that_o must_v be_v spread_v upon_o it_o that_o the_o root_n may_v have_v the_o more_o liberty_n to_o spread_v backward_o fill_v up_o the_o hole_n with_o the_o mould_n and_o use_v all_o diligence_n to_o place_v the_o root_n of_o your_o tree_n in_o the_o same_o posture_n they_o be_v in_o before_o you_o remove_v it_o if_o the_o tree_n be_v young_a and_o the_o root_n slender_a this_o can_v be_v perform_v no_o way_n but_o by_o throw_v in_o a_o little_a soil_n at_o a_o time_n and_o then_o raise_v up_o with_o your_o hand_n such_o root_n as_o be_v press_v down_o by_o it_o below_o their_o proper_a situation_n spread_v they_o on_o the_o soil_n you_o have_v cast_v in_o and_o then_o throw_v in_o more_o and_o order_v the_o root_n as_o before_o so_o continue_v to_o do_v till_o you_o have_v fill_v up_o the_o hole_n old_a tree_n with_o sturdy_a root_n do_v not_o require_v so_o much_o curiosity_n but_o you_o must_v be_v sure_a that_o the_o mould_n lie_v close_o under_o betwixt_o and_o among_o the_o root_n if_o the_o soil_n be_v light_n you_o must_v press_v it_o down_o gentle_o with_o your_o foot_n then_o cover_v they_o half_o a_o yard_n about_o with_o fearn_n or_o straw_n or_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v not_o very_o rich_a with_o dung_n 〈◊〉_d 〈…〉_o the_o 〈◊〉_d sect._n 4._o every_o year_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o prune_v and_o nail_v they_o to_o the_o wall_n twice_o or_o thrice_o according_a as_o they_o grow_v more_o or_o less_o wherein_o you_o must_v observe_v to_o bend_v down_o the_o strong_a shoot_n that_o will_v grow_v upward_o towards_o the_o side_n otherwise_o they_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o run_v straight_o upward_o and_o not_o cover_v the_o space_n you_o design_n for_o they_o and_o by_o their_o luxurious_a growth_n will_v extreme_o rob_v the_o side_n branch_n of_o their_o nourishment_n there_o will_v branch_n enough_o spring_v out_o fresh_a to_o run_v upward_o out_o of_o they_o when_o they_o be_v so_o bow_v cut_a off_o such_o as_o grow_v direct_o outward_a close_a to_o the_o body_n if_o you_o cut_v a_o part_n of_o any_o branch_n off_o do_v it_o at_o a_o bud_n that_o the_o cut_n may_v be_v cover_v with_o a_o fresh_a sprig_n lay_v none_o across_o or_o under_o one_o another_o but_o let_v they_o spread_v as_o the_o finger_n of_o your_o hand_n when_o it_o be_v expanded_a the_o winter_n prune_v may_v be_v do_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o fruit_n and_o leaf_n be_v fall_v or_o any_o time_n before_o february_n except_o nectarine_n and_o peach_n which_o be_v apt_a to_o die_v if_o prune_v before_o the_o sap_n rise_v mr._n rea_n say_v the_o best_a time_n to_o prune_n they_o be_v after_o they_o flower_n shread_n of_o woollen-cloth_n be_v the_o best_a thing_n to_o nail_v they_o up_o with_o some_o use_v gentle_a leather_n or_o a_o old_a hat_n any_o of_o these_o may_v serve_v turn_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o sect._n 5._o sometime_o in_o the_o winter_n after_o two_o or_o three_o year_n if_o the_o soil_v the_o root_n be_v to_o spread_v into_o be_v not_o rich_a enough_o open_v the_o ground_n at_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o hole_n you_o make_v at_o set_v as_o near_o round_o about_o as_o the_o wall_n will_v permit_v if_o you_o find_v no_o root_n bare_a let_v it_o lie_v open_v a_o month_n and_o then_o sill_z it_o up_o with_o the_o earth_n that_o come_v forth_o well_o mix_v with_o such_o a_o manure_n as_o suit_n with_o it_o soil_n amenling_n soil_n sect._n 6._o where_o the_o natural_a soil_n be_v not_o good_a enough_o of_o itself_o whether_o it_o be_v in_o garden_n orchard_n or_o field_n there_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v by_o skill_n assist_v and_o better_v at_o leastwise_o for_o such_o a_o compass_n as_o the_o root_n of_o every_o tree_n take_v up_o for_o some_o time_n if_o not_o so_o far_o round_o as_o they_o be_v ever_o like_a to_o extend_v themselves_o and_o this_o must_v be_v do_v by_o mix_v such_o manure_n with_o the_o soil_n as_o suit_n best_o with_o its_o temper_n if_o the_o soil_n be_v clay_n or_o clay_n mix_v with_o gravel_n or_o wet_a heavy_a land_n hot_a dung_n as_o that_o of_o horse_n or_o poultry_n be_v best_a to_o mix_v with_o it_o to_o bring_v it_o to_o a_o due_a temperament_n and_o if_o the_o soil_n be_v a_o light_n hollow_a eskie_a or_o sandy_a land_n marle_n mud_n our_o of_o a_o pond_n or_o river_n or_o shovellingâ—_n of_o dirty_a yard_n or_o highway_n if_o they_o be_v not_o sandy_a and_o be_v well_o mellow_v by_o lie_v on_o heap_n and_o especial_o if_o those_o heap_n be_v mix_v with_o lime_n be_v proper_a to_o mend_v it_o if_o this_o last_o soil_n be_v barren_a likewise_o you_o may_v proper_o add_v a_o mixture_n of_o neats-dung_n if_o your_o land_n be_v too_o rich_a which_o be_v seldom_o see_v you_o may_v mix_v coal_n ash_n with_o it_o i_o have_v see_v a_o appletree_n on_o a_o hemp-but_a which_o be_v constant_o plough_v and_o manure_v to_o a_o great_a richness_n bear_v more_o apple_n than_o four_o such_o tree_n in_o a_o orchard_n will_v do_v and_o it_o be_v constant_o see_v in_o barren_a hungry_a land_n tree_n thrive_v poor_o grow_v mossey_n or_o bark-bound_a bear_v very_o little_a and_o that_o a_o very_a poor_a fruit._n only_o walnut-tree_n and_o pear-tree_n do_v not_o necessary_o require_v a_o very_a rich_a ground_n and_o will_v prosper_v best_a on_o stony_a and_o light_a land_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o sect._n 7._o when_o your_o wall-tree_n be_v grow_v old_a and_o full_a of_o big_a wood_n you_o may_v in_o three_o or_o four_o year_n time_n renew_v they_o by_o cut_v out_o some_o of_o the_o big_a stem_n or_o bough_n yearly_a cut_v each_o branch_n off_o at_o some_o small_a twig_n if_o it_o may_v be_v that_o either_o it_o or_o a_o fresh_a branch_n may_v grow_v over_o the_o cut_a place_n which_o must_v be_v keep_v cover_v with_o clay_n and_o so_o go_v on_o yearly_o till_o all_o the_o big_a wood_n be_v cut_v out_o or_o if_o you_o dislike_v the_o kind_n of_o fruit_n you_o may_v inoculate_v or_o graff_n the_o bough_n with_o a_o better_a sort_n of_o fruit_n but_o not_o all_o in_o one_o year_n but_o some_o one_o and_o some_o another_o by_o either_o of_o these_o way_n you_o may_v renew_v a_o decay_a tree_n and_o keep_v your_o wall_n almost_o still_o furnish_v with_o less_o trouble_n and_o charge_n or_o loss_n of_o time_n than_o by_o take_v up_o the_o old_a one_o and_o plant_v a_o young_a one_o in_o its_o stead_n wall_n appropriate_v fruit_n to_o wall_n sect._n 8._o in_o furnish_v your_o wall_n with_o fruit-tree_n observe_v always_o to_o plant_v peach_n and_o nectarine_n up_o to_o the_o wall_n that_o be_v most_o southward_o the_o east_n wall_n be_v to_o be_v allot_v to_o apricock_n carly_a cherry_n and_o the_o choice_a plum_n the_o west_n may_v be_v set_v with_o pear_n cherry_n and_o plum_n some_o of_o the_o course_v pear_n and_o plum_n you_o may_v set_v to_o the_o north_n wall_n both_o to_o cover_v the_o wall_n handsome_o and_o many_o year_n they_o will_v bear_v as_o well_o on_o it_o as_o on_o standard_n especial_o if_o your_o wall_n stand_v not_o direct_o north_n but_o so_o as_o to_o have_v some_o considerable_a benefit_n of_o the_o sun_n nut-tree_n likewise_o be_v proper_a for_o this_o wall_n and_o will_v prosper_v well_o up_o to_o it_o if_o your_o conveniency_n will_v allow_v it_o and_o you_o be_v to_o build_v a_o new_a wall_n it_o be_v much_o better_a to_o have_v your_o garden_n wall_n not_o stand_v direct_o towards_o the_o four_o point_n than_o otherwise_o and_o then_o the_o worst_a wall_n will_v be_v much_o better_a and_o the_o best_a good_a enough_o for_o your_o purpose_n as_o thus_o the_o east-wall_n to_o incline_v to_o the_o south_n the_o south_n to_o the_o west_n the_o west_n to_o the_o north_n the_o north_n to_o the_o east_n or_o contrary_a but_o not_o so_o well_o in_o the_o first_o way_n the_o two_o first_o wall_n will_v be_v extraordinary_a good_a and_o the_o two_o late_a good_a enough_o for_o ordinary_a fruit._n wall_n make_v a_o wall_n sect._n 9_o in_o build_v a_o new_a wall_n it_o will_v be_v very_o advantageous_a to_o make_v it_o with_o half_a round_n each_o semicircle_n be_v eight_o yard_n round_o in_o the_o inside_n and_o about_o six_o yard_n in_o the_o face_n or_o diameter_n each_o take_n two_o tree_n and_o betwixt_o every_o half_a round_n let_v there_o be_v two_o foot_n breadth_n of_o plain_a wall_v where_o you_o may_v place_v a_o flowerpot_n on_o a_o pillar_n two_o soot_n high_a or_o plant_v a_o vine_n to_o run_v up_o it_o which_o every_o summer_n you_o may_v let_v spread_v itself_o a_o little_a into_o the_o half_a round_n on_o each_o side_n it_o i_o know_v a_o honourable_a gentleman_n in_o somewhat_o a_o cold_a country_n that_o have_v his_o garden_n wall_n so_o make_v and_o his_o
you_o intend_v to_o cut_v they_o off_o at_o for_o about_o a_o foot_n in_o length_n fasten_v about_o they_o some_o earth_n in_o a_o old_a hat_n or_o boot_n or_o bag_n make_v of_o some_o strong_a cloth_n and_o in_o that_o earth_n they_o will_v have_v put_v forth_o root_n against_o the_o october_n follow_v when_o you_o be_v to_o cut_v they_o off_o to_o set_v they_o or_o which_o be_v a_o quick_a and_o ready_a way_n you_o may_v dawb_v some_o wet_a earth_n or_o clay_n about_o the_o place_n and_o wrap_v a_o hay-band_n about_o it_o put_v some_o moist_a earth_n likewise_o betwixt_o the_o round_n of_o the_o band_n and_o then_o run_v it_o about_o again_o over_o the_o space_n betwixt_o those_o first_o round_n of_o the_o hay-band_n and_o make_v fast_o the_o end_n of_o it_o if_o the_o stem_n have_v no_o burr_n before_o you_o go_v either_o of_o these_o way_n to_o work_v than_o first_o take_v off_o here_o and_o there_o a_o little_a slice_n of_o bark_n about_o a_o inch_n long_o round_o about_o it_o near_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o place_n to_o be_v cover_v as_o have_v be_v direct_v some_o direct_a that_o before_o this_o application_n of_o the_o earth_n about_o a_o inch_n breadth_n of_o the_o bark_n be_v take_v off_o round_o about_o the_o part_n of_o the_o branch_n that_o be_v to_o be_v surround_v with_o the_o earth_n that_o root_n may_v shoot_v out_o in_o great_a quantity_n by_o come_v out_o in_o the_o upper_a skirt_n of_o that_o circle_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o low_a but_o this_o be_v but_o a_o crotchet_n and_o ground_v as_o my_o lord_n bacon_n have_v true_o observe_v upon_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o descension_n of_o the_o sap_n whereas_o indeed_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n for_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o sap_n be_v always_o afcend_v in_o lesser_a quantity_n in_o the_o winter_n because_o the_o tree_n be_v then_o only_o to_o be_v nourish_v and_o keep_v alive_a to_o which_o end_n a_o small_a supply_n be_v sufficient_a and_o yet_o necessary_a and_o in_o great_a plenty_n in_o the_o summer_n to_o furnish_v the_o tree_n with_o leaf_n fruit_n and_o new_a yearly_a growth_n and_o the_o true_a reason_n why_o the_o leaf_n and_o fruit_n fall_v off_o towards_o winter_n be_v not_o because_o the_o sap_n return_v downward_o from_o they_o but_o because_o they_o have_v arrive_v to_o their_o full_a ripeness_n and_o the_o tree_n fail_v by_o degree_n to_o convey_v up_o so_o much_o sap_n as_o it_o do_v in_o the_o summer_n to_o they_o to_o produce_v fresh_a one_o and_o therefore_o consequent_o that_o be_v a_o idle_a mistake_n too_o to_o think_v that_o the_o sap_n or_o juice_n in_o the_o winter_n be_v lay_v up_o in_o the_o root_n as_o a_o repository_n as_o appear_v plain_o inasmuch_o as_o they_o be_v ever_o find_v dryer_n in_o the_o winter_n than_o in_o the_o summer_n so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a this_o take_v the_o bark_n off_o round_o the_o branch_n be_v good_a for_o nothing_o but_o to_o endanger_v it_o by_o intercept_n the_o juice_n or_o sap_n which_o rife_n in_o great_a quantity_n betwixt_o the_o bark_n and_o the_o wood_n but_o if_o as_o before_o be_v hint_v you_o take_v some_o little_a slice_n of_o the_o bark_n off_o round_o the_o branch_n here_o and_o there_o leave_v the_o bark_n entire_a in_o some_o place_n this_o may_v by_o check_v the_o sap_n cause_v it_o the_o more_o abundant_o to_o pass_v into_o root_n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o the_o business_n in_o hand_n you_o have_v see_v the_o way_n of_o prepare_v cut_v by_o circumposetion_n and_o though_o some_o will_v pretend_v to_o raise_v tree_n of_o any_o kind_n by_o the_o use_n of_o it_o yet_o it_o be_v certain_a it_o avail_v not_o but_o only_o in_o such_o as_o by_o a_o peculiar_a property_n be_v apt_a to_o put_v forth_o root_n be_v cut_v off_o and_o set_v into_o the_o ground_n and_o those_o general_o know_v and_o make_v use_v of_o this_o way_n be_v the_o kentish_a coddle_v the_o genneâ—-moil_n some_o sort_n of_o sweet-apple_n and_o bitter-sweets_a the_o quince-tree_n the_o mulberry-tree_n and_o the_o paradise-apple-tree_n which_o last_o be_v much_o commend_v by_o the_o skilful_a mr._n rea_n for_o to_o raise_v stock_n for_o dwarf-apple-tree_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o sect._n 6._o another_o way_n to_o raise_v stock_n for_o dwarf-tree_n be_v to_o cut_v down_o some_o one_o tree_n of_o little_a worth_n of_o such_o a_o kind_a as_o you_o want_v stock_n of_o about_o a_o foot_n or_o more_o from_o the_o ground_n this_o will_v make_v some_o kind_n of_o tree_n very_o apt_a to_o cast_v forth_o very_o good_a sucker_n from_o the_o old_a root_n such_o as_o at_o two_o year_n growth_n may_v be_v transplant_v and_o the_o stump_n above_o ground_n will_v also_o put_v forth_o abundance_n of_o young_a shoot_v after_o these_o young_a shoot_n have_v grow_v out_o of_o the_o stump_n one_o year_n cast_v mold_n or_o earth_n about_o they_o a_o good_a height_n so_o that_o you_o cover_v not_o the_o top_n of_o any_o of_o they_o where_o let_v they_o grow_v two_o year_n more_o and_o they_o will_v be_v well_o root_v then_o cut_v they_o off_o from_o the_o old_a stock_n which_o after_o that_o may_v yield_v fresh_a one_o again_o and_o set_v the_o shoot_v you_o take_v off_o as_o before_o have_v be_v direct_v about_o cut_n these_o will_v be_v about_o three_o year_n long_o before_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o graff_n than_o cut_n but_o will_v be_v very_o good_a young_a fresh_a stock_n and_o be_v a_o good_a way_n to_o raise_v stock_n of_o the_o quince-tree_n for_o pear_n because_o quince-tree_n general_o grow_v so_o crooked_a and_o irregular_a that_o it_o be_v difficult_a to_o procure_v any_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o they_o by_o cut_n if_o they_o shoot_v up_o tall_a after_o they_o be_v mould_v you_o have_v best_o top_v they_o at_o a_o convenient_a height_n it_o will_v make_v they_o grow_v the_o more_o in_o bigness_n and_o so_o be_v soon_o sit_v to_o graff_n but_o if_o you_o have_v a_o desire_n to_o have_v any_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n as_o the_o old_a tree_n be_v you_o need_v not_o top_v they_o and_o by_o this_o mean_n if_o you_o want_v quince-tree_n codling_n etc._n etc._n you_o may_v be_v furnish_v with_o plenty_n that_o will_v make_v better_a and_o handsome_a tree_n than_o if_o you_o raise_v they_o by_o cut_n sucker_n by_o sucker_n sect._n 7._o you_o may_v also_o raise_v stock_n for_o dwarf-pear-tree_n from_o sucker_n of_o old_a pear-tree_n if_o you_o can_v convenient_o get_v enough_o of_o the_o quince-tree_n for_o many_o pear_n tree_n cast_v they_o natural_o which_o be_v preserve_v from_o cattle_n may_v be_v take_v up_o and_o set_v in_o bed_n of_o earth_n as_o you_o do_v the_o seedling_n if_o your_o pear-tree_n yield_v not_o sucker_n of_o themselves_o you_o need_v only_o cut_v off_o the_o top_n of_o some_o old_a ill_a pear-tree_n and_o graff_n it_o with_o a_o better_a fruit_n if_o you_o please_v and_o the_o root_n will_v cast_v forth_o sucker_n plentiful_o and_o you_o may_v help_v they_o by_o make_v a_o small_a ditch_n or_o gutter_n so_o as_o to_o bare_a some_o of_o the_o root_n about_o two_o yard_n distant_a from_o the_o tree_n or_o pare_v off_o the_o grass_n if_o any_o grow_v about_o the_o tree_n that_o they_o may_v have_v the_o more_o liberty_n to_o spring_v up_o or_o in_o this_o case_n you_o may_v bare_v the_o root_n and_o then_o give_v a_o cut_n across_o some_o root_n almost_o to_o the_o heart_n and_o from_o the_o cross_n cut_v cleave_v the_o root_n raise_v up_o the_o loose_a part_n and_o put_v in_o a_o little_a stone_n to_o keep_v it_o open_v cover_v it_o three_o inch_n over_o with_o mould_n let_v this_o be_v do_v if_o you_o can_v where_o you_o find_v a_o bud_n or_o eye_n on_o the_o root_n for_o the_o sucker_n to_o shoot_v out_o at_o and_o either_o inoculate_v the_o young_a shoot_n in_o the_o place_n where_o it_o stand_v or_o remove_v it_o to_o some_o other_o place_n after_o a_o year_n growth_n and_o when_o you_o do_v cut_v off_o with_o it_o about_o a_o foot_n of_o the_o old_a root_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v you_o may_v have_v sucker_n from_o some_o other_o tree_n that_o do_v not_o natural_o yield_v they_o plum_n for_o cherry_n and_o plum_n sect._n 8._o to_o have_v stock_n for_o dwarf-cherry_n and_o plum_n or_o for_o such_o tree_n for_o a_o wall_n the_o speedy_a way_n and_o such_o as_o will_v succeed_v for_o that_o purpose_n be_v by_o sucker_n of_o the_o common_a red-cherry_n and_o any_o ordinary_a plum-tree_n both_o which_o cast_v up_o sucker_n plentiful_o if_o the_o sucker_n grow_v in_o a_o place_n that_o be_v secure_a from_o harm_n you_o may_v inoculate_v or_o graff_n they_o before_o removal_n under_o their_o mother_n plant_n and_o let_v they_o grow_v there_o one_o year_n after_o and_o hereby_o you_o will_v gain_v
of_o the_o ground_n again_o not_o above_o one_o or_o two_o bud_n you_o may_v chance_v to_o have_v sucker_n of_o a_o old_a vine_n which_o will_v be_v sure_a to_o grow_v sucker_n sucker_n or_o you_o may_v take_v cut_n of_o vine_n branch_n of_o that_o year_n growth_n cut_n cut_n and_o set_v they_o in_o good_a warm_a loose_a land_n and_o many_o will_v grow_v if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o place_n you_o intend_v they_o shall_v always_o stand_v in_o next_o year_n lie_v down_o a_o part_n of_o that_o which_o have_v grow_v out_o to_o root_v also_o or_o else_o upon_o removal_n lay_v in_o the_o new_a growth_n all_o but_o a_o bud_n or_o two_o with_o that_o part_n which_o be_v already_o root_v if_o it_o have_v make_v but_o small_a growth_n the_o first_o year_n lay_v part_n of_o the_o second_o year_n growth_n in_o the_o ground_n it_o will_v more_o advantage_v they_o by_o help_v they_o to_o good_a root_n than_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o year_n or_o two_o growth_n in_o the_o top_n will_v amount_v to_o vine_n cure_v a_o old_a vine_n if_o you_o have_v a_o old_a vine_n that_o bear_v not_o well_o lay_v down_o in_o february_n or_o march_v some_o of_o the_o strong_a branch_n of_o the_o forego_n year_n that_o grow_v low_a in_o the_o mould_n under_o the_o old_a tree_n without_o cut_v they_o off_o leave_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n a_o bud_n or_o two_o to_o grow_v and_o your_o wall_n will_v quick_o be_v furnish_v with_o new_a and_o fresh_a branch_n so_o that_o by_o degree_n you_o may_v cut_v off_o many_o of_o the_o old_a branch_n of_o the_o vine_n for_o though_o one_o vine_n may_v cover_v abundance_n of_o wall_v yet_o three_o or_o four_o root_n in_o that_o compass_n will_v strengthen_v it_o the_o more_o to_o bear_v prune_v of_o prune_v sect._n 3_o as_o vine_n stand_v in_o more_o need_n of_o prune_v than_o other_o fruit-tree_n so_o great_a care_n be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o the_o perform_n of_o it_o when_o you_o have_v set_v your_o vine_n as_o you_o have_v be_v before_o direct_v so_o that_o not_o above_o two_o bud_n of_o it_o remain_v above_o ground_n you_o be_v to_o nail_v up_o such_o branch_n as_o grow_v forth_o up_o to_o the_o wall_n till_o it_o have_v overspread_v as_o much_o wall_n as_o you_o design_n for_o it_o suffer_v not_o above_o two_o branch_n to_o grow_v from_o the_o ground_n and_o snip_v yearly_o the_o top_n of_o the_o branch_n a_o considerable_a length_n as_o far_o as_o they_o be_v weak_a and_o tender_a and_o also_o all_o small_a poor_a one_o close_o to_o the_o body_n unless_o the_o well_o like_v branch_n be_v but_o few_o and_o then_o you_o may_v leave_v the_o low_a bud_n of_o some_o of_o they_o to_o grow_v forth_o next_o year_n and_o this_o you_o be_v to_o do_v towards_o the_o end_n of_o february_n or_o beginning_n of_o march_n yearly_o when_o your_o vine_n come_v to_o bear_v you_o be_v to_o use_v your_o knife_n about_o it_o three_o time_n in_o the_o year_n 1._o time_n time_n in_o february_n or_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n you_o be_v to_o prune_v off_o part_n of_o the_o forego_n year_n shoot_v where_o they_o be_v too_o thick_a close_o to_o the_o old_a wood_n as_o it_o enrich_v your_o vine_n to_o keep_v it_o thin_a of_o branch_n so_o you_o must_v take_v care_v it_o be_v well_o store_v with_o bud_n against_o the_o spring_n follow_v for_o it_o bear_v grape_n only_o on_o the_o new_a shoot_v of_o every_o year_n and_o in_o cut_v off_o these_o branch_n you_o must_v take_v care_n your_o wall_n continue_v furnish_v with_o such_o branch_n as_o may_v be_v spread_v upon_o the_o wall_n regular_o and_o decent_o not_o thick_a in_o one_o place_n and_o thin_a in_o another_o nor_o cross_v one_o another_o 2._o the_o next_o time_n to_o take_v off_o superfluity_n from_o your_o vine_n be_v about_o midsummer_n when_o the_o grape_n be_v knit_v clip_v off_o then_o the_o end_n of_o the_o branch_n that_o have_v grape_n on_o they_o a_o little_a above_o the_o grape_n that_o they_o may_v have_v the_o more_o nourishment_n and_o keep_v they_o nail_v to_o the_o wall_n as_o also_o barren_a branch_n where_o the_o wall_n need_v they_o 3._o the_o last_o time_n of_o cut_v be_v in_o august_n for_o then_o because_o leaf_n and_o branch_n may_v be_v so_o thick_a as_o to_o keep_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o grape_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o ripen_v they_o you_o may_v pluck_v off_o some_o of_o the_o leaf_n and_o cut_v off_o some_o of_o the_o branch_n to_o open_a way_n for_o the_o sun_n to_o come_v to_o they_o there_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o prune_n these_o peculiar_a to_o it_o place_n place_n that_o whereas_o other_o be_v cut_v at_o a_o bud_n the_o branch_n of_o these_o must_v be_v cut_v off_o near_o the_o midst_n betwixt_o two_o bud_n and_o that_o not_o late_a in_o the_o year_n than_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n for_o afterward_o the_o sap_n or_o juice_n will_v run_v out_o and_o the_o vine_n will_v be_v much_o weaken_v by_o bleed_a bleed_v bleed_v you_o will_v by_o that_o time_n also_o see_v what_o the_o frost_n of_o the_o winter_n forego_v have_v kill_v which_o must_v be_v take_v all_o away_o if_o frost_n come_v before_o any_o grape_n be_v ripe_a frost_n frost_n defend_v they_o in_o the_o night_n time_n with_o tilâ—s_n or_o mat_n sect._n 4._o vineyard_n vineyard_n it_o be_v scarce_o worth_a while_n to_o have_v a_o vineyard_n here_o in_o england_n there_o have_v begn_n many_o and_o now_o so_o few_o afford_v a_o strong_a argument_n to_o prove_v that_o attempt_n of_o that_o kind_n never_o turn_v to_o account_v the_o usage_n of_o the_o people_n in_o such_o case_n be_v of_o no_o small_a authority_n it_o be_v possible_a that_o person_n that_o have_v very_o warm_a ground_n well_o situate_v with_o care_n and_o industry_n may_v some_o year_n have_v good_a grape_n without_o the_o benefit_n of_o a_o wall_n i_o have_v see_v not_o far_o from_o bristol_n in_o a_o year_n that_o be_v very_o favourable_a to_o they_o grape_n ripen_v well_o without_o such_o help_n sect._n 5._o figtree_n figtree_n figtree_n ought_v to_o be_v plant_v in_o a_o very_a warm_a place_n against_o a_o wall_n defend_v from_o the_o north_n and_o north-east_n wind_n every_o old_a tree_n will_v yield_v plenty_n of_o sucker_n fit_a to_o raise_v new_a one_o sect._n 6._o quince-tree_n quince-tree_n you_o have_v see_v the_o way_n of_o raise_v quince-tree_n in_o the_o chapter_n of_o dwarf_n i_o shall_v here_o only_o add_v that_o if_o you_o have_v a_o part_n of_o a_o tree_n that_o grow_v so_o low_a that_o you_o can_v bring_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n either_o by_o plash_v or_o otherwise_o you_o may_v do_v it_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o winter_n and_o cover_v it_o all_o with_o earth_n but_o the_o end_n of_o the_o branch_n and_o let_v it_o continue_v so_o one_o year_n and_o then_o uncover_v it_o and_o every_o twig_n will_v have_v put_v forth_o root_n in_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v cut_v off_o and_o transplant_v will_v make_v you_o a_o tree_n and_o this_o be_v the_o way_n of_o propagate_a of_o fruit-tree_n by_o layer_n layer_n layer_n and_o you_o may_v here_o take_v notice_n that_o all_o such_o tree_n that_o may_v be_v propagate_v by_o cut_n may_v be_v raise_v likewise_o by_o layer_n and_o this_o way_n take_v more_o sure_a than_o by_o cut_n quince-tree_n delight_v in_o a_o moist_a rich_a land_n soil_n soil_n near_o some_o gutter_n that_o carry_v away_o the_o soak_v or_o wash_v of_o a_o dunghill_n or_o house_n be_v a_o place_n usual_o choose_v for_o they_o and_o be_v such_o as_o they_o like_v very_o well_o in_o sect._n 7._o medlar-tree_n medlar-tree_n medlar_n be_v raise_v by_o graft_n on_o the_o pear-tree_n crabtree_n white-thorn_n or_o service-tree_n the_o last_o be_v the_o best_a and_o the_o white-thorn_n by_o much_o the_o worst_a you_o may_v get_v plant_n of_o service_n out_o of_o wood_n service-tree_n service-tree_n where_o they_o grow_v wild_a from_o which_o you_o may_v raise_v service-tree_n or_o stock_n for_o medlar_n or_o if_o you_o can_v get_v none_o such_o graft_v the_o service_n on_o the_o wickey-berry-tree_n or_o the_o white-thorn_n sect._n 8._o wallnut-tree_n wallnut-tree_n wallnut-tree_n be_v much_o plant_v of_o late_a and_o be_v very_o proper_a for_o walk_n in_o ground_n and_o a_o good_a fence_n to_o shelter_v building_n and_o orchard_n the_o fruit_n be_v useful_a and_o very_o profitable_a if_o you_o can_v spare_v any_o to_o sell_v or_o for_o oil_n for_o painter_n if_o the_o market_n shall_v be_v glut_v with_o they_o and_o the_o timber_n so_o excellent_a for_o table_n chair_n and_o stool_n stook_v of_o gun_n etc._n etc._n that_o it_o go_v off_o well_o and_o take_v a_o good_a price_n raise_v way_n of_o raise_v they_o be_v raise_v by_o nut_n
cyen_n that_o be_v graff_v etc._n etc._n must_v have_v some_o agreement_n in_o nature_n with_o the_o stock_n sect._n 5._o stock_n may_v contribute_v something_o to_o the_o better_n of_o the_o fruit._n sect._n 6._o that_o crab-kernel_n yield_v best_a stock_n for_o orchard_n and_o field_n yet_o apple-kernel_n be_v of_o special_a use_n sect._n 7._o a_o discourse_n of_o the_o sympathy_n betwixt_o the_o pith_n of_o a_o tree_n and_o the_o kernel_n of_o its_o fruit_n chap._n iii_o of_o transplant_n the_o seedling_n sect._n 1_o of_o what_o growth_n the_o seedling_n must_v be_v before_o they_o be_v remove_v into_o the_o nursery_n and_o how_o the_o soil_n for_o these_o must_v be_v order_v sect._n 2._o in_o what_o order_n and_o manner_n they_o be_v to_o be_v set_v at_o this_o removal_n and_o how_o to_o be_v order_v sect._n 3_o some_o difference_n to_o be_v observe_v about_o stock_n to_o be_v set_v in_o field_n and_o how_o all_o those_o young_a stock_n be_v to_o be_v dress_v up_o chap._n iu._n of_o inoculate_v sect._n 1_o the_o way_n of_o inoculate_v describe_v sect._n 2._o of_o the_o different_a way_n of_o inoculate_v chap._n v._o observation_n concern_v inoculate_v sect._n 1_o several_a necessary_a thing_n to_o be_v observe_v about_o inoculate_v sect._n 2._o how_o high_a above_o ground_n the_o stock_n be_v to_o be_v inoculate_v sect._n 3_o of_o bud_n that_o be_v to_o be_v inoculate_v and_o when_o inoculation_n be_v to_o be_v use_v rather_o than_o graft_n sect._n 4._o reasins_z why_o inoculate_v be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o graft_n where_o it_o may_v be_v use_v sect._n 5._o what_o time_n of_o the_o day_n be_v best_a for_o inoculate_v chap._n vi_o of_o the_o several_a way_n of_o graft_n sect._n 1_o of_o slice_v or_o pack_v sect._n 2._o of_o graft_n in_o the_o bark_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o these_o two_o be_v the_o best_a way_n of_o graft_n sect._n 3_o of_o whip-graffing_a sect._n 4._o of_o side-graffing_a sect._n 5._o of_o graft_n in_o the_o cleft_n sect._n 6._o of_o graft_n by_o approach_n chap._n vii_o observation_n concern_v graft_n sect._n 1_o what_o bigness_n stock_n be_v to_o be_v of_o at_o graft_n sect._n 2._o about_o the_o choice_n of_o cyens_n or_o graff_n sect._n 3_o of_o the_o time_n of_o graft_n sect._n 4._o of_o cut_v of_o graff_n and_o order_v they_o before_o graft_n sect._n 5._o about_o the_o joint_n in_o a_o graff_n or_o cyen_n and_o how_o high_a stock_n be_v to_o be_v graff_v above_o ground_n sect._n 6._o what_o course_n may_v be_v take_v to_o know_v ready_o of_o what_o kind_n every_o tree_n be_v chap._n viii_o of_o plant_v wall-fruit_n sect._n 1_o the_o best_a time_n to_o remove_v young_a tree_n after_o graft_n and_o inoculate_v sect._n 2._o of_o prepare_v the_o ground_n for_o wall-fruit_n and_o what_o distance_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o set_v such_o tree_n sect._n 3_o how_o to_o temper_v the_o soil_n for_o they_o and_o to_o settle_v their_o root_n in_o the_o hole_n they_o be_v to_o be_v set_v in_o sect._n 4._o how_o to_o order_v a_o tree_n in_o spread_v it_o upon_o a_o wall_n sect._n 5._o the_o root_n be_v sometime_o to_o be_v bare_v and_o the_o soil_n about_o they_o recruit_v sect._n 6._o how_o the_o soil_n for_o these_o or_o other_o tree_n be_v to_o be_v amend_v sect._n 7._o how_o to_o renew_v old_a tree_n sect._n 8._o direction_n what_o wall_n be_v proper_a for_o each_o kind_n of_o fruit._n sect._n 9_o instruction_n about_o make_v the_o wall_n chap._n ix_o concern_v dwarf-tree_n sect._n 1_o the_o advantage_n of_o dwarf-tree_n sect._n 2._o stock_n for_o dwarf-pear-tree_n sect._n 3_o what_o stock_n be_v best_a for_o dwarf-apple-tree_n sect._n 4._o what_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o get_v and_o order_v cut_n that_o be_v to_o be_v set_v for_o stock_n sect._n 5._o how_o they_o may_v be_v help_v to_o root_n by_o circumposition_n sect._n 6._o other_o way_n to_o raise_v stock_n for_o dwarf-tree_n sect._n 7._o of_o raise_v they_o of_o sucker_n sect._n 8._o how_o to_o raise_v stock_n for_o cherry_n and_o plum_n sect._n 9_o how_o to_o order_v the_o head_n of_o dwarf-tree_n sect._n 10._o codling-hedge_n and_o tree_n may_v be_v raise_v from_o the_o cut_n only_o of_o such_o tree_n who_o cut_n will_v grow_v sect._n 10._o codling_n and_o moil_n may_v be_v graff_v on_o crabstocks_n chap._n x._o of_o plant_v a_o orchard_n sect._n 1_o how_o to_o choose_v ground_n for_o a_o orchard_n sect._n 2._o direction_n how_v to_o qualify_v that_o ground_n when_o it_o be_v not_o of_o itself_o as_o divers_a way_n it_o may_v not_o be_v fit_a for_o plant_v sect._n 3_o how_o a_o uneven_a ground_n be_v to_o be_v order_v in_o plant_v sect._n 4._o the_o time_n and_o manner_n of_o order_v tree_n in_o plant_v a_o orchard_n sect._n 5._o how_o long_o they_o may_v remain_v in_o the_o nursery_n after_o graft_n before_o they_o be_v transplant_v sect._n 6._o of_o the_o distance_n these_o tree_n ought_v to_o be_v set_v at_o one_o from_o another_o sect._n 7._o whether_o old_a tree_n or_o young_a be_v fit_a to_o be_v transplant_v and_o how_o to_o order_v old_a one_o at_o such_o a_o time_n sect._n 8._o what_o order_n these_o tree_n be_v to_o be_v set_v in_o sect._n 9_o concern_v the_o fence_n for_o a_o orchard_n sect._n 10._o concern_v prune_v of_o orchard-tree_n sect._n 11._o the_o soil_n about_o their_o root_n must_v ever_o after_o be_v keep_v in_o good_a heart_n chap._n xi_o of_o plant_v in_o field_n sect._n 1_o exception_n against_o plant_v in_o field_n answer_v sect._n 2._o reason_n to_o show_v its_o profitable_a to_o plant_v pear-tree_n in_o field_n sect._n 3_o seven_o way_n the_o first_o by_o plant_v in_o whole_a field_n sect._n 4._o a_o second_o way_n of_o plant_v in_o field_n where_o a_o account_n be_v give_v how_o such_o tree_n may_v best_o be_v fence_v sect._n 5._o the_o three_o by_o do_v it_o near_o hedge_n sect._n 5._o the_o advantage_n sect._n 5._o the_o distance_n sect._n 5._o where_o not_o good_a sect._n 6._o the_o four_o in_o hedge_n sect._n 7._o the_o five_o by_o cut_n sect._n 7._o of_o choice_n and_o order_v they_o for_o that_o purpose_n sect._n 8._o the_o six_o by_o long_a crab-stock_n sect._n 8._o advantage_n sect._n 8._o disadvantage_n sect._n 9_o the_o seven_o by_o graft_n old_a crabtree_n sect._n 9_o direction_n therein_o sect._n 9_o of_o do_v it_o in_o the_o cleft_n or_o bark_n with_o some_o difference_n from_o graft_n small_a stock_n in_o the_o bark_n sect._n 9_o direction_n to_o prevent_v the_o break_n out_o of_o the_o cyens_n sect._n 9_o and_o for_o prune_v the_o body_n chap._n xii_o of_o the_o annoyance_n about_o fruit-tree_n sect._n 1_o to_o prevent_v moss_n and_o canker_n etc._n etc._n sect._n 2._o to_o preserve_v tree_n from_o hare_n or_o rabbit_n sect._n 3_o against_o aunt_n or_o pismire_n sect._n 4._o of_o mole_n water-rat_n snake_n and_o emmet_n or_o asker_n sect._n 5._o to_o prevent_v blast_v cuterpiller_n snail_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xiii_o some_o particular_n about_o raise_v some_o kind_n of_o fruit-tree_n sect._n 1_o direction_n about_o plant_v vine_n sect._n 2._o of_o the_o soil_n and_o manner_n of_o propagate_a they_o and_o renew_v old_a vine_n sect._n 3_o of_o prune_v they_o sect._n 4._o concern_v vineyard_n sect._n 5._o of_o plant_v figtree_n sect._n 6._o of_o raise_v quince-tree_n sect._n 7._o of_o propagate_a the_o medlar_n and_o service-tree_n sect._n 8._o of_o walnut-tree_n sect._n 9_o of_o raise_v goosberry_n currant_n barberry_n and_o raspberry_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o fruit_n sect._n 1_o that_o it_o be_v convenient_a to_o have_v variety_n of_o fruit._n sect._n 2._o of_o several_a sort_n of_o peach_n sect._n 3_o of_o nectarine_n sect._n 4._o of_o apricock_n sect._n 5._o of_o plum_n sect._n 6._o of_o cherry_n sect._n 7._o of_o grape_n sect._n 8._o of_o pear_n sect._n 9_o of_o apple_n sect._n 10._o of_o quince_n sect._n 11._o of_o walnut_n chestnut_n filbeard_n etc._n etc._n sect._n 12._o of_o fig_n medlar_n and_o service_n sect._n 13._o of_o mulberry_n goosberry_n currant_n raspberry_n and_o barberry_n chap._n xv._o of_o gather_v fruit_n and_o make_v several_a sort_n of_o liquor_n sect._n 1_o of_o gather_v fruit_n and_o order_v they_o in_o keep_v sect._n 2._o of_o a_o ladder_n sect._n 3_o of_o a_o mill._n sect._n 4._o of_o cider_n sect._n 5._o of_o perry_n sect._n 6._o of_o rasberry_n wine_n sect._n 7._o of_o curran_n wine_n sect._n 8._o of_o goosberry_n wine_n sect._n 9_o another_o way_n to_o make_v any_o of_o the_o three_o last_o sort_n of_o wine_n and_o cherry_n sect._n 10._o cherry_n and_o goosberry_n brandy_n sect._n 10._o the_o conclusion_n the_o introduction_n have_v undertake_v in_o this_o book_n to_o publish_v all_o necessary_a direction_n concern_v plant_v the_o first_o step_n
and_o often_o not_o till_o april_n because_o this_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o best_a way_n of_o graft_n they_o but_o if_o you_o will_v graff_n any_o apple_n in_o the_o cleave_a you_o may_v do_v it_o a_o little_a soon_o perhaps_o you_o may_v not_o have_v several_a sort_n of_o plum_n cherry_n or_o pear_n so_o near_o you_o as_o that_o you_o may_v get_v bud_n fresh_a enough_o for_o inoculation_n in_o this_o case_n you_o may_v procure_v cyens_n and_o graff_n they_o and_o they_o will_v continue_v fresh_a though_o you_o shall_v send_v for_o they_o from_o beyond_o sea_n order_v cut_v and_o order_v sect._n 4._o these_o cyens_n may_v be_v keep_v three_o week_n or_o a_o month_n after_o they_o be_v cut_v before_o they_o be_v use_v and_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o fortnight_n or_o three_o week_n betwixt_o the_o time_n of_o their_o be_v cut_v and_o of_o their_o be_v graff_v that_o the_o stock_n in_o that_o time_n may_v be_v more_o replenish_v with_o sap_n and_o the_o cyen_n be_v more_o empty_a of_o it_o to_o keep_v your_o cyens_n or_o graff_n after_o they_o be_v cut_v you_o need_v not_o as_o some_o direct_a bury_v they_o in_o moist_a mould_n for_o this_o may_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o make_v they_o swell_v and_o bud_v forth_o by_o receive_v moisture_n from_o the_o earth_n and_o then_o when_o by_o graft_n they_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o cold_a open_a air_n they_o will_v be_v in_o danger_n to_o wither_v and_o die_v before_o they_o have_v nourishment_n from_o the_o stock_n you_o may_v lay_v they_o in_o a_o dry_a house_n so_o it_o be_v near_o no_o heat_n or_o under_o a_o old_a tree_n or_o hedge_n and_o cover_v they_o all_o over_o with_o dry_a mould_n that_o the_o air_n may_v not_o have_v too_o much_o influence_n upon_o they_o though_o they_o seem_v somewhat_o dry_a yet_o if_o they_o cut_v with_o a_o fresh_a colour_n and_o be_v not_o much_o wither_v they_o will_v not_o grow_v the_o worse_a but_o rather_o the_o better_a yea_o some_o that_o have_v seem_v wither_v be_v carry_v in_o a_o cloak-bag_n seventy_o or_o eighty_o mile_n have_v grow_v well_o suffer_v not_o the_o bud_n to_o be_v hurt_v or_o rub_v in_o the_o bind_n or_o carriage_n graft_n of_o joint_n and_o height_n of_o graft_n sect._n 5._o there_o be_v some_o indifferent_a whether_o they_o graff_n at_o a_o joint_n or_o no_o but_o forecast_n to_o have_v a_o bud_n direct_o behind_o the_o shoulder_n of_o the_o cyen_n if_o cyens_n with_o joint_n be_v scarce_o you_o may_v practice_v so_o on_o small_a stock_n that_o will_v be_v speedy_o cover_v but_o if_o cyens_n can_v be_v have_v with_o joint_n never_o graff_n with_o other_o for_o these_o will_v cover_v the_o stock_n soon_o it_o will_v do_v well_o in_o graft_n stock_n for_o large_a standard_n to_o put_v but_o one_o cyen_v into_o a_o stock_n and_o if_o it_o put_v forth_o several_a shoot_v to_o cut_v off_o all_o but_o one_o that_o be_v the_o straight_a and_o strong_a but_o for_o dwarf_n and_o wall-fruit_n put_v in_o two_o cyens_n if_o the_o stock_n be_v big_a enough_o let_v the_o late_a be_v graff_v near_o the_o ground_n the_o former_a at_o such_o height_n as_o the_o stock_n will_v allow_v tâ—ees_n mark_v tâ—ees_n sect._n 6._o in_o graft_n or_o inoculate_v it_o may_v be_v necessary_a to_o have_v some_o mark_n to_o know_v what_o kind_n of_o fruit_n be_v put_v upon_o each_o stock_n if_o you_o graff_n many_o of_o one_o kind_n as_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o cyder-fruit_n you_o may_v observe_v to_o make_v every_o row_n to_o consist_v but_o of_o one_o kind_n and_o it_o be_v but_o enter_v in_o a_o book_n that_o such_o a_o row_n have_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o fruit_n in_o it_o and_o no_o other_o but_o where_o there_o be_v several_a in_o one_o row_n there_o may_v be_v a_o stake_n knock_v into_o the_o ground_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o every_o new_a sort_n and_o so_o enter_v in_o your_o book_n and_o where_o you_o have_v very_o few_o of_o a_o kind_n or_o for_o your_o whole_a nursery_n if_o you_o please_v you_o may_v make_v mark_n of_o several_a figure_n or_o shape_n in_o the_o bark_n of_o the_o stock_n which_o mark_n enter_v into_o your_o book_n and_o what_o kind_n it_o denote_v and_o at_o two_o or_o three_o year_n when_o you_o remove_v it_o the_o mark_n will_v be_v very_o visible_a and_o by_o renew_v the_o mark_n sometime_o you_o may_v continue_v it_o as_o long_o as_o you_o please_v and_o if_o any_o tree_n be_v steal_v you_o may_v own_v it_o by_o the_o mark_n chap._n viii_o of_o plant_v wall-fruit_n sect_n 1._o time_n time_n stone-fruit_n will_v be_v first_o ready_a to_o remove_v for_o after_o two_o year_n growth_n in_o the_o seed-plot_n or_o nursery_n after_o they_o be_v inoculate_v or_o graff_v you_o may_v well_o remove_v they_o be_v they_o for_o wall_n or_o dwarf_n which_o you_o ought_v to_o do_v in_o october_n or_o november_n early_o remove_v be_v advantageous_a for_o all_o fruit-tree_n both_o for_o the_o security_n of_o their_o grow_a and_o for_o their_o well_o grow_v young_a tree_n have_v be_v take_v up_o about_o november_n and_o the_o end_n of_o the_o root_n cut_v off_o and_o lay_v in_o the_o earth_n till_o march_v to_o be_v plant_v be_v then_o take_v forth_o again_o it_o have_v appear_v that_o they_o have_v put_v out_o many_o fibrous_a root_n at_o the_o end_n of_o those_o big_a root_n that_o be_v cut_v off_o which_o have_v they_o do_v in_o the_o place_n they_o be_v to_o grow_v in_o the_o next_o summer_n this_o will_v have_v be_v a_o good_a preparation_n against_o spring_n and_o it_o be_v always_o see_v that_o tree_n set_v in_o february_n or_o march_n make_v general_o a_o much_o less_o growth_n the_o next_o year_n than_o those_o that_o be_v set_v before_o winter_n if_o a_o dry_a summer_n happen_v to_o succeed_v it_o often_o kill_v some_o of_o the_o late_o set_v tree_n and_o put_v such_o a_o stop_n to_o other_o that_o they_o recover_v not_o of_o many_o year_n in_o sharp_a frost_n though_o you_o can_v dig_v it_o be_v not_o good_a to_o remove_v tree_n distance_n prepare_v ground_n and_o distance_n sect._n 2._o make_v a_o trench_n by_o the_o wall-side_n you_o be_v to_o set_v they_o up_o to_o about_o two_o foot_n broad_a and_o as_o deep_a and_o in_o every_o place_n where_o a_o tree_n be_v to_o be_v set_v about_o a_o yard_n square_a mingle_v good_a old_a rot_a neats-dung_n with_o the_o earth_n and_o fill_v it_o up_o near_o as_o high_a as_o you_o intend_v the_o border_n to_o be_v and_o when_o you_o have_v fill_v it_o about_o half_o full_a tread_v it_o down_o but_o if_o you_o design_v no_o border_n make_v then_o only_o a_o hole_n for_o each_o tree_n of_o the_o square_a before_o mention_v but_o if_o your_o soil_n be_v wet_a or_o bind_v gravel_n or_o such_o like_a very_o bad_a in_o the_o bottom_n go_v not_o so_o deep_a it_o will_v be_v better_a to_o set_v they_o shallow_a and_o raise_v the_o earth_n about_o they_o as_o to_o the_o distance_n wall-fruit-tree_n be_v to_o be_v set_v at_o where_o they_o be_v to_o grow_v you_o may_v learn_v that_o best_a by_o consider_v their_o aptness_n to_o spread_v apricock_n and_o pear_n spread_v most_o the_o may_v cherry_n and_o some_o other_o be_v of_o very_o small_a growth_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o give_v rule_n for_o all_o but_o the_o general_a distance_n be_v about_o four_o yard_n asunder_o they_o mix_v soil_n and_o set_v they_o sect._n 3_o if_o it_o be_v not_o a_o manure_v land_n you_o set_v they_o in_o have_v in_o readiness_n some_o very_a fine_a rich_a mould_n or_o shovel_v of_o a_o yard_n where_o cattle_n be_v frequent_o lodge_v or_o feed_v that_o have_v lie_v on_o heap_n till_o it_o be_v mellow_a and_o become_v dry_a or_o rot_a neats-dung_n which_o you_o may_v mix_v with_o the_o earth_n that_o come_v forth_o of_o the_o hole_n and_o so_o order_v it_o that_o it_o may_v be_v as_o good_a or_o better_a than_o that_o out_o of_o which_o your_o tree_n come_v fill_v the_o hole_n half_a way_n up_o with_o this_o and_o tread_v it_o down_o in_o such_o form_n have_v respect_n to_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tree_n that_o be_v to_o be_v set_v in_o it_o that_o the_o root_n may_v rest_v close_o upon_o it_o cut_a off_o the_o end_n of_o all_o the_o root_n if_o it_o have_v one_o long_o downright_a root_n you_o may_v cut_v it_o almost_o half_o off_o try_v by_o set_v the_o tree_n in_o the_o hole_n which_o side_n will_v stand_v best_a to_o the_o wall_n and_o then_o cut_v off_o such_o branch_n as_o grow_v direct_o towards_o and_o fromward_o the_o wall_n leave_v only_o the_o side_n branch_n to_o be_v nail_v unto_o it_o then_o clap_v your_o tree_n in_o place_v it_o as_o far_o from_o the_o wall_n as_o the_o top_n will_v allow_v
you_o ought_v to_o have_v respect_n and_o also_o to_o the_o kind_n of_o fruit-tree_n you_o plant_v for_o some_o tree_n take_v up_o more_o room_n in_o their_o growth_n than_o other_o as_o most_o pear-tree_n more_o than_o appletree_n and_o some_o appletree_n more_o than_o other_o according_a to_o their_o aptness_n to_o grow_v more_o or_o less_o too_o tedious_a and_o difficult_a to_o be_v here_o relate_v only_o the_o redstrake_v be_v general_o a_o desire_a fruit_n you_o may_v take_v notice_n that_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o least_o appletree_n where_o it_o yield_v the_o best_a cider_n sometime_o it_o be_v almost_o but_o a_o shrub_n it_o be_v certain_o best_o in_o many_o respect_n for_o tree_n to_o be_v plant_v at_o a_o very_a good_a distance_n for_o 1._o the_o plantation_n will_v be_v little_a annoyance_n to_o the_o land_n if_o either_o you_o set_v garden_n stuff_n in_o it_o sow_v corn_n on_o it_o while_o the_o tree_n be_v young_a or_o graze_v it_o when_o they_o be_v grow_v up_o 2._o whereas_o some_o say_v the_o more_o tree_n the_o more_o fruit_n that_o be_v absolute_o false_a for_o when_o they_o be_v set_v so_o close_o that_o the_o sun_n can_v have_v a_o good_a influence_n upon_o they_o they_o bear_v poor_o and_o ripen_v worse_o 3._o they_o can_v grow_v to_o be_v tree_n of_o that_o size_n as_o they_o will_v if_o the_o land_n be_v good_a be_v set_v at_o a_o good_a distance_n and_o some_o kind_n of_o tree_n be_v of_o strong_a and_o swift_a growth_n than_o other_o will_v so_o domineer_v over_o their_o neighbour_n that_o they_o will_v make_v they_o almost_o good_a for_o nothing_o 4._o you_o may_v plant_v betwixt_o every_o tree_n a_o cherrytree_n or_o codling-tree_n which_o may_v grow_v up_o and_o bear_v with_o the_o other_o tree_n many_o year_n and_o never_o prejudice_v they_o but_o will_v decay_v before_o the_o other_o be_v at_o full_a growth_n or_o you_o may_v set_v a_o young_a appletree_n or_o pear-tree_n betwixt_o every_o two_o of_o your_o standard_n that_o you_o set_v in_o your_o orchard_n and_o nurse_v it_o up_o with_o necessary_a dress_n and_o prune_v seven_o or_o eight_o year_n or_o less_o time_n to_o transplant_v into_o field_n or_o pasture-land_n where_o cattle_n feed_v whereby_o with_o little_a help_n it_o will_v not_o be_v in_o such_o danger_n of_o hurt_n from_o cattle_n as_o small_a one_o will_v and_o bear_v fruit_n soon_o after_o it_o be_v set_v and_o you_o can_v let_v they_o grow_v so_o long_o in_o your_o nursery_n without_o gall_v or_o hurt_v one_o another_o unless_o when_o you_o remove_v tree_n out_o of_o your_o nursery_n you_o take_v care_n to_o leave_v every_o other_o tree_n whereby_o they_o may_v have_v liberty_n to_o grow_v big_a and_o so_o more_o sit_v for_o your_o field_n old_a of_o transplant_n tree_n young_a or_o old_a sect._n 7._o i_o know_v some_o be_v for_o remove_v tree_n very_o young_a and_o it_o be_v certain_o the_o best_a way_n if_o they_o can_v be_v secure_a from_o danger_n which_o in_o orchard_n or_o field_n where_o cattle_n have_v liberty_n to_o feed_v they_o can_v well_o be_v with_o ordinary_a fence_n unless_o they_o be_v of_o five_o or_o six_o year_n growth_n after_o graft_n he_o that_o have_v a_o nursery_n of_o his_o own_o and_o remove_v they_o into_o place_n so_o near_o that_o he_o can_v well_o do_v it_o let_v he_o the_o very_a same_o or_o the_o next_o day_n after_o they_o be_v take_v up_o set_v they_o in_o the_o place_n appoint_v for_o they_o and_o not_o cut_v off_o too_o much_o of_o the_o root_n but_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o top_n and_o he_o may_v do_v well_o to_o plant_v strong_a and_o well_o grow_v tree_n especial_o in_o his_o field_n and_o out-ground_n for_o the_o charge_n of_o fence_v will_v be_v much_o ease_v and_o be_v careful_o set_v they_o may_v prosper_v as_o well_o or_o better_a than_o small_a one_o especial_o in_o uncultivated_a or_o stiff_a land_n by_o nature_n where_o young_a tree_n can_v so_o well_o put_v forth_o root_n and_o here_o i_o shall_v propose_v a_o sure_a way_n to_o have_v old_a tree_n remove_v grow_v and_o prosper_v well_o than_o be_v common_o practise_v that_o be_v if_o you_o chance_v to_o have_v any_o tree_n betwixt_o ten_o and_o thirty_o year_n old_a that_o you_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o remove_v you_o must_v about_o november_n the_o year_n before_o you_o transplant_v they_o dig_v a_o trench_n as_o narrow_a as_o you_o please_v but_o so_o deep_a as_o to_o meet_v with_o most_o of_o the_o spread_a root_n at_o such_o a_o distance_n round_o about_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n as_o you_o will_v cut_v the_o root_n off_o at_o when_o you_o remove_v it_o about_o half_a a_o yard_n distant_a from_o the_o body_n may_v do_v well_o if_o they_o be_v not_o very_o large_a tree_n but_o if_o you_o have_v not_o far_o to_o carry_v they_o leave_v they_o long_o as_o you_o make_v the_o trench_n cut_v the_o root_n you_o meet_v with_o clear_a off_o and_o smooth_a without_o split_v they_o or_o bruise_v the_o bark_n fill_v up_o the_o trench_n again_o and_o by_o october_n next_o after_o when_o you_o take_v up_o the_o tree_n to_o set_v it_o elsewhere_o you_o will_v find_v those_o great_a root_n will_v have_v put_v forth_o many_o fibrous_a root_n and_o make_v preparation_n for_o more_o which_o fresh_a and_o tender_a root_n upon_o removal_n will_v enable_v the_o tree_n to_o draw_v more_o nourishment_n than_o otherwise_o it_o will_v and_o consequent_o to_o prosper_v the_o better_a in_o its_o new_a mansion_n order_n the_o order_n sect._n 8._o the_o best_a way_n you_o can_v set_v tree_n in_o a_o orchard_n be_v according_a to_o the_o figure_n which_o be_v call_v a_o quincunx_fw-la you_o be_v to_o proceed_v in_o set_v your_o tree_n in_o the_o ground_n by_o the_o same_o general_a rule_n give_v for_o wall-fruit_n observe_v exact_o all_o that_o be_v there_o but_o only_o what_o in_o particular_a concern_v the_o wall_n also_o in_o transplant_n any_o big_a tree_n man_n general_o observe_v to_o coast_n they_o as_o it_o be_v term_v thaâ—_n be_v to_o place_v the_o same_o side_n of_o the_o tree_n â—o_o the_o south_n east_n etc._n etc._n as_o grow_v so_o meâ—ly_o that_o way_n where_o it_o stand_v before_o to_o which_o end_n before_o you_o remove_v it_o you_o have_v best_o make_v some_o mark_n in_o the_o bark_n of_o the_o tree_n which_o way_n it_o stand_v this_o you_o may_v observe_v in_o straight_a tree_n but_o it_o be_v more_o material_a if_o your_o tree_n lean_a one_o way_n more_o than_o another_o to_o set_v the_o lean_a side_n towards_o the_o south-west_n from_o whence_o the_o strong_a wind_n blow_v fence_n tâ—â—_n fence_n sect._n 9_o the_o best_a quick_a fence_n for_o your_o orchard_n be_v a_o good_a white-thorn_n that_o when_o it_o be_v grow_v up_o may_v be_v plash_v the_o better_a to_o prevent_v the_o creep_a of_o hog_n or_o sheep_n into_o it_o set_v no_o smooth_a quick_a in_o it_o that_o may_v grow_v to_o great_a tree_n because_o they_o will_v be_v hurtful_a both_o to_o the_o hedge_n and_o fruit-tree_n both_o by_o their_o top_n and_o root_n when_o they_o be_v grow_v up_o but_o set_v two_o row_n of_o good_a hawthorn_n and_o make_v the_o dead-hedg_n on_o the_o outside_n the_o ditch_n and_o the_o quickset_n will_v grow_v the_o fast_o for_o the_o hedge_n upon_o the_o ditch_n be_v apt_a to_o choke_v the_o quick_a and_o thus_o with_o sometime_o weed_n it_o you_o may_v soon_o raise_v a_o good_a fence_n if_o you_o have_v a_o old_a hedge_n already_o about_o your_o orchard_n scour_v the_o ditch_n and_o plash_n the_o hedge_n and_o cut_v down_o all_o big_a tree_n that_o grow_v in_o it_o unless_o on_o the_o north_n or_o westside_n the_o one_o require_v a_o defence_n to_o keep_v the_o orchard_n warm_a the_o other_o to_o secure_v it_o somewhat_o from_o the_o strong_a wind_n that_o blow_v down_o the_o fruit_n before_o its_o ripe_a though_o it_o be_v better_a they_o grow_v on_o the_o outside_n the_o hedge_n sect._n 10._o your_o orchard-fruit-tree_n as_o well_o as_o other_o prune_v prune_v will_v need_v some_o prune_n which_o you_o may_v observe_v to_o do_v after_o this_o manner_n if_o you_o desire_v they_o shall_v be_v tall_a tree_n cut_v off_o all_o the_o side_n branch_n till_o they_o be_v grow_v to_o the_o height_n you_o desire_v if_o to_o spread_v low_a let_v some_o be_v leave_v on_o each_o side_n that_o the_o bough_n on_o any_o one_o side_n may_v not_o weigh_v down_o the_o tree_n but_o that_o it_o may_v grow_v straight_o upright_o and_o suffer_v they_o not_o the_o first_o three_o year_n at_o least_o to_o grow_v thick_a and_o bushey_a head_a by_o cut_v off_o some_o of_o the_o inside_n shoot_v and_o such_o as_o grow_v across_o one_o another_o or_o pendent_a what_o you_o cut_v off_o from_o the_o body_n or_o