down_o salcomb_n the_o start_n thus_o show_v the_o land_n to_o the_o eastward_n of_o the_o eastermost_a point_n of_o the_o start_n towards_o salcomb_n when_o you_o sail_n by_o it_o plymouth_n n.n.w._n the_o start_n n.n.w._n thus_o show_v the_o start_n and_o the_o land_n to_o the_o westward_n of_o plymouth_n when_o the_o start_n be_v n.n.e._n about_o two_o league_n and_o plymouth_n sound_v n.n.e._n five_o or_o six_o league_n mawstone_n the_o start_n thus_o show_v the_o land_n between_o the_o start_n and_o plymouth_n sound_v when_o you_o sail_n by_o it_o thus_o show_v the_o high-land_n to_o the_o eastward_n of_o plymouth_n maker-church_n thus_o show_v the_o land_n of_o ramhead_n to_o the_o northwards_o of_o it_o when_o you_o sail_n into_o plymouth-sound_a the_o deadman_n ramhead_n thus_o show_v the_o deadman_n and_o the_o land_n to_o the_o eastward_n of_o it_o when_o you_o be_v thwart_v of_o the_o deadman_n 4_o league_n from_o the_o shore_n the_o deadman_n when_o you_o be_v thwart_v it_o thus_o show_v the_o land_n to_o the_o eastward_a of_o falmouth_n when_o you_o sail_n by_o it_o a_o league_n from_o the_o shore_n lizard_n falmouth_n deadman_n thus_o show_v the_o land_n between_o the_o deadman_n and_o the_o lizard_n thus_o show_v the_o lizard_n when_o you_o sail_n by_o it_o lizard_n hilford_n falmouth_n thus_o show_v the_o land_n betwixt_o the_o lizard_n and_o falmouth_n when_o you_o be_v below_o falmouth_n thus_o show_v the_o lizard_n when_o it_o be_v five_o or_o six_o league_n east_n by_o north_n from_o you_o mount_v bay_n the_o lizard_n thus_o show_v the_o lizard_n be_v east_n from_o you_o four_o or_o five_o league_n thus_o show_v the_o land_n betwixt_o the_o lizard_n 〈◊〉_d the_o landsend_n when_o the_o lizard_n lie_v east_n by_o north_n and_o mounts-bay_n north_n from_o you_o landsend_n n.n.w._n mounts-bay_n n.e._n by_o n._n and_o n.n.e._n thus_o show_v the_o landsend_n and_o the_o land_n to_o the_o eastward_n of_o it_o when_o it_o be_v n.n.w._n and_o mounts-bay_n n._n e._n and_o n.n.e._n from_o you_o thus_o show_v the_o landsend_n when_o you_o come_v in_o right_a with_o it_o out_o of_o the_o sea_n thus_o show_v the_o landsend_n be_v east_n from_o you_o east_n the_o landsend_n of_o england_n thus_o show_v the_o landsend_n when_o it_o bear_v southeast_n by_o south_n seven_o or_o eight_o league_n from_o you_o and_o the_o round_a hill_n to_o the_o northwards_o of_o the_o east_n than_o you_o may_v see_v the_o low_a land_n betwixt_o they_o both_o thus_o show_v silly_a be_v e.n.e._n from_o you_o thus_o show_v silly_a be_v southeast_n from_o you_o thus_o show_v silly_a be_v east_n five_o or_o six_o league_n from_o you_o thus_o show_v silly_a be_v south-west_n from_o you_o of_o the_o tide_n and_o set_v of_o the_o current_n as_o also_o what_o moon_n make_v high-water_n in_o dartmouth_n or_o torbay_n a_o west_n by_o south_n moon_n make_v high-water_n thwart_v the_o start_n in_o the_o channel_n a_o w.n.w._n and_o s.s.e._n moon_n from_o the_o start_n to_o portland_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o channel_n the_o flood_n fall_v e.n.e._n and_o the_o ebb_n w.s.w._n thwart_v of_o dartmouth_n by_o the_o land_n the_o flood_n fall_v north-east_n by_o north_n and_o the_o ebb_n south-west_n by_o south_n thwart_v of_o torbay_n towards_o exmouth_n in_o the_o bay_n the_o flood_n fall_v north_n east_n by_o north_n and_o the_o ebb_n s_o s._n w._n in_o plymouth_n and_o foy_n a_o west_n by_o south_n and_o east_n by_o north_n moon_n make_v high-water_n thwart_v of_o foy_n in_o the_o channel_n a_o e._n s._n e._n moon_n to_o the_o sea-board_n of_o falmouth_n a_o east_n by_o south_n but_o in_o falmouth-haven_n a_o east_n by_o north_n moon_n at_o helford_n and_o at_o the_o lizard_n by_o the_o land_n a_o e.s.e._n and_o w.n.w._n moon_n make_v high-water_n from_o ram-head_n to_o the_o start_n by_o the_o land_n within_o the_o eddystone_n the_o flood_n fall_v e.s.e._n and_o the_o ebb_n w._n n._n w._n from_o the_o deadman_n to_o ram-head_n the_o flood_n fall_v e.n.e._n and_o the_o ebb_n w.s.w._n from_o the_o lizard_n to_o the_o deadman_n north-east_n and_o south-west_n in_o the_o channel_n between_o the_o lizard_n and_o the_o start_n thwart_v of_o foy._n the_o flood_n fall_v east_n by_o north_n and_o the_o ebb_n west_n by_o south_n in_o what_o depth_n you_o may_v make_v the_o land_n the_o start_n and_o the_o land_n of_o dartmouth_n may_v be_v see_v in_o 45_o fathom_n when_o you_o have_v the_o high_a land_n of_o plymouth_n north_n from_o you_o you_o may_v see_v it_o in_o 50_o fathom_n it_o be_v high_a double_a land_n and_o show_v itself_o in_o two_o hill_n that_o same_o double_a high_a land_n within_o the_o land_n you_o may_v see_v it_o from_o thwart_v of_o foy_n until_o you_o come_v thwart_v of_o dartmonth_n the_o deadman_n you_o may_v see_v in_o 24_o fathom_n off_o from_o the_o lizard_n to_o the_o start_n the_o lizard_n you_o may_v see_v in_o 55_o fathom_n there_o the_o ground_n be_v white_a if_o you_o go_v from_o the_o lizard_n either_o southerly_a easterly_a or_o westerly_a it_o be_v as_o easy_a to_o be_v know_v for_o if_o you_o go_v southerly_a you_o will_v deepen_v the_o water_n and_o come_v into_o matter_a ground_n after_o ten_o league_n if_o you_o go_v westerly_a you_o will_v keep_v sand_n st_o will_v have_v deep_a water_n and_o fine_a sand_n if_o you_o go_v easterly_a you_o will_v have_v shoaler_n water_n and_o grosser_n sand._n if_o you_o be_v thwart_v of_o the_o start_n three_o league_n from_o the_o shore_n you_o will_v have_v 35_o fathom_n sandy_a ground_n mix_v with_o dust_n black_a like_o beat_a pepper_n the_o start_v be_v northwest_o or_o thereabouts_o and_o you_o sail_v e._n n._n e._n or_o east_n by_o north_n you_o will_v have_v sandy_a ground_n and_o shoaler_n water_n course_n and_o distance_n from_o portland_n to_o st._n paul_n the_o lion_n south-west_n by_o south_n 40_o league_n from_o portland_n to_o ushant_n s._n w._n 53_o league_n from_o portland_n to_o exmouth_n w.n.w._n 13_o league_n from_o torbay_n to_o dartmouth_n west_n somewhat_o southerly_a 3_o or_o 4_o league_n from_o dartmouth_n to_o the_o start_n s.w._n 3_o league_n from_o portland_n to_o torbay_n west_n somewhat_o southerly_a 13_o or_o 14_o league_n from_o portland_n to_o dartmouth_n west_n by_o south_n sixteen_o league_n from_o portland_n to_o the_o start_n w._n s._n w._n westerly_n 19_o league_n from_o the_o start_n to_o the_o casket_n e.s.e._n 21_o league_n from_o the_o start_n to_o the_o seven-isle_n south_n by_o east_n somewhat_o easterly_a 24_o league_n from_o the_o start_n to_o st._n paul_n the_o lion_n south_n by_o west_n southerly_a 27_o league_n from_o to_o start_v to_o ram-head_n w._n n._n w._n 8_o league_n from_o ram-head_n to_o love-island_n w.s.w._n 3_o league_n from_o love-island_n to_o foy_n west_n 2_o league_n from_o foy_n to_o the_o deadman_n south-west_n and_o south-west_n by_o west_n 5_o league_n from_o the_o deadman_n to_o falmouth_n west_n by_o south_n and_o w.s.w._n 4_o league_n from_o falmouth_n to_o the_o lizard_n south_n by_o west_n 4_o league_n from_o the_o start_n to_o the_o eddystone_n west_n or_o a_o little_a northerly_a 7_o or_o 8_o league_n from_o the_o eddystone_n to_o ram-head_n north_n a_o little_a westerly_a 2_o league_n from_o ram-head_n to_o the_o deadman_n w.s.w._n 8_o league_n from_o the_o deadman_n to_o the_o lizard_n s.w._n 6_o league_n from_o the_o start_n to_o the_o lizard_n west_n by_o south_n 20_o or_o 21_o league_n from_o the_o lizard_n to_o garnsey_n east_n by_o south_n 37_o league_n from_o the_o lizard_n to_o the_o seven_o island_n southeast_n by_o south_n 31_o league_n from_o the_o lizard_n to_o ushant_n south_n 29_o league_n from_o the_o lizard_n to_o cape_n de_fw-fr finisterre_n south-west_n 153_o league_n the_o same_o course_n go_v about_o five_o league_n without_o the_o cape_n from_o the_o lizard_n to_o teneriff_n s.s.w._n 466_o league_n from_o the_o lizard_n to_o tercera_n 386_o league_n latitude_n  _fw-fr deg_fw-la min._n torbay_n 50_o 42_o dartmouth_n 50_o 37_o the_o start_n 50_o 27_o ram-head_n 50_o 34_o falmouth_n 50_o 22_o lizard_n 50_o 10_o a_o tide_n table_n for_o the_o channel_n between_o england_n and_o france_n from_o the_o island_n of_o silly_a unto_o the_o north-foreland_n show_v what_o moon_n make_v the_o high_a water_n upon_o the_o coast_n and_o in_o the_o harbour_n and_o how_o the_o tide_n do_v set_v and_o how_o long_o it_o do_v run_v to_o the_o eastward_a in_o the_o channel_n the_o name_n of_o the_o port_n or_o headland_n what_o point_v the_o moon_n be_v upon_o to_o make_v a_o full_a sea_n in_o these_o place_n upon_o what_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n the_o tide_n set_v to_o the_o eastward_n in_o the_o channel_n thwart_v of_o these_o place_n how_o the_o tide_n set_v in_o the_o channel_n 4_o 5_o or_o 6_o league_n
water_n but_o right_o against_o the_o church_n be_v the_o best_a place_n for_o great_a ship_n to_o come_v to_o a_o anchor_n because_o it_o be_v somewhat_o deep_o this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n m._n the_o rand_n be_v a_o short_a reach_n extend_v itself_o from_o cold-barbour_n to_o crafford-ness_a which_o lie_v on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o dart-ford-creek_n bear_v east_n by_o north_n and_o west_n by_o south_n right_o against_o which_o creek_n rand-hill_n a_o shoal_n call_v rand-hill_n lie_v a_o shoal_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o river_n call_v rand-hill_n but_o not_o dangerous_a this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n n._n long-reach_a this_o reach_n take_v its_o name_n from_o its_o nature_n be_v the_o long_a reach_n in_o the_o river_n and_o lie_v e._n s._n e._n and_o w._n n._n w._n and_o extend_v itself_o from_o crafford-ness_a to_o greenbith_n town_n on_o the_o north_n side_n between_o purfleet_n and_o sleepers-bole_n lie_v a_o shoal_n but_o not_o dangerous_a shoal_n a_o shoal_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o this_o reach_n there_o be_v five_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a at_o low-water_n and_o all_o down_o the_o north_n reach_v there_o be_v seven_o fathom_v water_n this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o dranght_n with_o the_o letter_n â—_o st._n clements-reach_a this_o reach_n lie_v in_o two_o part_n first_o from_o greenbith_n to_o st._n clement_n and_o lie_v n._n n._n e._n and_o s._n s._n w._n and_o from_o st._n clement_n to_o gray_n it_n lie_v east_n and_o west_n this_o reach_n be_v the_o most_o dangerous_a in_o the_o whole_a river_n be_v very_a subject_n to_o foul_a weather_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o situation_n especial_o with_o some_o wind_n as_o a_o south-west_n and_o north-east_n wind_n which_o do_v make_v very_o bad_a weather_n so_o that_o here_o be_v more_o boat_n cast_v away_o then_o in_o all_o the_o reach_v in_o the_o whole_a river_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o bad_a 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from_o north-fleet_n below_o the_o town_n of_o gravesend_n to_o a_o place_n call_v the_o pile_n pile_n pile_n there_o be_v good_a ride_v on_o any_o part_n of_o this_o reach_n the_o water_n rise_v here_o three_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a above_o the_o town_n you_o will_v have_v eight_o and_o below_o six_o fathom_n this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n r._n tilbury-hope_a this_o reach_n lie_v north-east_n by_o north_n and_o south-west_n by_o south_n and_o extend_v itself_o from_o the_o pile_n aforesaid_a down_o to_o mucking-creek_n which_o be_v on_o the_o north_n shore_n and_o hope-ness_a alias_o sands-head-point_n on_o the_o south_n side_n here_o be_v in_o most_o part_n of_o this_o reach_v five_o six_o and_o seven_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n ship_n may_v convenient_o ride_v in_o any_o part_n of_o it_o this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n s_o a_o description_n of_o the_o sand_n shoal_n buoys_n beacon_n and_o sea-marks_a 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and_o shyrness_n west_n half_a southerly_a about_o three_o mile_n from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o nower_n to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o oaze-edge_n the_o course_n be_v fast_o one_o quarter_n southerly_a near_o five_o mile_n this_o sand_n and_o buoy_z be_v mark_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n e._n the_o cant._n the_o cant_n be_v a_o great_a flat_a that_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o sheppy_n and_o join_v to_o the_o shore_n and_o begin_v a_o little_a to_o the_o eastward_a of_o shyreness_n and_o so_o run_v to_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o island_n where_o the_o west_n end_n of_o the_o redsand_n and_o spaniard_n join_v to_o it_o this_o shoal_n lie_v off_o from_o sheppy_n in_o some_o place_n a_o mile_n in_o other_o two_o the_o more_o to_o the_o east_n the_o far_o off_o by_o mean_n of_o its_o join_n with_o
lie_v a_o buoy_z which_o lie_v from_o the_o sporn_n west_n by_o south_n half_a southerly_a seven_o mile_n and_o from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o bull_n east_n by_o south_n four_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a sonk_z the_o sonk_z be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o river_n almost_o as_o far_o down_o as_o the_o sporn_n if_o go_v up_o on_o the_o south_n side_n you_o bring_v pauls-tower_n open_a of_o the_o redcliff_n to_o the_o eastward_a than_o you_o be_v clear_a or_o about_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o sonk_z holms_n the_o holms_n be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v about_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n the_o east_n end_n come_v within_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o sonk_z and_o on_o the_o west_n end_n lie_v a_o buoy_z which_o bear_v south_n a_o mile_n and_o half_a from_o pauls-church_n and_o from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o bull_n northwest_o by_o west_n about_o thirteen_o mile_n the_o dogger-bank_n east_n from_o the_o spornhead_n six_o league_n lie_v the_o westermost_a corner_n off_o of_o the_o dogger-bank_n from_o which_o it_o extend_v itself_o north-east_n by_o east_n 77_o league_n the_o eastermost_a end_n be_v but_o 17_o league_n south-west_n by_o west_n from_o rinkopperdeep_a in_o jutland_n the_o breadth_n of_o this_o sand_n be_v 11_o league_n on_o the_o westermost_a end_n hereof_o you_o will_v have_v 10_o 9_o 11_o 12_o and_z 13_o fathom_n but_o towards_o the_o east_n end_n 14_o 15_o 18_o 20_o and_o at_o the_o point_n of_o it_o 25_o fathom_n on_o the_o north_n side_n you_o will_v have_v 50_o 46_o 45_o &_o 40_o fathom_n on_o the_o south_n side_n 28_o and_o 26_o fathom_n crouch-bank_n in_o the_o midway_n between_o flamborough-head_n and_o the_o naze_n lie_v this_o great_a bank_n north_n by_o east_n and_o south_n by_o west_n in_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o length_n 35_o league_n the_o south_n end_v hereof_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o dogger-bank_n five_o league_n and_o from_o flamborrough-head_n north-east_n half_a easterly_a 39_o league_n on_o the_o south_n end_n of_o this_o bank_n be_v 22_o in_o the_o middle_n 38_o 39_o and_o on_o the_o north_n end_n 28_o fathom_n which_o bear_v from_o the_o naze_n w._n s._n w._n 39_o league_n the_o whitebank_n about_o twenty_o league_n north_n from_o friezland_n lie_v the_o whitebank_n be_v in_o length_n 27_o league_n and_o in_o breadth_n five_o league_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o dogger-bank_n 13_o league_n lie_v east_n by_o north_n and_o west_n by_o south_n in_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o west_n end_n be_v 23_o fathom_n and_o on_o the_o south_n end_n 22._o the_o white-water_n north-west_n by_o west_n fourteen_o league_n from_o the_o texel_n lie_v a_o bank_n call_v the_o white-water_n lie_v north-east_n by_o east_n and_o south-west_n by_o south_n in_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o length_n ten_o league_n on_o which_o be_v sixteen_o fathom_n the_o west_n end_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o well_o seven_o league_n where_o you_o will_v have_v 24_o and_o 25_o fathom_n and_o between_o it_o and_o the_o dogger-bank_n 27_o and_o 28_o fathom_n the_o well_o north-east_n by_o north_n from_o wintertonness_n about_o eleven_o league_n lie_v the_o well_o be_v a_o large_a square_a bank_n in_o length_n 13_o league_n and_o in_o breadth_n 10_o the_o ground_n whereof_o be_v very_o uneven_a where_o at_o the_o first_o cast_v you_o will_v have_v 12_o the_o next_o 16_o and_o in_o some_o place_n 22_o fathom_n between_o it_o and_o the_o dogger-bank_n from_o which_o it_o be_v distant_a about_o four_o league_n near_o the_o say_v well_o 30_o and_o 24_o near_o the_o dogger_n 51_o 44_o 30_o and_o 28_o fathom_n between_o it_o and_o the_o bread-bank_n 23_o and_o 24_o fathom_n and_o between_o it_o and_o the_o english_a shore_n 20_o 26_o and_o 24_o fathom_n a_o description_n of_o the_o sand_n shoal_n buoys_n beacon_n and_o sea-marks_a upon_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o nower_n to_o dover_n the_o flat_n the_o flat_n be_v so_o call_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o general_a flatness_n on_o which_o you_o may_v sail_v 4_o or_o 5_o mile_n and_o not_o alter_v one_o foot_n in_o depth_n in_o the_o course_n from_o the_o narrow_a to_o the_o redsand_n you_o may_v have_v ten_o foot_n water_n to_o the_o eastward_a in_o some_o hole_n you_o have_v fifteen_o and_o sixteen_o foot_n water_n the_o danger_n that_o be_v in_o these_o flat_n be_v discourse_v of_o in_o their_o place_n for_o he_o that_o keep_v himself_o on_o the_o course_n that_o lead_v from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o woolpack_n to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o redsand_n which_o be_v northwest_o by_o west_n a_o quarter_n north_n if_o he_o take_v tie_v according_a to_o the_o draught_n of_o his_o ship_n shall_v not_o meet_v with_o any_o danger_n the_o gilman_n the_o gilman_n be_v a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v up_o from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o spell_n w.n.w._n about_o five_o mile_n and_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n southeast_n by_o south_n from_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o spaniard_n and_o fall_v dry_a on_o spring-tyde_n he_o that_o keep_v in_o the_o course_n that_o lead_v from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o woolpack_n to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o redsand_n will_v not_o come_v near_o it_o this_o shoal_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n c._n the_o spaniard_n the_o spaniard_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o take_v its_o beginning_n from_o sheppy-island_n and_o run_v down_o east_n by_o north_n until_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o redsand_n be_v northwest_o by_o north_n from_o the_o east_n end_n of_o it_o a_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a distance_n a_o good_a part_n of_o this_o sand_n fall_v dry_a and_o he_o that_o keep_v the_o west_n end_n of_o st._n nicholas-wood_n in_o the_o gore_n open_a to_o the_o eastward_n of_o the_o reculvers-steeple_n will_v not_o come_v near_o this_o sand._n between_o this_o and_o the_o redsand_n run_v down_o the_o first_o depth_n where_o there_o be_v 5_o 6_o 7_o and_o 8_o fathom_n the_o more_o to_o the_o eastward_a the_o deep_a water_n the_o redsand_n and_o buoy_z the_o redsand_n be_v very_o long_o on_o the_o east_n end_n whereof_o lie_v a_o buoy_z to_o direct_v they_o clear_v to_o the_o north_n of_o it_o into_o the_o channel_n betwixt_o this_o sand_n and_o the_o oaze-edge_n which_o lead_v towards_o london_n or_o downward_o over_o the_o flat_n the_o north_n side_n of_o this_o sand_n from_o the_o buoy_z upward_o be_v steep_a too_o but_o indifferent_a shoal_v this_o buoy_z lie_v from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o oaze-edge_n east_n half_a north_n and_o west_n buoy_z mark_n of_o the_o buoy_z half_a south_n about_o three_o or_o four_o mile_n the_o mark_n on_o the_o land_n for_o this_o buoy_z be_v to_o bring_v the_o landsend_n south-west_n and_o st._n nicholas-wood_n open_a to_o the_o reculver_n or_o to_o bring_v the_o reculver_n southeast_n the_o eastermost_a end_n of_o this_o sand_n lie_v out_o with_o two_o tongue_n upon_o the_o northermost_a of_o which_o be_v place_v a_o buoy_z the_o oaze-edge_n and_o buoy_z the_o oaze-edge_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v to_o the_o northward_a of_o the_o redsand_n and_o lie_v e.n.e._n and_o w.s.w._n contain_v about_o 4_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o half_a a_o mile_n in_o breadth_n the_o channel_n betwixt_o this_o and_o the_o redsand_n be_v in_o some_o part_n more_o and_o in_o some_o less_o than_o a_o mile_n broad_a the_o south_n side_n of_o this_o sand_n be_v steep_a too_o and_o the_o deep_a part_n in_o the_o channel_n be_v nine_o and_o ten_o fathom_n at_o the_o west_n end_n of_o it_o lie_v a_o buoy_z and_o bear_v north_n by_o east_n from_o the_o landsend_n church_n mousehole_n church_n on_o the_o north-east_n of_o sheppy_n than_o mousehole_n church_n be_v open_a to_o the_o eastward_o of_o the_o say_a landsend_n from_o this_o buoy_z to_z the_o buoy_z of_o the_o nower_n the_o course_n be_v west_n a_o quarter_n south_n about_o five_o mile_n the_o spile_v the_o spile_v be_v a_o small_a round_a sand_n and_o lie_v almost_o thwart_v the_o buoy_z of_o the_o oaze-edge_n to_o the_o southward_a on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o west-tayl_n of_o the_o redsand_n you_o have_v but_o six_o foot_n at_o low-water_n and_o lie_v very_o dangerous_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o woolpack_n the_o buoy_z of_o the_o woolpack_n be_v the_o westermost_a buoy_z in_o the_o narrow_a on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o channel_n buoy_z mark_n of_o this_o buoy_z and_o lie_v on_o the_o west_n spit_v of_o the_o woolpack-sand_n and_o bear_v from_o reculvers-sleeple_a north_n by_o west_n than_o you_o have_v two_o little_a hill_n like_o two_o pap_n on_o the_o upper_a land_n to_o the_o southwards_o just_o open_a and_o shut_v to_o the_o reculvers-sleeple_a this_o buoy_z be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n x._o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o spell_n the_o buoy_z of_o the_o spell_n
the_o north-east_n end_n be_v the_o go_v up_o the_o weser_n where_o lie_v three_o buoys_n and_o on_o the_o northwest_n end_n stand_v a_o beacon_n the_o hooge_n the_o hooge_n be_v a_o great_a flat_a which_o join_v to_o the_o land_n of_o languarden_n be_v seven_o mile_n in_o breadth_n run_v from_o the_o say_a point_n northwest_o four_o league_n where_o it_o end_v with_o a_o tail_n call_v smits-tayl_n on_o the_o north_n side_n hereof_o lie_v many_o buoys_n which_o be_v the_o weser-channel_n weser_n weser_n and_o in_o this_o side_n be_v many_o swatche_n the_o southground_n the_o southground_n be_v great_a flat_n which_o lie_v in_o all_o alongst_o the_o coast_n of_o reydinger-land_n in_o some_o place_n distant_a from_o the_o shore_n about_o four_o league_n on_o the_o south-west_n side_n of_o it_o go_v up_o the_o weser_n this_o be_v call_v black-ground_n on_o the_o northwest_n side_n call_v witteground_o whereon_o go_v many_o swin_n or_o channel_n viz._n broad-channel_n the_o south_n channel_n of_o wester-till_a the_o north-broad_a channel_n of_o easter-till_a on_o the_o north-side_n call_v new-work-ground_n by_o it_o go_v in_o the_o channel_n call_v the_o elve_n 2._o 〈◊〉_d 2._o where_o lie_v many_o buoys_n to_o direct_v you_o up_o here_o also_o run_v in_o another_o swim_v call_v emder-channel_n lâ—â—derhaevicl_n lâ—â—derhaevicl_n about_o a_o league_n from_o the_o northwest_n point_v hereof_o lie_v a_o small_a sand_n call_v middle-sand_n at_o the_o northwest_n end_n of_o it_o lie_v a_o buoy_z which_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o middle-buoy_n on_o rode-sand_n about_o two_o mile_n between_o which_o go_v in_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o weser_n north-ground_n north-ground_n lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o elve_n from_o the_o south_n side_n hereof_o run_v off_o a_o sand_n call_v vogelsand_n west_n five_o league_n into_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o tail_n thereof_o you_o will_v have_v first_o three_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a than_o five_o afterward_o seven_o eight_o nine_o and_o ten_o fathom_n on_o the_o south_n side_n go_v in_o the_o elve_n on_o the_o north_n side_n the_o north-elve_a from_o the_o west_n side_n hereof_o a_o flat_a call_v the_o north-ground_n whereon_o there_o be_v seven_o and_o eight_o fathom_n on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o this_o sand_n lie_v also_o a_o shoal_n call_v new-ground_n have_v a_o buoy_z at_o the_o west_n end_n of_o it_o between_o the_o north-ground_n and_o the_o shore_n lie_v a_o great_a shoal_n run_v off_o from_o the_o shore_n at_o least_o two_o league_n the_o north-east_n corner_n of_o the_o north-ground_n be_v distant_a from_o busen_n a_o mile_n hodemer-sand_n iseren_n hendrick_n and_o blavoort_n hodemer-sand_n lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o north-ground_n between_o which_o go_v a_o small_a channel_n call_v the_o pipe_n on_o the_o east_n side_n there_o be_v another_o small_a channel_n call_v the_o pipe_n go_v into_o the_o elve_n on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o sand_n stand_v two_o beacon_n on_o the_o north_n side_n hereof_o lie_v a_o sand_n call_v iseren-hendrick_n between_o these_o go_v the_o channel_n call_v the_o north-pipe_n from_o the_o say_v hendrick_n run_v off_o a_o sand_n to_o the_o westward_o call_v blavoort_n bege_v in_o length_n four_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a from_o this_o run_v off_o a_o tail_n west_n 3_o league_n whereon_o there_o be_v two_o and_o three_o fathom_n and_o be_v call_v the_o tail_n of_o the_o plaet_fw-la blavoort_n on_o the_o north_n side_n hereof_o run_v in_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o eyder_n eyâ—â—_n eyâ—â—_n where_o lie_v booy_n to_o direct_v you_o through_o ballast-plaet_a ballast-plaet_a run_v off_o from_o schulper-zill_a into_o the_o eyder-channel_n on_o the_o north-east_n side_n whereof_o stand_v three_o beacon_n from_o whence_o it_o run_v alongst_o the_o coast_n of_o ditmarschen_n until_o you_o come_v to_o busen_v in_o which_o there_o be_v many_o swin_n on_o the_o west_n corner_n stand_v a_o beacon_n and_o on_o the_o northwest_n side_n lie_v three_o buoys_n new-ground_n or_o broad-rug_n new-ground_n be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o eyder-channel_n on_o the_o south-west_n side_n whereof_o stand_v four_o beacon_n from_o the_o eastermost_a beacon_n call_v the_o hulk_n to_o the_o westermost_a beacon_n of_o the_o ballast-plaet_a the_o course_n be_v east_n by_o north_n a_o mile_n between_o this_o sand_n and_o the_o shore_n go_v a_o small_a channel_n the_o westermost_a end_n hereof_o be_v call_v broad-rug_n new-ground_n new-ground_n be_v three_o sand_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o eyderland_n not_o above_o three_o cable_n length_n from_o the_o shore_n at_o ebb_n between_o these_o and_o the_o southermost_a go_v a_o channel_n call_v oudeland-deep_a oudeland-deep_a oudeland-deep_a in_o the_o northermost_a be_v a_o small_a island_n call_v utto_n these_o sand_n lie_v off_o in_o the_o sea_n two_o league_n the_o quade_n the_o quade_n be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o hever_n distant_a from_o east-hever_n west_n by_o north_n five_o mile_n on_o this_o sand_n stand_v two_o beacon_n on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o this_o sand_n go_v in_o a_o channel_n south-channel_n south-channel_n call_v south-channel_n east_n three_o mile_n from_o this_o lie_v a_o sand_n with_o two_o other_o beacon_n on_o it_o nuval_n elan_n and_o gorde_n nubal_n elan_n and_o gorde_n be_v break_v ground_n which_o lie_v about_o the_o island_n strant_n from_o which_o there_o run_v out_o shoal_n on_o every_o side_n of_o the_o say_a island_n the_o voren_n the_o voren_n be_v a_o shoal_n which_o encompass_v the_o island_n ameren_n and_o st._n jans_n make_v a_o channel_n between_o they_o and_o strant_n call_v small-deep_a on_o the_o north-cast_a side_n thereof_o run_v another_o small_a channel_n which_o be_v cause_v by_o a_o shoal_n which_o run_v off_o from_o the_o shore_n on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o which_o run_v up_o a_o channel_n to_o luck-tonderen_a silter-riff_a silters-riff_a run_v off_o from_o the_o south_n point_v of_o the_o island_n silt_n run_v off_o s._n s._n w._n four_o league_n on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o it_o run_v the_o channel_n call_v silter-deep_a silte-deep_a silte-deep_a on_o the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o island_n lie_v four_o a_o chart_n of_o flanders_n between_o calm_a and_o walcheren_n will_v all_o the_o sand_n and_o shoal_n upon_o that_o coast_n by_o john_n seller_n hydrog_n regiis_fw-la a_o chart_n of_o the_o sands_z channel_n buoy_n beacon_n and_o sea-mark_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n from_o dover_n to_o the_o northwards_o of_o orfordness_n by_o john_n seller_n hydrographer_n to_o the_o king_n sand_n between_o they_o and_o the_o land_n go_v up_o landdeep_a there_o go_v up_o also_o another_o channel_n call_v newdeep_a rust_v and_o the_o land_n be_v on_o one_o side_n and_o the_o maker_n berling-sand_n and_o haefsand_n on_o the_o other_o coersand_n and_o jurt-sand_n this_o sand_n reach_v on_o the_o coast_n from_o ripen_v to_o lutke_n tondo_n run_v off_o so_o far_o until_o it_o encompass_v the_o island_n mann_n and_o rem_fw-la between_o which_o island_n on_o the_o sand_n stand_v a_o beacon_n phann_n knuts_n phanu-knuts_a be_v a_o shoal_n from_o the_o northwest_n head_n of_o phanu_n by_o which_o go_v in_o a_o channel_n call_v graeuwdeep_o on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o which_o channel_n near_o the_o point_n of_o langeleg_n wisdick_n wisdick_n lie_v a_o small_a sand_n call_v wisdycksand_n also_o at_o the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o island_n phanu_n betwixt_o manu_fw-la and_o it_o wherein_o there_o be_v some_o break_a ground_n on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o this_o sand_n lie_v two_o buoys_n within_o phanu_n on_o the_o shore_n of_o jutland_n from_o ripen_v to_o holm-head_n run_v a_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n riefhorn_n rief-born_a run_v off_o from_o horn_n from_o whence_o it_o take_v its_o name_n west_n by_o south_n eighteen_o league_n whereon_o you_o have_v three_o four_o and_o five_o fathom_n a_o league_n to_o the_o northward_a of_o it_o lie_v another_o small_a shoal_n seven_o league_n in_o length_n on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o it_o near_o the_o shore_n lie_v a_o small_a sand_n call_v doelsand_n docl-sand_n docl-sand_n on_o the_o north_n side_n close_a to_o the_o shore_n lie_v another_o small_a shoal_n call_v the_o uyl_n uyl_n uyl_n jutland-riff_a jutland-riff_a be_v a_o great_a shoal_n which_o run_v many_o league_n west_n by_o north_n into_o the_o sea_n whereon_o you_o will_v have_v 10_o 12_o 16_o 18_o 20_o fathom_n etc._n etc._n direction_n for_o sail_v into_o the_o harbour_n and_o channel_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o holland_n and_o zealand_n from_o ameland_n to_o the_o weiling_n show_v the_o mark_n and_o depth_n of_o water_n for_o pilote_v a_o ship_n through_o any_o of_o they_o amelandgat_a two_o league_n to_o the_o eastward_n of_o the_o schelling_n lie_v ameland_n lie_v e._n n._n e._n and_o w._n s._n w._n 4_o great_a league_n upon_o the_o
west_n end_n of_o ameland_n stand_v a_o cape_n and_o a_o great_a thick_a flat_a steeple_n call_v the_o hoelm_n the_o roof_n of_o the_o church_n be_v break_v off_o but_o the_o after-form_n with_o the_o roof_n stand_v above_o the_o side_n wall_n to_o the_o eastward_a of_o the_o church_n of_o hoelm_n stand_v a_o mill_n with_o a_o house_n to_o the_o westward_a of_o the_o mill_n also_o a_o broad_a flat_a tower_n about_o the_o place_n where_o midland-church_n be_v wont_a to_o stand_v lie_v three_o or_o four_o sand-hill_n which_o be_v low_a flat_a and_o long_o towards_o the_o east_n end_v it_o be_v knobby_a land_n with_o white_a sand_n among_o it_o from_o the_o east_n end_n of_o ameland_n run_v off_o a_o riff_o almost_o three_o league_n into_o the_o sea_n bornriff_a bornriff_a call_v bornriff_a which_o be_v upon_o the_o outside_n very_o steep_a come_v no_o near_o it_o than_o twelve_o fathom_n come_v from_o the_o eastward_n you_o can_v sail_v within_o it_o but_o sail_v alongst_o by_o it_o in_o seven_o fathom_v you_o shall_v not_o run_v a_o bowl_n cast_v alongst_o without_o it_o for_o to_o sail_v into_o amelandgat_a come_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n to_o sail_v into_o ameland_n get_v come_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n bring_v the_o cape_n upon_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o schelling_n right_a over_o the_o steeple_n of_o horn_n which_o shall_v then_o bear_v from_o you_o s.s.w._n or_o a_o little_a more_o westerly_a sail_n in_o right_a with_o they_o until_o that_o the_o cape_n upon_o ameland_n and_o the_o steeple_n of_o hoelm_n be_v one_o over_o the_o other_o then_o leave_v the_o first_o mark_n and_o sail_v in_o upon_o the_o second_o and_o you_o shall_v find_v the_o outermost_a buoy_z which_o lie_v somewhat_o within_o the_o outermost_a point_n of_o bornriff_a come_v from_o the_o eastward_n run_v alongst_o by_o the_o strand_n of_o the_o schelling_n in_o five_o or_o five_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a at_o low-water_n and_o you_o shall_v not_o fail_v to_o sail_v right_a upon_o the_o outermost_a buoy_z and_o then_o the_o church_n and_o steeple_n upon_o ameland_n shall_v also_o come_v one_o over_o the_o other_o and_o bear_v from_o you_o east_n or_o a_o little_a more_o southerly_a come_v alongst_o by_o the_o schelling_n in_o four_o fathom_n you_o shall_v not_o sail_v within_o the_o koggedeeps-ground_n over_o against_o they_o lie_v the_o first_o buoy_z on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o bornriff_a run_v alongst_o to_o the_o southwards_o of_o it_o keep_v the_o cape_n and_o steeple_n one_o over_o the_o other_o until_o you_o be_v past_o the_o second_o buoy_z which_o lie_v thwart_v of_o the_o west_n end_n of_o kamper-sand_n the_o fair-way_n betwixt_o these_o buoys_n ameland_n the_o go_v into_o ameland_n be_v five_o and_o six_o fathom_n deep_a be_v past_o the_o second_o buoy_z bring_v the_o steeple_n somewhat_o to_o the_o northwards_o of_o the_o cape_n and_o go_v on_o n.e._n towards_o the_o three_o buoy_z upon_o gerritshouden_n for_o to_o avoid_v the_o plat_v which_o lie_v off_o from_o the_o south_n side_n towards_o bornriff_a on_o it_o lie_v two_o white_a buoys_n the_o first_o over_o against_o the_o aforesaid_a three_o black_z buoy_z the_o other_z over_o against_o the_o four_o black_a buoy_z lie_v from_o the_o three_o about_o s.e._n leave_v the_o black_a buoys_n all_o on_o the_o larboard-side_n and_o the_o white_a on_o the_o starboard_n and_o run_v through_o so_o betwixt_o they_o both_o the_o plait_n be_v on_o the_o north_n side_n indifferent_a flat_a so_o that_o you_o may_v run_v to_o it_o upon_o the_o lead_n reckon_v well_o your_o tide_n especial_o be_v careful_a of_o a_o fore-ebb_n which_o fall_v very_o strong_a over_o the_o channel_n n._n n._n w._n into_o sea_n over_o bornriff_a betwixt_o the_o second_o and_o three_o buoy_z in_o the_o fair-way_n it_o be_v 8_o &_o 9_o fathom_n between_o the_o three_o and_o the_o aforesaid_a plat_v 7_o fathom_n be_v past_o the_o four_o buoy_z both_o side_n be_v very_o steep_a and_o the_o fair-way_n 8_o 9_o 10_o and_z 12_o fathom_n deep_a go_v then_o in_o s._n s._n e._n until_o that_o the_o steeple_n of_o holm_n come_v over_o the_o south_n point_v of_o ameland_n where_o the_o boat_n lie_v and_o then_o you_o come_v in_o the_o bite_v where_o it_o be_v on_o the_o south_n side_n flat_a and_o good_a anchor_a in_o five_o or_o fix_v fathom_n the_o north_n shore_n be_v very_o steep_a for_o to_o sail_v further_o into_o horsen_a horsen_a for_o to_o sail_v into_o horsen_a go_v away_o from_o the_o bite_v e.n.e._n alongst_o by_o the_o south_n side_n in_o 5_o or_o 6_o fathom_n so_o long_o until_o heynooms-chamber_n be_v a_o red_a tile_v house_n come_v a_o hand-spike_n length_n to_o the_o northwards_o or_o to_o the_o eastward_n of_o holm-church_n anchor_n there_o in_o 5_o or_o 6_o fathom_n you_o shall_v lie_v there_o in_o good_a ground_n shelter_v for_o all_o wind_n also_o there_o go_v little_a tide_n in_o this_o fair-way_n it_o be_v twelve_o fathom_n deep_a the_o north_n shore_n be_v there_o very_o steep_a these_o foresay_a depth_n like_a as_o those_o of_o the_o fly_n be_v say_v to_o be_v at_o low-water_n easter-booms-gat_a at_o the_o schelling_n the_o easter-booms-gat_a be_v alter_v very_o much_o the_o schorre-ground_n or_o as_o some_o call_v they_o peters-ground_n be_v overgrow_v very_o near_o to_o the_o shore_n or_o strand_n of_o the_o schelling_n before_o it_o lie_v a_o bank_n or_o little_a sand-plat_n betwixt_o the_o aforesaid_a schorre_v or_o peters-ground_n and_o the_o strand_n be_v according_a to_o the_o testimony_n of_o master_n or_o schippers_n who_o usual_o sail_v in_o and_o out_o with_o their_o smack-ship_n about_o the_o half_a of_o a_o ship_n length_n broad_a and_o about_o two_o ship_n length_n long_o be_v upon_o the_o plate_n or_o bank_n 5_o and_o 6_o foot_n but_o between_o the_o schorre_v or_o peters-ground_n well_o 11_o or_o 12_o foot_n water_n so_o that_o if_o there_o lie_v on_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o schorre_v or_o peters-ground_n a_o buoy_n or_o mark_n to_o discern_v or_o find_v this_o entrance_n or_o gap_n one_o can_v then_o very_o easy_o sail_v in_o or_o out_o with_o a_o fluyt-ship_n but_o see_v the_o place_n be_v not_o mark_v with_o a_o buoy_n it_o be_v judge_v uneasy_a to_o be_v use_v by_o great_a ship_n and_o only_o navigable_a for_o smack_v come_v from_o the_o east_n and_o have_v midland-church_n stand_v upon_o the_o schelling_n s.s.e._n from_o you_o than_o you_o be_v near_o about_o the_o say_a bank_n and_o see_v there_o be_v nothing_o else_o to_o be_v write_v of_o this_o easter-booms-gat_a we_o will_v leave_v it_o and_o pass_v over_o to_o the_o description_n and_o situation_n of_o the_o wester-booms-gat_a wester-booms-gat_a at_o the_o schelling_n to_o sail_v in_o at_o the_o wester-booms_a channel_n come_v from_o the_o west_n bring_v the_o cape_n and_o tower_n of_o brandary_n together_o that_o be_v east_n and_o east_n by_o south_n from_o you_o thereupon_o you_o must_v run_v to_o find_v the_o outermost_a buoy_z there_o be_v fix_v fathom_n water_n keep_v then_o the_o cape_n and_o tower_n so_o stand_v till_o you_o come_v to_o the_o second_o buoy_z bring_v then_o the_o tower_n a_o great_a hand-spike_n length_n to_o the_o southwards_o of_o the_o cape_n and_o sail_v thereupon_o than_o you_o shall_v sail_v betwixt_o a_o white_a and_o black_a buoy_z there_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o shoal_a 17_o foot_n at_o low-water_n from_o thence_o you_o come_v to_o 6_o and_o 7_o fathom_n and_o then_o you_o come_v again_o in_o the_o right_a booms-channel_n on_o the_o north_n wall_n it_o be_v deep_a it_o be_v wide_a and_o broad_a so_o that_o you_o can_v well_o bear_v it_o up_o the_o stream_n run_v there_o of_o itself_o right_o in_o in_o still_a weather_n the_o jet_n to_o sail_v into_o the_o jet_n come_v through_o the_o robbegat_a about_o the_o rosyne-plat_a you_o must_v run_v towards_o the_o buoy_z upon_o longesand_n and_o forth_o between_o the_o white_a and_o black_a buoys_n leave_v in_o sail_v up_o the_o black_a on_o the_o larboard_o 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the_o maze_n as_o soon_o as_o you_o be_v pass_v that_o keep_v straight_o to_o the_o schtedams-head_n there_o you_o have_v the_o deep_a water_n to_o sail_v into_o the_o maze_n with_o a_o northerly_a wind._n but_o if_o you_o will_v sail_v in_o the_o maze_n with_o a_o northerly_a wind_n you_o must_v keep_v the_o upper_a wall_n that_o so_o you_o may_v have_v the_o smooth_a deep_a water_n for_o by_o the_o north_n wall_n there_o go_v in_o a_o depth_n where_o a_o full_a foot_n of_o water_n and_o more_o be_v then_o by_o the_o buoy_n above_o write_v and_o be_v call_v everskill_n to_o reach_v this_o you_o must_v bring_v the_o outermost_a beacon_n in_o the_o brill_n and_o keep_v it_o so_o stand_v till_o you_o bring_v two_o bush_n of_o tree_n on_o the_o north_n side_n east_n of_o it_o that_o be_v about_o a_o musquet-shot_a northwards_o the_o outermost_a buoy_n bring_v the_o most_o northerly_a bush_n in_o with_o delfs-steeple_n so_o be_v you_o then_o on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o everskill_n and_o the_o southerly_a bush_n to_o the_o eâ—er_n then_o be_v you_o on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o everskill_n then_o keep_v so_o long_o between_o both_o the_o beacon_n than_o be_v you_o right_o over_o against_o the_o hompel_v then_o run_v again_o to_o the_o land_n of_o the_o brill_n either_o to_o the_o pit_n or_o the_o aformentioned_a southern-gat_a the_o goerees-gat_a betwixt_o the_o land_n of_o the_o brill_n and_o geeree_n go_v in_o also_o 2_o channel_n the_o northermost_a be_v call_v the_o quackaeep_n and_o be_v not_o for_o great_a ship_n but_o only_o for_o smack_v and_o small_a ship_n the_o other_o the_o goerees-gat_a betwixt_o these_o two_o channel_n lie_v a_o great_a plat_v call_v the_o hinder_v which_o at_o low-water_n be_v not_o deep_a than_o 5_o 6_o and_z 7_o foot_n to_o the_o northwards_o of_o it_o go_v in_o the_o quacks-deep_a and_o the_o southwards_o of_o it_o the_o goerees-gat_a for_o to_o find_v the_o quacks-deep_a come_v in_o out_o of_o the_o west_n you_o must_v keep_v the_o steeple_n of_o the_o brill_n east_n from_o you_o and_o run_v so_o in_o until_o that_o a_o great_a country_n house_n which_o you_o shall_v see_v stand_v alone_o a_o little_a within_o the_o point_n of_o the_o quack_n come_v to_o the_o southermost_a sand-hill_n of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o brill_n which_o shall_v then_o bear_v near_o about_o east_n from_o you_o keep_v that_o then_o so_o stand_v and_o come_v so_o right_a in_o until_o that_o oostuâ—â—rn_v come_v to_o the_o westermost_a or_o southermost_a sand-hill_n then_o come_v in_o alongst_o by_o the_o strand_n somewhat_o more_o southerly_a until_o that_o goeree_n come_v to_o the_o eastward_n or_o within_o the_o sand-hill_n than_o you_o shall_v be_v pass_v the_o east_n point_v of_o the_o hinder_v which_o the_o pilot_n call_v the_o buoyen_fw-mi run_v then_o towards_o goeree_n or_o the_o eastward_n to_o helleveet-sluce_n where_o you_o desire_v to_o be_v for_o to_o sail_v in_o at_o the_o goeree-gat_a you_o must_v bring_v the_o steeple_n of_o goeree_n and_o the_o cape_n upon_o the_o land_n of_o goeree_n one_o in_o the_o other_o and_o then_o they_o shall_v bear_v fast_o by_o south_n and_o e._n s._n e._n from_o you_o or_o if_o you_o can_v see_v the_o cape_n then_o bring_v the_o steeple_n east_n by_o south_n or_o e.s.e._n from_o you_o according_a as_o you_o shall_v have_v the_o wind_n sail_n in_o right_a with_o it_o until_o you_o come_v hard_o aboard_o the_o strand_n and_o within_o a_o bowl_n cast_v in_o alongst_o by_o it_o east_n by_o north_n and_o east_n in_o so_o long_o until_o that_o the_o land_n do_v fall_v away_o more_o to_o the_o southwards_o thereabouts_o run_v off_o from_o the_o shore_n a_o little_a tail_n which_o you_o may_v sail_v within_o in_o go_v out_o but_o not_o in_o come_v in_o there_o you_o must_v edge_n a_o little_a further_o from_o the_o shore_n be_v past_o that_o luff_fw-mi up_o again_o towards_o the_o shore_n or_o haven_n of_o goeree_n and_o anchor_n there_o before_o it_o or_o else_o if_o you_o will_v run_v up_o the_o hellevoet-sluce_n then_o bring_v the_o mill_n which_o stand_v to_o the_o westward_n of_o goeree_n a_o little_a to_o the_o northwards_o of_o the_o steeple_n of_o goeree_n keep_v they_o so_o stand_v and_o sail_v so_o up_o to_o hellevoet-sluce_n and_o you_o shall_v not_o come_v near_o the_o plat_v which_o lie_v over_o against_o or_o to_o the_o southwards_o of_o hellevoet-sluce_n when_o you_o sail_n in_o at_o the_o goeree-gat_a with_o a_o bare_a southerly_a wind_n and_o that_o you_o can_v bring_v the_o cape_n and_o steeple_n one_o in_o the_o other_o you_o may_v bring_v the_o steeple_n well_o e._n s._n e._n or_o a_o great_a capstane_n bar_v length_n to_o the_o northwards_o of_o the_o cape_n and_o then_o run_v on_o until_o you_o come_v over_o against_o the_o strand_n and_o so_o you_o shall_v run_v over_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o hinder_v in_o 14_o and_o 15_o foot_n at_o low-water_n but_o when_o the_o cape_n and_o steeple_n be_v one_o in_o the_o other_o you_o shall_v not_o have_v less_o than_o 19_o or_o 20_o foot_n be_v come_v over_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o hinder_v in_o the_o right_a depth_n it_o be_v 6_o 7_o and_z 8_o fathom_n deep_a water_n a_o little_a within_o the_o cape_n or_o almost_o thwart_v of_o it_o be_v the_o narrow_a of_o the_o channel_n further_o in_o it_o be_v wide_a on_o the_o side_n towards_o the_o hinder_v it_o be_v rise_a ground_n but_o the_o south_n shore_n alongst_o by_o the_o strand_n be_v very_o steep_a to_o sail_v in_o at_o the_o brewers-haven_n before_o the_o land_n of_o scowen_n thwart_a of_o the_o brewers-haven-channel_n lie_v 3_o bank_n the_o outermost_a call_v the_o bree-bank_n lie_v a_o ken_n without_o the_o land_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v 7_o fathom_n deep_a and_o again_o within_o it_o 10_o fathom_n deep_a upon_o the_o second_o near_o the_o shore_n it_o be_v 5_o fathom_n deep_a and_o again_o within_o it_o be_v 7_o fathom_n the_o three_o call_v the_o ooster_n lie_v close_o by_o the_o land_n and_o run_v into_o the_o castward_n betwixt_o schowen_v and_o the_o land_n of_o goeree_n upon_o it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o 6_o foot_n water_n when_o you_o will_v sail_v into_o the_o channel_n of_o brewers-haven_n you_o must_v go_v about_o to_o the_o westward_n of_o it_o upon_o the_o west_n end_n of_o schowen_v stand_v two_o cape_n bring_v they_o one_o in_o the_o other_o and_o run_v so_o right_a in_o with_o they_o until_o the_o steeple_n of_o the_o remiss_a which_o steeple_n be_v somewhat_o sharp_a come_v to_o the_o blenck_n or_o woolsack_n that_o be_v a_o high_a white_a sandhill_n which_o show_v itself_o out_o in_o whiteness_n high_a above_o all_o the_o other_o sand-hill_n then_o leave_v the_o cape_n and_o run_v in_o by_o the_o mark_n of_o the_o blenck_n and_o remiss_a until_o that_o outdrop_n a_o little_a white_a steeple_n upon_o the_o land_n of_o goeree_n come_v to_o the_o steeple_n of_o gâ—â—ree_n and_o so_o you_o shall_v go_v in_o betwixt_o the_o ooster_n of_o the_o larboard-side_n and_o the_o hill_n on_o the_o starboard-side_n and_o alongst_o a_o little_a to_o the_o southward_a of_o the_o outermost_a buoy_z until_o you_o come_v within_o the_o ooster_n when_o outdrop_n and_o geeree_n be_v one_o in_o the_o other_o then_o leave_v also_o the_o aforesaid_a mark_n of_o remiss_a and_o run_v in_o right_a with_o goeree_n until_o you_o come_v by_o the_o second_o buoy_z or_o if_o there_o lie_v no_o buoys_n until_o that_o bommence_v come_v a_o little_a without_o the_o oxe-tayl_n that_o be_v a_o point_n of_o schowe_n lie_v out_o a_o little_a to_o the_o westward_n of_o brewers-haven_n sail_n so_o right_a in_o until_o you_o be_v pass_v the_o brewers-haven_n this_o channel_n of_o brewers-haven_n be_v a_o broad_a and_o deep_a channel_n very_o convenient_a for_o great_a ship_n he_o that_o must_v turn_v in_o or_o out_o to_o windward_n may_v run_v alongst_o a_o good_a way_n on_o boch_n side_n as_o well_o of_o the_o outermost_a as_o the_o second_o buoy_z but_o to_o the_o southward_a of_o they_o it_o be_v deep_a and_o the_o common_a fair-way_n the_o three_o buoy_z be_v a_o buoy_z with_o a_o tail_n and_o lie_v upon_o a_o point_n of_o a_o tail_n off_o from_o the_o ooster_n which_o you_o may_v not_o go_v to_o the_o northwards_o of_o until_o you_o be_v very_o close_o alongst_o by_o it_o all_o alongst_o by_o the_o strand_n of_o schowen_v it_o be_v very_o deep_a and_o steep_a you_o may_v run_v close_o by_o it_o from_o the_o outermost_a buoy_z unto_o brewers-haven_n there_o be_v nothing_o that_o can_v hurt_v you_o the_o shoal_a of_o this_o channel_n be_v 18_o or_o 19_o foot_n at_o least_o a_o league_n without_o the_o land_n in_o the_o come_n in_o betwixt_o the_o ooster_n and_o the_o hill_n further_a inward_o it_o be_v 4_o 5_o 6_o and_z 7_o
yarmought_n to_o cocket_a island_n describe_v all_o the_o road_n â—avens_n and_o harbour_n depth_n and_o sounding_n the_o course_n and_o distance_n of_o one_o place_n from_o another_o new_o corrode_v and_o publish_v by_o john_n seller_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o his_o shop_n at_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o mariner_n compass_n at_o the_o 〈…〉_o a_o description_n of_o the_o east_n coast_n of_o scotland_n show_v all_o the_o bay_n road_n haven_n harbour_n depth_n and_o soundling_n course_n &_o distance_n of_o place_n one_o the_o say_v coast_n new_o correct_v and_o publish_v by_o john_n seller_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o his_o shop_n at_o sign_n of_o the_o marrinors_n compass_n at_o the_o hermitage_n stayr_n in_o wapping_n about_o a_o mile_n haven_n yarmouth_n haven_n or_o somewhat_o more_o to_o the_o southward_a of_o the_o town_n of_o yarmouth_n it_o have_v two_o wooden_a head_n you_o must_v sail_v in_o between_o they_o both_o against_o the_o high_a water_n when_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o flood_n be_v spend_v at_o half-flood_n it_o be_v dangerous_a because_o of_o the_o strong_a tide_n which_o shall_v forcible_o carry_v you_o into_o the_o bite_v against_o the_o shore_n it_o be_v also_o best_o to_o carry_v your_o ship_n in_o alongst_o the_o south-head_n for_o there_o it_o be_v deep_a at_o yarmouth_n in_o the_o road_n man_n do_v common_o anchor_v to_o the_o northward_a of_o the_o haven_n right_o over_o thwart_v the_o town_n in_o five_o six_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n the_o near_a you_o anchor_v to_o the_o sand_n the_o deep_a water_n you_o shall_v have_v but_o all_o good_a sand_n and_o soft_a ground_n to_o sail_v into_o yarmouth-road_n through_o the_o holms_n if_o you_o sail_v into_o the_o road_n of_o yarmouth_n then_o bring_v the_o sharp_a little_a steeple_n that_o stand_v to_o the_o northward_a of_o yarmouth_n within_o the_o land_n over_o the_o broad_a castle_n or_o bring_v the_o mill_n to_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o town_n keep_v these_o mark_n so_o stand_v and_o go_v in_o w._n n._n w._n you_o shall_v find_v in_o this_o channel_n no_o less_o than_o eight_o or_o nine_o fathom_n at_o half-flood_n this_o channel_n be_v call_v st._n nicholas_n channel_n channel_n st._n nicholas_n channel_n on_o the_o north_n side_n it_o be_v deep_a be_v come_v in_o the_o road_n be_v right_a before_o the_o town_n in_o five_o or_o six_o fathom_n thwart_v or_o over_o against_o the_o haven_n of_o yarmouth_n go_v also_o a_o channel_n through_o the_o holms_n to_o sail_v in_o there_o come_v from_o the_o southwards_o bring_v the_o souton_n over_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o haven_n between_o the_o great_a tree_n and_o that_o flat_a little_a house_n or_o castle_n and_o sail_v in_o right_a with_o they_o and_o keep_v these_o mark_n so_o stand_v within_o the_o holms_n within_o they_o lie_v a_o flat_a on_o the_o starboard-side_n and_o a_o little_a northward_a of_o the_o haven_n call_v the_o middleground_n you_o may_v sail_v about_o on_o both_o side_n the_o inner_a side_n in_o five_o fathom_n but_o towards_o the_o holms_n or_o towards_o the_o eastward_a of_o it_o in_o eight_o or_o nine_o fathom_n from_o yarmouth_n to_o winterton_n the_o coaft_n lie_v north_n by_o west_n and_o northwest_n two_o league_n to_o sail_v from_o yarmouth_n through_o the_o sand_n if_o you_o sail_v from_o yarmouth_n through_o within_o to_o the_o northwards_o sail_n alongst_o by_o the_o land_n and_o keep_v the_o sound_n of_o the_o shore_n in_o five_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n until_o you_o have_v the_o a_o light-house_n which_o stand_v a_o little_a to_o the_o northwards_o of_o castor_n one_o in_o the_o other_o castor_n castor_n and_o then_o sail_v in_o right_a with_o they_o either_o by_o day_n or_o night_n in_o the_o night_n there_o be_v fire_n in_o they_o and_o then_o shall_v you_o run_v over_o a_o flat_a without_o the_o buoy_z which_o lie_v upon_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o sand_n call_v the_o barber_n barber_n barber_n sail_n bold_o in_o with_o the_o aforesaid_a light-house_n until_o you_o come_v again_o near_o the_o shore_n in_o five_o or_o six_o fathom_n be_v come_v by_o the_o shore_n run_v again_o alongst_o by_o it_o and_o keep_v the_o sound_a as_o before_o till_o you_o come_v before_o winterton_n thus_o show_v the_o land_n from_o orfordness_n to_o wintertonness_n orfordness_n alborough_n dunwich_n walderswick_n soul_n thus_o show_v the_o coast_n of_o england_n between_o orfordness_n and_o sowl-haven_n soul_n covehith_n leystaff_n thus_o show_v the_o land_n between_o soul_n and_o leystaff_n leystaff_n yarmouth_n winterton_n thus_o show_v the_o coast_n betwixt_o leystaff_n and_o winterton_n to_o sail_v by_o wintertonness_n this_o ness_n former_o have_v be_v very_a shoal_n and_o dangerous_a but_o now_o it_o be_v wear_v away_o so_o that_o ship_n may_v run_v between_o the_o ness_n and_o the_o main_n and_o you_o will_v have_v three_o fathom_v water_n at_o half-flood_n but_o if_o you_o sail_n without_o the_o ness_n there_o be_v a_o channel_n between_o it_o and_o a_o middleground_n and_o the_o mark_n to_o carry_v you_o through_o be_v to_o bring_v the_o two_o small_a light-house_n one_o into_o another_o and_o keep_v the_o great_a light-house_n south_n of_o you_o so_o you_o will_v keep_v in_o the_o best_a of_o the_o channel_n to_o sail_v from_o wintertonness_n to_o stamford_n first_o you_o must_v steer_v north_n and_o north_n by_o east_n and_o borrow_v on_o the_o shore_n in_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n until_o you_o come_v in_o the_o midway_n between_o alborough_n and_o dunwich_n where_o you_o must_v give_v the_o shore_n more_o birth_n and_o come_v no_o near_o than_o five_o or_o fix_v fathom_n and_o so_o you_o may_v borrow_v on_o the_o shore_n till_o you_o come_v between_o southwold_n and_o covehith_n and_o when_o covehith_n church_n be_v west_n you_o be_v then_o thwart_v of_o the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o bernard_n it_o lie_v north-east_n into_o the_o sea_n bernard_n bernard_n and_o to_o go_v clear_a of_o the_o north-east_n end_n of_o it_o keep_v southwold_n steeple_n open_a of_o the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o cliff_n until_o you_o bring_v 〈…〉_o open_a to_o the_o northwards_o of_o the_o 〈…〉_o there_o way_n you_o steer_v with_o the_o town_n of_o leystaff_n 〈…〉_o the_o light-house_n in_o one_o to_o go_v within_o the_o 〈◊〉_d but_o to_o go_v without_o the_o holm-head_n keep_v the_o 〈◊〉_d beacon_n one_o in_o another_o or_o if_o you_o can_v see_v iâ—_n 〈◊〉_d goulstone_n steeple_n open_a and_o shut_v of_o the_o waters-eâ—â—â—_a and_o beach-end_n and_o so_o you_o may_v go_v in_o the_o best_a also_o upon_o the_o ebb_n if_o occasion_n serve_v you_o may_v borrow_v into_o four_o a_o hom_n of_o the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o bernard_n or_o newcome_n for_o they_o point_v both_o together_o and_o have_v paâ—gfield-church_n west_n you_o may_v go_v in_o with_o the_o shore_n or_o you_o may_v go_v off_o into_o 11_o or_o 12_o fathom-water_n as_o you_o please_v and_o to_o go_v through_o the_o stamford_n bring_v the_o top_n of_o the_o terret_n on_o the_o clockhouse_n over_o the_o white_a house_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o town_n to_o sail_v through_o yarmouth-road_n to_o the_o northwards_o first_o to_o turn_v between_o the_o cork-sand_n and_o the_o shore_n come_v no_o near_o the_o sand_n than_o five_o or_o six_o fathom_n but_o on_o the_o shore_n you_o may_v borrow_v in_o four_o fathom_n castorness_n castorness_n it_o need_v be_v and_o so_o you_o may_v keep_v until_o you_o come_v to_o castorness_n and_o so_o run_v until_o the_o two_o light-house_n be_v both_o into_o one_o the_o shoal_a of_o the_o ness_n be_v a_o masquetshot_n to_o the_o northwards_o of_o the_o light-house_n the_o spit_n lie_v off_o the_o shore_n and_o on_o the_o cork_n you_o may_v borrow_v into_o six_o fathom_n and_o on_o the_o holms_n in_o ten_o fathom_n for_o it_o be_v all_o steep_a too_o and_o the_o shoal_a of_o wintertonness_n be_v when_o the_o steeple_n be_v south-west_n be_v thwart_a of_o the_o steeple_n a_o mile_n off_o the_o shore_n lie_v a_o shoal_n whereon_o be_v but_o two_o fachom_n and_o a_o half_a at_o low-water_n but_o within_o or_o without_o there_o be_v six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n be_v at_o haseborough_n your_o course_n with_o flambrough-head_n be_v northwest_o and_o south_n east_n as_o you_o take_v the_o tide_n for_o the_o flood_n set_v over_o burnaâ—-flat_a and_o the_o ebb_n cross_v to_o the_o sea_n and_o be_v so_o far_o to_o the_o northwest_o as_o you_o can_v see_v haseborough-steeple_n which_o be_v the_o high_a steeple_n on_o all_o the_o coast_n and_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o water_n you_o shall_v have_v ten_o fathom_v water_n and_o when_o you_o have_v it_o s.s.e._n then_o cromer_n steeple_n will_v be_v s.s.w._n and_o be_v in_o this_o course_n half_a way_n over_o the_o well_o you_o shall_v have_v sometime_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n and_o sometime_o
five_o or_o six_o fathom_n he_o that_o will_v sail_v into_o bornham_n must_v go_v in_o at_o high-water_n and_o bring_v the_o steeple_n against_o the_o block-house_n and_o so_o sail_v in_o by_o the_o beacon_n leave_v they_o on_o the_o larboard-side_n these_o be_v all_o the_o tyde-havens_n bornham_n from_o bornham_n to_o chappel-land_n the_o course_n be_v w.s.w._n two_o league_n to_o the_o northward_a of_o it_o lie_v the_o sonk_z which_o be_v a_o sand_n that_o be_v dry_a at_o low-water_n you_o may_v sail_v about_o it_o on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o sonk_z to_o lin._n to_o sail_v to_o the_o eastern_a channel_n of_o lin._n to_o sail_v in_o here_o you_o must_v go_v to_o the_o eastward_a of_o the_o sonk_z and_o bring_v that_o wood_n over_o the_o point_n of_o chappel-land_n east_n from_o you_o then_o go_v in_o s._n s._n w._n and_o by_o little_a and_o little_o more_o easterly_a until_o you_o come_v about_o the_o point_n there_o the_o buoys_n and_o beacon_n shall_v show_v the_o way_n when_o you_o come_v about_o the_o point_n you_o may_v run_v through_o the_o sand_n into_o the_o northward_a channel_n and_o sail_v out_o again_o by_o the_o same_o into_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o buoys_n and_o mark_n thereof_o this_o northward_a channel_n lie_v north-east_n and_o north-east_n by_o north_n and_o be_v very_o well_o buoy_v and_o beacon_v you_o may_v also_o sail_v into_o the_o westward_a of_o the_o sonk_z south_n by_o east_n alongst_o by_o it_o and_o so_o run_v into_o the_o first_o buoy_z from_o thence_o alongst_o by_o the_o beacon_n into_o lin_n before_o the_o town_n when_o you_o come_v from_o the_o eastward_a you_o may_v run_v through_o within_o the_o sonk_z alongst_o by_o the_o chappel-land_n south_n by_o west_n into_o the_o aforesaid_a buoy_z to_o sail_v from_o cromer_n to_o blakney_n into_o boston-deep_a to_o sail_v from_o cromer_n or_o blakney_n into_o boston-deep_a you_o must_v go_v west_n by_o north_n till_o you_o come_v by_o the_o land_n between_o well_n and_o bornham_n right_a against_o which_o lie_v a_o bank_n call_v burnham-flat_n north_n into_o the_o sea_n a_o league_n burnhamslat_n burnhamslat_n which_o at_o low-water_n lie_v dry_a in_o divers_a place_n you_o may_v run_v the_o aforesaid_a course_n when_o you_o be_v by_o cromer_n or_o blackney_n a_o little_a without_o the_o land_n and_o may_v go_v to_o the_o northward_a of_o this_o bank_n at_o high-water_n you_o may_v well_o go_v over_o it_o the_o ground_n on_o the_o north_n side_n go_v up_o slat_n and_o plain_a run_v bold_o to_o it_o without_o fear_n until_o you_o come_v into_o three_o or_o four_o fathom_n so_o that_o he_o which_o use_v his_o lead_n can_v take_v no_o hurt_n by_o it_o but_o on_o the_o innerside_n that_o be_v on_o the_o southside_n it_o be_v very_o steep_a and_o as_o soon_o as_o you_o be_v over_o the_o shoal_a you_o shall_v sudden_o get_v deep_a water_n and_o good_a sandy_a ground_n within_o it_o be_v good_a ride_v for_o easterly_a wind_n to_o sail_v to_o boston-deep_a within_o boston-knock_a first_o you_o must_v keep_v the_o sound_a of_o the_o shore_n in_o four_o or_o five_o fathom_n till_o the_o point_n of_o legerness_n be_v n._n n._n w._n from_o you_o between_o the_o shore_n and_o the_o knock_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o channel_n it_o be_v five_o fathom_n but_o be_v dry_a at_o low-water_n when_o legerness_n be_v w._n n._n w._n from_o you_o then_o go_v on_o south-west_n through_o between_o the_o knock_n and_o the_o shoal_n which_o shoot_v off_o from_o the_o westward_a of_o legerness_n until_o you_o get_v again_o the_o depth_n of_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n in_o this_o go_v over_o there_o be_v but_o two_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n but_o it_o flow_v there_o about_o five_o fathom_n up_o and_o down_o be_v over_o it_o go_v on_o south-west_n alongst_o between_o the_o longsand_n and_o the_o shoal_n which_o lie_v off_o from_o the_o shore_n it_o be_v between_o 9_o and_o 10_o fathom_n deep_a you_o may_v sound_v on_o both_o side_n as_o well_o the_o shoal_n that_o lie_v off_o from_o the_o land_n as_o the_o longsand_n in_o five_o fathom_n but_o the_o flat_n be_v somewhat_o steep_a than_o the_o longsand_n to_o sail_v without_o boston-knock_a into_o boston-deep_a to_o sail_v without_o boston-knock_a in_o boston-deep_a come_v as_o aforesaid_a to_o the_o west-land_n you_o must_v look_v out_o for_o the_o steeple_n of_o ingoldmill_n stand_v somewhat_o to_o the_o northward_a of_o legerness_n bring_v they_o one_o in_o the_o other_o and_o then_o they_o shall_v bear_v about_o n._n n._n w._n from_o you_o keep_v they_o one_o in_o the_o other_o and_o go_v on_o s._n s._n e._n until_o the_o tree_n of_o the_o point_n be_v west_n of_o legerness_n come_v without_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ness_n and_o then_o you_o may_v run_v through_o between_o boston-knock_a when_o the_o aforesaid_a tree_n come_v a_o hand-spike_n length_n to_o the_o eastward_a of_o the_o point_n of_o legerness_n then_o go_v on_o south-west_n and_o you_o may_v run_v right_a into_o the_o deep_a between_o boston-knock_a and_o longsand_n and_o so_o you_o shall_v find_v between_o the_o knock_n and_o the_o point_n of_o longsand_n five_o fathom_n be_v past_o the_o knock_n it_o will_v be_v 8_o 9_o or_o 10_o fathom_n deep_a other_o direction_n for_o boston-deep_a if_o you_o will_v sail_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n into_o boston-deep_a then_o bring_v the_o aforesaid_a tree_n a_o hand-spike_n length_n without_o the_o point_n at_o legerness_n which_o shall_v then_o bear_v from_o you_o about_o n._n n._n w._n sail_v right_a with_o they_o until_o the_o high-land_n within_o legernesi_n or_o winfleet_n be_v to_o come_v even_o without_o the_o ness_n which_o shall_v then_o bear_v from_o you_o somewhat_o more_o northerly_a than_o west_n than_o you_o be_v within_o the_o point_n of_o the_o longsand_n or_o else_o there_o stand_v three_o little_a house_n on_o the_o seaside_n about_o half-waye_n between_o legerness_n and_o ingoldmill_n when_o they_o come_v to_o be_v northwest_o from_o you_o and_o the_o aforesaid_a tree_n without_o the_o point_n than_o you_o be_v also_o within_o the_o point_n of_o longsand_n go_v on_o then_o south-west_n between_o boston-knock_a and_o longsand_n as_o aforesaid_a a_o little_a past_a legerness_n lie_v a_o shoal_n or_o flat_a about_o the_o midst_n in_o the_o fair-way_n but_o near_o to_o the_o longsand_n when_o the_o tree_n upon_o the_o point_n to_o the_o southward_a of_o winfleet_n come_v into_o the_o second_o valley_n of_o the_o high-land_n within_o winfleet_n than_o you_o be_v right_a thwart_n of_o this_o shoal_n edge_n therefore_o to_o one_o side_n or_o other_o rather_o towards_o the_o shoal_n it_o be_v wide_a keep_v bold_o the_o sound_n of_o the_o shoal_n and_o run_v south-west_n alongst_o by_o it_o until_o the_o steeple_n of_o boston_n come_v over_o the_o steeple_n of_o butterwyle_n which_o be_v also_o a_o flat_a steeple_n but_o small_a than_o that_o of_o boston_n stand_v in_o a_o wood_n thwart_v of_o it_o run_v a_o shoal_n somewhat_o without_o the_o point_n be_v past_o it_o go_v w.s.w._n all_o alongst_o the_o aforesaid_a shoal_n until_o the_o great_a steeple_n of_o boston_n come_v over_o the_o second_o mill_n there_o be_v good_a anchor_a by_o the_o west_n shore_n in_o five_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n but_o he_o that_o come_v at_o low-water_n must_v anchor_v and_o stay_v for_o his_o tide_n until_o half_a flood_n for_o before_o you_o can_v sail_v further_o in_o from_o thence_o and_o you_o shall_v not_o find_v more_o than_o two_o fathom_n upon_o the_o shoal_a place_n and_o so_o the_o deep_a lie_v in_o along_o the_o beacon_n about_o south_n to_o the_o three_o beacon_n be_v past_o that_o w._n s._n w._n and_o then_o by_o little_a and_o little_o more_o westerly_a and_o northerly_a but_o run_v all_o alongst_o by_o the_o beacon_n leave_v they_o on_o the_o starboard-side_n at_o least_o north_n to_o the_o river_n upon_o the_o point_n of_o the_o river_n stand_v a_o sheephouse_n before_o you_o pass_v by_o it_o seem_v as_o if_o there_o be_v no_o open_n by_o reason_n it_o be_v all_o green_a land_n and_o even_o run_v in_o by_o it_o all_o alongst_o by_o the_o land_n be_v past_a the_o river_n do_v open_v itself_o and_o be_v come_v within_o the_o point_n you_o must_v run_v in_o between_o the_o dikes_n a_o league_n until_o you_o come_v before_o the_o town_n in_o the_o river_n it_o be_v half_a flood_n before_o it_o be_v every_o where_o deep_a enough_o when_o you_o come_v a_o little_a within_o the_o house_n of_o the_o town_n on_o the_o larboard-side_n there_o you_o must_v let_v fall_v your_o anchor_n and_o stay_v until_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o fall_v than_o you_o have_v flood_n enough_o to_o drive_v you_o to_o the_o key_n there_o you_o must_v make_v fast_o with_o a_o cable_n it_o do_v not_o begin_v to_o ebb_v there_o until_o the_o water_n be_v
ship_n length_n to_o the_o northwards_o of_o broad-stair_n peer-head_n or_o borrow_v upon_o the_o sand_n by_o the_o lead_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o so_o take_v the_o first_o of_o the_o say_a tide_n without_o the_o sand_n you_o may_v stand_v to_o the_o south-eastwards_a until_o you_o bring_v the_o south-foreland_n west_n by_o south_n from_o you_o south-sand-head_n south-sand-head_n than_o cast_v about_o and_o you_o shall_v weather_n the_o south-sand-head_n and_o be_v in_o the_o downs-road_n before_o any_o other_o ship_n that_o part_v with_o you_o at_o the_o foreland_n to_o turn_v through_o the_o gull_n gull_n to_o turn_v through_o the_o gull_n the_o mark_n for_o the_o south-sand-head_n viz._n the_o long_a mark_n to_o go_v without_o the_o goodwin-sand_n come_v from_o the_o southwestward_n be_v foulstone-steeple_n open_a of_o dover-land_n or_o the_o high_a cliff_n of_o dover_n open_a of_o the_o foreland_n these_o be_v shut_v in_o you_o run_v right_a upon_o it_o the_o direct_v thwart_o mark_n of_o the_o south-sand-head_n be_v ring-joul_a church_n mark_n thwart_v mark_n right_a over_o the_o valley_n or_o village_n of_o kings-down_a and_o then_o the_o wood_n end_n to_o the_o northward_a of_o the_o church_n will_v be_v right_a over_o the_o white_a mark_n of_o the_o gull_n run_v over_o in_o this_o mark_n you_o shall_v have_v three_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n but_o if_o you_o keep_v so_o far_o to_o the_o southward_a as_o to_o bring_v the_o wood_n end_v aforesaid_a right_n over_o the_o valley_n of_o kings-down_a you_o shall_v have_v five_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n and_o when_o you_o have_v bring_v the_o round_a grove_n of_o tree_n on_o the_o north-foreland_n right_v over_o against_o the_o valley_n of_o ramsgate_n than_o you_o may_v be_v sure_a you_o be_v within_o the_o sand_n or_o if_o you_o be_v turn_v out_o you_o can_v keep_v deal-church_n to_o the_o southwards_o of_o sand-down_a castle_n you_o may_v likewise_o steer_v out_o with_o that_o mark_n and_o it_o will_v carry_v you_o clear_v out_o the_o sand_n be_v flat_a and_o fair_a shoal_v both_o at_o the_o south_n and_o north-head_n but_o steep_a too_o on_o the_o east_n side_n to_o sail_v through_o the_o gull_n the_o gull_n be_v a_o channel_n that_o run_v between_o the_o goodwin-sand_n and_o the_o brake_n and_o therefore_o the_o mark_n to_o bring_v you_o through_o the_o down_n go_v to_o the_o northwards_o be_v these_o you_o must_v keep_v st._n margets-church_n which_o stand_v near_o the_o south-foreland_a on_o a_o piece_n of_o wall_n that_o be_v build_v near_o the_o three_o cliff_n to_o the_o northward_a of_o the_o south-foreland_n or_o else_o to_o bring_v the_o light-house_n in_o the_o south-swamp_n which_o mark_n will_v carry_v you_o through_o the_o gull_n and_o in_o the_o fair-way_n between_o the_o goodwin_n and_o the_o brake_n into_o 8_o 9_o and_z 10_o fathom_n water_n borrow_v on_o the_o brake_n in_o seven_o fathom_n and_o no_o near_o the_o bune-head_n than_o ten_o fathom_n bunt-head_n bunt-head_n and_o between_o the_o bunt-head_n and_o the_o north-sand-head_n in_o eight_o fathom_n direction_n to_o sail_n from_o the_o north-foreland_n through_o the_o gull_n in_o the_o night_n if_o your_o ground_n tackle_n shall_v fail_v you_o in_o the_o night_n ride_v at_o the_o north-foreland_n as_o very_o often_o have_v happen_v to_o divers_a ship_n and_o that_o you_o can_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o wind_n or_o tide_n weather_n the_o north-sand-head_n if_o you_o can_v but_o see_v the_o north-foreland_n light_n when_o you_o have_v bring_v that_o light-house_n to_o bear_v from_o you_o northwest_o or_o northwest_n by_o north_n then_o bear_v over_o into_o eight_o or_o nine_o fathom_n and_o be_v in_o that_o depth_n you_o may_v be_v sure_a it_o will_v steer_v to_o the_o southward_a s._n s._n w._n carry_v you_o direct_o through_o with_o the_o brake_n but_o keep_v your_o lead_n careful_o and_o borrow_v no_o near_a the_o brake_n then_o five_o fathom_n nor_o go_v not_o without_o nine_o fathom_n or_o nine_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a as_o you_o have_v that_o tide_n under_o you_o and_o this_o course_n will_v lead_v you_o through_o without_o danger_n direction_n for_o dover-road_n and_o so_o to_o dongeness_n and_o to_o the_o westward_n to_o beachy_a and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n the_o best_a ground_n in_o dover-road_n be_v with_o the_o white_a way_n to_o the_o north-westward_n of_o dover-castle_n dover-road_n mark_v to_o ride_v in_o dover-road_n or_o between_o that_o hill_n that_o come_v from_o st._n james_n church_n which_o be_v a_o flat_a steeple_n to_o the_o north_n end_n of_o dover_n town_n for_o a_o thwart_a mark_n and_o in_o what_o depth_n you_o please_v from_o seven_o to_o fourteen_o fathom_n thwart_v of_o foulstone_n in_o twelve_o or_o fourteen_o fathom_n you_o shall_v find_v very_o good_a ground_n likewise_o to_o the_o eastward_a of_o the_o ness_n you_o may_v ride_v in_o very_o good_a ground_n for_o a_o south-west_n wind_n in_o eight_o or_o nine_o fathom_n but_o if_o you_o set_v sail_n with_o a_o landerly_a wind_n do_v not_o come_v near_o the_o ness_n for_o there_o lie_v a_o bank_n within_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ness_n dongeness_n bank_n near_o dongeness_n that_o have_v not_o above_o fourteen_o foot_n on_o it_o at_o low-water_n in_o ordinary_a tide_n likewise_o to_o the_o westward_n of_o the_o ness_n there_o lie_v a_o bank_n alongst_o the_o channel_n that_o have_v not_o above_o three_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a at_o low-water_n and_o within_o it_o you_o shall_v have_v seven_o fathom_n likewise_o there_o be_v another_o riff_o or_o spit_v that_o do_v trend_a off_o from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ness_n s._n s._n e._n into_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v dangerous_a for_o a_o ship_n of_o draught_n if_o you_o be_v come_v from_o the_o westward_n and_o borrow_v close_o to_o the_o ness_n with_o a_o northerly_a wind_n also_o if_o you_o be_v bind_v to_o the_o westward_n or_o eastward_n with_o a_o northerly_a wind_n in_o a_o ship_n of_o draught_n be_v not_o covetous_a of_o keep_v close_o to_o the_o land_n for_o between_o fairley_n and_o beachy_a thwart_a of_o the_o castle_n of_o pemsy_n there_o lie_v divers_a reaches_n or_o overfall_n thwart_o the_o channel_n very_o little_a within_o the_o fair-way_n for_o beachy_a bear_n from_o you_o west_n by_o south_n half_a south_n and_o pemsy_a castle_n n._n n._n e._n from_o you_o there_o lie_v one_o that_o have_v not_o above_o fourteen_o foot_n at_o low-water_n near_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o channel_n six_o or_o seven_o league_n off_o fairley_n be_v between_o the_o n.n.w._n and_o n.n.e._n there_o lie_v a_o bank_n call_v the_o sow_n sow_n sow_n on_o the_o which_o in_o some_o place_n there_o be_v not_o above_o seven_o fathom_n the_o fisherman_n fish_n under_o it_o who_o may_v affright_v one_o in_o thick_a weather_n under_o beachy_a you_o may_v anchor_v to_o the_o eastward_n of_o it_o against_o a_o village_n call_v east-seaford_a for_o a_o westerly_a wind_n in_o seven_o eight_o or_o nine_o fathom_n thwart_v of_o a_o town_n call_v seaford_n the_o west_n ford_n of_o all_o the_o ford_n you_o may_v bring_v beachy_a in_o these_o depth_n to_o bear_v from_o you_o between_o the_o southeast_n by_o east_n and_o the_o east_n by_o south_n ten_o fathom_n beachy_a a_o rock_n near_o beachy_a there_o lie_v a_o rock_n a_o good_a birth_n from_o the_o shore_n thwart_v of_o a_o open_a bay_n to_o the_o westward_n of_o beachy_a between_o the_o seven_o cliff_n and_o beachy_a point_n to_o avoid_v this_o rock_n you_o must_v be_v sure_a to_o come_v no_o near_o the_o shore_n then_o nine_o or_o ten_o fathom_n yet_o all_o alongst_o the_o shore_n between_o seaford_n and_o arundel_n you_o shall_v find_v very_o fair_a shoal_v especial_o as_o far_o as_o shoram_n you_o must_v stand_v to_o the_o shore_n to_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n and_o good_a ground_n for_o to_o anchor_n in_o if_o occasion_n require_v but_o to_o the_o westward_n of_o that_o it_o be_v flat_a off_o the_o shore_n a_o league_n or_o two_o off_o you_o shall_v not_o in_o some_o place_n have_v above_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n and_o south_n off_o from_o arundel_n east-barrow-head_n east-barrow-head_n about_o six_o or_o seven_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n there_o lie_v a_o bank_n call_v the_o east-barrow-head_n which_o dri_v at_o low-water_n on_o spring-tyde_n near_o upon_o the_o length_n of_o a_o acre_n of_o ground_n to_o avoid_v this_o danger_n if_o you_o be_v bind_v to_o the_o westward_n from_o shoram_n go_v s.s.w._n into_o the_o sea_n until_o you_o bring_v yourself_o into_o eighteen_o fathom_n deep_a of_o water_n and_o then_o you_o may_v bold_o steer_v w._n s._n w._n and_o that_o course_n in_o this_o depth_n will_v lead_v you_o without_o the_o owers_n owers_n owers_n you_o shall_v have_v fifteen_o fathom_n close_o by_o this_o shoal_n from_o this_o to_o the_o owers_n it_o be_v about_o two_o league_n w._n s
w._n come_v no_o near_o unto_o they_o than_o 12_o or_o 14_o fathom_n and_o that_o depth_n will_v carry_v you_o without_o the_o owers_n between_o east-borrough-head_n and_o the_o owers_n about_o half_a a_o league_n northwest_o from_o the_o east-borrough-head_n there_o lie_v a_o ledge_n of_o rock_n on_o the_o which_o at_o low-water_n there_o be_v not_o above_o six_o foot_n owers_n thwart_v mark_n for_o the_o owers_n the_o thwart_a mark_n for_o the_o owers_n be_v chichester_n spire_n steeple_n n.n.w._n from_o you_o and_o for_o the_o other_o side_n of_o they_o for_o a_o long_a mark_n mark._n the_o long_a mark._n set_v the_o point_n of_o donnose_n with_o your_o compass_n it_o will_v bear_v direct_o west_n by_o south_n half_a south_n donnose_n w._n s._n w._n be_v right_a upon_o they_o to_o avoid_v these_o danger_n if_o you_o be_v come_v from_o the_o eastward_n with_o a_o northerly_a wind_n be_v sure_a to_o keep_v in_o eighteen_o fathom_n or_o more_o also_o if_o you_o be_v come_v from_o the_o westward_n you_o must_v not_o steer_v east_n by_o north_n or_o keep_v yourself_o in_o the_o abovesaid_a depth_n some_o that_o have_v be_v deceive_v come_v from_o the_o westward_n and_o be_v close_o aboard_o of_o donnese_n have_v steer_v east_n by_o north_n and_o e._n n._n e._n not_o regard_v the_o latter_a part_n of_o the_o tide_n of_o flood_n which_o set_v into_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n they_o have_v be_v in_o shoal_n water_n on_o the_o owers_n before_o they_o think_v of_o they_o to_o sail_v into_o the_o camber_a of_o rye_n to_o sail_v into_o the_o cambes_n of_o rye_n come_v from_o the_o west_n you_o must_v keep_v beachy_a from_o the_o point_n of_o fairlee_n and_o run_v so_o towards_o the_o ness_n then_o edge_n up_o to_o the_o westward_n and_o leave_v the_o beacon_n on_o the_o starboard_n until_o you_o come_v before_o camber_n castle_n that_o stand_v upon_o the_o souther_a shindle_n there_o you_o may_v anchor_v in_o four_o or_o five_o fathom_n from_o thence_o alongst_o even_o unto_o the_o town_n of_o rye_n it_o be_v all_o set_v with_o beacon_n that_o stand_v alongst_o the_o east_n shindle_n unto_o the_o dary_n which_o at_o low-water_n fall_v dry_a dary_n dary_n in_o sail_v into_o rye_n you_o must_v leave_v all_o the_o beacon_n on_o the_o starboard-side_n and_o run_v indifferent_a close_o alongst_o by_o they_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ness_n and_o beachy_a lie_n w._n s._n w._n and_o e._n n._n e._n distant_a seven_o league_n beachy_a lie_n by_o the_o seven_o white_a clist_n the_o best_a know_a land_n a_o man_n can_v see_v any_o where_n to_o the_o eastward_n of_o beachy_a you_o may_v anchor_v for_o westerly_a wind_n in_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n so_o that_o the_o point_n be_v south_n and_o south_n by_o west_n from_o you_o to_o the_o westward_a of_o the_o point_n of_o beachy_a thwart_o the_o west_n end_n of_o the_o seven_o cliff_n right_a against_o the_o shindle_n where_o man_n may_v run_v alongst_o into_o new-haven_n you_o may_v also_o anchor_v in_o 7_o 8_o and_z 9_o fathom_n from_o the_o say_a point_n lie_v a_o little_a shoal_n upon_o which_o there_o be_v at_o low-water_n and_o spring-tyde_n scarce_o two_o fathom_n to_o sail_v into_o new-haven_n at_o the_o west_n end_n of_o the_o seven_o cliff_n lie_v new-haven_n which_o have_v two_o entrance_n to_o be_v use_v know_v of_o late_o there_o have_v be_v some_o alteration_n of_o this_o â—â—bour_n the_o direction_n for_o which_o be_v not_o yet_o know_v the_o westermost_a lie_v in_o by_o the_o west_n land_n and_o be_v not_o navigable_a but_o only_o by_o small_a vessel_n it_o fall_v altogether_o dry_a at_o low-water_n the_o eastermost_a be_v common_o best_a and_o lie_v northwest_o by_o west_n in_o there_o be_v at_o high-water_n with_o a_o common_a tide_n not_o above_o seven_o and_o at_o spring-tyde_n fourteen_o and_o fifteen_o foot_n within_o the_o ship_n lie_v every_o tide_n dry_a except_o before_o the_o village_n they_o remain_v afloat_o where_o they_o moor_v with_o four_o cable_n fast_o on_o two_o green_a shore_n upon_o these_o entrance_n you_o can_v well_o make_v any_o reckon_n for_o they_o keep_v no_o certain_a depth_n for_o with_o southerly_a wind_n and_o stormy_a weather_n they_o be_v often_o cast_v too_o with_o a_o shindle_n and_o open_v again_o with_o a_o freeshut_n to_o sail_v into_o shorum_n shorum_fw-la be_v a_o tydehaven_n where_o be_v at_o high-water_n and_o spring-tyde_n eighteen_o foot_n but_o at_o low-water_n there_o remain_v no_o more_o than_o three_o foot_n for_o it_o flow_v fifteen_o foot_n up_o and_o down_o there_o be_v twelve_o foot_n at_o high-water_n and_o three_o foot_n at_o common_a tide_n the_o town_n of_o shorum_n lie_v almost_o a_o mile_n within_o the_o haven_n vessel_n that_o draw_v but_o eight_o or_o nine_o foot_n can_v lie_v afloat_o a_o little_a below_o the_o town_n at_o low-water_n or_o else_o they_o lie_v dry_v every_o where_o when_o you_o come_v from_o the_o eastward_n from_o beachy_a or_o new-haven_n alongst_o by_o the_o shore_n you_o may_v see_v open_a into_o the_o haven_n before_o you_o come_v thwart_v of_o it_o but_o come_v from_o the_o westward_n you_o shall_v not_o see_v it_o open_a before_o you_o come_v right_a against_o it_o because_o the_o west_n point_n lie_v somewhat_o far_o out_o than_o the_o east_n point_n from_o the_o west_n point_n run_v off_o a_o little_a tail_n but_o at_o high-water_n you_o may_v run_v in_o alongst_o over_o it_o otherwise_o you_o must_v run_v in_o by_o the_o east_n shore_n upon_o the_o east_n point_v stand_v two_o beacon_n which_o you_o must_v bring_v one_o in_o the_o other_o and_o so_o run_v in_o right_n with_o they_o until_o you_o come_v by_o the_o north_n shore_n and_o then_o in_o alongst_o by_o it_o to_o sail_v into_o arundel_n about_o six_o league_n to_o the_o westward_a of_o new-haven_n lie_v arundel_n a_o tydehaven_n where_o a_o ship_n may_v go_v in_o at_o half-flood_n you_o must_v go_v in_o there_o by_o the_o west_n land_n north-east_n in_o in_o the_o entry_n it_o be_v two_o and_o between_o the_o land_n three_o fathom_n at_o high-water_n but_o within_o the_o haven_n remain_v at_o low-water_n four_o and_o five_o fathom_n there_o you_o must_v anchor_v before_o the_o village_n between_o seaford_n and_o arundel_n you_o will_v find_v very_o good_a shoaling_n especial_o as_o far_o as_o shorum_n you_o may_v stand_v to_o the_o shore_n in_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n and_o good_a ground_n to_o anchor_n if_o occasion_n require_v but_o to_o the_o westward_a of_o that_o it_o be_v flat_a off_o the_o shore_n a_o league_n or_o two_o off_o you_o shall_v not_o have_v above_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n south_n of_o arundel_n about_o six_o or_o seven_o mile_n there_o lie_v a_o bank_n call_v east-borrough-head_n east-barrow-head_n east-barrow-head_n which_o dri_v at_o low-water_n at_o spring-tyde_n near_o upon_o a_o furlong_n to_o avoid_v this_o danger_n if_o you_o be_v bind_v to_o the_o southward_n from_o shorum_n run_v s._n s._n w._n into_o the_o sea_n until_o you_o get_v eighteen_o fathom_n and_o then_o you_o may_v steer_v bold_o w._n s._n w._n and_o that_o course_n will_v lead_v you_o without_o the_o owers_n close_o by_o this_o shoal_n you_o shall_v have_v fifteen_o fathom_n betwixt_o the_o owers_n and_o portsmouth_n go_v a_o great_a sound_n or_o haven_n with_o it_o lie_v the_o town_n of_o chichester_n mark_v to_o go_v into_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n if_o come_v from_o the_o eastward_n you_o desire_v to_o go_v into_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n then_o when_o you_o have_v bring_v the_o culvers-cliff_n which_o be_v a_o white_a chalk_n cliff_n without_o st._n helen_n w._n n._n w._n then_o you_o may_v steer_v in_o right_a with_o it_o towards_o st._n helen_n point_n in_o this_o course_n you_o shall_v meet_v divers_a overfall_n whereon_o you_o water_n will_v shoal_n 1_o 2_o or_o 3_o fathom_n but_o if_o you_o be_v come_v out_o of_o wight_n with_o a_o flood_n bind_v for_o the_o eastward_n then_o especial_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o the_o flood_n when_o you_o be_v without_o st._n helen_n steer_v off_o s._n s._n e._n and_o south_n by_o east_n if_o the_o wind_n will_v give_v you_o leave_v until_o you_o have_v bring_v the_o abovesaid_a cliff_n to_o bear_v northwest_o by_o west_n and_o northwest_n then_o steer_v off_o southeast_n by_o east_n or_o southeast_n until_o you_o come_v to_o sixteen_o or_o eighteen_o fathom_n a_o certain_a depth_n before_o you_o steer_v away_o east_n by_o north_n for_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o the_o flood_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o indraught_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n set_v in_o from_o donnose_n north-east_n by_o north_n and_o north-east_n as_o far_o to_o the_o eastward_n as_o the_o owers_n if_o in_o the_o channel_n some_o five_o league_n from_o donnose_n southeast_n there_o be_v a_o thwart_a ledge_n or_o a_o overfall_n
on_o which_o there_o be_v not_o above_o seven_o fathom_n in_o some_o place_n if_o any_o shall_v meet_v with_o this_o shoal_n come_v into_o the_o channel_n it_o will_v fright_v they_o for_o within_o a_o league_n to_o the_o westward_n of_o it_o there_o be_v 30_o fathom_n and_o upward_o direction_n for_o pilote_v a_o ship_n in_o at_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n and_o to_o portsmouth-harbour_n and_o also_o for_o hampton-water_n if_o you_o come_v from_o the_o eastward_n with_o a_o northerly_a wind_n and_o bind_v into_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n or_o portsmouth_n after_o you_o be_v come_v to_o the_o westward_n of_o the_o shoal_n call_v the_o owers_n as_o by_o the_o aforesaid_a direction_n you_o may_v hale_v in_o northwest_n with_o st._n helen_n point_n but_o do_v not_o cover_v to_o hale_v too_o much_o to_o the_o northwards_o for_o there_o lie_v a_o bank_n off_o longstone_n haven_n to_o the_o eastward_n of_o the_o horse_n that_o have_v not_o above_o thirteen_o foot_n on_o it_o at_o low-water_n but_o keep_v of_o your_o lead_n in_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n carry_v you_o clear_a without_o it_o and_o will_v bring_v you_o to_o the_o southeast_n end_n of_o the_o sand_n call_v the_o horse_n horse_n horse_n st._n helen_n church_n south-west_n by_o west_n from_o you_o you_o may_v run_v in_o in_o five_o fathom_n and_o when_o you_o have_v bring_v the_o westermost_a great_a white_a patch_n or_o chalk_n upon_o parch-down_a which_o be_v the_o high_a land_n to_o the_o northwards_o of_o portsmouth_n a_o ship_n length_n to_o the_o westward_a of_o south-sea-castle_n that_o stand_v upon_o the_o beach_n than_o you_o may_v be_v bold_a to_o luff_fw-mi up_o for_o you_o be_v then_o to_o the_o westward_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o steer_v with_o that_o mark_n it_o will_v lead_v you_o in_o alongst_o the_o horse_n until_o you_o come_v unto_o the_o beach_n and_o so_o into_o the_o harbour_n of_o portsmouth_n keep_v alongst_o close_a to_o the_o shore_n until_o you_o come_v to_o the_o town_n wall_n end_n and_o there_o you_o must_v bear_v off_o a_o little_a for_o a_o flat_a that_o lie_v off_o from_o the_o shore_n this_o be_v for_o a_o easterly_a wind._n and_o if_o you_o intend_v for_o stokes-bay_n when_o you_o have_v bring_v the_o fire-beacon_n on_o brown_n down_o which_o be_v to_o the_o w._n n._n westward_n of_o hazle-wood_n point_n within_o a_o ship_n length_n without_o the_o say_a point_n than_o you_o may_v bear_v to_o the_o westward_n alongst_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o spit-head_n which_o be_v the_o shoal_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o entry_n of_o portsmouth-haven_n if_o the_o wind_n be_v westerly_a or_o southerly_a and_o that_o you_o be_v come_v from_o the_o westward_n and_o will_v go_v into_o st._n hellens-road_n or_o stokes-bay_n from_o donnose_n to_o st._n helen_n point_n your_o course_n be_v north-east_n by_o north_n and_o n._n n._n e._n but_o borrow_v no_o near_o to_o st._n helen_n than_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n for_o the_o spit_n lie_v off_o a_o great_a way_n but_o if_o it_o be_v clear_a wether_n that_o you_o may_v keep_v the_o castle_n call_v sand-down-castle_n open_v of_o the_o culver-cliff_n that_o mark_n will_v lead_v you_o without_o the_o spit_n of_o the_o point_n and_o steer_v alongst_o in_o this_o mark_n until_o you_o open_v st._n helen_n church_n some_o four_o sail_n breadth_n or_o two_o ship_n length_n open_a of_o the_o red_a cliff_n within_o st._n helen_n point_n or_o port-sea-castle_n to_o the_o eastward_n of_o south-sea-castle_n then_o be_v you_o clear_a of_o the_o point_n and_o may_v steer_v unto_o st._n helen_n road_n northwest_o and_o have_v bring_v the_o point_n south_n by_o west_n or_o between_o that_o and_o the_o south_n by_o east_n you_o may_v anchor_v in_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n very_o good_a ground_n note_v this_o that_o you_o have_v no_o good_a clear_a ground_n all_o alongst_o the_o island_n until_o you_o have_v open_v st._n helen_n church_n as_o abovesaid_a and_o have_v bring_v the_o point_n to_o bear_v from_o you_o s._n s._n w._n from_o st._n helen_n point_n to_o go_v between_o nomans-land_n and_o the_o hearse_n your_o direct_a course_n in_o be_v northwest_o by_o north_n and_o northwest_n but_o you_o have_v no_o shoal_v upon_o the_o south-west_n side_n on_o nomans-land_n for_o you_o shall_v have_v sixteen_o fathom_n and_o the_o next_o cast_v but_o three_o but_o at_o the_o horse_n you_o may_v stand_v in_o ten_o nine_o or_o eight_o fathom_n if_o the_o strong_a tide_n be_v bend_v and_o smooth_a water_n you_o shall_v have_v a_o great_a wash_n of_o they_o by_o the_o overfall_n of_o the_o water_n or_o the_o wash_n of_o they_o both_o but_o especial_o on_o nomans-land_n if_o it_o be_v clear_a wether_n there_o be_v very_o good_a mark_n to_o lead_v you_o in_o which_o be_v as_o follow_v keep_v the_o two_o windmill_n on_o the_o down_n on_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n that_o you_o may_v see_v they_o clear_v over_o all_o the_o tree_n that_o be_v between_o you_o and_o they_o but_o no_o more_o above_o they_o then_o even_o clear_a and_o this_o mark_n will_v lead_v you_o in_o and_o so_o up_o alongst_o the_o island_n without_o some_o middleground_n that_o lie_v to_o the_o w._n s._n westward_o of_o the_o point_n of_o nomans-land_n also_o from_o st._n helen_n point_n you_o have_v if_o it_o be_v clear_a wether_n that_o you_o can_v see_v it_o a_o direct_a mark_n viz._n a_o piece_n of_o a_o old_a castle_n heretofore_o call_v hazle-wood-castle_n stand_v on_o gilkeke_a point_n which_o of_o late_o be_v keep_v white_a keep_v gosbere_n church_n and_o that_o both_o in_o one_o or_o this_o mark_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o wood_n about_o the_o church_n which_o show_v with_o a_o valley_n like_o a_o saddle_n and_o so_o you_o may_v run_v direct_o in_o without_o fear_n or_o if_o the_o wind_n be_v so_o that_o you_o be_v force_v to_o turn_v in_o than_o you_o may_v turn_v the_o say_a mark_n within_o two_o sail_n breadth_n of_o each_o end_n of_o the_o wood_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o channel_n you_o shall_v have_v eighteen_o fathom_v water_n and_o if_o so_o be_v that_o you_o bring_v the_o say_v mark_n right_o under_o the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o wood_n you_o shall_v run_v in_o a_o middleground_n near_o the_o horse_n that_o have_v not_o above_o ten_o foot_n on_o it_o at_o low-water_n and_o hard_a sand._n the_o thwart_a mark_n of_o nomans-land_n the_o thwart_a mark_n of_o the_o northermost_a point_n of_o nomans-land_n be_v the_o eastermost_a windmill_n upon_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n right_a over_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o valley_n that_o be_v next_o to_o the_o north-westward_n of_o the_o point_n to_o the_o northwards_o of_o st._n helen_n church_n and_o have_v bring_v this_o mill_n on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o say_a valley_n you_o may_v be_v sure_a you_o be_v to_o the_o westward_o or_o with_o nomans-land_n and_o may_v steer_v alongst_o the_o island_n towards_o stokes-bay_n or_o the_o cow_n if_o you_o will_v anchor_v in_o stokes-bay_n stocks-bay_n mark_n to_o anthor_n in_o stocks-bay_n bring_v south-sea_n castle_n over_o the_o point_n of_o the_o beach_n of_o gilkeker_n for_o your_o long_a mark_n and_o the_o church_n of_o gosper_v open_a between_o the_o tree_n there_o you_o shall_v have_v very_o good_a ground_n and_o twelve_o fathom_n deep_a if_o the_o wind_n be_v westerly_a that_o you_o be_v force_v to_o turn_v up_o to_o stokes-bay_n or_o the_o cow_n you_o may_v stand_v over_o to_o the_o spâ—t-head_n into_o nine_o eight_o or_o seven_o fathom_n and_o towards_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n into_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n but_o between_o nomans-land_n and_o rid_v you_o shall_v meet_v with_o two_o or_o three_o middle-ground_n on_o which_o you_o shall_v have_v three_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n and_o then_o six_o fathom_n and_o over_o the_o other_o two_o three_o fathom_n and_o the_o like_a depth_n between_o they_o and_o so_o to_o the_o southward_n of_o they_o you_o shall_v have_v six_o fathom_v not_o far_o from_o the_o dry_a owze_n off_o ride_v but_o upon_o the_o northermost_a middleground_n of_o these_o three_o upon_o one_o place_n of_o it_o there_o be_v not_o above_o thirteen_o foot_n at_o low-water_n the_o thwart_a mark_n to_o run_v upon_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v the_o westermost_a white_a patch_n of_o parch-down_a right_n over_o hazle-wood-castle_n and_o when_o you_o be_v so_o far_o to_o the_o westward_n that_o you_o have_v bring_v the_o grove_n of_o tree_n on_o parch-down_a to_o the_o eastward_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a white_a patch_n right_a over_o hazle-wood-castle_n than_o you_o shall_v have_v three_o fathom_n over_o it_o at_o low-water_n but_o if_o you_o anchor_n near_o the_o east_n point_n there_o you_o shall_v have_v deep_a water_n and_o can_v set_v sail_n to_o go_v out_o so_o well_o against_o
the_o cows-road_n or_o reach_v from_o the_o south-west_n point_v of_o the_o redcliff_n on_o bully-side_n to_o the_o eastward_a of_o calshot-castle_n on_o the_o which_o there_o be_v not_o above_o three_o foot_n at_o low-water_n on_o a_o springtide_n it_o lie_v two_o three_o of_o the_o channel_n from_o the_o island_n steer_v from_o the_o cows-road_n north-east_n by_o north_n and_o north-east_n until_o you_o have_v bring_v the_o whole_a town_n of_o hampton_n open_a to_o the_o eastward_a of_o calshot-castle_n then_o luff_o up_o or_o bear_v right_a in_o with_o hampton_n and_o you_o shall_v go_v over_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o bramble_n into_o two_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a or_o three_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n and_o steer_v in_o so_o keep_v hampton_n open_v until_o you_o come_v within_o the_o castle_n there_o be_v likewise_o a_o channel_n between_o the_o bramble_n and_o the_o main_a for_o small_a ship_n but_o there_o be_v not_o above_o ten_o foot_n at_o low-water_n the_o lead_a mark_n to_o carry_v you_o in_o or_o out_o in_o this_o channel_n be_v the_o westermost_a windmill_n or_o porchdown_a right_a between_o to_o the_o red_a patch_n of_o the_o cliff_n by_o the_o seaside_n near_o teachfield-haven_n but_o there_o be_v divers_a patch_n on_o the_o say_a cliff_n so_o that_o this_o mark_n may_v deceive_v you_o therefore_o look_v out_o towards_o the_o south-west_n end_n of_o the_o wight_n towards_o yarmouth_n there_o you_o shall_v see_v two_o hill_n make_v with_o a_o valley_n between_o they_o also_o to_o the_o eastward_a of_o yarmouth_n you_o shall_v see_v close_o by_o the_o waterside_n a_o black_a hill_n bring_v that_o hill_n in_o the_o valley_n between_o the_o aforesaid_a hill_n and_o something_o on_o upon_o the_o southermost_a hill_n and_o that_o mark_v keep_v will_v lead_v you_o through_o in_o fourteen_o foot_n water_n at_o quarter-flood_n and_o when_o you_o have_v bring_v hampton_n open_v of_o calshot-castle_n than_o you_o be_v to_o the_o eastward_a of_o the_o spit_n of_o owze_n that_o lie_v off_o from_o the_o castle_n and_o may_v bear_v in_o as_o abovesaid_a direction_n to_o sail_n into_o pool_n a_o league_n to_o the_o northward_a of_o the_o aforesaid_a point_n lie_v the_o haven_n of_o pool_n for_o to_o sail_v in_o there_o come_v about_o hand-fast-point_n you_o must_v go_v northwest_o or_o somewhat_o more_o northerly_a than_o you_o may_v perceive_v right_a a-head_n a_o high_a flat_a hill_n which_o stand_v high_a than_o any_o other_o land_n thereabouts_o keep_v that_o betwixt_o two_o shore_n and_o run_v in_o right_a with_o it_o but_o if_o you_o turn_v in_o then_o spare_v not_o your_o lead_n and_o run_v not_o far_o over_o to_o the_o westward_a than_o till_o that_o flat_a hill_n come_v to_o the_o west-land_n when_o it_o begin_v to_o touch_v you_o must_v about_o or_o else_o you_o shall_v be_v fast_o aground_n when_o you_o be_v about_o run_v no_o further_o to_o the_o eastward_n than_o that_o the_o aforesaid_a hill_n come_v over_o to_o the_o east_n sandhill_n pool_n mark_v to_o go_v into_o pool_n which_o be_v a_o high_a gray_a sharp_a sandhill_n lie_v at_o the_o east_n side_n if_o you_o keep_v these_o foresay_a mark_n in_o this_o manner_n you_o shall_v have_v go_v in_o there_o at_o half-flood_n water_n enough_o there_o remain_v in_o the_o shoal_a ten_o and_o eleven_o foot_n at_o low-water_n but_o it_o flow_v there_o no_o more_o than_o five_o foot_n up_o and_o down_o it_o flow_v there_o twice_o in_o one_o tide_n a_o southeast_n and_o northwest_n moon_n make_v there_o full_a sea_n also_o a_o south_n by_o east_n and_o north_n by_o west_n moon_n make_v high-water_n which_o come_v to_o pass_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o fore-ebb_n that_o come_v out_o of_o the_o wight_n when_o you_o come_v without_o the_o entry_n go_v then_o n._n n._n e._n on_o and_o keep_v the_o beacon_n that_o stand_v on_o the_o east_n land_n on_o the_o starboard_n from_o you_o and_o run_v indifferent_a close_o alongst_o by_o they_o the_o shore_n be_v on_o both_o side_n steep_a and_o the_o channel_n be_v not_o wide_a without_o the_o channel_n it_o be_v shoal_n or_o flat_a this_o be_v pilot_n water_n direction_n for_o portland_n and_o sail_v into_o weymouth_n from_o the_o west_n end_n of_o the_o wight_n to_o the_o point_n of_o portland_n the_o course_n be_v w._n s._n w._n eleven_o league_n but_o for_o donnose_n west_n by_o south_n thirteen_o league_n if_o you_o will_v go_v to_o anchor_n under_o portland_n portland-road_n portland-road_n come_v from_o the_o west_n come_v within_o a_o musket_n shoot_v about_o by_o the_o point_n of_o portland_n and_o be_v come_v about_o the_o second_o point_n whereon_o the_o castle_n stand_v edge_n up_o to_o the_o westward_a until_o you_o come_v before_o the_o castle_n and_o anchor_n there_o in_o 7_o 8_o 9_o 10_o or_o 11_o fathom_n so_o that_o the_o point_n of_o portland_n do_v lie_v south_n by_o east_n and_o s._n s._n e._n from_o you_o there_o you_o shall_v lie_v land-lockt_a for_o a_o south_n and_o south_n by_o east_n wind_n with_o a_o south_n west_n and_o a_o s._n s._n w._n wind_n you_o must_v be_v very_o mindful_a of_o the_o terrible_a ripling_n of_o the_o race_n of_o portland_n which_o begin_v a_o little_a to_o the_o westward_a of_o portland_n and_o end_v a_o little_a to_o the_o westward_a of_o st._n albon_n the_o ground_n in_o that_o race_n be_v very_o uneven_a and_o shoal_n in_o some_o place_n seven_o in_o other_o ten_o and_o also_o fifteen_o fathom_n about_o a_o league_n to_o the_o northwards_o of_o the_o road_n of_o portland_n weymouth_n weymouth_n lie_v a_o town_n call_v weymouth_n which_o have_v a_o tydehaven_n before_o it_o you_o may_v anchor_v in_o four_o or_o five_o fathom_n to_o sail_v from_o portland_n to_o exmouth_n from_o portland_n to_o exmouth_n the_o course_n be_v w._n n._n w._n thirteen_o league_n betwixt_o they_o both_o lie_v a_o little_a island_n close_o by_o the_o land_n cob-island_n cob-island_n before_o lime-haven_n call_v cob._n before_o exmouth_n exmouth_n exmouth_n man_n may_v ride_v at_o the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o shindle_n which_o lie_v before_o the_o haven_n in_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n so_o that_o the_o rock_n of_o tomans-stone_n do_v bear_v south_n or_o south_n by_o east_n from_o you_o there_o you_o will_v have_v good_a ground_n and_o land-lockt_a for_o all_o wind_n five_o league_n south_n and_o south_n by_o west_n from_o exmouth_n lie_v torbay_n and_o lie_v from_o portland_n west_n and_o west_n by_o south_n thirteen_o league_n for_o to_o go_v into_o torbay_n torbay_n torbay_n you_o must_v bring_v the_o west_n point_n or_o the_o berry_n south_n by_o east_n or_o s.s.e._n from_o you_o and_o anchor_n therein_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n there_o you_o shall_v lie_v land-lockt_a for_o a_o south_n wind_n and_o south-west_n wind_n at_o the_o north-east_n end_n of_o the_o bay_n be_v also_o a_o tydehaven_n call_v the_o tormain_a tormain_n tormain_n before_o it_o be_v good_a anchor-ground_n in_o four_o or_o five_o fathom_n according_a as_o you_o will_v lie_v near_o or_o far_o from_o the_o shore_n to_o sail_v into_o dartmouth_n three_o or_o four_o league_n to_o the_o westward_a of_o torbay_n lie_v the_o haven_n of_o dartmouth_n which_o have_v a_o narrow_a entry_n lie_v in_o betwixt_o two_o highland_n upon_o each_o side_n of_o the_o haven_n stand_v a_o little_a castle_n on_o the_o west_n side_n be_v a_o church_n on_o the_o high-land_n call_v st._n patricks-church_n for_o to_o sail_v in_o come_v from_o the_o start_n or_o from_o the_o westward_o you_o must_v run_v in_o alongst_o by_o the_o wester-land_n so_o far_o to_o the_o eastward_a until_o you_o bring_v the_o key_n of_o the_o village_n on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o haven_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o haven_n betwixt_o the_o two_o land_n and_o you_o must_v be_v very_o ready_a with_o your_o boat_n if_o any_o gust_n of_o wind_n shall_v come_v from_o the_o high-land_n for_o to_o row_v in_o be_v come_v in_o edge_z over_z to_o the_o west_n side_n before_o the_o brewhouse_n and_o anchor_n there_o in_o ten_o or_o eleven_o fathom_n or_o before_o the_o village_n on_o the_o east_n side_n where_o you_o please_v at_o the_o east_n side_n lie_v a_o sink_a rock_n rock_n a_o sink_a rock_n the_o mark_n to_o avoid_v it_o be_v these_o steer_v in_o with_o st._n patrick_n church_n and_o bring_v not_o the_o village_n which_o stand_v on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o harbour_n without_o the_o say_a church_n but_o keep_v the_o outer_a house_n of_o the_o say_a village_n in_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o chapel_n and_o always_o in_o sight_n without_o the_o bullwork_n on_o the_o north_n side_n by_o st._n patrick_n church_n then_o can_v you_o take_v no_o hurt_n of_o the_o rock_n in_o the_o range_v by_o the_o north_n point_n betwixt_o dartmouth_n and_o the_o start_n near_o to_o
a_o cable_n length_n off_o the_o shore_n thwart_n lie_v a_o sink_a rock_n call_v the_o woolman_n woolman_n woolman_n the_o lead_a mark_n to_o go_v clear_a of_o it_o be_v two_o rock_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o west_n side_n within_o the_o haven_n the_o one_o to_o wit_n the_o innermost_a be_v somewhat_o great_a than_o the_o other_o if_o you_o bring_v they_o one_o in_o the_o other_o or_o the_o northermost_a a_o little_a open_a to_o the_o eastward_a of_o the_o other_o so_o as_o that_o you_o may_v see_v between_o they_o keep_v they_o so_o sail_n right_a in_o than_o you_o need_v not_o fear_v the_o woolman_n remember_v that_o you_o ride_v not_o too_o near_o the_o island_n for_o it_o be_v all_o foul_a ground_n but_o upon_o crow-sand_n and_o between_o that_o and_o the_o northermost_a rock_n be_v clear_a ground_n then_o the_o point_n of_o st._n mary_n will_v bear_v from_o you_o e._n s._n e._n and_o the_o broad-sound_a will_v be_v open_a from_o the_o south-west_n by_o west_n to_o the_o west_n by_o south_n but_o if_o you_o will_v ride_v near_o the_o north-rock_n you_o shall_v have_v it_o but_o two_o point_n open_a &_o st._n maries_n sound_v close_o but_o than_o you_o shall_v not_o get_v out_o of_o st._n mary_n sound_n if_o the_o wind_n blow_n at_o south-west_n smiths-sound_a be_v very_o dangerous_a except_o a_o man_n be_v force_v to_o it_o i_o will_v advise_v he_o not_o to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o channel_n there_o be_v water_n enough_o but_o it_o be_v very_o narrow_a keep_v therefore_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o it_o lie_v northwest_o the_o ground_n of_o silly_a be_v somewhat_o stony_a and_o some_o red_a shell_n in_o it_o direction_n for_o sail_v in_o the_o channel_n betwixt_o england_n and_o france_n in_o thick_a and_o dark_a wether_n if_o you_o be_v sure_a by_o your_o reckon_n height_n and_o depth_n that_o you_o be_v enter_v into_o the_o channel_n to_o the_o eastward_a of_o the_o lizard_n be_v not_o fearful_a but_o bear_v over_o to_o the_o english_a shore_n so_o that_o the_o wind_n be_v at_o s._n s._n w._n or_o south_n by_o west_n until_o you_o come_v to_o 45_o or_o 46_o fathom_n then_o steer_v away_o e.n.e._n and_o east_n by_o north_n and_o steer_v so_o and_o keep_v your_o lead_n when_o you_o come_v to_o be_v thwart_a of_o the_o start_n you_o shall_v have_v 44_o or_o 43_o fathom_n and_o fine_a white_a sand_n then_o be_v you_o between_o 4_o and_o 5_o league_n from_o the_o shore_n but_o to_o be_v the_o more_o certain_a where_o you_o be_v when_o you_o come_v to_o this_o white_a sand_n steer_v away_o e.n.e._n keep_v your_o lead_n every_o hour_n at_o least_o until_o you_o come_v to_o 35_o fathom_n black_a peppery_a sand_n than_o you_o be_v right_a and_o may_v bold_o say_v that_o you_o be_v some_o four_o league_n off_o the_o berry_n it_o bear_v from_o you_o n._n w._n by_o north_n then_o steer_v away_o east_n by_o north_n still_o wet_v your_o lead_n and_o when_o you_o come_v to_o be_v thwart_a of_o lime_n you_o shall_v have_v 33_o fathom_n fish_v ground_n and_o still_o steer_v east_n by_o north_n before_o you_o come_v near_o portland_n in_o the_o same_o depth_n your_o ground_n will_v be_v somewhat_o red_a like_o unto_o green_a lime_n ballast_n continue_v your_o course_n east_n by_o north_n and_o when_o you_o come_v near_o unto_o portland_n the_o ground_n will_v be_v small_a shingle_a stone_n and_o thwart_v of_o portland_n the_o stone_n will_v be_v as_o big_a as_o rean_o or_o pease_n and_o 32_o or_o 33_o fathom_n then_o be_v you_o between_o 3_o and_o 4_o league_n and_o still_o continue_v your_o course_n it_o will_v carry_v you_o so_o far_o without_o donnose_n or_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n thwart_v of_o st._n alban_n you_o shall_v have_v 27_o fathom_n and_o thwart_v of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o wight_n 20_o fathom_n and_o thwart_v of_o donnose_n 18_o fathom_n and_o so_o the_o owers_n note_v that_o all_o the_o coast_n between_o st._n albon_n and_o the_o owers_n there_o will_v be_v little_a or_o nothing_o come_v up_o only_o dent_n in_o the_o tallow_n and_o some_o blow_a sand_n that_o will_v crumble_v between_o your_o finger_n but_o continue_v your_o course_n so_o soon_o as_o you_o be_v pass_v the_o owers_n you_o shall_v deepen_v your_o water_n to_o 26_o or_o 30_o fathom_n small_a gravelly_a sand_n and_o fish_v ground_n and_o come_v towards_o beachy_a or_o thwart_v of_o shorum_n in_o your_o course_n you_o shall_v have_v 36_o fathom_n and_o near_o thwart_v of_o beachy_a 33_o fathom_n then_o steer_v away_o e._n n._n e._n be_v by_o your_o judgement_n past_o beacby_n then_o edge_n or_o bear_v over_o to_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n still_o keep_v your_o lead_n till_o you_o come_v to_o 20_o 18_o or_o 16_o fathom_n as_o the_o wind_n be_v and_o be_v in_o 16_o fathom_n steer_v away_o e._n n._n e._n and_o that_o birth_n will_v carry_v you_o a_o fair_a birth_n off_o the_o ness_n yet_o although_o you_o be_v in_o thirteen_o fathom_n your_o course_n will_v carry_v you_o without_o the_o ness_n and_o when_o you_o draw_v near_o unto_o the_o ness_n you_o will_v find_v eighteen_o or_o twenty_o fathom_n sh_o ground_n and_o continue_v still_o this_o course_n you_o will_v come_v to_o have_v 22_o fathom_n fine_a white_a sand_n than_o you_o may_v be_v sure_a you_o be_v to_o the_o eastward_a of_o the_o ness_n and_o may_v steer_v away_o north-east_n and_o north-east_n by_o north_n with_o the_o say_v foreland_n or_o edge_n into_o the_o shore_n in_o 10_o 11_o or_o 12_o fathom_n and_o that_o depth_n will_v lead_v you_o along_o the_o coast_n and_o will_v carry_v you_o unto_o the_o down_n but_o come_v to_o be_v past_o the_o south-foreland_n you_o must_v borrow_v upon_o the_o land_n into_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n but_o if_o you_o will_v pass_v through_o on_o the_o back_n side_n of_o the_o goodwin_n from_o 22_o fathom_n fine_a white_a sand_n steer_v north-east_n and_o north-east_n by_o east_n â—_o or_o keep_v yourself_o in_o eighteen_o fathom_n and_o you_o go_v without_o the_o sand_n fourteen_o fathom_n go_v right_a with_o it_o note_v that_o between_o foulstone_n and_o the_o north-sand-head_n the_o ground_n be_v all_o one_o thus_o show_v the_o land_n on_o the_o west-coast_n of_o england_n from_o the_o down_n to_o silly_a thus_o show_v dover_n when_o you_o sail_n to_o the_o westward_n of_o the_o vane_n or_o ripraps_n thus_o show_v the_o north-foreland_n when_o you_o sail_n towards_o it_o from_o the_o down_n thus_o show_v fairlee_n when_o you_o sail_n by_o it_o thus_o show_v fairlee_n when_o you_o sail_n from_o the_o westward_n thus_o show_v beachy_a when_o you_o sail_v from_o the_o west_n thus_o show_v beachy_a with_o the_o seven_o cliff_n when_o you_o sail_n by_o they_o come_v from_o the_o west_n thus_o show_v the_o island_n wight_n when_o you_o sail_n by_o it_o be_v distant_a three_o or_o four_o league_n thus_o show_v st._n albons-land_n with_o portland_n to_o the_o westward_n when_o you_o sail_n by_o it_o thus_o show_v portland_n when_o you_o come_v from_o the_o west_n thus_o show_v portland_n when_o it_o be_v north_n by_o west_n six_o league_n from_o you_o thus_o show_v portland_n when_o you_o come_v from_o the_o east_n thus_o show_v the_o land_n to_o the_o westward_a of_o portland_n when_o you_o sail_n by_o it_o thus_o show_v the_o land_n betwixt_o torbay_n and_o the_o start_n the_o start_n dartmouth_n torbay_n thus_o show_v the_o land_n betwixt_o torbay_n and_o the_o start_n when_o the_o start_n be_v south-west_n by_o west_n from_o you_o start_n dartmouth_n torbay_n thus_o show_v the_o land_n between_o torbay_n and_o the_o start_n when_o the_o start_n be_v w.s.w._n from_o you_o torbay_n torbay_n torbay_n torbay_n thus_o show_v the_o point_n of_o torbay_n in_o divers_a form_n according_a as_o you_o be_v to_o the_o northward_a or_o southward_o of_o it_o this_o figure_n and_o the_o figure_n that_o follow_v belong_v one_o to_o the_o other_o and_o shall_v join_v where_o they_o be_v mark_v with_o the_o cross_n torbay_n apsom_n thus_o show_v dartmouth_n as_o this_o figure_n and_o the_o figure_n forego_v express_v it_o when_o you_o be_v right_a thwart_n of_o it_o a_o league_n or_o two_o from_o the_o land_n the_o land_n be_v on_o both_o side_n of_o it_o as_o well_o towards_o the_o start_n as_o torbay_n and_o to_o the_o northwards_o of_o it_o the_o start_v thus_o show_v the_o start_n be_v north_n from_o you_o two_o or_o three_o league_n thus_o show_v the_o start_n be_v north_n seven_o league_n from_o you_o this_o open_a will_v be_v shut_v to_o when_o you_o sail_n to_o the_o westward_n this_o open_a will_v be_v shut_v to_o when_o you_o sail_n to_o the_o westward_n the_o start_n thus_o show_v the_o start_n when_o it_o be_v north-east_n from_o you_o and_o then_o the_o point_n go_v flat_o
st._n nicholas-sand_n and_o scrobe_fw-la you_o have_v but_o 4_o 5_o and_z 6_o fathom_n three_o or_o four_o mile_n off_o to_o go_v without_o the_o holm-head_n keep_v the_o knock-beacon_n one_o in_o the_o other_o also_o upon_o the_o ebb_n if_o occasion_n serve_v you_o may_v borrow_v into_o four_o fathom_n of_o the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o newcomb_n or_o you_o may_v go_v off_o in_o 11_o or_o 12_o fathom_n as_o you_o please_v come_v from_o the_o northwards_o you_o must_v go_v no_o near_o the_o cockle_n than_o five_o or_o six_o fathom_n but_o on_o the_o shore_n you_o may_v borrow_v in_o four_o fathom_n scroby_n e._n n._n e._n from_o the_o town_n of_o yarmouth_n two_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n be_v a_o sand_n call_v the_o scroby_n lie_v north_n and_o south_n in_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o length_n almost_o two_o mile_n this_o sand_n be_v steep_a too_o have_v on_o the_o outside_n ten_o and_o eleven_o fathom_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o channel_n you_o will_v have_v twenty_o fathom_n between_o it_o and_o the_o new-warp_a the_o south_n end_n of_o this_o sand_n lie_v half_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o knowl_n and_o the_o north_n end_v almost_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o the_o knock._n new-warp_a southeast_n by_o east_n five_o league_n and_o a_o half_a from_o wintertonness_a lie_v a_o sand_n call_v new-warp_a be_v in_o length_n two_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a and_o lie_v in_o the_o sea_n east_n and_o west_n on_o it_o at_o low-water_n there_o be_v but_o two_o fathom_n without_o it_o you_o will_v have_v ten_o and_o twelve_o 〈◊〉_d between_o it_o and_o the_o hâ—lms_n five_o and_o six_o fathom_n but_o near_o the_o holms_n ten_o fathom_n the_o overfall_n east_n from_o yarmouth_n about_o nine_o mile_n lie_v the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o overfall_n extend_v itself_o to_o the_o northwards_o more_o than_o five_o mile_n in_o length_n but_o in_o breadth_n not_o considerable_a this_o bank_n be_v dangerous_a because_o it_o be_v very_a shoal_n on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o it_o you_o will_v have_v 5_o fathom_n and_o even_a ground_n but_o be_v about_o two_o mile_n distant_a you_o will_v have_v 20_o and_o 24_o fathom_n bounse_n the_o bounse_n be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v north-east_n a_o little_a northerly_a from_o wintertonness_a about_o five_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a be_v round_a sand_n whereon_o there_o be_v three_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n within_o it_o you_o have_v 16_o and_o 17_o fathom_n but_o without_o it_o 8_o 12_o and_o 16_o fathom_n it_o bear_v from_o new-warp_a north_n by_o west_n a_o little_a westerly_a about_o a_o mile_n haseborrough-sand_n this_o sand_n lie_v from_o haseborrough_n north-east_n by_o east_n about_o six_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a and_o lie_v in_o the_o sea_n northwest_o and_o southeast_n be_v in_o length_n two_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a the_o southeast_n end_n lie_v from_o wintertonness_a north_n and_o west_n a_o little_a westerly_a nine_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a between_o it_o and_o the_o shore_n you_o have_v twelve_o and_o thirteen_o fathom_v water_n but_o on_o it_o three_o and_o four_o fathom_n the_o owery_a the_o owery_a be_v a_o sand_n which_o bear_v from_o wintertonness_a north-east_n almost_o seven_o league_n distant_a it_o lie_v in_o the_o sea_n northwest_o and_o southeast_n be_v in_o length_n about_o four_o mile_n and_o in_o breadth_n a_o mile_n and_o half_a it_o lie_v from_o the_o limber_a east_n by_o north_n distant_a 3_o league_n and_o a_o half_a between_o which_o you_o will_v have_v 17_o 18_o and_o 19_o fathom_n the_o limber_a the_o limber_a be_v a_o sand_n which_o bear_v from_o wintertonness_a north_n by_o east_n half_a easterly_a and_o from_o haseborrough_n e._n n._n e._n distant_a from_o either_o of_o they_o about_o four_o league_n and_o from_o new-warp_a north_n two_o league_n between_o which_o you_o will_v have_v seventeen_o and_o eighteen_o fathom_v water_n it_o lie_v in_o the_o sea_n northwest_o and_o southeast_n in_o length_n four_o mile_n and_o in_o breadth_n a_o mile_n and_o half_a on_o the_o south_n end_v there_o be_v but_o two_o fathom_n but_o on_o the_o northwest_n end_v six_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n blackney-sand_n this_o sand_n lie_v before_o blackney_n be_v distant_a about_o five_o mile_n on_o the_o inner_a side_n you_o will_v have_v four_o fathom_v water_n and_o without_o 4_o 5_o and_z 6_o fathom_n pole_n and_o piper_n the_o pole_n and_o piper_n be_v a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v between_o blackney_n and_o 〈…〉_o to_o the_o 〈◊〉_d the_o beacon_n that_o you_o sail_n by_o 〈◊〉_d by_o the_o piâ—â—â—_n at_o the_o west_n end_n whereof_o go_v in_o the_o channel_n of_o 〈◊〉_d burnham_n flat_n between_o wâ—lls_n and_o burnham_n there_o lie_v the_o great_a flat_a call_v burnham-flat_n a_o league_n distant_a from_o the_o there_o which_o at_o low-water_n lie_v dry_a in_o divers_a place_n at_o high-water_n you_o may_v well_o go_v over_o it_o the_o ground_n on_o the_o north_n side_n go_v up_o flat_a and_o plain_a or_o the_o south_n side_n it_o be_v very_o steep_a as_o soon_o as_o you_o be_v over_o 〈◊〉_d shoal_a you_o shall_v get_v sudden_o deep_a water_n and_o good_a sandy_a ground_n within_o it_o be_v good_a ride_v for_o easterly_a wind_n the_o sonk_z the_o sonk_z be_v a_o sand_n which_o be_v nigh_o the_o south_n end_n of_o burnham-flat_n and_o lie_v to_o the_o norward_a of_o chappel-land_n and_o be_v dry_a at_o low-water_n you_o may_v sail_v about_o it_o on_o both_o side_n dousing_n the_o dousing_n be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o burnham-flat_n it_o bear_v from_o wells_n north_n half_a westerly_a 21_o mile_n the_o south_n side_n be_v steep_a too_o where_o you_o will_v have_v nineteen_o fathom_n not_o far_o from_o it_o and_o on_o the_o north_n side_n nine_o and_o ten_o fathom_n inner-dousings_a this_o sand_n lie_v from_o st._n edmond_n northwest_o by_o north_n thirteen_o mile_n and_o from_o skegness_n n._n n._n e._n ten_o mile_n dogshead_n dogshead_n be_v a_o small_a sand_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o wilgriph_n about_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n boston-knock_a be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v off_o the_o point_n of_o legerness_n which_o fall_v dry_a at_o low-water_n between_o it_o and_o the_o land_n there_o be_v but_o two_o fathom_n but_o it_o flow_v thereabouts_o five_o fathom_n up_o and_o down_o when_o legerness_n bear_v w._n n._n w._n from_o you_o then_o go_v on_o south-west_n through_o between_o the_o knock_n and_o a_o shoal_n which_o shoot_v off_o from_o the_o westward_a of_o legerness_n until_o you_o can_v get_v again_o the_o depth_n of_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n longsand_n the_o body_n of_o this_o sand_n lie_v against_o legerness_n distant_a about_o three_o mile_n be_v without_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ness_n you_o may_v run_v through_o between_o boston-knock_a and_o it_o when_o the_o tree_n in_o the_o point_n come_v a_o hand-spike_n length_n to_o the_o eastward_a of_o legerness_n then_o go_v on_o south-west_n and_o you_o may_v run_v right_a into_o the_o deep_a between_o boston-knock_a and_o longsand_n between_o the_o knock_n and_o the_o point_n of_o the_o longsand_n you_o will_v have_v five_o fathom_n be_v past_o the_o knock_v you_o will_v have_v eight_o nine_o and_o ten_o fathom_n deep_a a_o description_n of_o the_o sand_n shoal_n buoys_n beacon_n and_o sea-marks_a within_o the_o humber_n rose_n the_o rose_n be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v before_o salt-fleet_n be_v a_o round_a sand_n and_o be_v two_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n riff_o the_o riff_o be_v a_o shoal_n which_o join_v to_o the_o shore_n between_o sandhall_n and_o clay-ness_a and_o stretch_v itself_o n._n e._n by_o east_n almost_o six_o mile_n into_o the_o sea_n the_o point_n whereof_o lie_v from_o the_o sporn_n southeast_n by_o south_n four_o mile_n and_o from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o bull_n east_n by_o south_n four_o mile_n bull._n the_o bull_n be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v almost_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o channel_n on_o the_o north-east_n side_n whereof_o lie_v a_o buoy_z which_o lie_v from_o the_o sporn_n southeast_n half_a southerly_a three_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a the_o buoy_z lie_v in_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n water_n the_o thwart_a mark_n of_o the_o say_v buoy_z be_v a_o house_n upon_o the_o west_n end_n of_o the_o cliff_n of_o clay-ness_a and_o from_o thence_o to_o grimsbey-road_n and_o anchor_v a_o little_a below_o the_o beacon_n stone_n banks_n these_o be_v several_a small_a bank_n which_o lie_v east_n from_o the_o spornhead_n if_o from_o the_o point_n of_o kelsey_n you_o steer_v south_n by_o east_n until_o the_o point_n of_o the_o sporn_n be_v west_n half_a northerly_a then_o be_v you_o clear_a of_o they_o borcom_n borcom_n be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v off_o stanningborrough_n about_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n on_o the_o north_n side_n hereof_o
silly_a e._n by_o n._n 20_o 70_o 49_o 40_o white_a owsey_a sand_n like_o mustardseed_n and_o piece_n of_o shell_n among_o it_o silly_a n._n e._n by_o e._n 13_o 65_o 49_o 43_o branny_n sand_n some_o piece_n of_o shell_n silly_a n._n w._n 7_o 60_o 49_o 47_o stony_a ground_n silly_a e._n by_o n._n 84_o 97_o 49_o 50_o fine_a white_a sand._n silly_a n._n n._n e._n 100_o 102_o 49_o 47_o white_a sand_n and_o then_o you_o be_v enter_v upon_o the_o bank_n silly_a north._n 10_o 65_o 49_o 47_o white_a sand_n and_o that_o be_v the_o east_n part_n of_o the_o bank_n silly_a s._n s._n e._n 12_o 60_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr course_n owse_fw-mi silly_a n._n w._n by_o w._n 10_o 54_o 49_o 47_o sand_n with_o little_a red_a shell_n among_o it_o silly_a e._n s._n e._n 6_o 53_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr course_n sand_n and_o fine_a red_a shell_n silly_a n._n w._n by_o w._n 4_o 61_o 50_o 25_o red_a mix_v with_o black_a sand_n and_o some_o glister_a white_a shell_n and_o dent_n in_o they_o silly_a w._n by_o n._n 13_o 63_o 50_o 25_o fine_a white_a sand_n with_o a_o little_a owse_n silly_a west_n 21_o 66_o 50_o 08_o red_a sand_n with_o small_a black_a sand_n and_o some_o white_a glister_a shell_n and_o some_o small_a red_a shell_n among_o it_o silly_a w._n half_a s._n 29_o 68_o 50_o 00_o fine_a sand_n of_o a_o owsey_a colour_n with_o some_o glister_a shell_n among_o it_o silly_a n._n w._n by_o w._n 2_o 44_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr course_n shell_n and_o sand_n with_o fine_a thin_a shell_n some_o small_a thing_n like_o the_o point_n of_o break_a needle_n silly_a w._n by_o s._n 32_o 75_o 49_o 50_o fine_a white_a sand_n small_a glister_a shell_n &_o some_o small_a peppery_n sand._n silly_a w._n s._n w._n ½_n w._n 34_o or_o 35_o 81_o 49_o 40_o fine_a white_a sand_n with_o some_o long_a slender_a white_a glister_a shell_n and_o some_o peppery_a sand_n among_o it_o silly_a e._n by_o n._n 20_o 76_o 49_o 41_o white_a owzie_a sand_n with_o some_o shell_n silly_a e._n n._n e._n 55_o 103_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr fine_a white_a sand._n silly_a n._n e._n by_o e._n 48_o 100_o 48_o 49_o sand_n somewhat_o white_a with_o hakes_n tooth_n silly_a n._n e._n by_o e._n 25_o 68_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr like_a wheat-bran_n with_o some_o shell_n silly_a n._n by_o e._n 18_o 68_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr small_a sh_o red_a sand_n and_o white_a with_o some_o black_a and_o white_a scollop_n shell_n silly_a w._n by_o s._n 3_o 40_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr like_a break_v wheat_n or_o course_n bran._n silly_a e._n s._n e._n 13_o 62_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr course_n dirty_a owzie_a sand_n somewhat_o blackish_a seam_n n._n e._n 12_o 68_o 47_o 50_o branny_n sand_n with_o some_o white_a stone_n as_o big_a as_o almond_n and_o other_o small_a gravel_n stone_n and_o break_a shell_n seam_n n._n n._n w._n 4_o 40_o 48_o 28_o like_o as_o before_o seam_n e._n by_o n._n 12_o 100_o 48_o 30_o branny_n sand_n with_o stone_n as_o big_a as_o pease_n &_o little_a shell_n among_o it_o seam_n n._n e._n by_o e._n 7_o 63_o 48_o 15_o branny_n sand_n and_o many_o small_a shell_n like_o wheat_n and_o small_a mace_n seam_n east_n 25_o 70_o 48_o 36_o stone_n like_o grain_n and_o stone_n as_o big_a as_o little_a bean_n seam_n e._n by_o n._n 25_o 100_o 48_o 36_o red_a sand_n break_a shell_n and_o black_a stone_n seam_n north._n 18_o 90_o 48_o 00_o red_a sand_n and_o black_a stone_n like_o salt-stone_n seam_n n._n e._n by_o n._n 7_o 42_o 48_o 18_o cockle-shell_n the_o bridge_n of_o the_o seam_n e._n half_a s._n 3_o or_o 4_o 62_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr small_a scollop_n shell_n with_o some_o hakes_n tooth_n ushant_n east_n 18_o or_o 20_o 70_o 49_o 00_o branny_n sand_n and_o some_o few_o shell_n among_o it_o ushant_n s._n e._n by_o e._n 20_o 72_o 49_o 15_o great_a stone_n like_o bean_n &_o pease_n gray_a &_o great_a dent_n in_o the_o tallow_n ushant_n east_n 6_o 65_o 48_o 00_o red_a sand_n shell_n and_o stone_n thing_n among_o like_a little_a point_n of_o needle_n ushant_n east_n 15_o or_o 16_o 70_o 49_o 15_o fine_a white_a sand._n ushant_n east_n 18_o or_o 20_o 72_o 49_o 15_o branny_n sand_n and_o some_o small_a shell_n among_o it_o ushant_n east_n 4_o 82_o 49_o 15_o little_a stone_n like_o grain_n black_a and_o red_a with_o little_a shell_n as_o it_o be_v piece_n of_o awl_n point_n ushant_n n._n e._n 29_o 85_o 48_o 50_o great_a piece_n of_o cockle-shell_n and_o little_a piece_n among_o it_o ushant_n east_n 33_o 87_o 49_o 15_o dazzle_v sand_n in_o the_o likeness_n of_o barley-straw_n ushant_n e._n s._n e._n 15_o 70_o 49_o 15_o great_a shell_n gray_a and_o red_a with_o piece_n of_o break_a cockle-shell_n among_o it_o ushant_n e._n s._n e._n 12_o 68_o 49_o 20_o white_a and_o gross_a sand_n with_o shell_n and_o peppery_a sand_n among_o it_o ushant_n s._n e._n by_o e._n 9_o 65_o 49_o 15_o sand_n and_o some_o shell_n ushant_n n._n e._n by_o e._n 7_o 68_o 48_o 36_o sand_n like_o mace_n or_o point_n of_o feather_n some_o gray_a and_o some_o white_a ushant_n north._n 5_o or_o 6_o 63_o 48_o 36_o full_a of_o small_a mace-sand_n ushant_n east_n 4_o 6_o 49_o 10_o full_a of_o mace-sand_n and_o break_a shell_n ushant_n n._n by_o e._n 18_o 80_o 48_o 15_o round_a stone_n mingle_v with_o scollop-shell_n ushant_n e._n by_o n._n 12_o 70_o 48_o 40_o white_a shell_n ushant_n e._n s._n e._n 8_o 64_o or_o 68_o 49_o 05_o white_a shell_n and_o little_a fine_a stone_n ushant_n e._n n._n e._n 12_o or_o 14_o 68_o 48_o 36_o small_a shell_n and_o thing_n like_o straw_n or_o herring-bone_n and_o some_o black_a mace-sand_n among_o it_o ushant_n n._n e._n 25_o 50_o or_o 55_o 48_o 10_o sand_n gray_a and_o brown_a and_o some_o small_a white_a shell_n with_o black_a stone_n among_o it_o ushant_n s._n e._n by_o e._n 7_o 65_o 48_o 30_o st._n james_n s_o shell_n ushant_n n._n e._n by_o e._n 7_o or_o 8_o 68_o 48_o 30_o mace-sand_n white_a and_o gray_a ushant_n e._n by_o n._n 25_o 85_o 48_o 30_o white_a and_o gray_a sand_n with_o small_a red_a stone_n like_o hake_v tooth_n ushant_n e._n by_o s._n 4_o 63_o 48_o 56_o shell_n like_o perwincle_n ushant_n s._n e._n by_o e._n 15_o 60_o 49_o 25_o small_a scollop_n shell_n with_o some_o small_a sh_o stone_n ushant_n e._n s._n e._n 5_o or_o 6_o 60_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr most_n hakes_n tooth_n with_o some_o shell_n like_o the_o husk_n of_o oatmeal_n ushant_n n._n e._n by_o n._n 11_o 60_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr small_a shell_n mesh_v together_o as_o if_o pound_v in_o a_o mortar_n and_o small_a hakes_n tooth_n gulf._n n._n by_o e._n 1_o mile_n 40_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr mashey_n shell_n like_o husk_n of_o oatmeal_n rock_n n._n by_o w._n 1_o mile_n 38_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr with_o some_o hakes_n tooth_n gulf._n s._n s._n w._n 1_o mile_n 31_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr great_a shingley_a stone_n as_o big_a as_o bean_n rock_n n._n by_o w._n 1_o mile_n 37_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr course_n ground_n and_o mashey_a shell_n near_o the_o 7_o stone_n betwee_v they_o &_o silly_a they_o bearing_z n._n by_o e._n  _fw-fr 35_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr all_o rough_a and_o stony_a ground_n near_o silly_a they_o bear_v n._n by_o e._n  _fw-fr 40_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr long-ship_n e._n n._n e._n 3_o mile_n 33_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr rock_n and_o within_o shoot_v 1_o mile_n 32_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr rocky_a ground_n landsend_n n._n by_o w._n 2_o mile_n 33_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr landsend_n north._n 6_o &_o ½_n 50_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr mashey_n ground_n like_a husk_n of_o oatmeal_n and_o small_a stone_n  _fw-fr n._n by_o e._n 3_o 32_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr mousoele_n north._n 3_o 33_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr all_o fine_a sand_n with_o white_a and_o red_a mingle_v  _fw-fr n._n n._n w._n 2_o 27_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr lizard_n n._n e._n by_o n._n 10_o ½_n 53_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr mashey_n shell_n and_o some_o hakes_n tooth_n  _fw-fr n._n e._n 6_o ½_n 48_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr mashey_n shell_n and_o some_o scollop_n shell_n  _fw-fr n._n n._n e._n 11_o 54_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr lizard_n n._n n._n e._n 9_o â—_o 52_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr mashey_n shell_n like_o the_o husk_n of_o oatmeal_n and_o some_o hake_v tooth_n  _fw-fr n._n n._n e._n 8_o 50_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr n._n by_o e._n 15_o 58_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr mashey_n shell_n and_o some_o hakes_n tooth_n lizard_n n._n e._n by_o e._n 12_o 57_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr some_o scollop_n shell_n  _fw-fr n._n e._n by_o e._n 4_o 44_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr great_a stone_n and_o rough_a ground_n lizard_n north._n 1_o 39_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr great_a rough_a shâ—â—â—â—_n as_o big_a as_o dean_n and_o so_o be_v the_o ground_n right_o thwart_v of_o the_o lizard_n from_o the_o very_a point_n to_o 4_o league_n off_o lizard_n
you_o please_v before_o the_o town_n in_o four_o five_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom-water_n or_o you_o may_v go_v further_o into_o the_o bite_v for_o it_o be_v every_o where_o clean_o other_o direction_n to_o sail_v into_o harwich_n the_o mark_n in_o this_o channel_n to_o sail_v into_o harwich_n be_v to_o keep_v the_o top_n of_o harwich_n steeple_n half_a way_n betwixt_o the_o fire-beacon_n on_o harwich_n and_o the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o cliff_n or_o the_o low_a light-house_n a_o little_a open_a of_o the_o north_n end_n of_o harwich_n cliff_n and_o so_o sail_v in_o n._n n._n w._n keep_v those_o mark_n so_o till_o you_o come_v within_o half_a a_o mile_n of_o harwich_n cliff_n then_o bear_v to_o the_o north-eastwards_a so_o far_o till_o you_o bring_v the_o body_n of_o the_o church_n open_a to_o the_o northwards_o of_o the_o cliff_n than_o edge_n towards_o land-guard-fort_n till_o you_o bring_v both_o the_o light-house_n in_o one_o then_o run_v in_o with_o they_o so_o till_o you_o see_v yourself_o within_o the_o south_n point_v of_o the_o andrews_n which_o you_o shall_v know_v by_o have_v bawdsey_n church_n open_a and_o shut_v on_o the_o land_n to_o the_o southwards_o of_o bawdsey_n or_o if_o there_o be_v any_o sea_n or_o half-tyde_n the_o andrews_n be_v plain_a to_o be_v see_v then_o you_o must_v edge_n near_o to_o the_o beach_n where_o the_o fort_n stand_v to_o shun_v the_o altar_n another_o shoal_n that_o lie_v direct_o against_o the_o fort._n to_o sail_v out_o of_o harwich_n in_o the_o north_n channel_n you_o may_v sail_v out_o as_o be_v before_o describe_v in_o the_o go_n in_o till_o you_o come_v without_o the_o fort_n then_o bring_v the_o two_o light-house_n into_o one_o and_o so_o sail_v out_o till_o you_o bring_v the_o steeple_n open_a of_o the_o land_n to_o the_o southward_a of_o bawdsey-cliff_n then_o be_v you_o clear_a of_o the_o andrews_n and_o ridge_n then_o steer_v north-east_n by_o east_n until_o you_o bring_v harwich-church_n on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o a_o black_a house_n call_v the_o brewhouse_n which_o stand_v a_o little_a to_o the_o northward_a of_o landguard-fort_n keep_v they_o mark_n so_o stand_v until_o you_o bring_v bawdsey-church_n open_v a_o little_a to_o the_o northward_a of_o the_o north_n end_n of_o bawdsey-cliff_n then_o be_v you_o open_a of_o the_o sledway_n between_o alborough_n and_o dunwich_n half_a way_n lie_v a_o wood_n which_o be_v high_a at_o both_o end_n and_o the_o midst_n low_a in_o form_n of_o a_o saddle_n this_o you_o shall_v common_o see_v first_o when_o you_o fall_v with_o the_o land_n thereabouts_o and_o be_v the_o best_a to_o know_v the_o coast_n 〈◊〉_d for_o the_o land_n without_o and_o to_o the_o southwards_o be_v very_o low_a and_o sh_o ground_n about_o two_o league_n to_o the_o southward_a of_o alborough_n lie_v orfordness_n between_o they_o both_o there_o stand_v two_o wood_n which_o show_v at_o a_o distance_n like_o castle_n and_o tower_n on_o orfordness_n stand_v a_o flat_a steeple_n and_o a_o broad_a castle_n which_o have_v also_o a_o thick_a flat_a steeple_n almost_o in_o fashion_n like_o the_o steeple_n of_o ranop_n open_v above_o with_o holes_n in_o it_o like_a bellhole_n before_o dunwich_n you_o may_v anchor_v there_o be_v good_a lie_v in_o eight_o or_o nine_o fathom_n water_n somewhat_o soft_a ground_n before_o alborough_n be_v the_o best_a road_n of_o all_o the_o coast_n thereabouts_o in_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n to_o know_v bawdsey_n oasly_n and_o alterton_n church_n bawdsey-church_n be_v the_o high_a and_o big_a steeple_n be_v flat_a at_o top_n as_o the_o other_o be_v it_o stand_v to_o the_o southward_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n a_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n oasly-church_n have_v a_o flat_a large_a steeple_n but_o be_v low_a than_o the_o other_o two_o and_o stand_v a_o mile_n to_o the_o northwards_o of_o bawdsey-steeple_n three_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n alterton-steeple_n stand_v to_o the_o northwards_o of_o oasly-church_n a_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a it_o be_v a_o very_a high_a square_a steeple_n but_o much_o small_a than_o the_o other_o two_o and_o stand_v about_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n to_o sail_v out_o of_o the_o sledway_n to_o the_o north-foreland_n first_o bring_v the_o north_n end_n of_o bawdsey-cliff_n north-west_n from_o you_o then_o shall_v you_o see_v a_o flat_a steeple_n right_a with_o a_o cliff_n which_o you_o must_v keep_v on_o or_o a_o little_a open_a of_o the_o cliff-end_n until_o you_o bring_v beamont-tree_n on_o the_o naze-land_n w._n n._n w._n and_o then_o you_o may_v steer_v southeast_n or_o southeast_n by_o south_n if_o the_o wind_n serve_v have_v not_o less_o water_n than_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n and_o when_o you_o have_v lay_v the_o netherlands_n to_o water_n you_o may_v sound_v for_o the_o kentish-knock_a and_o come_v no_o near_o it_o than_o 8_o or_o 9_o fathom_n as_o the_o wind_n and_o tide_n serve_v and_o be_v about_o the_o knock_n you_o may_v go_v s._n s._n w._n as_o you_o see_v occasion_n to_o sail_v out_o at_o the_o backside_n of_o the_o gun-fleet_n if_o you_o will_v sail_v out_o at_o the_o backside_n of_o the_o gunfleet_n be_v in_o the_o sled_n in_o seven_o fathom_n borrow_v on_o the_o westrock_n in_o four_o or_o five_o fathom_n steer_v s._n s._n w._n or_o south-west_n by_o west_n but_o go_v not_o to_o the_o southwards_o of_o five_o fathom_n till_o you_o be_v over_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o rock_n and_o when_o you_o be_v over_o the_o rock_n you_o shall_v have_v seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n but_o go_v not_o without_o eight_o fathom_n on_o the_o west_n side_n and_o borrow_v on_o the_o gunfleet_n in_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n go_v south-west_n by_o south_n or_o south-west_n till_o you_o come_v up_o to_o the_o spit_n or_o as_o you_o see_v occasion_n to_o sail_v by_o the_o naze_n to_o the_o northwards_o from_o the_o eagle_n to_o the_o naze_n you_o may_v borrow_v to_o the_o shore_n and_o the_o course_n be_v n._n e._n by_o north_n or_o n._n n._n e._n to_o go_v by_o the_o naze_n you_o must_v bring_v harwich-steeple_n unto_o the_o east_n part_n of_o the_o saddle_n in_o the_o cliff-end_n be_v sure_a you_o shut_v not_o st._n helen_n into_o the_o naze_n before_o you_o bring_v the_o steeple_n into_o the_o saddle_n and_o so_o you_o may_v steer_v with_o the_o steeple_n until_o you_o bring_v the_o dove-house_n with_o the_o naze_n or_o the_o naze-end_n unto_o a_o tree_n on_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o hedge-row_n that_o be_v to_o the_o southward_a of_o the_o house_n and_o be_v in_o one_o then_o may_v you_o have_v your_o other_o mark_n and_o steer_v to_o the_o eastward_a keep_v the_o house_n and_o tree_n in_o one_o and_o more_o to_o the_o southward_a of_o the_o hedge-row_n in_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o field_n a_o stone_n cast_v from_o the_o hedge_n be_v a_o lively_a tree_n or_o great_a bush_n which_o you_o may_v bring_v into_o a_o tree_n between_o two_o high_a tree_n that_o be_v to_o the_o southward_a of_o the_o house_n and_o these_o mark_n you_o may_v keep_v in_o one_o steer_v north-east_n by_o north_n keep_v harwich-steeple_n open_a of_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o cliff_n and_o then_o you_o may_v bear_v in_o with_o the_o harbour_n but_o the_o best_a water_n be_v when_o the_o steeple_n be_v on_o the_o hommock_n between_o the_o beacon_n and_o the_o cliff_n and_o so_o steer_v to_o the_o northwards_o as_o you_o please_v to_o sail_v clear_a of_o alborough-knapes_a east_n from_o alborough_n two_o league_n lie_v alborough-knapes_a which_o be_v a_o sand_n that_o at_o low-water_n be_v not_o deep_a than_o seven_o or_o eight_o foot_n you_o may_v sound_v round_o about_o it_o in_o five_o fathom_n but_o it_o be_v not_o good_a to_o come_v near_o with_o sea-wind_n you_o may_v discern_v it_o plain_o by_o the_o break_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o with_o northerly_a and_o westerly_a wind_n the_o sea_n break_v not_o at_o all_o upon_o it_o if_o it_o be_v fair_a weather_n he_o that_o run_v by_o it_o to_o the_o northwards_o with_o a_o ebb_n shall_v see_v it_o ripple_n much_o upon_o it_o likewise_o upon_o most_o of_o the_o english_a bank_n and_o indeed_o not_o upon_o the_o bank_n but_o against_o they_o for_o upon_o the_o shoal_a of_o they_o be_v always_o the_o smooth_a water_n as_o experience_n teach_v every_o where_n when_o as_o alborough_n be_v west_n from_o you_o and_o the_o two_o steeple_n of_o orforness_n one_o in_o the_o other_o there_o you_o shall_v find_v albôrough-knapes_a these_o be_v sure_a mark_n of_o that_o sand._n to_o sail_v to_o the_o westward_a of_o the_o whitingsand_n the_o whiting_n be_v somewhat_o a_o small_a long_a sand_n lie_v to_o the_o southward_a of_o orfordness_n and_o the_o sh_o grind_v to_o the_o southward_a of_o alborough_n lie_v alongst_o the_o reach_n but_o the_o
fall_v three_o foot_n a_o east_n and_o west_n moon_n make_v in_o boston-deep_a the_o highest-water_n but_o before_o the_o town_n a_o east_n by_o south_n and_o a_o e.s.e._n moon_n to_o sail_v out_o of_o the_o deep_a he_o that_o come_v from_o boston_n and_o will_v sail_v out_o through_o the_o deep_a with_o a_o high-water_n let_v he_o look_v out_o for_o the_o aforesaid_a high_a island_n within_o legerness_n when_o that_o come_v behind_o legerness_n than_o he_o may_v bold_o set_v his_o course_n whither_o he_o intend_v either_o to_o the_o eastward_o northeastward_a or_o northward_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o can_v hurt_v you_o from_o legerness_n to_o humber_n be_v about_o seven_o league_n north_n and_o south_n between_o they_o about_o a_o league_n to_o the_o southward_a of_o humber_n lie_v a_o place_n call_v salt-fleet-haven_n a_o little_a to_o the_o northward_a of_o a_o sharp_a steeple_n call_v wilgrip-steeple_n thwart_v of_o the_o aforesaid_a salt-fleet-haven_n about_o a_o mile_n 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you_o be_v bind_v into_o humber_n come_v from_o the_o southward_a then_o you_o must_v keep_v patrington_n spite_n steeple_n open_v a_o sail_n breadth_n off_o the_o point_n of_o the_o spurn_n and_o steer_v in_o with_o that_o mark_n until_o you_o come_v to_o burcum-beacon_n sonk_z sonk_z your_o course_n up_o towards_o hull_n be_v n._n n._n w._n or_o you_o may_v borrow_v off_o and_o on_o upon_o the_o sonk_z which_o be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o river_n almost_o as_o far_o down_o as_o the_o spurn_n in_o four_o or_o five_o fathom_n water_n according_a as_o the_o tide_n be_v in_o height_n but_o between_o the_o sonk_z and_o the_o southward_n there_o lie_v many_o bank_n and_o over-falls_a but_o of_o a_o fathom_n or_o a_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a water_n there_o be_v shoal_n and_o silver-pit_n in_o the_o channel_n one_o of_o they_o be_v very_o dangerous_a which_o lie_v thwart_v the_o buoy_n of_o the_o bull_n bull._n bull._n a_o little_a short_a of_o that_o and_o burcum-beacon_n on_o which_o bank_n or_o middleground_n a_o newcastle_n ship_n be_v lose_v that_o draw_v not_o above_o thirteen_o foot_n water_n therefore_o to_o avoid_v this_o be_v careful_a to_o keep_v the_o southside_n but_o above_o burcum-beacon_n there_o lie_v two_o or_o three_o over-falls_a a_o good_a way_n off_o from_o the_o shore_n if_o you_o come_v up_o so_o far_o as_o to_o bring_v paul_n tower_n open_a of_o the_o red_a cliff_n to_o the_o castward_n than_o you_o be_v clear_a or_o about_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o sonk_z than_o you_o may_v steer_v right_o over_o with_o the_o town_n of_o paul_n and_o anchor_n there_o if_o you_o please_v near_o the_o town_n but_o there_o run_v a_o great_a tide_n when_o you_o come_v almost_o the_o length_n of_o the_o foul_a holms_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o humber_n a_o little_a below_o paul_n high_a cliff_n there_o be_v a_o church_n which_o on_o the_o north_n side_n also_o you_o will_v see_v also_o you_o will_v see_v it_o a_o little_a open_a to_o the_o eastward_a of_o a_o little_a wood_n and_o when_o you_o bring_v it_o within_o the_o east_n of_o the_o wood_n you_o be_v then_o in_o the_o narrow_a right_a thwart_n of_o they_o then_o run_v up_o w.n.w._n until_o you_o bring_v the_o town_n of_o paul_n just_a open_a of_o the_o high_a cliff_n than_o you_o may_v sail_v over_o to_o the_o southward_a until_o you_o bring_v the_o hall_n which_o have_v a_o right_a white_a top_n right_a over_o the_o south_n block-house_n and_o with_o these_o mark_v you_o may_v run_v almost_o against_o the_o town_n where_o you_o may_v anchor_v in_o five_o or_o six_o fathom_n water_n a_o table_n of_o sounding_n and_o depth_n from_o the_o north-foreland_n to_o the_o northwards_o the_o name_n of_o the_o headland_n how_o these_o part_n bear_v from_o you_o league_n fathom_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o ground_n north-foreland_n west_n half_o a_o point_n southerly_a 5_o 27_o gravel_n black_a peppery_n sand._n north-foreland_n north-west_n the_o goodwin_n n._n head_n dry_v 1_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a 3_o 30_o brown_a sand_n the_o north-head_n of_o the_o goodwin_n bear_v from_o you_o w.n.w._n a_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a and_o some_o of_o the_o sand_n within_o two_o three_o of_o a_o mile_n red_a owsie_a sand_n blow_v sand_n then_o will_v the_o north_n with_o the_o south-poreland_a bear_v south-west_n from_o you_o  _fw-fr if_o n._n w._n by_o w._n 3_o 31_o  _fw-fr north-foreland_n west_n by_o north_n or_o west_n by_o south_n 7_o 23_o one_o cast_v fine_a sand_n another_o sh_o ground_n and_o stand_v thwart_o the_o channel_n near_o thereabouts_o you_o will_v find_v bank_n in_o 16_o fathom_n fine_a sand_n and_o between_o they_o 24_o fathom_n groster_v ground_n north-foreland_n w._n s._n w._n 5_o 23_o small_a sh_o sand_n most_o part_n of_o it_o  _fw-fr w._n s._n w._n 8_o 28_o black_a sh_o ground_a no_z sand._n north-foreland_n s._n w._n by_o w._n 12_o 33_o no_o sand_n but_o sometime_o small_a perwinkle_n  _fw-fr s._n w._n by_o w._n 9_o 30_o the_o same_o ground_n be_v above_o in_o 33_o fathom_n north-foreland_n s._n w._n westerly_n 10_o 31_o stremy_n ground_n blow_a sand_n and_o some_o shell_n  _fw-fr s._n w._n westerly_n 8_o 28_o sh_o ground_n with_o small_a black_a sand._n north-foreland_n s._n w._n ½_n south_n 8_o 18_o stony_a gross_a ground_n not_o far_o from_o the_o knock._n  _fw-fr s._n w._n by_o s._n 7_o 19_o sh_o ground_n as_o big_a as_o bean_n n._n foreland_n and_o the_o nase-land_n s.w._n by_o s._n southerly_a 9_o 14_o dirty_a soft_a ground_n which_o be_v a_o league_n to_o the_o northwards_o of_o the_o long_a sand-head_n  _fw-fr s.w._n by_o s._n southerly_a 9_o 14_o  _fw-fr orfordness_n n._n n._n w._n 5_o or_o 6_o 23_o dirty_a clay_n thick_a owsie_a black_a at_o both_o these_o distance_n 5_o and_o 6_o league_n off_o sh_o grind_v  _fw-fr n._n w._n by_o w._n 11_o 28_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr w._n n._n w._n 10_o or_o 11_o 27_o 29_o sh_o ground_n with_o some_o sand._n orfordness_n west_n by_o north._n 11_o 29_o fine_a red_a gravelly_a sand_n small_a shell_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 8_o 24_o fine_a peppery_a black_a sand_n and_o some_o shell_n  _fw-fr west_n by_o south_n 10_o 28_o red_a gravelly_a sand._n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 7_o 25_o sh_o small_a stone_n and_o some_o shell_n leystaff_n west_n 29_o 30_o fine_a white_a and_o black_a sand._n  _fw-fr west_n southerly_a 2½_n 18_o gross_a ground_n and_o stone_n as_o big_a as_o bean_n yarmouth_n west_n 8_o 29_o fine_a white_a sand._n winterton_n west_n 8_o 28_o fine_a white_a sand_n and_o some_o cast_v soft_a owse_n what_o moon_n make_v high-water_n at_o any_o of_o these_o place_n at_o the_o north-foreland_n a_o north_n and_o south_n moon_n make_v high_a water_n within_o the_o thames_n a_o south_n by_o east_n moon_n make_v high-water_n before_o the_o thames_n