riffe When as you come thwart of the point then are these also one in the other so that these doe serve for thwart marks and the other to the southwards of them for long marks for those that will saile about it from the southwards Coming from the n. wards along the shore in five or six fathom untill you come by the fire-beakons upon the n. side you must keep somewhat off from the shore before they come one in the other or else you should run on against the riffe When they are one in the other they stand s w. and by west from you and when as the high fire-beakon to the southwards of Winterton cometh to be s w. somewhat more westerly from you then you are thwart of the point of the riffe you may not also run about far within that riffe for then you should lightly be foule to the grounds to the eastwards of it especially when you come from the northwards for there it is not very wide betwixt them both From Winterton to Haesbrough poynt the course lyeth n. w. three leagues Betwixt Haesbrough and the Admirals house stands a ruinous Tower upon the strand when as you keep it and the steeple of Haesbrough one in the other coming from the northwards then you run right upon the point of the foresaid riffe Four leagues without the land lyeth Winterton sand the s end thereof lyeth about e. and the n. end n. e. from Winterton Thwart of Admirals house not far from the shore lyeth also a little plate where no ships can goe over but if you goe in fix or seven fathom you cannot saile too near it you may also run through in two fathom betwixt this plate and the land From Haesbrough to Cromer the Coast lyeth along north-west and by west and west-north-west three or four leagues Of the Depths and Showlds about these Plates and in what Depths men may see the Land Five or six Leagues n. and by e. and n. n. e. from the n. Forland or from Marget lyeth a bank called Kentish Knock upon it is three fathom water being by it you may even see the Land from below Five Leagues n. e. from this bank it is twenty fathom deepe N. e. and by n. from the North Forland nine or ten Leagues and about e. from the Naze eight leagues into the sea lyeth a bank called the Galloper of five six and seven fathom depth The Westrocks is a stony ground lying between the Court and Longsand where is no more then two fathom water at a halfe flood Without that sand or Harwich five Leagues from the Naze it is 20. and 22. fathom deep being there you may see the Land Thwart of Orfordnes you may see the Land from below in two and twenty fathom Five or six Leagues without Leystaff and Yarmouth s e. and by e. into sea it is 27. and 28. fathom deep there you may see the Land Four leagues e. and by s from Land without the Holms of Yarmouth lyeth a bank called the Newsand which is not deeper then two fathom E. n. e. at least seven Leagues from Land thwart of Yarmouth it is 15. fathom the ground red grosse sand with little round stones being there you may even see the Land from below Thwart of Winterton and Cromer seven or eight leagues from the Land it is 18 and 19 fathom deep and there you may see the Land Winterton sand lyeth 4 or five leagues from land n. e. from Winterton What Moon maketh High-water at these places At the North Forland a north and south Moon maketh High-water Within the Thames a s and by e. Moon Before the Thames at Harwich and Orfordnes a s s e. Moon At Leystaff and Yarmouth a s s e. Moon maketh High-water Without the banks of Yarmouth and before Cromer a s e. Moon maketh full sea Betwixt the Banks of Harwich and the Holmes of Yarmouth the flood falleth s and the ebb n. Thwart of the banks of Winterton and Cromer the flood falleth s s e. and the ebbe n. n. w. Of the Tides and Courses of the Streames From the n. Forland the flood falleth to the Roculvers and over the Brakes w. s w. and w. and by s Without about Goodwin towards Kentish Knock the flood falleth n. and by w. and n. n. w. there cometh the flood also against it from the n. wards and meet one another by the Gallopper with very great rippling and noyse whereof this bank is also called the Gallopper and falleth to the westwards into the sands and channels and also to the eastwards towards Flanders Betwixt the n. Forland and Orfordnes the stream falleth without the sands s and by e. and s s e. When you are to the n. wards of the Gallopper then you can reckon no ebbe then that which runneth along England to the n. wards the streams fall there all along the Coasts To the s wards of the Gallopper the ebbe goeth to the contrary to the s wards and the flood to the n. wards Courses and Distances From the n. Forland to the n. end of Good wine the Course is s and by e. One great league From the n. Forland to Kentish Knock n. e. and by e. and n. n. e. 4 or 5 l. From thence to the Orfordnes n. 12. l. From the n. Forland to the Gallopper n. e. and by n. 9. l. From the Gallopper to Orfordnes n. n. w. 9 or 10. l. From the n. Forland to the Wielings the Course is e. somewhat northerly about 27. l. From the n. Forland to the Mase the Course is e. n. e. or somewhat more easterly about 33.

l. From the n. Forland to the Tessel or Marsdiep n. 45. l. From the Naze or Harwich to the Mase e. 29. l. From Orfordnes to Tessel e. n. e. 39. l. From yarmouth to Leystaff to Waloheren or the Wicklings southeast and s e. and by s 38. or 40. l. From the point of Cromer or Schield to the Tessel the Course is e. 40. or 42. l. Of the Heights of these Lands The North Forland lyeth in 51 deg 25. min. Orfordnes lyeth in 52 deg 12 min. The Second Demonstration In which The Coasts of England are set forth between Cromer and Orkney THe land lyeth from Cromer to Bornum first w. n. w. and w. and by n. and then west and west and by s 9. or 10. leagues From Cromer to Blakeney it is three or four leagues Blakeney At Blakeney standeth a high steeple which you may see along farre over the Land when it cometh to the little steeple then you have the first buy of the channell which lyeth at the s end of the Pole which is a sand at the w. side of the Channell of Blakeney go from the first buy to the other and along by them untill you come within the Haven this is a Tide-Haven where men doe lye dry at low water Four leagues to the westwards of Blakeney lyeth Wels Pol and Pyper betwixt them both lyeth the foresaid showld called the Poll and Pyper there it is showld a far off at Sea At the west end of this showld goeth in the Deep of Wels the beakons that you must saile in along by stand all along by the Pyper When Hoebrom standeth east-south-west from you then you are to the westwards of the Pyper thwart of it is good road in six fathom Wells Wels lyeth then southeast from you and the trees stand then also against the steeple then you may saile open into the Haven of Wells along by the foresaid beakons Betwixt Wels and Bornum lieth a bank you may ride under it in five or six fathom at halfe flood there is upon it no more then two fathom water He that will saile into Bornum Bornum must goe in at high water and he must bring the steeple against the Black-house and saile so in by the beakons leaving them on the larboard side These are all Tyde-havens From Bornum to Chappell the course is west-south-west two leagues Chappell to the northwards of it lyeth the Sonck which is a sand that falleth dry at low water You may saile about it on both sides of the Sonck unto Lin. The Sonck For to saile into the Easter channel of Lyn Easter channell of Lyn. then saile about to the eastwards of the Sonck and bring the wood of trees over the point of Sitsein or Suytson and Chappell east from you then goe in s e. and by s and you shall find the first buye then in s and by w. and s s w. and by little and little more westerly untill you come about the point there the buyes and beakons shall shew you the way When you come about the point then you may run through the sands into the northern channell and saile out againe by the same into sea by the buyes and marks that are thereof This norther channell lyeth into sea n. e. and n. e. and by east and is very well buyed and beakoned You may also saile into the westwards of the Sonck Wester channell of Lyn. to wit south and by east in all along by it and so run to the first buye and then from the buye along by the beakons unto Lyn before the Towne When you come from the eastwards you may well run through within the Sonck along by the land close along by Chappell and in south and by west unto the foresaid first buye For to saile from Cromer or Blakeney Boston deep to Boston deep you must goe on west and by north untill you come by the land betwixt the Hommor and Lagernesse From the Sonck lyeth a long bank called the Flats The Flats north into sea a league which at low water falleth dry at divers places You run with the foresaid west and by North Course when you are by Cromer or Blakeney a little without the land along without or to the northwards of this bank at high water you may well goe over it the ground on the east side goeth up flat and plaine run boldly to it without fear untill you come in four or three fathom he that useth his lead can take no hurt of it but on the inner side that is on the west side it is very steep so soon as you be over the showldest you shall get suddenly deep water and good sand ground under it or within it it is good riding for easterly winds For to saile into Bostom deep For to sail into Boston deep through within the Knock or Elleknock you must keep the sounding of the shoare in foure or five fathom so long untill that the poynt of Lagarnes be west-north-west from you Betwixt the shoare and Elleknock remaineth at low water five fathom in the middest of the channell Elleknock but Elleknock falleth dry at low water When that Lagernesse is west-northwest frrom you then goe on south-east through betwixt Elleknock and the showld which shooteth off from the shoar to the westwards Lagernesse untill that you get againe depth of six or seaven fathom in this going over remaineth at low water no more then two fathom but it floweth there about three fathom up and downe Being over it Longsand then goe on south-west along betwixt Longsand and the showld which lyeth off from the shoare there it is deep betwixt them both nine and ten fathom you may sound both sides as well the showld which lyeth off from the Land as Longsand in five fathom but the flat is somewhat steeper then Longsand For to saile without Elleknock into Bostons deep coming as is before said to the west land Ingoldmils you must look out for the two steeples of Ingoldmils standing somwhat to the northwards of Lagernesse bring them one in the other and then they shall stand about north-north-west from you keep them one in the other and goe on south-east untill that the trees upon the poynt by west Lagernesse come without the poynt of Lagernesse and then you run through betwixt Elleknock and Dogshead that is a showld without Elleknock when these aforesaid trees come a handspikes length past Dogs head or to the eastwards of the poynt of Lagernesse then goe on south-west and then you run right into the deep betwixt Elleknock and Longsand and so you shall find betwixt Elleknock and the poynt of Longsand five fathom depth being past Elleknock it will be eight nine and ten fathom deep If you will saile out of the sea into Boston deep and not along by the Land as is before said then bring the foresaid trees a handspikes length without the

Island lye two sunken rocks which at low water come very near Goldstone Plough even within the water the westermost towards the Holy Island is called the gold stone the eastermost by the Staples is called the Plough For to avoid them when you will saile through betwixt the Staples and the Holy Island whether you come from the s wards or the n. wards then bring the steeple of Toustenbrough over the Castle of Bambrou and keep them so standing then you shall run through betwixt them both this channel lyeth so through n. e. and s w. From the outermost end of the Staples to S. Abbens head the Course is n. w. seven or eight leagues From Holy Island to S. Abbens head it is n. n. w. seven or eight leagues S. Abbens head To the n. wards of S. Abbens head men do run in unto Lieth and to Edenbrough in Scotland S. Abbens head and the Island Bas lye e. and w. four leagues asunder The Island May and S. Abbens head n. w. and s e. four great leagues May and Bas lye one from the other s w. and by w. and n. e. and by e. three leagues and a halfe The Bas. The Bas is a high round Rock clean round about which you may saile along by on both sides Betwixt the Rock and the s shore it is ten and twelve fathom deep but the common faire way is along to the n. wards of it Between S. Abbens head and the Bas it is most part a clean Coast but without ankor ground The Island May is greater then the Bas and also very cleane round about Island May. except on the e. side there it is foule From S. Abbens head along to the n. w. of the Bas the course is w. and by Nore and w. n. w. four leagues and from n. by the Bas to Inchkieth w. and w. and by n. about five leagues Inchkieth Between the Bas and Inchkieth by the s shore lye many rocks little Islands and foul grounds where at divers places is road but not to be used but by them which are there very well acquainted Inchkieth and the Island May lye s w. and by w. and n. e. and by e. seven great leagues asunder Inchkieth is somewhat a long smal Island a league to the n. wards of it lyeth an out-point on the n. Coast called Kingornesse Kingornesse before it and about it lye some little Rocks under water but a little to the e. wards of the point is good ankor ground and road for westerly winds Between that point and the Island May or the point of Fifines on the n. shore lye divers little havens whereof some of them doe also yield out Coals but are little or nothing used by the Hollanders On both sides of the Inchkieth is good ground and good lying as well for w. or e. winds From Inchkieth to Lieth it is s e. a league Lieth Before Lieth about half an English mile from the shore lyeth a Rock upon which standeth a Mast with a crosse or some other thing of wood upon the top of it for a Beakon At high water the sea floweth over it and at low water it falleth dry With a spring tide at low water men may go on foot to it From the e. side of that Rock lyeth off a Riffe almost unto Inchkieth You may also run through to the s wards of Inchkieth betwixt that foresaid riffe on the s shore but it is not to be done but by them which are there exceeding well acquainted there it is altogether full of rocks and foule ground When as you saile in to the n. wards of the Inchkieth you must leave the foresaid Mast on the larboard side and run about to the n. wards of it and then towards the s shore and ankor about halfe an English mile by w. Lieth and also halfe an English mile from the shoare in six seven or eight fathome Lieth is the Haven of Edenburgh a tyde Haven which falleth dry at low water From Lieth to Queens Ferry there lye on both sides many Rocks some above and some under water Queens Ferry In the Narrow before Queens Ferry lyeth a little Island called Inchgrave which you must run along to the n. wards of on the s side it is with a stone bank where men may goe over at low water fast to the maine land along to the n. wards of it is clean and deep Within that little Island lye Caryn and other places more where men doe lade Coales Under the e. side of the point to the n. wards of Queens Ferry is good road in two three or four fathom according as you lye far from the shore A league n. from the Island May lyeth the point of Fifsnes Fifsnes lying from S. Abbens head n. w. and by n. five great leagues from thence to Dondee it is n. n. w. five leagues Dondee is a good Haven Dondee which goeth in betwixt two high lands being within men doe ankor before the Towne Farther in upon the River lyeth another Town called S. Johns which you may goe up to at high-water S. Johns Between the point of Fifsnes and Dondee lyeth also the Baye of S. Andrewes there is also good ankor ground S. Andrewes Four great leagues n. and by e. from the point of Fifsnes and n. e. from S. Andrewes Inchkap lyeth a great Rock called the Inchkap which the sea floweth over at high water and at low water it falleth so dry that the Fishermen goe upon it Seven leagues to the n. wards of Dondee lyeth Monros Monrosse a good Haven First you must saile in there amidst the Channel and then edge up to n. wards and ankor before the Towne Betwixt Dondee and Monrosse lyeth an out point called Redhead Redhead about a great league to the s wards of Monrosse There standeth a high Tower upon the Land called Albrot From Monrosse to Stone-bay Stonebaey or De Torre the Course is n. e. and by n. four leagues This is a deep bay and a good Haven for those that are bound to the s wards where men may lye land-lockt with many ships Three leagues to the n. wards of it lyeth Aberdine Aberdine in this Havens mouth it is three fathom deep The w. point is somewhat foule therefore you must run in by thee land untill you come within the Haven and ankor before the Town in four or five fathom Up to the n. wards is a great Bay but is showld on both sides There goeth through a little Creek towards old Aberdine which is an old ruinous Towne From Aberdine to booknesse the Course is n. n. e. 12 or 13 leagues Booknes Betwixt them both lieth a tide-haven Booknesse is a high Hill and lyeth upon the s side of the point To the n. wards of Booknesse lyeth a Bay as a Haven called Spy Spy or Spilaers from thence the land lyeth in w. and w. s

to the w. side of Hartlenope then shall also the two foresaid high lands come within a handspikes length near one to the other saile in right with them and so you shall run right into that new channel along through that aforesaid land and come against the buye upon the sands on the s side of the Deep again in the right fareway When that you get againe deeper water or have the two fire-beakons on the n. side one in the other then goe in towards them and further as hath been before said About seven leagues to the n. wards of the Teese lyeth the River of Sonderland a little to the n. wards of the Paps which are very good marks for to know the land by thereabouts When the Paps are s s w. from you and that you are about an English mile from the land then you are right before the River of Sonderland the ground is there about indifferent clean but somewhat stony you may ankor there in four five and six fathome On both sides as well on the n. point as the s point of the River it is stony On the n. point standeth a Beakon in the water there you must run in within a little ships length along by it being past that you shall get deeper water to wit a fathom and a halfe and two fathome at low water but upon the barre remaineth no more then three foot with a common spring and high water there is about two fathome and a halfe or a little more After this aforesaid first depth of a fathome and a half Sonderland or two fathom you shall meet again with a stony floore about three ships length broad upon it is at high water about eleven or twelve foot deep according as the Tides shall run being over it there it is againe deeper A little past that is a narrow place where a long ship shall scarce be able to wend within it it is wide enough and every where good ground From the Teese to Tinmouth the Course n. n. w. eight or nine leagues Tow leagues to the fourth wards of Tinmouth lyeth the point of Sonderland but close to the s wards of Tinmouth goeth in the river of Newcastle From the point of Tinmouth shooteth off a ledge of rocks you must saile in by it leaving it on the starboard side The marks for to saile into the River are two fire-towers or fire-beakons which stand upon the n. shore bring them one in the other or the innermost that is the highest a little to the n. wards of the outermost or lowest and saile so right in along by the aforesaid ledge of rocks on the n. side and so you shall have upon the showldest two fathome at halfe flood a s w. Moon maketh there full sea The s shoare is flat you may lead it in there with the sounding pole for ships that goe not deep in ten foot at halfe flood When you come within run all along by the n. shoare until past the little Town Sheels edge then over to the other shoare untill you come through the crooked reach there the river lyeth up againe to the n. wards and then to the s wards to Hawke-bil and about by it to the Towne Newcastle Seven or eight leagues to the n. wards of Tinmouth Bly lyeth the Cock Island betwixt them both about halfe wayes lyeth a River called Bly where the French men do much saile to fetch Coale From the n. point of this River runneth off a ledge of rocks a great shot of a cast piece about s e. into the sea but the s side and the Coast to the s wards of it is very clean and sand-strand Upon the s point stand two Beakons if you will sail in there bring them one in the other and sail right in with them and then you can take no hurt of the foresaid ledge or riffe of the n. poynt When that you come by or thwart of the outermost of the two foresaid Beakons you shall see there by it another smaller Beakon that standeth upon a little ledge of rocks that shooteth off from the s point leave that on the larboard side and run in along close about n. wards of it The foresaid ledge of rocks on the n. side remaineth at high water a good wayes from the land and also at a spring tide above water within it is a bight there it is good lying for a n. or n. e. wind and there remaineth at low water two fathome depth In the mouth of the River it is with an ordinary tide and high-water about two fathome deep or somewhat more and it floweth there two fathome up and downe so that at low water it falleth almost altogether dry The Cocker Island is a very little Island Cocker Island and not high it lyeth about a halfe league from the land you may come to an ankor in it for an e. s and s e. wind but the wind coming to the n. wards of the e. maketh there a bad road for you must lye betwixt the Island and the maine land where you have no shelter for a n. wind On the s side of the Island the ground is foul and a little to the s wards of the Island runneth off a foul ledge of rocks from the shore untill thwart or past the Island He that cometh from the s wards must keep the Coast of Bambrough without the Island or else he should not faile to saile upon the point of that foresaid ledge Betwixt the ledge and the Island it is also very narrow so that a man standing at low water mark upon the rocks of this ledge should almost be able to cast with a stone to the Island For to sail in there take heed unto these marks hereafter described There standeth a house upon the sea-side which is a Salt-kettle and also a Castle somewhat further in within the land which doth shew it selfe high enough bring them one in the other and then they shall stand somewhat more n. then w. from you and run in so right with them and so you shall run in amidst the channell between both being come within edge up behind the Island and ankor there in five or six fathom Staples About this Island there run also many more divers little Rivers into the land but they fall most dry at low water From the the Cocket Island to the Staples the Course is n. n. w. eight or nine leagues The Staples that are high Islands rocks right to the e. wards of Bambrough lying at least three leagues from the land n. e. into sea a little to the n. wards of them lyeth the Holy Island Holy Island to the s wards or the w. wards of the Holy Island is a Bay where you may lye landlockt almost for all winds against the Castle is the best road you may also run in there from the s wards through betwixt the Staples and the maine land Betwixt the Staples and the Holy

poynt of Elgyn west 10 l. From the poynt of Elgyn to the Haven of Rosse or Luvernesse w. and by s somewhat southerely 7 l. From Cape de Terbate to Catnes n. e. and by n. 16 l. From Booknes to Elhoy w. n. w. 5 l. From Booknes to Catnes n. w. and n. w. and by n. 21 l. From Booknes to the Orkanes n. and by w. 26 l. From Booknes to Hanglip or the s end of Hitland n. and by e. 53 l. From Booknes or Scuytenes e. and by n. 69 l. From Booknes to the Naze e. somewhat s 88 or 90 l. From Booknes to Bovenbergen in Jutland e. by s 104 l. From Booknes to Holy land s e. by e. easterly 123 l. From Booknes to the Tessel s e. southerly 125 l. From Booknes to the Holmes before Yarmouth s s e. somewhat easterly 96 l. From Aberdine to the Holmes before Yarmouth southeast and by south 93 l. Heights Yarmouth lyeth in 52 degrees 52 minutes The n. point of the Hommer of Hull in 53 d. 20 m. Flambrough-head lyeth in 54 d. 5 m. Scarbrough in 54 d. 12 m. Tinmouth or the River of Newcastle in 55 d. S. Abbens head in Scotland in 56 d. 12 m. Booknes lyeth in the height of 75 d. 50 m. Catnes in 58 d. 32 m. The greatest or the outermost Island of the Orkneyes in 59 d. 8 m. The Third Demonstration Wherein Are set forth the Coasts of Fairhill Hitland and the Islands thereabout as also the Island of Fero and some Islands behind the Northwest corner of Scotland THe Island Fairhill lyeth from the e. point of the Orkanes n. w. and from Booknes n. and by w. about 37 leaguer Fairhill On the w. side of Fairhil is at some places foul ground but upon the s e. side is good ankor there you may ankor every where Fulo lyeth from Fairehill n. w. and n. ten leagues Fulo betwixt them both lyeth the southermost point of Hitland lying from Fairhill n. n. e. seven or eight leagues and from Fulo e. and by s four leagues The s w. Coast of Hitland to wit from the southermost poynt to the n. w. point lyeth northwest and by north seven or eight leagues On the same s w. side over against the Island Fulo lyeth a Sand-bay where men may ankor but on the e. side of this bay it is somewhat foule From that northwest or west poynt off to the n. end the land of Hitland lyeth north-east and south-west seventeen or eighteen leagues Two leagues to the n. wards of the foresaid w. point lyeth the Haven of S. Magnus S. Magnus which is a broad Sound within it is good ankor ground in sixteen or seventeen fathom depth according as you shall be far within the land On the north side lyeth a high Rock which you mustrun in to the southwards of And on the s side lyeth two or three Rocks which you must leave on the starboard side when you saile in there Even to the eastwards about the s poynt of Hitland lyeth a faire Sand-bay where you may ankor in twelve or thirteen fathom from thence to Hanglip the Course is n. e. somwhat westerly nine or ten leagues Betwixt Hanglip and the south point lyeth an Island Hanglip which you must sail about on both sides within it lyeth Hambrough Haven or the Scottish Haven which is a lade place for the Hamburgers and Scots There lyeth also a high steep point to the s wards of Hanglip Hambrough Haven to the southwards of it men doe run into Broad Sound the chiefest Haven of all Hitland which is deep hath clean ground there men doe lye handlockt for all winds From the Broad Sound lyeth a Sound in along to the northwards Broad Sound through the land which cometh out againe into the Sound to the northwards and so maketh an Island of the land whereupon the high hill Hanglip lyeth When as you will saile in there from the northwards that is to the northwards of Hanglip you must run in nearest by the south shore and edge to it betimes In this channell betwixt both lands lye two Islands or Rocks the greatest lyeth nearest the north shoare and the smallest nearest the south shoare betwixt them both lyeth also a suncken Rock which at low water is uncovered and at High water you may know it by the breaking upon it When as you will saile in here you must leave the foresaid greatest Rock with the suncken Rock on the starboard side and the smallest Rock on the larboard side there is upon the showldest three fathom and a half water Within this Haven lye also two Havens at the n. point which lye into the land where is good lying When as you will sail from this foresaid Haven through within unto the Broad Sound you shall meet scarce half wayes with a Rock from which lyeth off a riffe towards the west shoare thwart of it you must run close along by the west shoare for to avoid that riffe To the northwards of Hanglip the land of Hitland lyeth n. n. and by e. and n. n. e. at last north and at some places you may saile in through Hitland especially to the northwards of Hanglip where a faire broad Sound lyeth northwest through there is good ankor ground to find at some places for those that are there acquainted From Hanglip to the n. e. point of Hitland the Course is n. n. e. ten leagues there lye some out-rocks called the Out-scares From thence along to the n. point of Hitland Out-scares the Course is n. about four leagues A little about the east point goeth in a fair Haven called Bloem Sound lying in south-west Bloem sound On the west side lyeth a long Rock you must sail in to the eastwards of it and ankor a little within the Haven it is there within all clean sand ground and good lying Bloem sound lyeth in first as hath been said south-south-west afterwards south and south and by east on both sides is good ankor ground there you may sail altogether through and come out againe through Jellesound into sea about the Island Fero. The greatest and chiefest Islands of Fero Names of the Islands of Fero are 12 in number as Suydro Satrdo Moggenes Wage Stromo Ostro Calso Cuno Bordo Wydro Sreyno and Fulo The little Islands of Fero are ten as Little Dymen Stoer Dymen Schuyvo Dalifles Hesden Trallo Colster Moggesholme the Monk and the Bishop Besides these are yet some Rocks and little Islands to seven or eight in number The southermost great Island called Suydro Suydro lieth most south-rast and north-west about seven or eight leagues At the s e. end of this Island lieth a high Rock called the Monk Monk Somby or Sombie after the name of the first or south-ermost Haven in Suydro Betwixt the Monk and the s e. end of the Island Suydro is a Race or Well which men must avoid especially with