Selected quad for the lemma: ground_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
ground_n	deep_a	fathom_n	sand_n	1,505	5	11.2012	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A14624	The mariners mirrour wherin may playnly be seen the courses, heights, distances, depths, soundings, flouds and ebs, risings of lands, rocks, sands and shoalds, with the marks for th'entrings of the harbouroughs, havens and ports of the greatest part of Europe: their seueral traficks and commodities: together wth. the rules and instrume[n]ts of navigation. First made & set fourth in diuers exact sea-charts, by that famous nauigator Luke Wagenar of Enchuisen and now fitted with necessarie additions for the use of Englishmen by Anthony Ashley. Heerin also may be understood the exploits lately atchiued by the right Honorable the L. Admiral of Engla[n]d with her Maties. nauie and some former seruices don by that worthy knight Sr. Fra: Drake.; Spieghel der zeevaerdt. English	Waghenaer, Lucas Janszoon, 1534 or 5-1606.; Ashley, Anthony, Sir, 1551-1628.; Bry, Theodor de, 1528-1598, engraver.; Hondius, Jodocus, 1563-1612, engraver.; Ryther, Augustine, engraver.	1588 (1588)	STC 24931; ESTC S122236	118,075	186

n.e._n and_o by_o e._n from_o derley_n to_o cape_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr hague_n it_o fall_v s.s.e._n from_o cape_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr hague_n to_o aldernay_n n.e._n in_o the_o rasse_n of_o blanquert_n it_o fall_v n.e._n from_o dierley_n to_o the_o casket_n it_o fall_v e._n and_o w._n from_o garnsey_n to_o the_o casket_n it_o fall_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o tide_n east_n southeast_n and_o the_o rest_n n.e._n at_o the_o sept_n isle_n the_o flood_n fall_v e._n and_o by_o s._n from_o the_o sept_n isle_n to_o s._n pol_n alongst_o the_o shore_n e._n &_o by_o s._n from_o s._n pol_n to_o the_o fourne_n it_o fall_v e._n and_o by_o s._n from_o the_o fourne_n to_o s._n mathews_n point_n s._n and_o by_o e._n in_o the_o bresont_n between_o vshant_n and_o the_o seam_n e.n.e._n in_o the_o ras_n of_o fontenay_n the_o flood_n fall_v thwart_v over_o the_o rock_n call_v the_o empress_n and_o make_v a_o very_a great_a noise_n and_o tumble_v on_o the_o bank_n call_v the_o calf_n furthermore_o upon_o all_o the_o coast_n of_o poictou_n gascoigne_n biscay_n gallicia_n portugal_n and_o spain_n it_o fall_v always_o right_a of_o and_o on_o to_o and_o fro_o forasmuch_o as_o of_o late_a day_n many_o skilful_a and_o experience_a navigator_n and_o shipmaister_n have_v most_o earnest_o travayl_v to_o find_v out_o a_o sure_a and_o perfect_a way_n whereby_o with_o the_o help_n of_o some_o certain_a sign_n or_o instrument_n aswell_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o place_n from_o east_n to_o west_n as_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o pole_n between_o south_n and_o north_n may_v in_o sail_v be_v secret_o know_v yet_o have_v bring_v nothing_o to_o light_v more_o than_o what_o long_o ago_o be_v well_o know_v to_o our_o ancestor_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o use_n of_o certain_a instrument_n which_o in_o this_o thing_n be_v uncertain_a though_o very_o good_a and_o perfect_a in_o that_o use_n to_o the_o which_o they_o be_v first_o make_v and_o see_v that_o by_o they_o all_o there_o be_v not_o discover_v any_o hide_a way_n in_o the_o firmament_n by_o the_o which_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o place_n may_v certain_o be_v observe_v and_o use_v i_o will_v not_o at_o this_o time_n make_v any_o mention_n thereof_o but_o defer_v it_o till_o a_o fit_a and_o more_o commodious_a time_n that_o i_o may_v then_o discover_v to_o all_o man_n what_o i_o know_v therein_o wherefore_o i_o will_v entreat_v all_o those_o that_o happy_o may_v find_v this_o strange_a in_o a_o matter_n of_o such_o weight_n and_o importance_n not_o to_o be_v greeve_v thereat_o but_o patient_o expect_v that_o which_o remain_v a_o exact_a description_n of_o the_o depth_n and_o sounding_n near_o the_o diverse_a province_n of_o our_o navigation_n and_o first_o of_o gascoigne_n poictou_n and_o britain_n without_o garumna_n the_o river_n of_o bourdeaux_n there_o be_v 14._o fathom_n depth_n but_o when_o you_o come_v within_o sight_n of_o cordam_n tower_n but_o 30._o fathom_n over_o against_o the_o coast_n of_o poictou_n 16._o league_n without_o oleron_n you_o have_v 25._o faith_n depth_n but_o come_v near_o the_o land_n of_o poictou_n 8._o league_n from_o the_o shore_n you_o have_v 35._o fathom_n in_o the_o channel_n between_o porthuis_n and_o heys_n it_o be_v 30._o fathom_n deep_a and_o asmuch_o in_o the_o channel_n of_o heys_n as_o also_o between_o heys_n and_o belile_n be_v the_o same_o depth_n without_o the_o channel_n it_o be_v 35._o fathom_n deep_a but_o within_o be_v 25._o fathom_n only_o without_o heys_n two_o kenninge_n off_o there_o be_v find_v 45._o fathom_n 22._o league_n southwards_o of_o belile_n you_o have_v 70._o fathom_n but_o nine_o league_n from_o the_o northwest_o point_n of_o that_o island_n towards_o the_o south-west_n be_v 60._o fathom_n depth_n and_o over_o against_o the_o midst_n of_o belile_n in_o 40._o fathom_n depth_n you_o shall_v see_v land_n in_o your_o course_n between_o belile_n and_o the_o seem_v you_o may_v come_v no_o near_a then_o 50._o or_o 45._o fathom_n if_o you_o sail_v from_o belile_n west_n and_o by_o north_n when_o you_o be_v against_o gloyland_n you_o shall_v find_v 60._o fathom_n depth_n without_o and_o within_o the_o rock_n which_o stand_v off_o gloyland_n to_o the_o seawarde_n you_o have_v 40._o fathom_n water_n in_o 65._o fathom_n depth_n without_o the_o west_n penmarque_v you_o may_v sail_v northwest_o and_o by_o west_n without_o the_o seem_v but_o by_o night_n come_v no_o near_o then_o in_o 55._o fathom_n for_o the_o ground_n be_v gross_a and_o red_a sand_n full_a of_o round_a flint_n half_o a_o league_n west_n southwest_n of_o the_o seem_v be_v a_o ledge_n of_o rock_n where_o you_o have_v 7._o fathom_n depth_n but_o between_o the_o seem_v and_o the_o rock_n there_o be_v 50._o fathom_n water_n in_o the_o channel_n between_o the_o seem_v &_o heissand_n call_v vshant_fw-mi you_o have_v 55._o faith_n depth_n the_o ground_n be_v gross_a red_a sand_n mingle_v with_o little_a round_a stone_n red_a and_o black_a near_o to_o vshant_n there_o be_v 45._o fathom_n but_o within_o it_o be_v of_o a_o unequal_a and_o variable_a depth_n southwestwardes_o almost_o six_o league_n off_o vshant_n you_o have_v 70._o fathom_n and_o the_o ground_n be_v fine_a white_a sand_n mingle_v with_o little_a white_a shell_n and_o other_o small_a thing_n like_o needle_n and_o then_o be_v vshant_n east_n from_o you_o but_o if_o the_o sand_n be_v gross_a and_o white_a mingle_v with_o great_a and_o white_a shell_n then_o be_v it_o southeast_n to_o you_o but_o if_o you_o doubt_v of_o these_o ground_n go_v northerly_a if_o your_o sound_n be_v deep_a than_o you_o be_v towards_o the_o seem_v if_o not_o so_o deep_a then_o be_v you_o in_o the_o channel_n almost_o north_n of_o vshant_n between_o ushant_n and_o obeurac_n in_o the_o trade_n it_o be_v 60._o fathom_n deep_a between_o ushant_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o silly_a or_o sorlinge_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o channel_n there_o be_v 70._o fathom_n depth_n if_o you_o sail_v between_o the_o seem_v and_o vshant_n in_o 70._o fathom_n water_n the_o ground_n will_v be_v of_o little_a black_a stone_n easy_a to_o be_v break_v and_o of_o yellow_a earth_n or_o clay_n but_o if_o you_o find_v red_a and_o hard_a sand_n go_v northward_o till_o you_o happen_v on_o white_a sand_n mingle_v with_o long_o strike_v and_o then_o without_o doubt_n you_o sail_n in_o the_o channel_n if_o set_v from_o cizarga_n you_o sail_v n._n northeastward_o in_o the_o spanish_a sea_n towards_o vshant_n and_o find_v yourself_o in_o 80._o fathom_n you_o be_v 14._o or_o 15._o league_n off_o vshant_n but_o come_v near_o you_o shall_v have_v 70._o fathom_n water_n and_o be_v 10._o league_n distant_a of_o vshant_n but_o if_o you_o find_v the_o ground_n to_o be_v yellow_a shell_n &_o little_a black_a stone_n then_o be_v you_o towards_o the_o seem_v wherefore_o you_o must_v with_o the_o tide_n bear_v off_o northward_o to_o shun_v vshant_n until_o you_o find_v white_a sand_n and_o thing_n like_o needle_n for_o such_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o the_o channel_n between_o vshant_n and_o the_o i_o will_v base_a when_o you_o sail_n at_o 4._o fathom_n water_n you_o be_v 4._o league_n off_o the_o shore_n but_o by_o night_n come_v no_o near_o than_o 25._o fathom_n when_o you_o be_v two_o league_n off_o obcurac_n you_o shall_v find_v 25._o fathom_n depth_n but_o 8._o league_n off_o the_o sept_n island_n you_o have_v 55._o fathom_n a_o league_n without_o the_o rock_n of_o obeurac_n there_o be_v a_o blind_a or_o hide_a rock_n so_o that_o if_o you_o be_v to_o sail_v upon_o a_o board_n between_o the_o fourn_v and_o obeurac_n come_v no_o near_a that_o blind_a rock_n than_o 40._o fathom_n but_o eastwardes_o you_o may_v sail_v in_o 30._o or_o 25._o fathom_n if_o a_o ship_n sail_v west_n southwest_n and_o south-west_n and_o by_o west_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o silly_a or_o sorlinge_n at_o 80._o fathom_n water_n be_v find_v by_o the_o crossestaffe_n or_o the_o astrolabe_n to_o be_v under_o 49._o degree_n and_o 15._o minute_n of_o altitude_n she_o be_v 26._o league_n from_o land_n and_o must_v go_v east_n and_o by_o north_n till_o she_o get_v 66._o fathom_n water_n for_o then_o certain_o she_o be_v in_o the_o channel_n between_o the_o isle_n of_o silly_a and_o vshant_n and_o then_o if_o she_o be_v bind_v for_o england_n she_o must_v sail_v more_o northward_o and_o between_o the_o land_n end_n and_o the_o lilard_n she_o shall_v have_v 55._o fathom_n depth_n a_o diligent_a description_n of_o the_o soundinge_n and_o ground_n between_o ireland_n england_n and_o normandy_n three_o league_n without_o the_o isle_n of_o dorsey_n under_o ireland_n it_o be_v 45._o fathom_n deep_a in_o the_o channel_n between_o dorsey_n and_o cape_n clear_a be_v 42._o or_o 43._o fathom_n the_o channel_n from_o cape_n clear_a to_o the_o

island_n of_o saltees_n have_v 45._o fathom_n but_o two_o league_n off_o ireland_n it_o have_v but_o 40._o between_o the_o isle_n of_o saltees_n and_o milford_n it_o be_v 44._o fathom_n deep_a &_o between_o londay_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o silly_a 38._o faith_n in_o the_o mid_a way_n between_o the_o isle_n of_o silly_a and_o milford_n it_o be_v 44._o fathom_n deep_a but_o plain_a north_n of_o silly_a 40._o and_o 42._o fathom_n near_o england_n by_o the_o land_n end_v the_o channel_n be_v of_o 50._o fathom_n depth_n a_o ship_n that_o come_v from_o cape_n finisterre_n sail_v north_n north-east_n if_o she_o have_v 80._o fathom_n sound_v she_o be_v 20._o league_n off_o the_o shore_n and_o the_o ground_n be_v small_a black_a stone_n mingle_v with_o great_a red_a sand_n in_o the_o same_o course_n when_o you_o have_v but_o 60._o fathom_n water_n you_o be_v within_o 12._o or_o 14._o league_n off_o the_o shore_n yet_o shall_v you_o not_o so_o soon_o ken_v land_n as_o you_o will_v think_v for_o you_o shall_v a_o great_a while_n have_v 60._o faith_n depth_n for_o it_o be_v at_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o channel_n about_o the_o isle_n of_o silly_a between_o vshant_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o silly_a the_o channel_n be_v 70._o fathom_n deep_a on_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o silly_a the_o ground_n be_v small_a red_a stone_n and_o fine_a white_a sand_n over_o against_o the_o lizard_n and_o falmouth_n 4._o league_n from_o shore_n it_o be_v 52._o fathom_n deep_a betwixt_o foy_n and_o plymouth_n sound_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o channel_n it_o be_v 60._o fathom_n deep_a between_o the_o lizard_n and_o the_o start_n bear_v no_o near_o the_o shore_n than_o 35._o fathom_n you_o may_v cast_v anchor_n in_o the_o trade_n or_o channel_n in_o 25._o fathom_n and_o so_o shall_v you_o lie_v within_o the_o foreland_n stream_n between_o plymouth_n and_o the_o sept_n isle_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o channel_n it_o be_v 55._o fathom_n deep_a but_o 4._o league_n south_n south-west_n of_o plymouth_n it_o be_v but_o 35._o fathom_n south_n southeastward_o of_o the_o midland_n of_o the_o start_n it_o be_v 45._o fathom_n deep_a but_o from_o thence_o 5._o or_o 6._o league_n southeast_n you_o have_v 54._o fathom_n in_o the_o channel_n between_o the_o casket_n and_o portland_n it_o be_v 40._o fathom_n deep_a &_o a_o league_n northward_o off_o the_o isle_n of_o alderney_n be_v a_o hole_n or_o pit_n 80._o fathom_n deep_a all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o channel_n between_o portland_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o alderney_n be_v of_o equal_a depth_n viz._n 40._o fathom_n when_o you_o be_v within_o kin_v of_o portland_n your_o sound_v be_v 34._o fathom_n and_o 3._o league_n off_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n 36._o fathom_n as_o also_o two_o league_n eastward_o of_o beachy_a between_o picardy_a and_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n the_o channel_n in_o the_o midst_n be_v 38._o fathom_n deep_a between_o winchelsey_n and_o picardy_a 24._o fathom_n the_o shall_v between_o the_o head_n call_v the_o vrowen-sand_n have_v but_o three_o fathom_n depth_n and_o a_o half_a but_o on_o the_o southside_n of_o it_o there_o be_v 24._o fathom_n and_o in_o all_o the_o fair_a way_n betwetne_n zealand_n and_o dover_n it_o be_v 24._o fathom_n deep_a a_o perfect_n description_n of_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o north_n sea_n from_o england_n foreland_n or_o the_o mouth_n of_o flaunders_n in_o the_o channel_n and_o course_n from_o england_n fore-land_n and_o sand_n of_o flaunders_n you_o have_v 24._o fathom_n depth_n but_o three_o league_n northwest_o and_o by_o west_n of_o the_o country_n of_o zierickze_n there_o be_v a_o shall_v common_o call_v borbreck_n which_o have_v 4._o fathom_n depth_n without_o this_o shall_v the_o channel_n of_o zealand_n be_v 26._o fathom_n deep_a northwest_o of_o harlem_n 8._o or_o 9_o mile_n within_o the_o sea_n there_o begin_v a_o shelf_n common_o call_v the_o breed_n verthien_n reach_v alonge_v the_o coast_n of_o holland_n to_o the_o plain_n of_o ameland_n where_o it_o end_v over_o against_o harlem_n and_o egmond_n be_v 13._o 14._o and_o 15._o fathom_n depth_n and_o the_o ground_n be_v of_o all_o oase_n mingle_v with_o black_a sand_n like_a unto_o mustardseed_n the_o say_a shelf_n or_o shall_v have_v 15._o 16._o or_o 17._o fathom_n depth_n between_o texel_n and_o vlieland_n where_o the_o ground_n be_v gross_a red_a sand_n 6._o or_o 7._o league_n from_o shore_n for_o there_o the_o shall_v be_v narrow_a than_o it_o be_v towards_o the_o southend_n the_o channel_n without_o the_o shall_v between_o zealand_n and_o texel_n be_v 26_o fathom_n deep_a even_o as_o far_o as_o the_o shall_v which_o the_o fisher_n call_v doggsant_a in_o the_o channel_n on_o england_n side_n over_o against_o yermouth_n be_v 32._o fathom_n depth_n but_o right_o against_o flamborough_n and_o scarborough_n point_n 38._o fathom_n whereas_o the_o white_a shelf_n common_o call_v doggsant_n begin_v reach_v into_o the_o north_n sea_n to_o the_o channel_n of_o helichland_n this_o shall_v where_n it_o be_v within_o ken_n of_o flamborough_n point_n have_v but_o 9_o or_o 10._o fathom_n depth_n but_o when_o in_o the_o same_o sand_n you_o find_v 12._o fathom_n depth_n then_o texel_n be_v from_o you_o south_a almost_o 30._o league_n but_o when_o you_o be_v come_v to_o 16._o fathom_n depth_n then_o be_v you_o within_o 21._o league_n south_n southeast_n of_o vlieland_n a_o ship_n that_o come_v from_o the_o riff_o find_v 18._o faith_n depth_n on_o the_o foresay_a sand_n be_v then_o 20._o league_n south_n and_o by_o east_n of_o vlieland_n but_o come_v to_o 22._o fathom_n must_v then_o sail_v towards_o the_o vlie_a s._n and_o by_o westward_o and_o south_n southwestward_o but_o if_o in_o the_o channel_n of_o helichland_n 24._o 26._o fathom_n depth_n be_v find_v then_o must_v you_o sail_v south-west_n and_o s.w._n and_o by_o s._n and_o then_o be_v you_o come_v to_o the_o scellinghe_n but_o when_o as_o in_o helichland_n sound_v you_o have_v 27._o fathom_n then_o be_v you_o altogether_o to_o the_o eastward_n of_o it_o between_o the_o riff_o &_o the_o shall_v call_v doggersant_a the_o channel_n be_v 26._o faith_n deep_o without_o the_o channel_n westward_n it_o be_v 32._o faith_n deep_a a_o ship_n that_o come_v out_o of_o the_o english_a strait_n or_o out_o of_o zealand_n have_v at_o the_o riff_o 24._o fathom_n depth_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o noes_n in_o norway_n 18._o league_n almost_o north_n and_o by_o east_n but_o have_v 20._o fathom_n be_v 16._o league_n from_o it_o northward_o and_o find_v but_o 18._o fathom_n be_v then_o 18._o league_n off_o it_o north_n and_o by_o west_n the_o course_n from_o thence_o to_o the_o holmes_n be_v 12._o league_n north_n and_o by_o e._n and_o from_o thence_o towards_o the_o point_n of_o scakghens_n 18._o league_n northeast_n and_o by_o east_n there_o be_v a_o rock_n of_o one_o only_a fathom_n depth_n stand_v north-east_n and_o north-east_n and_o by_o east_n of_o the_o holmes_n two_o league_n from_o the_o shore_n the_o depth_n of_o the_o northern_a ocean_n near_o unto_o jutland_n and_o ameland_n in_o the_o sea_n without_o jutland_n a_o mile_n distant_a from_o dodenberg_n there_o be_v a_o bank_n call_v reef-horn_n stretch_v out_o 8._o league_n w._n &_o by_o s._n which_o in_o some_o place_n have_v but_o three_o fathom_n depth_n &_o in_o some_o place_n may_v be_v sail_v over_o and_o become_v a_o road_n for_o a_o northwest_o and_o a_o north_n wind_n in_o 20._o fathom_n depth_n from_o ameland_n towards_o the_o sea_n the_o ground_n be_v gross_a sand_n red_a and_o black_a mingle_v with_o shell_n from_o thence_o sail_v southward_o in_o 16._o fathom_n three_o hour_n you_o shall_v come_v to_o the_o smooth_a sea_n of_o ameland_n where_o your_o ground_n be_v fine_a sand_n mingle_v with_o shell_n north_n from_o schellinghe_n in_o 24._o fathom_n depth_n be_v find_v altogether_o fine_a white_a sand_n and_o afterwards_o in_o 18._o fathom_n white_a and_o black_a sand_n mingle_v vlieland_n have_v white_a sand_n mingle_v with_o shell_n and_o thin_a black_a sand_n in_o 16._o fathom_n depth_n from_o the_o west_n end_n of_o vlieland_n be_v great_a &_o red_a sand_n mingle_v with_o black_a like_o unto_o mustardseed_n about_o 6._o or_o 7._o league_n from_o the_o shore_n at_o the_o east_n end_n of_o schellingh_n to_o the_o seaward_n at_o 18._o fathom_n water_n be_v find_v fine_a white_a sand_n mingle_v with_o black_a have_v in_o it_o thing_n like_o needle_n over_o against_o borckom_n in_o the_o wester_fw-ge ems_n at_o 17._o or_o 18._o fathom_n depth_n land_n may_v be_v see_v the_o ground_n be_v of_o gross_a gravel_o sand_n at_o 14._o fathom_n depth_n may_v ameland_n be_v ken_v but_o schellingh_v at_o 16._o fathom_n and_o vliland_n at_o 15._o or_o 16._o fathom_n water_n any_o man_n may_v by_o night_n

trust_v to_o these_o measure_n at_o the_o north_n hooke_n of_o texel_n land_n may_v be_v see_v at_o 16._o fathom_n depth_n holland_n be_v see_v at_o 14._o or_o 15._o faith_n water_n when_o you_o sail_n within_o the_o shall_v call_v the_o breed_n veerthiene_n which_o begin_v at_o the_o northwest_o of_o harlem_n and_o stretch_v alongst_o the_o coast_n of_o holland_n to_o the_o west_n end_n of_o vliland_n and_o be_v 7._o or_o 8._o league_n distant_a from_o the_o shore_n the_o soundinge_n and_o ground_n of_o jutland_n near_o the_o point_n of_o the_o cimbrian_o common_o call_v schagen_n or_o schaw_n a_o great_a league_n west_n and_o by_o north_n from_o the_o schaw_n be_v 35._o fathom_n depth_n north_n north-east_n a_o great_a league_n of_o the_o corner_n of_o this_o point_n be_v find_v 38._o fathom_n depth_n and_o when_o the_o point_n be_v northwest_n from_o you_o than_o you_o have_v 17._o fathom_n water_n between_o this_o point_n and_o lesou_n the_o channel_n be_v 20._o faith_n deep_o and_o the_o ground_n like_o clay_n or_o dirt_n betwixt_o anhout_n and_o waersberg_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v 22._o fathom_n water_n between_o lesou_n and_o anhout_n the_o ground_n be_v firm_a and_o stony_a near_o waersbergh_n be_v a_o shall_v of_o 17._o fathom_n depth_n between_o anhout_n and_o col_n be_v another_o shall_v of_o 17._o fathom_n where_o sometime_o it_o be_v troublesome_a like_o a_o whirepoole_n the_o depth_n and_o ground_n of_o the_o balthic_n or_o eastern_a sea_n between_o oeland_n and_o gothland_n the_o soundinge_n be_v unequal_a sometime_o of_o 20._o sometime_o of_o 23._o faith_n the_o ground_n of_o black_a and_o stony_a gross_a sand_n like_a unto_o pea_n when_o the_o south_n end_n of_o oeland_n be_v two_o league_n distant_a from_o you_o westward_n you_o have_v 27._o fathom_n water_n where_o also_o you_o may_v commodious_o gage_v water_n but_o when_o the_o chapel_n in_o sudernoorden_n bear_v west_n northwest_o off_o you_o then_o have_v you_o 31._o fathom_n depth_n and_o ground_n fit_a to_o gage_v water_n over_o against_o the_o rock_n in_o the_o fair_a way_n be_v 52._o fathom_n and_o a_o clay_n ground_n but_o fit_a for_o gage_v between_o the_o great_a and_o lesser_a carla_n you_o have_v 14._o faith_n depth_n under_o which_o be_v safe_a road_n for_o ship_n there_o be_v a_o shall_v between_o houburg_n &_o ostergard_n contain_v 24._o faith_n depth_n the_o ground_n be_v great_a red_a sand_n but_o hardly_o from_o thence_o can_v you_o ken_v gothland_n out_o of_o the_o top_n there_o be_v also_o to_o the_o eastward_o another_o shall_v of_o 36._o faith_n depth_n which_o when_o you_o be_v past_a you_o have_v more_o than_o 40._o fathom_n water_n when_o the_o point_n of_o right_n be_v 3._o league_n southeast_n from_o you_o then_o have_v you_o 30._o fathom_n depth_n but_o when_o it_o be_v from_o you_o half_o a_o league_n south_n southeaster_o you_o have_v 15._o fathom_n the_o ground_n be_v white_a sand_n but_o when_o it_o bear_v west_n a_o small_a league_n from_o you_o than_o you_o shall_v find_v 16._o fathom_n water_n over_o against_o heel_n half_a a_o league_n from_o the_o shore_n it_o be_v almost_o 32._o fathom_n deep_a the_o road_n for_o ship_n at_o heel_n have_v 25._o fathom_n depth_n between_o moan_n and_o falsterborn_n be_v 14._o fathom_n depth_n between_o stead_n and_o falsterborn_n in_o the_o very_a channel_n it_o be_v but_o 12._o faith_n deep_o near_o falsterborn_n it_o be_v full_a of_o shoalde_n but_o near_o sted_n you_o have_v 13._o fathom_n water_n between_o drakerriff_n and_o southolman_n which_o be_v more_o shoaldie_n there_o be_v 5._o fathom_n depth_n want_v two_o foot_n from_o thence_o towards_o the_o sound_n it_o be_v sometime_o deep_o as_o 6._o 7._o 8._o 9_o or_o 10._o fathom_n a_o description_n and_o portrait_n of_o the_o great_a parte_fw-la of_o the_o seacoaste_n of_o europe_n for_o asmuch_o as_n these_o particular_a sea_n chartes_n which_o i_o have_v set_v forth_o of_o the_o western_a eastern_a and_o northern_a navigation_n with_o the_o rest_n which_o i_o hope_v hereafter_o at_o the_o first_o opportunity_n to_o publish_v have_v their_o original_n and_o beginning_n from_o this_o general_a chart_fw-la of_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o europe_n wherein_o you_o may_v plain_o perceive_v how_o the_o particular_a country_n be_v annex_v and_o join_v each_o to_o other_o and_o every_o one_o of_o they_o in_o his_o right_a place_n distance_z point_n of_o compass_n degree_n minute_n etc._n etc._n i_o have_v therefore_o think_v necessary_a to_o place_v this_o general_a table_n or_o portrait_n at_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o this_o book_n before_o all_o the_o rest_n to_o the_o end_n you_o may_v thereby_o the_o better_a seek_v and_o find_v out_o the_o particular_n observe_v the_o order_n and_o method_n of_o this_o book_n think_v it_o needless_a to_o make_v any_o large_a discourse_n thereof_o for_o the_o use_n of_o sail_a consider_v that_o the_o particular_a description_n with_o their_o chart_n be_v take_v out_o of_o this_o general_a and_o enlarge_v do_v very_o sufficient_o teach_v &_o show_v both_o the_o country_n themselves_o &_o their_o commodity_n so_o they_o be_v right_o examine_v accord_v to_o the_o true_a art_n of_o navigation_n employinge_v therewithal_o such_o necessary_a instrument_n as_o appertain_v thereunto_o a_o short_a instruction_n of_o the_o form_n and_o fashion_n of_o buy_v beakon_v and_o other_o mark_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v set_v for_o shoaldes_n sand_n or_o hide_a rock_n as_o they_o be_v mark_v in_o the_o particular_a chartes_n of_o the_o fliestreame_a eemse_n weeser_n the_o ell_n meersdiep_n and_o the_o maze_n upon_o all_o the_o river_n and_o stream_n of_o holland_n friesland_n and_o zealand_n the_o buy_v at_o the_o upper_a end_n be_v round_o and_o great_a and_o at_o the_o low_a end_n small_a and_o sharp_a like_a unto_o this_o mark_n 1_o be_v make_v black_a with_o pitch_n or_o tar_n lie_v for_o the_o most_o part_n upon_o the_o right_a hand_n in_o sail_v out_o &_o on_o the_o lefthand_n in_o come_n in_o and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n for_o sand_n flat_n &_o shoalde_n do_v common_o stand_v the_o beakon_v and_o other_o high_a and_o more_o apparent_a mark_n make_v of_o oasyers_n after_o this_o manner_n 2_o that_o they_o may_v be_v the_o far_a of_o perceave_v and_o where_o there_o be_v danger_n of_o point_n of_o rock_n sand_n &_o shoalde_n that_o stand_v out_o there_o be_v that_o you_o may_v shun_v they_o white_a ton_n or_o buy_v make_v after_o this_o fashion_n which_o do_v always_o he_o upon_o the_o contrary_a side_n of_o the_o foresay_a black_a buy_v the_o eye_n mark_n whereby_o you_o may_v assure_o find_v these_o buy_v and_o other_o mark_n be_v sufficient_o declare_v in_o the_o description_n before_o each_o chart_fw-la but_o you_o must_v understand_v that_o the_o buy_v and_o mark_n be_v herein_o note_v as_o they_o wear_v anno._n 1582._o moreover_o because_o the_o depth_n and_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n do_v yearly_o shift_v and_o change_v their_o place_n both_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o uncertainty_n and_o instability_n of_o the_o sandy_a ground_n and_o for_o that_o the_o entringe_n and_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n do_v daily_o wax_v wide_a &_o broad_a therefore_o these_o stream_n be_v to_o be_v try_v by_o sound_a and_o to_o be_v sail_v in_o with_o skilful_a and_o experience_a pilot_n &_o master_n the_o land_n mark_n place_v at_o the_o entry_n of_o river_n i_o have_v for_o straightness_n of_o room_n mark_v thus_o but_o where_o there_o be_v false_a road_n &_o ground_n fit_a for_o anker_a i_o have_v set_v down_o this_o form_n of_o a_o anchor_n the_o figure_n which_o be_v place_v in_o all_o haven_n river_n stream_n &_o channel_n aswell_o in_o the_o main_n sea_n as_o elsewhere_o upon_o all_o the_o shoalde_n sand_n &_o rock_n do_v signify_v the_o depth_n of_o the_o place_n as_o 1._o 2._o 3._o 10._o 12._o fatham_n &_o so_o forth_o which_o be_v always_o to_o be_v understand_v at_o half_a flood_n or_o ebb_v the_o little_a cross_n mark_v in_o this_o manner_n †_o along_o the_o coast_n near_o island_n and_o elsewhere_o betoken_v hide_a and_o dangerous_a rock_n of_o which_o you_o must_v careful_o beware_v and_o where_o the_o double_a cross_n be_v there_o lie_v great_a rock_n cover_v with_o the_o water_n these_o mark_n in_o the_o chartes_n be_v make_v thus_o a_o general_n card_n &_o description_n of_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o europa_n and_o navigation_n in_o this_o book_n contain_v semper_fw-la eadem_fw-la honi_fw-fr soit_fw-fr qvi_fw-fr mal_fw-fr y_fw-fr pense_fw-fr spqr_n judocus_fw-la hondius_n fe_o a_o true_a description_n of_o the_o vlie_n and_o the_o marsdeep_a two_o of_o the_o notable_a river_n of_o all_o holland_n from_o the_o northern_a unto_o the_o southern_a sea_n he_o that_o will_v sail_v from_o the_o north_n sea_n up_o to_o amsterdam_n or_o

buy_v be_v right_a against_o bilenburghe_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o there_o have_v you_o also_o a_o other_o buy_v now_o keep_v on_o south_n southeast_n from_o rugerorie_n to_o the_o buy_v upon_o stadersand_fw-mi leave_v the_o buy_n on_o the_o starboard_n and_o the_o fisher_n stake_n on_o the_o larboard_o side_n from_o thence_o to_o the_o buy_v in_o the_o channel_n call_v willern●_n vliet_n or_o luy_fw-fr southeast_n and_o southeast_n and_o by_o south_n and_o so_o to_o the_o buy_v of_o terloo_n east_n southeast_n and_o from_o thence_o hold_v eastward_o to_o the_o buy_v in_o hanneball_n but_o from_o hanneball_n you_o must_v ply_v towards_o the_o buy_n upon_o the_o shall_v call_v blanckenewsand_n east_n and_o east_n and_o by_o north_n keep_v this_o buy_v answer_v to_o the_o great_a tree_n upon_o blancknewsand_n hale_v northward_o alongst_o the_o shore_n to_o the_o fysh_a place_n and_o from_o thence_o edge_n southeast_n to_o the_o buy_v that_o lie_v upon_o bucht_a so_o to_o ecchour_n east_n by_o north_n and_o where_o you_o have_v 3._o or_o 4._o fa_o water_n as_o your_o course_n lie_v the_o ell_n have_v xiiii_o or_o xv_o fa._n without_o the_o channel_n and_o a_o little_a from_o scorton_n buy_v lie_v honts_n balch_v stretch_v inward_o for_o the_o most_o part_n south_n southeast_n and_o south_n and_o by_o east_n to_o the_o beacon_n which_o stand_v on_o the_o west_n side_n but_o without_o it_o be_v wide_a &_o large_a and_o serve_v for_o small_a vessel_n to_o pass_v by_o the_o shall_v call_v wadt_n into_o the_o weser_n between_o the_o weser_n &_o honts_n balch_v be_v two_o other_o road_n call_v balgen_n if_o you_o be_v distress_v about_o the_o southern_a shoald_n call_v sudergronden_n sail_n to_o they_o in_o five_o or_o six_o fa._n water_n &_o after_o hale_v alongst_o by_o they_o but_o when_o you_o shall_v have_v find_v a_o great_a depth_n viz._n viij_o or_o ix_o fa._n and_o that_o you_o gauge_v water_n you_o be_v come_v to_o the_o other_o shoalde_v they_o lie_v both_o inward_n east_n southeast_n and_o all_o the_o shore_n may_v be_v sound_v until_o you_o have_v a_o safe_a road_n within_o the_o shoalde_n the_o southern_a or_o western_a shall_v call_v breebalge_n lie_v a_o ken_n from_o the_o new_a work_n if_o you_o will_v sail_v into_o the_o weeser_n shape_n your_o course_n towards_o the_o island_n call_v wrangeroaghe_n in_o seven_o fathom_n water_n then_o edge_n north-east_n till_o you_o have_v x._o or_o xi_o fathom_n depth_n where_o lie_v the_o uttermost_a buy_fw-mi north_n northwest_n of_o menser_n church_n and_o at_o the_o outermost_a part_n or_o end_n of_o red_a sand_n from_o thence_o hold_v on_o to_o the_o five_o buy_v eastward_o which_o lie_v at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o red_a sand_n and_o north_n and_o by_o east_n of_o menser_n church_n on_o the_o north_n side_n thereof_o begin_v the_o middle_n shall_v call_v the_o midleplate_n between_o which_o and_o the_o white_a ground_n you_o may_v pass_v with_o your_o plummet_n in_o four_o fathom_n water_n to_o go_v to_o the_o ell_n for_o the_o shoalde_v call_v white_a ground_n be_v but_o three_o or_o four_o fathom_n deep_a the_o flood_n set_v into_o this_o channel_n or_o course_n by_o the_o red_a sand_n southeast_n and_o the_o ebb_n contrariwise_o from_o the_o buy_v at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o shall_v to_o the_o buy_v that_o lie_v in_o the_o main_a channel_n or_o way_n southeast_n and_o southeast_n and_o by_o south_n and_o in_o the_o same_o way_n lie_v also_o a_o other_o buy_v and_o the_o course_n from_o the_o true_a deepth_n to_o the_o buy_v call_v nolletton_n be_v south_n east_n somewhat_o more_o easterly_a and_o this_o buy_v lie_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o high_a way_n call_v the_o hoog_n wegh_o and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o buy_v in_o bolsserfile_v southeast_n a_o little_a more_o southerly_a from_o thence_o to_o the_o wicker_n mark_v call_v the_o bolbaecken_fw-mi south_n southeast_n which_o be_v past_o you_o shall_v find_v a_o other_o beacon_n where_o you_o have_v good_a harbour_n for_o a_o west_n wind_n from_o the_o mark_n call_v bolbaecken_v to_o the_o buy_v in_o the_o open_a channel_n set_v southeast_n more_o easterly_a or_o from_o the_o other_o say_v mark_v east_n southeast_n and_o southeast_n and_o by_o east_n that_o buy_v lie_v north_n north-east_n of_o longworde_n church_n and_o the_o boelbaecken_fw-mi bear_v northward_o of_o the_o same_o church_n your_o course_n from_o the_o first_o buy_v of_o this_o shall_v to_o the_o next_o lie_v east_n southeast_n &_o southeast_n and_o by_o east_n and_o it_o be_v at_o the_o end_n or_o foot_n of_o cappelmans_n sand_n you_o may_v pass_v on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o it_o in_o two_o fa._n &_o a_o half_a at_o half_a flood_n between_o these_o buy_v be_v two_o or_o three_o beakon_n which_o you_o must_v leave_v on_o the_o larboard_o you_o may_v sail_v from_o the_o innermost_a buy_v of_o the_o shall_v by_o cappelmans_n sand_n towards_o waddens_n southeast_n and_o south_n southeast_n then_o alongst_o the_o west_n shore_n to_o blixen_n where_o be_v the_o road_n for_o ship_n that_o go_v out_o but_o if_o you_o go_v to_o the_o wester_n weser_n call_v jaa_n hold_v on_o towards_o the_o island_n wrangeroghe_n in_o four_o or_o five_o fathom_n water_n and_o sail_v in_o eastward_a till_o you_o be_v pass_v the_o say_a island_n where_o you_o have_v the_o first_o buy_v at_o the_o point_n of_o steenbalge_n shall_v which_o you_o may_v sail_v in_o by_o at_o three_o or_o four_o fathom_n water_n where_o also_o menss_a church_n stand_v south_n from_o you_o from_o thence_o set_v east_n southeast_n to_o the_o second_o and_o three_o buy_v east_n and_o by_o south_n from_o thence_o lie_v a_o buy_v call_v jaa_n ton_n from_o hence_o you_o may_v almost_o perceive_v a_o other_o buy_v in_o weeser_n channel_n north_n and_o north_n and_o by_o east_n from_o the_o buy_n upon_o the_o shoalde_a call_v mensser-olde-ort_n to_o scollich-ort_n or_o huick-syll_a keep_v south_n and_o south_n and_o by_o west_n but_o from_o huick-syll_a alongst_o the_o west_n shore_n south_n and_o south_n and_o by_o east_n and_o from_o huick-syll_a to_o sypke_v sand_n east_n southeast_n and_o southeast_n and_o by_o south_n you_o may_v sail_v by_o the_o shall_v of_o sypkessand_n but_o hold_n alongst_o the_o east_n shore_n till_o you_o come_v to_o the_o passage_n then_o turn_v westward_o and_o let_v fall_v anchor_n it_o be_v there_o large_a and_o wide_a and_o full_a of_o little_a island_n inward_o the_o worst_a depth_n of_o the_o jaa_n be_v of_o three_o fathom_n but_o if_o you_o will_v into_o harle_n deep_a set_v towards_o the_o island_n spickerooges_n in_o three_o or_o four_o fathom_n where_o you_o shall_v enter_v eastward_o and_o there_o you_o have_v the_o outmost_a buy_v from_o whence_o you_o may_v go_v to_o the_o next_o east_n and_o east_n and_o by_o south_n where_o at_o half_a flood_n be_v two_o fathom_n depth_n and_o a_o little_a after_o you_o be_v pass_v this_o other_o buy_v there_o lie_v a_o shoalde_a which_o you_o may_v pass_v by_o on_o both_o side_n and_o your_o course_n then_o lie_v south_n south-west_n and_o otherwhile_o more_o southerly_a to_o fouksyle_n there_o lie_v out_o from_o the_o west_n point_n of_o the_o islande_n spikerooghe_n a_o riff_o sail_n in_o on_o the_o southside_n of_o that_o riff_o at_o the_o entry_n call_v ossebalche_n alongst_o the_o island_n call_v langerooche_v in_o three_o or_o four_o fathom_n but_o in_o the_o very_a enttry_n within_o the_o ryffe_n you_o have_v only_o two_o fathom_n water_n but_o when_o you_o be_v come_v to_o the_o far_a part_n of_o the_o isle_n langerooche_n bear_v towards_o the_o riff_o for_o between_o that_o and_o the_o shall_v be_v 7._o or_o 8._o fathom_n water_n when_o you_o be_v clear_v off_o the_o shall_v hold_v on_o southeast_n then_o towards_o the_o wester_n wadt_n more_o east_n and_o south_n southeast_n the_o enter_z course_n and_o traffic_v of_o these_o coast_n and_o haven_n be_v of_o many_o sundry_a kind_n of_o merchandise_n as_o soap_n ash_n wheat_n rye_n and_o barley_n they_o yield_v also_o salt_n and_o dry_a mydes_n saw_v board_n timber_n pitch_n tar_n hamborough_n bear_v tallow_n etc._n etc._n and_o many_o other_o commodity_n but_o the_o chief_a and_o principal_a mart_n of_o these_o country_n be_v hamboroughe_v a_o description_n of_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o eyder_n ditmerstet_fw-la a_o part_n of_o jeverland_n with_o the_o river_n of_o wese_z ell_n eyder_n hever_n and_o other_o entree_n sand_n and_o shoalde_n lienge_n alonge_v thes_n sea_n coast_n of_o germany_n a_o most_o exact_a description_n of_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o friesland_n with_o the_o river_n of_o weser_n and_o emes_n and_o of_o scholbalch_n if_o you_o will_v sail_v into_o the_o weser_n shape_n your_o course_n towards_o the_o isle_n of_o wrangerough_n in_o 9_o fathom_n but_o

here_o and_o there_o with_o some_o house_n to_o get_v the_o channel_n or_o passage_n between_o the_o foresay_a rock_n and_o bay_n you_o must_v sail_v 2._o cable_n length_n from_o the_o say_a rock_n almost_o south_n southeast_n keep_v s._n matthewes_n abbey_n in_o the_o valley_n eastward_o from_o conquer_v point_n then_o bear_v inwards_o until_o you_o come_v to_o blanc-haven_n or_o conquer_v point_n hale_v then_o to_o the_o outwards_n until_o s._n mathewes_n abbey_n be_v open_a unto_o you_o without_o conquer_v point_n sail_v alonge_v he_o cables_n length_n off_o for_o so_o shall_v you_o not_o strike_v upon_o the_o bell_n which_o lie_v off_o conquer_v point_n almost_o three_o cable_n length_n but_o keep_v flemyne_n bay_fw-mi full_a west_n of_o the_o white_a friar_n call_v the_o blanc_n moine_n but_o when_o you_o may_v plain_o discern_v conquer_v you_o be_v thwart_v the_o rock_n call_v les_fw-fr fenestriers_n which_o lie_v under_o water_n at_o the_o east_n side_n of_o conquer_v haven_n but_o if_o be_v at_o sea_n you_o must_v turn_v in_o bring_v s._n mathewes_n abbey_n right_a without_o conquer_v point_n and_o sail_v again_o about_o the_o rock_n call_v the_o hagle_n which_o lie_v almost_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o way_n from_o vshant_n there_o be_v a_o harbour_n betwixt_o fenestrier_n and_o the_o blanc_n moine_n under_o s._n matthewes_n point_n in_o 6._o or_o 7._o fathom_n and_o if_o you_o will_v put_v over_o from_o s._n matthewes_n point_n to_o the_o race_n of_o fonteneau_n you_o must_v conde_n the_o ship_n from_o blancs_n moine_v south_n and_o by_o east_n until_o you_o come_v to_o the_o emperor_n and_o empere_n rock_n call_v the_o keisar_n and_o keiserine_n but_o as_o you_o must_v not_o press_v to_o near_o keisar_n lest_o you_o strike_v upon_o the_o rock_n which_o lie_v under_o water_n so_o great_a heed_n be_v to_o be_v take_v that_o you_o be_v not_o carry_v away_o with_o the_o tide_n or_o currente_n which_o common_o set_v in_o towards_o the_o keiserine_n upon_o the_o shall_v call_v the_o calf_n which_o stretch_v down_o from_o keiserine_n like_o a_o tongue_n and_o it_o be_v always_o there_o as_o a_o whirlpool_n and_o very_o tempestuous_a the_o race_n of_o fonteneau_n lie_v out_o into_o the_o sea_n south_n southwest_n but_o bresont_n stretch_v into_o the_o sea_n west_n and_o by_o south_n four_o dutch_a league_n from_o s._n matthewes_n the_o mark_n to_o cross_v the_o race_n from_o s._n mathewes_n to_o the_o keyser_n be_v the_o mill_n of_o fenestrier_n stand_v direct_o westward_o off_o s._n matthewes_n abbey_n but_o if_o you_o will_v sail_v to_o croixduyn_n from_o s._n matthewes_n point_n hold_v on_o east_n and_o by_o south_n so_o that_o you_o keep_v still_o the_o southermost_a part_n of_o the_o rock_n call_v the_o cheminees_n without_o blancs_n moine_n until_o you_o get_v the_o bay_n of_o crodune_n and_o the_o chapel_n appear_v on_o the_o gravel_o shore_n towards_o which_o chapel_n you_o may_v safe_o bear_v and_o there_o anchor_n in_o 9_o or_o 10._o fathom_n over_o against_o crodun_fw-la by_o the_o north_n shore_n lie_v bertrandes-bay_n be_v a_o very_a good_a harbour_n for_o a_o north_n and_o northwest_n wind_n but_o he_o which_o will_v go_v up_o to_o breast_n or_o landerneau_n must_v get_v good_a pilot_n for_o it_o be_v all_o sound_a water_n the_o collignier_n bear_v south_n southeast_n about_o a_o league_n &_o a_o half_a from_o s._n matthewes_n point_n the_o faukenes_n lie_v off_o from_o the_o west_n point_n of_o crodun_fw-la about_o the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o league_n west_n south-west_n the_o southermost_a faukenes_n stand_v from_o the_o northermost_a about_o half_a a_o league_n south_n southeast_n and_o be_v under-water_n at_o a_o high_a springtide_n a_o cable_n length_n off_o north_n north-east_n lie_v a_o blind_a rock_n which_o at_o low_a ebb_n be_v even_o with_o the_o water_n this_o south_n faukenes_n bear_v north-east_n and_o by_o north_n from_o crodun_fw-la there_o be_v also_o another_o hide_a rock_n westward_n from_o the_o north-east_n faukenes_n which_o appear_v at_o low_a water_n the_o rock_n call_v the_o hen_n lie_v distant_a from_o faukenes_n west_n south-west_n two_o cable_n length_n there_o be_v another_o call_v the_o chicken_n almost_o northwest_n and_o by_o west_n from_o the_o hen_n be_v two_o sharp_a rock_n which_o at_o a_o great_a ebb_n be_v either_o even_a or_o little_a above_o the_o water_n there_o lie_v also_o a_o rock_n east_n and_o by_o south_n from_o s._n matthewes_n point_n lie_a in_o the_o midst_n of_o bertrandes-bay_n by_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o water_n of_o breast_n and_o these_o be_v his_o mark_n viz._n when_o the_o southermost_a of_o the_o rock_n call_v cheminees_n be_v one_o with_o s._n matthewes_n point_n than_o you_o strike_v upon_o this_o rock_n but_o if_o it_o appear_v a_o little_a without_o than_o you_o go_v clear_a west_n penmarques_n be_v a_o bard_n haven_n which_o be_v to_o be_v enter_v on_o the_o east-side_n along_o the_o shore_n and_o leave_v the_o great_a rock_n on_o the_o starre-boord_n side_n which_o be_v once_o past_a you_o may_v anchor_n at_o three_o fathom_n water_n for_o as_o you_o come_v in_o without_o the_o rock_n you_o have_v 8._o or_o 9_o fathom_n you_o may_v also_o sail_v within_o the_o east_n penmarques_n for_o the_o main_n be_v sandy_a strande_n where_o you_o may_v anchor_n in_o 10._o or_o 12._o fathom_n very_o safe_o near_o unto_o the_o isle_n of_o morton_n for_o there_o be_v fair_a ground_n the_o sea_n card_n of_n britain_n contain_v the_o coast_n bay_n isle_n and_o haven_n that_o lie_v between_o rouscou_n and_o groye_n very_o diligent_o correct_v annus_n 1588._o a_o exact_a description_n of_o the_o south_n coast_n of_o britain_n between_o blavet_fw-la and_o picquely_a wherein_o be_v also_o contain_v belisle_n and_o groy_n to_o sail_n into_o blavet_fw-la when_o you_o have_v the_o east_n point_n of_o the_o island_n call_v groy_n south_n and_o by_o west_n then_o be_v you_o come_v to_o the_o entry_n thereof_o which_o stretch_v inwards_o north_n north-east_n where_o be_v a_o very_a safe_a harbour_n for_o any_o wind_n or_o wether_n at_o 6._o or_o 7._o fathom_n water_n in_o the_o entry_n you_o have_v 4._o fathom_n water_n but_o there_o lie_v some_o shoald_n which_o you_o must_v shun_v on_o the_o westside_n of_o the_o entry_n stand_v a_o great_a sharp_a steeple_n there_o be_v also_o under_o groy_n good_a ground_n for_o anker_a 7._o or_o 8._o fathom_n deep_a and_o safe_a harbour_n for_o a_o south-west_n wind_n but_o beware_v of_o the_o southeast_n shore_n for_o it_o be_v rocky_a ground_n but_o if_o you_o will_v harbour_v under_o belisle_n you_o may_v go_v in_o on_o both_o side_n all_o at_o large_a where_o you_o may_v let_v fall_v your_o anchor_n at_o 10._o or_o 12._o fathom_n water_n by_o s._n paul_n spire_n steeple_n but_o at_o a_o north-east_n or_o north_n northwest_n wind_n you_o must_v way_n and_o ply_v up_o to_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o island_n where_o before_o s._n helen_n you_o have_v safe_a road_n at_o 10._o fathom_n but_o if_o the_o wind_n come_v above_o at_o south_n or_o south_n southeast_n return_v then_o before_o the_o foresay_a steeple_n of_o s._n paul_n there_o lie_v 3._o island_n about_o a_o league_n and_o half_a from_o belisle_n the_o midst_n whereof_o have_v safe_a harbour_n you_o may_v sail_v betwixt_o they_o from_o island_n to_o island_n &_o in_o some_o place_n find_v good_a ride_v about_o two_o league_n thence_o lie_v the_o main_a land_n where_o be_v 2._o great_a bay_n or_o river_n from_o whence_o you_o may_v betwixt_o the_o main_a and_o the_o foresay_a island_n within_o belisle_n sail_n to_o croyswicke_n or_o croisill_n and_o the_o river_n of_o nantes_n call_v the_o loire_n croyswicke_n lie_v from_o belisle_n about_o 8._o dutch_a league_n east_n and_o by_o north_n and_o east_n north-east_n and_o from_o croyswicke_n to_o the_o river_n of_o loire_n it_o be_v about_o 3._o league_n he_o which_o will_v go_v up_o that_o river_n let_v he_o run_v along_o the_o shore_n of_o croyswicke_n 3._o cable_n length_n off_o to_o the_o pierce_a rock_n which_o he_o may_v look_v through_o like_o a_o great_a gate_n from_o thence_o let_v he_o keep_v still_o two_o cable_n length_n off_o the_o northern_a shore_n straight_o to_o the_o point_n whereon_o stand_v a_o sharp_a steeple_n until_o he_o be_v within_o the_o rock_n call_v les_fw-fr pourceaux_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o river_n betwixt_o the_o pierce_a rock_n and_o the_o steeple_n but_o when_o he_o be_v past_a s._n nazarethe_n steeple_n he_o may_v anchor_n in_o the_o channel_n at_o 10._o or_o 12._o fathom_n where_o he_o must_v take_v in_o a_o pilotte_n to_o lead_v he_o up_o the_o loire_n unto_o nantes_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o plummet_n there_o lie_v bank_n to_o the_o seaward_o a_o league_n and_o

a_o half_a off_o croyswicke_n point_n between_o which_o and_o the_o land_n call_v la_o collecte_n he_o may_v sail_v unto_o the_o bay_n of_o armenty_a if_o you_o will_v go_v from_o the_o east-side_n of_o belisle_n with_o the_o bay_n of_o armenty_a let_v he_o conde_n east_n and_o by_o south_n till_o he_o come_v to_o the_o abbey_n of_o armenty_a beyond_o which_o on_o the_o coast_n side_n stand_v a_o wood_n then_o he_o must_v sail_v east_n north-east_n till_o the_o same_o wood_n open_v a_o good_a way_n northward_o from_o the_o abbey_n then_o shall_v he_o be_v clear_a of_o the_o shall_v call_v the_o munke_n ledge_n then_o must_v he_o set_v eastwardes_o towards_o the_o rock_n call_v peter_n meyne_n which_o you_o may_v on_o both_o side_n sail_v by_o assoon_o as_o you_o be_v pass_v it_o anchor_n at_o 6._o or_o 7._o fathom_n for_o the_o rest_n be_v to_o be_v sound_v right_o over_o against_o armenty_a point_n stand_v picquely_a from_o whence_o the_o course_n lie_v south_n and_o by_o east_n to_o the_o island_n heys_n or_o hoy_n under_o which_o be_v a_o dangerous_a road_n and_o only_o safe_a against_o a_o south-west_n and_o a_o west_n south-west_n wind_n there_o be_v always_o a_o great_a noise_n and_o troublesome_a whirl_n these_o coast_n do_v yield_v almost_o the_o whole_a year_n wine_n white_a linen_n cloth_n grain_n damask_n prune_n and_o chessenutte_n which_o be_v transport_v thence_o to_o other_o country_n and_o nantes_n be_v the_o chief_a mart_n town_n of_o these_o part_n whither_o the_o best_a orleans_n wine_n be_v bring_v down_o the_o river_n of_o loire_n the_o sea_n coast_n with_o the_o isle_n of_o bretayne_v between_o blavet_fw-la &_o piequeliers_n a_o perfect_n description_n of_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o picqvely_a rochel_n brovage_n and_o of_o the_o island_n rock_n and_o shoalde_v adjoin_v even_o as_o far_o as_o garunne_v the_o river_n of_o bourdeaux_n first_o if_o you_o will_v sail_v from_o heys_n to_o the_o kellyats_n shape_n your_o course_n e_o and_o by_o s._n and_o e_o s_o e_o until_o you_o be_v pass_v the_o rock_n call_v le_fw-fr baer_n d'olone_o which_o you_o may_v sail_v round_o about_o then_o may_v you_o hale_v along_o the_o coast_n of_o poitou_n leave_v two_o three_o part_n of_o the_o water_n towards_o the_o isle_n of_o s._n martyn_n until_o vrcke_v come_v without_o the_o point_n of_o the_o down_n and_o then_o may_v you_o see_v a_o little_a tower_n and_o a_o wood_n in_o the_o land_n of_o bos_n keep_v that_o tower_n so_o long_o shut_v up_o in_o the_o wood_n until_o the_o steeple_n in_o the_o coast_n of_o poitou_n which_o be_v call_v the_o leper_n do_v come_v over_o against_o vrcke_n which_o you_o must_v so_o hold_v until_o rochel_n appear_v without_o bos_n point_n then_o have_v you_o pass_v the_o laverdine_n and_o then_o may_v you_o sail_v forth_o through_o porthuis_n or_o else_o cast_v anchor_n under_o the_o coast_n of_o bos_n at_o 6._o or_o 7._o fathom_n the_o mark_n of_o laverdine_n be_v these_o if_o you_o will_v anchor_n under_o the_o bos_n keep_v rochel_n from_o bos_n a_o ship_n length_n so_o you_o shall_v be_v clear_a of_o the_o laverdine_n but_o if_o you_o will_v anchor_n under_o the_o abbey_n of_o s._n martynes_n island_n keep_v the_o abbey_n right_a without_o the_o sandy_a point_n of_o the_o say_a island_n and_o hold_v on_o your_o course_n into_o the_o sandy_a bay_n eastward_o of_o the_o abbey_n and_o so_o shall_v you_o escape_v the_o shoalde_n of_o laverdine_n for_o there_o be_v the_o road_n for_o ship_n that_o be_v bind_v outward_a porthuis_n be_v wide_a and_o broad_a and_o stretch_v inward_a east_n south_n east_n brant_n or_o burn_a island_n stand_v from_o s._n martynes_n three_o dutch_a mile_n s_o e_z and_o by_o east_n from_o whence_o you_o may_v sail_v to_o the_o eastern_a shoalde_n call_v oesterbanke_n south_n southeast_n keep_v the_o little_a tower_n of_o she_o on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o wood_n until_o the_o red_a round_o till_v house_n which_o stand_v ou_fw-fr the_fw-fr south_n side_n of_o the_o river_n charante_fw-fr be_v one_o with_o the_o steeple_n call_v le_z four_z then_o sail_n east_n southeast_n and_o south_n east_n and_o by_o east_n until_o soubyse_v be_v join_v to_o the_o gray_a village_n call_v grave_a dorp_n that_o stand_v on_o the_o shore_n side_n &_o the_o little_a steeple_n of_o she_o will_v show_v itself_o right_a on_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o valley_n which_o be_v in_o she_o wood_n go_v then_o by_o the_o mark_n south_n southeast_n keep_v both_o the_o little_a steeple_n which_o be_v in_o the_o valley_n on_o the_o east-side_n thereof_o and_o the_o east_n little_a steeple_n of_o she_o in_o the_o white_a sandy_a place_n and_o these_o be_v the_o true_a mark_n of_o the_o channel_n of_o brovage_n inward_n and_o outwards_o unto_o the_o eastern_a flatte_n call_v oesterbanke_n and_o when_o the_o red_a round_a house_n cover_v with_o slate_n appear_v beyond_o the_o broad_a tower_n of_o vere_n then_o be_v you_o pass_v out_o of_o brovage_n channel_n now_o if_o you_o will_v cross_v over_o to_o brant_n island_n bring_v not_o rochel_n tower_n out_o of_o the_o isle_n until_o you_o come_v near_o the_o island_n because_o of_o the_o shall_v call_v the_o baniaert_n which_o stretch_v down_o by_o the_o isle_n oleron_n and_o be_v see_v at_o low_a water_n and_o the_o road_n under_o brantysle_n be_v where_o you_o may_v anchor_n to_o heave_v out_o your_o ballast_n in_o 12._o or_o 13._o fathom_n if_o you_o will_v enter_v the_o river_n of_o bourdeaux_n call_v garunne_v keep_v the_o steeple_n of_o cordam_n in_o your_o sight_n east_n southeast_n or_o somewhat_o more_o easterly_a on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n stand_v a_o high_a read_v down_o which_o you_o must_v bring_v north-east_n from_o you_o until_o you_o come_v near_o the_o down_n which_o lie_v northward_o then_o coast_n along_o that_o side_n until_o you_o have_v enter_v the_o river_n on_o the_o north_n side_n anchor_n then_o before_o royan_a at_o 6._o or_o 7._o fathom_n all_o the_o rest_n be_v to_o be_v sound_v the_o north-side_n of_o the_o river_n have_v red_a down_n and_o somewhat_o high_a without_o tree_n three_o or_o four_o league_n from_o the_o river_n side_n be_v low_a down_n where_o grow_v some_o tree_n and_o wood_n in_o these_o coast_n be_v great_a trade_n of_o bay_a salt_n and_o wine_n all_o the_o whole_a year_n great_a plenty_n whereof_o be_v transport_v from_o thence_o to_o diverse_a country_n but_o rochel_n be_v the_o ehiefcst_a town_n of_o traffic_n there_o abouts_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o the_o land_n of_o poyctou_n and_o bourdeaux_n even_o as_o they_o show_v and_o appear_v when_o you_o sail_v there_o alongst_o between_o picquely_a &_o the_o river_n of_o bourdeaux_n call_v the_o garonne_n *_o a_o perfect_n description_n of_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o acason_n and_o bayon_n and_o of_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o biscay_n unto_o castro_n about_o 18._o league_n southward_o of_o the_o river_n of_o bourdeaux_n be_v a_o port_n call_v acason_n at_o the_o entry_n whereof_o be_v two_o great_a rock_n but_o on_o the_o north_n side_n it_o be_v broad_o shun_v the_o inner_a point_n of_o the_o porte_fw-fr because_o it_o be_v full_a of_o rock_n in_o the_o very_a entry_n you_o have_v 5._o fathom_n water_n but_o northward_o it_o be_v deep_a and_o fair_a ground_n and_o contrariwise_o towards_o the_o south_n lie_v many_o perilous_a rock_n whereof_o it_o behove_v you_o to_o be_v heedful_a you_o may_v sail_v in_o at_o this_o haven_n between_o the_o main_a land_n and_o the_o rock_n amidst_o the_o channel_n fourteen_o league_n southward_o from_o acason_n lie_v the_o haven_n of_o bayon_n who_o entry_n be_v wide_a and_o broad_a set_a the_o tower_n at_o the_o north_n point_n or_o cape_n of_o the_o land_n and_o so_o sail_v between_o the_o rock_n and_o the_o cape_n until_o you_o come_v into_o the_o haven_n where_o you_o may_v anchor_n within_o the_o point_n before_o the_o town_n at_o 4._o or_o 5._o fathom_n water_n from_o thence_o the_o course_n be_v southward_o to_o s._n john_n de_fw-fr lux_fw-la three_o league_n within_o the_o rock_n which_o stretch_v inward_o southeast_n and_o southeast_n and_o by_o south_n where_o stand_v a_o hill_n like_o a_o saddle_n bear_v southeast_n from_o you_o the_o town_n lie_v in_o a_o great_a bay_n and_o so_o do_v fuenterabie_n upon_o a_o fresh_a water_n river_n passai_n bear_v 5._o league_n from_o s._n john_n de_fw-fr lux_fw-la west_n northwest_o from_o thence_o you_o go_v westward_o two_o league_n to_o the_o port_n of_o otera_n which_o stretch_v inward_o south_n southeast_n and_o there_o have_v you_o in_o the_o entry_n 3._o fathom_n water_n but_o when_o you_o be_v within_o it_o be_v wide_a and_o broad_a and_o the_o haven_n be_v bar_v four_o league_n westward_o of_o otera_n lie_v bilbao_n stretch_v