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the_o oak_n will_v become_v excellent_a timber_n shoot_v into_o straight_a and_o single_a stem_n the_o chess-nut_n ash_n etc._n etc._n multiply_v into_o pole_n which_o you_o may_v reduce_v to_o standard_n at_o pleasure_n to_o this_o i_o add_v that_o as_o oft_o as_o you_o make_v your_o annual_a transplant_n out_o of_o the_o nursery_n by_o draw_v forth_o the_o choice_a stock_n the_o remainder_n will_v be_v improve_v by_o a_o due_a stir_v and_o turn_v of_o the_o mould_n about_o their_o root_n 5._o theophrastus_n in_o his_o three_o book_n the_o cause_n c._n 7._o give_v we_o great_a caution_n in_o plant_v to_o preserve_v the_o root_n and_o especial_o the_o earth_n adhere_v to_o the_o small_a fiber_n which_o shall_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v shake_v off_o as_o most_o of_o our_o gardener_n do_v to_o trim_v and_o quicken_v they_o as_o they_o pretend_v which_o be_v to_o cut_v they_o short_a etc._n etc._n not_o at_o all_o consider_v that_o those_o tender_a hair_n be_v the_o very_a mouth_n and_o vehicles_n which_o suck_v in_o the_o nutriment_n and_o transfuse_v into_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o that_o these_o once_o perish_v the_o thick_a and_o large_a root_n hard_a and_o less_o spongy_a signify_v little_o but_o to_o establish_v the_o stem_n as_o i_o have_v frequent_o experiment_v in_o orange-tree_n who_o fiber_n be_v so_o very_o obnoxious_a to_o rot_v if_o they_o take_v in_o the_o least_o excess_n of_o wet_a and_o therefore_o cato_n advise_v we_o to_o take_v care_n that_o we_o bind_v the_o mould_n about_o they_o or_o transfer_v the_o root_n in_o basket_n to_o preserve_v it_o from_o forsake_v they_o for_o this_o earth_n be_v already_o apply_v and_o fit_v to_o the_o overture_n and_o mouth_n of_o the_o fiber_n it_o will_v require_v some_o time_n to_o bring_v they_o in_o appetite_n again_o to_o a_o new_a mould_n by_o which_o to_o repair_v their_o loss_n furnish_v their_o stock_n and_o proceed_v in_o their_o wont_a oeconomy_n without_o manifest_a danger_n and_o interruption_n nor_o less_o aught_o our_o care_n to_o be_v in_o the_o make_n and_o dress_v of_o the_o pit_n and_o foss_n into_o which_o we_o design_v our_o transplantation_n which_o shall_v be_v prepare_v and_o leave_v some_o time_n open_a to_o macerate_v rain_n frost_n and_o sun_n that_o may_v resolve_v the_o compact_a salt_n render_v the_o earth_n friable_a mix_v and_o qualify_v it_o for_o aliment_n and_o to_o be_v more_o easy_o draw_v in_o and_o digest_v by_o the_o root_n and_o analogus_fw-la stomach_n of_o the_o tree_n this_o to_o some_o degree_n may_v be_v artificial_o do_v by_o burn_v of_o straw_n in_o the_o new_o open_v pit_n and_o drench_a the_o mould_n with_o water_n especial_o in_o over_o dry_a season_n and_o by_o meliorate_n barren-ground_n with_o sweet_a and_o comminuted_a letation_n 6._o the_o author_n of_o the_o natural_a history_n pliny_n tell_v we_o it_o be_v a_o vulgar_a tradition_n in_o his_o time_n that_o no_o tree_n shall_v be_v remove_v under_o two_o year_n old_a or_o above_o three_o cato_n
will_v have_v none_o transplant_v less_o than_o five_o finger_n in_o diametre_fw-la but_o i_o have_v show_v why_o we_o be_v not_o to_o attend_v so_o long_o for_o such_o as_o we_o raise_v of_o seedling_n in_o the_o interim_n if_o these_o direction_n appear_v too_o busy_a or_o operose_fw-la or_o that_o the_o plantation_n you_o intend_v be_v very_o ample_a a_o more_o compendious_a method_n will_v be_v the_o confuse_a sow_v of_o acorn_n etc._n etc._n in_o furrow_n two_o foot_n asunder_o cover_v at_o three_o finger_n depth_n and_o so_o for_o three_o year_n cleanse_v and_o the_o first_o winter_n cover_v with_o fearn_v without_o any_o far_a culture_n unless_o you_o transplant_v they_o but_o as_o i_o show_v before_o in_o nursery_n they_o will_v be_v cut_v a_o inch_n from_o the_o ground_n and_o then_o let_v stand_v till_o march_v the_o second_o year_n when_o it_o shall_v be_v sufficient_a to_o disbranch_v they_o to_o one_o only_a shoot_n whether_o you_o suffer_v they_o to_o stand_v or_o 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so_o they_o will_v last_v many_o year_n i_o can_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n conceal_v what_o a_o noble_a person_n have_v assure_v i_o that_o in_o his_o goodly_a plantation_n of_o tree_n in_o scotland_n where_o they_o be_v continual_o expose_v to_o much_o great_a and_o more_o impetuous_a wind_n than_o we_o be_v usual_o acquaint_v with_o he_o never_o stake_v any_o of_o his_o tree_n but_o upon_o all_o disaster_n of_o this_o kind_n cause_v only_o his_o servant_n to_o redress_v and_o set_v they_o up_o again_o as_o oft_o as_o they_o happen_v to_o be_v overthrow_v which_o he_o have_v affirm_v to_o i_o thrive_v better_a with_o they_o than_o with_o those_o which_o he_o have_v stake_v and_o that_o at_o last_o they_o strike_v root_n so_o fast_o as_o nothing_o but_o the_o axe_n be_v able_a to_o prostrate_v they_o and_o there_o be_v good_a reason_n for_o it_o in_o my_o opinion_n whilst_o these_o concussion_n of_o the_o root_n loosen_v the_o mould_n not_o only_o make_v room_n for_o their_o more_o 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than_o the_o argument_n alone_o of_o most_o of_o the_o rest_n in_o his_o huge_a volumn_n but_o the_o weightiness_n of_o the_o matter_n do_v worthy_o excuse_v he_o who_o be_v not_o wont_a to_o spare_v his_o word_n or_o his_o reader_n glandiferi_fw-la maximè_fw-la generis_fw-la omnes_fw-la quibus_fw-la honos_fw-la apud_fw-la romanos_fw-la perpetuus_fw-la mast-bearing-tree_n be_v principal_o those_o which_o the_o roman_n hold_v in_o chief_a repute_n lib._n 6._o cap._n 3._o and_o in_o the_o follow_v where_o he_o treat_v of_o chaplet_n and_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o civic_a coronet_n it_o may_v be_v compose_v of_o the_o leave_n or_o branch_n of_o any_o oak_n provide_v it_o be_v a_o bear_a tree_n and_o have_v acorn_n upon_o it_o it_o be_v for_o the_o esteem_n which_o these_o wise_a and_o glorious_a people_n have_v of_o this_o tree_n above_o all_o other_o that_o i_o will_v first_o begin_v with_o the_o oak_n 2._o the_o oak_n be_v of_o four_o kind_n two_o of_o which_o be_v most_o common_a with_o we_o for_o we_o shall_v say_v little_a of_o the_o cerris_n goodly_a to_o look_v on_o but_o for_o little_a else_o the_o quercus_fw-la urbana_fw-la which_o grow_v more_o upright_a and_o be_v clean_o and_o light_a be_v fit_a for_o timber_n and_o the_o robur_n or_o quercus_fw-la sylvestris_n take_v robur_n for_o the_o general_a name_n at_o least_o as_o contradistinct_a from_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v of_o a_o hard_a black_a grain_n bear_v a_o small_a acorn_n and_o affect_v to_o spread_v in_o branch_n and_o to_o put_v forth_o his_o root_n more_o above_o ground_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o plant_n to_o be_v allow_v a_o great_a distance_n viz._n from_o twenty_o five_o to_o forty_o foot_n nay_o sometime_o as_o many_o yard_n whereas_o the_o other_o shoot_v up_o more_o erect_v will_v be_v content_v with_o fifteen_o this_o kind_n be_v far_a to_o be_v
protection_n against_o the_o mouse_n and_o a_o providential_a integument_n pliny_n l._n 15._o c._n 23._o from_o this_o natural_a guard_n conclude_v they_o to_o be_v excellent_a food_n and_o doubtless_o caesar_n think_v so_o when_o he_o transport_v they_o from_o sardis_n first_o into_o italy_n whence_o they_o be_v propagate_v into_o france_n and_o thence_o among_o we_o another_o encouragement_n to_o make_v such_o experiment_n out_o of_o foreign_a country_n some_o sow_v they_o confuse_o in_o the_o furrow_n like_o the_o acorn_n and_o govern_v they_o as_o the_o oak_n but_o then_o will_v the_o ground_n be_v break_v up_o betwixt_o november_n and_o february_n and_o when_o they_o spring_v be_v cleanse_v at_o two_o foot_n asunder_o after_o two_o year_n growth_n likewise_o may_v copse_n of_o chestnut_n be_v wonderful_o increase_v and_o thicken_v by_o lay_v the_o tender_a and_o young_a branch_n but_o such_o as_o spring_v from_o the_o nut_n and_o matrons_n be_v best_a of_o all_o and_o will_v thrive_v exceed_o if_o be_v let_v stand_v without_o remove_v the_o ground_n be_v stir_v and_o loosen_a about_o their_o root_n for_o two_o or_o three_o of_o the_o first_o year_n and_o the_o superfluous_a wood_n prune_v away_o and_o indeed_o for_o good_a tree_n they_o shall_v be_v shripe_v up_o after_o the_o first_o year_n removal_n thus_o will_v you_o have_v a_o copse_n ready_a for_o a_o fell_n within_o eight_o year_n which_o beside_o many_o other_o use_n will_v yield_v you_o incomparable_a pole_n for_o any_o work_n of_o the_o garden_n vineyard_n or_o hopyard_n till_o the_o next_o cut_v and_o if_o the_o tree_n like_o the_o ground_n will_v in_o ten_o or_o twelve_o year_n grow_v to_o a_o kind_n of_o timber_n and_o bear_v plentiful_a fruit_n 3._o i_o have_v see_v many_o chess-nut-tree_n transplant_v as_o big_a as_o my_o arm_n their_o head_n cut_v off_o at_o five_o and_o six_o foot_n height_n but_o they_o come_v on_o at_o leisure_n in_o such_o plantation_n and_o all_o other_o for_o avenue_n you_o may_v set_v they_o from_o thirty_o to_o ten_o foot_n distance_n though_o they_o will_v grow_v much_o near_o and_o shoot_v into_o pole_n if_o be_v tender_a you_o cultivate_v they_o like_o the_o ash_n the_o nature_n of_o who_o shade_n it_o resemble_v since_o nothing_o affect_n much_o to_o grow_v under_o it_o some_o husband_n tell_v i_o that_o the_o young_a chess-nut-tree_n shall_v not_o be_v prune_v or_o touch_v with_o any_o knife_n or_o edgetool_n for_o the_o first_o three_o or_o four_o year_n but_o rather_o crop_v or_o break_v off_o which_o i_o leave_v to_o far_a experience_n 4._o the_o chessnut_n be_v graff_v in_o the_o walnut_n oak_n or_o beech_n i_o have_v be_v tell_v will_v come_v exceed_o fair_a and_o produce_v incomparablâ—_n fruit_n for_o the_o walnut_n and_o chessnut_n in_o each_o other_o it_o be_v probable_a but_o i_o have_v not_o as_o yet_o make_v a_o full_a attempt_n they_o also_o speak_v of_o inoculate_v cherry_v in_o the_o chessnut-stock_n for_o a_o late_a fruit_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n i_o wish_v we_o do_v more_o universal_o propagate_v the_o horse-chessnut_a which_o be_v easy_o increase_v from_o layer_n grow_v into_o a_o goodly_a standard_n and_o bear_v a_o most_o glorious_a flower_n even_o in_o our_o cold_a country_n this_o tree_n be_v now_o all_o the_o mode_n for_o the_o avenue_n to_o their_o country_n palace_n in_o france_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o late_a superintendent_o plantation_n at_o vaux_n it_o be_v first_o bring_v from_o constantinople_n to_o vienna_n thence_o into_o italy_n and_o so_o france_n but_o to_o we_o from_o the_o levant_n more_o immediate_o and_o flourish_v so_o well_o and_o grow_v so_o goodly_a a_o tree_n in_o compent_a time_n that_o by_o this_o alone_a we_o may_v have_v ample_a encouragement_n to_o denizen_n other_o stranger_n among_o we_o 5._o the_o chess-nut_n be_v next_o the_o oak_n one_o of_o the_o most_o seek_v after_o by_o the_o carpenter_n and_o joyner_n it_o have_v former_o build_v a_o good_a part_n of_o our_o ancient_a house_n in_o the_o city_n of_o london_n as_o do_v yet_o appear_v i_o have_v once_o a_o very_a large_a barn_n near_o the_o city_n frame_v entire_o of_o this_o timber_n and_o certain_o they_o grow_v not_o far_o off_o probable_o in_o some_o wood_n near_o the_o town_n for_o in_o that_o description_n of_o london_n write_v by_o fitz-stephens_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n 2._o he_o speak_v of_o a_o very_a noble_a and_o large_a forest_n which_o grow_v on_o the_o boreal_a part_n of_o it_o proxime_fw-la say_v he_o patet_fw-la foresta_fw-mi ingens_fw-la saltus_fw-la nemorosi_fw-la ferarum_fw-la latebrae_fw-la cervorum_fw-la damarum_fw-la aprorum_fw-la &_o taurorum_fw-la sylvestrium_fw-la etc._n etc._n a_o very_a goodly_a thing_n it_o seem_v and_o as_o well_o store_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o good_a timber_n as_o with_o venison_n and_o all_o kind_n of_o chase_n the_o chess-nut_n afford_v the_o best_a stake_n and_o pole_n for_o palisades_n pedament_n for_o vine-prop_n and_o hop_n as_o i_o say_v before_o also_o for_o mill-timber_n and_o water-work_n or_o when_o it_o may_v lie_v bury_v but_o if_o water_n touch_v the_o root_n of_o the_o grow_a tree_n it_o spoil_v both_o fruit_n and_o timber_n it_o be_v likewise_o observe_v that_o this_o tree_n be_v so_o prevalent_a against_o cold_a that_o where_o they_o stand_v they_o defend_v other_o plantation_n from_o the_o injury_n of_o the_o severe_a frost_n i_o be_o sure_a be_v plant_v in_o hedge-rowe_n &_o circa_fw-la agrorum_fw-la itinera_fw-la or_o for_o avenue_n to_o our_o country-house_n they_o be_v a_o magnificent_a and_o royal_a ornament_n this_o timber_n also_o do_v well_o for_o column_n table_n chest_n chair_n stool_n bedstead_n for_o tub_n and_o wine-cask_n which_o it_o preserve_v with_o the_o least_o tincture_n of_o the_o wood_n of_o any_o whatsoever_o if_o the_o timber_n be_v dip_v in_o scald_a oil_n and_o well_o pitch_a it_o become_v extreme_o durable_a beam_n make_v of_o chessnut_n tree_n have_v this_o property_n that_o be_v somewhat_o brittle_a they_o give_v warning_n and_o premonish_v the_o danger_n by_o a_o certain_a crackle_v which_o it_o make_v former_o they_o make_v consultatory_n staff_n of_o this_o tree_n and_o the_o variegated_a rod_n which_o jacob_n peel_a to_o lay_v in_o the_o trough_n and_o impress_v a_o fancy_n in_o his_o father-in-law_n conceive_v ewe_n be_v of_o this_o material_a the_o coal_n be_v excellent_a for_o the_o smith_n be_v soon_o kindle_v and_o as_o soon_o extinguish_v but_o the_o ash_n of_o chessnut-wood_n be_v not_o convenient_a for_o to_o make_v a_o lee_n with_o because_o it_o be_v observe_v to_o stain_v the_o linen_n as_o for_o the_o fruit_n it_o be_v better_a to_o beat_v it_o down_o from_o the_o tree_n some_o little_a time_n before_o they_o fall_v off_o themselves_o thus_o they_o will_v the_o better_o keep_v or_o else_o you_o must_v smoke-dry_a they_o but_o we_o give_v that_o fruit_n to_o our_o swine_n in_o england_n which_o be_v among_o the_o delicacy_n of_o prince_n in_o other_o country_n and_o be_v of_o the_o large_a nut_n be_v a_o lusty_a and_o masculine_a food_n for_o rustic_n at_o all_o time_n and_o of_o better_a nourishment_n for_o husbandman_n than_o cole_n and_o rusty_a bacon_n yea_o or_o bean_n to_o boot_n instead_o of_o which_o they_o boil_v they_o in_o italy_n with_o their_o bacon_n and_o in_o virgil_n time_n they_o eat_v they_o with_o milk_n and_o cheese_n the_o best_a table_n in_o france_n and_o italy_n make_v they_o a_o service_n eat_v they_o with_o salt_n in_o wine_n or_o juice_n of_o lemon_n and_o sugar_n be_v first_o roast_v in_o embers_o on_o the_o chaplet_n and_o doubtless_o we_o may_v propagate_v their_o use_n among_o our_o common_a people_n as_o of_o old_a the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v a_o food_n so_o cheap_a and_o so_o last_a in_o italy_n they_o also_o boil_v they_o in_o wine_n and_o then_o smoke_v they_o a_o little_a these_o they_o call_v anseri_fw-la or_o goose_n i_o know_v not_o why_o those_o of_o piedmont_n add_v fennel_n cinnamon_n and_o nutmeg_n to_o their_o wine_n but_o first_o they_o peel_v they_o other_o macerate_v they_o in_o rose-water_n the_o bread_n of_o the_o flower_n be_v exceed_o nutritive_a it_o be_v a_o robu_v food_n and_o make_v woman_n well_o complexioned_a as_o i_o have_v read_v in_o a_o good_a author_n they_o also_o make_v fritter_n of_o chessnut_n flower_n which_o they_o wet_v with_o rosewater_n and_o sprinkle_v with_o grate_a parmegiano_n and_o so_o fry_v they_o in_o fresh_a butter_n a_o delicate_a how_o we_o here_o use_v they_o in_o stew'd-meat_n and_o beatille-pye_n our_o french_a cook_n teach_v we_o and_o this_o be_v in_o truth_n the_o very_o best_a use_n of_o their_o fruit_n and_o very_o commendable_a for_o it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o eat_n of_o they_o raw_a or_o in_o bread_n as_o they_o do_v much_o about_o limosin_n be_v apt_a to_o swell_v the_o
that_o some_o tree_n afford_v a_o much_o more_o generous_a wine_n than_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n in_o the_o coco_n and_o palmeto_n tree_n they_o chap_v a_o bough_n as_o we_o do_v the_o betula_n but_o in_o the_o date_n make_v the_o incision_n with_o a_o chisel_n in_o the_o body_n very_o neat_o in_o which_o they_o stitch_v a_o leaf_n of_o the_o tree_n as_o a_o lingula_fw-la to_o direct_v it_o into_o the_o appendent_a vessel_n which_o the_o subjoined_a figure_n represent_v and_o illustrate_v with_o its_o improvement_n to_o our_o former_a discourse_n note_v if_o there_o be_v no_o fit_a arm_n the_o hole_n thus_o oblique_o perforate_v and_o a_o faucet_n or_o pipe_n insert_v will_v lead_v the_o sap_n into_o the_o recipient_a a._n b._n the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n g._n bore_v at_o that_o part_n of_o the_o arm_n f._n join_v to_o the_o stem_n with_o a_o augre_v of_o a_o inch_n or_o more_o diameter_n according_a to_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o tree_n c._n a_o part_n of_o the_o bark_n bend_v down_o into_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o bottle_n e._n to_o conduct_v the_o liquor_n into_o it_o d._n the_o string_n about_o the_o arm_n f._n by_o which_o the_o bottle_n hang_v 8._o the_o liquor_n of_o the_o birch_n be_v esteem_v to_o have_v all_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o salt_n etc._n without_o the_o danger_n of_o its_o acrimony_n most_o powerful_a for_o the_o dissolve_v of_o the_o stone_n in_o the_o bladder_n helmont_n show_v how_o to_o make_v a_o beer_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o wine_n be_v a_o most_o rich_a cordial_n cure_v as_o i_o be_o tell_v consumption_n and_o such_o interior_a disease_n as_o accompany_v the_o stone_n in_o the_o bladder_n or_o reins_o this_o wine_n exquisite_o make_v be_v so_o strong_a that_o the_o common_a sort_n of_o stone-bottle_n can_v preserve_v the_o spirit_n so_o subtle_a they_o be_v and_o volatile_a and_o yet_o it_o be_v gentle_a and_o very_o harmless_a in_o operation_n within_o the_o body_n and_o exceed_o sharpen_v the_o appetite_n be_v drink_v ante_fw-la pastum_fw-la i_o will_v present_v you_o a_o receipt_n as_o it_o be_v send_v i_o by_o a_o fair_a lady_n 9_o to_o every_o gallon_n of_o birch-water_n put_v a_o quart_n of_o honey_n well_o stir_v together_o then_o boil_v it_o almost_o a_o hour_n with_o a_o few_o clove_n and_o a_o little_a limon-peel_n keep_v it_o well_o scummed_a when_o it_o be_v sufficient_o boil_v and_o become_v cold_a add_v to_o it_o three_o or_o four_o spoonful_n of_o good_a ale_n to_o make_v it_o work_v which_o it_o will_v do_v like_o new_a ale_n and_o when_o the_o yeast_n begin_v to_o settle_v bottle_n it_o up_o as_o you_o do_v other_o winy_a liquor_n it_o will_v in_o a_o competent_a time_n become_v a_o most_o brisk_a and_o spiritous_a drink_n which_o beside_o the_o former_a virtue_n be_v a_o very_a powerful_a opener_n and_o do_v wonder_n for_o cure_v of_o the_o ptisick_n this_o wine_n may_v if_o you_o please_v be_v make_v as_o successful_o with_o sugar_n in_o stead_n of_o honey_n lbj_fw-la to_o each_o gallon_n of_o water_n or_o you_o may_v dulcifie_v it_o with_o raisin_n and_o compose_v a_o raisin-wine_n of_o it_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o sweet_a ingredient_n may_v not_o be_v somewhat_o reduce_v and_o the_o operation_n improve_v but_o i_o give_v it_o as_o receive_v 10._o but_o beside_o these_o beech_n alder_n ash_n elder_n etc._n etc._n will_v be_v attempt_v for_o liquor_n thus_o crab_n and_o even_o our_o very_a bramble_n may_v possible_o yield_v we_o medical_a and_o useful_a wine_n the_o poplar_n be_v heretofore_o esteem_v more_o physical_a than_o the_o betula_n the_o sap_n of_o the_o oak_n juice_n or_o decoction_n of_o the_o inner_a bark_n cure_v the_o fashion_n or_o farcy_n a_o virulent_a and_o dangerous_a infirmity_n in_o horse_n and_o which_o like_o cancer_n be_v repute_v incurable_a by_o any_o other_o topic_n than_o some_o actual_a or_o potential_a cautery_n but_o what_o be_v more_o noble_a a_o dear_a friend_n of_o i_o assure_v i_o that_o a_o country_n neighbour_n of_o his_o at_o least_o fourscore_o year_n of_o age_n who_o have_v lie_v sick_a of_o a_o bloody_a strangury_n which_o by_o cruel_a torment_n reduce_v he_o to_o the_o very_a article_n of_o death_n be_v under_o god_n recover_v to_o perfect_a and_o almost_o miraculous_a health_n and_o strength_n so_o as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o fall_v stout_o to_o his_o labour_n by_o one_o sole_a draught_n of_o beer_n wherein_o be_v the_o decoction_n of_o the_o internal_a bark_n of_o the_o oak-tree_n and_o i_o have_v see_v a_o composition_n of_o a_o admirable_a sudorific_a and_o diuretic_n for_o all_o affection_n of_o the_o liver_n out_o of_o the_o like_a of_o the_o elm_n which_o may_v yet_o be_v drink_v daily_o as_o our_o cophee_n be_v and_o with_o no_o less_o delight_n but_o quack_a be_v not_o my_o trade_n i_o speak_v only_o here_o as_o a_o plain_a husband_n man_n and_o a_o simple_a forester_n out_o of_o the_o limit_n whereof_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v not_o unpardonable_o transgress_v pan_n be_v a_o physician_n and_o he_o you_o know_v be_v precedent_n of_o the_o wood_n but_o i_o proceed_v chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o hazel_n hasel_n 1._o nvx_n sylvestris_n or_o corylus_fw-la the_o hazel_n be_v best_a raise_v from_o the_o nut_n which_o you_o shall_v sow_v like_o mast_n in_o a_o pretty_a deep_a furrow_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o february_n light_a ground_n may_v immediate_o be_v sow_v and_o harrow_v in_o very_o accurate_o but_o in_o case_n the_o mould_n be_v clay_n plough_n it_o early_o and_o let_v it_o be_v sufficient_o mellow_v with_o the_o frost_n and_o then_o the_o three_o year_n cut_v your_o tree_n near_o to_o the_o ground_n with_o a_o sharp_a bill_n the_o moon_n decrease_v 2._o but_o if_o you_o will_v make_v a_o grove_n for_o pleasure_n plant_v they_o in_o foss_n at_o a_o yard_n distance_n and_o cut_v they_o within_o half_a a_o foot_n of_o the_o earth_n dress_v they_o for_o three_o or_o four_o spring_n and_o autumn_n by_o only_o loosen_v the_o mould_n a_o little_a about_o their_o root_n other_o there_o be_v who_o set_v the_o nut_n by_o hand_n at_o one_o foot_n distance_n to_o be_v transplant_v the_o three_o year_n at_o a_o yard_n asunder_o but_o this_o work_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v in_o hand_n so_o soon_o as_o the_o nut_n fall_v till_o winter_n be_v well_o advance_v because_o they_o be_v exceed_o obnoxious_a to_o the_o frost_n nor_o will_v they_o sprout_v till_o the_o spring_n beside_o vermine_n be_v great_a devourer_n of_o they_o preserve_v they_o therefore_o moist_a not_o mouldy_a by_o lay_v they_o in_o their_o own_o dry_a leaf_n or_o in_o sand_n till_o january_n hasel_n from_o set_v and_o sucker_n take_v plantis_fw-la &_o durae_fw-la coryli_fw-la nascuntur_fw-la georg_n 2._o 3._o from_o whence_o they_o thrive_v very_o well_o the_o shoot_v be_v of_o the_o scantling_n of_o small_a wand_n and_o switch_n or_o somewhat_o big_a and_o such_o as_o have_v draw_v divers_a hairy_a twigg_n which_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v disbranched_a no_o more_o than_o their_o root_n unless_o by_o a_o very_a spare_v and_o discreet_a hand_n thus_o your_o coryletum_n or_o copse_n of_o hasel_n be_v plant_v about_o autumn_n may_v as_o some_o practise_v it_o be_v cut_v within_o three_o or_o four_o inch_n of_o the_o ground_n the_o spring_n follow_v which_o the_o new_a cyon_n will_v sudden_o repair_v in_o cluster_n and_o tuft_n of_o fair_a pole_n of_o twenty_o and_o sometime_o thirty_o foot_n long_o but_o i_o rather_o shall_v spare_v they_o till_o two_o or_o three_o year_n after_o when_o they_o shall_v have_v take_v strong_a hold_n and_o may_v be_v cut_v close_o to_o the_o very_a earth_n the_o improsperous_a and_o feeble_a one_o especial_o thus_o be_v likewise_o filbert_n to_o be_v treat_v both_o of_o they_o improve_v much_o by_o transplant_n but_o chief_o by_o graft_n and_o it_o will_v be_v try_v with_o filbert_n and_o even_o with_o almond_n themselves_o for_o more_o elegant_a experiment_n 4._o for_o the_o place_n they_o above_o all_o affect_v cold_a barren_a dry_a and_o sandy_a ground_n also_o mountain_n and_o even_o rocky_a soil_n produce_v they_o but_o more_o plentiful_o if_o somewhat_o moist_a dankish_a and_o mossy_a as_o in_o the_o fresh_a bottom_n and_o side_n of_o hill_n and_o in_o hedge-rowe_n such_o as_o be_v maintain_v for_o coppse_n may_v after_o twelve_o year_n be_v fell_v the_o first_o time_n the_o next_o at_o seven_o or_o eight_o etc._n etc._n for_o by_o this_o period_n their_o root_n will_v be_v complete_o vigorous_a you_o may_v plant_v they_o from_o october_n to_o january_n provide_v you_o keep_v they_o careful_o weed_v till_o they_o have_v take_v fast_o hold_v 5._o the_o use_n of_o the_o hazel_n be_v for_o pole_n spars_n hoop_n fork_n angle_a rod_n faggot_n
for_o the_o first_o two_o year_n till_o the_o plant_n have_v vanquish_v the_o grass_n and_o not_o cut_v till_o the_o three_o then_o lop_v they_o traverse_v and_o not_o oblique_o at_o one_o foot_n from_o the_o ground_n or_o somewhat_o more_o and_o he_o will_v head_n to_o admiration_n but_o such_o which_o be_v cut_v at_o three_o foot_n height_n be_v most_o durable_a as_o least_o soft_a and_o aquatic_a they_o may_v also_o be_v graff_v betwixt_o the_o bark_n or_o bud_v and_o then_o they_o become_v so_o beautiful_a as_o to_o be_v fit_a for_o some_o kind_n of_o delightful_a walk_n and_o this_o i_o wish_v be_v practise_v among_o such_o as_o be_v seat_v in_o low_a and_o marshy_a place_n not_o so_o friendly_a to_o other_o tree_n every_o acre_n at_o eleven_o or_o twelve_o year_n growth_n may_v yield_v you_o near_o a_o hundred_o load_v of_o wood_n cut_v they_o in_o the_o spring_n for_o dress_v but_o in_o the_o fall_n for_o timber_n and_o fuel_n i_o have_v be_v inform_v that_o a_o gentleman_n in_o essex_n have_v lop_v no_o less_o than_o 2000_o yearly_a all_o of_o his_o own_o plant_n it_o be_v far_o the_o sweet_a of_o all_o our_o english_a fuel_n provide_v it_o be_v sound_n and_o dry_a and_o emit_v little_a smoke_n be_v the_o fit_a for_o lady_n chamber_n and_o all_o those_o wood_n and_o twig_n will_v be_v cut_v either_o to_o plant_v work_v with_o or_o burn_v in_o the_o dry_v time_n of_o the_o day_n 27._o there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o willow_n of_o a_o slender_a and_o long_a leaf_n resemble_v the_o small_a osier_n but_o rise_v to_o a_o tree_n as_o big_a as_o the_o sally_n full_a of_o knot_n and_o of_o a_o very_a brittle_a spray_n only_o here_o rehearse_v to_o acknowledge_v the_o variety_n 28._o there_o be_v likewise_o the_o garden-willow_n which_o produce_v a_o sweet_a and_o beautiful_a flower_n fit_a to_o be_v admit_v into_o our_o hortulan_n ornament_n and_o may_v be_v set_v for_o partition_n of_o square_n but_o they_o have_v no_o affinity_n with_o other_o there_o be_v also_o in_o shropshire_n another_o very_a odoriferous_a kind_n 29._o what_o most_o of_o the_o former_a enumerated_a kind_n differ_v from_o the_o sally_n be_v indeed_o not_o much_o considerable_a they_o be_v general_o useful_a for_o the_o same_o purpose_n as_o box_n such_o as_o apothecary_n and_o goldsmith_n use_v for_o cart-saddle-tree_n yea_o gun-stock_n and_o half-pike_n harrow_n shoemaker_n last_v heel_n clog_n for_o patten_n fork_n rake_n especial_o the_o tooth_n which_o shall_v be_v wedge_v with_o oak_n but_o let_v they_o not_o be_v cut_v for_o this_o when_o the_o sap_n be_v stir_v because_o they_o will_v shrink_v perche_n hop-pole_n rice_v of_o kidny-bean_n and_o for_o supporter_n to_o vine_n when_o our_o english_a vineyard_n come_v more_o in_o request_n also_o for_o hurdle_n sieve_n lattice_n for_o the_o turner_n kyele-pin_n great_a town-topps_n for_o platter_n little_a cash_n and_o vessel_n especial_o to_o preserve_v verjuice_n in_o the_o best_a of_o any_o pail_n be_v also_o make_v of_o cleave_a willow_n dorser_n fruit-basket_n cann_n hive_n for_o bee_n trencher_n tray_n and_o for_o polish_n and_o whet_v table-knive_n the_o butler_n will_v find_v it_o above_o any_o wood_n or_o whetstone_n also_o for_o coal_n and_o bavin_n not_o forget_v the_o fresh_a bough_n which_o of_o all_o the_o tree_n in_o nature_n yield_v the_o most_o chaste_a and_o cool_v shade_n in_o the_o hot_a season_n of_o the_o day_n and_o this_o umbrage_n so_o wholesome_a that_o physician_n prescribe_v it_o to_o feverish_a person_n permit_v they_o to_o be_v place_v even_o about_o their_o bed_n as_o a_o safe_a and_o comfortable_a refrigerium_fw-la the_o wood_n be_v preserve_v dry_a will_v dure_v a_o very_a long_a time_n but_o that_o which_o be_v find_v whole_o putrify_v and_o reduce_v to_o a_o loamy_a earth_n in_o the_o hollow_a trunk_n of_o superannuated_a tree_n be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o fit_a to_o be_v mingle_v with_o fine_a mould_n for_o the_o raise_v our_o choice_a flower_n such_o as_o anemony_n ranunculus_n auriculas_fw-la and_o the_o like_a what_o will_v we_o more_o low_o broom_n and_o sally_n wild_a or_o feed_v the_o flock_n or_o shepherd_n shade_n or_o field_n hedge_n about_o or_o do_v we_o honey_n yield_v quid_fw-la majora_fw-la sequâ—r_fw-la salices_n humilesque_fw-la genista_fw-la aut_fw-la illae_fw-la pecori_fw-la frondem_fw-la aut_fw-la pastoribus_fw-la umbram_fw-la sufficiunt_fw-la sepemque_fw-la satis_fw-la &_o pabula_fw-la melli_fw-la georg._n 2._o 30._o now_o by_o all_o these_o plantation_n of_o the_o aquatic_a tree_n it_o be_v evident_a the_o lord_n of_o moorish_a commons_o and_o unprofitable_a waste_v may_v learn_v some_o improvement_n and_o the_o neighbour_n bee_n be_v gratify_v and_o many_o tool_n of_o husbandry_n become_v much_o cheap_a i_o conclude_v with_o the_o learned_a stephanus_n note_n upon_o these_o kind_n of_o tree_n after_o he_o have_v enumerate_v the_o universal_a benefit_n of_o the_o salictum_fw-la nullius_fw-la enim_fw-la tutior_fw-la reditus_fw-la minorisve_fw-la impendii_fw-la aut_fw-la tempestatis_fw-la securior_fw-la chap._n xxi_o of_o fence_n quicksets_a etc._n etc._n 1._o our_o main_a plantation_n be_v now_o finish_v fence_n and_o our_o forest_n adorn_v with_o a_o just_a variety_n but_o what_o be_v yet_o all_o this_o labour_n but_o loss_n of_o time_n and_o irreparable_a expense_n unless_o our_o young_a and_o as_o yet_o tender_a plant_n be_v sufficient_o guard_v from_o all_o external_a injury_n for_o as_o old_a tusser_n if_o cattle_n or_o coney_n may_v enter_v to_o crop_n young_a oak_n be_v in_o danger_n of_o lose_v his_o cop._n but_o with_o something_o a_o more_o polish_a stile_n though_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n the_o best_a of_o poet_n plash_n fence_n thy_o plantation_n round_o about_o and_o whilst_o yet_o young_a be_v sure_o keep_v cattle_n out_o severe_a winter_n scorch_a sun_n infest_v and_o sheep_n goat_n bullock_n all_o young_a plant_n molest_v yet_o neither_o cold_a nor_o the_o hoar_a rigid_a frost_n nor_o heat_v reflect_v from_o the_o rocky_a coast_n like_o cattle_n tree_n and_o tender_a shoot_v confound_v when_o with_o envenom_a tooth_n the_o twig_n they_o wound_v texendae_fw-la sepe_v etiam_fw-la &_o pecus_fw-la omne_fw-la tenendum_fw-la est_fw-la praecipuè_fw-la dum_fw-la frons_fw-la tenera_fw-la imprudensque_fw-la laborum_fw-la cui_fw-la super_fw-la indignas_fw-la hyeme_v solemque_fw-la potentem_fw-la sylvestres_fw-mi vri_fw-la assiduè_fw-la capreaeque_fw-la sequaces_fw-la illudunt_fw-la pascuntur_fw-la oves_fw-la avidaeque_fw-la juvenâ—ae_fw-la frigora_fw-la nec_fw-la tantum_fw-la cana_fw-la concreta_fw-la pruina_fw-la aut_fw-la gravis_fw-la incumbens_fw-la scopulis_fw-la arentibus_fw-la astas_fw-la quantum_fw-la illi_fw-la nocuere_fw-la greges_fw-la durique_fw-la venenum_fw-la dentis_fw-la &_o admorso_fw-la signata_fw-la in_o stirpe_fw-la cicatrix_fw-la georg._n 2._o 2._o for_o the_o reason_n that_o so_o many_o complain_v of_o the_o improsperous_a condition_n of_o their_o wood-land_n and_o plantation_n of_o this_o kind_n proceed_v from_o this_o neglect_n though_o sheep_n except_v there_o be_v no_o employment_n whatsoever_o incident_a to_o the_o farmer_n which_o require_v less_o expense_n to_o gratify_v their_o expectation_n one_o diligent_a and_o skilful_a man_n will_v govern_v five_o hundred_o acre_n but_o if_o through_o any_o accident_n a_o beast_n shall_v break_v into_o his_o master_n field_n or_o the_o wicked_a hunter_n make_v a_o gap_n for_o his_o dog_n and_o horse_n what_o a_o clamour_n be_v there_o make_v for_o the_o disturbance_n of_o a_o year_n crop_v at_o most_o in_o a_o little_a corn_n while_o abandon_v his_o young_a wood_n all_o this_o time_n and_o perhaps_o many_o year_n to_o the_o venomous_a bite_n and_o tread_v of_o cattle_n and_o other_o like_a injury_n for_o want_n of_o due_a care_n the_o detriment_n be_v many_o time_n irreparable_a young_a tree_n once_o crop_v hardly_o ever_o recover_v it_o be_v the_o bane_n of_o all_o our_o most_o hopeful_a timber_n 3._o but_o shall_v i_o provoke_v you_o by_o a_o instance_n a_o kinsman_n of_o i_o have_v a_o wood_n of_o more_o than_o 60_o year_n stand_v it_o be_v before_o he_o purchase_v it_o expose_v and_o abandon_v to_o the_o cattle_n for_o divers_a year_n some_o of_o the_o outward_a skirt_n be_v nothing_o save_o shrub_n and_o miserable_a staruling_n yet_o still_o the_o place_n have_v a_o disposition_n to_o grow_v woody_a but_o by_o this_o neglect_n continual_o suppress_v the_o industrious_a gentleman_n have_v fence_v in_o some_o acre_n of_o this_o and_o cut_v all_o close_a to_o the_o ground_n it_o be_v come_v in_o eight_o or_o nine_o year_n to_o be_v better_a worth_n than_o the_o wood_n of_o sixty_o and_o will_v in_o time_n prove_v most_o incomparable_a timber_n while_o the_o other_o part_n so_o many_o year_n advance_v shall_v never_o recover_v and_o all_o this_o from_o no_o other_o cause_n than_o preserve_v it_o fence_v judge_v then_o by_o this_o how_o our_o wood_n come_v to_o be_v so_o decry_v be_v five_o hundred_o sheep_n worthy_a the_o care_n of_o a_o shepherd_n and_o
in_o this_o work_n that_o the_o main_a bank_n be_v well_o footed_a and_o not_o make_v with_o too_o sudden_a a_o declivity_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o fall-in_a after_o frost_n and_o wet_a weather_n and_o this_o be_v good_a husbandry_n for_o moist_a ground_n but_o where_o the_o land_n lie_v high_a and_o be_v hot_a and_o gravelly_a i_o prefer_v the_o low_a fence_n which_o though_o even_o with_o the_o arëa_n itself_o may_v be_v protect_v with_o stake_n and_o a_o dry_a hedge_n the_o distance_n competent_a and_o to_o very_o good_a purpose_n of_o educate_v more_o frequent_a timber_n among_o the_o row_n 8._o your_o hedge_n be_v yet_o young_a shall_v be_v constant_o weed_v of_o bramble_n especial_o the_o great_a dock_n and_o thistle_n etc._n etc._n though_o some_o admit_v not_o of_o this_o work_n after_o michaelmas_n for_o reason_n that_o i_o approve_v not_o it_o have_v be_v the_o practice_n of_o herefordshire_n in_o the_o plantation_n of_o quick-set-hedge_n to_o plant_v a_o crab-stock_n at_o every_o twenty-foot_n distance_n and_o this_o they_o observe_v so_o religious_o as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v under_o some_o rigorous_a statute_n require_v it_o but_o by_o this_o mean_n they_o be_v provide_v in_o a_o short_a time_n with_o all_o advantage_n for_o the_o graft_n of_o fruit_n among_o they_o which_o do_v high_o recompense_v their_o industry_n some_o cut_v their_o set_v at_o three_o year_n growth_n even_o to_o the_o very_a ground_n and_o find_v that_o in_o a_o year_n or_o two_o it_o will_v have_v shoot_v as_o much_o as_o in_o seven_o have_v it_o be_v let_v alone_o 9_o when_o your_o hedge_n be_v now_o near_o six_o year_n stature_n plash_n it_o about_o february_n or_o october_n but_o this_o be_v the_o work_n of_o a_o very_a dextrous_a and_o skilful_a husbandman_n and_o for_o which_o our_o honest_a countryman_n m._n markam_fw-la give_v excellent_a direction_n only_o i_o approve_v not_o so_o well_o of_o his_o deep_a cut_n if_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o bend_v it_o have_v suffer_v in_o some_o thing_n of_o that_o kind_n it_o be_v almost_o incredible_a to_o what_o perfection_n some_o have_v lay_v these_o hedge_n by_o the_o rural_a way_n of_o plash_v better_o than_o by_o clip_v yet_o may_v both_o be_v use_v for_o ornament_n as_o where_o they_o be_v plant_v about_o our_o garden-fence_n and_o field_n near_o the_o mansion_n in_o scotland_n by_o tie_v the_o young_a shoot_n with_o band_n of_o hay_n they_o make_v the_o stem_n grow_v so_o very_o close_o together_o as_o that_o it_o enclose_v rabbit_n in_o warrens_n instead_o of_o pale_n 10._o and_o now_o since_o i_o do_v mention_v it_o and_o that_o most_o i_o find_v do_v great_o affect_v the_o vulgar_a way_n of_o quicking_v that_o this_o our_o discourse_n be_v in_o nothing_o deficient_a we_o will_v in_o brief_a give_v it_o you_o again_o after_o geo._n markams_n description_n because_o it_o be_v the_o best_a and_o most_o accurate_a although_o much_o resemble_v our_o former_a direction_n of_o which_o it_o seem_v but_o a_o repetition_n till_o he_o come_v to_o the_o plash_v in_o a_o ground_n which_o be_v more_o dry_a than_o wet_a for_o watery_a place_n it_o abhor_v plant_v your_o quick_a thus_o let_v the_o first_o row_n of_o set_v be_v place_v in_o a_o trench_n of_o about_o half_a a_o foot_n deep_a even_o with_o the_o top_n of_o your_o ditch_n in_o somewhat_o a_o slope_v or_o incline_v posture_n then_o have_v raise_v your_o bank_n near_o a_o foot_n upon_o they_o plant_v another_o row_n so_o as_o their_o top_n may_v just_o peep_v out_o over_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o space_n of_o your_o first_o row_n these_o cover_v again_o to_o the_o height_n or_o thickness_n of_o the_o other_o place_z a_o three_o rank_n opposite_a to_o the_o first_o and_o then_o finish_v your_o bank_n to_o its_o intend_a height_n the_o distance_n of_o the_o plant_n will_v not_o be_v above_o one_o foot_n and_o the_o season_n to_o do_v the_o work_n in_o may_v be_v from_o the_o entry_n of_o february_n till_o the_o end_n of_o march_n or_o else_o in_o september_n to_o the_o begin_n of_o december_n when_o this_o be_v finish_v you_o must_v guard_v both_o the_o top_n of_o your_o bank_n and_o outmost_a verge_n of_o your_o ditch_n with_o a_o sufficient_a dry-hedge_n interweave_v from_o stake_n to_o stake_v into_o the_o earth_n which_o common_o they_o do_v on_o the_o bank_n to_o secure_v your_o quick_a from_o the_o spoil_n of_o cattle_n and_o then_o be_v careful_a to_o repair_v such_o as_o decay_v or_o do_v not_o spring_v by_o supply_a the_o dead_a and_o trim_v the_o rest_n you_o shall_v after_o three_o year_n growth_n sprinkle_v some_o timber-tree_n among_o they_o such_o as_o oak_n beech_n ash_n maple_n fruit_n or_o the_o like_a which_o be_v draw_v young_a out_o of_o your_o nursery_n may_v be_v very_o easy_o insert_v but_o that_o which_o we_o affirm_v to_o require_v the_o great_a dexterity_n in_o this_o work_n be_v the_o artificial_a plash_v of_o our_o hedge_n when_o it_o be_v now_o arrive_v to_o a_o six_o or_o 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a_o hedge_n and_o so_o let_v it_o stand_v one_o shall_v often_o find_v in_o this_o work_n especial_o in_o old_a neglect_a hedge_n some_o great_a tree_n or_o stub_n that_o common_o make_v gap_n for_o cattle_n such_o shall_v be_v cut_v so_o near_o the_o earth_n as_o till_o you_o can_v lay_v they_o thwart_v that_o the_o top_n of_o one_o may_v rest_v on_o the_o root_n or_o stub_n of_o the_o other_o as_o far_o as_o they_o extend_v stop_v the_o cavity_n with_o its_o bough_n and_o branch_n and_o thus_o hedge_n which_o seem_v to_o consist_v but_o only_o of_o scrubby-tree_n and_o stump_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o a_o tolerable_a fence_n we_o have_v be_v the_o long_o on_o these_o description_n because_o it_o be_v of_o main_a importance_n and_o that_o so_o few_o
first_o who_o bring_v it_o into_o use_n and_o reputation_n in_o this_o kingdom_n for_o the_o most_o beautiful_a and_o useful_a of_o hedge_n and_o verdure_n in_o the_o world_n the_o swiftness_n of_o the_o growth_n consider_v and_o propagate_v it_o from_o cornwall_n even_o to_o cumberland_n the_o seed_n grow_n ripe_a with_o we_o in_o august_n and_o the_o hony-breathing_a blossom_n afford_v a_o early_a and_o mervellous_a relief_n to_o the_o bee_n 8._o all_o the_o phillyrea's_n be_v yet_o more_o hardy_a phillyrea_n which_o make_v i_o wonder_n to_o find_v the_o angustifolia_n plant_v in_o case_n and_o so_o charâ—ly_o set_v into_o the_o stove_n among_o the_o orange_n and_o lemon_n when_o by_o long_a experience_n i_o have_v find_v it_o equal_a our_o holly_n in_o suffer_v the_o extreme_a rigour_n of_o our_o cruel_a frost_n and_o wind_n which_o be_v doubtless_o of_o all_o our_o english_a tree_n the_o most_o insensible_a and_o stout_a 9_o they_o be_v both_o alaternus_n and_o this_o raise_v of_o the_o seed_n though_o those_o of_o the_o phillyrea_n will_v be_v long_o under_o ground_n and_o be_v transplant_v for_o espalier_n hedge_n or_o standard_n be_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o shears_o as_o oft_o as_o there_o be_v occasion_n the_o alaternus_n will_v be_v up_o in_o one_o month_n after_o it_o be_v sow_v plant_v it_o out_o at_o two_o year_n growth_n and_o clip_v it_o after_o rain_n in_o the_o spring_n before_o it_o grow_n sticky_a and_o while_o the_o shoot_n be_v tender_a thus_o will_v it_o form_v a_o hedge_n though_o plant_v but_o in_o single_a row_n and_o at_o two_o foot_n distance_n of_o a_o yard_n in_o thickness_n twenty_o foot_n high_a if_o you_o desire_v it_o and_o furnish_v to_o the_o bottom_n but_o for_o a_o hedge_n of_o this_o altitude_n it_o will_v require_v the_o friendship_n of_o some_o wall_n or_o a_o frame_n of_o lusty_a pole_n to_o secure_v against_o the_o wind_n one_o of_o the_o most_o delicious_a object_n in_o nature_n but_o if_o we_o can_v have_v store_n of_o the_o phillyrea_n folio_fw-la leviter_fw-la serrato_fw-la of_o which_o i_o have_v raise_v some_o very_a fine_a plant_n from_o the_o seed_n we_o may_v fear_v no_o weather_n and_o the_o verdure_n be_v incomparable_a 10._o granadâ—_n the_o culture_n of_o the_o granade_n of_o which_o be_v three_o sort_n do_v little_o differ_v from_o that_o of_o the_o alaternus_n of_o which_o we_o may_v raise_v considerable_a hedge_n on_o all_o our_o southern_a aspect_n they_o have_v support_v that_o most_o unmerciful_a winter_n in_o sixty_o three_o without_o any_o artifice_n and_o if_o they_o yield_v we_o their_o flower_n for_o our_o pain_n of_o well_o prune_v and_o recision_n for_o they_o must_v diligent_o be_v purge_v of_o their_o wood_n it_o be_v a_o glorious_a recompense_n i_o plant_v they_o in_o my_o hedgerow_n even_o among_o the_o quick_a but_o to_o have_v they_o thrive_v you_o must_v loosen_v the_o earth_n at_o root_n and_o enrich_v it_o both_o spring_n and_o autumn_n leave_v but_o a_o few_o woody_a branch_n there_o be_v no_o tree_n so_o adulterous_a as_o this_o shrub_n and_o best_a by_o layer_n approach_v and_o inarch_v as_o they_o call_v it_o and_o thence_o it_o be_v say_v to_o marry_v with_o laurel_n damson_n ash_n almond_n mulberry_n citron_n etc._n etc._n too_o many_o i_o fear_v to_o hold_v if_o you_o will_v plant_v they_o in_o garden_n to_o best_a advantage_n keep_v they_o to_o one_o stem_n and_o enrich_v the_o mould_n with_o hog_n dung_n well_o consume_v which_o they_o great_o delight_v in_o myrtil_n 11._o the_o vulgar_a italian_a wild_a myrtil_n though_o not_o indeed_o the_o most_o fragrant_a grow_v high_a and_o support_v all_o weather_n i_o know_v of_o one_o near_o fifty_o year_n old_a which_o have_v be_v continual_o expose_v unless_o it_o be_v that_o in_o some_o exceed_a sharp_a season_n a_o little_a dry_a straw_n have_v be_v throw_v upon_o it_o and_o where_o they_o be_v smite_v be_v cut_v down_o near_o the_o ground_n they_o put_v forth_o and_o recover_v again_o 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of_o the_o leaf_n of_o the_o lentisc_n be_v make_v the_o best_a tooth-picker_n in_o the_o world_n and_o the_o mastic_n or_o gum_n be_v of_o excellent_a use_n especial_o for_o the_o tooth_n and_o gum_n 13._o i_o may_v to_o these_o add_v lignum_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la the_o aethiopic_n seseli_fw-la halimus_n latifolius_n laurus_fw-la tinus_fw-la celastâ—us_fw-la etc._n etc._n fit_a for_o the_o shrubby_a part_n and_o under-furniture_n of_o our_o ever_o green_a grove_n and_o near_o our_o garden_n of_o pleasure_n but_o 14._o i_o produce_v not_o these_o particular_n and_o other_o amoena_fw-la vireta_fw-la already_o mention_v as_o signify_v any_o thing_n to_o timber_n the_o main_a design_n of_o this_o treatise_n though_o i_o read_v of_o some_o myrtil_v so_o tall_a as_o to_o make_v spear_n shaft_n but_o to_o exemplify_v in_o what_o may_v be_v far_o add_v to_o ornament_n and_o pleasure_n by_o a_o cheap_a and_o most_o agreeable_a industry_n the_o berry_n of_o myrtil_n be_v use_v of_o old_a in_o stead_n of_o pepper_n jasmine_n 15._o the_o common_a white_a and_o yellow_a jasmine_n will_v flower_n plentiful_o in_o our_o wood_n and_o as_o hardy_a as_o any_o of_o the_o periclimena_n how_o it_o be_v propagate_v by_o submersion_n or_o layer_n every_o gardener_n skill_v and_o if_o it_o be_v as_o much_o employ_v for_o nose_n gay_n etc._n etc._n with_o we_o as_o it_o be_v in_o france_n and_o italy_n they_o may_v make_v money_n enough_o of_o the_o flower_n one_o sorry_a tree_n in_o paris_n where_o they_o abound_v have_v be_v worth_a to_o a_o poor_a woman_n near_o twenty_o shilling_n in_o a_o year_n chap._n xxvi_o of_o the_o acacia_n arbutus_fw-la bays_n box_n yew_n holly_n juniper_n and_o laurel-tree_n 1._o the_o french_a have_v late_o bring_v in_o the_o virginian_a acacia_n acacia_n which_o exceed_o adorn_v their_o walk_n the_o tree_n be_v hardy_a against_o all_o the_o invasion_n of_o our_o sharp_a season_n but_o our_o high_a wind_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o brittle_a nature_n it_o do_v not_o so_o well_o resist_v and_o the_o root_n which_o insinuate_v and_o run_v like_o liquorize_v under_o ground_n be_v apt_a to_o emaciate_a the_o soil_n and_o therefore_o haply_o not_o so_o commendable_a in_o our_o garden_n as_o they_o will_v be_v agreeable_a for_o variety_n of_o walk_n and_o shade_n they_o thrive_v well_o in_o his_o majesty_n new_a plantation_n in_o st._n james_n park_n 2._o but_o why_o do_v we_o thus_o neglect_v the_o arbutus_n arbutus_fw-la and_o make_v that_o such_o a_o rarity_n which_o grow_v so_o common_a and_o so_o natural_o in_o ireland_n it_o be_v indeed_o with_o some_o difficulty_n raise_v from_o the_o seed_n but_o it_o may_v be_v propagate_v from_o the_o layer_n grow_v to_o a_o goodly_a tree_n be_v patient_a of_o our_o severe_a wether_n and_o may_v be_v contrive_v into_o most_o beautiful_a hedge_n virgil_n report_v it_o will_v inoculate_v with_o the_o nut_n and_o i_o find_v bauhinus_n commend_v the_o coal_n for_o goldsmith_n work_n and_o the_o poet_n arbutean_a harrow_n and_o the_o mystic_a van._n arbuteae_n crate_v &_o mystica_fw-la vannus_fw-la jacchi_fw-la georg._n 1._o 3._o bay_n be_v increase_v both_o of_o their_o sucker_n and_o seed_n bay_n which_o shall_v be_v dropping-ripe_a ere_o gather_v pliny_n have_v a_o particular_a process_n for_o the_o order_n of_o the_o seed_n and_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v reject_v which_o be_v the_o gather_v the_o berry_n in_o january_n and_o spread_v they_o till_o their_o sweat_n be_v over_o then_o he_o put_v they_o in_o dung_n and_o sow_v they_o as_o for_o the_o steep_v in_o wine_n water_n do_v altogether_o as_o well_o other_o wash_v the_o seed_n from_o their_o mucilage_n by_o break_v and_o bruise_v the_o glutinous_a berry_n then_o sow_v they_o in_o march_n by_o score_n in_o a_o heap_n and_o indeed_o so_o they_o will_v come_v up_o in_o cluster_n but_o nothing_o
thirteen_o foot_n diameter_n at_o the_o kerf_n or_o cut_v place_n near_o the_o root_n in_o the_o same_o park_n two_o year_n since_o mr._n sittwell_n with_o jo._n magson_n do_v choose_v a_o tree_n which_o after_o it_o be_v cut_v and_o say_v aside_o flat_a upon_o a_o level_a ground_n sam._n staniforth_n a_o keeper_n and_o ed._n morphy_n both_o on_o horseback_n can_v not_o see_v over_o the_o tree_n one_o another_o hat-crown_n this_o tree_n be_v afterward_o sell_v for_o 20_o li._n in_o the_o same_o park_n near_o the_o old_a ford_n be_v a_o oak-tree_n yet_o stand_v of_o ten_o yard_n circumference_n halton_n in_o the_o same_o park_n below_o the_o conduit_n plain_a be_v a_o oak-tree_n which_o bear_v a_o top_n who_o bough_n shoot_v from_o the_o boal_n some_o fifteen_o and_o some_o sixteen_o yard_n then_o admit_v 15½_n yard_n for_o the_o common_a or_o mean_a extent_n of_o the_o bough_n from_o the_o boal_n which_o be_v double_v be_v 31_o yard_n and_o if_o it_o be_v imagine_v for_o a_o diameter_n 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shrubb_n that_o grow_v cut_v bramble_n up_o and_o the_o ferne_n mow_v qui_fw-la serere_fw-la ingenuum_fw-la volet_fw-la agrum_fw-la liberat_fw-la prius_fw-la arva_fw-la fruticibus_fw-la false_a rubos_fw-la filicemque_fw-la resecat_fw-la both_o l._n 2._o meâ—_n this_o do_v let_v it_o be_v break_v up_o the_o winter_n before_o you_o sow_v to_o mellow_v it_o especial_o if_o it_o be_v a_o clay_n and_o then_o the_o furrow_n will_v be_v make_v deep_o or_o so_o at_o least_o as_o you_o will_v prepare_v it_o for_o wheat_n or_o you_o may_v trench_v it_o with_o the_o spade_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o will_v the_o easy_o be_v cleanse_v of_o whatsoever_o may_v obstruct_v the_o put_n forth_o and_o insinuate_v of_o the_o tender_a root_n then_o have_v give_v it_o a_o second_o stir_v immediate_o before_o you_o sow_v cast_v and_o dispose_v it_o into_o rill_n or_o small_a narrow_a trench_n of_o four_o or_o five_o
ill-exampled_n art_n with_o insititious_a fruit_n to_o symbolize_v as_o in_o a_o emblem_n our_o adultery_n foelix_fw-la illa_fw-la aetas_fw-la mundi_fw-la justissima_fw-la nymph_n cum_fw-la dabat_fw-la umbra_fw-la domum_fw-la vivam_fw-la tua_fw-la cum_fw-la domus_fw-la ipsa_fw-la deciduâ_fw-la dominos_fw-la pascebat_fw-la fruge_fw-la quietos_fw-la soláque_fw-la praebebaut_fw-fr sylvestria_fw-la poma_fw-la secundas_fw-la gramineis_fw-la epulas_fw-la mensis_fw-la nondum_fw-la arte_fw-la magistrâ_fw-la arbour_n adulteriis_fw-la praeluserat_fw-la iusita_fw-la nostris_fw-la etc._n etc._n couleii_n pl._n l._n 6._o as_o the_o sweet_a poet_n bespeak_v the_o dryad_n but_o it_o be_v in_o another_o place_n where_o i_o show_v you_o what_o this_o acorn_n be_v and_o even_o now_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o those_o small_a young_a acorn_n which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o stock-dove_n craw_n be_v a_o delicious_a fare_n as_o well_o as_o those_o incomparable_a salad_n of_o young_a herb_n take_v out_o of_o the_o maw_n of_o partridge_n at_o a_o certain_a season_n of_o the_o year_n which_o give_v they_o a_o preparation_n far_o exceed_v all_o the_o art_n of_o cookery_n oak_n bear_v also_o a_o knur_v full_a of_o a_o cottony_n matter_n of_o which_o they_o ancient_o make_v wick_n for_o their_o lamp_n and_o candle_n and_o among_o the_o selectiora_fw-la remedia_fw-la of_o jo._n praevotius_fw-la there_o be_v mention_n of_o a_o oil_n è_fw-fr querna_fw-la glande_n chemical_o extract_v which_o he_o affirm_v to_o be_v of_o the_o long_a continuance_n and_o least_o consumptive_a of_o any_o other_o whatsoever_o for_o such_o light_n ita_fw-la ut_fw-la uncia_fw-la singulis_fw-la mensibus_fw-la vix_fw-la absumatur_fw-la continuo_fw-la igne_fw-la the_o leaf_n of_o oak_n abundant_o congest_v on_o snow_n preserve_v it_o as_o well_o for_o wine_n as_o a_o deep_a pit_n or_o the_o most_o artificial_a refrigeratory_n varro_n affirm_v they_o make_v salt_n of_o oak_n ash_n with_o which_o they_o sometime_o season_v 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physic_n young_a red_a oaken_n leave_v decoct_v in_o wine_n make_v a_o excellent_a gargoyle_n for_o a_o sore_a mouth_n and_o almost_o every_o part_n of_o this_o tree_n be_v sovereign_a against_o flux_n in_o general_n the_o dew_n that_o impearl_n the_o leaf_n in_o may_n insolate_v meteorize_v and_o send_v up_o a_o liquor_n which_o be_v of_o admirable_a effect_n in_o rupture_n and_o a_o water_n distil_v from_o the_o acorn_n be_v good_a against_o the_o physic_n stitch_n in_o the_o side_n and_o heal_v inward_a ulcer_n break_v the_o stone_n and_o refrigerates_n inflammation_n be_v apply_v with_o linen_n dip_v therein_o nay_o the_o acorn_n themselves_o eat_v fast_v kill_v the_o worm_n provoke_v urine_n and_o some_o affirm_v break_v even_o the_o stone_n itself_o the_o coal_n of_o oak_n beat_v and_o mingle_v with_o honey_n cure_v the_o carbuncle_n to_o say_v nothing_o of_o the_o viscous's_n polypods_n and_o other_o exerescence_n of_o which_o innumerable_a remedy_n be_v compose_v noble_a antidote_n syrup_n etc._n etc._n nay_o it_o be_v report_v that_o the_o very_a shade_n of_o this_o tree_n be_v so_o wholesome_a that_o the_o sleep_a or_o lie_v under_o it_o become_v a_o present_a remedy_n to_o paralytick_n and_o recover_v those_o who_o the_o mistake_a malign_a influence_n of_o the_o walnut-tree_n have_v smite_v to_o conclude_v and_o upon_o serious_a meditation_n of_o the_o various_a use_n of_o this_o and_o other_o tree_n we_o can_v but_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o admirable_a mechanism_n of_o vegetable_n in_o general_a as_o in_o particular_a in_o this_o species_n that_o by_o the_o diversity_n of_o percolation_n and_o strainer_n and_o by_o mixture_n as_o it_o be_v of_o divine_a chemistry_n various_a concoction_n etc._n etc._n the_o sap_n shall_v be_v so_o green_a on_o the_o indent_a leaf_n so_o lusty_o esculent_n for_o our_o hardy_a and_o rustic_a constitution_n in_o the_o fruit_n so_o flat_a and_o palid_a in_o the_o atramental_a gall_n and_o haply_o so_o prognostic_n in_o the_o apple_n so_o suberous_a in_o the_o bark_n for_o even_o the_o cork_n tree_n be_v but_o a_o courser_n oak_n so_o oozie_n in_o the_o tanner_n pit_n and_o in_o that_o subduction_n so_o wonderful_o specific_a in_o corroborate_n the_o entrail_n and_o bladder_n reins_o loin_n back_o etc._n etc._n which_o be_v all_o but_o the_o gift_n and_o quality_n with_o many_o more_o that_o these_o robu_v son_n of_o the_o earth_n afford_v we_o and_o that_o in_o other_o specific's_n even_o the_o most_o despicable_a and_o vulgar_a elder_n impart_v to_o we_o in_o its_o rind_n leaf_n bud_n blossom_n berry_n ear_n pith_n bark_n etc._n etc._n which_o hint_n may_v also_o carry_v our_o remark_n upon_o all_o the_o variety_n of_o shape_n leaf_n seed_n fruit_n timber_n grain_n colour_n and_o all_o those_o other_o form_n that_o philosopher_n have_v enumerate_v but_o which_o be_v here_o too_o injurious_a for_o we_o to_o repeat_v let_v we_o end_v with_o the_o poet_n when_o ship_n for_o bloody_a combat_n we_o prepare_v oak_n afford_v plank_n and_o arm_n our_o man_n of_o war_n maintain_v our_o fire_n make_v blow_n to_o till_o the_o ground_n for_o use_v no_o timber_n like_o the_o oak_n be_v find_v si_fw-mi quando_fw-la armandae_fw-la nave_n &_o bella_fw-la paranda_fw-la det_fw-la quercus_fw-la nautis_fw-la tabulata_fw-la det_fw-la arma_fw-la furorè_fw-la bellantum_fw-la det_fw-la ligna_fw-la foco_fw-la det_fw-la aratra_fw-la colono_fw-la aut_fw-la aliis_fw-la alios_fw-la porro_fw-la sumatur_fw-la in_o usus_fw-la rapinus_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o elm._n elm._n 1._o ulmus_n the_o elm_n there_o be_v four_o or_o five_o sort_n and_o from_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o air_n divers_a spurious_a two_o of_o these_o kind_n be_v most_o worthy_a our_o culture_n the_o vulgar_a viz._n the_o mountain_n elm_n which_o be_v take_v to_o be_v the_o oriptelea_n of_o theophrastus_n be_v of_o a_o less_o jagged_a and_o small_a leaf_n and_o the_o vernacula_fw-la or_o french_a elm_n who_o leaf_n be_v thick_a and_o more_o florid_n glabrous_a and_o smooth_a delight_v in_o the_o low_a and_o moist_a ground_n where_o they_o will_v sometime_o rise_v to_o above_o a_o hundred_o foot_n in_o height_n and_o a_o prodigious_a growth_n in_o less_o than_o a_o age_n myself_o have_v see_v one_o plant_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o countess_n yet_o live_v which_o be_v near_o twelve_o foot_n in_o compass_n and_o of_o a_o height_n proportionable_a notwithstanding_o the_o numerous_a progeny_n which_o grow_v under_o the_o shade_n of_o it_o some_z whereof_o be_v at_o least_o a_o foot_n in_o diameter_n that_o for_o want_v of_o be_v seasonable_o transplant_v must_v needs_o have_v hinder_v the_o procerity_n of_o their_o ample_a and_o indulgent_a mother_n i_o be_o persuade_v some_o of_o these_o be_v viviradices_fw-la &_o traduce_v produce_v of_o the_o fall_a seed_n 2._o for_o though_o both_o these_o sort_n be_v raise_v of_o appendix_n or_o sucker_n as_o anon_o we_o shall_v describe_v yet_o this_o latter_a come_v well_o from_o the_o samera_fw-la or_o seeds_n and_o therefore_o i_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v the_o ancient_a attinea_n for_o such_o a_o elm_n they_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v raise_v of_o seed_n which_o be_v ripe_a about_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n though_o frequent_o not_o till_o the_o follow_a month_n will_v produce_v they_o as_o we_o see_v abundant_o in_o the_o garden_n of_o the_o thuyllery_n and_o that_o of_o luxembourg_n at_o paris_n where_o they_o usual_o sow_v themselves_o and_o come_v up_o very_o thick_a and_o so_o do_v they_o in_o many_o place_n of_o our_o country_n though_o so_o seldom_o take_v notice_n of_o as_o that_o it_o be_v esteem_v a_o fable_n by_o the_o less_o observant_a and_o ignorant_a vulgar_a let_v it_o be_v try_v in_o season_n by_o turn_v and_o rake_v some_o fine_a earth_n often_o refresh_v under_o some_o ample_o spread_a tree_n or_o to_o raise_v they_o of_o their_o seed_n be_v well_o dry_v a_o day_n or_o two_o before_o sprinkle_v in_o bed_n prepare_v of_o good_a earth_n and_o sieft_v some_o of_o the_o fine_a mould_n thin_o
sapling_n whereof_o rafter_n spars_n etc._n etc._n be_v make_v will_v continue_v as_o long_o as_o the_o very_a heart_n of_o the_o tree_n without_o decay_n in_o this_o work_n cut_v your_o kerse_n near_o to_o the_o ground_n but_o have_v a_o care_n that_o it_o suffer_v not_o in_o the_o fall_n and_o be_v ruin_v with_o its_o own_o weight_n this_o depend_v upon_o your_o woodmans_n judgement_n in_o disbranch_a and_o be_v a_o necessary_a caution_n to_o the_o felling_n of_o all_o other_o timber-tree_n if_o any_o begin_v to_o dote_v pick_v out_o such_o for_o the_o axe_n and_o rather_o trust_v to_o its_o successor_n 15._o elm_n be_v a_o timber_n of_o most_o singular_a use_n especial_o where_o it_o may_v lie_v continual_o dry_a or_o wet_a in_o extreme_n therefore_o proper_a for_o water-work_n mill_n pipe_n pump_n aqueducts_a ship-plank_n beneath_o the_o waterline_n and_o some_o that_o have_v be_v find_v bury_v in_o bogs_n have_v turn_v like_o the_o most_o polish_a and_o hard_a ebony_n only_o discern_v by_o the_o grain_n also_o for_o wheelwrights_a handle_v for_o the_o single_a handsaw_a the_o knotty_a for_o nave_n the_o straight_a and_o smooth_a for_o axeltree_n and_o the_o very_a root_n for_o curious_o dapple_a work_n scarce_o have_v any_o superior_a for_o kerbs_n of_o copper_n featheridge_n and_o weather-board_n chopping-block_n block_n for_o the_o hatmaker_n trunk_n and_o box_n to_o be_v cover_v with_o leather_n for_o dresser_n and_o shovel-board-table_n of_o great_a length_n and_o a_o lustrous_a colour_n if_o right_o season_v also_o for_o the_o carver_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o grain_n and_o toughness_n which_o fit_v it_o for_o all_o those_o curious_a work_n of_o fruitage_n foleage_v shield_n statue_n and_o most_o of_o the_o ornament_n appertain_v to_o the_o order_n of_o architecture_n and_o for_o not_o be_v much_o subject_n to_o warp_a i_o find_v that_o of_o old_a they_o use_v it_o even_o for_o hinge_n and_o hook_n of_o door_n but_o then_o that_o part_n of_o the_o plank_n which_o grow_v towards_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v in_o work_n to_o be_v always_o reverse_v but_o beside_o these_o and_o sundry_a other_o employment_n it_o make_v also_o the_o second_o sort_n of_o charcoal_n and_o final_o which_o i_o must_v not_o omit_v the_o use_n of_o the_o very_a leaf_n of_o this_o tree_n especial_o of_o the_o female_a be_v not_o to_o be_v despise_v for_o be_v suffer_v to_o dry_a in_o the_o sun_n upon_o the_o branch_n and_o the_o spray_n stripe_v off_o about_o the_o decrease_n in_o august_n as_o also_o where_o the_o sucker_n and_o stolone_n be_v super-numerary_a and_o hinder_v the_o thrive_a of_o their_o nurse_n they_o will_v prove_v a_o great_a relief_n to_o cattle_n in_o winter_n and_o scorch_a summer_n when_o hay_n and_o fodder_n be_v dear_a they_o will_v eat_v they_o before_o oat_n and_o thrive_v exceed_o well_o with_o they_o remember_v only_o to_o lay_v your_o bough_n up_o in_o some_o dry_a and_o sweet_a corner_n of_o your_o barn_n it_o be_v for_o this_o the_o poet_n praise_v they_o and_o the_o epithet_n be_v advise_v fruitful_a in_o leaf_n the_o elm._n foecundae_fw-la frondibus_fw-la vlmi_fw-la georg._n 2._o in_o some_o part_n of_o herefordshire_n they_o gather_v they_o in_o sack_n for_o their_o swine_n and_o other_o cattle_n according_a to_o this_o husbandry_n but_o i_o hear_v a_o ill_a report_n of_o they_o for_o bee_n that_o surfeit_v of_o the_o bloom_a seed_n they_o be_v obnoxious_a to_o the_o lask_n at_o their_o first_o go_v abroad_o in_o spring_n which_o endanger_v whole_a stockâ—_n if_o remedy_n be_v not_o timely_o adhibit_v therefore_o it_o be_v say_v in_o great_a elm_n country_n they_o do_v not_o thrive_v but_o the_o truth_n of_o which_o i_o be_o yet_o to_o learn_v the_o green_a leaf_n of_o the_o elm_n contuse_v heal_v a_o green_a wound_n or_o cut_v and_o boil_a with_o the_o bark_n consolidate_n fracture_v bone_n chap._n v._o of_o the_o beech._n 1._o the_o beech_n fagus_n of_o two_o or_o three_o kind_n and_o number_v among_o the_o glandiferous_a tree_n beech_n i_o rank_v here_o before_o the_o martial_a ash_n because_o it_o common_o grow_v to_o a_o great_a stature_n but_o here_o i_o may_v not_o omit_v a_o note_n of_o the_o accurate_a critis_n palmerius_n 9_o upon_o a_o passage_n in_o theophrastus_n where_o he_o animadvert_v upon_o his_o interpreter_n and_o show_v that_o the_o ancient_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v by_o no_o mean_n the_o beech_n but_o a_o kind_n of_o oak_n for_o that_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o fruit_n be_v so_o wide_o unlike_o it_o that_o be_v round_o this_o triangular_a and_o both_o theophrastus_n and_o pausanias_n make_v it_o indeed_o a_o species_n of_o oak_n arcad._n whole_o differ_v in_o trunk_n as_o well_o as_o fruit_n and_o leaf_n to_o which_o he_o add_v what_o determine_v the_o controversy_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n that_o it_o be_v of_o a_o firm_a timber_n not_o obnoxious_a to_o the_o worm_n neither_o of_o which_o can_v so_o confident_o be_v say_v of_o the_o beech._n yet_o la_fw-fr cerda_n too_o seem_v guilty_a of_o the_o same_o mistake_n but_o leave_v this_o there_o be_v of_o our_o fagi_fw-la too_o or_o three_o kind_n with_o we_o the_o mountain_n where_o it_o most_o affect_v to_o grow_v which_o be_v the_o white_a and_o most_o seek_v after_o by_o the_o turner_n and_o the_o campestral_a or_o wild_a which_o be_v of_o a_o black_a colour_n and_o more_o durable_a they_o be_v both_o to_o be_v raise_v from_o the_o mast_n and_o govern_v like_o the_o oak_n of_o which_o ample_o and_o that_o be_v absolute_o the_o best_a way_n of_o furnish_v a_o wood_n but_o they_o be_v likewise_o to_o be_v plant_v of_o young_a seedling_n to_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o fruitful_a tree_n abound_v in_o transplant_n they_o cut_v off_o only_o the_o bough_n and_o bruise_a part_n two_o inch_n from_o the_o stem_n to_o within_o a_o yard_n of_o the_o top_n but_o be_v very_o spare_v of_o the_o root_n this_o for_o such_o as_o be_v of_o pretty_a stature_n they_o make_v spread_a tree_n and_o noble_a shade_n with_o their_o well-furnished_a and_o glister_a leaf_n be_v set_v at_o forty_o foot_n distance_n but_o they_o grow_v tall_a and_o more_o upright_o in_o the_o forest_n where_o i_o have_v behold_v they_o at_o eight_o and_o ten_o foot_n shoot_v into_o very_o long_a pole_n but_o neither_o so_o apt_a for_o timber_n nor_o fuel_n in_o the_o valley_n where_o they_o stand_v warm_a and_o in_o consort_n they_o will_v grow_v to_o a_o stupendous_a procerity_n though_o the_o soil_n be_v stony_a and_o very_a barren_a also_o upon_o the_o declivity_n side_n and_o top_n of_o high_a hill_n and_o chalky_a mountain_n especial_o for_o they_o will_v strange_o insinuate_v their_o root_n into_o the_o bowel_n of_o those_o seem_o impenetrable_a place_n not_o much_o unlike_o the_o fir_n itself_o which_o with_o this_o so_o common_a tree_n the_o great_a caesar_n deny_v to_o be_v find_v in_o britanny_n materia_fw-la cujusque_fw-la generis_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o gallia_n praeter_fw-la fagum_fw-la &_o abietem_fw-la but_o certain_o from_o a_o grand_a mistake_n or_o rather_o for_o that_o he_o have_v not_o travel_v much_o up_o into_o the_o country_n virgil_n report_v it_o will_v graft_v with_o the_o chestnut_n 2._o the_o beech_n serve_v for_o various_a use_v of_o the_o housewife_n hence_o in_o the_o world_n best_a year_n the_o humble_a shed_n be_v happy_o and_o full_o furnish_v beech_n make_v their_o chest_n their_o bed_n and_o the_o joyn'd-stool_n beech_n make_v the_o board_n the_o platter_n and_o the_o bowl_n hinc_fw-la olim_fw-la juvenis_fw-la mundi_fw-la melioribus_fw-la annis_fw-la fortunatarum_fw-la domuum_fw-la non_fw-la magna_fw-la supeliex_n tota_n petebatur_fw-la sellas_fw-la armaria_n lectos_fw-la et_fw-la mensas_fw-la dabat_fw-la &_o lance_n &_o pocula_fw-la fagus_n etc._n etc._n couleij_fw-la pl._n l._n 6._o with_o it_o the_o turner_n make_v dish_n tray_n rimb_n for_o bucket_n and_o other_o utensil_n trencher_n dresser-board_n etc._n etc._n likewise_o for_o the_o wheeler_n joyner_n and_o upholster_n for_o sellye_n chair_n stool_n bedstead_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o bellows-maker_n and_o husbandman_n his_o shovel_n and_o spade-graffs_a float_v for_o fisher_n net_n instead_o of_o cork_n be_v make_v of_o its_o bark_n for_o fuel_n billet_v bavin_n and_o coal_n though_o one_o of_o the_o least_o last_a not_o to_o omit_v even_o the_o very_a shave_n for_o the_o fine_v of_o wine_n peter_n cresentius_n write_v that_o the_o ash_n of_o beech_n with_o proper_a mixture_n be_v excellent_a to_o make_v glass_n with_o if_o the_o timber_n lie_v altogether_o under_o water_n it_o be_v little_a inferior_a to_o elm_n as_o i_o find_v it_o practise_v and_o assert_v by_o shipwright_n of_o old_a they_o make_v their_o vasa_n vindimiatoria_n and_o corbes_n messoriae_n as_o we_o our_o pot_n for_o strawberry_n with_o the_o
grating_n of_o old_a and_o hard_a nut_n first_o peel_v into_o their_o tart_n and_o other_o meat_n for_o the_o oil_n one_o bushel_n of_o nut_n will_v yield_v fifteen_o pound_n of_o peel_v and_o clear_a kernel_n and_o that_o half_a as_o much_o oil_n which_o the_o soon_o be_v draw_v be_v the_o more_o in_o quantity_n though_o the_o dryer_n the_o nut_n the_o better_a in_o quality_n the_o lees_n or_o marc_n of_o the_o press_v be_v excellent_a to_o fatten_v hog_n with_o after_o the_o nut_n be_v beat_v down_o the_o leaf_n will_v be_v swepe_v into_o heap_n and_o carry_v away_o because_o their_o extreme_a bitterness_n impair_v the_o ground_n and_o as_o i_o be_o assure_v prejudices_fw-la the_o tree_n the_o green_a husk_n boil_a make_v a_o good_a colour_n to_o die_v a_o dark_a yellow_a without_o any_o mixture_n and_o the_o distillation_n of_o its_o leaf_n with_o honey_n and_o urine_n make_v hair_n spring_n in_o bald-head_n beside_o its_o use_n in_o the_o famous_a salernitan_a antidote_n if_o the_o 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treat_v in_o the_o seminary_n 3._o in_o country_n where_o they_o cultivate_v they_o for_o the_o silkworm_n and_o other_o use_n they_o sow_v the_o perfect_o mature_a berrys_n of_o a_o tree_n who_o leave_n have_v not_o be_v gather_v these_o they_o shake_v down_o upon_o a_o old_a sheet_n spread_v under_o the_o tree_n to_o protect_v they_o from_o gravel_n and_o ordure_n which_o will_v hinder_v you_o from_o discern_v the_o seed_n if_o they_o be_v not_o ripe_a lay_v they_o to_o mature_a upon_o shelf_n but_o by_o no_o mean_n till_o they_o corrupt_v to_o prevent_v which_o turn_v they_o daily_o then_o put_v they_o in_o a_o fine_a siev_n and_o plunge_v it_o in_o water_n bruise_v they_o with_o your_o hand_n do_v this_o in_o several_a water_n then_o change_v they_o in_o other_o clear_a water_n and_o the_o seed_n will_v sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n whilst_o the_o pulp_n swim_v and_o must_v be_v take_v off_o careful_o this_o do_v lay_v they_o to_o dry_v in_o the_o sun_n upon_o a_o linen_n cloth_n 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raise_v a_o little_a high_o than_o the_o area_n as_o they_o make_v the_o bed_n for_o ordinary_a potherb_n to_o keep_v they_o loose_v and_o warm_a and_o in_o such_o bed_n you_o may_v sow_v seed_n as_o you_o do_v purslane_n mingle_v with_o some_o fine_a earth_n and_o thin_o cover_v and_o then_o for_o a_o fortnight_n strew_v over_o with_o straw_n to_o protect_v they_o both_o from_o sudden_a heat_n and_o from_o bird_n the_o season_n be_v april_n or_o may_n though_o some_o forbear_v even_o till_o july_n and_o august_n and_o in_o the_o second_o quarter_n of_o the_o moon_n the_o wether_n calm_a and_o serene_a at_o the_o beginning_n keep_v they_o moderate_o fresh_a not_o over_o wet_a and_o clean_o weed_v secure_v from_o the_o rigour_n of_o frost_n the_o second_o year_n of_o their_o growth_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o october_n or_o early_a spring_n draw_v they_o gentle_o out_o prune_v the_o root_n and_o dip_v they_o a_o little_a in_o pond-water_n transplant_v they_o in_o a_o warm_a place_n or_o nursery_n it_o be_v best_a range_v they_o in_o drill_v two_o foot_n large_a and_o one_o in_o depth_n each_o rill_n three_o foot_n distance_n and_o each_o plant_v two_o and_o if_o thus_o the_o new_a earth_n be_v somewhat_o low_a than_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o rest_n it_o will_v the_o better_o receive_v the_o rain_n be_v plant_v cut_v they_o all_o within_o three_o inch_n of_o the_o ground_n water_v they_o not_o in_o winter_n but_o in_o extreme_a necessity_n and_o when_o the_o weather_n be_v warm_a and_o then_o do_v it_o in_o the_o morning_n in_o this_o cold_a season_n you_o shall_v do_v well_o to_o cover_v the_o ground_n with_o the_o leave_n of_o tree_n straw_n or_o short_a litty_a to_o keep_v they_o warm_a and_o every_o year_n you_o shall_v give_v they_o three_o dress_n or_o half_a digging_n viz._n in_o april_n june_n and_o in_o august_n this_o for_o the_o first_o year_n still_o after_o rain_n the_o second_o spring_n after_o transplant_n purge_v they_o of_o all_o superfluous_a shoot_n and_o stion_n reserve_v only_o the_o most_o towardly_a for_o the_o future_a stem_n this_o to_o be_v do_v yearly_o as_o long_o as_o they_o continue_v in_o the_o nursery_n and_o if_o of_o the_o principal_a stem_n so_o leave_v the_o frost_n mortify_v any_o part_n cut_v it_o off_o and_o continue_v this_o government_n till_o they_o be_v near_o six_o foot_n high_a after_o which_o suffer_v they_o to_o spread_v into_o head_n by_o discreet_o prune_v and_o fashion_v they_o but_o if_o you_o plant_v where_o cattle_n may_v endanger_v they_o the_o stem_n have_v need_n be_v tall_a for_o they_o be_v extreme_o liquorish_a of_o the_o leaf_n 4._o when_o now_o they_o be_v about_o five_o year_n growth_n you_o may_v transplant_v they_o without_o cut_v the_o root_n provide_v you_o irradicate_v they_o with_o care_n only_o trim_v the_o head_n a_o little_a the_o season_n be_v from_o september_n to_o november_n in_o the_o new_a moon_n and_o if_o the_o hole_n or_o pit_n you_o set_v they_o in_o be_v dug_n and_o prepare_v some_o month_n before_o it_o will_v much_o secure_v their_o take_n some_o cast_a horn_n bone_n shell_n etc._n etc._n into_o they_o the_o better_a to_o loosen_v the_o earth_n about_o they_o which_o shall_v be_v rich_a and_o well_o refresh_v all_o summer_n a_o light_n and_o dry_a mould_n be_v best_a well_o expose_v to_o the_o sun_n and_o air_n which_o above_o all_o thing_n this_o tree_n affect_v and_o hate_v watery_a low_a ground_n in_o sum_n they_o thrive_v best_a where_o vine_n prosper_v most_o who_o society_n they_o exceed_o cherish_v nor_o do_v they_o less_o delight_n to_o be_v among_o corn_n no_o way_n prejudice_v it_o with_o its_o shade_n the_o distance_n for_o these_o standard_n will_v be_v twenty_o or_o twenty_o four_o foot_n
cudgel_n coal_n and_o spring_n to_o catch_v bird_n and_o it_o make_v one_o of_o the_o best_a coal_n once_o use_v for_o gunpowder_n be_v very_o fine_a and_o light_n till_o they_o find_v alder_a to_o be_v more_o fit_a there_o be_v no_o wood_n which_o purify_v wine_n soon_o than_o the_o chip_n of_o hasel_n also_o for_o vvith_n and_o band_n upon_o which_o i_o remember_v pliny_n think_v it_o a_o pretty_a speculation_n that_o a_o wood_n shall_v be_v strong_a to_o bind_v withal_o be_v bruise_v and_o divide_v then_o when_o whole_a and_o entire_a last_o for_o ride_v switch_n and_o divinatory_a rod_n for_o the_o detect_n and_o find_v out_o of_o mineral_n at_o least_o if_o that_o tradition_n be_v no_o imposture_n but_o the_o most_o signal_n honour_v it_o be_v ever_o employ_v in_o and_o which_o may_v deserve_o exalt_v this_o humble_a and_o common_a plant_n above_o all_o the_o tree_n of_o the_o wood_n be_v that_o of_o hurdle_n not_o for_o that_o it_o be_v general_o use_v for_o the_o fold_v of_o our_o innocent_a sheep_n a_o emblem_n of_o the_o church_n but_o for_o make_v the_o walk_n of_o one_o of_o the_o first_o christian_n oratory_n in_o the_o world_n and_o particular_o in_o this_o island_n that_o venerable_a and_o sacred_a fabric_n at_o glastenbury_n found_v by_o s._n joseph_n of_o arimathea_n which_o be_v story_v to_o have_v be_v first_o compose_v but_o of_o a_o few_o small_a hasel-rod_n interweave_v about_o certain_a stake_n drive_v into_o the_o ground_n and_o wall_n of_o this_o kind_n in_o stead_n of_o lath_n and_o punchion_n superinduce_v with_o a_o course_n mortar_n make_v of_o loam_n and_o straw_n do_v to_o this_o day_n enclose_v divers_a humble_a cottage_n sheads_n and_o outhouse_n in_o the_o country_n and_o it_o be_v strong_a and_o last_a for_o such_o purpose_n whole_a or_o cleave_v and_o i_o have_v see_v ample_a enclosure_n of_o court_n and_o garden_n so_o secure_v 6._o there_o be_v a_o compendious_a expedient_a for_o the_o thicken_a of_o copse_n which_o be_v too_o transparent_a by_o lay_v of_o a_o sampler_n or_o pole_n of_o a_o hazel_n ash_n poplar_n etc._n etc._n of_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o foot_n in_o length_n the_o head_n a_o little_a lop_v into_o the_o ground_n giving_z it_o a_o chap_v near_o the_o foot_n to_o make_v it_o succumb_v this_o fasten_v to_o the_o earth_n with_o a_o hook_n or_o two_o and_o cover_v with_o some_o fresh_a mould_n at_o a_o competent_a depth_n as_o gardener_n lay_v their_o carnation_n will_v produce_v a_o world_n of_o sucker_n thicken_v and_o furnish_v a_o copse_n speedy_o but_o i_o be_o now_o come_v to_o the_o waterside_n let_v we_o next_o consider_v the_o aquatic_a chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o poplar_n aspen_n and_o abele_n poplar_n 1._o populus_fw-la i_o begin_v this_o second_o class_n according_a to_o our_o former_a distribution_n with_o the_o poplar_n of_o which_o there_o be_v several_a kind_n white_a black_a etc._n etc._n which_o in_o candy_n it_o be_v report_v bear_v seed_n beside_o the_o aspen_n the_o white_a be_v the_o most_o ordinary_a with_o we_o to_o be_v raise_v in_o abundance_n by_o every_o set_a or_o slip_v fence_v the_o ground_n as_o far_o as_o any_o old_a poplar_n root_v extend_v they_o will_v furnish_v you_o with_o sucker_n innumerable_a to_o be_v slip_v from_o their_o mother_n and_o transplant_v the_o very_a first_o year_n you_o shall_v need_v no_o other_o nursery_n when_o they_o be_v young_a their_o leaf_n be_v somewhat_o broad_a and_o round_a than_o when_o they_o grow_v age_v in_o moist_a and_o boggy_a place_n they_o will_v flourish_v wonderful_o so_o the_o ground_n be_v not_o spew_v but_o especial_o near_o the_o margin_n and_o bank_n of_o river_n populus_fw-la in_o fluviis_fw-la and_o in_o low_a sweet_a and_o fertile_a ground_n also_o truncheon_n of_o seven_o or_o eight_o foot_n long_o thrust_v two_o foot_n into_o the_o earth_n a_o hole_n be_v make_v with_o a_o sharp_a hard_a stake_n fill_v with_o water_n and_o then_o with_o fine_a earth_n press_v in_o and_o close_a about_o they_o when_o once_o root_v may_v be_v cut_v at_o six_o inch_n above_o ground_n and_o thus_o place_v at_o a_o yard_n distant_a they_o will_v immediate_o furnish_v a_o kind_n of_o copse_n but_o in_o case_n you_o plant_v they_o of_o root_a tree_n or_o small_a set_n fix_v they_o not_o so_o deep_a for_o though_o we_o bury_v the_o truncheon_n thus_o profound_a yet_o be_v the_o root_n which_o they_o strike_v common_o but_o shallow_a they_o will_v make_v prodigious_a shoot_v in_o 15_o or_o 16_o year_n but_o then_o the_o head_n must_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v diminish_v but_o the_o low_a branch_n may_v yet_o not_o too_o far_o up_o the_o foot_n will_v also_o be_v cleanse_v every_o second_o year_n this_o for_o the_o white_a the_o black_a poplar_n be_v frequent_o pollare_v when_o as_o big_a as_o one_o arm_n eight_o or_o nine_o foot_n from_o the_o ground_n as_o they_o trim_v they_o in_o italy_n for_o their_o vine_n to_o serpent_n on_o and_o those_o they_o poll_v or_o head_n every_o second_o year_n 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pine_n which_o be_v more_o top-heavy_a be_v more_o apt_a to_o swag_v when_o they_o be_v of_o two_o or_o three_o year_n growth_n you_o may_v transplant_v they_o where_o you_o please_v and_o when_o they_o have_v get_v good_a root_n they_o will_v make_v prodigious_a shoot_n but_o not_o for_o the_o three_o or_o four_o first_o year_n comparative_o they_o will_v grow_v both_o in_o moist_a or_o barren_a gravel_n and_o poor_a ground_n so_o it_o be_v not_o over_o sandy_a and_o light_a but_o before_o sow_v i_o mean_v here_o for_o large_a design_n turn_v it_o up_o a_o foot_n deep_a sow_v or_o set_v your_o seed_n a_o hand_n distance_n and_o riddle_n earth_n upon_o they_o in_o five_o or_o six_o week_n they_o will_v peep_v when_o you_o transplant_v water_n they_o well_o before_o and_o cut_v the_o clod_n out_o about_o the_o root_n as_o you_o do_v melon_n out_o of_o the_o hot-bed_n which_o knead_v close_o to_o they_o like_o a_o egg_n thus_o they_o may_v be_v send_v safe_o many_o mile_n but_o the_o top_n must_v neither_o be_v bruise_v much_o less_o cut_v which_o will_v dwarf_n it_o for_o ever_o 3._o the_o best_a time_n to_o transplant_v be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o april_n they_o will_v thrive_v main_o in_o a_o stiff_a hungry_a clay_n but_o by_o no_o mean_n in_o over_o light_n or_o rich_a soil_n fill_v the_o hole_n therefore_o with_o such_o barren_a earth_n if_o your_o ground_n be_v improper_a of_o itself_o and_o if_o the_o clay_n be_v too_o stiff_a and_o untractable_a with_o a_o little_a sand_n remove_v with_o as_o much_o earth_n about_o the_o root_n as_o be_v possible_a though_o the_o fir_n will_v better_o endure_v a_o naked_a transplantation_n than_o the_o pine_n you_o may_v likewise_o sow_v in_o such_o earth_n about_o february_n they_o will_v make_v a_o shoot_v the_o very_a first_o year_n of_o a_o inch_n next_o a_o handful_n the_o three_o year_n three_o foot_n and_o thence_o forward_o above_o a_o yard_n annual_o a_o northern_a gentleman_n who_o have_v oblige_v i_o with_o 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fit_a to_o mention_v 15._o for_o the_o many_o and_o almost_o universal_a use_n of_o these_o tree_n both_o sea_n and_o land_n will_v plead_v the_o useful_a pine_n for_o ship_n daunt_v utile_fw-la lignum_fw-la navigiis_fw-la pines_n georg._n 2._o hence_o papinius_n 6._o thebay_n call_v it_o audax_fw-la aby_n they_o make_v our_o best_a mast_n shethe_v scaffold-pole_n etc._n etc._n heretofore_o the_o whole_a vessel_n it_o be_v pretty_a say_v pliny_n to_o consider_v that_o those_o tree_n which_o be_v so_o much_o seek_v after_o for_o ship_n shall_v most_o delight_n in_o the_o high_a of_o mountain_n as_o if_o it_o flee_v from_o the_o sea_n on_o purpose_n and_o be_v afraid_a to_o descend_v into_o the_o water_n with_o fir_n we_o likewise_o make_v all_o intestine_a work_n as_o wainscot_n floor_n pales_n balk_n lath_n box_n belly_n for_o all_o musical_a instrument_n in_o general_a nay_o the_o rib_n and_o side_n of_o that_o enormous_a stratagem_n the_o so_o famous_a trojan_a horse_n may_v be_v think_v to_o be_v build_v of_o this_o material_a and_o if_o the_o poet_n mistake_v not_o the_o rib_n with_o deal_n they_o fit_v sectáque_fw-la intexunt_fw-la abiete_n costas_fw-la aen._n 2._o it_o be_v exceed_o smooth_a to_o polish_v on_o and_o therefore_o do_v well_o under_o gild_v work_n and_o take_v black_a equal_a with_o the_o pear-tree_n both_o fir_n and_o especial_o pine_n succeed_v well_o in_o carve_v as_o for_o capitol_n festoon_n nay_o statue_n especial_o be_v gild_a because_o of_o the_o easiness_n of_o the_o grain_n to_o work_v and_o take_v the_o tool_n every_o way_n and_o he_o that_o shall_v examine_v it_o near_o will_v find_v that_o famous_a image_n of_o the_o b._n virgin_n at_o loretto_n report_v to_o be_v carve_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o s._n luke_n to_o be_v make_v of_o fir_n as_o the_o grain_n easy_o discover_v it_o the_o torulus_n as_o vitruvius_n call_v it_o and_o heart_n of_o deal_n keep_v dry_a reject_v the_o albumen_n and_o white_a be_v everlasting_a nor_o do_v 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have_v the_o most_o of_o our_o pot-ash_n of_o fir_n be_v make_v our_o torch_n or_o funebral-stave_n nay_o and_o of_o old_a spear_n of_o it_o if_o we_o may_v credit_v virgil_n amazonian_a combat_n she_o press_v a_o long_a fir_n spear_n through_o his_o expose_v breast_n cujus_fw-la apertum_fw-la adversi_fw-la longâ_fw-la transverberat_fw-la abiete_n pectus_fw-la aen._n 11._o last_o the_o very_a chip_n or_o shave_n of_o deal-board_n be_v of_o other_o use_n than_o to_o kindle_v fire_n alone_o thomas_n bartholinus_n in_o his_o medicina_fw-la danorum_fw-la dissert_n 7._o etc._n etc._n where_o he_o disclaim_v the_o use_n of_o hop_n in_o beer_n as_o pernicious_a and_o malignant_a and_o from_o several_a instance_n how_o apt_a it_o be_v to_o produce_v and_o usher_v in_o infection_n nay_o plague_n etc._n etc._n will_v substitute_v in_o its_o place_n the_o shave_n of_o deal-board_n as_o he_o affirm_v to_o give_v a_o grateful_a
more_o watery_a sap_n which_o haste_v from_o all_o part_n towards_o the_o middle_n be_v convey_v by_o the_o forementioned_a gutter_n into_o the_o barrel_n or_o vessel_n place_v to_o receive_v it_o thus_o the_o whole_a art_n of_o tarmaking_n be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o kind_n of_o rude_a distillation_n per_fw-la descensum_fw-la and_o may_v therefore_o be_v as_o well_o do_v in_o furnace_n of_o large_a capacity_n be_v it_o worth_a the_o expense_n when_o the_o tar_n be_v now_o all_o melt_v out_o and_o run_v they_o stop_v up_o all_o the_o vent_v very_o close_o and_o afterward_o find_v the_o knot_n make_v into_o excellent_a char-coal_n prefer_v by_o the_o smith_n before_o any_o other_o whatsoever_o which_o be_v make_v of_o wood_n and_o nothing_o so_o apt_a to_o burn_v out_o when_o their_o blast_n cease_v neither_o do_v they_o sparkle_v in_o the_o fire_n as_o many_o other_o sort_n of_o coal_n do_v so_o as_o in_o defect_n of_o sea-coal_n they_o make_v choice_n of_o this_o as_o best_a for_o their_o use_n and_o give_v great_a price_n for_o it_o of_o these_o knot_n likewise_o do_v the_o planter_n split_v out_o small_a sliver_v about_o the_o thickness_n of_o one_o finger_n or_o somewhat_o thin_a which_o serve_v they_o to_o burn_v in_o stead_n of_o candle_n give_v a_o very_a good_a light_n this_o they_o call_v candle-wood_n and_o it_o be_v in_o mucâ—_n use_v both_o in_o new-england_n virginia_n and_o among_o the_o dutch_a planter_n in_o their_o village_n but_o for_o that_o it_o be_v something_o offensive_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o much_o fuliginous_a smoke_n which_o come_v from_o it_o they_o common_o burn_v it_o in_o the_o chimney-corner_n upon_o a_o flat_a stone_n or_o iron_n except_o occasional_o they_o carry_v a_o single_a stick_n in_o their_o hand_n as_o there_o be_v need_n of_o light_a to_o go_v about_o the_o house_n it_o must_v not_o be_v conceive_v by_o what_o we_o have_v mention_v in_o the_o former_a description_n of_o the_o knot_n that_o they_o be_v only_o to_o be_v 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where_o rosin_n be_v plentiful_a a_o fit_a proportion_n of_o that_o may_v be_v dissolve_v in_o the_o tar_n while_o it_o be_v boil_v and_o this_o mixture_n be_v soon_o convert_v to_o pitch_n but_o it_o be_v of_o somewhat_o a_o differ_a kind_n from_o that_o which_o be_v make_v of_o tar_n only_o without_o other_o composition_n there_o be_v a_o way_n which_o some_o ship-carpenter_n in_o those_o country_n have_v use_v to_o bring_v their_o tar_n into_o pitch_n for_o any_o sudden_a use_n by_o make_v the_o tar_n so_o very_o hot_a in_o a_o iron-kettle_n that_o it_o will_v easy_o take_v fire_n which_o when_o blaze_v and_o set_v in_o a_o airy_a place_n they_o let_v burn_v so_o long_o till_o by_o take_v out_o some_o small_a quantity_n for_o trial_n be_v cold_a it_o appear_v of_o a_o sufficient_a consistence_n then_o by_o cover_v the_o kettle_n close_o the_o fire_n be_v extinguish_v and_o the_o pitch_n be_v make_v without_o more_o ceremony_n there_o be_v a_o process_n of_o make_v rosin_n also_o out_o of_o the_o same_o knot_n by_o split_v they_o out_o into_o thin_a piece_n and_o then_o boil_v they_o in_o water_n which_o will_v educe_v all_o the_o resinous_n matter_n and_o gather_v it_o into_o a_o body_n which_o when_o cold_a will_v harden_v into_o pure_a rosin_n it_o be_v moreover_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o fir_n and_o most_o coniferous_a tree_n yield_v the_o same_o concretes_n lachrymae_fw-la turpentine_n rosin_n hard_a naval_a or_o stone_n and_o liquid_a pitch_n and_o tar_n for_o innumerable_a use_n and_o from_o the_o burn_a and_o fuliginous_a vapour_n of_o these_o especial_o the_o rosin_n we_o have_v our_o lamp_n and_o printer_n black_a etc._n etc._n i_o be_o persuade_v the_o pine_n and_o fir_n tree_n in_o scotland_n may_v yield_v his_o majesty_n plenty_n of_o excellent_a tar_n be_v some_o industrious_a person_n employ_v about_o the_o work_n chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o larch_n platanus_n lotus_fw-la cornus_n etc._n etc._n 1._o larix_n though_o of_o the_o coniferous_a family_n lose_v its_o leaf_n larch_n and_o therefore_o we_o separate_v he_o from_o the_o fir_n and_o pine_n but_o why_o we_o may_v not_o hope_v as_o well_o of_o the_o larch_n as_o from_o any_o of_o they_o i_o know_v not_o i_o read_v of_o beam_n of_o no_o less_o than_o 120._o foot_n in_o length_n make_v out_o of_o this_o goodly_a tree_n which_o be_v of_o so_o strange_a a_o composition_n that_o it_o will_v hardly_o burn_v as_o caesar_n find_v in_o a_o castle_n he_o besiege_v build_v of_o it_o the_o story_n be_v recite_v at_o large_a by_o vitruvius_n l._n 2._o c._n 9_o but_o see_v what_o philander_n say_v upon_o the_o place_n on_o his_o own_o experience_n yet_o the_o coal_n thereof_o be_v hold_v far_o better_a than_o any_o other_o for_o the_o melt_a of_o iron_n there_o be_v abundance_n of_o this_o larch_n timber_n in_o the_o building_n at_o venice_n especial_o about_o the_o palace_n in_o piazza_n san_n marco_n where_o i_o remember_v scmozzi_n say_v he_o himself_o use_v much_o of_o it_o and_o infinite_o commend_v it_o tiberius_n we_o find_v build_v that_o famous_a bridge_n to_o his_o naumachia_n with_o it_o and_o it_o seem_v to_o excel_v for_o beam_n door_n window_n and_o will_v support_v a_o incredible_a weight_n which_o and_o for_o its_o property_n of_o long_a refect_a fire_n make_v vitruvius_n wish_n they_o have_v great_a plenty_n of_o it_o at_o rome_n to_o make_v goist_n of_o from_o this_o tree_n it_o be_v that_o useful_a drug_n agaric_n be_v gather_v and_o the_o timber_n of_o it_o be_v so_o exceed_o transparent_a that_o cabanes_n make_v of_o the_o thin_a board_n when_o in_o the_o dark_a night_n they_o have_v light_v candle_n people_n who_o be_v at_o a_o distance_n without_o door_n will_v imagine_v the_o whole_a room_n to_o be_v on_o fire_n which_o be_v pretty_a odd_a consider_v there_o be_v no_o material_a so_o unapt_a to_o kindle_v that_o which_o now_o grow_v some_o where_o about_o chelnsford_n in_o essex_n arrive_v to_o a_o flourish_a and_o ample_a tree_n do_v sufficient_o reproach_v our_o negligence_n and_o want_n of_o industry_n as_o well_o as_o the_o incomparable_a and_o shady_a platanus_n 2._o platanus_n that_o so_o beautiful_a and_o precious_a tree_n so_o dote_v on_o by_o xerxes_n that_o aelian_a and_o other_o author_n tell_v we_o he_o make_v halt_v and_o stop_v his_o prodigious_a army_n of_o seventeen_o hundred_o thousand_o soldier_n which_o even_o cover_v the_o sea_n exhaust_v river_n and_o thrust_v mount_n athos_n from_o the_o continent_n to_o admire_v the_o pulchritude_n and_o procerity_n of_o one_o of_o these_o goodly_a tree_n and_o become_v so_o fond_a of_o it_o that_o spoil_v both_o himself_o his_o concubine_n and_o great_a person_n of_o all_o their_o jewel_n he_o cover_v it_o with_o gold_n gem_n necklace_n scarf_n and_o
spring_n and_o not_o to_o stay_v so_o long_o as_o usual_o they_o be_v a_o clear_n that_o the_o young_a and_o the_o seedling_n may_v suffer_v the_o least_o interruption_n and_o if_o the_o winter_n previous_a to_o your_o fell_n copse_n you_o preserve_v they_o well_o from_o cattle_n it_o will_v recompense_v your_o care_n 5._o it_o be_v advise_v not_o to_o cut_v off_o the_o browse-wood_n of_o oak_n in_o copse_n but_o to_o suffer_v it_o to_o fall_v off_o as_o where_o tree_n stand_v very_o close_o it_o usual_o do_v i_o do_v not_o well_o comprehend_v why_o yet_o it_o shall_v be_v spare_v so_o long_o 6._o when_o you_o espy_v a_o cluster_n of_o plant_n grow_v as_o it_o be_v all_o in_o a_o bunch_n it_o shall_v suffice_v that_o you_o preserve_v the_o fair_a sapling_n cut_v all_o the_o rest_n away_o and_o if_o it_o chance_v to_o be_v a_o chestnut_n service_n or_o like_o profitable_a tree_n clear_v it_o from_o the_o dropping_n and_o encumbrance_n of_o other_o tree_n that_o it_o may_v thrive_v the_o 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time_n in_o the_o hercynian_a forest_n which_o be_v think_v coevous_a with_o the_o world_n itself_o their_o root_n have_v even_o raise_v mountain_n and_o where_o they_o encounter_v swell_v into_o goodly_a arch_n like_o the_o gate_n of_o a_o city_n but_o our_o more_o modern_a author_n calculation_n for_o fruit-tree_n i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v pear_n apple_n etc._n etc._n his_o allowance_n be_v three_o hundred_o year_n for_o growth_n as_o much_o for_o their_o stand_n as_o he_o term_v it_o and_o three_o hundred_o for_o their_o decay_n which_o do_v in_o the_o total_a amount_v to_o no_o less_o than_o nine_o hundred_o year_n this_o conjecture_n be_v deduce_v from_o appletree_n grow_v in_o his_o orchard_n which_o have_v know_v for_o forty_o year_n and_o upon_o diligent_a enquiry_n of_o sundry_a age_a person_n of_o eighty_o year_n and_o more_o who_o remember_v they_o tree_n all_o their_o time_n he_o find_v by_o compare_v their_o growth_n with_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n to_o be_v far_o 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planter_n and_o dedication_n if_o tradition_n hold_v of_o the_o famous_a english_a bard_n jeofry_n chaucer_n of_o which_o one_o be_v call_v the_o king_n another_o the_o queen_n and_o a_o three_o chaucer_n oak_n the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v fifty_o foot_n in_o height_n before_o any_o bough_n or_o knot_n appear_v and_o cut_v five_o foot_n square_a at_o the_o butt-end_n all_o clear_a timber_n the_o queen_n be_v fell_v since_o the_o war_n and_o hold_v forty_o foot_n excellent_a timber_n straight_o as_o a_o arrow_n in_o growth_n and_o grain_n and_o cut_v four_o foot_n at_o the_o stub_n and_o near_o a_o yard_n at_o the_o top_n beside_o a_o fork_n of_o almost_o ten_o foot_n clear_a timber_n above_o the_o shaft_n which_o be_v crown_v with_o a_o shady_a tuft_n of_o bough_n among_o which_o some_o be_v on_o each_o side_n curve_v like_o rams-horn_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v so_o industrious_o bend_v by_o hand_n this_o oak_n be_v of_o a_o kind_n so_o excellent_a cut_v a_o grain_n clear_a as_o 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the_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n and_o country_n and_o what_o so_o prodigious_a a_o tree_n will_v have_v be_v worth_a near_o london_n in_o firth_n farm_n within_o sheffield_n lordship_n about_o twenty_o year_n since_o a_o tree_n blow_v down_o by_o the_o wind_n make_v or_o will_v have_v make_v two_o forge-hammer-beam_n and_o in_o those_o and_o the_o other_o wood_n of_o that_o tree_n there_o be_v of_o worth_n or_o make_v 50_o li._n and_o godfrey_n frogat_v who_o be_v now_o live_a do_v oft_o say_v he_o lose_v 30_o li._n by_o the_o not_o buy_v of_o it_o bullock_n a_o hammer-beam_n be_v not_o less_o than_o 7½_n yard_n long_o and_o 4_o foot_n square_a at_o the_o barrel_n in_o sheffield_n park_n below_o the_o manor_n a_o tree_n be_v stand_v which_o be_v sell_v by_o one_o giffard_n servant_n to_o the_o then_o countess_n of_o kent_n for_o 2_o li._n 10_o s._n to_o one_o nich._n hicks_n which_o yield_v of_o saw_v wair_n fourteen_o hundred_o and_o by_o estimation_n twenty_o chord_n of_o wood_n 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to_o the_o very_a red-strake_a and_o before_o the_o bromsbury-crab_n but_o upon_o more_o mature_a consideration_n the_o very_a critic_n themselves_o now_o recant_v as_o be_v too_o effeminate_a and_o soft_a for_o a_o judicious_a palate_n the_o red-strake_a then_o among_o these_o accurate_a taster_n have_v obtain_v the_o absolute_a praeeminence_n of_o all_o other_o cider-fruit_n especial_o in_o hereford-shire_n 37._o as_o be_v the_o rich_a and_o most_o vinous_a liquor_n and_o now_o with_o the_o more_o earnestness_n commend_v to_o our_o practice_n for_o its_o celerity_n in_o become_v a_o orchard_n be_v ordinary_o as_o full_a of_o fruit_n at_o ten_o year_n growth_n as_o other_o tree_n be_v at_o twenty_o the_o pepin_n or_o pearmain_n at_o thirty_o and_o last_o from_o that_o no_o contemptible_a quality_n that_o though_o the_o smile_n of_o it_o entice_v even_o on_o the_o tree_n as_o be_v indeed_o better_o than_o most_o other_o table-fruit_n whilst_o hang_v yet_o it_o need_v no_o priapus_n 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england_n where_o there_o be_v not_o some_o fat_a and_o deep_a headland_n capable_a of_o row_v of_o tree_n and_o that_o as_o have_v be_v say_v the_o raise_a bank_n of_o all_o enclosure_n general_o by_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o depth_n fatness_n and_o health_n of_o their_o mould_n yield_v ready_a opportunity_n for_o plant_v yea_o and_o in_o many_o country_n multitude_n of_o crab-stock_n fit_a to_o be_v graff_v in_o which_o latter_a say_v he_o i_o have_v frequent_o observe_v very_o goodly_a fruit-bearing_a tree_n when_o in_o the_o same_o soil_n tree_n in_o orchard_n have_v be_v poor_a and_o worth_a nothing_o to_o conclude_v if_o the_o soil_n be_v very_o bad_a and_o unkind_a any_o other_o fruit_n which_o it_o may_v more_o free_o yield_v without_o require_v much_o depth_n and_o less_o sun_n may_v be_v plant_v instead_o of_o apple_n chap._n vi_o of_o transplant_n and_o distance_n the_o most_o proper_a season_n for_o transplant_n be_v before_o the_o hard_a frost_n of_o winter_n 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and_o air_n consider_v chap._n vii_o of_o the_o fence_a see_v a_o cider-orchard_n be_v but_o a_o wild_a plantation_n best_a in_o arable_a well_o enclose_v from_o beast_n and_o yet_o better_a on_o the_o top_n ridge_n and_o natural_a inequality_n though_o with_o some_o loss_n of_o order_n as_o we_o show_v one_o of_o the_o great_a discouragement_n be_v the_o preserve_n of_o our_o tree_n be_v plant_v the_o raise_n of_o they_o so_o familiar_a we_o have_v in_o our_o sylva_n treat_v in_o particular_a of_o this_o as_o of_o one_o of_o the_o most_o material_a obstacle_n wherein_o yet_o we_o do_v purposely_o omit_v one_o expedient_a which_o come_v then_o to_o our_o hand_n from_o the_o very_a industrious_a mr._n buckland_n to_o the_o learned_a dr._n beal_n you_o shall_v have_v it_o in_o his_o own_o word_n this_o of_o fence_v single_a tree_n use_v to_o be_v do_v by_o rail_n at_o great_a charge_n or_o by_o hedge_n and_o bush_n which_o every_o other_o year_n must_v be_v renew_v and_o the_o material_n not_o to_o be_v have_v in_o all_o place_n neither_o i_o therefore_o prefer_v and_o commend_v to_o you_o the_o ensue_a form_n of_o plant_v and_o fence_v which_o be_v more_o cheap_a and_o easy_a and_o which_o have_v other_o advantage_n in_o it_o and_o not_o common_o know_v i_o never_o see_v it_o but_o once_o and_o that_o imperfect_o perform_v but_o have_v practise_v it_o myself_o with_o success_n take_v it_o thus_o set_a your_o tree_n on_o the_o greenswarth_a or_o five_o or_o six_o inch_n under_o it_o if_o the_o soil_n be_v very_o healthy_a if_o moist_a or_o weep_a half_o a_o foot_n above_o it_o then_o cut_v a_o trench_n round_o that_o tree_n two_o foot_n or_o more_o in_o the_o clear_a from_o it_o lay_v a_o rank_n of_o the_o turf_n with_o the_o grass_n outward_a upon_o the_o inner_a side_n of_o the_o trench_n towards_o your_o plant_n and_o then_o a_o second_o rank_n upon_o the_o former_a and_o so_o a_o three_o and_o four_o all_o orderly_o place_v as_o in_o a_o fortification_n and_o lean_v towards_o the_o tree_n after_o the_o form_n of_o a_o pyramid_n or_o large_a hop-hill_n always_o as_o you_o place_v a_o row_n of_o turf_n in_o compass_n you_o must_v fill_v up_o the_o inner_a part_n of_o the_o circle_n with_o the_o loose_a earth_n of_o the_o second_o spit_n which_o you_o dig_v out_o of_o your_o trench_n and_o which_o be_v to_o be_v two_o foot_n and_o half_a wide_a or_o more_o as_o you_o desire_v to_o mount_v the_o hillock_n which_o by_o this_o mean_v you_o will_v have_v raise_v about_o your_o plant_n near_o three_o foot_n in_o height_n at_o the_o point_n it_o need_v not_o be_v above_o two_o foot_n or_o eighteen_o inch_n diametre_fw-la where_o you_o may_v leave_v the_o earth_n in_o form_n of_o a_o dish_n to_o convey_v the_o rain_n towards_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o this_o hillock_n prick_v up_o five_o or_o six_o small_a briar_n or_o thorn_n bind_v they_o light_o to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o plant_n and_o you_o have_v finish_v the_o work_n the_o commodity_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o plant_v be_v first_o neither_o swine_n nor_o sheep_n nor_o any_o other_o sort_n of_o cattle_n can_v annoy_v your_o tree_n second_o you_o may_v adventure_v to_o set_v the_o small_a plant_n be_v thus_o raise_v and_o secure_v from_o the_o reach_n of_o cattle_n three_o your_o tree_n faston_n in_o the_o hillock_n against_o violence_n of_o wind_n without_o stake_n to_o fret_v and_o canker_n they_o four_o if_o the_o soil_n be_v wet_a it_o be_v hereby_o make_v healthy_a five_o if_o very_o dry_a the_o hillock_n defend_v from_o the_o outward_a heat_n six_o it_o prevent_v the_o couch-grass_n which_o for_o the_o first_o year_n insensible_o rob_v most_o plant_n in_o sandy_a ground_n apt_a to_o graze_v and_o last_o the_o graze_a bank_n will_v recompense_v the_o niggardly_a farmer_n for_o the_o waste_n of_o his_o ditch_n which_o otherwise_o he_o will_v sore_o bethink_v in_o the_o second_o or_o three_o year_n by_o what_o time_n your_o root_n spread_v the_o trench_n if_o the_o ground_n be_v moist_a or_o season_n wet_a will_v be_v near_o fill_v up_o again_o by_o the_o tread_n of_o cattle_n for_o it_o need_v not_o be_v cleanse_v but_o than_o you_o must_v renew_v your_o thorn_n yet_o if_o the_o planter_n be_v curious_a i_o shall_v advise_v a_o cast_n of_o some_o small_a quantity_n of_o rich_a mould_n into_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o trench_n the_o second_o year_n which_o may_v improve_v the_o growth_n and_o invite_v the_o root_n to_o spread_v in_o this_o manner_n of_o plant_v where_o the_o soil_n be_v not_o rich_a the_o exact_a planter_n shall_v add_v a_o little_a quantity_n to_o each_o root_n of_o earth_n from_o a_o frequent_a highway_n or_o yard_n where_o cattle_n be_v keep_v
world_n in_o jersey_n it_o be_v a_o general_a observation_n as_o i_o hear_v that_o the_o more_o of_o red_a any_o apple_n have_v in_o its_o rind_n the_o more_o proper_a it_o be_v for_o this_o use_n paleface't-apple_n they_o exclude_v as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v from_o their_o cider-vat_a it_o be_v with_o we_o a_o observation_n that_o no_o sweet-apple_n that_o have_v a_o tough_a rind_n be_v bad_a for_o cider_n 12._o if_o you_o boil_v your_o cider_n special_a care_n be_v to_o be_v have_v that_o you_o put_v it_o into_o the_o furnace_n immediate_o from_o the_o wring_n otherwise_o if_o it_o be_v let_v stand_v iâ—_n fat_n or_o vessel_n two_o or_o three_o day_n after_o the_o pressure_n the_o best_a and_o most_o spirituous_a part_n will_v ascend_v and_o vapour_n away_o when_o the_o fire_n be_v put_v under_o it_o and_o the_o long_o the_o boil_a continue_v the_o less_o of_o goodness_n or_o virtue_n will_v be_v leave_v remain_v in_o the_o cider_n my_o distillation_n sufficient_o instruct_v i_o that_o the_o same_o liquor_n which_o after_o fermentation_n have_v pass_v upon_o it_o yield_v a_o plentiful_a quantity_n of_o spirit_n draw_v off_o unferment_v yield_v nothing_o at_o all_o of_o spirit_n and_o upon_o the_o same_o account_v it_o be_v undoubted_o certain_a that_o cider_n boil_v immediate_o from_o the_o wring_n have_v its_o spirit_n compress_v and_o draw_v into_o a_o narrow_a compass_n which_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n wash_v and_o evaporate_v by_o late_a unseasonable_a boil_a concern_v cider_n by_o doctor_n smith_z the_o best_a time_n to_o grind_v the_o apple_n be_v immediate_o from_o the_o tree_n so_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v thorough_o ripe_a for_o so_o they_o will_v yield_v the_o great_a quantity_n of_o liquor_n the_o cider_n will_v drink_v the_o better_a and_o last_v long_o than_o if_o the_o apple_n be_v hoard_v for_o cider_n make_v of_o hoard_a apple_n will_v always_o retain_v a_o unpleasing_a taste_n of_o the_o apple_n especial_o if_o they_o contract_v any_o rottenness_n the_o cider_n that_o be_v ground_n in_o a_o stone-case_n be_v general_o accuse_v to_o taste_v unpleasant_o of_o the_o rind_n stem_n and_o kernel_n of_o the_o apple_n which_o it_o will_v not_o if_o ground_n in_o a_o case_n of_o wood_n which_o do_v not_o bruise_v they_o so_o much_o so_o soon_o as_o the_o cider_n be_v make_v put_v it_o into_o the_o vessel_n leave_v it_o about_o the_o space_n of_o one_o gallon_n empty_a and_o present_o stop_v it_o up_o very_o close_a this_o way_n be_v observe_v to_o keep_v it_o long_o and_o to_o preserve_v its_o spirit_n better_a than_o the_o usual_a way_n of_o fill_v the_o vessel_n quite_o full_a and_o keep_v it_o open_v till_o it_o have_v do_v ferment_v cider_n put_v into_o a_o new_a vessel_n will_v often_o taste_v of_o the_o wood_n if_o it_o be_v pierce_v early_o but_o the_o same_o stop_v up_o again_o and_o reserve_v till_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o year_n will_v free_v itself_o of_o that_o taste_n if_o the_o cider_n be_v sharp_a and_o thick_a it_o will_v recover_v itself_o again_o but_o if_o sharp_a and_o clear_a it_o will_v not_o about_o march_n or_o when_o the_o cider_n begin_v to_o sparkle_v in_o the_o glass_n before_o it_o be_v too_o fine_a be_v the_o best_a time_n to_o bottle_n it_o cider_n will_v be_v much_o long_o in_o clear_v in_o a_o mild_a and_o moist_a then_o in_o a_o cold_a and_o dry_a winter_n to_o every_o hogshead_n of_o cider_n design_v for_o two_o year_n keep_v it_o be_v requisite_a to_o add_v about_o march_n the_o first_o year_n a_o quart_n of_o wheat_n unground_a the_o best_a fruit_n with_o we_o in_o gloucestershire_n for_o the_o first_o year_n cider_n be_v the_o red-strake_a the_o white_a and_o red_a must-apple_n the_o sweet_a and_o sour_a pepin_n and_o the_o harvey-apple_n pearmains_n alone_o make_v but_o a_o small_a liquor_n and_o hardly_o clear_v of_o itself_o but_o mix_v either_o with_o sweet_a or_o sour_a pippin_n it_o become_v very_o brisk_a and_o clear_a must-apple-cider_n though_o the_o first_o make_v be_v always_o the_o last_o ripe_a by_o reason_n that_o most_o of_o the_o pulp_n of_o the_o apple_n pass_v the_o strainer_n in_o press_v and_o make_v it_o exceed_o thick_a the_o cider_n of_o the_o bromsbury-crab_n and_o fox-whelp_n be_v not_o fit_a for_o drink_v till_o the_o second_o year_n but_o then_o very_a good_a the_o cider_n of_o the_o bromsbury-crab_n yield_v a_o far_o great_a proportion_n of_o spirit_n in_o the_o distillation_n than_o any_o of_o the_o other_o crab_n and_o pear_n mix_v make_v a_o very_a please_a liquor_n and_o much_o soon_o ripe_a than_o pear_n alone_o of_o cider_n by_o capt._n sylas_n taylor_n herefordshire_n afford_v several_a sort_n of_o cider-apple_n as_o the_o two_o sort_n of_o red_a strike_n the_o gennet-moyle_n the_o summer-violet_n or_o fillet_n and_o the_o winter-fillet_n with_o many_o other_o sort_n which_o be_v use_v only_o to_o make_v cider_n of_o which_o some_o use_v each_o sort_n simple_o and_o other_o mix_v many_o sort_n together_o this_o county_n be_v very_o well_o store_v with_o other_o sort_n of_o apple_n as_o pippin_n pearmains_n etc._n etc._n of_o which_o there_o be_v much_o cider_n make_v but_o not_o to_o be_v compare_v to_o the_o cider_n draw_v from_o the_o cider-apple_n among_o which_o the_o redstrakes_a bear_v the_o bell_n a_o fruit_n in_o itself_o scarce_o edible_a yet_o the_o juice_n be_v press_v out_o be_v immediate_o pleasant_a in_o taste_n without_o any_o thing_n of_o that_o restringency_n which_o it_o have_v when_o incorporate_v with_o the_o meat_n or_o flesh_n of_o the_o apple_n it_o be_v many_o time_n three_o month_n before_o it_o come_v to_o its_o clearness_n and_o six_o month_n before_o it_o come_v to_o a_o ripeness_n fit_a for_o drink_v yet_o i_o have_v taste_v of_o it_o three_o year_n old_a very_o pleasant_a though_o dangerous_o strong_a the_o colour_n of_o it_o when_o fine_a be_v of_o a_o sparkle_a yellow_a like_a canary_n of_o a_o good_a full_a body_n and_o oily_a the_o taste_n like_o the_o flavour_n or_o perfume_n of_o excellent_a peach_n very_o grateful_a to_o the_o palate_n and_o stomach_n gennet-moyle_n make_v a_o cider_n of_o a_o small_a body_n than_o the_o former_a yet_o very_o pleasant_a and_o will_v last_v a_o year_n it_o be_v a_o good_a eat_v pleasant_a sharp_a fruit_n when_o ripe_a and_o the_o best_a tart-apple_n as_o the_o red-strake_a also_o before_o its_o ripeness_n the_o tree_n grow_v with_o certain_a knotty_a extuberancy_n upon_o the_o branch_n and_o bough_n below_o which_o knot_n we_o cut_v off_o bough_n the_o thickness_n of_o a_o man_n wrist_n and_o place_v the_o knot_n in_o the_o ground_n which_o make_v the_o root_n and_o this_o be_v do_v to_o raise_v this_o fruit_n but_o very_o rare_o by_o graft_n of_o fillet_n of_o both_o sort_n viz._n summer_n and_o winter_n i_o have_v make_v cider_n of_o that_o proportionate_a taste_n and_o strength_n that_o i_o have_v deceive_v several_a experience_a palate_n with_o who_o simple_o it_o have_v pass_v for_o white-wine_n and_o dash_v it_o with_o red-wine_n it_o have_v pass_v for_o claret_n and_o mingle_v with_o the_o syrup_n of_o rasp'ye_n it_o make_v a_o excellent_a woman_n wine_n the_o fruit_n be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o the_o gennet-moyle_n to_o eat_v the_o winter-fillet_n make_v a_o last_a cider_n and_o the_o summer-fillet_n a_o early_a cider_n but_o both_o very_a strong_a and_o the_o apple_n mix_v together_o make_v a_o good_a cider_n these_o apple_n yield_v a_o liquor_n more_o grateful_a to_o my_o palate_n and_o so_o esteem_v of_o in_o herefordshire_n by_o the_o great_a ciderist_n than_o any_o make_v of_o pippin_n and_o pearmains_n of_o which_o sort_n we_o have_v very_o good_a in_o that_o country_n and_o those_o also_o both_o summer_n and_o winter_n of_o both_o sort_n and_o of_o which_o i_o have_v drink_v the_o cider_n but_o prefer_v the_o other_o ground_n separate_v only_o with_o a_o hedge_n and_o ditch_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o soil_n have_v give_v a_o great_a alteration_n to_o the_o cider_n notwithstanding_o the_o tree_n have_v be_v graff_v with_o equal_a care_n the_o same_o graff_n and_o last_o the_o same_o care_n take_v in_o the_o make_n of_o the_o cider_n this_o as_o to_o the_o red-strake_a i_o have_v not_o observe_v the_o same_o niceness_n in_o any_o other_o fruit_n for_o gennet-moyle_n and_o fillet_n thrive_v very_o well_o over_o all_o herefordshire_n the_o red-strake_a delight_n most_o in_o a_o fat_a soil_n hamlacy_n be_v a_o rich_a intermix_v soil_n of_o red-fat-clay_n and_o sand_n and_o kings-capel_a a_o low_a hot_a sandy_a ground_n both_o well_o defend_v from_o noxious_a wind_n and_o both_o very_a famous_a for_o the_o red-strake-cider_n there_o be_v a_o pear_n in_o hereford_n and_o worcestershire_n which_o be_v call_v bareland-pear_n which_o make_v a_o very_a good_a cider_n i_o call_v it_o
land_n partly_o clay_n a_o marl_n and_o crash_v as_o they_o call_v it_o there_o on_o all_o which_o sort_v of_o land_n there_o be_v much_o fruit_n grow_v both_o for_o the_o table_n and_o for_o cider_n but_o it_o be_v pear_n it_o most_o abound_v in_o of_o which_o the_o best_a sort_n be_v that_o they_o name_v the_o squash-pear_n which_o make_v the_o best_a perry_n in_o those_o part_n these_o tree_n grow_v to_o be_v very_o large_a and_o exceed_v fruitful_a bear_v a_o fair_a round_a pear_n red_a on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o yellow_a on_o the_o other_o when_o full_o ripe_a it_o oftentimes_o fall_v from_o the_o tree_n which_o common_o break_v it_o but_o it_o be_v of_o a_o nature_n so_o harsh_a that_o the_o hog_n will_v hardly_o eat_v they_o they_o usual_o plant_v the_o stock_n first_o and_o when_o of_o competent_a bigness_n and_o tall_a enough_o to_o prevent_v cattle_n graft_v upon_o they_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o where_o land_n be_v plow_v and_o dress_v for_o corn_n the_o tree_n thrive_v much_o better_a than_o in_o the_o pasture-ground_n so_o as_o divers_a orchard_n be_v yearly_o plow_v and_o sow_v with_o corn_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o suffer_v their_o swine_n to_o eat_v upon_o the_o ground_n without_o cut_v and_o such_o plantation_n seldom_o or_o never_o fail_v of_o plentiful_a crop_n especial_o in_o the_o rye-land_n or_o light_a ground_n about_o michaelmas_n be_v make_v the_o best_a cider_n and_o that_o of_o such_o fruit_n as_o drop_n from_o the_o tree_n be_v perfect_o mature_a and_o if_o any_o be_v gather_v soon_o they_o let_v they_o lie_v in_o the_o house_n 8_o or_o 9_o day_n for_o the_o better_a mellow_n the_o best_a mill_n to_o grind_v in_o be_v those_o of_o stone_n which_o resemble_v a_o mill_n stone_n set_v edge-way_n move_v round_o the_o trough_n by_o a_o horse_n till_o the_o fruit_n be_v bruise_v small_a enough_o for_o the_o press_n this_o do_v then_o put_v it_o up_o into_o a_o crib_n make_v with_o strong_a studd_n and_o oaken_a or_o haisel_n twig_n about_o 3_o foot_n high_a and_o 2½_n wide_a which_o be_v place_v on_o a_o stone_n or_o wooden_a cheese-fat_a a_o foot_n broad_a than_o the_o crib_n fit_v to_o a_o round_a trough_n for_o the_o liquor_n to_o pass_v into_o the_o cistern_n which_o be_v a_o large_a vessel_n when_o the_o crib_n be_v fill_v with_o the_o foresay_a ground_n fruit_n they_o put_v a_o stone_n upon_o it_o but_o first_o they_o fit_v a_o circle_n of_o fresh_a straw_n about_o the_o crib_n to_o preserve_v the_o must_v which_o be_v the_o bruise_a fruit_n from_o strain_v through_o the_o crib_n when_o they_o apply_v the_o skrew_n which_o be_v two_o in_o number_n and_o of_o a_o good_a size_n turn_v in_o a_o great_a beam_n and_o so_o be_v wring_v down_o upon_o the_o crib_n within_o which_o they_o place_v two_o wide_a and_o thick_a cheese-fats_a and_o several_a block_n upon_o the_o fruit_n to_o crush_v it_o down_o with_o the_o more_o force_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o be_v wring_v so_o dry_a as_o nothing_o can_v be_v have_v more_o out_o of_o it_o a_o crib_n will_v contain_v at_o once_o as_o much_o ground_n fruit_n as_o will_v make_v above_o a_o hogshead_n of_o cider_n and_o there_o may_v be_v dispatch_v six_o or_o seven_o such_o vessel_n in_o one_o day_n when_o the_o press_v be_v finish_v they_o take_v out_o the_o fruit_n and_o put_v it_o into_o a_o great_a fat_a pour_v several_a payl_n of_o water_n to_o it_o which_o be_v well_o impregn_v be_v ground_n again_o slight_o in_o the_o mill_n to_o make_v a_o ordinary_a cider_n for_o the_o servant_n this_o they_o usual_o drink_v all_o the_o year_n about_o when_o the_o best_a liquor_n be_v â—uned_v up_o they_o common_o leave_v the_o bunghole_n open_a for_o nine_o or_o ten_o day_n to_o ferment_n and_o purify_v for_o though_o in_o most_o place_n they_o add_v strain_v to_o all_o this_o yet_o some_o of_o the_o husk_n and_o ordure_n will_v remain_v in_o it_o the_o vessel_n after_o a_o day_n or_o two_o stand_v be_v fill_v up_o and_o still_o as_o the_o cider_n waste_v in_o work_v they_o supply_v it_o again_o till_o no_o more_o filth_n rise_v and_o then_o stop_v it_o up_o very_o accurate_o close_a leave_v only_o a_o small_a breathe_a hole_n to_o give_v it_o air_n for_o a_o month_n after_o and_o to_o prevent_v the_o burst_n of_o the_o vessel_n note_v that_o they_o sometime_o put_v â…”_n pear_n and_o â…“_n of_o apple_n the_o usual_a name_n of_o gloucestershire_n cider-fruit_n redstreak_n grow_v chief_o in_o the_o rye-land_n sweet_a white-musts_a red-must_a the_o winter-must_a the_o streak-must_a the_o gennet-moyl_a the_o woodcock-apple_n the_o bromsgrove-crab_n the_o great-white-crab_n the_o heming_n and_o divers_a other_o sort_n but_o these_o be_v the_o principal_a the_o pear_n for_o perry_n be_v the_o red_a squash-pear_n esteem_v the_o best_a the_o john-pear_n the_o harpary_n green-pear_n the_o drake-pear_n the_o green_a squash-pear_n the_o mary-pear_n the_o lullam-pear_n these_o be_v the_o chief_a another_o account_n of_o cider_n from_o a_o 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cider_n make_v of_o green_n and_o immature_n fruit_n will_v not_o fine_a kind_o and_o when_o it_o do_v it_o abide_v not_o long_o good_a but_o sudden_o become_v â—agre_a 9_o cider_n keep_v in_o very_o cool_a cellar_n if_o make_v of_o ripe_a fruit_n render_v it_o long_o in_o fine_v and_o sometime_o cider_n by_o expose_v abroad_o in_o the_o sun_n and_o keep_v warm_a have_v soon_o mature_v and_o continue_v long_o good_a but_o the_o best_a drink_n be_v that_o which_o fine_n of_o itself_o preserve_v in_o a_o indifferent_a temper_n 10._o all_o cider_n suffer_v fermentation_n when_o tree_n be_v blossom_a though_o it_o be_v never_o so_o old_a and_o cider_n of_o very_a ripe_a fruit_n if_o bottled_a in_o that_o season_n will_v acquire_v a_o fragrancy_n of_o the_o blossom_n 11._o new_a cider_n and_o all_o diluted_a and_o water_v cider_n be_v great_a
a_o elm_n too_o big_a there_o be_v who_o pair_v away_o the_o root_n within_o two_o finger_n of_o the_o stem_n and_o quite_o cut_v off_o the_o head_n but_o i_o can_v commend_v this_o extreme_a severity_n no_o more_o than_o i_o do_v the_o strew_v of_o oat_n in_o the_o pit_n which_o ferment_v with_o the_o moisture_n and_o frequent_a watering_n be_v believe_v much_o to_o accelerate_v the_o put_n forth_o of_o the_o root_n not_o consider_v that_o for_o want_v of_o air_n they_o corrupt_v and_o grow_v musty_a which_o more_o frequent_o suffocate_v the_o root_n and_o endanger_v the_o whole_a tree_n 7._o i_o have_v affirm_v how_o patient_a this_o tree_n be_v of_o transplantation_n not_o only_o for_o that_o i_o observe_v so_o few_o of_o they_o to_o grow_v wild_a in_o england_n and_o where_o it_o may_v not_o be_v suspect_v but_o they_o or_o their_o predecessor_n have_v be_v plant_v by_o some_o industrious_a hand_n but_o for_o that_o those_o incomparable_a walk_n and_o vistas_n of_o they_o both_o 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vlmorum_fw-la tractu_fw-la longo_fw-la quantum_fw-la ipsa_fw-la tuentum_fw-la lumina_fw-la vel_fw-la gressus_fw-la valeant_fw-la lustrare_fw-la sequentum_fw-la rapinus_n 8._o the_o elm_n delight_v in_o a_o sound_n sweet_a and_o fertile_a land_n something_o more_o incline_v to_o moisture_n and_o where_o good_a pasture_n be_v produce_v though_o it_o will_v also_o prosper_v in_o the_o gravelly_a provide_v there_o be_v a_o competent_a depth_n of_o mould_n and_o be_v refresh_v with_o spring_n in_o defect_n of_o which_o be_v plant_v on_o the_o very_a surface_n of_o the_o ground_n the_o swarth_a pare_v first_o away_o and_o the_o earth_n stir_v a_o foot_n deep_a or_o more_o they_o will_v undoubted_o succeed_v but_o in_o this_o trial_n let_v the_o root_n be_v handsome_o spread_v and_o cover_v a_o foot_n or_o more_o in_o height_n and_o above_o all_o firm_o stake_v this_o be_v practicable_a also_o for_o other_o tree_n where_o the_o soil_n be_v over_o moist_a or_o unkind_a for_o as_o the_o elm_n do_v not_o thrive_v in_o too_o dry_a sandy_a or_o hot_a ground_n no_o more_o will_v it_o abide_v the_o cold_a and_o spongy_a but_o in_o place_n that_o be_v competent_o fertile_a or_o a_o little_a elevate_v from_o these_o annoyance_n as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o mound_n and_o casting_n up_o of_o ditch_n upon_o who_o bank_n the_o female_a sort_n do_v more_o natural_o delight_n though_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v so_o much_o more_o addict_v to_o some_o place_n than_o to_o other_o that_o i_o have_v frequent_o doubt_v whether_o it_o be_v a_o pure_a indigene_fw-la or_o translatitious_a and_o not_o only_o because_o i_o have_v hardly_o ever_o know_v any_o considerable_a wood_n of_o they_o beside_o some_o few_o nursery_n near_o cambridge_n plant_v i_o suppose_v for_o store_n but_o almost_o continual_o in_o tuft_n hedgrowe_n and_o mound_n and_o that_o shropshire_n and_o several_a other_o county_n have_v rare_o any_o grow_v in_o many_o mile_n together_o 9_o the_o elm_n be_v by_o reason_n of_o its_o aspire_a and_o taper_a growth_n unless_o it_o be_v top_v to_o enlarge_v the_o branch_n and_o make_v they_o spread_v low_a the_o least_o offensive_a to_o corn_n and_o pasture_n ground_n to_o both_o which_o and_o the_o cattle_n they_o afford_v a_o benign_a shade_n defence_n and_o agreeable_a ornament_n 10._o it_o will_v be_v plant_v as_o shallow_a as_o may_v be_v for_o as_o we_o note_v deep_o inter_v of_o root_n be_v among_o the_o catholic_n mistake_n and_o of_o this_o the_o great_a to_o which_o tree_n be_v obnoxious_a let_v new_o plant_v elm_n be_v keep_v moist_a by_o frequent_a refresh_n upon_o some_o half-rotten_a fern_n or_o litter_n lay_v about_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o stem_n the_o earth_n a_o little_a stir_v and_o depress_v for_o the_o better_a reception_n and_o retention_n of_o the_o water_n 11._o last_o your_o plantation_n must_v above_o all_o thing_n be_v careful_o preserve_v from_o cattle_n and_o the_o concussion_n of_o impetuous_a wind_n till_o they_o be_v out_o of_o reach_n 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the_o trunk_n when_o they_o be_v lope_v but_o this_o be_v to_o my_o certain_a observation_n a_o very_a great_a mistake_n either_o in_o the_o relator_n or_o author_n for_o i_o have_v note_v many_o elm_n so_o disbranch_a that_o the_o remain_a stub_n grow_v immediate_o hollow_a and_o be_v as_o so_o many_o conduit_n or_o pipe_n to_o hold_v and_o convey_v the_o rain_n to_o the_o very_a body_n and_o heart_n of_o the_o tree_n 13._o there_o be_v a_o cloister_n of_o the_o right_a french_a elm_n in_o the_o little_a garden_n near_o to_o her_o majesty_n the_o queen_n mother_n chapel_n at_o somersethouse_n which_o be_v i_o suppose_v plant_v there_o by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o f.f._n capuchin_n that_o will_v perfect_o direct_v you_o to_o the_o incomparable_a use_n of_o this_o noble_a tree_n for_o shade_n and_o delight_n into_o whatever_o figure_n you_o will_v accustom_v they_o i_o have_v myself_o procure_v some_o of_o they_o from_o paris_n but_o they_o be_v so_o abuse_v in_o the_o 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