Selected quad for the lemma: ground_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
ground_n	crop_n	year_n	yield_v	239	4	7.6753	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A93046	The history of the propagation & improvement of vegetables by the concurrence of art and nature: shewing the several ways for the propagation of plants usually cultivated in England, as they are increased by seed, off-sets, suckers, truncheons, cuttings, slips, laying, circumposition, the several ways of graftings and inoculations; as likewise the methods for improvement and best culture of field, orchard, and garden plants, the means used for remedy of annoyances incident to them; with the effect of nature, and her manner of working upon the several endeavors and operations of the artist. Written according to observations made from experience and practice: / by Robert Sharrock, Fellow of New Colledge.	Sharrock, Robert, 1630-1684.	1659 (1659)	Wing S3010; Thomason E1731_2; ESTC R200918	91,082	174

you_o see_v what_o manner_n of_o flower_n they_o will_v bear_v many_o of_o they_o be_v thus_o order_v if_o your_o mould_n be_v fine_a loose_a and_o fresh_a not_o stony_a clayish_a or_o from_o a_o middin_fw-mi will_v bear_v flower_n the_o second_o year_n after_o the_o sow_v and_o most_o or_o all_o of_o they_o the_o three_o year_n if_o your_o ground_n be_v frêe_v from_o smoke_n and_o other_o annoyance_n nay_o mr._n austen_n of_o wadham_n coll._n a_o skilful_a florist_n assure_v i_o that_o he_o have_v have_v anemone_n from_o the_o seed_n sow_v in_o summer_n that_o be_v in_o flower_n within_o ten_o month_n of_o the_o time_n of_o their_o sow_v n._n 3._o clovergrasse_n be_v esteem_v as_o great_a a_o improvement_n as_o any_o our_o ground_n be_v capable_a of_o i_o shall_v add_v such_o special_a direction_n as_o be_v give_v for_o the_o order_n thereof_o sir_n richard_n weston_n observation_n and_o rule_n be_v as_o fallow_v clovergrasse-seed_n thrive_v best_a when_o you_o sow_v it_o in_o the_o worst_a and_o barren_a ground_n such_o as_o our_o worst_a heath_n ground_n in_o england_n the_o ground_n be_v thus_o prepare_v for_o seed_n first_o pare_v of_o the_o heath_n then_o make_v the_o pare_n into_o little_a hill_n you_o may_v put_v to_o one_o hill_n as_o much_o pare_n as_o come_v off_o from_o a_o rod_n or_o pole_n of_o ground_n which_o be_v the_o square_a of_o sixteen_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a the_o hill_n be_v sufficient_o make_v and_o prepare_v as_o they_o do_v in_o devonshire_v as_o we_o call_v it_o be_v to_o be_v fire_v and_o burn_v into_o ash_n and_o unto_o the_o ash_n of_o every_o hill_n you_o must_v put_v a_o peck_n of_o unslake_a lime_n the_o lime_n be_v to_o be_v cover_v over_o with_o the_o ash_n and_o so_o to_o stand_v till_o rain_n come_v and_o slake_v the_o lime_n after_o that_o mingle_v your_o ash_n and_o lime_n together_o and_o so_o spread_v it_o over_o your_o land_n this_o do_v either_o against_o or_o short_o after_o rain_n plough_n and_o sow_v plough_v not_o above_o four_o inch_n deep_a and_o not_o in_o furrow_n but_o as_o plain_a as_o you_o can_v and_o to_o make_v it_o yet_o plain_o harrow_v afterward_o and_o that_o with_o bush_n under_o your_o harrow_n the_o ground_n be_v thus_o prepare_v you_o may_v sow_v your_o seed_n a_o acre_n of_o ground_n will_v take_v about_o ten_o pound_n of_o clover-grasse-seed_n which_o be_v in_o measure_n somewhat_o more_o than_o half_a a_o peck_n the_o chief_a season_n for_o sow_v it_o be_v april_n or_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o march._n about_o the_o five_o of_o june_n it_o will_v be_v ready_a to_o be_v cut_v it_o yield_v excellent_a hay_n the_o time_n of_o cut_v it_o will_v be_v more_o exact_o know_v by_o observe_v when_o it_o begin_v to_o knot_n for_o that_o be_v the_o time_n and_o ere_o the_o year_n be_v do_v it_o will_v yield_v you_o three_o of_o those_o crop_n all_o of_o they_o very_o good_a hay_n and_o after_o you_o have_v thus_o cut_v it_o the_o three_o time_n you_o may_v then_o feed_v the_o ground_n with_o cattle_n all_o the_o winter_n as_o you_o do_v other_o ground_n but_o if_o you_o intend_v to_o preserve_v seed_n then_o must_v you_o expect_v but_o two_o crop_n that_o year_n and_o you_o must_v cut_v the_o first_o according_a to_o the_o foresay_a direction_n but_o the_o second_o growth_n must_v be_v let_v stand_v till_o the_o seed_n of_o it_o be_v come_v to_o a_o full_a and_o dead_a ripeness_n and_o then_o must_v you_o cut_v it_o and_o thresh_v the_o top_n and_o so_o preserve_v the_o seed_n you_o shall_v have_v at_o least_o five_o bushel_n of_o seed_n from_o every_o acre_n this_o seed_n thus_o thresh_v off_o there_o will_v be_v leave_v long_a stalk_n these_o your_o cattle_n will_v eat_v but_o when_o they_o grow_v old_a and_o hard_a you_o be_v to_o boil_v those_o stalk_n and_o make_v a_o mash_n of_o they_o and_o it_o will_v be_v very_o nourish_v either_o for_o hog_n or_o any_o thing_n that_o eat_v thereof_o after_o the_o second_o cut_v for_o seed_n you_o must_v cut_v that_o year_n no_o more_o but_o as_o it_o spring_v again_o feed_v it_o with_o cattle_n one_o acre_n of_o it_o will_v feed_v you_o as_o many_o cow_n as_o six_o ordinary_a acre_n and_o you_o will_v find_v your_o milk_n much_o rich_a which_o induce_v some_o not_o to_o cut_v it_o at_o all_o but_o only_o to_o graze_v it_o for_o their_o dairy_n be_v once_o sow_v it_o will_v last_v five_o year_n and_o then_o be_v plough_v it_o will_v yield_v three_o or_o four_o year_n together_o rich_a crop_n of_o wheat_n and_o after_o that_o a_o crop_n of_o oat_n and_o as_o the_o oat_n begin_v to_o come_v up_o then_o sow_v it_o with_o clover-seed_n which_o be_v in_o itself_o excellent_a manure_n for_o your_o need_n not_o bestow_v any_o new_a dress_n upon_o the_o ground_n and_o by_o that_o time_n you_o have_v cut_v your_o oat_n you_o will_v find_v a_o delicare_fw-la grass_n grow_v up_o underneath_o upon_o which_o if_o you_o please_v you_o may_v graze_v with_o cattle_n or_o horse_n all_o that_o year_n after_o and_o the_o next_o year_n take_v your_o crop_n as_o before_o at_o pleasure_n to_o prevent_v mistake_n i_o must_v give_v this_o advertisement_n that_o whereas_o sir_n richard_n weston_n commend_v heathy_a ground_n he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o dry_a and_o barren_a ground_n without_o its_o best_a manure_n by_o chalk_n lime_n and_o the_o like_o artifices_fw-la of_o husbandry_n for_o otherwise_o it_o have_v fail_v in_o the_o growth_n &_o improvement_n thereby_o expect_v mr._n blithe_n commend_v ground_n natural_o good_a betwixt_o ten_o and_o twenty_o shilling_n a_o acre_n give_v this_o general_a rule_n that_o no_o land_n can_v be_v too_o good_a for_o clover_n that_o be_v not_o too_o good_a for_o corn._n hemp_n and_o flax_n be_v use_v to_o have_v the_o same_o culture_n and_o the_o best_a husbandry_n that_o i_o have_v observe_v of_o they_o have_v be_v in_o staffordshire_n where_o this_o procedure_n be_v general_o observe_v about_o the_o beginning_n or_o middle_n of_o april_n the_o flax_n seed_n be_v sow_v upon_o new_a break_a ground_n immediate_o upon_o its_o be_v break_v up_o the_o seed_n they_o either_o have_v from_o their_o own_o crop_n or_o buy_v it_o from_o a_o warm_a country_n mr._n blithe_n report_v the_o true_a east-country_n seed_n to_o be_v far_o the_o best_a who_o for_o trial_n of_o both_o sow_v on_o the_o same_o land_n the_o ridge_n or_o middle_n with_o our_o country_n seed_n and_o both_o the_o furrow_n with_o dutch_a or_o east-country_n seed_n such_o as_o be_v buy_v in_o the_o seedsmens_n shop_n at_o billingsgate_n in_o london_n the_o effect_n be_v that_o our_o seed_n though_o on_o the_o ridge_n it_o have_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o ground_n be_v encompass_v with_o the_o dutch_a as_o with_o a_o wall_n about_o it_o so_o much_o the_o eastern_a seed_n do_v out_o grow_v it_o he_o likewise_o for_o warm_a part_n as_o essex_n and_o kent_n think_v mid-march_n a_o convenient_a feason_n for_o sow_v it_o if_o weed_n grow_v therein_o they_o careful_o weed_v their_o crop_n and_o pull_v it_o in_o dry_a weather_n when_o it_o look_v yellow_a lest_o grow_v over_o ripe_a it_o blacken_v and_o mildew_n and_o tie_v it_o up_o in_o handful_n that_o it_o may_v perfect_o dry_v then_o they_o ripple_v it_o be_v that_o they_o get_v out_o the_o seed_n by_o draw_v it_o through_o a_o ●ngine_n like_o a_o iron_n double_a tooth_n comb_n which_o they_o call_v a_o ripple_n the_o bole_n of_o seed_n pull_v off_o they_o lay_v on_o a_o board_v or_o plaster_v floor_n to_o dry_a it_o be_v dry_v they_o lay_v it_o up_o and_o thresh_v it_o not_o out_o of_o the_o bole_n till_o march_n when_o they_o winnow_v it_o clean_o from_o the_o husk_n the_o water_v of_o it_o be_v thus_o the_o flax_n be_v well_o dry_v they_o bound_v up_o about_o 20_o handful_n in_o a_o bundle_n and_o put_v many_o of_o these_o bundle_n together_o they_o stake_v they_o down_o in_o the_o water_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v carry_v away_o by_o the_o stream_n the_o flax_n abide_v in_o water_n 4_o or_o 5_o day_n and_o night_n than_o they_o spread_v it_o on_o the_o grass_n that_o it_o may_v dry_v turn_v it_o every_o 3_o day_n and_o when_o it_o be_v full_o dry_v they_o lay_v it_o up_o and_o house_n it_o and_o when_o they_o see_v their_o occasion_n they_o use_v their_o brake_n and_o crack_n instrument_n devise_v for_o the_o purpose_n to_o bring_v the_o tow_n from_o the_o flax._fw-la the_o whole_a government_n and_o husbandry_n of_o hemp_n from_o the_o seed_n to_o the_o distaff_n be_v so_o like_o this_o of_o flax_n that_o the_o same_o example_n and_o rule_n may_v very_o well_o serve_v for_o both_o woad_n according_a to_o mr._n bliths_n direction_n be_v

the_o autumn_n but_o i_o have_v see_v it_o with_o good_a success_n sow_v in_o the_o spring_n and_o harrow_v in_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o sow_a barley_n the_o crop_n be_v as_o good_a as_o any_o other_o time_n upon_o the_o same_o ground_n after_o the_o usual_a country_n procedure_v some_o seed_n must_v be_v sow_v dry_a not_o after_o rain_n or_o water_v of_o this_o kind_n be_v myrrhis_fw-la seed_n basil_n scorzonera_n and_o all_o such_o as_o be_v wet_a run_v to_o a_o mucilage_n many_o time_n they_o sow_v divers_a seed_n in_o a_o bed_n together_o as_o radish_n and_o carrot_n that_o by_o such_o time_n as_o the_o carrot_n come_v up_o the_o radish_n may_v be_v go_v upon_o bed_n new_o set_v with_o licorice_n they_o sow_v onion_n or_o radish_n or_o lettuce_n if_o their_o licorice_n plant_n or_o ground_n be_v but_o weak_a so_o as_o not_o quick_o to_o cause_v a_o shadow_n with_o their_o leaf_n london_n gardiner_n sow_n radish_n lettuce_n parsley_n carrot_n on_o the_o same_o bed_n gather_v each_o in_o their_o season_n and_o leave_v the_o parsnip_n till_o the_o winter_n before_o which_o time_n they_o be_v not_o esteem_v good_a or_o wholesome_a note_v that_o where_o your_o ground_n be_v very_o warm_a by_o reason_n of_o hedge_n hot_a bed_n dunghill_n etc._n etc._n that_o may_v abate_v the_o power_n of_o the_o frost_n seed_n may_v be_v venture_v into_o the_o ground_n much_o soon_o than_o otherwise_o in_o ordinary_a place_n cabbage_n seed_n and_o coleflower_v be_v sow_v in_o august_n or_o so_o timely_a as_o to_o be_v exact_o well_o root_v plant_n before_o winter_n and_o this_o be_v the_o best_a way_n or_o be_v sow_v after_o so_o that_o they_o be_v transplant_v in_o the_o time_n of_o cold_a this_o way_n be_v hazardous_a in_o the_o winter_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o nip_a frost_n and_o chargeable_a in_o that_o they_o require_v much_o attendance_n and_o cover_v and_o uncover_v which_o those_o plant_n that_o be_v confirm_v before_o winter_n do_v not_o second_o they_o be_v more_o subject_n to_o caterpillar_n in_o the_o summer_n but_o the_o way_n of_o raise_v of_o they_o by_o hot_a bed_n in_o the_o spring_n for_o cabbage_n be_v the_o worst_a way_n of_o all_o and_o most_o subject_a to_o the_o peril_n of_o that_o vermin_n those_o plant_n of_o the_o spring_n sow_v that_o you_o sow_v late_a than_o ordinary_a require_v to_o be_v the_o more_o water_v and_o shadow_v from_o the_o heat_n those_o in_o the_o spring_n that_o be_v sow_v early_o than_o ordinary_a require_v the_o more_o to_o be_v defend_v from_o the_o cold_a those_o in_o the_o autumn_n that_o you_o premature_o sow_v be_v to_o be_v water_v and_o shadow_v the_o more_o those_o which_o you_o sow_v late_o be_v to_o be_v better_o defend_v from_o the_o winter_n till_o they_o have_v get_v strength_n n._n 4._o example_n of_o sow_v with_o some_o particular_a direction_n for_o some_o choice_a vegetable_n examp._n 1_o from_o mr._n parkinson_n direct_v skilful_o the_o order_n of_o tulip_n in_o their_o propagation_n by_o seed_n the_o first_o example_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o out_o of_o mr._n parkinson_n the_o time_n say_v he_o and_o manner_n of_o sow_v tulip-seed_n be_v thus_o you_o may_v not_o sow_v they_o in_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o year_n if_o you_o hope_v to_o have_v any_o good_a of_o they_o but_o in_o the_o autumn_n or_o present_o after_o they_o be_v through_o ripe_a and_o dry_a yet_o if_o you_o sow_v they_o not_o until_o the_o end_n of_o octob._n they_o will_v come_v forward_o never_o the_o worse_o but_o rather_o the_o better_a for_o it_o be_v often_o see_v that_o overear_o sow_v cause_v they_o to_o spring_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n overear_o so_o that_o if_o a_o sharp_a spring_n chance_n to_o follow_v it_o may_v go_v near_o to_o spoil_v all_o or_o most_o of_o the_o seed_n we_o usual_o sow_v the_o same_o year_n seed_n yet_o if_o you_o chance_v to_o keep_v of_o your_o own_o or_o have_v of_o other_o such_o seed_n as_o be_v two_o year_n old_a they_o will_v thrive_v and_o do_v well_o enough_o especial_o if_o they_o be_v ripe_a and_o well_o gather_v you_o must_v not_o sow_v they_o too_o thick_a for_o so_o do_v have_v lose_v many_o a_o peck_n of_o seed_n for_o if_o the_o seed_n lie_v one_o upon_o another_o that_o it_o have_v not_o room_n upon_o the_o sprout_v to_o enter_v or_o take_v root_n in_o the_o earth_n it_o perish_v by_o and_o by_o some_o use_n to_o tread_v down_o the_o ground_n where_o they_o mean_v to_o sow_v their_o seed_n and_o have_v sow_v they_o thereon_o do_v cover_v they_o over_o the_o thickness_n of_o a_o man_n thumb_n with_o fine_a fifted_a earth_n and_o they_o think_v they_o do_v well_o and_o have_v good_a reason_n for_o it_o for_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o young_a tulip_n root_n be_v to_o run_v down_o deep_o into_o the_o ground_n every_o year_n more_o than_o other_o they_o think_v to_o hinder_v their_o quick_a descent_n by_o the_o fastness_n of_o the_o ground_n that_o so_o they_o may_v increase_v the_o better_a this_o way_n may_v please_v some_o but_o i_o do_v not_o use_v it_o nor_o can_v find_v the_o reason_n sufficient_a for_o they_o do_v not_o consider_v that_o the_o stifness_n of_o the_o earth_n do_v cause_v the_o root_n of_o the_o young_a tulip_n to_o be_v long_o before_o they_o grow_v great_a in_o that_o the_o stiff_a ground_n do_v more_o hinder_v the_o well_o thrive_a of_o the_o root_n than_o a_o loose_a do_v and_o although_o the_o root_n do_v run_v down_o deep_o in_o a_o loose_a earth_n yet_o they_o may_v easy_o by_v transplant_n be_v holpen_v and_o raise_v up_o high_a enough_o i_o have_v also_o see_v some_o tulip_n not_o once_o remove_v from_o their_o sow_v to_o their_o flower_a but_o if_o you_o will_v not_o loose_v they_o you_o must_v take_v they_o up_o while_o their_o leaf_n or_o stalk_n be_v fresh_a and_o not_o wither_v for_o if_o you_o do_v not_o follow_v the_o stalk_n down_o to_o the_o root_n be_v it_o never_o so_o deep_a you_o will_v leave_v they_o behind_o you_o the_o ground_n also_o must_v be_v respect_v for_o the_o fine_a soft_a and_o rich_a the_o mould_n be_v wherein_o you_o sow_v the_o seed_n the_o great_a shall_v be_v your_o increase_n and_o variety_n sift_v it_o therefore_o from_o stone_n and_o rubbish_n and_o let_v it_o be_v either_o fat_a natural_a ground_n of_o itself_o or_o be_v muckt_v let_v it_o be_v thorough_o rot_v some_o i_o know_v to_o mend_v their_o ground_n do_v make_v such_o a_o mixture_n of_o ground_n that_o they_o mar_v it_o in_o the_o make_n ferrarius_fw-la bid_v that_o the_o seed_n be_v sow_v in_o septemb_n as_o soon_o as_o rain_n shall_v make_v the_o ground_n fit_a half_o a_o finger_n breadth_n in_o good_a garden_n mould_n not_o to_o be_v remove_v in_o two_o year_n after_o at_o which_o time_n they_o be_v to_o be_v remove_v and_o place_v in_o several_a bed_n according_a to_o their_o several_a bigness_n where_o in_o 4_o or_o 5_o year_n they_o will_v bear_v their_o flower_n example_n 2._o of_o anemone_n within_o a_o month_n after_o the_o seed_n of_o anemone_n be_v gather_v and_o prepare_v in_o august_n say_v ferrarius_fw-la or_o three_o day_n before_o the_o full_a moon_n in_o septemb_n it_o must_v be_v sow_o for_o by_o that_o mean_v you_o shall_v gain_v a_o year_n in_o the_o grow_a over_o that_o you_o shall_v do_v if_o you_o sow_v it_o the_o next_o spring_n if_o there_o remain_v any_o wooliness_n in_o the_o seed_n pull_v it_o asunder_o as_o well_o as_o you_o can_v and_o then_o sow_v your_o seed_n reasonable_o thin_a upon_o a_o plain_a smooth_a bed_n of_o fine_a earth_n or_o rather_o in_o pot_n or_o tub_n and_o after_o the_o sow_a sift_n or_o gentle_o strew_v over_o they_o some_o fine_a good_a fresh_a mould_n about_o one_o finger_n thickness_n at_o the_o most_o for_o the_o first_o time_n and_o about_o a_o month_n after_o their_o spring_v up_o sift_n or_o strew_v over_o they_o in_o like_a manner_n this_o be_v a_o necessary_a circumstance_n another_o finger_n thickness_n of_o fine_a earth_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n if_o the_o weather_n prove_v dry_a you_o must_v water_v they_o gentle_o and_o often_o and_o thus_o do_v you_o shall_v have_v they_o spring_v up_o before_o winter_n and_o grow_v pretty_a strong_a able_a to_o abide_v the_o sharp_a winter_n in_o their_o nonage_n in_o use_v some_o little_a care_n to_o cover_v they_o loose_o with_o fearne_n furze_n or_o bean-straw_n or_o any_o such_o thing_n which_o must_v neither_o close_v to_o nor_o too_o far_o from_o they_o the_o next_o spring_n after_o the_o sow_v or_o which_o be_v better_o the_o next_o august_n you_o may_v remove_v they_o and_o set_v they_o in_o order_n by_o row_v with_o sufficient_a distance_n one_o from_o another_o where_o they_o may_v abide_v until_o

thick_a will_v do_v the_o same_o but_o rather_o by_o a_o actual_a heat_n which_o it_o create_v by_o its_o fermentation_n than_o by_o the_o power_n of_o single_a principle_n as_o in_o the_o former_a instance_n but_o the_o excess_n of_o it_o be_v harmful_a be_v lay_v in_o such_o quantity_n as_o it_o may_v heat_n and_o certain_o burn_v the_o root_n of_o any_o ordinary_a vegerable_n that_o grow_v near_o it_o sheep-dung_n fog-dung_n likewise_o and_o all_o soil_n and_o litter_n of_o cattle_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o dung_n urine_n and_o heat_n of_o their_o body_n lie_v thereon_o have_v a_o warmth_n in_o they_o and_o be_v fit_a for_o cold_a land_n on_o that_o account_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o moisture_n for_o dry_a land_n also_o for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o many_o ground_n be_v dry_a and_o cold_a too_o in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o north_n and_o northwest_n as_o england_n lie_v and_o in_o england_n many_o of_o our_o wood-land_n especial_o and_o so_o all_o hot_a and_o moist_a soil_n be_v most_o proper_a for_o they_o burn_v and_o beak_v be_v in_o many_o place_n very_o successful_o use_v to_o this_o effect_n the_o actual_a fire_n heat_n the_o ground_n and_o the_o ash_n of_o fern_n brake_n heath_n etc._n etc._n of_o like_a nature_n yield_v a_o salt_n very_o profitable_a for_o and_o expedient_a to_o join_v with_o the_o other_o principle_n in_o the_o ground_n to_o cause_v a_o fermentation_n and_o fruitfulness_n it_o be_v a_o general_a rule_n that_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o animal_n body_n but_o will_v turn_v to_o excellent_a manure_n their_o horn_n bone_n hair_n hesh_n both_o of_o beast_n fish_n and_o fowl_n be_v very_o rich_a and_o those_o that_o know_v the_o virtue_n of_o they_o buy_v at_o city_n for_o the_o purpose_n rag_n which_o be_v make_v of_o wool_n sheep-trotter_n stink_a fish_n or_o other_o offal_n of_o animal_n which_o must_v either_o be_v mix_v with_o other_o dung_n or_o not_o lay_v over_o thick_a but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o where_o moisture_n be_v rather_o require_v than_o heat_n there_o float_v by_o land-flood_n the_o dirt_n and_o mud_n of_o pond_n and_o highway_n be_v most_o proper_a where_o warmth_n and_o heat_n be_v a_o great_a need_n there_o soil_n that_o be_v make_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o the_o offal_n of_o animal_n will_v be_v more_o to_o the_o purpose_n and_o advantage_n of_o the_o husbandman_n last_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o any_o thing_n that_o have_v active_a part_n in_o it_o if_o it_o be_v not_o just_a of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n will_v raise_v improvement_n heterogeneous_a thing_n upon_o their_o meeting_n ordinary_o cause_v than_o stir_n which_o be_v think_v by_o most_o naturalist_n now_o to_o have_v great_a influence_n upon_o vegeration_n n._n 3._o the_o way_n of_o improvement_n of_o dry_a light_n sandy_a gravelly_a flinty_a land_n by_o float_v marle_n chalk_n lime_n dryness_n be_v general_o a_o great_a cause_n of_o barrenness_n and_o be_v a_o usual_a annoyance_n in_o sandy_n and_o gravelly_a ground_n more_o especial_o in_o regard_n that_o they_o retain_v not_o the_o rain-water_n so_o well_o as_o clay_n or_o land_n of_o a_o mix_a soil_n the_o proper_a remedy_n for_o this_o defect_n be_v artificial_a water_v which_o temper_v the_o ground_n most_o proper_o for_o the_o improvement_n of_o the_o growth_n of_o the_o most_o useful_a plant_n grain_n and_o grass_n for_o first_o water_n in_o its_o own_o nature_n and_o property_n be_v a_o soil_n and_o have_v a_o exceed_a agreeableness_n with_o the_o body_n of_o most_o vegetable_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o experiment_n of_o their_o growth_n in_o water_n only_o and_o second_o there_o be_v a_o very_a considerable_a accrewment_n to_o dry_v sandy_a and_o gravelly_a earth_n by_o the_o fatty_a soil_n and_o wash_v that_o be_v carry_v both_o in_o land-flood_n and_o other_o water_n that_o have_v pass_v through_o city_n road_n or_o other_o place_n of_o like_a nature_n be_v draw_v over_o the_o ground_n for_o the_o salt_n and_o other_o the_o mix_a earth_n that_o be_v carry_v in_o the_o flood_n be_v apt_a to_o reside_v to_o the_o bottom_n be_v leave_v general_o behind_o upon_o the_o land_n and_o the_o salt_n dilute_v in_o the_o water_n easy_o enter_v the_o turf_n and_o carry_v with_o it_o other_o particle_n thither_o where_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n they_o be_v in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o sand_n gravel_n or_o other_o body_n heterogeneous_a and_o unlike_a to_o themselves_o they_o cause_v by_o their_o mutual_a fermentation_n as_o be_v suppose_v or_o some_o other_o way_n that_o temper_n of_o ground_n which_o be_v most_o fit_a for_o the_o growth_n of_o all_o grain_n grass_n and_o other_o vegetable_n of_o general_a use_n for_o draw_v the_o water_n over_o land_n the_o use_n be_v that_o by_o the_o eye_n or_o level_v which_o be_v easy_o make_v to_o help_v the_o eye_n first_o discovery_n be_v make_v where_o the_o water_n may_v be_v convey_v over_o the_o most_o land_n then_o mr._n blithe_n advise_v to_o cut_v our_o the_o master_n trench_n or_o watercourse_n to_o such_o a_o bigness_n as_o may_v contain_v all_o the_o land-flood_n or_o at_o least_o be_v able_a to_o bring_v it_o within_o the_o land_n intend_v for_o this_o improvement_n when_o the_o water_n be_v bring_v thither_o carry_v it_o along_o in_o a_o foot_n broad_a trench_n or_o lesser_a all_o along_o the_o level_n if_o the_o level_n be_v too_o dead_a the_o lesser_a stream_n will_v follow_v so_o that_o a_o convenient_a descent_n must_v be_v mind_v to_o give_v the_o water_n a_o fair_a passage_n if_o there_o be_v discover_v in_o this_o lesser_a trench_n any_o mistake_n or_o fail_v it_o may_v with_o ease_n be_v amend_v by_o go_v high_a to_o or_o low_a from_o the_o level_n and_o the_o first_o trench_n be_v stop_v up_o again_o for_o this_o trench_n need_v be_v no_o deep_o than_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o upper_a turf_n this_o do_v the_o watercourse_n must_v be_v cut_v out_o which_o must_v be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v the_o whole_a water_n which_o be_v intend_v for_o the_o enrichment_n of_o the_o land_n which_o largeness_n ought_v to_o consist_v in_o breadth_n and_o not_o in_o deepness_n for_o a_o shallow_a trench_n about_o a_o foot_n deep_a be_v best_a for_o this_o work_n when_o the_o trench_n be_v bring_v near_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o land_n it_o be_v to_o be_v draw_v narrow_a and_o narrow_a further_a direction_n the_o author_n give_v the_o improver_n in_o these_o word_n as_o soon_o say_v he_o as_o thou_o have_v bring_v the_o water_n upon_o the_o land_n and_o turn_v it_o over_o or_o upon_o it_o be_v sure_a thou_o take_v it_o off_o as_o speedy_o as_o possible_o and_o so_o fail_v not_o to_o cut_v thy_o work_n so_o as_o unless_o thy_o land_n be_v very_o sound_a and_o thy_o land-flood_n very_o rich_a thou_o must_v take_v it_o off_o the_o soon_o by_o a_o deep_a drain_n trench_n therefore_o i_o prescribe_v no_o certain_a breadth_n betwixt_o float_v and_o drain_n trench_n but_o if_o the_o land_n be_v sound_a and_o dry_a or_o lie_v more_o descend_v thou_o may_v let_v it_o run_v the_o broad_a and_o as_o the_o land_n be_v moist_a sad_a rushy_a or_o level_v let_v it_o run_v the_o lesser_a breadth_n or_o compass_n and_o for_o the_o drain_n trench_n it_o must_v be_v make_v so_o deep_a that_o it_o go_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cold_a spew_v moist_a water_n that_o feed_v the_o flag_n and_o rush_n for_o the_o wideness_n of_o it_o use_v thy_o own_o liberty_n but_o be_v sure_a to_o make_v it_o so_o wide_a as_o thou_o may_v go_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o which_o must_v be_v so_o low_a as_o any_o moisture_n lie_v which_o moisture_n usual_o lie_v under_o the_o upper_a and_o second_o swarth_a of_o the_o earth_n in_o some_o gravel_n or_o sand_n or_o else_o where_o some_o great_a stone_n be_v mix_v with_o clay_n under_o which_o thou_o must_v go_v half_a one_o spade_n graft_v deep_a at_o the_o least_o yea_o suppose_v the_o corruption_n that_o feed_v and_o nourish_v the_o rush_n or_o flag_n shall_v be_v a_o yard_n or_o four_o foot_n deep_a to_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o thou_o must_v go_v if_o ever_o thou_o will_v drain_v it_o to_o purpose_n or_o make_v the_o utmost_a advantage_n of_o either_o float_a or_o drain_n without_o which_o thy_o water_n can_v have_v its_o kindly_a operation_n the_o truth_n be_v otherwise_o the_o benefit_n may_v happen_v to_o be_v no_o great_a than_o the_o patient_n who_o incur_v a_o dropsy_n in_o his_o cure_n from_o a_o fever_n whereas_o by_o this_o mean_n there_o be_v a_o double_a benefit_n the_o first_o whereof_o come_v by_o the_o commodity_n of_o water_v the_o second_o by_o the_o drain_n trench_n necessary_o annex_v thereunto_o and_o whereas_o the_o aforesaid_a author_n commend_v water_v

or_o float_v as_o a_o help_n to_o boggy_a rushy_a quagmiry_a land_n i_o suppose_v no_o benefit_n but_o hurt_n will_v arise_v thereby_o to_o such_o land_n if_o these_o drain_n trench_n do_v not_o open_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o obstruct_a spring_n original_a cause_n of_o the_o bog_n or_o rushiness_fw-mi as_o well_o as_o let_v out_o the_o water_n new_o introduce_v by_o the_o float_a the_o time_n of_o the_o operation_n for_o this_o improvement_n must_v be_v when_o the_o grass_n be_v all_o off_o the_o ground_n for_o else_o the_o soil_n will_v stain_v it_o that_o come_v along_o with_o the_o flood_n often_o water_v be_v good_a but_o to_o keep_v it_o long_o in_o a_o place_n breed_v the_o rush_n by_o this_o very_a husbandry_n mr._n blithe_n bring_v precedent_n of_o improvement_n of_o land_n from_o eighteen_o penny_n to_o thirty_o shilling_n a_o acre_n and_o mr._n plat_v from_o one_o shilling_n to_o five_o pound_n another_o remedy_n for_o dry_a and_o light_a ground_n such_o as_o abound_v in_o sand_n and_o gravel_n be_v marl_n a_o earth_n most_o common_o slippery_a or_o greasy_a to_o the_o touch_n sometime_o blue_a sometime_o grey_a otherwhiles_o yellow_a now_o and_o then_o red_a always_o fryable_a so_o that_o it_o will_v slack_v after_o a_o shower_n and_o not_o grow_v afterward_o hard_a or_o crusty_a as_o clay_n do_v but_o easy_o resolve_v to_o a_o dust_n or_o powder_n it_o sadden_v land_n natural_o and_o so_o will_v turn_v rye_n land_n as_o to_o make_v it_o fit_a for_o wheat_n barley_n and_o pease_n and_o therefore_o must_v not_o be_v use_v twice_o or_o thrice_o together_o without_o some_o other_o more_o rarify_n compost_n to_o intervene_v such_o as_o ordinary_a dung_n be_v if_o you_o lay_v it_o down_o from_o tillage_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o all_o marled_a land_n be_v first_o well_o dung_v chalk_v also_o i_o have_v see_v use_v with_o very_o good_a success_n in_o hampshire_n upon_o the_o down_n there_o which_o be_v of_o so_o dry_a a_o nature_n that_o it_o be_v grow_v proverbial_a there_o that_o their_o ground_n require_v a_o shower_n every_o day_n in_o the_o week_n and_o on_o the_o sunday_n two_o and_o mr._n blithe_n affirm_v that_o in_o hertfordshire_n by_o chalk_n the_o improvement_n be_v make_v on_o barren_a gravelly_a and_o flinty_a land_n mr._n blithe_n report_v thus_o of_o lime_n that_o it_o be_v a_o suitable_a soil_n for_o light_v sandy_a earth_n then_o for_o a_o warm_a gravel_n it_o be_v improper_a for_o a_o wet_a and_o cold_a gravel_n but_o for_o a_o cold_a hungry_a clay_n worst_a of_o all_o for_o say_v he_o lime_n be_v once_o slack_v and_o melt_v be_v of_o a_o cold_a nature_n and_o will_v sadden_fw-mi exceed_o contrary_v to_o its_o nature_n in_o the_o stone_n for_o it_o turn_v light_a land_n into_o such_o a_o capacity_n that_o it_o will_v bear_v exceed_o good_a lammas_n wheat_n or_o mix_v corn_n about_o twelve_o or_o fourteen_o quarter_n of_o lime_n serve_v a_o acre_n it_o may_v as_o well_o be_v over_o as_o under-limed_n after_o liming_n till_o not_o long_o but_o return_v to_o pasture_n num._n 4._o remedy_n for_o accidental_a annoyance_n and_o hindrance_n of_o improvement_n particular_o the_o way_n to_o destroy_v fern_n heath_n ant-hill_n moss_n rush_n restharrow_n broom_n or_o any_o such_o weed_n or_o shrub_n that_o infect_v the_o ground_n whether_o lime_v of_o corn_n prevent_v blash_v the_o effect_n of_o that_o and_o brine_n in_o improvement_n concern_v mole_n and_o the_o way_n to_o destroy_v they_o or_o drown_v they_o a_o way_n of_o antipathy_n as_o to_o this_o effect_n in_o animal_n and_o vegetable_n to_o the_o body_n of_o their_o own_o kind_n when_o they_o be_v in_o the_o way_n of_o corruption_n mr._n blith_n way_n of_o preserve_a corn_n from_o crow_n rook_n etc._n etc._n when_o any_o land_n run_v to_o fearn_n heath_n or_o ant-hill_n mossiness_n rush_n coldness_n or_o any_o other_o weed_n or_o shrub_n as_o goss_n broom_n furz_n etc._n etc._n the_o most_o proper_a and_o improve_n remedy_n be_v to_o plough_v it_o three_o or_o four_o year_n and_o then_o lie_v it_o down_o in_o good_a heart_n in_o which_o operation_n care_n must_v be_v have_v to_o plough_v up_o the_o weed_n clean_a and_o burn_v the_o root_n of_o they_o in_o heap_n which_o warm_v the_o ground_n and_o to_o give_v it_o convenient_a dung_v every_o year_n for_o so_o the_o great_a shall_v the_o improvement_n be_v this_o land_n must_v be_v cast_v into_o furlong_n that_o the_o furrow_n may_v convey_v the_o water_n one_o to_o another_o into_o a_o general_a trench_n that_o it_o lie_v not_o upon_o the_o land_n if_o the_o land_n be_v cold_a and_o moist_a lay_v it_o the_o high_a on_o ridge_n if_o hot_a and_o dry_a sandy_a or_o the_o like_a let_v it_o lic_v flat_a that_o it_o may_v better_o retain_v the_o rain_n water_n be_v sure_a you_o plough_v up_o the_o rush_n brake_n or_o other_o annoy_v weed_n and_o for_o fail_v let_v some_o body_n with_o a_o spade_n follow_v the_o plough_n to_o root_v up_o such_o as_o be_v leave_v after_o the_o coulter_n and_o ploughshare_n harrow_n this_o new_a break_a ground_n with_o weighty_a sharp_a and_o long_o tine_v harrow_n such_o as_o it_o be_v a_o teem_v work_v to_o draw_v that_o uneven_a place_n may_v be_v tear_v up_o and_o good_a store_n of_o mould_n raise_v cover_v your_o seed_n with_o two_o or_o three_o sort_n of_o harrow_n each_o harrow_n have_v tine_n thick_a than_o the_o other_o some_o put_v weight_n upon_o the_o harrow_n in_o the_o first_o and_o a_o thorn_n under_o they_o in_o the_o last_o operation_n after_o four_o year_n tilth_n lay_v down_o your_o land_n and_o that_o upon_o a_o crop_n of_o wheat_n or_o rye_n not_o on_o a_o summer_n corn_n for_o so_o the_o soar_v will_v come_v the_o soon_o especial_o if_o the_o crop_n be_v sow_v thin_a and_o as_o early_o as_o may_v be_v if_o you_o will_v double_v or_o treble_v the_o improvement_n the_o husbandry_n of_o sow_a clover-grass_n speak_v of_o in_o the_o first_o chapter_n will_v here_o come_v in_o most_o proper_o this_o last_o plough_v regard_v that_o the_o ground_n be_v lay_v down_o smooth_a yet_o on_o ridge_n if_o the_o land_n be_v cold_a and_o unless_o the_o land_n be_v of_o exceed_a strength_n fail_v not_o to_o manure_v it_o by_o dung_n or_o otherwise_o this_o last_o season_n of_o plough_v mr._n blithe_a report_n and_o mr._n hartlip_n likewise_o that_o the_o natural_a help_n to_o preserve_v corn_n from_o blast_v be_v the_o steep_v of_o it_o in_o thick_a fat_a water_n or_o lime_n water_n urine_n or_o brine_n or_o the_o mix_n of_o lime_n or_o ash_n with_o corn_n well_o wet_a and_o moist_a that_o so_o it_o may_v clothe_v itself_o with_o the_o fine_a of_o the_o lime_n or_o ash_n etc._n etc._n so_o as_o it_o may_v fall_v clothe_v all_o over_o to_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o be_v cover_v therewith_o but_o i_o believe_v he_o be_v mistake_v in_o the_o apply_v of_o the_o medicine_n to_o the_o prevention_n of_o the_o right_n and_o proper_a disease_n i_o have_v hear_v such_o who_o practise_v these_o medicine_n affirm_v that_o they_o have_v general_o and_o with_o reasonable_a good_a success_n use_v those_o remedy_n to_o prevent_v smootiness_n but_o the_o very_a last_o year_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o where_o those_o mean_n be_v use_v the_o blast_n do_v as_o much_o harm_n as_o on_o the_o adjoin_a land_n where_o there_o be_v no_o such_o application_n make_v to_o the_o seed_n and_o blast_v be_v the_o perish_v of_o the_o tender_a kernel_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o wind_n which_o from_o the_o effect_n be_v sometime_o call_v a_o red_a wind_n that_o too_o sharp_o and_o it_o may_v be_v with_o some_o venom_n breathe_v on_o it_o at_o its_o first_o beginning_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n that_o such_o infusion_n or_o application_n shall_v be_v any_o defence_n for_o it_o come_v from_o a_o outward_a violence_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v most_o usual_o see_v that_o not_o half_a a_o tree_n only_o but_o half_o a_o bough_n shall_v be_v blast_v while_o the_o other_o half_a of_o the_o same_o that_o grow_v by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o nourishment_n remain_v free_a sound_z and_o well_o colour_v there_o be_v a_o procedure_v mention_v among_o mr._n speed_v note_n for_o liming_n corn_n that_o carry_v a_o good_a probability_n of_o advantage_n with_o it_o first_o the_o grain_n be_v steep_v in_o strong_a brine_n of_o salt_n that_o will_v bear_v a_o egg_n twenty_o four_o hour_n and_o then_o be_v lay_v s._n s._n s._n with_o lime_n that_o be_v there_o be_v lay_v a_o layer_n of_o corn_n first_o and_o then_o a_o layer_n of_o lime_n and_o then_o again_o a_o layer_n of_o corn_n etc._n etc._n the_o lime_n cleave_v to_o the_o wheat_n and_o be_v sow_v on_o ground_n not_o worth_a two_o shilling_n a_o acre_n the_o effect_n be_v that_o it_o bear_v as_o