see_v that_o it_o answer_v back_o again_o with_o the_o increase_n of_o a_o hundred_o fold_n that_o which_o be_v sow_v here_o may_v you_o see_v the_o high_a way_n and_o common_a lane_n clad_v with_o appletree_n and_o peartree_n not_o set_v nor_o graff_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o man_n hand_n but_o grow_v natural_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n the_o ground_n of_o itself_o be_v incline_v to_o bear_v fruit_n and_o those_o both_o in_o taste_n and_o beauty_n far_o exceed_v other_o whereof_o some_o will_v last_v a_o whole_a year_n and_o not_o wither_v and_o rivell_n so_o that_o they_o be_v serviceable_a until_o new_a come_v again_o for_o supply_v there_o be_v no_o country_n in_o all_o england_n so_o thick_o set_v as_o this_o province_n with_o vine-yard_n wine_n so_o plentiful_a in_o increase_n and_o so_o pleasant_a in_o taste_n the_o very_a wine_n thereof_o make_v affect_v not_o their_o mouth_n that_o drink_v of_o they_o with_o any_o unpleasing_a tartness_n as_o be_v little_a inferior_a in_o 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vine-yard_n see_v it_o have_v afford_v wine_n and_o sure_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o proceed_v rather_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n idleness_n than_o any_o distemperature_n and_o indisposition_n of_o the_o air_n that_o it_o yield_v none_o at_o this_o day_n but_o why_o in_o some_o place_n within_o this_o country_n as_o we_o read_v in_o our_o statute_n by_o a_o private_a custom_n which_o now_o be_v become_v of_o strong_a validity_n as_o a_o law_n the_o good_n and_o land_n of_o condemn_a person_n fall_v into_o the_o king_n hand_n for_o a_o year_n only_o and_o a_o day_n and_o after_o that_o term_v expire_v contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o all_o england_n beside_o return_v to_o the_o next_o heir_n let_v law-student_n and_o statesman_n look_v to_o that_o for_o no_o part_n it_o be_v of_o my_o purpose_n to_o search_v thereinto_o now_o i_o will_v take_v a_o superfiall_a survey_n such_o as_o i_o can_v of_o those_o three_o part_n whereof_o i_o speak_v orderly_o one_o after_o another_o deane_n the_o 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sir_n william_n winter_n vice-admiral_n of_o england_n a_o renown_a knight_n for_o sea-service_n as_o his_o brother_n arthur_n slay_v in_o orkeney-isle_n build_v a_o fair_a house_n but_o the_o most_o ancient_a town_n of_o all_o other_o be_v abone_n or_o avone_n abone_n mention_v by_o antonine_n the_o emperor_n in_o his_o journey-booke_n which_o have_v not_o lose_v that_o name_n altogether_o be_v at_o this_o day_n call_v aventon_n a_o small_a town_n indeed_o aventon_n but_o stand_v upon_o severne_n just_a nine_o mile_n as_o he_o write_v from_o ventasilurum_n or_o caer-went_a and_o see_v that_o avon_n in_o the_o british_a tongue_n import_v a_o river_n it_o shall_v be_v no_o strange_a thing_n if_o we_o think_v it_o so_o call_v of_o the_o river_n for_o in_o the_o very_a same_o signification_n that_o i_o may_v omit_v the_o rest_n we_o have_v warerton_n bourne_n and_o riverton_n as_o the_o latin_n have_v aquinum_n and_o fluentium_fw-la and_o i_o suppose_v the_o rather_o that_o it_o take_v name_n of_o the_o river_n because_o people_n be_v wont_n at_o this_o place_n to_o ferry_v over_o the_o river_n whereupon_o the_o town_n stand_v over_o against_o it_o be_v by_o antonine_n call_v traiectus_fw-la that_o be_v a_o passage_n or_o ferry_n but_o without_o doubt_n the_o number_n in_o that_o place_n set_v down_o be_v corrupt_v for_o he_o make_v it_o nine_o mile_n between_o traiectus_fw-la and_o abone_n trajectus_n whereas_o the_o river_n be_v scarce_o three_o mile_n broad_a it_o may_v seem_v then_o to_o have_v be_v utter_o decay_v or_o turn_v rather_o into_o a_o village_n either_o when_o as_o passenger_n begin_v to_o ferry_v over_o below_o or_o when_o athelstane_n thrust_v out_o the_o welsh_a britan_n from_o hence_o for_o he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o drive_v they_o as_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n witness_v beyond_o the_o river_n wye_n and_o where_o as_o before_o his_o time_n severne_n be_v the_o bind_v between_o the_o english_a and_o welshman_n he_o appoint_v wye_n to_o be_v the_o limit_n confine_v they_o both_o whence_o our_o necham_n write_v thus_o ind_n vagos_fw-la vaga_fw-la cambrenses_fw-la hinc_fw-la respicit_fw-la anglos_n to_o wales_n on_o this_o side_n look_v wie_z on_o that_o again_o our_o england_n he_o do_v eye_n breulais_n not_o far_o from_o wye_n among_o blind_a byway_n beset_v with_o thick_a plump_n of_o tree_n appear_v breulis_n castle_n more_o than_o half_o fall_v down_o remarkable_a for_o the_o death_n of_o mahel_n young_a son_n of_o miles_n earl_n of_o hereford_n for_o there_o his_o greedy_a devise_n bloody_a cruelty_n and_o covetousness_n ready_a to_o pray_v upon_o other_o man_n estate_n for_o which_o vice_n he_o be_v much_o blame_v in_o writer_n be_v overtake_v with_o a_o just_a revenge_n from_o heaven_n for_o as_o girald_n have_v write_v be_v entertain_v guest-wise_o by_o
tongue_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o other_o lie_v under_o it_o northward_o be_v name_v the_o valerius_n chiltern_n get_v that_o name_n according_a to_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o soil_n of_o chalky_a marvel_n chiltern_n which_o the_o ancient_a english_a man_n term_v cylt_v or_o chilt_n for_o all_o of_o it_o mount_v aloft_o with_o whitish_a hill_n stand_v upon_o a_o mix_a earth_n of_o clay_n and_o chalk_n clad_v with_o grove_n and_o wood_n wherein_o be_v much_o beech_n and_o it_o be_v altogether_o unpassable_a in_o time_n pass_v by_o reason_n of_o tree_n until_o that_o leofstane_n abbot_n of_o saint_n alban_n do_v cut_v they_o down_o because_o they_o yield_v a_o place_n of_o refuge_n for_o thief_n in_o it_o where_o the_o tamis_n glide_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o those_o hill_n with_o a_o wind_a course_n marlowe_n stand_v marlowe_n a_o pretty_a town_n of_o no_o mean_a credit_n take_v name_n of_o the_o say_a chalk_n common_o term_v marle_n which_o be_v spread_v upon_o corn_n ground_n eat_v out_o of_o heart_n with_o long_a tillage_n do_v quicken_v the_o same_o again_o so_o as_o that_o after_o one_o year_n rest_n it_o never_o lie_v fallow_a but_o yield_v again_o unto_o the_o husbandman_n his_o seed_n in_o plentiful_a measure_n never_o unto_o this_o a_o rill_n shead_v itself_o in_o the_o tamis_n make_v way_n through_o low_a place_n wickham_n and_o where_o it_o turn_v have_v a_o town_n upon_o it_o call_v high_a wickham_n or_o wicombe_n rather_o which_o happy_o thereof_o take_v the_o name_n consider_v that_o the_o german_a saxon_n term_v any_o wind_a reach_n of_o river_n and_o sea_n a_o wicke_n and_o comb_v a_o low_a valle._n and_o very_o many_o place_n we_o meet_v withal_o in_o england_n name_v in_o that_o respect_n this_o town_n for_o largeness_n and_o fair_a building_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o great_a town_n in_o this_o shire_n and_o in_o that_o it_o have_v a_o major_a for_o the_o head-magistrate_n worthy_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o rest_n about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o norman_n come_v in_o wigod_n of_o wallengford_n be_v lord_n both_o of_o the_o burgh_n of_o wicomb_n and_o also_o of_o the_o villa_n forinseca_v i_o speak_v according_a to_o the_o record_n of_o the_o ancient_a inquisition_n that_o be_v the_o out_z hamlet_z or_o bery_n after_o who_o death_n king_n henry_n the_o first_o lay_v it_o unto_o the_o crown_n but_o king_n john_n at_o the_o length_n divide_v the_o say_v out_o berry_n between_o robert_n the_o vi-paâ—â—t_a and_o alane_n basset_n north_n off_o wicomb_n mount_v up_o aloft_o the_o high_a place_n of_o this_o region_n and_o thereof_o it_o retain_v still_o the_o british_a name_n pen._n for_o the_o head_n or_o eminent_a top_n of_o a_o thing_n be_v with_o they_o call_v pen_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o pennine_a alps_n the_o apennine_a and_o many_o mountain_n among_o we_o take_v their_o name_n never_o unto_o this_o wickham_n or_o wicomb_n be_v bradenham_n seat_v in_o a_o very_a commodious_a and_o wholesome_a 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pontes_n which_o be_v that_o pontes_n whereof_o antonine_n the_o emperor_n make_v mention_v as_o the_o distance_n on_o both_o side_n from_o wallingford_n and_o london_n do_v witness_v neither_o be_v there_o any_o other_o place_n else_o in_o the_o way_n that_o lead_v from_o wallingford_n to_o london_n to_o which_o the_o name_n of_o pontes_n that_o be_v bridge_n may_v be_v more_o fit_o apply_v for_o this_o coal_n be_v here_o part_v into_o four_o channel_n over_o which_o stand_v as_o many_o bridge_n for_o the_o commodity_n of_o passenger_n whereof_o that_o it_o take_v this_o name_n the_o very_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n do_v plain_o show_v like_a as_o gephyrae_fw-la a_o town_n in_o boâ—etia_n and_o another_o pontes_n in_o france_n where_o the_o county_n of_o ponthieu_n our_o tunbridg_n and_o other_o be_v so_o call_v of_o bridge_n this_o county_n of_o ponthieu_n to_o note_n so_o much_o by_o the_o way_n descend_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o the_o right_n of_o aeleanor_n the_o wife_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o who_o by_o her_o mother_n right_a be_v sole_a and_o entire_a heir_n of_o the_o same_o cole_n by_o these_o several_a partition_n of_o his_o stream_n compass_v in_o certain_a pleasant_a land_n into_o which_o the_o dane_n flee_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 894._o when_o aelfred_n preass_v hard_a upon_o they_o and_o there_o by_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o place_n defend_v themselves_o until_o the_o english_a for_o want_n of_o provision_n be_v force_v to_o break_v up_o siege_n and_o leave_v they_o at_o this_o divorce_n and_o division_n of_o the_o water_n ewer_n or_o ever_o a_o little_a town_n show_v itself_o which_o when_o k._n richard_n the_o first_o have_v give_v unto_o sir_n robert_n fitz-roger_n lord_n of_o clavering_n his_o young_a son_n of_o this_o place_n assume_v their_o surname_n to_o wit_n hugh_n from_o who_o the_o baron_n of_o ewer_n and_o robert_n from_o who_o the_o family_n of_o ewer_n in_o axolme_n be_v spring_v and_o 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tender_v and_o present_v unto_o the_o king_n that_o he_o may_v take_v they_o if_o he_o will_v when_o geld_v be_v give_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n general_o throughout_o all_o berkshire_n a_o hide_n of_o land_n yield_v threepence_n halfpenny_n before_o christmas_n and_o as_o much_o at_o whitsuntide_n thus_o much_o of_o berkshire_n which_o as_o yet_o have_v give_v the_o title_n of_o earl_n to_o no_o man_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o this_o shire_n be_v parish_n 140._o these_o region_n which_o hitherto_o we_o have_v travail_v through_o that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o the_o danmonij_fw-la durotriges_n belgae_n and_o attrebatij_n what_o time_n as_o the_o saxon_n bear_v sovereign_a rule_n in_o britain_n westsaxon_n fall_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n which_o they_o in_o their_o language_n
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be_v choose_v yearly_o for_o the_o head_n magistrate_n two_o baillive_n and_o as_o many_o justice_n out_o of_o four_o and_o twenty_o other_o as_o touch_v the_o antiquity_n thereof_o so_o far_o as_o ever_o i_o can_v observe_v the_o name_n of_o it_o be_v not_o hear_v of_o before_o the_o danish_a invasion_n whereof_o it_o smart_v for_o in_o the_o year_n of_o salvation_n 991._o the_o dane_n sack_v and_o spoil_v it_o and_o all_o the_o sea_n coast_n with_o so_o great_a cruelty_n that_o siritius_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o the_o noble_n of_o england_n think_v it_o the_o safe_a and_o best_a course_n they_o can_v take_v to_o redeem_v and_o buy_v their_o peace_n of_o they_o for_o the_o sum_n of_o ten_o thousand_o pound_n nevertheless_o within_o nine_o year_n they_o make_v spoil_v of_o this_o town_n again_o and_o present_o thereupon_o the_o englishman_n valiant_o encounter_v they_o in_o the_o field_n but_o through_o the_o cowardly_a run_v away_o of_o one_o man_n alone_o name_v turkill_n as_o write_v henry_n of_o huntingdon_n for_o in_o matter_n of_o war_n thing_n of_o small_a weight_n otherwise_o be_v of_o right_n great_a moment_n and_o sway_v very_o much_o our_o man_n be_v put_v to_o flight_n and_o let_v the_o victory_n slip_v out_o of_o their_o hand_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o s._n edward_n as_o we_o find_v in_o the_o survey_n book_n of_o england_n out_o of_o this_o town_n queen_n edeva_n have_v two_o part_n and_o earl_n guert_n a_o three_o part_n and_o burgess_n there_o be_v eight_o hundred_o pay_v custom_n to_o the_o king_n book_n but_o after_o the_o norman_n have_v possess_v themselves_o of_o england_n they_o erect_v a_o pile_n or_o castle_n here_o which_o hugh_n bigod_n defend_v for_o a_o good_a while_n against_o stephen_n the_o usurp_a king_n of_o england_n but_o surrender_v it_o in_o the_o end_n this_o fort_n be_v now_o quite_o go_v so_o as_o there_o remain_v not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o ruin_n thereof_o some_o say_v it_o be_v in_o the_o parish_n of_o westfield_n hard_o by_o where_o be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o rubbish_n of_o a_o castle_n and_o where_o old_a gipwic_n as_o man_n say_v stand_v in_o time_n past_a i_o think_v very_o it_o be_v then_o demolish_v waleton_n when_o k._n henry_n the_o second_o lay_v waleton_n castle_n near_o unto_o it_o even_o with_o the_o ground_n for_o it_o be_v a_o place_n of_o refuge_n for_o rebel_n and_o here_o land_v those_o three_o thousand_o fleming_n who_o the_o noble_n of_o england_n have_v call_v in_o against_o he_o what_o time_n as_o he_o unadvised_o he_o have_v make_v prince_n henry_n his_o son_n king_n and_o of_o equal_a power_n with_o himself_o and_o the_o young_a man_n know_v no_o mean_a will_v be_v in_o the_o high_a place_n or_o none_o set_v upon_o a_o furious_a desire_n of_o the_o kingdom_n most_o unnatural_o wage_v war_n against_o his_o own_o father_n albeit_o these_o castle_n be_v now_o clean_o decay_v and_o go_v yet_o this_o shore_n be_v defend_v sufficient_o with_o a_o huge_a bank_n 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who_o sake_n also_o when_o john_n be_v revolt_v from_o he_o and_o take_v part_n with_o the_o french_a he_o honour_v with_o the_o same_o title_n william_n marquesse_n of_o juliers_n the_o say_a queen_n philip_n sister_n son_n after_o the_o death_n of_o these_o two_o forainer_n king_n edward_n the_o three_o translate_v this_o dignity_n to_o his_o five_o son_n edmund_n of_o langley_n which_o after_o he_o have_v hold_v four_o year_n my_o warrant_n i_o have_v out_o of_o a_o old_a manuscript_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o that_o skilful_a antiquary_n francis_n thinn_n the_o earl_n of_o henault_n cousin_n to_o queen_n philip_n come_v into_o parliament_n house_n put_v in_o a_o claim_n for_o his_o right_n and_o return_v back_o well_o content_v the_o say_v edmund_n of_o langly_n afterward_o duke_n of_o york_n have_v two_o son_n edward_n duke_n of_o york_n who_o for_o a_o certain_a time_n hold_v the_o earldom_n of_o cambridge_n and_o be_v slay_v in_o the_o battle_n of_o agin-court_n and_o 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tree_n the_o bough_n be_v cut_v off_o firm_o fasten_v in_o the_o ground_n wherewith_o he_o wall_v it_o round_o for_o the_o saxon_n in_o their_o tongue_n call_v the_o trunk_n and_o body_n of_o tree_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o a_o wall_n as_o we_o do_v now_o ethelfle_v at_o the_o very_a mouth_n of_o the_o river_n stand_v runkborne_n found_v in_o the_o same_o age_n by_o lady_n edelflede_n common_o call_v eâ—fled_v and_o bring_v now_o by_o the_o mutability_n of_o time_n to_o a_o few_o cottage_n this_o lady_n edelfleda_n to_o tell_v you_o at_o once_o of_o who_o i_o have_v oft_o make_v mention_n sister_n to_o k._n edward_n the_o elder_a and_o wife_n to_o ethelred_n a_o peâ—y_a king_n of_o the_o mercian_n after_o her_o husband_n death_n govern_v the_o mercian_n in_o most_o dangerous_a and_o troublesome_a time_n for_o eight_o year_n with_o high_a commendation_n touch_v who_o these_o laudatory_a verse_n in_o praise_n of_o she_o we_o read_v in_o the_o history_n of_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n o_o elfleda_n potens_fw-la o_o terror_n virgo_fw-la virorum_fw-la victrix_n naturae_fw-la nomine_fw-la digna_fw-la viri_fw-la te_o quo_fw-la splendidior_fw-la fieres_fw-la natura_fw-la puellam_fw-la te_fw-la probitas_fw-la fecit_fw-la nomen_fw-la habere_fw-la viri_fw-la te_fw-la mutare_fw-la decet_fw-la sed_fw-la solam_fw-la nomina_fw-la sexus_fw-la tu_fw-la regina_fw-la potens_fw-la rexque_fw-la trophaea_fw-la parans_fw-la jam_fw-la nec_fw-la caesarci_n tantum_fw-la meruere_fw-la triumphi_fw-la caesar_fw-la splendidior_fw-la virgo_fw-la virago_n vale_n o_o mighty_a elfle_v vigin_n pure_a that_o man_n do_v terrify_v and_o nature_n pass_v right_a worthy_a thou_o in_o name_n man_n to_o be_v to_o grace_v thou_o more_o dame_n nature_n once_o thou_o shape_v a_o maiden_n brave_a but_o virtue_n thou_o have_v cause_v now_o the_o name_n of_o man_n to_o have_v it_o thou_o become_v but_o thou_o alone_o the_o name_n of_o sex_n to_o change_v of_o great_a queen_n and_o triumphant_a king_n thou_o stand_v in_o the_o range_n from_o caesar_n triumph_n for_o desert_n thou_o bear_v away_o the_o bell_n no_o caesar_n ever_o be_v thy_o match_n thus_o manly-maide_n fare_v well_o beneath_o runckhorne_n somewhat_o within_o the_o country_n haulton_n the_o town_n and_o castle_n both_o show_v themselves_o which_o hugh_n lupus_n earl_n of_o chester_n give_v unto_o niel_n a_o norman_a to_o be_v by_o tenure_n and_o service_n constable_n of_o chester_n by_o who_o posterity_n through_o the_o variable_a change_n of_o time_n it_o be_v come_v unto_o the_o house_n of_o lancaster_n neither_o will_v this_o be_v overpass_v in_o silence_n that_o william_n the_o say_v nieles_n son_n found_v the_o abbey_n adjoin_v at_o norton_n which_o now_o appertain_v to_o the_o broks_n of_o ancient_a descent_n whether_o i_o shall_v place_v in_o this_o shire_n or_o elsewhere_o the_o cangi_n a_o ancient_a nation_n of_o britan_n that_o have_v be_v so_o much_o and_o so_o long_o seek_v for_o i_o have_v as_o 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only_o in_o pilgrimage_n with_o devotion_n to_o visit_v his_o body_n which_o they_o believe_v to_o have_v continue_v still_o find_v and_o uncorrupt_a but_o also_o give_v very_o large_a possession_n to_o this_o church_n and_o endow_v the_o same_o with_o many_o immunity_n king_n edgfride_n bestow_v upon_o cuthbert_n himself_o while_o he_o live_v great_a revenue_n in_o the_o very_a city_n of_o york_n and_o creak_v also_o whereof_o i_o speak_v and_o the_o city_n luguballia_n as_o we_o read_v in_o the_o history_n of_o durham_n king_n aelfred_n and_o guthrun_n the_o dane_n who_o he_o make_v lieutenant_n of_o northumberland_n give_v afterward_o all_o the_o land_n between_o the_o river_n be_v and_o tine_n unto_o cuthbert_n and_o to_o those_o who_o minister_v in_o his_o church_n to_o have_v and_o to_o hold_v for_o ever_o as_o their_o rightful_a possession_n these_o be_v the_o very_a word_n in_o effect_n of_o a_o ancient_a book_n whence_o they_o may_v have_v sufficient_a maintenance_n to_o live_v upon_o and_o not_o be_v pinch_v with_o poverty_n over_o and_o beside_o they_o ordain_v his_o church_n to_o be_v a_o safe_a sanctuary_n for_o all_o fugitive_n that_o whosoever_o for_o any_o cause_n flee_v unto_o his_o corpse_n shall_v have_v peaceable_a be_v for_o 37._o day_n and_o the_o same_o liberty_n never_o for_o any_o occasion_n to_o be_v infringe_v or_o deny_v edward_n and_o athelstan_n king_n knute_n also_o or_o canutus_n the_o dane_n who_o come_v on_o his_o bare_a foot_n to_o cuthberts_n tomb_n not_o only_o confirm_v but_o enlarge_v also_o these_o liberty_n in_o like_a manner_n king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n since_o who_o time_n it_o have_v always_o be_v deem_v a_o county_n palatine_n yea_o and_o some_o of_o the_o bishop_n as_o count_n palatine_n have_v engrave_v in_o their_o seal_n a_o knight_n or_o man_n at_o arm_n in_o complete_a harness_n sit_v
if_o good_a occasion_n be_v offer_v to_o encounter_v with_o they_o before_o they_o come_v to_o the_o limit_n in_o this_o island_n the_o roman_n forefense_a when_o they_o perceive_v that_o the_o far_a part_n of_o britain_n lie_v north_n be_v cold_a and_o a_o rough_a barren_a soil_n and_o inhabit_v by_o the_o caledonian_n britan_n and_o barbarous_a nation_n in_o subdue_a whereof_o they_o be_v sure_a to_o take_v much_o pain_n and_o reap_v very_o small_a profit_n build_v at_o sundry_a time_n divers_a forefenses_a as_o well_o to_o bind_v as_o to_o defend_v the_o province_n glotta_n the_o first_o of_o these_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v make_v by_o julius_n agricola_n when_o he_o fortify_v with_o hold_n and_o garrison_n that_o narrow_a space_n of_o ground_n that_o lie_v between_o edenborrough_n frith_n and_o dunbretten_v frith_n which_o afterward_o be_v eftsoon_o strengthen_v when_o terminus_n the_o god_n of_o bound_n 19_o who_o will_v not_o give_v place_n to_o jupiter_n himself_o be_v so_o enforce_v to_o yield_v to_o hadrian_n the_o emperor_n that_o he_o withdraw_v the_o limit_v of_o the_o roman_a empire_n in_o the_o east_n to_o the_o river_n euphrates_n forefense_a whether_o for_o envy_v to_o trajan's_n glory_n under_o who_o the_o empire_n extend_v further_a or_o for_o fear_n he_o likewise_o withdraw_v the_o limit_n fourscore_o mile_n or_o thereabouts_o within_o this_o island_n to_o the_o river_n tine_n and_o there_o make_v the_o second_o fore-fence_n he_o say_v spartianus_n bring_v a_o wall_n on_o for_o fourscore_o mile_n in_o length_n which_o shall_v divide_v the_o barbarian_n and_o the_o roman_n asunder_o raise_v with_o great_a stake_n or_o pile_n pitch_v deep_a in_o the_o ground_n and_o fasten_v together_o in_o manner_n of_o a_o mural_a or_o military_a mound_n for_o defence_n as_o may_v be_v gather_v out_o of_o that_o which_o follow_v in_o spartianus_n and_o this_o be_v that_o forefense_a wherewith_o we_o be_v now_o in_o hand_n for_o it_o go_v out_o in_o length_n lxxx._n italian_n mile_n about_o which_o be_v pons_n aelius_n classis_fw-la aelia_n cohors_fw-la aelia_n ala_n sabiniana_n which_o take_v their_o name_n from_o aelius_n hadrianus_n and_o sabina_n his_o wife_n and_o that_o scottish_a historiographer_n who_o write_v the_o wheel_n of_o time_n temporum_fw-la write_v thus_o hadrian_n be_v the_o first_o of_o all_o that_o make_v a_o rampire_n or_o wall_n of_o a_o huge_a and_o wonderful_a bigness_n like_v unto_o a_o mountain_n all_o of_o turf_n dig_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n with_o a_o ditch_n lie_v to_o it_o affront_v from_o the_o mouth_n of_o tine_n unto_o the_o river_n eske_n that_o be_v from_o the_o german_a sea_n unto_o the_o irish_a ocean_n which_o hector_n boetius_fw-la according_o witness_v in_o the_o same_o word_n fence_n lollius_n urbicus_n lieutenant_n of_o britain_n under_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n pius_n by_o his_o fortunate_a fight_n do_v enlarge_v the_o bound_n again_o as_o far_o as_o to_o that_o first_o frontier_n fence_n that_o be_v make_v by_o julius_n agricola_n and_o even_o there_o raise_v up_o a_o three_o fence_n with_o a_o wall_n he_o say_v capitolinus_n vanquish_v the_o britan_n and_o have_v drive_v out_o the_o barbarian_n make_v another_o wall_n of_o turf_n beyond_o that_o of_o hadrianus_n the_o honour_n of_o which_o war_n happy_o dispatch_v and_o finish_v in_o britain_n fronto_n as_o the_o panegyricall_a orator_n say_v ascribe_v unto_o antonine_n the_o emperor_n and_o have_v testify_v that_o he_o although_o sit_v still_o at_o home_n in_o the_o very_a palace_n of_o rome_n have_v give_v charge_n and_o commission_n to_o another_o general_n for_o the_o war_n yet_o like_a unto_o the_o pilot_n of_o a_o galley_n sit_v at_o the_o stern_a and_o guide_v the_o helm_n deserve_v the_o glory_n of_o the_o whole_a voyage_n and_o expedition_n but_o that_o this_o wall_n of_o antoninus_n pius_n and_o of_o his_o lieutenant_n lollius_n urbicus_n be_v in_o scotland_n shall_v be_v prove_v hereafter_o fence_n when_o the_o caledonian_n britan_n while_o commodus_n be_v emperor_n have_v break_v through_o this_o wall_n severus_n neglect_v that_o far_a and_o huge_a big_a country_n make_v a_o fortification_n cross_v over_o the_o island_n from_o solway_n frith_n to_o tinmouth_n in_o that_o very_a place_n if_o i_o have_v any_o judgement_n where_o hadrian_n make_v his_o wall_n of_o stake_n and_o pile_n and_o of_o my_o opinion_n be_v hector_n boetius_fw-la severus_n say_v he_o command_v hadrian_o wall_n to_o be_v repair_v with_o bulwark_n of_o stone_n and_o turret_n place_v in_o such_o convenient_a distance_n as_o that_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o trumpet_n though_o against_o the_o wind_n may_v be_v hear_v from_o the_o one_o unto_o the_o other_o and_o in_o another_o place_n our_o chronicle_n report_v that_o the_o wall_n begin_v by_o hadrian_n be_v finish_v by_o severus_n also_o hierom_n surita_n a_o most_o learned_a spaniard_n who_o write_v that_o the_o fence_n of_o hadrian_n be_v extend_v far_o by_o sept._n severus_n with_o great_a fortification_n by_o the_o name_n of_o vallum_n semblable_o guidus_fw-la paucirolus_fw-la who_o affirm_v that_o severus_n do_v but_o re-edify_a and_o repair_v the_o wall_n of_o hadrian_n be_v fall_v down_o he_o say_v spartianus_n fence_a britain_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a act_n record_v in_o his_o time_n by_o erect_v up_o a_o wall_n overthwart_o the_o island_n to_o the_o bind_v of_o the_o ocean_n on_o both_o side_n the_o isle_n whereupon_o he_o get_v the_o title_n of_o britannicus_n after_o he_o have_v drive_v out_o the_o enemy_n as_o say_v aurelius_n victor_n he_o fence_a britain_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o be_v commodious_a unto_o he_o etc._n etc._n as_o also_o spartianus_n again_o eutropius_n to_o the_o end_n that_o he_o may_v fortify_v with_o all_o safety_n and_o security_n the_o province_n which_o he_o have_v recover_v he_o make_v a_o wall_n for_o 35._o or_o rather_o more_o true_o 80._o mile_n in_o length_n even_o from_o sea_n to_o sea_n that_o part_n of_o the_o island_n which_o he_o have_v recover_v as_o orosius_n write_v he_o think_v good_a to_o sever_v from_o other_o untamed_a nation_n by_o a_o rampire_n or_o wall_n and_o therefore_o he_o cast_v a_o great_a ditch_n and_o raise_v a_o most_o strong_a wall_n fortify_v with_o many_o turret_n for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o two_o mile_n from_o sea_n to_o sea_n with_o who_o bede_n agree_v who_o will_v not_o willing_o hear_v that_o severus_n make_v a_o wall_n for_o that_o he_o labour_v to_o prove_v that_o a_o wall_n be_v make_v of_o stone_n and_o a_o rampire_n name_v vallum_n of_o stake_n or_o pile_n that_o be_v call_v valli_n and_o of_o turf_n whereas_o in_o very_a truth_n vallum_n and_o murus_n vallum_n that_o be_v a_o wall_n be_v indifferent_o use_v on_o for_o another_o and_o yet_o spartianus_n call_v it_o murus_n that_o be_v a_o wall_n and_o shall_v seem_v to_o show_v that_o he_o make_v both_o a_o wall_n and_o a_o trench_n by_o these_o word_n post_fw-la murum_fw-la apud_fw-la vallum_fw-la in_o britannia_fw-la missum_fw-la etc._n etc._n howbeit_o we_o gather_v out_o of_o bede_n that_o the_o say_v vallum_n or_o rampire_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o wall_n of_o turf_n and_o no_o man_n can_v true_o say_v that_o the_o wall_n of_o severus_n be_v build_v of_o stone_n 5._o but_o have_v here_o the_o very_a word_n of_o bede_n himself_o severus_n have_v get_v the_o victory_n in_o civil_a war_n at_o home_n which_o have_v fall_v out_o to_o be_v very_o dangerous_a be_v draw_v into_o britain_n upon_o general_a revolt_n almost_o of_o all_o the_o ally_n there_o where_o after_o great_a and_o sore_a battle_n many_o time_n fight_v when_o he_o have_v regain_v part_n of_o the_o island_n he_o think_v good_a to_o have_v the_o same_o divide_v from_o other_o wild_a and_o untamed_a nation_n not_o with_o a_o wall_n as_o some_o think_v but_o with_o a_o rampire_n for_o a_o wall_n be_v make_v of_o stone_n but_o a_o rampire_n whereby_o camp_n be_v fortify_v to_o repel_v the_o force_n of_o enemy_n be_v make_v of_o turf_n cut_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n round_o about_o but_o raise_v high_a in_o manner_n of_o a_o wall_n above_o ground_n so_o that_o there_o be_v a_o ditch_n or_o trench_n afront_o it_o whereout_o the_o turf_n be_v get_v upon_o which_o be_v pitch_v pile_n of_o very_a strong_a timber_n and_o so_o severus_n cast_v a_o great_a ditch_n and_o raise_v a_o most_o strong_a rampire_n strengthen_v with_o many_o turret_n thereupon_o from_o sea_n to_o sea_n neither_o be_v it_o know_v by_o any_o other_o name_n in_o antonine_n or_o the_o notice_n of_o province_n than_o by_o vallum_n that_o be_v a_o rampire_n and_o be_v in_o the_o british_a tongue_n term_v gual-seve_a hereto_o we_o may_v annexe_v the_o authority_n also_o of_o ethelward_n our_o ancient_a writer_n next_o unto_o bede_n who_o as_o touch_v severus_n have_v these_o word_n he_o
the_o lord_n the_o pope_n from_o the_o one_o side_n and_o the_o other_o be_v send_v certain_a messenger_n to_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n but_o while_o king_n edward_n abode_n in_o flanders_n william_n walleis_n by_o the_o common_a counsel_n of_o the_o scot_n come_v with_o a_o great_a army_n to_o the_o bridge_n of_o strivelin_n and_o give_v battle_n unto_o john_n earl_n warren_n in_o which_o battle_n on_o both_o side_n many_o be_v slay_v and_o many_o drown_v but_o the_o englishman_n be_v discomfit_v and_o defeat_v upon_o which_o exploit_n all_o the_o scot_n at_o once_o arise_v and_o make_v a_o insurrection_n as_o well_o earl_n as_o baron_n against_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o there_o fell_a discord_n between_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o roger_n bigod_n earl_n mareschall_n but_o soon_o after_o they_o be_v agree_v and_o saint_n lewis_n a_o friar_n minor_fw-la son_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sicily_n and_o archbishop_n of_o colein_n die_v also_o the_o son_n and_o heir_n of_o the_o king_n de_fw-fr maliagro_n that_o be_v of_o the_o majoricke_a land_n institute_v the_o order_n of_o the_o friar_n minor_n at_o the_o information_n of_o saint_n lewis_n who_o say_v go_v and_o do_v so_o item_n in_o ireland_n leghlin_n with_o other_o town_n be_v burn_v by_o the_o irish_a of_o slemergi_fw-la item_n calwagh_o o-hanlan_a and_o yneg_v mac-mahon_n be_v slay_v in_o urgale_n mccxcviii_o pope_n boniface_n the_o four_o the_o morrow_n after_o the_o feast_n of_o the_o apostle_n peter_n and_o paul_n after_o all_o tumult_n be_v appease_v ordain_v and_o confirm_v a_o peace_n between_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o the_o king_n of_o france_n with_o certain_a condition_n that_o after_o follow_v item_n edward_n king_n of_o england_n set_v forth_o with_o a_o army_n again_o into_o scotland_n for_o to_o subdue_v the_o scot_n under_o his_o dominion_n item_n there_o be_v slay_v in_o the_o same_o expedition_n about_o the_o feast_n of_o saint_n marie_n maudlin_a many_o thousand_o of_o the_o scot_n at_o fawkirk_n the_o sun_n the_o same_o day_n appear_v as_o red_a as_o blood_n over_o all_o ireland_n so_o long_o as_o the_o battle_n continue_v at_o fawkirke_n aforesaid_a item_n about_o the_o same_o time_n the_o lord_n king_n of_o england_n feoff_v his_o knight_n in_o the_o earldom_n and_o barony_n of_o the_o scot_n that_o be_v slay_v more_o in_o ireland_n peace_n and_o concord_n be_v conclude_v between_o the_o earl_n of_o ulster_n and_o lord_n john_n fitz-thomas_n about_o the_o feast_n of_o the_o apostle_n simon_n and_o jude._n also_o on_o the_o morrow_n after_o the_o feast_n of_o the_o 7._o saint_n sleeper_n the_o sunbeam_n be_v change_v almost_o into_o the_o colour_n of_o blood_n even_o from_o the_o morning_n so_o that_o all_o man_n that_o see_v it_o wonder_v thereat_o moreover_o there_o die_v sir_n thomas_n fitz-maurice_n knight_n and_o sir_n robert_n bigod_n sometime_o lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o the_o bench._n item_n in_o the_o city_n artha_n as_o also_o in_o reathe_n in_o the_o part_n of_o italy_n while_o pope_n boniface_n abide_v there_o at_o the_o same_o time_n there_o happen_v so_o great_a a_o earthquake_n that_o tower_n and_o palace_n fall_v down_o to_o the_o ground_n the_o pope_n also_o with_o his_o cardinal_n flee_v from_o the_o city_n much_o affright_v item_n upon_o the_o feast_n of_o the_o epiphany_n that_o be_v twelve_o day_n there_o be_v a_o earthquake_n though_o not_o so_o violent_a in_o england_n from_o canterbury_n as_o far_o as_o to_o hampton_n mccxcix_o lord_n theobald_n botiller_n the_o young_a depart_v this_o life_n in_o the_o manor_n de_fw-fr turby_n the_o second_o day_n before_o the_o ides_n of_o may_n who_o corpse_n be_v convey_v towards_o weydeney_n that_o be_v weney_n in_o the_o county_n of_o limeric_n the_o six_o day_n before_o the_o calends_n of_o june_n item_n edward_n king_n of_o england_n take_v to_o wife_n the_o lady_n margaret_n sister_n to_o the_o noble_a king_n of_o france_n in_o the_o church_n of_o the_o holy_a trinity_n in_o canterbury_n about_o the_o feast_n of_o the_o holy_a trinity_n item_n the_o sultan_n of_o babylon_n be_v defeat_v with_o a_o great_a army_n of_o saracen_n by_o cassian_n king_n of_o the_o tartar_n mccxcix_o the_o day_n after_o the_o feast_n of_o the_o purification_n of_o the_o bless_a virgin_n marie_n there_o be_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o the_o saracen_n horseman_n slay_v beside_o the_o footman_n who_o be_v likewise_o innumerable_a item_n in_o the_o same_o year_n there_o be_v a_o battle_n or_o fight_n of_o dog_n in_o burgundy_n at_o genelon_n castle_n and_o the_o number_n of_o the_o dog_n be_v 3000._o and_o every_o one_o kill_v another_o so_o that_o no_o dog_n escape_v alive_a but_o one_o alone_a item_n the_o same_o year_n many_o irishman_n come_v to_o trouble_v and_o molest_v the_o lord_n theobald_n verdon_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o roch_n before_o the_o feast_n of_o the_o annunciation_n mccc_o the_o pollard_n money_n be_v forbid_v in_o england_n and_o ireland_n also_o in_o the_o autumn_n edward_n king_n of_o england_n enter_v scotland_n with_o a_o power_n of_o arm_a man_n but_o at_o the_o commandment_n of_o pope_n boniface_n he_o be_v stay_v and_o he_o send_v solemn_a messenger_n unto_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n excuse_v himself_o of_o do_v any_o injury_n item_n thomas_n the_o king_n son_n of_o england_n be_v the_o last_o day_n of_o may_n bear_v at_o brotherton_n of_o margaret_n sister_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n item_n edward_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n die_v without_o leave_v behind_o a_o heir_n of_o his_o own_o body_n and_o be_v inter_v in_o the_o abbey_n of_o hales_n mccci_o edward_n king_n of_o england_n enter_v into_o scotland_n with_o a_o army_n unto_o who_o fail_v over_o sea_n sir_n john_n wogan_n justice_n of_o ireland_n and_o sir_n john_n fitz-thomas_n peter_n bermingham_n and_o many_o other_o to_o aid_v the_o king_n of_o england_n also_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o city_n dublin_n be_v burn_v together_o with_o the_o church_n of_o saint_n warburga_n on_o s._n columb_n day_n at_o night_n more_o sir_n geffrey_n genevil_n espouse_v the_o daughter_n of_o sir_n john_n montefort_n and_o sir_n john_n mortimer_n espouse_v the_o daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o sir_n peter_n genevil_n and_o the_o lord_n theobald_n verdon_n espouse_v the_o daughter_n of_o the_o lord_n roger_n mortimer_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o man_n of_o leinster_n make_v war_n in_o winter_n burn_v the_o town_n of_o wykynlo_n and_o rathdon_n with_o other_o but_o they_o escape_v not_o unpunished_a because_o the_o more_o part_n of_o their_o sustenance_n be_v burn_v up_o and_o their_o cattle_n lose_v by_o depredation_n and_o the_o same_o irish_a have_v be_v utter_o almost_o consume_v but_o that_o the_o seditious_a dissension_n of_o certain_a englishman_n be_v a_o hindrance_n thereto_o item_n a_o defeature_n and_o slaughter_n be_v make_v by_o the_o toolan_n upon_o a_o small_a company_n assemble_v of_o the_o breny_v in_o which_o be_v slay_v almost_o three_o hundred_o robber_n item_n walter_n power_n waste_v a_o great_a part_n of_o monster_n burn_v many_o farm_n house_n mcccii_o there_o die_v the_o lady_n margaret_n wife_n to_o sir_n john_n wogan_n justice_n of_o ireland_n the_o three_o day_n before_o the_o ides_n of_o april_n and_o in_o the_o week_n follow_v maud_n lacie_n wife_n to_o sir_n geoffrey_n genevil_n die_v also_o edward_n botiller_n recover_v the_o manor_n de_fw-fr hollâ—wood_n s._n bosco_n with_o the_o pertenance_n from_o sir_n richard_n ferenge_n archbishop_n of_o dublin_n by_o a_o concord_n make_v between_o they_o in_o the_o king_n bench_n after_o the_o feast_n of_o s._n hilary_n item_n the_o fleming_n give_v a_o overthrow_n at_o courteray_n in_o flanders_n unto_o the_o army_n of_o the_o french_a the_o wednesday_n after_o the_o feast_n of_o the_o translation_n of_o s._n thomas_n wherein_o be_v slay_v the_o earl_n of_o arthois_n the_o earl_n of_o aumarle_n the_o earl_n of_o hue_n ralph_n neel_n constable_n of_o france_n guy_n nevil_n marshal_n of_o france_n the_o son_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o hennaund_n godfrey_n brabant_n with_o his_o son_n william_n fenys_n and_o his_o son_n james_n s._n paul_n lose_v his_o hand_n and_o forty_o baronet_n lost_n their_o life_n that_o day_n with_o knight_n esquire_n and_o other_o sans_o number_n item_n the_o ten_o of_o all_o ecclesiastical_a benefice_n in_o england_n and_o ireland_n be_v exact_v by_o boniface_n the_o pope_n for_o 3._o year_n as_o a_o subsidy_n to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n against_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n also_o upon_o the_o day_n of_o the_o circumcision_n sir_n hugh_n lacie_n raise_v booty_n from_o hugh_n vernail_n in_o the_o same_o year_n robert_n brus_n than_o earl_n of_o carrick_n espouse_v the_o daughter_n of_o sir_n richard_n bourk_n earl_n of_o ulster_n item_n edward_n botiller_n espouse_v the_o daughter_n of_o sir_n john_n fitz-thomas_n also_o